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REZOLVARI Practice
X+r
M
x-r x
3 1
=
x x
3
( )
x
1 ∙3 lim 3
3
lim 1+ 3
=e x →∞
=e
x→ ∞ x
x
3
→∞ 3
y=a+ ( b−a ) x
1 2 a+b−a
y=a+ ( b−a ) = =¿
2 2
y=a+ ( b−a ) ∙1=b π
2 2 2 2
( x−x 0 ) + ( y − y 0 ) + ( z−z 0 ) =r
2 2 2
( x−x 0 ) + ( y − y 0 ) =r
x 2+ y 2=1
z=± √ r −x − y
2 2 2
{
x≥0
y≥0
1−x− y ≥ 0
1−x− y=0
y=1−x
z=√ y⋅sin x .
y ∙sin x ≥0
z= √ 4 x− y 2
ln ( 1−x2 − y 2 ) .
{
2
4 x− y ≥ 0
ln ( 1−x − y ) ≠ 0
2 2
2 2
1−x − y >0
{
4 x− y 2 ≥ 0
ln ( 1−x 2− y 2 ) ≠ ln 1
2 2
1−x − y > 0
{
2
4 x− y ≥0
2 2
1−x − y ≠ 1
2 2
1−x − y > 0
{
4 x − y2≥ 0
2 2
x + y ≠0
1−x − y 2 >0
2
x + y ≠ 0 – originea O
2 2
4 x− y 2=0
4 x= y 2
2
y
x=
4
2 2
1−x − y =0
2 2
x + y =1
( x−2 ) ( y−4 ) ≥ 0
[ {xy −2≥ 0
−4 ≥ 0
{xy −2≤ 0
−4 ≤ 0
x−2=0
x=2
y=4
1 1 1
u= + +
√ x √ y √z .
{
x >0
y >0
z> 0
z= ln
√ 2
9
x +y 2 √
+ x 2 + y 2−9
.
{
9
ln 22
≥0
x +y
x2 + y 2−9≥ 0
9
>0
x + y2
2
2 2
x + y ≠0
{
9
ln ≥ ln 1
x + y22
2 2
x + y −9 ≥ 0
9
>0
x + y2
2
2 2
x + y ≠0
2 2 2
x + y =3
9
22
≥1
x +y
{
x2 + y 2 ≤ 9
x2 + y 2 ≥ 9
2 2
x +y ≠0
2 2 2
x + y =3
z=ln (
x2 y2
+ −1
9 4 .
)
x2 y 2
+ −1>0
9 4
x2 y 2
+ =1
9 4
x2 y 2
+ =1
32 22
u=ln √ e xy ( z− y 2 ) .
2
z− y =0
y−1
z=2 xy−arcsin
x .
{
y−1
−1≤ ≤1
x
x ≠0
y−1
−1 ≤
x
y−1
+ 1≥ 0
x
[ {
y + x−1 ≥0
y−1+ x
{
≥ 0 ⇒ ( y −1+ x ) x ≥ 0 ⇒ x> 0
x x≠0
{
x+ y−1 ≤0
x< 0
y−1
≤1
x
y−1
−1 ≤0
x
[ {
y−x −1≥ 0
y−x−1 x <0
≤0⇒
x
{
y−x −1≤ 0
x >0
( u ± v )' =u' ± v '
( C ∙ u )' =C u'
'
x =1
Ex.1.
( 3 x 2−5 x+1 ) =( 3 x2 ) − (5 x )' + ( 1 )' =3 ( x2 ) −5 ( x )' + 0= {( x n ) =n x n−1 }=3 ∙ 2∙ x 2−1−5 ( x )' +0=6 ∙ x −5∙ 1+0=6 x−5
' ' ' '
Ex.2.
( )
1 '
( ) ()
' ' 1 −1
1 1 1 1
+ ( √4 3 ) =2 x 2 −( x−1) +0={( xn ) =n xn−1 }=2 ∙ ∙ x 2 −( −x−1−1 ) =x 2 −x−2= 1 −
' ' ' ' −1
2 √ x− + √4 3 =( 2 √ x ) −
x x 2
x2
Ex.3.
) {( ) }
' '
( x sinx+ ( sinx ) ∙ x ) ∙ (
' '
( x ∙ sinx '
1+ tgx
=
u ' u' ∙ v−v ' ∙u ( x ∙ sinx ) ∙ ( 1+ tgx )−( 1+tgx ) ∙ x ∙ sinx
v
=
v2
=
(1+tgx )2
= { ( u ∙ v ) '
=u '
v + v '
∙ u } =
'
Ex.4. ( x 2 log 3 x ) =
1 x
{( u ∙ v )' =u' v + v ' ∙ u }= ( x2 )' log 3 x+ ( log3 x )' ∙ x 2=2 x log3 x + 2
∙ x =2 x log 3 x+
x ln 3 ln3
Ex.5.
( ) {( ) }
x ' x '
u ' u' ∙ v−v ' ∙u ( 1+10 ) ∙ ( 1−10 ) −( 1−10 ) ∙ ( 1+10 ) 10 ln 10 ∙ ( 1−10 ) +10 ln 10 ∙ ( 1+10 )
' x x x x x x
1+10 x
= = = =
1−10
x
v v
2
( 1−10x )
2
( 1−10 x )
2
( ) {( ) }
' ' ' '
cos x u u ∙ v−v ∙ u
Ex.6. x
=
v
= 2 =
e v
'
( cosx )' ∙ e x −( e x ) ∙ cos x −sinx ∙ e x −e x ∙cos x −e x ( sinx +cos x ) −sinx+ cos x
2
= 2
= 2
= x
( e x) (ex ) ( e x) e
Ex.1.
( ( x−0,5 )2 ) ={( un ) =n ∙ un−1 ∙ u' }=2 ( x−0,5 )2−1 ∙ ( x −0,5 )' =2 ( x−0,5 ) ∙ [ ( x )' −( 0,5 )' ]=2 ( x−0,5 )
' '
Ex.2.
( ) ()
' '
1 1 1 1 −1 ' −1 1
Ex.3. sin x ={( sin u ) =cos u∙ u }=cos x ∙ x =cos x ∙ ( x ) = 2 cos x
' '
Ex.4.
( ){ ( ) {( ) }
'
} ( 1−e x ) ∙ ( 1+ e x )−( 1+ e
' '
1−e x ' 1 ' 1 1−e x u ' u' ∙ v−v' ∙u 1
tg = ( tgu ) = ∙u = ∙ = = = ∙
1+ e x 2
cos u 2 1−e
x
1+ e x v v2 2 1−e
x
( 1+e x )
2
cos cos
1+ e x 1+ e x
( ){ } ( ) {( ) }
x ' x ' ' ' '
1−e ' 1 ' 1 1−e u u ∙ v−v ∙u
ln x = ( lnu ) = ∙u = ∙ = =
Ex.5. e u 1−e
x
e
x
v v
2
x
e
x ' x '
e
x
( 1−e ) ∙ e − ( e ) ∙ ( 1−e ) e x −e ∙ e −e ∙ ( 1−e ) e x −e2 x −e x +e 2 x e x −e x
x x x x x x
1 −
¿ x
∙ x 2
= x
∙ 2x
= x
∙ 2x
= x
∙ 2x = x
∙
1−e (e ) 1−e e 1−e e 1−e e 1−e e
Ex.6.
{ }
'
( sin 2 x ∙ sin x 2) ={( u ∙ v )' =u' v +v ' ∙u }=( ( sin x )2 ) ∙ sin x 2+ ( sin x2 ) ∙sin 2 x= ( u ) =n
n n−1 '
' ' '
∙ u ∙ u =2sin x ∙ ( sin x )' ∙ sin x2 +
' '
( sin u ) =cos u ∙ u
Ex.7.
( 2 ) ={( a ) =a ∙ ln u ∙u }=2 ( ) {( ) }
x ' x x ' ' x
u ' u ' x x ' u ' u ' ∙ v−v ' ∙ u x x ∙ ln x−( ln x ) ∙ x x
lnx lnx
∙ ln ∙ = = =2 ∙ ln
lnx
∙ =2 ∙ ln
lnx
lnx ln x v v 2
lnx 2
ln x lnx
2
Ex.8. y= ( x +1 ) x
( y )' −?
2
x
ln y=ln ( x+1 )
2
ln y= ln ( x +1 )
x
( )
'
( ln y )' = 2 ∙ ln ( x +1 ) , ( u ∙ v )' =u' v +v ' ∙u
x
1 ( )' 2 ' (
y
y =
x () ' 2
ln x +1 ) + ( ln (x+1) ) ∙
x
y'= y ∙
( −2
x 2
ln ( x +1 )+
1
x +1
( x +1 )' ∙
2
x )
(−2x ln ( x+1 )+ x+1 1 ∙ 2x )
2
y =( x +1 ) x ∙
'
2
( x−2 )2 √3 x +1
Ex.9. y=
( x−5 )3
b
log a =log a b−log a c
c
( x−2 )2 √3 x +1
ln y=ln
( x−5 )3
ln y=ln [ ( x−2 )2 √3 x +1 ]−ln ( x−5 )3
c
log a b =c log a b
1
ln y=2 ln ( x−2 ) + ln ( x +1 )−3 ln ( x−5 )
3
( )
'
( ln y )' = 2 ln ( x −2 )+ 1 ln ( x+1 ) −3 ln ( x−5 )
3
( )
'
1 ' ' 1 '
∙ y = ( 2 ln ( x−2 ) ) + ln ( x +1 ) −( 3 ln ( x−5 ) )
y 3
1 ' 2 1 1 3
∙ y= + ∙ −
y x−2 3 x +1 x−5
'
y =y∙ ( x−2
2
3 x +1 x−5 )
1 1
+ ∙ −
3
( x−2 )2 √3 x +1
'
y=
( x−5 ) 3
∙( 2
x−2
1 1
+ ∙
3 x+1
−
3
x−5 )
v
y=u
v
ln y=ln u
ln y=v ln u
( ln y )' =( v ln u )'
1 ' '
y =( v ln u )
y
' '
y = y ∙ ( v ln u )
c
log a b =c log a b
2 2 2
x + y =r
2 2 2
y =r + x
y=f ( x )
x 0 → x 0 +∆ x
y=f ( x 0 )
y=f ( x 0+ ∆ x )
∆ y =f ( x 0 +∆ x ) −f ( x 0 ) ≈ f ' ( x 0 ) ∙ ∆ x
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) ≈ f ( x 0 ) + f ' ( x0 ) ∙ ∆ x
∆ y =A ∙ ∆ x + α ( ∆ x ) ∙ ∆ x
α ( ∆ x) → 0 , ∆ x → 0
dy =A ∙ ∆ x
Ex.1. a=√ 1,0003
y=f ( x )=√ x
x 0=1 , ∆ x=0,0003
'
a=f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) ≈ f ( x 0 ) + f ( x 0 ) ∙ ∆ x
' 1
y =f ( x )=( √ x ) =
' '
2√ x
f ( x 0 ) =√ x0 =√ 1=1
1 1 1
f ' ( x 0 )= = =
2 √ x 0 2 √1 2
1
a=√ 1,0003=f ( x0 + ∆ x ) ≈ 1+ ∙ 0,0003=1,00015
2
Ex.2. a=arctg 0,97
y=f ( x )=arctg x
x 0=1 , ∆ x=−0,03
a=f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) ≈ f ( x 0 ) + f ' ( x 0 ) ∙ ∆ x
π
f ( x 0 ) =arct x 0=arctg 1=
4
' 1 1 1
f ( x 0 )= = =
1+ ( x 0 ) 1+ 1 2
2 2
π 1
a=arct ( 1−0,03 )=f ( x0 + ∆ x ) ≈ + ∙ (−0,03 ) ≈ 0,770398
4 2
Ex.3. Determinați intervalele de monotonie și punctele de extrem local a
funcției
y= ( x −2 )5 ( 2 x+1 ) 4
y ' =( ( x −2 ) ∙ ( 2 x +1 ) ) ={( u ∙ v ) =u' v +v ' ∙u }=( ( x −2 ) ) ( 2 x+1 ) + ( ( 2 x+1 ) ) ∙ ( x−2 ) = {( un ) =n∙ un−1 ∙u' }=5 ( x−2 )
5 4 ' ' 5 ' 4 4 ' 5 ' 4
[
x=2
[
x −2=0 −1
x=
2 x+1=0 ⇔ 2
18 x −11=0 11
x=
18
+ -------- ++++++
+++++++++
++
4 3
f ' (−1 )= (−1−2 ) ( 2 (−1 )+ 1 ) ( 18 (−1 ) −11 ) >0
' 4 3
f ( 0 ) =( 0−2 ) (2 ∙ 0+1 ) (18 ∙ 0−11 )< 0
' 4 3
f ( 1 )=( 1−2 ) ( 2∙ 1+1 ) ( 18 ∙ 1−11 ) >0
' 4 3
f ( 3 )= ( 3−2 ) ( 2 ∙3+ 1 ) ( 18 ∙3−11 ) >0
−1
max f ( x )=
2
11
min f ( x )=¿ ¿
18
Valoarea cea mai mare și cea mai mică a funcției pe segment
Ex. 4. Determinați valoarea cea mai mare și cea mai mică a funcției
y=x −2 x +5 pe segmentul [ −2 ; 2 ]
4 2
'
1) f ' ( x )=( x 4 −2 x 2 +5 ) =4 x 3−4 x
f ' ( x )=0
3
4 x −4 x=0
4 x ( x −1 ) =0
2
[
x =0
[ 2
x=0
x −1=0
⇔ x=−1
x=1
2) Toate punctele aparțin segmentului dat, aflăm valoarea funcției în
aceste puncte.
4 2
f ( 1 ) =( 1 ) −2 ∙ (1 ) +5=4
()
u ' u' ∙ v−v' ∙u
v
=
v2
( C ∙ u )' =C u'
'
x =1