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ENGLISH DICTIONARY
Programming language: system structured and designed primarily for machines and computers to
understand each other and with us, humans. It contains a set of consecutive actions that the computer
must execute.
Machine language: is the set of data that the physical part of the computer (Hardware) is able to
understand and interpret "The Binary Code" comprised by Values 0 and 1.
Low-level language (assembler): Also called assembler languages, allow the programmer to write
program instructions using English abbreviations, also called mnemonic words, such as ADD, DIV,
SUB, etc. A program written in an assembly language has the disadvantage that it is not
understandable for the computer, since, it is not composed by zeros and some
High level language: allows the programmer to write the instructions of a program using words or
syntactic expressions very similar to English. For example, in C you can use words such as: case, if,
for, while, etc.
Qualitative algorithms: These are those in which problems of daily life are described or solved but
always framed in three fundamental structures that are: Sequences of actions, Decision of action,
Cycles of actions.
Quantitative algorithm: are those in which are used numerical calculations to define the steps of the
process in the same way these types of algorithms describe three essential parts; Input, Process,
Output.
Algorithmic graphical languages: This type of language tends to represent the algorithms in a
graphical way. In this way it becomes easier to represent each of the processes that a computer must
perform to solve a problem.
Non-graphical language: generally used to represent more specific computer processes. Put another
way, to represent the coding of a program without the need to know a specific programming
language.
Pseudocode: the non-graphical algorithmic language most used to date, pseudocode means that you
are going to convert your algorithm into a written language that is understood without using the
syntax and grammar of a specific programming language.
Definition of the problem: This is given by the problem statement, which must be clear and
complete, it is important that we know exactly what is wanted, as long as this is not understood it is
not necessary to go to the next stage.
Analysis of the problem: In this phase, it is established what the product to be developed being
necessary to specify the processes and data structures to be used to satisfy the user's need, so there
must be a great communication between the user and the analyst to know all the needs and
constraints in the development of the application.
Algorithm design: The selected solution alternative must be represented by an algorithm, which can
be developed using the pseudocode or flowchart at the programmer's preference; Then it is verified if
the algorithm meets the characteristics of an algorithm. This check is known as a desktop test.
Encoding: It is the process by which information from a source is converted into symbols to be
communicated. When encoding we convert information from one format or code to another, for the
purpose of standardization, speed or compression.
Compilation and execution: The run-time compilation (also known as Lisp Commons) has a compile
function that allows you to compile new functions created during program execution.
Testing and Debugging: Human errors within computer programming are many and increase
considerably with the complexity of the problem. The process of identifying and eliminating errors,
to give way to a solution without errors is called Debugging. Debugging or testing is as creative a
task as the very development of the solution, so it should be considered with the same interest and
enthusiasm.
Documentation: The documentation for the user is an element of consultation for any person who
will use the program for the first time or who tries to know if the program will serve its objectives. It
is also useful for users who already perform basic management and want to deepen towards an
advanced knowledge.
Maintenance: or also called computer support, consists of a series of tasks that are carried out by
internal staff or by specialized companies to maintain computer systems in certain levels of service.
Data types: is the property of a value that determines its domain (what values it can take), what
operations can be applied to it and how it is represented internally by the computer.
Operators and operands: an operator is the symbol that determines the type of operation or
relationship that must be established between the operands to achieve a result
Identifiers (variables and constants): An identifier is a set of alphanumeric characters of any length
that serves to identify the program entities (classes, functions, variables, compound types) Identifiers
can be combinations of letters and numbers. A constant is one that does not change value during
program execution (or checking for an algorithm in this case). It is represented as described for each
category. Variables are those that can modify their value during the execution of a program (idem).
Their representation is given through letters and symbols generally numeric to which they are
assigned a value.
Top-down and bottom-up design techniques: Top-down and bottom-up are information-processing
strategies that are characteristic of the information sciences, especially software.
Input Devices: Input devices are those devices and components that allow you to enter information
into the processing unit; Some examples known to all are the keyboard, the mouse (also called the
mouse), the scanner, the webcam, the stylus and the microphone; The way in which the user interacts
with them is very varied and has, in each case, a different purpose, which may be the digitization of a
text or an image, the capture of a video sequence or the recording of a song , Among many other
possibilities.
Output devices: are those that receive information from the computer, where the monitors
are located and the printers do it in a physical and tangible way. Example; On sheets of
paper.
Central processing unit (c.p.u): is the hardware, within a computer or other programmable devices,
that interprets the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic and
input / output system operations.
Control unit: it is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates the majority of the
operations in the computer.
Arithmetic-logic unit: a digital circuit that calculates arithmetic operations (such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, etc.) and logical operations (yes, and, or, not) between values (Usually
one or two) of the arguments.
Internal (internal) memory: the memory of the computer where the data and programs that the central
processing unit (CPU) is currently processing or processing are temporarily stored.
RAM memory: Main memory of the computer, where programs and data reside, on which read and
write operations can be performed.
ROM Memory: A read-only memory integrated circuit that stores instructions and data permanently.
Auxiliary (external) memory: External memory or auxiliary memory refers to all devices and storage
media that are not part of the internal memory of the computer (RAM and ROM).
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Programming language: system
structured and designed primarily Lenguaje de programación:
for machines and computers to sistema estructurado y diseñado
understand each other and with principalmente para que las
us, humans. It contains a set of máquinas y computadoras se
consecutive actions that the
entiendan entre sí y con nosotros,
computer must execute.
los humanos. Contiene un
conjunto de acciones consecutivas
que el ordenador debe ejecutar.
Algorithms: set of steps to perform Algoritmos: conjunto de pasos
a task. para realizar una tarea.
Lenguaje de máquina: es el
Machine language: is the set of conjunto de datos que la parte
data that the physical part of the física de la computadora
computer (Hardware) is able to (Hardware) es capaz de
understand and interpret "The comprender e interpretar “El
Binary Code" comprised by Values Código Binario” comprendido por
0 and 1. los Valores 0 y 1.