Microprocessors

Microprocessors 1-1
 Books

• The Z80 Microprocessor , Hardware , Software

programming & interfacing
• Author: Burry B. Brey

Microprocessors 1-2
 Books

• Microcompiuter and Microprocessor : the 8080 ,

8085 , Z-80 Programming , interfacing and
trubleshooting

Microprocessors 1-3
 Books

• The 80x86 IBM PC and compatible

computers (Design and interfacing of
the IBM PC PS and compatible)

Microprocessors 1-4
 Books

• Microcontroller 8051

Microprocessors 1-5
 Books

• The 8051 Microcontroller

Microprocessors 1-6
 Intruduction

• Microprocessor (uP)(MPU)
– A uP is a CPU on a single chip.
– Components of CPU
• ALU, instruction decoder, registers, bus control
circuit, etc.

• Micro-computer (u-Computer)
– small computer
– uP + peripheral I/O + memory specifically for
data acquisition and control applications
• Microcontroller (uC)
– u-Computer on a single chip of silicon
Microprocessors 1-7
 uP vs. uC
• A uP
– only is a single-chip CPU
– bus is available
– RAM capacity, num of port is seletable
– RAM is larger than ROM (usually)

• A uC
– contains a CPU and RAM,ROM ,Prepherals, I/O port in a single IC
– internal hardware is fixed
– Communicate by port
– ROM is larger than RAM (usually)
– Small power consumption
– Single chip, small board
– Implementation is easy
– Low cost

Microprocessors 1-8
 uP vs. uC – cont.

• Applications
– uCs are suitable to
control of I/O
devices in designs
requiring a
minimum
component
– uPs are suitable to
processing
information in
computer systems.

Microprocessors 1-9
 uP vs. uC – cont.

• uC is easy to use and design.

– Only single chip can be a complete system
– interfacing to other devices,
• for example, motors, displays, sensors, and
communicate with PC.
• In contrast, similar system that builds
from
uP would require a lot of additional units,
– such as RAM, UART, I/O , TIMER and etc.

Microprocessors 1-10
 uC is a Reusable Hardware

• Logic circuit provides limited function for one

single design. In order to change circuit’s
functionality, we need to redesign the circuits.
• uC can reprogram and change functionality of
every port, input to output or digital to analog
on the fly.

Microprocessors 1-11
 uCs
• Many uCs are existing right now.
– 8051, 68HC11, MSP430, ARM series, and etc.
• We may widely divide it with how it is
designed
– RISC/CISC architecture.
• What is the main difference between
RISC/CISC?
• Does it make any difference to our
application?
Microprocessors 1-12
 The Microprocessor (MPU)
• The uP is the ‘brain of the microcomputer’
• Is a single chip which is capable of
– processing data
– controlling all of the components which make up the
microcomputer system
• µP used to sequence executions of instructions that
is in memory
• uP Fetch , Decode , and Execute the instruction
• The internal architecture of the microprocessor is
complex.

Microprocessors 1-13
 The Microprocessor (MPU)
• microprocessor (MPU) typically contains
– Registers: Temporary storage locations for program
instruction or data.
– The Arithmetic Logic unit (ALU): This part of the MPU
performs both arithmetic and logical operations
– Timing and Control Circuits: that keep all of the other parts
of system (Regs, ALU, memory & I/O) working together in
the right time sequence

Microprocessors 1-14
 Microcomputers

• All Microcomputers consist of (at least) :

– 1. Microprocessor Unit (MPU)
– 2. Program Memory (ROM)
– 3. Data Memory (RAM)
– 4. Input / Output ports
– 5. Bus System
– (and Software)

• MPU is the brain of microcomputer

Microprocessors 1-15