Index

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LESSON 1.................................................................................................................................... 4
A Dangerous Job................................................................................................................4
The Job of a Police Officer......................................................................................................5
COGNATES Cognados...........................................................................................................7
FALSE COGNATES Falsos cognados.......................................................................................7
COMMON NOUNS Sustantivos comunes.................................................................................8
PROPER NOUNS Sustantivos propios......................................................................................8
ADJECTIVES Adjetivos calificativos........................................................................................9
VERB | Verbo.......................................................................................................................9
PERSONAL PRONOUNS Pronombres personales....................................................................10
VERB “BE” Verbo “ser” o “estar”..........................................................................................10
ARTICLES Artículos.............................................................................................................11
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS Pronombres demostrativos.....................................................12
LESSON 2.................................................................................................................................. 13
UNICEF............................................................................................................................13
Unite for Children.................................................................................................................14
HAVE GOT, HAS GOT Tener................................................................................................17
WAYS OF SHOWING POSSESSION Formas de indicar posesión..............................................18
Adjetivos posesivos..................................................................................................................18
POSSESSIVE CASE Caso posesivo........................................................................................18
SOMETHING OF SOMETHING Algo de algo...........................................................................19
CONNECTORS Conectores...................................................................................................19
And.........................................................................................................................................19
But..........................................................................................................................................19
Or...........................................................................................................................................19
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS Plural de los sustantivos......................................................20
LESSON 3.................................................................................................................................. 21
Daily Activities.................................................................................................................21
Rosa’s day............................................................................................................................22
QUESTION WORDS Expresiones interrogativas.....................................................................24
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES Prefijos y sufijos...........................................................................26
PREFIXES Prefijos...............................................................................................................26
SUFFIXES Sufijos................................................................................................................26
NOUN-NOUN STRUCTURE Estructura sustantivo-sustantivo...................................................27
Noun + noun + noun + noun ..................................................................................................28
PRESENT SIMPLE Presente..................................................................................................29
Estructura gramatical...............................................................................................................30
Adverbios y expresiones de frecuencia para el Present Simple....................................................30
Posición de los adverbios..........................................................................................................30
Días de la semana....................................................................................................................31
Meses del año..........................................................................................................................31
El tiempo cronológico...............................................................................................................32
Teachers together................................................................................................................33
LESSON 4.................................................................................................................................. 36
Do’s and don’ts................................................................................................................36
Call 911.................................................................................................................................37
IMPERATIVE Imperativo......................................................................................................39
CONDITIONAL TYPE 0 Condicional tipo cero.........................................................................40
ADJECTIVE DEGREES Grados de los adjetivos......................................................................40
Comparativo............................................................................................................................41
Superlativo..............................................................................................................................41
Comparativos y superlativos irregulares.....................................................................................41
Your first interview!.............................................................................................................43
LESSON 5.................................................................................................................................. 46
Bullying............................................................................................................................46
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 Dealing with Bullying...........................................................................................................47
EXISTENTIAL THERE Existencia...........................................................................................49
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Sustantivos contables e incontables.......................50
SOME / ANY.......................................................................................................................51
IT......................................................................................................................................51
Usos de IT...............................................................................................................................51
AT – IN – ON.....................................................................................................................52
LESSON 6.................................................................................................................................. 54
Work & Unemployement.................................................................................................54
Work Sharing: Half a Job Is Better than None....................................................................55
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Presente continuo...........................................................................57
Adverbios utilizados con el Present Continuous cuando se expresa acción continua......................58
Adverbios utilizados con el Present Continuous cuando se expresa futuro....................................59
En cambio….......................................................................................................................59
No Place Like Home..............................................................................................................60
FUNCTION OF THE “ING” WORDS Función de las palabras terminadas en “ING”....................62
LESSON 7.................................................................................................................................. 64
An unusual school...........................................................................................................64
An Unusual School: “Sands School”, the Alternative Face of Education............................65
MODAL VERBS Verbos modales...........................................................................................67
Must.......................................................................................................................................68
Should.....................................................................................................................................68
Ought to & Should...................................................................................................................68
Lifestyles: Not Personal Enough?........................................................................................69
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN “ING” AND “ED” Adjetivos acabados en “ING” y “ED”.......................69
-ed Adjectives..........................................................................................................................70
-ing Adjectives.........................................................................................................................70
Resumiendo “ed” vs “ing”.........................................................................................................71

LESSON 8.................................................................................................................................. 72
Crime and punishment....................................................................................................72
What is the Witness Protection Programme?......................................................................73
FUTURE SIMPLE Futuro simple............................................................................................75
Will.........................................................................................................................................75
Usos del futuro simple..............................................................................................................75
GOING TO Futuro inmediato................................................................................................76
Usos del “going to”..................................................................................................................76
Expresiones de tiempo que generalmente utilizamos para indicar el futuro..................................77
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Oraciones condicionales.............................................................81
Type 1....................................................................................................................................81

LESSON 9.................................................................................................................................. 83
UNLa, our university........................................................................................................83
UNLa, our University............................................................................................................84
GRAMMAR IN USE..............................................................................................................89
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................91

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Lesson 1

A Dangerous Job

 Activity 1: Do you know the following words? If so, circle them and
translate them into Spanish.

 Activity 2: Look at the picture and answer in Spanish.

Is this number very common in your country?

When is it necessary?

 Read the following article.

The Job of a Police Officer

Most people are familiar with the job of a police officer. They are on the streets, in our neighbourhoods, in their
cars, and in the news. A police officer’s main job is to protect the communities and to enforce laws!
The job of a police officer is very important! Because law enforcement is vital all the time, police officers work
during the night and on weekends and holidays. Order and security are very important for society so police officers

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patrol on foot or in special vehicles and respond to emergencies. At other times, police officers work on
investigations or make arrests.
Police work is tense and dangerous. They are attentive at all times in case of emergencies. They work under
difficult weather conditions, too. Special training at a police academy and honesty are essential for their difficult
job!

 Answer these questions about the article “The Job of a Police

Officer” in Spanish.
1. Is the job of a police officer strange?

2. Is it difficult?

3. Where are they in general?

4. Why are police officers important?

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 5. Is their job insignificant?

6. Is honesty one of the basics characteristics?

7. Do police officers respond to emergencies?

8. Do they work on holidays?

COGNATES
Cognados
Los cognados son palabras transparentes, palabras parecidas en ambos idiomas (inglés y español)
ya sea en su escritura y/o pronunciación.
Palabra en inglés Significado en español
important importante
institution institución
person persona
area área

FALSE COGNATES
Falsos cognados
Un falso cognado es una palabra que, debido a similitudes de apariencia y significado, parece
guardar parentesco con otra palabra de un idioma diferente, pero que en realidad no comparte su
mismo origen etimológico (no son verdaderos cognados).
Palabra en inglés Significado real Significado falso
actually realmente actualmente
fabric tela fábrica
eventually finalmente eventualmente

 Complete the following chart with the words in Activity 1.

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 Cognates False cognates

 Can you identify any cognates and false cognates in the article “The Job of a
Police Officer”?
Cognates False cognates

COMMON NOUNS
Sustantivos comunes

Los sustantivos comunes son palabras que se utilizan para designar boo dog
k
E.g.

nombres de cosas, animales, y otros objetos que pertenecen a una compute

misma clase. girl r

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 PROPER NOUNS
Sustantivos propios

Se utilizan para distinguir a cada individuo o lugar de los demás, Tokyo UNLa

E.g.
como ocurre con los nombres de las ciudades o de las personas, y Cecili Argentin
deben ser escritos con su letra inicial en mayúscula. a a

ADJECTIVES
Adjetivos calificativos

Son aquellas palabras que califican o determinan a The car is blue.

un sustantivo. Los adjetivos calificativos son los más
incluye un adjetivo calificativo
frecuentes, ya que señalan una cualidad del
(“azul”) que refiere a una
sustantivo, ya sea concreta o abstracta.
característica concreta (el color

E.g.
En inglés, los adjetivos se ubican delante de los del coche).
sustantivos. En cambio, en español se prefiere
The car is horrible.
ubicar al adjetivo detrás del sustantivo.
indica una cualidad abstracta y
subjetiva.

VERB | Verbo

Es la clase de palabra que puede modificarse para concordar con la play wor
k
E.g.

persona, el número, el tiempo, el modo, la voz y el aspecto que posea stud

el sujeto del cual habla. y be

 Complete the following chart with the words from Activity 1.

Nouns Adjectives

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 Complete the following chart with the vocabulary from the article “The Job of a
Police Officer”.
Nouns Adjectives Verbs

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Pronombres personales

VERB “BE”
Verbo “ser” o “estar”
 Forma afirmativa.

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 Forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.

 Can you identify any pronouns and verbs in “The Job of a Police
Officer”?

Personal pronouns Verb “be”

ARTICLES
Artículos

“The” y “A”/”An” son artículos: los A student

An accident
dividimos en definidos e seguido de un
seguido de un
E.g.

indefinidos. sustantivo que

sustantivo que
En inglés, existe un solo artículo comienza con
comienza con vocal.
definido: “the”, que se utiliza tanto consonante.

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 The student is
She is a student. responsible.
en singular como en plural. Existen Utilizamos el artículo Tanto el escritor como
dos artículos indefinidos: “a” y “an”, indefinido porque es el lector saben a quién
que se utilizan para sustantivos la primera vez que se se refiere el término
contables en la forma singular. utiliza el término “student”, ya que en
“student”. este caso fue
nombrado.

 Can you provide two examples of articles from “The Job of a Police
Officer”?

Definite article Indefinite article

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Pronombres demostrativos

Recordemos:

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This (singular)
se utilizan para señalar objetos que se encuentran cerca.
These (plural)

That (singular)
se utilizan para objetos que se encuentran lejos.
Those (plural)

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Lesson 2

UNICEF

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  Answer these questions.
1. Are there any famous Argentinians who help UNICEF?

2. Who are they?

 UNICEF is an acronym, here is a list of very popular acronyms, can you match
the acronyms in column A with their meaning in column B?

Column A Column B

LASER Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

NATO Répondez S'il Vous Plait. French for “Respond, if you please”

UNICEF As Soon As Possible

SCUBA The United Nations Children's Fund

WASP Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

R.S.V.P. Post Script

P.S. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A.S.A.P. Bring Your Own Bottle

E.T.A. Do It Yourself

B.Y.O.B. Estimated Time of Arrival

D.I.Y. White Anglo Saxon Protestant

 Read the article and answer the following questions in Spanish.

Unite for Children

UNICEF is the United Nations Children's Fund. It is a United Nations Program. It has its offices in New York
City. It offers humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in more than 190 developing
countries. People in UNICEF believe that every child has the right to grow up safe, happy and healthy.

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UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is the basis of UNICEF’s work. These rights are common to every child.
All the member states of the United Nations accept the Convention, there are two exceptions: the United States
and Somalia.
Numerous countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America have programmes to improve maternal health, to register
childbirth, to empower youth with knowledge about HIV prevention and much more.
UNICEF is interested in the world’s most marginalized children. They have plans of ICT (Information and
Communication Technologies) to help disadvantaged communities. There is a focus on innovation for equity 'in
2014. The equity perspective - on gender, ethnicity, age, education and rural/urban divide - is a consistent theme
throughout the new ICT4D report.

 Answer these questions in Spanish.

1. What is UNICEF?

2. How many countries receive assistance from UNICEF?

3. Why is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child important?

4. Are there any countries which are not part of the Convention?

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 Find three examples of cognates, adjectives and personal pronouns.
Cognates Adjectives Personal pronouns

 Find examples of HAVE/ HAVE GOT and explain how they are used.
Example Function

 Identify five different forms of showing possession.

 Find examples of connectors: AND, BUT, OR, BECAUSE and explain their
functions.
Example Function

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HAVE GOT, HAS GOT
Tener

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Se utilizan para:
I have got a vegetable garden.
E.g.

Expresar posesión. I have got a lemon tree.

Has she got a car?
Have you got a girlfriend?
E.g.

Describir relaciones.
He's got three brothers / He has three brothers.
Describir
E.g.

I've got a bad cold / I have a bad cold.

enfermedades.
Her office has got a nice view. / Her office has a nice
view.
E.g.

Describir características.
Why has he got a tattoo?

HAVE GOT
es una expresión usada con más frecuencia en el lenguaje coloquial.

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 WAYS OF SHOWING POSSESSION
Formas de indicar posesión

Adjetivos posesivos
This is my fruit.

E.g.
Se colocan siempre delante de sustantivo.
Karen is American. Her house is in Atlanta.

Singular
1st  I my
2nd  you your
3rd  he his
3rd  she her
3rd  it its
Plural
1st  we our
2nd  you your
3rd  they their

POSSESSIVE CASE
Caso posesivo
Generalmente, agregamos 's a un sustantivo singular y apóstrofo ' a un sustantivo plural. El caso
posesivo se utiliza para indicar:
the boy's apple
E.g.

Posesión.
Silvia loves Florencia Bonelli's books.
E.g.

Relaciones de parentesco. Benito Cerati is Gustavo’s son.

E.g.

Partes del cuerpo. Charles's hands are red.

Claudia Piñeiro’s ‘novel Betivu is a

E.g.

Creación.
famous film.
E.g.

Lugares. China’s rivers are very long.

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 E.g.
Tiempo. These are Charles's tennis shoes.

Es posible también agregar únicamente el

E.g.
Who is Emme' father?
apóstrofo (').

SOMETHING OF SOMETHING
Algo de algo
Otra alternativa es usar la estructura something of something. Esto es una alternativa al ‘s pero
solo se usa para indicar:
Relaciones de
E.g.

The sisters of my mother are twins.

parentesco.
The Gioconda of Leonardo is a very small
E.g.

Creación.
painting.
E.g.

Lugar. The big cities of Canada are in the south.

CONNECTORS
Conectores

And
E.g.

Indica secuencia. Victoria is in Rio de Janeiro and she visits Copacabana beach.

Willie is a teacher of History and teaches in a secondary

E.g.

Indica un resultado.
school.
E.g.

Agrega información. Jamie has a dog and two cats.

But
Sugiere un Joey has a collection of Spiderman comics, but he hasn´t got any
E.g.

contraste. Batman comics.

Or
Is Tom a History or a Geography teacher?
Sugiere
E.g.

alternativas. We have two sandwiches: ham and tomato or chicken

sandwich.

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 SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
Plural de los sustantivos

bottle  bottles desk  desks

La mayoría de los sustantivos forman su plural

E.g.
cup  cups sticker  stickers
agregando “s”.
pencil  pencils window  windows

Los sustantivos que terminan en los sonidos “ch”, box  boxes moss  mosses

E.g.
“x”, “s”, o “s”, agregan “es”. watch  watches bus  buses

Los sustantivos que terminan en “f” o “fe”, cambian wolf  wolves leaf  leaves

E.g.
la “f” por “v” y agregan “es”. wife  wives life  lives
baby  babies potato  potatoes
Los sustantivos que terminan en “y”, cambian la “y”

E.g.
toy  toys memo  memos
por “i” y agregan “es”.
kidney  kidneys stereo  stereos
child  children
mouse  mice
E.g.
Algunos sustantivos tienen plurales irregulares. woman  women
goose  geese
man  men
sheep  sheep series  series
E.g.

Algunos sustantivos permanecen igual en el plural.

deer  deer species  species

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