Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
2015;29(1):30-35
P erinatología
Y R EPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA
www.elsevier.es/rprh
REVISIÓN
a
Estudiante del Doctorado en Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz,
México
b
Investigadora del Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
Introducción FLyQGLIHUHQWHGHVXSDSHOHQODVRFLHGDG\SRUHQGHOD
SRVLELOLGDGSDUDGHFLGLUSODQLÀFDU\HVSDFLDUVXVHPEDUD]RV
/DVDOXGUHSURGXFWLYDHVXQWHPDGHJUDQWUDVFHQGHQFLD GHDFXHUGRDVXVSURSLRVSUR\HFWRVGHYLGD
SDUDOD2UJDQL]DFLyQ0XQGLDOGHOD6DOXG206\VHGHÀQH /DH[SORVLyQGHPRJUiÀFDDQWHULRUDODUHYROXFLyQVH[XDO
FRPRDTXHOODFRQGLFLyQGHELHQHVWDUItVLFRPHQWDO\VRFLDO OOHYyDORVJRELHUQRVGHGLVWLQWRVSDtVHVDDGRSWDUPHGLGDV
vinculada al sistema reproductivo1. &DEHKDFHUQRWDUTXH SDUDFRQWURODUODWDVDGHQDWDOLGDGODVFXDOHVKDQUHQGLGR
HVWDGHÀQLFLyQHVPX\UHGXFFLRQLVWDSXHVODUHSURGXFFLyQ IUXWRVHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVSXHVKDQORJUDGRGLVPLQXLU
HQPDUFDDVSHFWRVPXFKRPiVDPSOLRVFRPRORVRQHOGHUH- ORVQDFLPLHQWRVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVWDQWRHQORVSDtVHV
FKRDSURFUHDUKLMRVXQHPEDUD]RVLQULHVJRHOXVRGHPp- desarrollados como en los que están en vías de desarrollo.
WRGRV DQWLFRQFHSWLYRV LQWHUUXSFLyQ GHO HPEDUD]R (VDVtFRPRHOSURPHGLRHQHUDGHKLMRVSRUPXMHU\
WUDWDPLHQWRVFRQWUDODLQIHUWLOLGDG\FXLGDGRVSUHYHQWLYRV SDUDODGpFDGDGHOGLVPLQX\yDSDUDHOFDVRGHORV
relacionados con el sistema reproductor2. países desarrollados4'DWRVUHFLHQWHVUHSRUWDGRVSRUOD206
$OKDEODUGHVDOXGUHSURGXFWLYDHVQHFHVDULRHQPDUFDUHO XELFDQODWDVDGHIHFXQGLGDGPXQGLDOHQKLMRVSRUPX-
SDSHOGHODSODQLÀFDFLyQIDPLOLDUODFXDOSHUPLWHDODVSHU- MHU(VWDVWDVDVYDUtDQVHJ~QODVGLVWLQWDVUHJLRQHVSRU
VRQDVGHFLGLUHOQ~PHURGHKLMRVTXHGHVHDQ\HQTXpPR- HMHPSORHQÉIULFDODWDVDHVGHHQODUHJLyQGHODV
PHQWRWHQHUORV'HHVWDPDQHUDVHSXHGHQHYLWDUULHVJRV $PpULFDVHVGHHQ$VLD6XERULHQWDOHVGHHQ(XURSD
SDUDODVDOXGFRPRORVDVRFLDGRVDXQHPEDUD]RDFRUWD HVGHHQODUHJLyQ0HGLWHUUiQHR2ULHQWDOHVGH\HQ
HGDGRDHGDGDYDQ]DGDDVtFRPRDDERUWRVYROXQWDULRV$Vt HO3DFtÀFR2FFLGHQWDOHVGH5.
PLVPRFRQODSODQLÀFDFLyQIDPLOLDUVHWLHQHXQFRQWUROVR- /DVSROtWLFDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVVHKDQDSR\DGRVLQGXGD
EUHHOFUHFLPLHQWRSREODFLRQDOFRQHOÀQGHHYLWDUHIHFWRV DOJXQDHQHOXVRGHPpWRGRVDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVGRQGHHQ
QHJDWLYRVVREUHODHFRQRPtDPHGLRDPELHQWH\DOFDQ]DU FXDQWRDQ~PHURVOD2061 alude a que el uso de anticon-
PHMRUHVQLYHOHVGHGHVDUUROORFRQVLGHUDQGRHVWDFRPRXQD FHSWLYRVVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGRHQJHQHUDOGHXQHQ
SROtWLFDS~EOLFD1. KDVWDXQHQHOSULPRUGLDOPHQWHHQ$VLD\$PpULFD
(ODXJHGHORVPpWRGRVDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVHQORVSDtVHVGHVD- /DWLQDQRDVtHQÉIULFDVXEVDKDULDQD
UUROODGRVVHGDHQODGpFDGDGHGRQGHVHJHVWDODGHQR- (OLQYROXFUDPLHQWRGHOKRPEUHHQODSODQLÀFDFLyQIDPLOLDU
minada revolución sexual, en la que hubo un cambio en los DSDUHFLyDUDt]GHOD&RQIHUHQFLD,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHVR-
PRGHORVSREODFLRQDOHVWUDGLFLRQDOHVFHQWUDQGRHVSHFLDO EUH3REODFLyQ\'HVDUUROORFHOHEUDGDHQ(O&DLURFX\RREMH-
DWHQFLyQHQHOFRQWUROGHODIHFXQGLGDG\EULQGDQGRDOD WLYRHUDHOFRQWUROGHODQDWDOLGDGHTXLWDWLYRSDUDKRPEUHV\
SREODFLyQXQJUDQQ~PHURGHWpFQLFDVDQWLFRQFHSWLYDV(V PXMHUHVSDUDGLVPLQXLUODGHVLJXDOGDGGHODFDUJDDQWLFRQ-
HQHVWHFRQWH[WRTXHVHSURSRQHODUHGXFFLyQGHODIDPLOLD FHSWLYDGRQGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOKRPEUHQRVRORLQFOXLUtD
FRQODSUHPLVDGHTXHXQDIDPLOLDSHTXHxDYLYHPHMRUH[DO- XVRGHPpWRGRVDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVVLQRSDWHUQLGDG\FRPSRU-
WDQGRDGHPiVODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODUHODFLyQFRQODSDUHMD\ WDPLHQWRVH[XDOUHVSRQVDEOH6.
SRUHQGHODUHDOL]DFLyQSHUVRQDO3/DDQWHULRUVLWXDFLyQVH 6LELHQHVFLHUWRTXHH[LVWHODSURSXHVWDGHTXHHOKRPEUH
DSR\DHQODLQWHJUDFLyQGHODIXHU]DGHWUDEDMRIHPHQLQRDO VHLQYROXFUHHQODSODQLÀFDFLyQIDPLOLDUQRH[LVWHXQDFODUL-
FDPSRODERUDOORTXHSHUPLWHDODPXMHUWHQHUXQDSHUFHS- GDGHQFXDQWRDORVGHUHFKRVUHSURGXFWLYRVGHHVWRVSXHV
32 5'+HUQiQGH]$JXLOHUD\0/0DUYiQ*DUGXxR
VHKDOHJLWLPDGRODUHSURGXFFLyQFRPRDOJRIHPHQLQR\VH (QJHQHUDOWDQWROD27%FRPRODYDVHFWRPtDLPSOLFDQ
KDGHVHVWLPDGRODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGUHSURGXFWLYDGHpO6LQ XQDRFOXVLyQGXFWDOELODWHUDOSXHVHQODSULPHUDVHREV-
GXGDDOJXQDHVQHFHVDULRHOLQYROXFUDPLHQWRGHHOORVHQOD WUX\HQODVWURPSDVGH)DORSLR\HQODYDVHFWRPtDVHREV-
YLGDIDPLOLDU\GRPpVWLFDDVtFRPRGDUXQDQXHYDFRQFHS- WUX\HQORVFRQGXFWRVGHIHUHQWHV1RREVWDQWHHVWD
FLyQDVXOLEHUWDGVH[XDOGRQGHSDUWLFLSHHQODFULDQ]DGH ~OWLPDHVWiURGHDGDGHXQDVHULHGHPLWRVTXHLPSLGHQ
VXVKLMRV\WRPHGHFLVLRQHVUHSURGXFWLYDV. VXSURPRFLyQRSUHIHUHQFLDSRUORVXVXDULRVGHPpWRGRV
3RUGHVJUDFLDODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHOKRPEUHHQODDQWLFRQ- DQWLFRQFHSWLYRVDSHVDUGHVHUHÀFD]\GHTXHVXSURFH-
FHSFLyQHVPX\OLPLWDGDGHELGRDYDULRVIDFWRUHVFRPRVRQ GLPLHQWRQRLPSOLFDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQQLGHOSODFHUQLGHO
DOJXQDVSRVWXUDVPDFKLVWDVPLHGRDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHVX GHVHPSHxRVH[XDO . &RQWUDULRDORTXHVHSLHQVDOD
KRPEUtDYLULOLGDG\SRWHQFLDVH[XDODVtFRPRHOGHVFRQRFL- HVWHULOL]DFLyQPDVFXOLQDHVPiVVHJXUD\PHQRVFRVWRVD
PLHQWRGHODVYHQWDMDVGHORVPpWRGRVDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVSDUD HQFRQWUDVWHFRQODIHPHQLQDSXHVKDFLHQGRXQDFRPSD-
hombres$GHPiVGHORDQWHULRUH[LVWHXQDOLPLWDGDRIHUWD UDFLyQHQWUHDPEDVORVFXLGDGRVSRVWRSHUDWRULRVVRQ
GHPpWRGRVDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVSDUDKRPEUHVSXHVWRTXHVROR PHQRUHVHQORVKRPEUHVHLPSOLFDPHQRUHVULHVJRVHQOD
FXHQWDQFRQODYDVHFWRPtDFRQGyQ\HOFRLWRLQWHUUXPSLGR9. FLUXJtD.
/DGHVLJXDOGDG\HOLQYROXFUDPLHQWRGHOKRPEUHHQODVD- (OPHFDQLVPRGHDFFLyQGHODYDVHFWRPtDFRQVLVWHHQTXH
OXGUHSURGXFWLYD\HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQPDWHULDGHDQWLFRQ- HOHVSHUPDJHQHUDGRHQORVWHVWtFXORVQRVHPH]FOHFRQHO
FHSFLyQVHUHÁHMDGHVGHORVSURJUDPDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHV VHPHQORTXHQRVHORJUDKDVWDDOJXQRVPHVHVSRVWHULRUHVD
ORVFXDOHVHVWiQFHQWUDGRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQODPXMHUSXHV ODRSHUDFLyQSRUORFXDOHQHVWHWLHPSRVHUHTXLHUHGHXQ
SRFDVYHFHVVHLQYROXFUDDOKRPEUHRVHGDXQDLQIRUPDFLyQ PpWRGRDQWLFRQFHSWLYRDGLFLRQDO(QFXDQWRDOD27%OD
PX\SREUHGHFyPRHVWRVSXHGHQSDUWLFLSDUDFWLYDPHQWH HVWHULOL]DFLyQHVLQPHGLDWDSHURLPSOLFDXQSURFHGLPLHQWR
,PSOtFLWDPHQWHVHKDRWRUJDGRDODVPXMHUHVHOSRGHUGH más invasivo22.
GHFLVLyQ\ODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQFXDQWRDODSURFUHDFLyQ\ &yUGRED%DVXUWR0HUFDGR6iQFKH]\6DSLpQ/ySH]23 rea-
DQWLFRQFHSFLyQUHOHJDQGRDOKRPEUHHQODPD\RUtDGHORV OL]DURQXQHVWXGLRHQ0p[LFRFRQSDUHMDVGHKRPEUHVYD-
FDVRVDDVXPLUXQSDSHOSDVLYRHQGHFLVLRQHVTXHGHEHUtDQ VHFWRPL]DGRVFRQUHVSHFWRDORTXHHOODVSLHQVDQGHOD
GHVHUWRPDGDV\DVXPLGDVSRUDPERVVLWXDFLyQTXHKDVWD YDVHFWRPtD\ORTXHOHVGLFHQVXVHVSRVRVDHOODVFRQUHV-
FLHUWRSXQWRKDUHVXOWDGRPX\FyPRGDSDUDHOORV. pecto a este procedimiento. Estos autores encontraron
que las principales quejas de los hombres vasectomizados
VRQHOGRORUGXUDQWHODLQWHUYHQFLyQ\UHFXSHUDFLyQHQ
FDVDLQÁDPDFLyQLQFRPRGLGDGFXDQGRVRQLQWHUYHQLGRV
¿Qué es la vasectomía? SRUXQDPXMHU\QRSRUXQKRPEUHDVtFRPRDUUHSHQWL-
PLHQWRGHODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHELGRDOLPLWDFLRQHVWHPSRUD-
/DSUiFWLFDGHODYDVHFWRPtDKDVLGRGRFXPHQWDGDGHVGHHO OHVSRUHOGRORUFRPRQRSRGHUFDPLQDUPDQHMDU\FDUJDU
VLJORXIXFXDQGRORTXHVHSUHWHQGtDHUDFRQRFHUVXVHIHFWRV cosas pesadas. Estos hombres emplearon diversas estrate-
VREUHODSUyVWDWDFRPRSUHYHQFLyQGHHSLGLGLPLWLVSRVWDGH- JLDVSDUDRFXOWDUODLQWHUYHQFLyQFRPRSRUHMHPSORRFX-
QRPHFWRPtDSURVWiWLFDODFXDOIXHXQDSUiFWLFDGHUXWLQD par periodos vacacionales o días de descanso para no
HQSDFLHQWHVDGHQRPHFWRPL]DGRV\HUDDGHPiVXQWUDWD- H[KLELUXQMXVWLÀFDQWHPpGLFRRELHQQRFRPHQWDUOR/DV
PLHQWRFRP~QGHODKLSHUVH[XDOLGDGKDVWDODGpFDGDGH parejas de estos hombres comentaron que el que sus pare-
HQSDtVHVFRPR(VSDxD\(VWDGRV8QLGRV. jas se practicaran la vasectomía las hacía sentirse queridas
Es importante destacar que con la vasectomía no se dan \FRQWHQWDVSXHVHOORV\DQRWHQGUiQODSRVLELOLGDGGHWH-
DOWHUDFLRQHVQLHQODILVLRORJtDWHVWLFXODUQLHQODIXQFLyQ QHUPiVKLMRVHQFDVRGHVHSDUDFLyQ
HQGRFULQDHQWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVHVGHFLUQRH[LVWHQYDULD- 8QHIHFWRSRVLWLYRGHULYDGRGHOSURFHGLPLHQWRHVTXHODV
FLRQHV\SRUHQGHQRH[LVWHQULHVJRVGHHQIHUPHGDGFDU- SDUHMDVVXHOHQDXPHQWDUODIUHFXHQFLDGHODVUHODFLRQHVVH-
GLRYDVFXODUSUREOHPDVFRQODSUyVWDWDRFiQFHU12. [XDOHVDOQRH[LVWLU\DHOWHPRUGHXQHPEDUD]R$GHPiVODV
(QWUHORVDxRV\ODYDVHFWRPtDHUDGHQRPLQDGD PXMHUHV\DQRWLHQHQTXHXVDUDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVORTXHHVXQ
como operación Steinach\VHHPSOHDEDFRPRPHGLRGHUH- DSR\RHQHOFRQWUROGHODQDWDOLGDG\HQDOJXQRVFDVRVKDV-
MXYHQHFLPLHQWRTXLU~UJLFRPDVFXOLQR$xRVPiVWDUGHVH WDEHQHILFLRVRHQODHFRQRPtDGHOKRJDUDOQRWHQHUTXH
HPSOHDEDFRPRPHGLRGHSODQLÀFDFLyQIDPLOLDUSURPRYLpQ- FRPSUDURWURVDQWLFRQFHSWLYRV$GHPiVGHORDQWHULRUHV
GRVHSULPRUGLDOPHQWHHQSDtVHVHQGHVDUUROORGH$VLDGRQ- LPSRUWDQWHVHxDODUTXHVHPRGLÀFDODSHUFHSFLyQTXHWLH-
GHWDQVRORHQODFLXGDGGH.RFKLHQOD,QGLDVHOOHYDURQD QHQODVPXMHUHVKDFLDVXVSDUHMDVTXLHQHVORVYHQFRPR
FDERYDVHFWRPtDVHQXQPHV13&RQHOWLHPSRODWpF- YDOLHQWHVUHVSRQVDEOHV\QRPDFKLVWDVDXQTXHKD\TXH
QLFDGHODYDVHFWRPtDKDFDPELDGRKDVWDDGRSWDUHOPpWRGR PHQFLRQDUTXHWDPELpQVHUHÁHMDHOWHPRUGHIDYRUHFHUUH-
FUHDGRHQ&KLQDSRUHO'U/L6KXJXDQJHQGHQRPLQDGR ODFLRQHVH[WUDPDULWDOHV23.
YDVHFWRPtDVLQELVWXUtTXHSUHWHQGtDUHGXFLUHOWHPRUGHORV $OJXQDVVLWXDFLRQHVSRUODVTXHVHSXHGHSUDFWLFDUODYD-
KRPEUHVDQWHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWR(VWDWpFQLFDHVODTXH VHFWRPtDHQDOJXQRVSDtVHVWLHQHTXHYHUFRQXQDFLUXJtD
DFWXDOPHQWHVHXWLOL]DHQ0p[LFR. FXUDWLYD\QRWDQWRGHIRUPDYROXQWDULD(VWDSXHGHVHULQGL-
/DYDVHFWRPtDMXQWRFRQODREVWUXFFLyQWXEDULDELODWHUDO FDGDPpGLFDPHQWHHQFXDWURFDVRV(QSULPHUOXJDUSRU
27%VRQFODVLÀFDGDVFRPRPpWRGRVGHÀQLWLYRVTXLU~UJL- JHVWDFLyQGHDOWRULHVJRHQVHJXQGROXJDUSRUFRQVHMRJH-
FRVSHUPDQHQWHVGHHVWHULOL]DFLyQYROXQWDULD(VWRVPpWR- QpWLFRSDUDHYLWDUODWUDQVPLVLyQGHHQIHUPHGDGHVJHQpWL-
GRVVRQSUHIHULGRVHQSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRVSXHVVRQ FDVHQWHUFHUOXJDUSRUFRQWUDLQGLFDFLyQHQODWRPDGH
HÀFDFHVSUHVHQWDQFRPSOLFDFLRQHVUHODWLYDPHQWHEDMDV\ DQWLFRQFHSWLYRVKRUPRQDOHVHQODVPXMHUHV\HQ~OWLPR
VRQODDOWHUQDWLYDPiVYLDEOHSDUDODVSDUHMDVTXH\DQRGH- FDVRSRURUGHQMXGLFLDOHQHOFDVRGHKLSHUVH[XDOLGDGRUH-
seen más hijos. traso mental.
/DYDVHFWRPtDGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDSVLFRVRFLDO 33
La vasectomía en México y en el mundo se debe de tomar en cuenta que el poco o nulo involucra-
PLHQWRGHORVKRPEUHVHQODDQWLFRQFHSFLyQHVWiLQÁXLGR
/DHVWHULOL]DFLyQHQJHQHUDOFRQVWLWX\HXQWHUFLRGHWRGDOD SRUGLYHUVDVFUHHQFLDV\DFWLWXGHVQHJDWLYDVKDFLDORVDQWL-
SUiFWLFDDQWLFRQFHSWLYD6HJ~QORVGDWRVGHOD206HQ FRQFHSWLYRV\SRUHQGHKDFLDODYDVHFWRPtD33.
PLHQWUDVPLOORQHVGHPXMHUHVHQHOPXQGRVHKDEtDQ 'HDFXHUGRDGDWRVGHOD218H[LVWHXQDGLIHUHQFLDLP-
UHDOL]DGROD27%VRORHQWUH\PLOORQHVGHKRPEUHV SRUWDQWHHQODSUiFWLFDGHODYDVHFWRPtDHQWUHDOJXQRVSDt-
HOLJLHURQODYDVHFWRPtDORFXDOUHSUHVHQWDHOGHODVSD- VHV3RUHMHPSORODYDVHFWRPtDHVXQPpWRGRPiVFRP~Q
rejas en edad reproductiva4. TXHOD27%HQSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRVHQ%KXWiQYHFHVPiV
'HDFXHUGRDOD2UJDQL]DFLyQGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDV218 FRP~QTXHOD27%&DQDGiYHFHVPiVFRP~QTXHOD
SDUDHODxRPLOORQHVGHSDUHMDVHQHGDGIpUWLOKD- 27%3DtVHV%DMRVYHFHVPiVFRP~QTXHOD27%1XHYD
EtDQGHFLGLGRXVDUODHVWHULOL]DFLyQFRPRPpWRGRDQWLFRQFHS- =HODQGDXQWHUFLRGHYHFHVPiVFRP~QTXHOD27%H,QJOD-
WLYR'HHVWDVSDUHMDVPLOORQHVSUHÀULHURQOD27% WHUUDYHFHVPiVFRP~QTXHOD27%3LOH %DURQH29.
\VRORPLOORQHVRSWDURQSRUODYDVHFWRPtD. (QFDPELRHQ$PpULFD/DWLQD\0HGLR2ULHQWHHVPHQRVFR-
3DUDHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGH0p[LFRVHJ~QORVUHVXOWDGRVGH P~QTXHORVKRPEUHVHOLMDQODYDVHFWRPtDFRPRPpWRGRDQ-
la (QFXHVWD1DFLRQDOGHOD'LQiPLFD'HPRJUiÀFDrea- WLFRQFHSWLYR(VWDVLWXDFLyQSXHGHGHEHUVHDODH[LVWHQFLD
lizada por el ,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFD\*HRJUDItD GHGLYHUVRVWHPRUHVTXHUHÁHMDQHQWUHRWUDVFRVDVODIDOWD
,1(*,\HO&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH3REODFLyQ&21$32HIHF- GHLQIRUPDFLyQGHHVWHPpWRGRDQWLFRQFHSWLYR33.
WXDGDDSHUVRQDVGHHQWUHDDxRVHOGHODVSHU- $OJXQRVGHORVWHPRUHVHYLGHQWHVHQORVKRPEUHVVXUJHQGH
VRQDVUHSRUWDURQHOXVRGH27%FRPRPpWRGRSUHIHULGR ODLGHDGHTXHODDQWLFRQFHSFLyQHVFRVDGHPXMHUHV\TXHOD
PLHQWUDVTXHVRORHOSUHÀULHURQODYDVHFWRPtD25. 27%QRWLHQHWDQWDVFRQVHFXHQFLDVSDUDODVPXMHUHVFRPR
6HJ~QGDWRVSRUOXVWURVGHO,QVWLWXWR0H[LFDQRGHO6HJXUR ODYDVHFWRPtDSDUDORVKRPEUHVDGHPiVGHQRVHUMXVWRSDUD
6RFLDO,066SDUDHODxRVHSUDFWLFDURQ27%\ HOORV/RVWHPRUHVTXHVHKDQDVRFLDGRDODYDVHFWRPtDVRQHQ
VRORYDVHFWRPtDVSDUDHOVHUHDOL]DURQ VXPD\RUtDGHtQGROHVH[XDODQWHODLGHDGHTXHFXDOTXLHU
27%\YDVHFWRPtDV\SDUDHOVHOOHYDURQDFDER SURFHGLPLHQWRTXHWHQJDTXHYHUFRQORVJHQLWDOHVHVXQD
27%\YDVHFWRPtDV26. Para el caso del Insti- DPHQD]DDODIXQFLyQVH[XDO\SRUORWDQWRVHFRQYLHUWHHQ
WXWRGH6HJXULGDG\6HUYLFLRV6RFLDOHVGHORV7UDEDMDGRUHV XQDSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUHOGHVHPSHxRVH[XDODVHQWLUVHPHQRV
GHO(VWDGR,6667(WDPELpQSRUOXVWURVSDUDHODxRVH KRPEUHODSRVLEOHGLVPLQXFLyQGHODOLELGR\GHODSRWHQFLD
SUDFWLFDURQ27%\YDVHFWRPtDVSDUDHO VH[XDOSpUGLGDGHOSODFHUSURSLRRGHODSDUHMDDVtFRPROD
VHOOHYDURQDFDER27%\YDVHFWRPtDV\SDUDHO SRVLELOLGDGGHXQDGLVIXQFLyQHUpFWLO\GRORU(VWRVWHPRUHVVH
VHUHDOL]DURQ27%\YDVHFWRPtDV. DOLPHQWDQDOGHVFRQRFHUODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODRSHUDFLyQ
/RVGDWRVDQWHULRUHVHYLGHQFLDQTXHHQDPEDVLQVWLWXFLR- SXHVPXFKRVODHTXLSDUDQDPXWLODFLyQRFDVWUDFLyQRTXH
QHVDSHVDUGHTXHSRFRDSRFRHOSRUFHQWDMHGHYDVHFWR- SXHGDQH[LVWLUFRPSOLFDFLRQHVSRVFLUXJtDRTXHODFLUXJtDQR
PtDVVHYDLQFUHPHQWDQGRVLJXHVLHQGRPXFKRPD\RUHO VHDHIHFWLYD$GHPiVDOJXQRVKRPEUHVDVRFLDQHOSURFHGL-
Q~PHURGH27%TXHGHYDVHFWRPtDVORFXDOHVGHHVSHUDUHQ PLHQWRGHODYDVHFWRPtDFRQJUDQGHVULHVJRVFRPRLQFDSDFL-
WDQWRTXH0p[LFRHVXQSDtVVXEGHVDUUROODGR\GLVWDPXFKR GDGSDUDRULQDUFDPELRVGHSHUVRQDOLGDGDFXPXODFLyQGH
GHORVSDtVHVTXHHQFDEH]DQODOLVWDHQSUHIHUHQFLDVHQ VHPHQHQHOFXHUSRRGHMDUGHH\DFXODUGLVPLQXFLyQRFDP-
FXDQWRDODYDVHFWRPtDDSHVDUGHODVFDPSDxDVTXHVHOOH- ELRGHOFRORUGHOVHPHQ\DXPHQWRGHSHVR.
YDQDFDERSURPRYLpQGROD\HQIDWL]DQGRTXHHVXQPHGLR Adicional a los temores antes descritos pueden sumarse
PiVHFRQyPLFRFRQÀDEOH\UiSLGRSDUDODSODQLÀFDFLyQID- DOJXQRVDUUHSHQWLPLHQWRV\GLÀFXOWDGHVSRVWHULRUHVDODFL-
miliar permanente. UXJtDTXHWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQFRPSOLFDFLRQHVHQODYLGDPD-
El hombre que se practica una vasectomía en los países ULWDOPLVPRTXHHVWiLQIOXLGRSRUODFXOWXUDPLHGRDOD
GHVDUUROODGRVFRPR(VWDGRV8QLGRV\&DQDGiFRUUHVSRQGH FLUXJtD\HOSRVWRSHUDWRULRSRUORTXHHVWDGHFLVLyQGHEH
DXQSHUÀOPX\SDUWLFXODUHVXQDSHUVRQDHQODGpFDGDGH UHDOL]DUVHHQSDUHMDVLQFRDFFLyQ\FRQXQDFRQVHMHUtDDP-
ORVDxRVFRQXQQLYHOHGXFDWLYRVXSHULRUDODPHGLDQD- plia. 0XFKRVKRPEUHVTXHRSWDQSRUUHDOL]DUVHXQDYDVHF-
FLRQDOXQSURPHGLRGHWUHVKLMRVRPHQRVKDELWDQWHGH WRPtDH[SHULPHQWDQDQVLHGDGVLWXDFLyQTXHGLILFXOWDOD
]RQDXUEDQD\FRQKLVWRULDOGHXVRGHDQWLFRQFHSWLYRVSUH- DGDSWDFLyQDHVWDQXHYDVLWXDFLyQSXHVDGHPiVH[LVWHQDO-
vios. JXQRVUHPRUGLPLHQWRVSRU\DQRSRGHUWHQHUPiVKLMRV
3DUDHOFDVRGH0p[LFRHOSHUÀOGHOKRPEUHTXHVHVRPH- PXHUWHGHVXSDUHMDRSURPLVFXLGDGGHODPLVPDVLWXDFLR-
WHDXQDYDVHFWRPtDHQHOVHFWRUS~EOLFRVDOXGHVHOVLJXLHQ- QHVFXOWXUDOHV\UHOLJLRVDVTXHORVKDFHQGXGDUGHVXGHFL-
WHODHGDGYDUtDHQWUHORV\ORVDxRVORVYDURQHVGH VLyQ\GHVXSRVWHULRUDGDSWDFLyQ.
HQWUH\DxRVUHFXUUHQPiVDHVWDFDVDGRVFRQDO /RDQWHULRUSXHGHQRWDUVHHQORVUHSRUWHVTXHUHDOL]DQORV
PHQRVGRVKLMRVFRQXQQLYHOHGXFDWLYRVXSHULRUDOEDFKLOOH- KRPEUHVYDVHFWRPL]DGRVTXHUHVXOWDQFRQWUDGLFWRULRV
UDWR\FRQXQQLYHOVRFLRHFRQyPLFRPHGLRDOWRRPX\DOWR SXHVVLELHQODVDWLVIDFFLyQVH[XDODVtFRPRHOKHFKRGHTXH
El motivo reportado por el que se hicieron la vasectomía es ODYDVHFWRPtDVHDXQDRSHUDFLyQVHQFLOODVLQULHVJRVUiSLGD
ODVDWLVIDFFLyQGHODSDULGDG. \VLQGRORUFRQWULEX\HDXQPHMRUDMXVWHSVLFROyJLFRDHVWH
SURFHGLPLHQWRDOJXQRVKRPEUHVUHFRPHQGDUtDQDRWURVTXH
VHODSUDFWLFDUDQDSHVDUGHUHIHULUGLÀFXOWDGHVSRVWHULRUHVD
HVWDFRPRSUREOHPDVGHHUHFFLyQGRORUGLVPLQXFLyQGHOD
Creencias asociadas a la vasectomía VHQVLELOLGDGGXUDQWHHORUJDVPR\SURVWDWLWLVPLVPRVTXH
VRQHIHFWRVSRFRFRPXQHV.
6LELHQHVFLHUWRTXHODYDVHFWRPtDHVXQRGHORVPpWRGRV 6LQGXGDDOJXQDODYDVHFWRPtDHVWiDFRPSDxDGDSRUP~O-
PHQRVFRQRFLGRV\SRUORWDQWRPHQRVXWLOL]DGRWDPELpQ WLSOHVIDFWRUHVTXHSXHGHQSURPRYHUODRQR2WUDIRUPDGH
34 5'+HUQiQGH]$JXLOHUD\0/0DUYiQ*DUGXxR