Ekds Ncaldas ka Jmnt Macens n K  Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn

Yn`hks

–A Jmnt Macens ä ue has encmarns ekrgntndras ha pck`ntk. Nstn cdvra ä uek

pravk hdssa. Ä ue ekrja qun vajï pahnrdk cnr n rncnr hdvnrsks vnzns n sneprn
nxtrkdr kcla `ava k jkhk vnz―.
 ‘Mkcn Hwasgd`, kutar
kutar ha fnstsnccnr hk cdstk ha @nw Tar
Targg Xdens Xmn Znha`k Entmah

–Xahas `ús vn`hneas pkrk lk`mkr k vdhk ‚ kclu`s hn `ús skfneas hdssa n a
rnsta kd`hk `êa. D`hnpn`hn`tn hn qukc lrupa vajï pnrtn`ìk, prnjdsk cnr nstn
cdvra. A Jmnt Macens ä ue praidssda`kc ja`sklrkha jae ue ekrgntd`l n ue
g`aw-maw qun ktä a Maenr Zdepsa` ja`snludrdk depcnen`tkr sne prnjdskr
ikznr ue trk`spck`tn jnrnfrkc. K kpcdjkìêa has sdstneks hn sujnssa hnstn cdvra
trk`siarekrêa snu `nlújda n suk vdhk―.
 ‚ Ztnwkrt Nenry, jakutar
jakutar ha fnstsnccnr Zujnssa Indta pkrk Hurkr

–@d`luäe n`tn`hn ekds safrn jaea jrdkr uek eëqud`k hnid`dtdvk hn vn`hks
ha qun a Jmnt Macens. Cndk nstn cdvra n turfd`n snu `nlújda―.
 ‚ Ekrg Xmaepsa`,
Xmaepsa`, jakutar ha fnstsnccnr Zujnssa Indta pkrk Hurkr

–Ja`struåhned`mk
prdvkhk ekdarprdendrk neprnsk
jrnsjden`ta `asn nck kjkfau^`dhas,
Nstkhas par sn tar`kr k >4ª neprnsk
n k ed`mk snlu`hk
neprnsk kcjk`ìau as $=> edcmþns ne kpn`ks vd`tn n ue ensns. ^skeas as
ja`jndtas ha Jmnt ne kefks ks neprnsks n sdepcnsen`tn `êa më `d`luäe
qun passuk ek`ndrks têa pahnrasks, n, `a n`tk`ta têa prëtdjks, hn ikznr
neprnsks jrnsjnrne. N nu khara k dhndk hn qun pkrk snr nxjncn`tn, vajï
prnjdsk kpn`ks skfnr ;6 jadsks, `êa quktra edc. Dssa pravau snr eudta
vnrhkhndra ne ed`mk vdhk―.
 ‚ Zjatt Mkccek`, hdrntar
hdrntar nxnjutdva, Fus
Fusd`nss
d`nss Lrawtm Hy
Hy`kedjs,
`kedjs, D`j.

–^e hdrntar nxnjutdva rkrken`tn tne k apartu`dhkhn hn trkfkcmkr jae

 

kcluäe têa tkcn`tasa quk`ta a Jmnt Macens. A Jmnt iad d`struen`ta nssn`jdkc
`a jrnsjden`ta hk ed`mk neprnsk, jkusk`ha ue skcta quæ`tdja `a kuen`ta
hn `assks vn`hks. Ä passåvnc trkznr euhk`ìks praiu`hks pkrk k suk
arlk`dzkìêa jae k kpcdjkìêa hks vnrhkhns sdepcns, eks pahnrasks, qun a
Jmnt nxpcdjk `a qun pahn snr a encmar cdvra hn `nlújdas oë nsjrdta. Jaea ue
ja`suctar
en fksndapkrk hdrntarnshanxnjutdvas
`ks täj`djks n arlk`dzkìþns
Jmnt ne tahas hn tahas as tkek`mas, nu
as praontas―.
 ‚ Edtjm Vussa, iu`hkhar n nx-
nx-hdrntar
hdrntar nxnjutdva, Xdenscdps Jarp
Jarparktda`
arktda`

–Nstn ä, hn ca`ln, a encmar cdvra hn vn`hks qun nu oë cd, n nu oë cd jn`tn`ks

hncns. Zn`ha kcluäe qun hdrdln Wekds hnU qud`zn neprnsks n passud ekds hn
sndsjn`tas neprnlkhas, nu passa ma`nstken`tn hdznr qun nstn ä ue cdvra ka
qukc rnjarrnrnd par häjkhks par vdr―.
 ‚ K. Mkrrdsa` Fkr`ns,
Fkr`ns, JNA, Ou
Ourdsjkpn
rdsjkpn

–A ektnrdkc ha Jmnt safrn ”jaea nstkfncnjnr a jrdtärda hn jaeprk k snu

ikvar— ä ue ja`jndta d`avkhar hn enrjkha qun pahn depucsda`kr qukcqunr
neprnsk sn nck iar sëfdk a suidjdn`tn pkrk jrdë-ca. Nssk ÿ`djk dhädk, sn iar
tatkcen`tn depck`tkhk, pahn cnvkr qukcqunr jaepk`mdk k ue `ava pktkekr,
jkpkjdtk`ha-as k hnrrufkr k ja`jarrï`jdk n d`jcd`kr k fkck`ìk pkrk a snu ckha.
Nu usnd tahas as ja`jndtas ha Jmnt `a Rkj Fncc n ne tahas as enus
neprnn`hden`tas hnshn a hdk qun nu as hnsjafrd―.
 ‚ Ekrj ]. Rnkrc, vdjn-prnsdhn`tn
vdjn-prnsdhn`tn hn vn`hks
vn`hks n ekrgntd`l, Rkjdidj Fncc

–[udraprëtdjas sêa, nssn`jdkcen`tn, ha`as hn pnqun`ks neprnsks trkhdjda`kds

qun iu`jda`ke ekds jaea praidssda`kds hn skÿhn qun jaea ha`as hn
`nlújdas. A ektnrdkc ha Jmnt kouhau k rnouvn`nsjnr eudtks jcå`djks hn
qudraprkxdk, kssde jaea as kouhau k hdrdldr `nlújdas nxjncn`tns qun sêa
eudta cujrktdvas. Ekds hn :.222 has `assas enefras qudraprëtdjas
pkrtdjdpkrke ha pralrkek Enlk Ekrgntd`l ha Jmnt n as n`hassas sêa
d`jråvnds―.
- Ztnvn Znktnr, hdrntar nxnjutdva, Iau`hktda` iar Jmdraprkjtdj Nhujktda` & Vnsnkrjm (Iu`hkìêa pkrk k
Iarekìêa n Rnsqudsk hn [udraprkxdk)
 

–Nstn cdvra sn ektnrë ue jcëssdja n`quk`ta ks neprnsks fusjkrne encmarkr

as snus cujras, ks suks vn`hks n as snus iuturas―.
 ‚ Oky Ja`rkh Cnvd`sa`, kuta
kutarr hk särdn Ekrgntd`
Ekrgntd`ll hn Lunrrdcmk

–A Jmnt `êa sú ja`mnjn ekds n encmarns ek`ndrks pkrk a jrnsjden`ta hn

vn`hks qun, pravkvncen`tn, qukcqunr ue, kd`hk ekds departk`tn qun dssa, ncn
tne as sdstneks qun tar`ke as snus ja`jndtas rnkcdstks n iëjnds hn snrne
depcnen`tkhas. K ekdardk has cdvras qun cd safrn jrnsjden`ta hn `nlújdas ä
d`tnrnssk`tn. Eks a ektnrdkc hnstn maene ä ekrkvdcmasa―.
 ‚ Carkc Ck`lnendnr,
Ck`lnendnr, kutar hn Xmn Edccda`kdrn Ekgnr—s Ludhn ta Jrnktd`l k Jksm Ekjmd`n iar Cdin

–Eudta ekds qun sdepcnsen`tn autra cdvra safrn vn`hks―.

 ‚
 ‚ N`trnprn`nur
 N`trnprn`nur Eklkzd`n

–^ek jkepk`mk macåstdjk hn vn`hks n ekrgntd`l qun iu`jda`k―.

 ‚ Faagcdst 

–^e ludk pahnrasa n hdvnrtdha pkrk haed`kr as iu`hken`tas qun cnvke â

vn`hks fne sujnhdhks―.
 ‚
 ‚ Gdrgus
 Gdrgus Vnvdnws
 

K Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks

Xurfd`n Znu @nlújda

jae ue Iaja Depckjëvnc ne
;6 Nstrktäldks-Jmkv
N strktäldks-Jmkvnn

JMNX MACENZ
 

K Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks Japyrdlmt © 62;; hk Ztkrcd` Kctk Ja`. Jae. Cthk.

Xrk`scktnh Irae Ardld`kc Xmn ^ctdektn Zkcns Ekjmd`n nFaag DZF@? 4<==><92=488> N`lcdsm ck`lukln
nhdtda` Japyrdlmt © 62;2 fy Rn`lude Lraup fy Jmnt Macens. Kcc rdlmts rnsnrvnh d`jcuhd`l tmn rdlmt ai
rnprahujtda` d` wmacn ar d` pkrt
d`  pkrt d` k`y iare. Xmds trk`scktda` pufcdsmnh fy krrk`lnen`t wdtm Neprnsks
EjLrkw-Mdcc. Rartulunsn ck`lukln nhdtda` Japyrdlmt © 62;; hk Ztkrcd` Kctk Ja`. Jae. Cthk. Kcc
rdlmts rnsnrvnh d`jcuhd`l tmn rdlmt ai rnprahujtda` d` wmacn ar d` pkrt d` k`y iare. Xmds trk`scktda`
pufcdsmnh fy krrk`lnen`t wdtm Rn`lude Lraup.
Xahas as hdrndtas rnsnrvkhas n pratnldhas pnck Cnd `¿ 4.9;2 hn ;4/26/4=. @n`muek pkrtn hnstn cdvra,
sne kutardzkìêa prävdk par nsjrdta hk nhdtark, pahnrë snr rnprahuzdhk au trk`sedtdhk, snoke qukds iarne
as endas neprnlkhas? ncntrø`dja, enjæ`dja, iatalrëidja, lrkvkìêa au qukdsqunr autras.
Xaha a nsiarìa iad indta pkrk iar`njnr k ekds jaepcntk n khnqukhk d`iarekìêa7 ja`tuha, k nhdtark n a(s)
kutar(ns) `êa kssuene rnspa`skfdcdhkhn pncas rnsuctkhas n usas hk d`iarekìêa iar`njdhk.
Nstn cdvra `êa ja`täe JH-VAE, hdsquntn au qukcqunr autrk eåhdk.
Nrrktks n ktukcdzkìþns? Zneprn `as nsiarìkeas pkrk n`trnlkr ka cndtar, ue cdvra cdvrn hn nrras täj`djas
au hn ja`tnÿha. Raräe, `ne sneprn dssa ä ja`snludha, snok par eatdva hn kctnrkìêa hn saitwkrn,
d`tnrprntkìêa au ensea par kclu`s hnscdzns qun ja`stke `k vnrsêa ardld`kc hn kclu`s cdvras qun
trkhuzdeas. Zn`ha kssde, jrdkeas ne `assa sdtn, 
sdtn, www.kctkfaags.
www.kctkfaags.jae.fr
jae.fr,, k snìêa  Nrrktks
 Nrrktks,, `k qukc
rncktkrneas, jae k hnvdhk jarrnìêa, qukcqunr nrra n`ja`trkha ne `assas cdvras.
Kvdsas n Vn`ÿ`jdk hn Hdrndtas? Nstn cdvra ä vn`hdha jaea nstë, sne lkrk`tdk hn qukcqunr tdpa, snok
nxprnssk au depcåjdtk.
Ekrjks Vnldstrkhks?  Xahas as tnreas en`jda`khas n rnja`mnjdhas jaea Ekrjk Vnldstrkhk n/au
jaenrjdkc sêa hn rnspa`skfdcdhkhn hn snus praprdntërdas. K Nhdtark d`iarek `êa nstkr kssajdkhk k
`n`mue prahuta n/au iar`njnhar kprnsn`tkha `a cdvra. @a hnjarrnr hk afrk, dekln`s, `aens hn
prahutas n ikfrdjk`tns pahne tnr sdha utdcdzkhas, n hnshn oë k Nhdtark d`iarek qun a usa ä kpn`ks
dcustrktdva n/au nhujktdva, `êa vdsk`ha ka cujra, ikvarnjden`ta au hnsenrnjden`ta ha
prahuta/ikfrdjk`tn.
Deprnssa `a Frksdc.
A júhdla hn praprdnhkhn d`tncnjtukc hn ;¿ hn oucma hn ;446 praåfn nxprnssken`tn a usa jacntdva sne
kutardzkìêa has hntn`tarns ha hdrndta kutarkc hk afrk, fne jaea k júpdk dcnlkc ha ardld`kc. Nstk prëtdjk,
ln`nrkcdzkhk `as nstkfncnjden`tas hn n`sd`a, pravajk uek frutkc fkdxk `ks vn`hks has cdvras, k pa`ta
hn depassdfdcdtkr as kutarns hn jrdkrne `avks afrks.

Vuk Ydÿvk Jcëuhda, 64; ‚ Fkdrra D`hustrdkc ha Okjkrä

JNR? 624<2-2:; ‚ Vda hn Ok`ndra ‚ Xnc.? 6; :6<=-=294 / =8;4
www.kctkfaags.jae.fr ‚
www.kctkfaags.jae.fr  ‚ n-ekdc? kctkfaagsBkctkfaags.jae
kctkfaagsBkctkfaags.jae.fr.fr
 

 Nstn cdvra ä hnhdjkha k encmar pnssak qun oë ja`mnjd ne tahk ed`mk

ed`mk vdhk.
 N tdvn k apartu`dhkhn hn en jkskr
jkskr jae nck.
A –skc hk tnrrk― `u`jk iad têa hajn.

 Rkrk k ed`mk Ydjgny, k ckhy ik`tëstdjk

ik`tëstdjk
 

Klrkhnjden`tas

@a æefdta
lrk`hn praidssda`kc,
pkrjndra, nu lastkrdk
en n`sd`kr hn klrkhnjnr
tk`ta safrn ka Oky
jaea ikznr Kfrkmke
neprnsks par snrn ue
jrnsjnr, en
n`jarkokr k nsjrnvnr nstn cdvra (Oky, sú hnearau ;2 k`as, eks nu ja`snlud), â
@kpacna` Mdcc par en d`spdrkr k tnr va`tkhn hn supnrkr ks hdidjuchkhns hn
uek ouvn`tuhn ekc kpravndtkhk n â Mawkrh Cd`gnr par en hkr ue cdvra qun
euhau ed`mk vdhk. Afrdlkha k jkhk lrk`hn trnd`khar eu`ha kiark, oë qun iud
jaea uek nspa`ok ed`mk vdhk d`tndrk, kprn`hn`ha hn tahas ‚ Xa`y Vaffd`s,
Edjmknc Lnrfnr, Xae Mapgd`s, \ky`n Hynr, Frdk` Xrkjy, Hn`ds \kdtcny, n
kssde par hdk`tn. Afrdlkha, Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr, par en hkr enu prdendra
trkfkcma, `a qukc tdvn k cdfnrhkhn hn pravkr ed`mks tnardks. Afrdlkha, Hdjg
Mkrrd`lta`, par snr enu prdendra jcdn`tn quk`ha kfrd ed`mks prúprdks
neprnsks n par en n`sd`kr k jaea ikznr ks jadsks kja`tnjnrne ne
arlk`dzkìþns hn lrk`hn partn. Yajï iad uek pahnrask d`icuï`jdk n ue lrk`hn
prainssar, n par dssa sau eudta klrkhnjdha.
Nu jnrtken`tn lastkrdk hn klrkhnjnr ka enu kln`tn pufcdjdtërda, Card`
Vnns, par en kouhkr k jrdkr ue sueërda nxjnpjda`kc pkrk enu cdvra. Nu
lastkrdk hn klrkhnjnr k ed`mk nhdtark, Khrdn``n Zjmuctz, qune en kouhau k
kpnrindìakr jkhk irksn n jkpåtuca. A kpada iar`njdha pnca Frujn Zycvnstnr iad
d`jråvnc. Ncn ä k pnssak ekds hntkcmdstk qun nu oë ja`mnjd. Iad ue prkznr
trkfkcmkr jae k nqudpn d`tndrk hk Rartiacda ‚ d`jcud`ha a Khrdk` _kjgmnde,
qun ä d`tncdln`tåssdea, n a \dcc \ndssnr, hnhdjkha â hdvuclkìêa ha enu cdvra.
Nu tkefäe lastkrdk hn klrkhnjnr â Gdefnrcy Hnck`ny, pdckr ha praonta,
qune en kouhau k ou`tkr taha nstn ektnrdkc n trk`siareë-ca ne ue cdvra fne
arlk`dzkha.
@a æefdta pnssakc, lastkrdk hn klrkhnjnr ka enu pkd par en n`sd`kr safrn
k jarklne n k ed`mk eên par en hkr tk`tas prnsn`tns, hnshn k krtn n k eÿsdjk
ktä a ekds departk`tn? k ja`vdjìêa hn qun nu pahdk rnkcdzkr qukcqunr jadsk.
Afrdlkha â ed`mk snlu`hk eên, Ou`n, qune ä a npåtaen hn saidstdjkìêa n
lrkìk saf prnssêa. Yajï kouhau k en eachkr quk`ha nu nrk oavne n en hnu

ue dreêaqune
Ydjgny, n ekds
tnetrïs
sdhadreês, k qune
k jkcekrdk nenuenda
khara. Afrdlkha
âs ed`mks â ed`mk nspask,
tnepnstkhns, n kas
 

enus idcmas, Oarhk` n Kek`hk, qun sêa k ed`mk ekdar ia`tn hn nspnrk`ìk n
kcnlrdk. Xuha fne, a Fkfy tkefäe.
Afrdlkha tkefäe kas enus kedlas qun en n`sd`krke jadsks qun kouhke k
eachkr ed`mk vdhk hn iarek pasdtdvk ‚ nspnjdkcen`tn a Xae Zmnpkrh (vajï
iad a Zu`hk`jn Gdh pkrk a enu Futjm Jkssdhy), a Edtjm, a Zjatt, a Ekrj, k
Gdt,
vdhk.aÄRkuc
ue nprdvdcälda
a Vkcpm. ja`mnjï-cas.
Yajïs sêa asKa
ÿ`djas
enu kedlas vnrhkhndrasa `nstk
kedla nspdrdtukc, lï`daca`lk
Mkcn
Hwarsgd`, ue afrdlkha nspnjdkc.
Xkefäe klrkhnìa ka enu dreêa Xde pnck fncnzk nsja`hdhk qun nu
n`xnrla têa jckrken`tn7 â ed`mk dreê Ydjgy pnca snu nspårdta d`haeëvnc7 ka
Ekrtd` (qune nu nspnra ktd`ldr snu n`aren patn`jdkc) n, id`kcen`tn, ka Ztnvn.
Nu sneprn rnja`mnjnrnd vajï jaea k pnssak qun en tdrau hkqunck vdhk n en
jacajau k jked`ma ha kprn`hdzkha. Yajï en d`spdrau safrnek`ndrk jae ks
suks ekl`åidjks pkckvrks, kjarhau k kefdìêa qun mkvdk ne ede ne tahas as
kspnjtas, n idreau ks ed`mks mkfdcdhkhns iu`hken`tkds pkrk ikckr ka tncnia`n
qun tne en kouhkha k en jaeu`djkr jae prktdjken`tn qukcqunr pnssak ha
pck`ntk. Zneprn en cnefrkrnd has fa`s tnepas, jaea prktdjk`ha Gd`ls ne
Fcaaeidnch. @u`jk rd tk`ta `k ed`mk vdhk. Nu lastkrdk qun vajï saufnssn
(jdtk`ha suks fncks pkckvrks)? –A`hn qunr qun vajï nstnok, sn vajï pn`skr ne
ede n sarrdr, `k ensek mark, a`hn nu nstdvnr, sarrdrnd tkefäe―.
 

Zueërda

Klrkhnjden`tas
@atk ka Cndtar
Cndtar

Rrúcala? [uk`ha
[uk`ha Rkckvrks

@u`jk Zêa Zuidjdn`tns

Rrniëjda

D`trahuìêa
D`trahuìêa

;. As Znlrnhas hk Khed`dstrkìêa ha Xnepa has Fdcda`ërdas

  Jaea Atdedzkr Zuk Rrahutdvdhkhn n Kouhkr Zuk
  Nqudpn k Ikznr a Ensea
Ensea

6. Depcnen`tk`
Depcnen`tk`ha
ha Rkhrþns Hdinrn`jdkhas n Xrnd`ken`ta Ja`stk`tn
  Vnpralrken Zuk
Zuk Arlk`dzkìêa K Ide hn Apnrë-ckJaea uek Eëqud`k
  Rnrindtken`tn Kid`khkA Eätaha Xrdfkc hn Xrnd`ken`ta

:. Nxnjutk`ha Vnu`dþns Nidjdn`tns

  Jaea Xrkfkcmkr Ou`tas pkrk Encmarkr Jkhk Kspnjta hk
  suk Neprnsk ^sk`ha Xrnd`ken`tas hn \argsmap

8. Xar`k`ha-sn ue Frdcmk`tn Nstrktnldstk

  Jaea Aftnr Ktä @avn Ynzns Ekds Depkjta hn
  Jkhk Kìêa Xaekhk

>. Ja`trktk`ha Zupnrnstrncks

  Jaea Kjncnrkr Znu Jrnsjden`ta ^sk`ha
  Xkcn`tas Kctken`tn N`lkokhas ne Xahas as @åvnds
 

9. K @afrn Krtn hn Ja`qudstkr as Encmarns Ja`suedharns

  K Ek`ndrk Ekds Vëpdhk n hn En`ar Justa pkrk
  Kuen`tkr Yn`hks Hrkektdjken`tn

<. As Zntn Ncnen`tas Nssn`jdkds hn Ekrgntd`l

   Xurfd`n Jkhk Kspnjta
Iu`hken`tkds hn Znus Nsiarìas
hn Ekrgntd`l

=. K Departæ`jdk ha Acmkr
  Ktrkdk n Ja`qudstn Ekds Ja`suedharns ka ^skr Vnjursas Ydsukds
  Ekds Ja`vd`jn`tns, N, as Ekdarns Nrras [un Xahas Jaentne
  Ka Ikznr uek Kprnsn`tkìêa

4. As Hntkcmns Iu`hken`tkds hn Jaea Ja`qudstkr

  as Encmarns Jaeprkharns

  Xëtdjks
Jcdn`tnsRkssa
Ekds kKcenokhas
Rkssa n Hdk k Hdk Rkrk Jkpturkr Znus

;2. Mkfdcdhkhns hn Yn`hks

  [uk`ta Ekds Yajï Zn Kpraiu`hkr, Ekds Yn`hnrë

;;. Iaccaw-^p n Mkfdcdhkhns hn Jrdkìêa hn Yå`jucas jae a Jcdn`tn

  Jaea Vntnr as Jcdn`tns pkrk Zneprn n
  Kuen`tkr Znus Cujras Vkhdjkcen`tn

;6. Jacajk`ha Xahas as Zdstneks Rkrk Iu`jda`kr

  Nstkfncnjnr Entks, Enhdr k Nidjëjdk n
  Depcnen`tkr Znu Rck`a Enstrn
@atks

Å`hdjn Vnedssdva
 

@atk ka Cndtar

Nu oë auvd hn
prdvdcälda a Jmnt Macens
trkfkcmkr jaehkrncnpkcnstrks ne eudtks
ne eudtks ajksdþns. Xkefäe
autrks apartu`dhkhns. Ncn tdvn
ä têaa
tkcn`tasa n sëfda ne uek kepck lkek hn kssu`tas, qun jaenjnd k n`jarkoë-ca
k nsjrnvnr ue cdvra. Cnvau eudtk afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa hk
ed`mk pkrtn pkrk id`kcen`tn ja`vn`jï-ca.
Klark qun oë cd  K Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks, Yn`hks, nstau kd`hk ekds
arlucmasa ha enu indta hn mkvnr ja`vn`jdha a Jmnt k jacajkr taha snu
ja`mnjden`ta `a pkpnc. Hurk`tn taha a hnjarrnr ha prajnssa, pn`snd qun ncn
nsjacmnrdk uek hn suks eudtks ërnks hn nspnjdkcdhkhn jaea a kssu`ta ha
cdvra. Eks nu `êa ikzdk dhndk qun ncn d`jcudrdk tahks ks ërnks ne uek afrk-
prdek. Nu oë skfdk qun a Jmnt nrk ue pkcnstrk`tn frdcmk`tn. N nu tkefäe
skfdk qun ncn nrk ue ratndrdstk tkcn`tasa. Eks nu `u`jk dekld`nd qun ncn
puhnssn snr ue nsjrdtar têa mëfdc jaea hnea`strk snr `nstn cdvra. Xkefäe
en deprnssda`nd ne jaea ncn cnvau k ensek sklkjdhkhn oë jaepravkhk ne
ratndras hn idcens, pkrk ue cdvra hn `nlújdas.
Zn`ha a kutar hn >9 cdvras, sneprn tdvn nspnrk`ìk qun oavn`s eatdvkhas n
hnstd`khas ka sujnssa cnssne eudtas cdvras. Eks hnpads hn cnr nstn cdvra, en
hnd ja`tk hn qun `k vnrhkhn, ncn tne tuha a qun uek pnssak hn `nlújdas
prnjdsk cnr. Jkhk kspnjta departk`tn hn `nlújda ä nxpcdjkha pnca Jmnt `nstks
pëld`ks ‚ n ncks nstêa jmndks hn d`iarekìþns qun eudtas hn vajïs `u`jk
auvdrke k`tns. Yajï `u`jk pahnrë kjuskr a Jmnt hn snr supnridjdkc. Më
d`sdlmts praiu`has `nstn cdvra, hntkcmns jråtdjas, n nxpnrdï`jdks pnssakds qun a
snpkrke hn prktdjken`tn tahas as autras cdvras `ks prktncndrks hn suk
fdfcdatnjk au cdvrkrdk.
Idnc ka snu tåtuca hn enstrn ne jkrktï, a Jmnt ä jckra n jnrtndra ka
trk`sedtdr a ja`tnÿha `nstks pëld`ks. Kprn`hnr hncn ä jaea kprn`hnr hn ue
prainssar hn nxjncï`jdk eu`hdkc, a qun `êa vne jaea `n`muek surprnsk
parqun a Jmnt rnkcen`tn ä ue has encmarns prainssarns ha eu`ha. N`quk`ta
ks neprnsks fusjkrne encmarkr snus cujras, vn`hks n iuturas, nstn cdvra snrë

ue jcëssdja. Afrdlkha,
hntnred`kìêa Jmnt,
iad rdjken`tn par pravkr qun k ed`mk afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n
rnjaepn`skhk.
 

 ‘Oky Ja`rkh Cnvd`sa`, a pkd ha

ekrgntd`l hn lunrrdcmk n kutar hk
särdn Ekrgntd`l
särdn Ekrgntd`l hn Lunrrdcmk.
  Ekds hn ;8 edcmþns hn nxnepckrns
vn`hdhas7 klark ne 8: dhdaeks.
 

Rrúcala? [uk`ha Rkckvrks

@u`jk Zêa Zuidjdn`tns

[uk`ha a Jmnt Macens cdlau pkrk en ja`tkr qun ncn nstkvk tnred`k`ha ue
cdvra n pnrlu`tk`ha sn nu pahnrdk hkr uek cdhk, nu pn`snd jaedla ensea, Km
`êa, Jmnt, autra cdvra hn vn`hks `êa.
@êa en d`tnrprntn ekc7 a Jmnt ä d`kjrnhdtkvncen`tn nidjdn`tn quk`ha sn
trktk hn vn`hks.
A Jmnt ä ue nspnjdkcdstk `a qun ikz.
A Jmnt skfn as hntkcmns safrn a jdjca hn vn`hks7 a sdstnek hn vn`hks7 a
pasdjda`ken`ta hn prahutas, snrvdìas n neprnsks7 n ks pnssaks qun as

ja`strane
`nlújda hasn`nlújdas
as vn`hne.
skfn. Jadsks qun paujas hn `ús qun trkfkcmkeas `a
Eks ensea kssde, en hnu ue kpnrta `a jarkìêa n sn`td pnskr as aefras
quk`ha a Jmnt en cdlau pnhd`ha qun nu kpn`ks hnssn uek acmkhd`mk ne
kclu`s jkpåtucas hnstn cdvra `ava n, tkcvnz, idznssn kclue ncalda safrn a qun
vd.
Eks jaea a Jmnt ä enu kedla n tkefäe ue nspnjdkcdstk, rk`ld enus
hn`tns n sdepcnsen`tn rnspa`hd qun sde, ja`vn`jdha hn qun, ensea qun a
Jmnt snok ue enstrn ne vn`hks, nxdstne pauquåssdeas kutarns qun
ja`snlune trk`siarekr nssk mkfdcdhkhn ne ue cdvra qun ks pnssaks cndke n
rncndke. Dssahdspastks,
jaea nstêa sú sn kcjk`ìk jaeä kdssa
oë qun nsjacmk
a qunjnrtk hn pkckvrks
jkpturk n jae khaek`ndrk
k dekld`kìêa cndtar,
kssde jaea tahks ks lrk`hns mdstúrdks a ikzne.
Nu rnjnkvk qun ka jaenìkr k cnr nstn cdvra, tnrdk qun cmn hdznr k vnrhkhn?
cdvras tkefäe sêa hdiåjnds hn snrne nsjrdtas, Jmnt, eks hndxk prk cë, a qun
departk ä qun vajï inz ue fae trkfkcma, n më tk`tks autrks jadsks `ks qukds
vajï tne tkcn`ta. Yajï `ne sn cnefrkrë hdsta hnpads qun kclu`s k`as, n k har
rnsuctk`tn hks hurks jråtdjks pksskrne, n hnsjafrdrë qun kek`mê snrë ue `ava
hdk.
Dssa ä a qun nu pn`snd qun tnrdk qun hdznr ka Jmnt hnpads hn hkr uek
acmkhk `ks pëld`ks qun ncn en n`vdkssn.
 

Eks, Jmnt, nu prnjdsa hdznr dsta? klark vajï ä ue enstrn ne cdvras

tkefäe!
N ä dssa qun hdla k vajï, qunrdha cndtar. [un a Jmnt Macens `êa ä kpn`ks
ue enstrn `a ja`tnÿha hnstn cdvra, eks tkefäe ne kcla eudta ekds
praiu`ha qun a ja`tnÿha hn vn`hks pkrnjn snr? Jmnt skfn jaea a eu`ha hks
pkckvrks
prnjdsk hniu`jda`k. Ncn skfn hn
fa`s ja`tkharns jaea ja`tkr N
mdstúrdks. mdstúrdks.
ncn skfnNcn skfn ks
parqun parqun a eu`ha
neprnsks qun
jkrnjne hn ja`tkharns hn mdstúrdks sêa neprnsks qun `êa pahne tnr k
nxpnjtktdvk hn jkpturkr k dekld`kìêa hn snus jcdn`tns, hn snus iu`jda`ërdas au
hks pnssaks qun d`vnstne `ncks. Jkhk uek hnssks pnssaks hnsnok
praiu`hken`tn auvdr uek fak mdstúrdk7 nssks pnssaks kharke auvdr k irksn
–Nrk ^ek Ynz...― jae k qukc as jacajkvke `k jkek më eudtas k`as ktrës. A
Jmnt cmn n`sd`k n`trn ks jkpks hnstn cdvra k jaea ja`tkr mdstúrdks. N ncn ikz
dssa hk encmar ek`ndrk passåvnc? ncn cmn ja`tk uek mdstúrdk, n autrk, n kd`hk
autrk, n n`têa ekds autrk. N n`têa quk`ha vajï kjmk qun ncn oë nslatau tahks
ks suks mdstúrdks, ncn ja`tk uek mdstúrdk kd`hk encmar qun tahks ks k`tnrdarns.
N jkhk mdstúrdk ja`trdfud prk tar`kr K Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks ne ue
cdvra qun rnÿ`n tahks ks d`iarekìþns hn iarek k kouhë-ca k rkhdjkcen`tn
kuen`tkr suks vn`hks sn vajï iar sëfda a suidjdn`tn pkrk snludr snus
ja`sncmas.
N`têa, Jmnt, a qun passa hdznr1 Yajï ä ue enstrn. N nstn cdvra ä safrn
eknstrdk. N vajï ktd`ldu a kcva ne jmnda. Zde, quk`ha vajï cï ue cdvra
rnkcen`tn cnlkc, më paujks pkckvrks qun rnstke pkrk snrne hdtks. Jae k
nxjnìêa hn? fae trkfkcma, Jmnt. Afrdlkha pnck apartu`dhkhn hn klrkhnjï-ca
hnstk iarek.

 ‘ Edjmnc N. Lnrfnr, kutar ha

fnstsnccnr N-Eytm, N-Eytm Ekstnry,
n N-Eytm Vnvdsdtnh
 

Rrniëjda

Kqud nstë ue rnsuea ha ktukc kefdn`tn hn `nlújdas?

^ek neprnsk injmk k jkhk trïs ed`utas.
^ek pasdìêa hn hdrntardk euhk k jkhk :6 snlu`has.
^ek neprnsk euhk hn ja`tracn k jkhk ;> ed`utas. ;
49% hn tahks ks neprnsks injmke hn`tra hn ;2 k`as.
69 edc `avas prahutas n ekrjks sêa ck`ìkhks tahas as k`as.
;9% k :2% has ja`suedharns euhke suk idhncdhkhn â ekrjk ue
hdk kpús vnr jaenrjdkds hn tncnvdsêa par kclueks marks.
<8% has ja`suedharns jaeprke hn autrks ekrjks qun `êa snoke
suks ekrjks ikvardtks.
64% has ja`suedharns `êa cnne a oar`kc.6

@as enus ;> k`as trkfkcmk`ha jae edcmkrns hn neprnsks neprnn`hnharks

n ekds hn 92 hks neprnsks Iartu`n >22, nu prnsn`jdnd a justa pkrk ktrkdr k
ktn`ìêa hn ue ja`suedhar prktdjken`tn trdpcdjkr. Zn më ;> k`as ktrës justkvk
$;22 pkrk ktrkdr k ktn`ìêa hn ue jcdn`tn, maon nssn justa sufdu pkrk $:22. Ks
tkrdiks kuen`tkrke pkrk tahas as lrk`hns endas hn jaeu`djkìêa, d`jcud`ha k
tncnvdsêa, a rëhda n a oar`kc, n`quk`ta qun k pn`ntrkìêa hn jkhk ue hnssns
vnåjucas hn eåhdk hded`udu. Jae ekds nsjacmks hn tncnvdsêa n rëhda ha qun
`u`jk, a pÿfcdja ne ekssk qun vajï ja`snludk ktd`ldr ne ue sú culkr nstë
klark nspkcmkha hn`trn jn`tn`ks hn jk`kds hn eåhdk. @avks tnj`acaldks tkds
jaea a rëhda sktäcdtn n a XdYa pnredtdrke qun as ja`suedharns nvdtkssne as
jaenrjdkds par jaepcnta. A sdl`didjkha hn tuha dssa ä qun ktd`ldr a
ja`suedhar nstë jkhk vnz ekds hdiåjdc, n a enrjkha tar`au-sn kjdrrkhken`tn n
vdjdasken`tn jaepntdtdva. Më kcluäe qun kd`hk kjmn qun ks jadsks idjkrêa
ekds iëjnds1
[uk`ha hau pkcnstrks `k irn`tn hn edcmkrns hn ha`as hn `nlújdas, nu
jaenìa hdzn`ha qun nu passa lkrk`tdr qun kouhkrnd k jkhk ue hncns k
trk`siarekr suks neprnsks ne uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks . Rahn-sn
ktä nspnrkr qun dssa kja`tnìk rkpdhken`tn. Hafrnd ks vn`hks hn eudtks
 

neprnsks ne kpn`ks ;6 ensns. Ne snludhk hdla? –Yajïs n`tn`hnrêa tahas as

prd`jåpdas qun jaepkrtdcmkrnd jae vajïs maon, oë qun `êa më `khk kcäe hn
d`iarekìþns cúldjks kqud. Yajïs ja`jarhkrêa jae ncks. Yajïs skfnrêa qun
nstau jnrta n qun nssns prd`jåpdas iu`jda`krêa ne suks neprnsks. . . . N
ensea kssde vajïs `êa as snludrêa―. K pcktndk sneprn hë rdskhks `nssk
pkrtn. Nu ja`td`ua hdzn`ha? –Nu jmkea nstk pkrtn hk ed`mk kprnsn`tkìêa hn
psdjacaldk d`vnrsk, a`hn nstdeuca vajïs k kpcdjkr uek pahnrask iarìk pkrk
jrdkr sujnssa usk`ha a qun vajïs kprn`hnrêa kqud maon. N nssk iarìk, enus
kedlas, ä uek –afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa―.
Zn`ha ue pkcnstrk`tn qun tne ikckha ne pÿfcdja oë më ;> k`as, tdvn a
prkznr hn tnr eudtas ha`as hn neprnsks n nxnjutdvas vdrne ktä ede n en
hdznr? –Zkfn, Jmnt, snu ektnrdkc rnkcen`tn en kouhau eudta. Eks, pkrk ikckr k
vnrhkhn, k cdìêa ekds departk`tn qun kprn`hd jae vajï iad a qun hdssn safrn
k afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa―. Zn vajï kpcdjkr k jurvk hn
kprn`hdzkha hnstn cdvra ka snu `nlújda jae uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n
hntnred`kìêa, vajï tkefäe vdrë ktä ede ne kcluek pkcnstrk pkrk en
klrkhnjnr pnca ikta hn qun snu `nlújda klark hnrratk snus ja`jarrn`tns ne
tahas as kspnjtas, iu`jda`k sne vajï n ä kctken`tn cujrktdva. Vnsued`ha,
vajï tnrë sn tar`kha ue enstrn ne snu `nlújda hn iarek qun ncn iu`jda`n
jaea uek eëqud`k hn vn`hks fne kid`khk.
Jaea vajï sn tar`k enstrn ne kcluek jadsk1 Jaea vajï kouhk as autras k
sn tar`krne enstrns1 K cdìêa jmkvn qun kprn`hd hnshn lkrata, quk`ha nu
trnd`kvk jkrktï, ä qun pkrk sn tar`kr ue enstrn `êa sn trktk hn snr nspnjdkc au
ekds tkcn`tasa qun as autras. Xar`kr-sn ue enstrn ä a rnsuctkha hdrnta hn
uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa. K praenssk hnstn cdvra ä qun vajï
kprn`hnrë jaea snr ue enstrn ne snu `nlújda hn iarek k tar`ë-ca a encmar,
ekds cujrktdva n ekds fne hdrdldha passåvnc. Yajï rnjnfnrë ks inrrken`tks
pkrk tar`kr-sn ue enstrn ne trïs ërnks jråtdjks? ekrgntd`l, khed`dstrkìêa n
vn`hks. A haeå`da hn jkhk uek hnssks ërnks ikrë suk neprnsk iu`jda`kr
jaea uek eëqud`k.

A D`åjda hk Eëqud`k

[uk`ha nu td`mk ;> k`as, tnstnd ue `ava eätaha pkrk kpnrindìakr ed`mks
 

mkfdcdhkhns hn jkrktï. Enu qukrta td`mk ue pä hdrndta kcta. Nu pkrkiusnd uek

jarhk hn jaura `a ha tnta n prn`hd uek fack hn saitfkcc `k autrk pa`tk, `k
kcturk ha pndta. Ed`mk d`tn`ìêa nrk jmutkr n fktnr `k fack hn iarek qun
quk`ha nck vactkssn ne ed`mk hdrnìêa, nu ja`snludssn hnsvdë-ck, fcaqunë-ck,
jmutë-ck n fktnr `nck `avken`tn.
Ka hkr enu prdendra lacpn hn jkrktï jae k eêa, k fack qudjau ktä a cdedtn
hk jarhk n vactau rkpdhken`tn, fktn`ha ne ed`mk jkfnìk. Dssa `êa snrdk têa
iëjdc quk`ta nu pn`skvk. Xn`tnd tahas as tdpas hn jmutn ‚ jmutn hn lk`jma,
jmutn ira`tkc, jmutn trksndrk, jmutn cktnrkc - eks k fack sneprn vakvk ka cdedtn
hk jarhk n qudjkvk hn vactk, fktn`ha `k ed`mk jkfnìk, `a jatavnca, `as
aefras au pndta.
Xrnd`nd dssa par eudtks snek`ks n idz eudta pauja pralrnssa. Hnpads hn
ue eïs, nu ja`snludk hn ikta fcaqunkr k fack k`tns qun nck en fktnssn uek
au huks vnzns. Hnpads hn trïs ensns trnd`k`ha tahas as hdks, nu ja`snludk
fktnr `k fack jae qukcqunr hks kreks ha jarpa ‚ ed`mks eêas, enus päs,
enus jatavncas n enus oancmas. Nu ja`snludk ktä ikznr ue jmutn trksndra jae
ldra, jmutkr k fack `avken`tn n hnpads fcaqunë-ck mkfdcdhasken`tn quk`ha
nck vactkvk ne ed`mk hdrnìêa hn ue æ`luca hdinrn`tn.
Hnpads hn snds ensns, k fack `u`jk en tajkvk. Nu ja`snludk ldrkr jae
pnrindìêa `a kr, kstutken`tn fcaqunk`ha k fack qun vd`mk hn tahas as
æ`lucas. Nrk d`jråvnc. Nu ja`snludk cdtnrkcen`tn pnlkr, jmutkr au fktnr
`kqunck fack jae qukcqunr eavden`ta n k qukcqunr mark qun nu qudsnssn. N
tuha dssa nu ikzdk ekds rëpdha ha qun nu dekld`nd snr passåvnc. Enu jarpa
nstkvk apnrk`ha jaea uek eëqud`k, rnspa`hn`ha â fack jaea sn nstdvnssn
prä-pralrkekha pkrk k`tnjdpkr jkhk eavden`ta passåvnc hnck.
Dekld`n enu `åvnc hn mkfdcdhkhn quk`ha kqunck fack qudjkvk ka rnhar ha
qukrta jae uek vncajdhkhn hn rkda n as enus rnicnxas nrke kd`hk ekds
rëpdhas ha qun dssa. Nrk neajda`k`tn. Nu en sn`tdk têa pahnrasa. Hnd-en
ja`tk qun en tar`kr ue enstrn hn jkrktï `êa sn trktkvk hn kprn`hnr 8 edc
eavden`tas, eks hn rnpntdr kpn`ks kclu`s eavden`tas 8 edc vnzns. Nssk
rnpntdìêa trnd`au enu jarpa hn iarek k iu`jda`kr jaea uek eëqud`k ‚ n ä
dssa a qun uek rnpntdìêa ja`stk`tn n iajkhk pahn ikznr pnck suk neprnsk.
D`hnpn`hn`tn ha qun surok, suks rnspastks snrêa kutaeëtdjks parqun vajï nstë
prnpkrkha n hnsn`vacvnu ks mkfdcdhkhns pkrk cdhkr jae jkhk jn`ërda passåvnc.
A ekds
hnstn departk`tn
cdvra, vajï drë ävn`jnr
qun kasnus
iajkr-sn jaea ue
ja`jarrn`tns ne rkda
tahascksnr `ks ;6 nstrktäldks
as kspnjtas, d`jcud`ha
 

ks ërnks hn vn`hks, ekrgntd`l n khed`dstrkìêa.

A ensea kja`tnjn jae qukcqunr neprnsk7 më dtn`s fësdjas qun vajï pahn
rnpntdr hdvnrsks vnzns ktä qun jkhk kspnjta iu`jda`n jaea uek eëqud`k. Ne
ue iutura prúxdea vajï pahnrë ikznr jae qun jkhk pnssak ne jkhk
hnpkrtken`ta skdfk cdhkr jae qukcqunr sdtukìêa qun surok. N`quk`ta ks autrks
neprnsks tnrêa kpn`ks uek au huks kfarhkln`s pkrk kln`hkr rnu`dþns jae
jcdn`tns, as snus vn`hnharns tnrêa ;2 kfarhkln`s hdinrn`tns n rnkcdzkrêa jkhk
uek hncks depnjkvncen`tn. Znus vn`hnharns tnrêa ne eêas ks rnspastks n
jkrtks hn iaccaw-up pnrindtks pkrk jkhk sdtukìêa passåvnc. Znu pnssakc hn
ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar skfnrë jaea rnspa`hnr k qukcqunr nxjckekìêa,
pnhdha nspnjdkc au hnvacuìêa qun surok sne prnjdskr ja`suctkr a lnrn`tn. As
`åvnds hn nstrnssn snrêa rnhuzdhas parqun jkhk iu`jda`ërda tnrë k d`iarekìêa,
a trnd`ken`ta n ks inrrken`tks `njnssërdks pkrk rnkcdzkrne snu trkfkcma hn
iarek ja`idk`tn n nidjkz. A qun cnvkrë vajï k nssn pktkekr1 Kpn`ks uek
jadsk? uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa.
Rn`sn `ks ërnks hn suk vdhk a`hn vajï sn supnrau ‚ vajï skfn qun
trkfkcmau hura `kqudca. Xkcvnz vajï snok ue útdea oalkhar hn lacin. Xkcvnz
vajï snok fae `a tï`ds. Xkcvnz vajï taqun pdk`a. [ukcqunr ja`qudstk hn suk
vdhk nxdldu qun vajï snludssn as pkssas fësdjas â rdsjk ktä tar`kr-sn nxjncn`tn
`kqudca. N ensea kssde tk`tks neprnsks `êa ikzne dssa. Rar nxnepca, pkrk
vajï snr nxjncn`tn ne vn`hks, vajï prnjdsk snr nxjncn`tn ne kpn`ks sntn
jadsks. @a n`tk`ta, k kuhdtardk hn vn`hks qun ikìa ne jn`tn`ks hn neprnsks
rnvnck qun paujks, au `n`muek, hncks hntkcmkrke nssn prajnssa hn iarek k
lnrkr k nxjncï`jdk.
K suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta nstë jrnsjn`ha `k vncajdhkhn qun vajï
hnsnok1 Ne quksn tahks ks neprnsks qun kouhnd k ikznr jrnsjnr, tahas
trkfkcmkvke hura, hnshn a hdrntar nxnjutdva kas vn`hnharns, snlud`ha k tahk
k mdnrkrqudk. Eks sn vajï `êa tne ks inrrken`tks `njnssërdks pkrk tnr a
haeå`da hn jkhk ërnk hn snu `nlújda, vajï nstkrë trkfkcmk`ha ekds hura, `êa
jae ekds d`tncdlï`jdk. Nstn cdvra ainrnjnr-cmn-ë ks inrrken`tks. @êa sú
iar`njnr-cmn-ë uek en`tkcdhkhn afstd`khk, eks tkefäe hdspa`dfdcdzkrë
d`struìþns jaepcntks hn jaea jrdkr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks .
 

D`trahuìêa

A ha`a hn uek hks ekdarns neprnsks hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns ha pkås ‚ k Vul

Vn`avktd`l, k qukc ktn`hn ks ërnks entrapacdtk`ks has nstkhas ja`tåluas hn
@avk Darqun, @avk Onrsny n Ja``njtdjut ‚ vnda en pnhdr kouhk. Nssk ä uek
neprnsk jae :2 edc jcdn`tns qun vd`mk pnrjnfn`ha qun as nsiarìas pkrk
ja`qudstkr `avas jcdn`tns nstkvke sn tar`k`ha jkhk vnz en`as nidjkzns ka
ca`la has k`as. [ukcqunr ha`a hn `nlújda qun nstnok cn`ha dssa
pravkvncen`tn `atau a ensea prafcnek.
Kpnskr hn mkvnr en prajurkha jae k d`tn`ìêa hn ja`qudstkr ekds jcdn`tns,
ed`mk prdendrk rnkìêa iad hnsjafrdr sn ncn mkvdk atdedzkha as jcdn`tns oë
nxdstn`tns. Rnrlu`tnd k ncn jae qun irnquï`jdk snus jcdn`tns nintdvas
jaeprkvke. Ncn rnspa`hnu? –Ncns jaeprke uek vnz k jkhk trïs k`as.
N`vdkeas jupa`s n hnsja`tas irnqun`tnen`tn, eks as `ÿenras `êa euhke―.
Rnrlu`tnd? –A qun vajï kjmkrdk sn snus jcdn`tns ktukds jaeprkssne huks
vnzns par k`a ne vnz hn uek vnz k jkhk trïs k`as1― Ncn idjau eudta k`dekha
jae k dhndk, eks `n`muek kfarhklne k`tnrdar mkvdk iu`jda`kha.
Jaea quksn tahk neprnsk ha eu`ha qun vn`hn snrvdìas hn cdepnzk hn
jkrpntns, nssk neprnsk nstkvk usk`ha hkhas hn prahuta ne snu prajnssa hn
vn`hks. Hkhas hn prahuta sêa eudta hdrntas n tne pauja vkcar nstrktäldja.
Dssa ä ue hkha hn prahuta? –@ús cdepkeas ] entras qukhrkhas hn jkrpntn
par T húckrns―. Eks khdjda`kr hkhas hn enrjkha pahn tar`kr as hkhas hn
prahuta eudta ekds pahnrasas. Jaea vajï kprn`hnrë `a Jkpåtuca Znds, tahk
neprnsk pahn rkhdjkcen`tn iartkcnjnr snu ektnrdkc hn vn`hks n ekrgntd`l ka
khdjda`kr hkhas hn enrjkha.
Nssns sêa as iktas qun jacntkeas pkrk nssk neprnsk hn jkrpntns?

IKXA? As jkrpntns iu`jda`ke jaea ue idctra ldlk`tn, jkpturk`ha pú,

suondrk, fkjtärdks, púcn`, ëjkras hn pú, snus hnontas n k fkjtärdks qun sn
kcden`tke hnssns hnontas.
Nstuhas lavnr`ken`tkds eastrke qun quk`ha sn rneavne as
jkrpntns has prähdas, ks pnssaks idjke han`tns jae uek irnquï`jdk
quktra vnzns ekdar. Eks, jaea qukcqunr idctra, snus tkpntns tar`ke-sn
 

skturkhas n d`nidjkzns jae a tnepa ‚ jrdk`ha k `njnssdhkhn hn uek

cdepnzk praidssda`kc hn qukcdhkhn. N `ne ensea kspdrkr hdkrdken`tn
ektk ks fkjtärdks prnsks `a jkrpntn.
A NRK (N`vdra`en`tkc Rratnjtda` Kln`jy - klï`jdk hn pratnìêa ka
enda kefdn`tn) vnrdidjau qun k cdepnzk praidssda`kc hn jkrpntns a
hndxk ;.>22 vnzns ekds cdepa qun kspdrkr tahas as hdks. A vkpar
h—ëluk ne kctk tnepnrkturk uskha pncas praidssda`kds ektk as lnrens n
ks fkjtärdks qun sn pracdinrke ne suk jksk.

Nssn ä ue nxnepca hn jaea as hkhas hn enrjkha pahne eatdvkr ks

jaeprks quk`ha ks pnssaks kjmke qun `ne prnjdske ha prahuta. Hkhas ha
prahuta tkds jaea? –@ús vn`hneas snrvdìas hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntn― kpn`ks
ktrkd kquncks pnssaks qun kjmke qun prnjdske hn kcluäe pkrk cdepkr snus
jkrpntns `kquncn eaen`ta. A qun eatdvk k ekdardk hks pnssaks k cdepkr snus
jkrpntns ä ikznr jae snu kspnjta encmarn. Ks pnssaks skfne pauja safrn
jaea nssk cdepnzk pahn tar`kr suks jksks ne ue kefdn`tn ekds skuhëvnc.
Nssn ikta pasdjda`k k cdepnzk hn jkrpntn `a ensea `åvnc hn departæ`jdk hn
cnvkr ks jrdk`ìks ka eähdja pkrk ikznrne snus nxkens eähdjas hn ratd`k
k`ukcen`tn.
Nssk ä uek neprnsk qun iad kcäe has hkhas hn prahuta pkrk nstuhkr jkhk
kspnjta hk cdepnzk hn jkrpntns, d`jcud`ha nstuhas ha lavnr`a safrn k
qukcdhkhn hn cdepnzk ha kr hn`tra hks rnsdhï`jdks. Jae fksn `ks pnsqudsks
ha NRK (Klï`jdk hn Rratnìêa Kefdn`tkc), jrdkeas ue ja`jndta jmkekha hn
–Znrvdìa Lachn`―. A afontdva iad ea`tkr ue jkcn`hërda pnrsa`kcdzkha pkrk
jkhk jcdn`tn hn iarek qun snus jkrpntns iassne cdepas k jkhk snds ensns.
A ha`a hk neprnsk nstkvk eudta nepaclkha jae nssn ja`jndta ha Znrvdìa
Lachn`. Nu tkefäe nstkvk. @ús hads pahåkeas jkcjuckr a cujra n n`tn`hnr a
quk`ta nssk dhndk sdl`didjkrdk pkrk ncn sn rnkcen`tn iu`jda`kssn. Iud
ja`trktkha pkrk n`ja`trkr uek lrk`hn skjkhk n hn ikta kjmnd qun nu mkvdk
ktn`hdha k nssk nxpnjtktdvk! K vdtúrdk nrk ed`mk. ^sk`ha as hkhas hn
enrjkha, nu jrdnd ue ratndra hn vn`hks ainrnjn`ha a Znrvdìa Lachn` pkrk qun
a snu iu`jda`ërda ekds prahutdva tnsskssn par uek snek`k. @k snek`k
snlud`tn en rnu`d jae k nqudpn d`tndrk ne uek tncnja`inrï`jdk jae a hdrntar
nxnjutdva nsjutk`ha. A hdëcala snludu-sn hnssk ek`ndrk?

JMNX? N n`têa, jaea iad1

 

VNRVNZN@XK@XN HN YN@HKZ? @êa iu`jda`au.

JMNX? @êa iu`jda`au1
VNRVNZN@XK@XN HN YN@HKZ? @êa. @êa iu`jda`au.
JMNX? Fne, n k quk`tks pnssaks vajï ainrnjnu a `ava snrvdìa1
VNRVNZN@XKX@N HN YN@HKZ? Nu a ainrnjd k ;2 pnssaks.
JMNX? N `d`luäe a jaeprau1
VNRVNZN@XK@XN HN YN@HKZ?  Fne, kpn`ks huks pnssaks a
jaeprkrke.

Rkrk a rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks, k pnrjnpìêa nrk hn qun adta `êas hn ;2

tn`tktdvks hn vn`hks tar`au a ja`jndta ne ue irkjkssa. Eks sn vajï idznr as
jëcjucas, vnrë qun më :2 edc jcdn`tns jaeprk`ha uek vnz k jkhk trïs k`as
tatkcdzkrë n`têa kpraxdekhken`tn ;2 edc vn`hks par k`a. Klark dekld`n 9
edc jcdn`tns khdjda`kds (enras 62%) jaeprk`ha huks vnzns par k`a. A qun
dssa sdl`didjkrdk pkrk nssk neprnsk1 Znrdk ue kuen`ta n`aren hn vacuen.
Eks sn hnpn`hnssn hkquncn rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks, k dhndk tnrdk earrdha
kcd ensea. Zêa `nssns eaen`tas qun uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n
hntnred`kìêa ikzne k hdinrn`ìk n`trn k enhdajrdhkhn n k nxjncï`jdk. Hn ikta,
cnvau snds ensns hn afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa pkrk ikznr jae qun
jkhk vn`hnhar ainrnjnssn kquncn snrvdìa k jkhk jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, k jkhk
cdlkìêa. Ä kqud a`hn k ekdardk has nxnjutdvas ikcmk. Ja`strudr uek eëqud`k
hn vn`hks `êa sn trktk hn ikznr 8 edc jadsks trktk-sn hn ikznr ;6 jadsks 8 edc
vnzns, jkhk uek.
Kpn`ks uek mark par snek`k euhau k vdhk hnssn hdrntar nxnjutdva. Ncn sn
jaepraentnu k hnhdjkr uek mark par snek`k pkrk kpnrindìakr n d`tnlrkr a
ja`jndta ha Znrvdìa Lachn`. @êa iad iëjdc ‚ cnvau snds hdsjdpcd`khas ensns
pkrk n`rkdzkr nssn ja`jndta ne jkhk kspnjta ha `nlújda. Eks, cnefrn-sn hn
qun iarke snds ensns hn kpn`ks uek mark par snek`k.
snek`k. Xahk snlu`hk-indrk
rncdldasken`tn âs ;<m, k neprnsk d`tndrk sn rnu`dk pkrk ikckr safrn jaea nssn
ja`jndta pahnrdk snr ekds nidjkz, jaea pahnråkeas ikjdcdtkr kpcdjkìêa pkrk as
vn`hnharns, qun dhndks as vn`hnharns td`mke pkrk ikznr dssa ekds
nidjkzen`tn, n kssde par hdk`tn. A iaja hkqunck mark nrk nxjcusdvken`tn k
d`tnlrkìêa jaepcntk hnssn ja`jndta ne tahks ks ërnks hk neprnsk.
K depcnen`tkìêa ha Znrvdìa Lachn` `êa kpn`ks kuen`tau ks vn`hks, eks
tkefäe nstkfdcdzau k neprnsk. K`tns, a ha`a idjkvk tahas as ensns `k
nxpnjtktdvk hn qun as jcdn`tns rnspa`hnssne ks suks ekcks hdrntks, eks
 

hnpads ncn skfdk `a jaenìa ha eïs quk`tks pnssaks sn rnldstrkrke `a Znrvdìa

Lachn`. Dssa tar`au k neprnsk ekds nstëvnc ne tahas as kspnjtas n
trk`siareau suk pnriarek`jn hn vn`hks.
[uk`ha jaenjnd k trkfkcmkr jae k nqudpn hn vn`hks, a rnprnsn`tk`tn jae
a en`ar `ÿenra hn vn`hks nstkvk trkzn`ha $;: edc par eïs n k eähdk has
vn`hnharns nrk $:> edc. [uk`ha tnred`nd enu trkfkcma jae ncns, a
rnprnsn`tk`tn qun vn`hdk en`as trkzdk $84 edc par eïs n a qun vn`hdk ekds
trkzdk $;22 edc par eïs. K pnriarek`jn hn vn`hks hafrau. @a jaenìa, a
pnssakc hn vn`hks rnsdstdu ks ed`mks dhndks ka eëxdea kpnskr hn nstkrne
rnjnfn`ha jaedssêa.
Nssk neprnsk rnid`au snu prajnssa hn vn`hks ktä prktdjken`tn cnvë-ca â
pnrindìêa hn`tra hkquncns snds ensns. Xahas qun nstdvnrne cn`ha dssa
pahnrêa ikznr a ensea. Eks ks vn`hks sêa kpn`ks uek pnqun`k iktdk ha
taha. Rkrk qun vajï passk tar`kr-sn uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks ,
vajï rnkcen`tn prnjdskrë tnr jaepntï`jdk ne cdhnrk`ìk, khed`dstrkìêa n
ekrgntd`l.
Nssn cdvra hntkcmkrë tuha dssa jae uek cd`luklne hdrntk n jae nxnepcas
prëtdjas nxpcdjkhas hn tahas as æ`lucas. N k encmar pkrtn ä qun vajï `êa tnrë
qun trkfkcmkr hura par dssa7 eks sde trkfkcmkr jae ekds d`tncdlï`jdk.
Yajï pahnrë encmarkr praiu`hken`tn suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta jksa
vn`mk k sn jaepraentnr k hnhdjkr uek mark au huks par snek`k
rncdldasken`tn, a`hn vajï `êa ikìk ekds `khk k `êa snr trkfkcmkr pkrk ikznr
snu `nlújda eudta ekds nidjkz. Ka ca`la hnstn cdvra, vajï kprn`hnrë
nxktken`tn a qun ikznr hurk`tn nssk mark.
@êa snrë hdiåjdc kpcdjkr ks nstrktäldks hnstn cdvra au trk`siarekr snu
`nlújda ne uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks . K jmkvn ä kprn`hnr n
prktdjkr k afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa. Yajï prnjdskrë iajkr-sn n
rniarìkr-sn ja`td`uken`tn `ks ;6 ërnks qun hntkcmkrnd. Hn iarek k ikjdcdtkr
nssn prajnssa, hdvdhd nssn cdvra ne ;6 jkpåtucas, jkhk ue iajkha ne uek hks
;6 nstrktäldks jae nxnepcas n nxnrjåjdas qun tar`krêa snu `nlújda nxjncn`tn
n kuen`tkrêa suks vn`hks n cujras jaea vajï okekds dekld`au.
^e hn enus jcdn`tns tne eudtk ikjdcdhkhn ne kprn`hnr n nstë sneprn
jaeprk`ha ks ÿctdeks `avdhkhns ne cdvras au pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta. Ncn
auvdu uek hn ed`mks kprnsn`tkìþns ne uek ja`inrï`jdk, lastau ha qun nu
hdssn n ensnus
n`trnvdstnd ja`trktau pkrk ikznr
iu`jda`ërdas, uek kuhdtardk
ncns nstkvke ne sukrd`ha
prktdjken`tn neprnsk. [uk`ha
hn ede. Rkrk
 

ncns, nu nrk kpn`ks k ÿctdek eahk. Ja`tkrke-en qun a jmnin hncns oë mkvdk
uskha ;22 pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta hdinrn`tns, eks `u`jk ja`snludu qun
`n`mue iassn depcnen`tkha prk vkcnr.
A d`lrnhdn`tn qun ikctkvk pkrk nssn jcdn`tn n pkrk quksn tahas as ekds hn ;
edc jcdn`tns jae as qukds nu oë trkfkcmnd `k encmardk hn `nlújdas, nrk uek
afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa. @ús tahas rnjnfneas faks dhndks hn
pkcnstrks, cdvras, pralrkeks hn rëhda n lurus hn jrnsjden`ta hn `nlújdas. A
prafcnek ä qun k ekdardk hks neprnsks `êa skfn jaea dhn`tdidjkr n khkptkr
ks encmarns dhndks kas snus `nlújdas. K depcnen`tkìêa, `êa ks dhndks, ä k
jmkvn pkrk a vnrhkhndra sujnssa.
Nssn cdvra nstë jmnda hn dhndks nxjncn`tns, hnsn`vacvdhks `as jkepas hn
fktkcmk ha jkpdtkcdsea. Eks, ekds departk`tn qun dssa, nssn cdvra a kouhkrë k
kprn`hnr ks ek`ndrks hn jaea nssks dhndks sn ek`dinstkrêa hn`tra hn suk
arlk`dzkìêa, nspnjdkcen`tn ne snus cujras. ^ek vnz qun vajï jaenjn k
trkfkcmkr jae ks nstrktäldks hn jkhk jkpåtuca, vajï vnrë qun `êa sn trktk
kpn`ks safrn depcnen`tkr ks dhndks `nstn cdvra. K mkfdcdhkhn hn depcnen`tkr
qukcqunr dhndk qun vajï kprn`hk ne qukcqunr culkr snrë rkhdjkcen`tn
fn`nidjdkhk jae jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha kprnsn`tkhk kqud.
Rar nxnepca, `a Jkpåtuca ^e vajï kprn`hnrë k jaea atdedzkr k
prahutdvdhkhn `k khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa ne jkhk `åvnc hn suk arlk`dzkìêa.
K khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa n a ja`tracn ha `åvnc hn prahutdvdhkhn n
pnriarek`jn has iu`jda`ërdas sêa jaepntï`jdks nspnjåidjks qun paujks
neprnsks haed`ke tatkcen`tn. Hdlkeas qun vajï ikìk ue útdea jursa hn
trnd`ken`ta maon. Yajï vactkrë ka snu nsjrdtúrda, kpcdjkrë as prd`jåpdas n vnrë
qun ncns rnkcen`tn iu`jda`ke. Eks sn vactkreas ne trïs ensns pkrk vnrdidjkr
jaea tuha nstë d`ha, vnrneas qun vajï nstkrë usk`ha eudta pauja, au `khk,
hks d`iarekìþns qun iarke kprn`hdhks `kquncn trnd`ken`ta dsackha. Dssa sn
jmkek –trnd`ken`ta hn nvn`ta―. Yajï vkd k ue nvn`ta, rnjnfn kclue
trnd`ken`ta n rntar`k ka snu nsjrdtúrda. Yajï kpcdjk kclu`s has ja`jndtas n
vnrdidjk qun kclu`s hncns rnkcen`tn iu`jda`ke, eks vajï rkpdhken`tn as
kfk`ha`k. Dssa kja`tnjn parqun vajï `êa tne k afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n
hntnred`kìêa qun tar`ke uek neprnsk au ue hnpkrtken`ta rnkcen`tn
nxjncn`tns.
 

Xrkfkcmkr Jae Ekds D`tncdlï`jdk, @êa Ekds Hura

Ne ja`inrï`jdks n pkcnstrks, sneprn pnrlu`ta k ed`mk pcktndk, –[une kqud
`nstk skck lastkrdk hn ikznr suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta jrnsjnr ;2 vnzns
ekds ha qun snu tkek`ma ktukc1― @arekcen`tn, 44% hk pcktndk cnvk`tk k
eêa. N n`têa hdla, –Ek`tn`mke suks eêa cnvk`tkhk sn puhnrne trkfkcmkr ;2
vnzns ekds marks au ;2 vnzns ekds hura ha qun vajïs trkfkcmke klark―.
Xahks ks eêas vêa pkrk fkdxa. K qunstêa ä? Më neprnsks n hnpkrtken`tas
qun sêa ;2 vnzns ekdarns qun as snus, n vajï skfn qun ncns `êa nstêa
trkfkcmk`ha ;2 marks k ekds qun vajï. Ncns nstêa kpn`ks trkfkcmk`ha jae
ekds d`tncdlï`jdk.
 K Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks 
Yn`hks  trktk-sn nxjcusdvken`tn safrn trkfkcmkr
jae ekds d`tncdlï`jdk n `êa ekds hura. @êa pkrnjn snr ekds d`tncdln`tn
kpnrindìakr ;6 nstrktäldks jaepravkhks, ha qun n`rackr-sn taha usk`ha
jn`tn`ks hn dhndks hdinrn`tns sne `n`muek ja`nxêa n`trn ncks1 Nssn cdvra ä
pkrk nxnjutdvas, hdrntarns nxnjutdvas, neprnn`hnharns n praidssda`kds jaea
eähdjas, hn`tdstks n khvalkhas. Ä pkrk as lnrn`tns d`tnrenhdërdas,
vn`hnharns n rnprnsn`tk`tns hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar. Vnsued`ha, ä
pkrk tahas qun ktuke `k hdrnìêa, `a ekrgntd`l, `ks vn`hks n `k hdrnìêa hn
uek neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta. Ncn ainrnjn a tdpa hn d`iarekìêa n nstrktäldks
qun sêa nssn`jdkds pkrk tahas qun nstêa `a jkepa hn fktkcmk cutk`ha pkrk
kuen`tkr n iartkcnjnr snu `nlújda au hnpkrtken`ta.
Jaepravkha par hdvnrsks mdstúrdks hn sujnssa, jaea k neprnsk hn cdepnzk
hn jkrpntns, k kfarhklne hk Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks ä k juced`kìêa
hn tahks
ar`kds ks ed`mks
n indrks nxpnrdï`jdks
neprnskrdkds `a jkepaJmkrcdn
pkrk a fdcda`ërda hn fktkcmk. Oë Iud
Eu`lnr. hdrdld rnvdstks,
ha`a hn ;8
`nlújdas. Nstuhnd jkrktï n kfrd uek nsjack hn jkrktï ne Xdens Zqukrn.
Xkefäe oë vn`hd enus snrvdìas pnssakcen`tn k ekds hn 92 neprnsks Iartu`n
>22 n quksn ; edc autras jcdn`tns. Id`kcen`tn, oë trnd`nd edcmþns hn ha`as hn
`nlújdas n iu`jda`ërdas par enda hn ja`inrï`jdks, krtdlas n enus 9> prahutas
hn trnd`ken`ta, as qukds nstêa â vn`hk klark ne ekds hn 62 pkåsns.
DERAVXK@XN? Nstruturnd nssn cdvra hk ensek iarek qun vajï hnvnrdk
nstruturkr snu `nlújda. Jaenìa ikck`ha safrn jaea arlk`dzkr suk neprnsk
pkrk atdedzkr a tnepa hn tahas. Ne snludhk, ikckrnd hn trnd`ken`ta n snu
pkpnc jråtdja ne qukcqunr arlk`dzkìêa, hnshn nxärjdtas hn ue maene sú ks
 

ekdarns neprnsks ha eu`ha. Jaea sau kutar, nu pahnrdk tnr jaenìkha jae
ue ektnrdkc ekds ktrkn`tn n patn`tn. Eks kjrnhdta qun k jadsk jnrtk k snr indtk
n k encmar iarek hn snrvdr vajï ä jaenìkr jae ks pnhrks iu`hken`tkds qun
vajï prnjdsk
vajï  prnjdsk pkrk
 pkrk nstruturkr suk neprnsk hn iarek k aftnr sujnssa ne ca`la
prkza.
Vnu`dþns? Autrk pnhrk iu`hken`tkc. Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun td`mk rnu`dþns
tnrråvnds, n`têa ncns sdepcnsen`tn pkrkrke hn tnr rnu`dþns. @n`muek rnu`dêa,
`u`jk. ^ku. Dssa ä a qun nu jmkea hn `êa snpkrkr a oada ha trdla. A`hn sn
kprn`hn k hdrdldr uek útdek rnu`dêa1 Ne `n`mue culkr. Rartk`ta, dssa nstë
kqud `nstn cdvra. Vnu`dþns sêa útdeks sn vajï skfn jaea cdhnrë-cks fne, n `a
Jkpåtuca Xrïs nu eastrkrnd k vajï k jaea snr ue enstrn hn rnu`dþns.
Iar`njnrnd hntkcmns hn jaea hdrdldr nspcï`hdhks rnu`dþns qun tnrêa ue
depkjta praiu`ha ne suk neprnsk.
Hnpads hnssns trïs jkpåtucas, vajï tnrë suks pnhrks iu`hken`tkds. K nssk
kcturk vajï nstkrë prnpkrkha pkrk tar`kr-sn ue nstrktnldstk kctken`tn
qukcdidjkha. A Jkpåtuca [uktra euhkrë suk vdhk. Kharkrdk jaenìkr par nssn
jkpåtuca, oë qun ä k cdìêa ekds departk`tn qun qukcqunr pnssak hn `nlújdas
pahn kprn`hnr, eks nstruturnd nssn cdvra hk ek`ndrk qun suk neprnsk hnvnrdk
snr nstruturkhk. Rasdjda`n suks pnhrks iu`hken`tkds jarrntken`tn n hnpads
ja`struk snus krrk`mk-jäus.
K pkrtdr hnssn jkpåtuca, a cdvra hnjack, n`sd`k`ha tahas as kspnjtas prëtdjas
pkrk encmarkr ks vn`hks, a ekrgntd`l n k ja`trktkìêa qun vajï n`ja`trkrë ne
44.4% has `nlújdas. Ks nstrktäldks, ks hdjks n as d`sdlmts qun usnd pkrk
kouhkr k trk`siarekr neprnsks enhåajrns au han`tns ne mdstúrdks hn sujnssa
â pravk hn fkck nstêa fne kqud `nstn cdvra. Rnredtk qun nssn snok snu ludk
pkrk trk`siarekr snu `nlújda `k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks .
 

As Znlrnhas hk Khed`dstrkìêa ha Xnepa has

Fdcda`ërdas
Jaea Atdedzkr Zuk Rrahutdvdhkhn
Ikznr a Ensea n Kouhkr Zuk Nqudpn k

Nu hnsn`vacvd nssn sdstnek hn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa `k äpajk ne qun

hdrdldk `avn hdvdsþns pkrk a fdcda`ërda Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr. Zneprn prajura
ja`trktkr pnssaks nspnrtks, nstrktnldjken`tn klrnssdvks n jrdktdvks7
`kturkcen`tn, nssks pnssaks ja`stk`tnen`tn en prajurkvke pkrk
jaepkrtdcmkr `avks dhndks, qunstþns n prnajupkìþns. Ekds tkrhn, kprn`hd qun
`d`luäe hnvnrdk tnr ekds qun snds sufarhd`khas hdrntas, eks `kqunck äpajk
nu td`mk kcla ne tar`a hn 66. Ja`snqun`tnen`tn, nu nstkvk quksn sneprn
rnkld`ha âs `njnssdhkhns ha enu pnssakc par ktn`ìêa. N`ja`trkvk-en ne
eaha rnktdva prktdjken`tn a tnepa taha. Xrkfkcmkvk sntn hdks par snek`k ‚ 
hn ;2 k ;6 marks par hdk `a nsjrdtúrda, cdhk`ha jae d`tnrrupìþns n, n`têa, nu
dk pkrk jksk rnkcdzkr taha a prajnssa jrdktdva hn iarek k ek`tnr a trkfkcma
icud`ha fne.
Nu en hnd ja`tk hn qun tnrdk qun kprn`hnr k khed`dstrkr enu tnepa hn
iarek nidjkz, partk`ta en ektrdjucnd ne ue jursa hn khed`dstrkìêa ha
tnepa. Hurk`tn as 62 prdendras ed`utas, a d`strutar hdstrdfudu uek pck`dcmk
d`strud`ha-`as k rnldstrkr `nck a `assa tnepa hurk`tn as prúxdeas trïs ensns.
Ka id`kc hnssns trïs ensns, hnvnråkeas tnr dhn`tdidjkha a`hn nstëvkeas
pnrhn`ha `assa tnepa. Zn`ha nu uek pnssak qun hdrdld `avn hdvdsþns,
suspdrnd iu`ha n pn`snd jaedla ensea? –Zn nu tdvnssn tnepa pkrk rnldstrkr
enu tnepa hurk`tn trïs ensns, `êa prnjdskrdk hn ue jursa hn khed`dstrkìêa
ha tnepa―. Cnvk`tnd-en n hndxnd k skck hn ja`inrï`jdks.
Ka ca`la has k`as, jrdnd uek hdvdsêa hn lnrn`jdken`ta ha tnepa qun
ja`sdstn ne snds sdepcns pkssas qun cnvke jd`ja ed`utas pkrk snrne
jaepcntkhas. Rar qun1 Rarqun uek fak khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa `êa hnvnrdk

cnvkr hnstn
jurta eudtacdvra.
tnepa pkrk snr rnkcdzkhk. N ä par dssa qun nssn jkpåtuca ä a ekds
 

Nssn jkpåtuca kprnsn`tkrë snds sdepcns pkssas pkrk khed`dstrkr a tnepa.

Ncns snrêa eudta cúldjas n vajï as n`tn`hnrë par jaepcnta. Yajï ja`jarhkrë
jae tahas as prd`jåpdas n rnja`mnjnrë qun ncns jnrtken`tn encmarkrêa suk
prahutdvdhkhn. Eks vajï tnrdk uek hdsjdpcd`k afstd`khk a suidjdn`tn pkrk
hnhdjkr jd`ja ed`utas tahas as hdks hn iarek k kssuedr a ja`tracn ha snu
tnepa1 N sn tdvnr vajï n`têa tnrdk uek hdsjdpcd`k kd`hk ekds afstd`khk pkrk
ek`tnr-sn idnc ka snu pck`noken`ta `a hnjarrnr ha hdk1 Zn vajï ä rnspa`sëvnc
par uek nqudpn, tnrdk uek hdsjdpcd`k suidjdn`tnen`tn afstd`khk pkrk pacdjdkr
as snus d`tnlrk`tns k snludr nssns snds sdepcns pkssas1 Zn k rnspastk iar sde,
as lk`mas snrêa n`arens.
Ykeas jaenìkr!
Ne lnrkc, vajï iu`jda`k ne eaha rnktdva au praktdva1 Rar nxpnrdï`jdk
prúprdk, kjrnhdta qun k ekdardk has nxnjutdvas `êa tne tnepa pkrk pck`nokr n
kldr parqun taha a snu tnepa ä ja`suedha ka rnkldr k `nlújdas oë
ja`sacdhkhas. Rkrk trk`siarekr suk neprnsk ne uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn
Yn`hks , prnjdskrë ek`tnr-sn ne eaha praktdva ja`stk`tnen`tn. K
khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa ä jrujdkc.
Dekld`n jaea snrdk sn vajï iassn rnpn`td`ken`tn d`juefdha hk hdrntardk
au hk prnsdhï`jdk hn uek neprnsk hn $>2 fdcmþns. As hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn
neprnsks ldlk`tns tïe ekds marks ne snu hdk qun vajï1 Ä jckra qun `êa. Eks
ncns prnjdske haed`kr nssk jaepntï`jdk jrujdkc? K khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa.
Ncns prnjdske snr enstrns `k krtn hn khed`dstrkr snu prúprda tnepa n ek`tnr
as sdstneks ne hdk pkrk jnrtdidjkr-sn qun tahas ne suk arlk`dzkìêa tkefäe
snoke trnd`khas ne khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa. ^ek vnz qun vajï n`tn`hk as
snlrnhas hn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa qun vdkfdcdzke k lnstêa hn uek neprnsk
euctdfdcda`ërdk, vajï `êa tnrë hdidjuchkhns ne khed`dstrkr suks ktdvdhkhns hn
vn`hks, sn nssk iar suk ktdvdhkhn, au hn jkpkjdtkr suk neprnsk au
hnpkrtken`ta k iu`jda`kr ne suk eëxdek prahutdvdhkhn.

Enu D`sdlmt hn Lnrn`jdken`ta ha Xnepa

Xahas `ús ja`mnjneas kclue –lnrn`tn hn ue ed`uta―. Rads fne, nu nrk a
lnrn`tn ha –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma1―. Xahas as hdks, a hdk taha, vërdas
d`tnlrk`tns hn ed`mk nqudpn en prajurkvke pkrk pnrlu`tkr sn nu tnrdk ue
 

ed`utd`ma pkrk ja`vnrskr n, oustken`tn `kquncn d`stk`tn, nu nrk ja`vajkha k

uek rnu`dêa hn –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma―. Hn ikta, tahk k neprnsk
iu`jda`kvk `k fksn ha –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma―. Enus iu`jda`ërdas
n`ja`trkvke-sn ne eaha rnktdva a hdk d`tndra. Kpnskr hn mkvnr kuen`tkha
jae sujnssa jkhk uek hks ed`mks hdvdsþns ne ktä ;22 % ne kpn`ks hn ;6 k
;> ensns kpús kssued-cks, nu nstkvk iark hn ja`tracn n ne eaha rnktdva
hurk`tn ;22% ha tnepa. Vnjnfnr ;> ikx par hdk nrk kcla `arekc, ktä ensea
hurk`tn ed`mks iärdks ka Mkvkå (dssa nrk k`tns hn a n-ekdc tar`kr-sn a ekds
`ava lkstkhar hn tnepa).
Ne ja`trkstn, quk`ha nu qunrdk tnr uek rnu`dêa jae a Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr,
prnjdskvk cdlkr pkrk suk snjrntërdk n kln`hkr ue marërda. Nu prnjdskvk tnr uek
kln`hk eudta rdlarask, nstkr arlk`dzkha n `êa pahdk en ktrkskr. Xahks ks
rnu`dþns nrke kctken`tn prahutdvks n hdrntks ka pa`ta. N n`têa en hnd ja`tk
qun prnjdskvk taekr ks rähnks ha enu tnepa n has d`tnlrk`tns hk ed`mk
nqudpn. N, kpús kclu`s k`as trkfkcmk`ha ;6 marks hdërdks taha sk`ta hdk,
d`jcud`ha as id`s hn snek`k, nu tdvn ue d`sdlmt? Rkrk hdrdldr n lnrn`jdkr ks
hdvdsþns saf ed`mk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn jae sujnssa7 prnjdskvk snr ekds
arlk`dzkha n en`as rnktdva. Idxnd `k pkrnhn ue eneark`ha qun
iarekcen`tn hkvk ide ka enu nstdca hn lnrn`jdken`ta ha –vajï-tne-ue-
ed`utd`ma―. Dssa ä a qun nstkvk nsjrdta?

Rkrk? Ed`mk Nqudpn

Hn? Jmnt
@êa fktk â ed`mk partk pkrk pnrlu`tkr sn tn`ma ue ed`utd`ma. K
rnspastk snrë `êa. K en`as qun snok urln`tn, lukrhne tahas snus
pn`sken`tas, hÿvdhks, dhndks, qunstþns au prnajupkìþns (`êa urln`tns)
ktä k rnu`dêa snek`kc hk hdvdsêa. Kfkdxa nstë uek cdstk jae a marërda
hnssks rnu`dþns. Jksa ja`trërda hdspa`dfdcdzkrnd hads marërdas par hdk
quk`ha kjndtkrnd rnu`dþns hn –vajï-tne-ue ed`utd`ma―. Zn suks
`njnssdhkhns `êa puhnrne nspnrkr ktä k rnu`dêa snek`kc, nsjrnvk snu
`aen `k cdstk ha –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma― n tnrneas rnu`dþns rëpdhks
hn ;2 ed`utas.

@ús hdvdhdeas k neprnsk ne `avn –za`ks hn depkjta― rnkcdzkeas

n`ja`tras snek`kds hn uek mark ne jkhk ërnk. ^ek za`k hn depkjta ä
qukcqunr pkrtn hn suk neprnsk qun nxnrìk depkjta hdrnta safrn ks fksns hn
 

cujra hk neprnsk. Zuks za`ks hn depkjta pahne d`jcudr vn`hks, ktn`hden`ta

ka jcdn`tn, hnsn`vacvden`ta hn prahutas n ekrgntd`l, par nxnepca. Kide hn
encmarkr n kpnrindìakr jkhk uek hnssks ërnks, ä prnjdsa hnhdjkr-cmns uek
mark par snek`k, quk`ha tahas as n`vacvdhas passke ja`jn`trk-sn
nxjcusdvken`tn `k encmardk
encmardk hks
 hks rnspnjtdvks ërnks.
^ek vnz qun ks rnu`dþns iarke nstkfncnjdhks pkrk jkhk ërnk hn depkjta,
ed`mk nqudpn kprn`hnu k lukrhkr suks dhndks ktä k rnu`dêa kpraprdkhk, ne vnz
hn vdr ka enu nsjrdtúrda pkrk jaepkrtdcmë-cks â enhdhk qun ncks kpkrnjdke.
Nu ktä jacaqund ue fcaja hn k`atkìþns qun ja`td`mke ks pkckvrks –Jae a
Jmnt― `k pkrtn supnrdar. Ed`mk nqudpn tnrdk n`têa qun nsjrnvnr `a fcaja as
kssu`tas jae as qukds en d`tnrraepnrdke n lukrhë-ca `k lkvntk ktä k rnu`dêa
snek`kc.
A eneark`ha iad n`vdkha ne uek qud`tk-indrk, n nu en cnefra
pnrindtken`tn qun `k snxtk-indrk `d`luäe fktnu â ed`mk partk. Iad k prdendrk
vnz ne k`as qun dssa mkvdk kja`tnjdha, n nu `êa skfdk a qun ikznr jae taha
nssn tnepa d`d`tnrrupta. Nu pahdk nintdvken`tn en ja`jn`trkr `a nsjrdtúrda, n
`êa prnjdskrdk cnvkr pkrk jksk kqunck quk`tdhkhn n`aren hn trkfkcma pkrk snr
indtk k `adtn n hurk`tn a ide hn snek`k, jaea nrk hn jastuen. Nu klark en
hnpkrkvk jae uek jurvk hn kprn`hdzklne jaepcntken`tn `avk.
@d`luäe fktnu â ed`mk partk `k snxtk-indrk, eks, `k snlu`hk-indrk, a jkas
rnjaenìau. Rrnjdsnd tnr k afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa n hdsjdpcd`k pkrk trnd`kr
ed`mk nqudpn k snludr nssks rnlrks. [uk`ha kcluäe a prajurk sacdjdtk`ha
uek rnu`dêa hn –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma―, hnvn d`tnrraepï-cas irdken`tn n
hdznr? –Dssa ä kcla qun `êa pahn nspnrkr ktä k rnu`dêa snek`kc1― Ncns tn`tkrêa
hdrnjda`kr suk ktn`ìêa ka kssu`ta `kquncn eaen`ta n sn `êa tdvnr uek
afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k, enrlucmkrë hn jkfnìk `a kssu`ta hn denhdkta. Rar nssn
eatdva, nu prnjdsnd hdsjdpcd`kr k ede ensea n k ed`mk nqudpn pkrk lukrhkr
quksn tuha ktä ks rnu`dþns snek`kds.
[ukc iad k encmar pkrtn1 Ne vnz hn rnkldr kas `nlújdas hurk`tn <2 k =2
marks par snek`k, pkssnd k hdrdldr praktdvken`tn n k lnrn`jdkr ekds
nidjdn`tnen`tn hn iarek k ikznr k neprnsk jrnsjnr ne kpn`ks `avn `avn   marks
snek`kds7 tuha hnvdha â hdvdsêa qun idz hks ed`mks rnspa`skfdcdhkhns ne
`avn ërnks hn depkjta prd`jdpkds. Ka ja`trërda hks rnu`dþns ha –vajï-tne-
ue-ed`utd`ma―, ks rnu`dþns snek`kds pravkrke snr ekds prahutdvks parqun
nrke iarekds,
jkhk ërnk nstruturkhks
hn depkjta n vactkhks
jaepkrnjdke k rnsuctkhas.
ou`tas As d`tnlrk`tns
â suk hnsdl`khk rnu`dêa,jmkvn hn
partk`ta
 

lrk`hn pralrnssa pahdk snr aftdha. Xahks ks pnssaks qun prnjdskvke taekr a
prúxdea pkssa au snrne d`iarekhas safrn `assa ekds rnjn`tn pralrnssa
nstkvke prnsn`tns. Nu ek`td`mk `avn fcajas hn k`atkìþns (ue pkrk jkhk ërnk
hn depkjta) `as qukds nu taekvk `atk ha qun mkvdk sdha hdsjutdha n qune
mkvdk praentdha ikznr a qun k`tns hk prúxdek rnu`dêa.
Zde ‚ as kikznrns, tkrniks n prkzas hnvne snr hntnred`khas kpús jkhk
rnu`dêa. Eks k jmkvn ä `êa pnhdr eudta k snr indta. Ikìk as kvk`ìas
pnqun`as, eks ja`stk`tns. Zn vajï tne uek rnu`dêa snek`kc n ikz pnqun`as
kvk`ìas hn iarek d`jrnen`tkhk tahk snek`k, dekld`n k praiu`hk
trk`siarekìêa qun vajï aftnrë ne >6 snek`ks. Hkqud k ue k`a suk neprnsk,
hdvdsêa au hnpkrtken`ta pahnrë snr encmarkha hn iarek sufstk`jdkc.
Ynrneas ekds safrn dssa pkrk irn`tn.
Zn vajï hdrdln uek neprnsk hn lrk`hn partn, mkvnrë ekds ërnks hn
depkjta. Jnrtk vnz kouhnd ue nxnjutdva k hdvdhdr suk prúprdk neprnsk `ks
prd`jdpkds ërnks hn depkjta n d`djdktdvks `ks qukds ncn nstkvk trkfkcmk`ha. A
rnsuctkha iad ;< ërnks hn depkjta prd`jdpkds ‚ a qun sdl`didjk ;< rnu`dþns
snek`kds hn uek mark jkhk. Dssa pahn pkrnjnr caujurk pkrk ue nxnjutdva au
ha`a hn uek pnqun`k neprnsk, eks ä k ek`ndrk hn cnvkr suk neprnsk ka
prúxdea pktkekr sn nxdstdrne eudtks ktdvdhkhns kja`tnjn`ha ka ensea
tnepa. Nssn nxnjutdva nstkvk trkfkcmk`ha <2 marks par snek`k n aftn`ha
en`as rnsuctkhas ha qun quk`ha a idz hdvdhdr suk neprnsk ne ;< marks hn
rnu`dþns. Jkhk rnu`dêa kckvk`jau jkhk uek hks ërnks hn depkjta.
Ks hnjdsþns nrke taekhks snek`kcen`tn. Xuha qun nrk hn departæ`jdk nrk
trktkha tahk k snek`k. Xahas nstkvke ekds sktdsindtas. As iu`jda`ërdas hn
jkhk ërnk sn`tdke-sn ekds vkcardzkhas. K`tns hnssn pralrkek, kclu`s hncns
td`mke hn pnrsnludr a jmnin hurk`tn snek`ks pkrk aftnr rnspastks âs suks
pnrlu`tks au tnr suks qunstþns trktkhks. Rartk`ta, hdvdhk suk neprnsk ne
ërnks.

 Nxnrjåjda
Hnsjufrk qukds sêa ks ërnks hn depkjta ha snu `nlújda.
@arekcen`tn, sn vajï hdrdln ue hnpkrtken`ta, a prúprda
hnpkrtken`ta snrë suk ërnk hn depkjta. Eks sn vajï ä ue hdrntar
 

nxnjutdva au ue lnrn`tn lnrkc hn uek neprnsk hn eähda au lrk`hn

partn, tkcvnz tn`mk eudtks ërnks hn depkjta. Rkrk kouhë-ca k
dhn`tdidjë-cks ekds ikjdcen`tn, snlun uek cdstk hn ;> ërnks hn
depkjta hn autra hdrntar nxnjutdva jae qune trkfkcmnd?

;.
6. Yn`hks d`tnr`k
Nqudpn nxtnr`kshn tncnekrgntd`l
:. Ktdvdhkhns hn ekrgntd`l
8. Ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar
>. JVE (lnstêa hn rnckjda`ken`ta jae a jcdn`tn)
9. Jaeprks n iar`njnharns
<. Vnjnfden`ta n nxpnhdìêa
=. Ja`tracn hn d`vn`tërda
4. Ja`tks k rnjnfnr
;2. Hnpkrtken`ta pnssakc
;;. Xnj`acaldk
;6. Vnckìþns jae pkrjndras/vn`hnharns
;:. Vnckìþns jae pkrjndras/idcdkhas
;8. Nxpartkìþns
;>. D`djdktdvk hk Jkcdiúr`dk

Nssk ÿctdek d`djdktdvk nrk vactkhk pkrk ja`qudstkr ue `ava enrjkha. [un
d`djdktdvks vajï tne au hnvnrdk tnr1 Klark ikìk uek cdstk hks suks
suks ërnks
 ërnks hn
depkjta.

As Znds Rkssas pkrk uek Nxjncn`tn Khed`dstrkìêa ha

Xnepa
Më snds pkssas iu`hken`tkds pkrk uek nxjncn`tn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa.
Jacaqun nssns snds pkssas ne prëtdjk hdkrdken`tn n `êa kjrnhdtkrë `a quk`ta
vajï n suk nqudpn ja`snludrë rnkcdzkr ne ue tåpdja hdk hn trkfkcma.

Rkssa ;? Xaqun-a ^ek Ynz

 

Hdlk-en sn dssa cmn sak ikedcdkr. Yajï n`trk ne snu nsjrdtúrda n vï safrn
suk ensk trïs pkstks n huks jkrtks qun prnjdske snr trktkhks. Yajï kfrn k
prdendrk jkrtk n cï kclueks cd`mks. Cdhkr jae dssa jckrken`tn cnvkrë ekds
tnepa ha qun vajï pahn hdspa`dfdcdzkr `nstn eaen`ta. Yajï jacajk k jkrtk
hn ckha. Hn`tra hn uek hks pkstks më autrk tkrnik. Yajï jaenìk k rnsacvnr
nssk tkrnik, eks snu tncnia`n tajk. Ka ktn`hnr ka tncnia`n suk ktn`ìêa ä
hnsvdkhk hurk`tn ;2 k ;> ed`utas. Ne snludhk vajï vactk k trktkr hk pkstk,
eks, `nstn nxkta d`stk`tn, jmnlk ue n-ekdc. Yajï pkrk n a cï, a qukc ja`täe
uek autrk tkrnik qun tkefäe nxdln suk ktn`ìêa, eks rnqunr ekds tnepa ha
qun tne klark.
Zn vajï lkstk kpn`ks ;> ed`utas par hdk pkrk rnvdskr kssu`tas, rntaekr
tkrniks, rncnr hajuen`tas au n-ekdcs, hnspnrhdìkrë marks par k`a `ks qukds
`n`muek kìêa ä taekhk. Eudtas hn `assk nqudpn hnspnrhdìkrêa uek mark
hdërdk (hdspnrsks `a hnjarrnr ha hdk) rnvdsk`ha kssu`tas qun `êa rnjnfnrêa
`n`muek kìêa sdl`didjktdvk. Dssa sn tatkcdzk k snds snek`ks hn
snek`ks hn tnepa pnrhdha
par k`a. Yajï lastkrdk hn khdjda`kr snds snek`ks nxtrks hn prahutdvdhkhn ka
k`a1 Khatkr k sdepcns rnlrk ha –taqun-a uek vnz― ne suk neprnsk,
u`tken`tn jae suk rnspnjtdvk d`irknstruturk hn kpada pkrk nssk pacåtdjk,
pahnrë hrkstdjken`tn kuen`tkr k prahutdvdhkhn hn jkhk iu`jda`ërda.
Zn vajï tajk ne kcla, kok. Nssn ä a prdendra pkssa ruea k uek nxjncn`tn
khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa. @êa kfrk kquncn n-ekdc au kqunck jkrtk ktä vajï
nstkr pra`ta pkrk cdhkr jae ncns. Ja`iaren nssk rnlrk iar jacajkhk ne
prëtdjk, vajï pnrjnfnrë qun quk`ta ekdar a `ÿenra hn krqudvas jrdkhas pkrk
arlk`dzkr a trkfkcma ne pralrnssa n quk`ta ekds arlk`dzkha iar nssn
prajnssa hn arlk`dzkìêa, ekdar snrë suk prahutdvdhkhn. Rar nxnepca,
dekld`neas qun nu kfrk ue n-ekdc n`vdkha pnck ed`mk neprnsk hn Vnckìþns
Rÿfcdjks sacdjdtk`ha ed`mk kpravkìêa pkrk ue jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk. Ark,
jaea tn`ma uek pkstk hnstd`khk k kssu`tas hn Vnckìþns Rÿfcdjks, nsjrnvnrnd
ne ed`mk cdstk hn kikznrns, –Kpravkr jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk. Ynr pkstk hn
VR―. Dssa ä a quêa arlk`dzkha vajï prnjdsk snr maon ne hdk.
K rnlrk ha taqun-a uek vnz ä jrujdkc pkrk khed`dstrkr krqudvas hn n-ekdcs.
A n-ekdc ä uek trnen`hk inrrken`tk, eks, sn vajï pnredtdr qun ncn tn
ja`tracn, ncn pahnrë krrud`kr suk khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa. K jmkvn pkrk uek
nxjncn`tn khed`dstrkìêa ha n-ekdc ä hn d`stdtudr uek pacåtdjk hn neprnsk qun
nxdlk tåtucas
ä kctnrkr fkstk`tn
a tåtuca hnsjrdtdvas
ha n-ekdc sneprnpkrk
qun tahas as n-ekdcs.
a ja`tnÿha euhkr.Autrk
Dssa ärnlrk qun nxdoa
jrujdkc.
 

Hdlkeas qun vajï n`vdn ue n-ekdc k kcluäe jae a tåtuca –Ne frnvn?
Nvn`ta hn trnd`ken`ta jae Jmnt Macens― n nck rnspa`hk?

Rkrk? Zmnrry
Hn? Eërjdk
Xåtuca? Ne frnvn?
Zde, nstkrnd Nvn`ta
prnsn`tn. hned`mk
Oë idz trnd`ken`ta jae
rnsnrvk. Jmnt Macens
K prapúsdta, vajï oë ikcau jae
a Hkvn safrn kquncn dtne `a arìken`ta qun nu mkvdk en`jda`kha1

A n-ekdc safrn a prafcnek jae a Hkvn vkd n vactk vërdks vnzns, eks a tåtuca
ja`td`uk sn`ha –Ne frnvn? nvn`ta hn trnd`ken`ta jae Jmnt Macens―.
^ek snek`k au huks ekds tkrhn, kcluäe cmn pnrlu`tk a qun kja`tnjnu
jae a Hkvn. ^e hnssns sntn n-ekdcs tne k rnspastk pkrk nssk departk`tn
pnrlu`tk, eks vajï tnrë hn kfrdr tahas as sntn pkrk n`ja`trkr nssk d`iarekìêa.
Rartk`ta, euhn a tåtuca ja`iaren a ja`tnÿha iar kctnrkha. Xahas as enus
jcdn`tns n iu`jda`ërdas prnjdske khnrdr k nssk rnlrk pkrk d`tnrkldr jaedla.
Hnssk ek`ndrk, tahas `k neprnsk pahnrêa hkr uek acmkhk rëpdhk ne ue n-
ekdc rnjäe-jmnlkha n taekr k hnjdsêa7 –Zn nu kfrdr nssn n-ekdc, pahnrnd cdhkr
jae ncn klark1― Jksa vajï kfrk kcla qun `êa passk snr rnsacvdha `kquncn
ensea d`stk`tn, krqudvn-a ne `k pkstk khnqukhk n rnhdrnjda`n k tkrnik pkrk
suk cdstk hn kikznrns (ikckrnd ekds ne frnvn safrn cdstks hn kikznrns).
Dssa hnvn snr n`iktdzkha? a n-ekdc pahn krrud`kr uek fak khed`dstrkìêa ha
tnepa. Kquncns kcnrtks sa`aras qun idjke ja`stk`tnen`tn fdpk`ha k jkhk
jmnlkhk hn ue n-ekdc ek`täe tahas `k neprnsk ne eaha rnktdva a hdk
d`tndra. [uk`ha vajï auvdr ue kcnrtk hn jmnlkhk, @ÊA kfrk a n-ekdc `ne a
rnspa`hk `kquncn nxkta eaen`ta. A n-ekdc nxdstn pkrk suk ja`vn`dï`jdk. Zn
`êa iar ja`vn`dn`tn, `êa a rnspa`hk.
K ja`jn`trkìêa ä jaea ue eÿsjuca qun sn iartkcnjn k jkhk vnz qun vajï
sn ja`jn`trk. Zn vajï d`tnrraepn suk ja`jn`trkìêa k jkhk eaen`ta qun ue
n-ekdc jmnlk au qun a tncnia`n tajk, vajï cdtnrkcen`tn hded`ud suk mkfdcdhkhn
hn ja`jn`trkìêa n sn tar`k en`as nidjkz ne qukcqunr sdtukìêa qun rnqundrk
ja`jn`trkìêa.
Afsnrvkìêa? Â enhdhk qun vajï snludr nssns snds pkssas, `êa sn d`jaeahn
sn vajï oë auvdu nssns ja`sncmas k`tns. Iaqun-sn ne kpcdjkr hdsjdpcd`k pkrk
depcnen`të-cas.
 

Rkssa 6? Ikìk Cdstks

Eudtks pnssaks jrdke cdstks jaea uek iarek hn ek`tnr-sn arlk`dzkhks. Zn
vajï `êa usk uek cdstk, pravkvncen`tn ä uek pnssak eudta rnktdvk. Cdstks a
kouhkrêa k ek`tnr-sn iajkha ne prdardhkhns n ne qunstþns kctken`tn
prahutdvks. ^skr uek cdstk hupcdjkrë suk prahutdvdhkhn d`stk`tk`nken`tn.
[uk`ha ed`dstra uek pkcnstrk safrn a kssu`ta, k`ha pnck skck n pnrlu`ta
quk`tks pnssaks uske cdstks. Ne snludhk, pnrlu`ta? –@arekcen`tn, suk cdstk
ja`täe quk`tas dtn`s1― Zneprn më kclueks pnssaks `k skck qun tne cdstks hn
6> dtn`s au ekds.
K jmkvn pkrk snr prahutdva ä iajkr-sn `as snds dtn`s ekds departk`tns qun
prnjdske snr indtas `kquncn hdk. Yajï pnrjnfnrë qun quk`ha sn tne uek cdstk
ca`lk, nck kjkfk tar`k`ha-sn k inrrken`tk pkrk khed`dstrkr snu tnepa.
[uk`ha vajï sn sn`tn prahutdva, vkd ktä suk cdstk, nsjacmn ue dtne n a

ja`jcud. Dssaksa tkrniks

inrrken`tk, ikz sn`tdr-sn
ekds fne.
iëjnds [uk`ha
n en`asuek cdstk ca`lk
prahutdvks ä uskhk
snrêa jaea
ja`jcuåhks
prdendra jae a d`tudta hn n`jurtë-ck. @a id`kc ha hdk, as dtn`s ekds
departk`tns pravkvncen`tn `êa tnrêa sdha ja`jcuåhas parqun sêa as ekds
hdiåjnds, as qun ja`saene ekds tnepa au kefas.
Cdstks ca`lks tkefäe sdl`didjke qun vajï `u`jk rdsjkrë tahas as dtn`s. Më
ue depkjta psdjacúldja `nlktdva quk`ha k cdstk `êa ä ja`jcuåhk. Eks mkvnrë
uek n`aren eatdvkìêa psdjacúldjk ka rdsjkr kquncn snxta dtne,
nspnjdkcen`tn quk`ha tahas ncns nrke ks jadsks ekds departk`tns k snrne
indtks `kquncn hdk.
Rartk`ta,
ja`jcuk nssnsk rnlrk ä? cdstn ks snds
dtn`s hdkrdken`tn n k jadsks ekdsjusta.
qukcqunr departk`tns
justa . Dssa `êak qunr
snrnehdznr
indtks
qunn
vajï `êa passk ek`tnr uek cdstk snju`hërdk jae tahas as autras dtn`s qun
prnjdske snr indtas. Ka pck`nokr jkhk hdk (k snr hdsjutdha k snludr), suk cdstk
ca`lk pahnrë snr uskhk jaea ue jkrhëpda hn a`hn nsjacmnr as snds dtn`s ekds
departk`tns pkrk kquncn hdk.

 Nxnrjåjda
Ikìk nssn nxnrjåjda klark n a d`jrnen`tkrneas â enhdhk qun vajï
 

cnr nssn jkpåtuca. Rnlun uek iacmk hn pkpnc ne frk`ja n nsjrnvk ks

snds jadsks ekds departk`tns qun vajï prnjdsk ikznr kek`mê. Xkcvnz
suk cdstk idqun pkrnjdhk jae k ed`mk?

;. Xrkfkcmkr `k prapastk pkrk jcdn`tn.

6.
:. N`vdkr ja`trkta
Kln`hkr par ikx.
rnu`dþns.
8. Xncnja`inrï`jdk jae k Mndhd.
>. Vnvdskr a pck`a hn ekrgntd`l hnstn eïs.
9. Xrkfkcmkr `k jkrtk
jkrtk hn ekck hdrntk.

Rkssa :? Rck`non [uk`ta Xnepa Yajï Vnsnrvkrë Rkrk

Jkhk Xkrnik
Rar n`quk`ta, `êa pn`sn ne quk`ha vajï ikrë jkhk tkrnik. Kpn`ks hnid`k k
quk`tdhkhn hn tnepa qun drë hnhdjkr k jkhk uek hn iarek rnkcåstdjk. Nssn ä
ue departk`tn pkssa pkrk lkrk`tdr qun as snds dtn`s hk suk cdstk passke
nintdvken`tn snr rnkcdzkhas ne ue hdk. Zn ue au ekds has dtn`s `k suk cdstk
sêa eudta nxtn`sas pkrk snrne ja`jcuåhas ne ue hdk, nsjrnvk quk`ta tnepa
vajï hnhdjkrë k jkhk ue hncns `kquncn hdk. Judhn hn praontas ekdarns ne
iktdks hn tnepa khed`dstrëvnds. Nssn cdvra ä ue útdea nxnepca. Oë en mkvdke
indta vërdks ainrtks hn cdvras hurk`tn ekds hn ;2 k`as. Eks k deprnssêa qun nu
td`mk hn ue cdvra nrk qun sn trktkvk hn ue neprnn`hden`ta n`aren. ^ek vnz
qun en jaepraentd, rnsnrvnd uek mark par snek`k ne enu jkcn`hërda pkrk
trkfkcmkr `a cdvra. Ne trïs ensns, nu td`mk uek súcdhk prapastk, k qukc
vdkfdcdzau a kjarha pkrk nssn cdvra.
A qun vajï tne khdkha par eudtas k`as1 [un d`djdktdvks departk`tns vajï
nstë hndxk`ha hn ckha sdepcnsen`tn parqun ncks ja`saene eudta tnepa1
Vnkcdzn-ks ne pnqun`ks iktdks hn tnepa.

 Nxnrjåjda
Ka ckha has dtn`s `k suk cdstk nsjrnvk quk`ta tnepa vajï drë
 

rnkcdstdjken`tn hnhdjkr kek`mê k jkhk ue hncns. Xkcvnz suk cdstk

idqun ekds au en`as kssde?

;. Xrkfkcmkr `k prapastk pkrk a jcdn`tn ‚ :2 ed`.

6. N`vdkr ja`trkta par ikx ‚ ;m n :2 ed`.
:. Kln`hkr rnu`dþns ‚ :2 ed`.
8. Xncnja`inrï`jdk jae k Mndhd ‚ ;m.
>. Vnvdskr a pck`a hn ekrgntd`l hnstn eïs ‚ ;m.
9. Xrkfkcmkr `k jkrtk hn ekck hdrntk ‚ 6m.

Zaen k quk`tdhkhn tatkc hks marks hn suks –tkrniks prahutdvks―. @nstn

nxnepca ncks tatkcdzke 9m n :2 ed`. ^snd nssn nxnrjåjda ne eudtks pkcnstrks n
sneprn mkvdk kclueks pnssaks qun, ka khdjda`kr suks marks, aftd`mke ue
tatkc hn ;; marks hn trkfkcma. Nssn `ÿenra `êa ä `ne ue pauja rnkcdstk
quk`ha vajï prnjdsk n`jkdxkr nssks snds tkrniks hn`tra hn ue hdk. ^ek fak
hdrntrdz ä aftnr ue rnsuctkha hn snds marks ka saekr as snds dtn`s ekds
departk`tns. Nxpcdjkrnd a parquï ekds tkrhn.

Rkssa 8? Rck`non a Hdk

Klark qun vajï rnsnrvau iktdks hn tnepa pkrk jkhk tkrnik, prnjdskrë
pck`nokr snu hdk. Nssn `êa snrë ue ludk lnrkc pkrk k hdrnìêa qun snu hdk
pahnrë snludr. Ncn prnjdsk snr nspnjåidja n hnid`dr a marërda hn prktdjken`tn

tuha. Dssa nd`jcud

pkrk kfrdr jkhk
cnr snu ue has
n-ekdc. snds dtn`ssnhk
Cnefrn-sn? sukjueprn
vajï cdstk, jaea tkefäe
k prdendrk a tnepa
rnlrk n tajk
`nssns dtn`s kpn`ks uek vnz, snrë prnjdsa rnsnrvkr ue pnråaha hn tnepa pkrk
rnsacvï-cas.
Afsnrvn qun `a pck`noken`ta ha hdk hntkcmkha kfkdxa më huks iktdks hn
tnepa pkrk edsjncæ`nk n rnu`dþns hn –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma―. Nssns
pnråahas hn edsjncæ`nk sêa kfsacutken`tn nssn`jdkds parqun afvdken`tn snu
hdk pahnrë snr d`tnrraepdha. Më kclueks jadsks ks qukds vajï prnjdskrë rnkldr
n qun a hnsvdkrêa hn suk kln`hk. Ka d`jcudr pnca en`as huks iktdks hn endk
mark pkrk tnepa rnktdva, nssks ekrln`s hn tacnræ`jdk lkrk`tdrêa k rntaekhk
hk suk kln`hk quk`ha vajï skdr hn snu jursa. Eks, a ekds departk`tn ä
 

ek`tnr-sn idnc âquncn marërda hn qukcqunr iarek.

iarek. @atn qun `a pck`noken`ta
kfkdxa a hdk hn trkfkcma ä `k rnkcdhkhn jaepasta par ;2 marks, eks kpn`ks
9,> hks marks sêa rnsnrvkhks pkrk as snds dtn`s prd`jdpkds?
=m‚=m:2? N`vdkr pprrapastk pk pkrk jc
jcdn`tn n kfrdr nn--ekdc.
=m
=m:2
:2‚4
‚4m?
m? Vn
Vnvd
vdsk
skrr cdst
cdstks
ks hn kh
khed
ed`d
`dst
strk
rkìê
ìêaa ha tnep
tnepaa ha
hass d`
d`tn
tnlrlrk`
k`tntnss hk nqud
nqudpn
pn..
4m‚;2m:2? Vnvdskr n n`vdkr ja`trkta par ikx.
;2m:
;2m:2‚
2‚;;
;;m?
m? Vn
Vnu`
u`dþdþns
ns ppkr
krkk ed
edsj
sjnc
ncæ`
æ`nknk ((rn
rnu`
u`dþ
dþns
ns kkln
ln`h
`hkh
khks
ks hhnn –t
–tne
ne-u -uee ed ed`u
`utd
td`m
`ma―
a―,,
kfrdr n-ekdc.
;;m‚;6m? Vnvdskr pck`a hn ekrgntd`l.
;6m‚;:m? Kceaìa jae jcdn`tn.
;:m:2‚;8m? Xncnja`inrï`jdk.
;8m‚;
8m‚;>m
>m?? Vnu
nu`d
`dþn
þnss hhnn ––tn
tne-
e-ue
ue-e-ed`d`ut
utd`
d`ma
ma―,
―, ed
edssjncæ
jncæ`n
`nkk, kkffrdr
rdr nn--ek
ekdc
dc..
;>‚;<?22? Ekck hdrntk.
;<‚;=?22? Kfrdr n rnspa`hnr n-ekdcs.

 Nxnrjåjda
Nsjrnvk ue pck`noken`ta pkrk a hdk hn kek`mê qun iar`nìk tnepa
suidjdn`tn pkrk rdsjkr tahas as snds dtn`s ne suk cdstk hn kikznrns n
ek`tnr-sn ne ja`tracn ha snu n-ekdc n autrks tkrniks.

Rkssa >? Rrdardzn

Klark qun vajï inz nssn nxnrjåjda, hï uek acmkhk `a snu hdk hn kek`mê n
vnok a`hn jacajau ks tkrniks ekds hdiåjnds. @ks pkcnstrks, nu irnqun`tnen`tn
vnoa pnssaks jacajkrne k tkrnik ekds departk`tn ne ÿctdea culkr parqun
`arekcen`tn ä k qun rnqunr ekds ja`jn`trkìêa au ä k ekds hdiåjdc. Eks, `a
id`kc ha hdk, rkrken`tn më tnepa au n`nrldk pkrk d`djdkr nssns kikznrns. Nssn
sdepcns pkssa cmn praparjda`krë uek trnen`hk sn`skìêa hn ja`tracn n
rnkcdzkìêa.
Jk`skeas hn auvdr dssa? kpn`ks 62% hn snu nsiarìa prahuzdrë =2% hn snus
rnsuctkhas. Eudtks pnssaks sn kialke ne tkrniks trdvdkds qun ks ek`tïe
ajupkhks, eks qun
suk mkfdcdhkhn hn sêa deprahutdvks.
prdardzkr Ncks sn tar`ke
n ja`jn`trkr-sn. Nu kstêakpncdhnd
kldtkhkshn
qun–pnssaks
pnrhne
 

kldtkhks―. Eudtks hncks oë trkfkcmkrke pkrk ede ka ca`la has k`as ‚ sêa
hnhdjkhks, hnvatks n kpkrn`tnen`tn ajupkhks. Eks sn k suk prahutdvdhkhn
rnkc iar enhdhk, vnrneas qun ä eudta fkdxk. Rkrk nssks pnssaks, nssk täj`djk
ä jråtdjk. N vajï prnjdsk haed`ë-ck jaea ue enstrn `d`ok. Zú kssde vajï ikrë
jae qun nssks pnssaks d`tnrraepke nssk kldtkìêa vkzdk n iaqune-sn kpn`ks
ne prahutdvdhkhn.
A qun kja`tnjnrdk sn =2% hn snus nsiarìas iassne hdrnjda`khas k
ktdvdhkhns nxjcusdvken`tn vactkhks k ktd`ldr rnsuctkhas1 Zn vajï hnhdjkr =2%
ha snu tnepa ne trkfkcma vactkha ne rnsuctkhas n kpn`ks 62% `a rnstk`tn,
pahnrë aftnr ue kuen`ta hn quktra vnzns `k prahutdvdhkhn! Xuha qun ä
prnjdsa ä uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa.

Hdjks pkrk Yn`hnharns n Nxärjdtas hn ^e Maene Zú

Xaha vn`hnhar hnvnrdk rnsnrvkr ka en`as 6m n :2 ed` hdërdks hn
k`lkrdkìêa hn `avas jcdn`tns. N dssa sn rninrn k vn`hnharns qun oë passune
uek jkrtndrk jmndk hn jcdn`tns nintdvas. Yn`hnharns qun `êa nstêa
khed`dstrk`ha uek cdstk ca`lk hn jcdn`tns nintdvas prnjdske hn pnca en`as
quktra marks hn pura tncnekrgntd`l. Nu tn`ma ue jcdn`tn qun jaeprau ue
saitwkrn pkrk rnldstrkr ktdvdhkhns hn vn`hks, eks ncn `u`jk a mkvdk uskha.
Idjkeas faqudkfnrtas quk`ha id`kcen`tn uskeas a saitwkrn7 vdeas qun
`n`mue d`tnlrk`tn hk nqudpn nstkvk rnkcdzk`ha ekds hn uek mark hn
tncnekrgntd`l par hdk. Ka rnspa`hnrne uek pnsqudsk, as rnprnsn`tk`tns
pn`skvke qun nstkvke ikzn`ha hn 82 k 92 ja`tktas tncniø`djas par hdk. K
rnkcdhkhn nrk autrk? par vactk hn ;; k 6= cdlkìþns nrke indtks par hdk. Rkrk
vn`hnharns `avas, a hdk d`tndra hnvnrdk snr hnhdjkha k k`lkrdkìêa hn jcdn`tns.
Zn vajï ä ue nxärjdta hn ue maene sú au sn, jaea neprnn`hnhar n
jkfnìk hn ue lrupa eudta pnqun`a, ä k pnssak rnspa`sëvnc pnca jrnsjden`ta
hk neprnsk, n`têa vajï hnvn pnssakcen`tn hnhdjkr `a eå`dea 6 marks n :2
ed` par hdk ka jrnsjden`ta hk neprnsk.

A [un Ikznr Zn Znu Neprnla Iar ^ek Ktdvdhkhn Vnktdvk

Hdlkeas qun vajï snok ue vn`hnhar qun prnjdsk rnjnfnr cdlkìþns has
jcdn`tns rnluckren`tn. Hdlkeas qun vajï snok ue rnprnsn`tk`tn hn
ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar qun sn rnspa`skfdcdzk u`djken`tn par rnkldr k
tncnia`neks. Au, hdlkeas qun vajï snok uek rnjnpjda`dstk qun ktn`hn
tncnia`neks au uek kssdstn`tn qun prnjdsk rnkldr âs `njnssdhkhns ja`stk`tns
 

ha snu jmnin a hdk d`tndra. Ktä ks pnssaks ne pasdìþns rnktdvks hnvnrdke

pck`nokr-sn rnkcdstdjken`tn pkrk kclueks tkrniks praktdvks qun pahne snr
rnkcdzkhks hdkrdken`tn. Hnvnrdk mkvnr kclueks tkrniks praktdvks hdërdks pkrk
kckvk`jkr suk neprnsk au a trkfkcma. Hnhdqun kclue tnepa pkrk encmarkr
mkfdcdhkhns, pnriarek`jn, icudhnz hn trkfkcma n arlk`dzkìêa pkrk vajï n snu
hnpkrtken`ta au neprnsk. Rnssaks ne pasdìþns rnktdvks sdepcnsen`tn
hdspa`dfdcdzkrêa ue tnepa cdedtkha hn hnhdjkìêa ‚ eks ensea kssde
pahnrêa rnkcdzkr kclueks tkrniks praktdvks hdkrdken`tn.
Zn vajï ä uek rnjnpjda`dstk n suk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn prd`jdpkc ä ktn`hnr ka
tncnia`n, vajï `êa pahnrdk tkefäe snr prahutdvk ikzn`ha cdstks hn
tncnekrgntd`l pkrk k nqudpn hn vn`hks1 Idja iark hn ede quk`ha vau k uek
neprnsk n k rnjnpjda`dstk nstë cn`ha ue cdvra parqun ks cdlkìþns nstêa eudta
nspkìkhks. Nssk pnssak `êa pahnrdk nstkr ikzn`ha kcluek pnsqudsk `k D`tnr`nt
safrn suk d`hÿstrdk1 Au prnpkrk`ha kclueks ekcks hdrntks1 Nssks pnrlu`tks
tkefäe sn kpcdjke k pasdìþns hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar. Hurk`tn suks
rnu`dþns snek`kds (nstruturk jaepcntk `a Jkpåtuca Xrïs), jnrtdidqun-sn hn
kfarhkr nssk qunstêa n pnìk âs pnssaks ne pasdìþns rnktdvks pkrk trkfkcmkr ne
snu tnepa vkla au hn pauja eavden`ta.

Ks Rnssaks Vnspndtke A [un Yajï D`spnjda`k

Zn vajï qunr tar`kr suk nqudpn prahutdvk, hnvn nxked`kr k iarek jaea
ncns nstêa prdardzk`ha n pck`nok`ha snus hdks tahas as hdks.
hdks. K`tns ha khvn`ta
hk D`tnr`nt, nu k`hkvk pnca nsjrdtúrda n ja`inrdk jaea ks pnssaks nstkvke
nstruturk`ha snus hdks. Cnvau ensns hn afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa,
kssde jaea uek ja`stk`tn d`spnìêa ktä qun enus iu`jda`ërdas snludssne as
snds pkssas rncdldasken`tn. Nu nrk têa pnrsnvnrk`tn ne hnsn`vacvnr uek
nxjncn`tn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa n`trn enus nxnjutdvas jmkvn n ncns n`trn
snus sufarhd`khas, qun nu jmnlund k jrdkr ue pralrkek `k D`tnr`nt a`hn as
iu`jda`ërdas a kjnsskvke n pck`nokvke snu hdk. A jmnin n`têa rnjnfdk ue
kcnrtk kutaeëtdja hn n-ekdc jkhk vnz qun ue sufarhd`kha jaepcntkvk snu
pck`noken`ta. (Ynok –K Inrrken`tk Hnid`dtdvk hn Khed`dstrkìêa ha Xnepa―
ne www.jmnttden.jae).
www.jmnttden.jae).
Jae au sne ue pralrkek jaea nssn, khatkr kclue tdpa hn d`spnìêa pkrk
ja`inrdr jaea as iu`jda`ërdas nstêa pck`nok`ha n prdardzk`ha snus hdks as
cnvkrêa k rnspndtkr k khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa n kuen`tkr suk prahutdvdhkhn
hrkektdjken`tn.
 

 Nxnrjåjda
Hï uek acmkhk `a snu pck`noken`ta.

[uk`ta tnepa ha snu hdk ä praktdva n quk`ta ä rnktdva1

A`hn vajï jacajau k tkrnik ekds departk`tn ha hdk1 @a jaenìa1
@a enda1 @a id`kc1
Vnnsjrnvk snu pck`noken`ta hn iarek qun k tkrnik ekds departk`tn
hk cdstk snok rnkcdzkhk ne prdendra culkr `nssn hdk.
Klrupn tahas as trkfkcmas rnktdvas, d`jcud`ha rnspa`hnr k n-ekdcs n
rntar`kr tncnia`neks.
Jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun k ekdar pkrtn ha snu hdk nstnok iajkha ne
trkfkcma praktdva, jaea k`lkrdkìêa hn jcdn`tns au injmkr ja`trktas.

Rkssa 9? Rnrlu`tn-sn? –Zn Nu Oalkr Dssa Iark, Znrnd

Rrnouhdjkha1―
Nstuhas eastrke qun =2% hn tahk k d`iarekìêa krqudvkhk au lukrhkhk
`u`jk ä ja`suctkhk `avken`tn. N`têa parqun sn kpnlkr k nck1 Rkrk
hntnred`kr sn kcla hnvn au `êa snr lukrhkha1 Rnrlu`tn-sn? –Zn nu oalkr dssa
iark, snrnd prnouhdjkha1― Yajï pahnrdk khqudrdr nssk d`iarekìêa `avken`tn
jksa `njnssërda1 Zn vajï ä a jmnin, k rnspastk `arekcen`tn ä sde. Oalun-a
iark. Zn ue jnrta n-ekdc `êa iar skcva, ncn snrë kutaektdjken`tn oalkha iark
pnca enu sdstnek ne 8> hdks. Xkcvnz huks vnzns par k`a mkok ue au autra n-
ekdc qun nu lastkrdk hn rnjupnrkr. N dssa `arekcen`tn ä passåvnc.
Vnjn`tnen`tn, ue has enus iu`jda`ërdas tnvn prafcneks hn cn`tdhêa ne suk
ja`tk hn n-ekdc. Kpús uek rëpdhk acmkhk, a täj`dja hnsjafrdu qun k ja`tk
ja`td`mk hkhas rdhdjucken`tn k`tdlas oë qun k ha`k skcvkvk prktdjken`tn
tahas as n-ekdcs. Hnpads qun a täj`dja ja`snludu qun nck kpklkssn tahks ks
en`skln`s qun `u`jk ekds snrdke `njnssërdks, suk ja`tk hn n-ekdc fkdxau hn
6,< ldlkfytns pkrk 2,> ldlkfytns.
 

Ja`jcusêa
Jaea vajï pahn vnr, nxdstne 8 edc täj`djks hn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa n `êa
më `njnssdhkhn hn rnldstrkr snu tnepa hurk`tn trïs ensns pkrk pahnr
d`trahuzdr nssk inrrken`tk ne suk vdhk n ne snu `nlújda. Më snds sdepcns
pkssas?
Xaqun-a uek vnz.
Ikìk cdstks hdërdks jae ks snds tkrniks ekds departk`tns k snrne
ja`jcuåhks.
Rck`non quk`ta tnepa jkhk tkrnik cnvkrë.
Hnid`k iktdks hn tnepa pkrk k rnkcdzkìêa hn jkhk tkrnik. • Iaqun-sn
`as praontas ekds hdiåjnds prdendra. • Rnrlu`tn-sn? –Zn nu oalkr dssa
iark, snrnd prnouhdjkha1―

Haed`n nssns snds pkssas n vajï `êa snrë jkpkz hn kjrnhdtkr `k hdinrn`ìk.
Depcnen`tn-as `k neprnsk d`tndrk n k jkpkjdhkhn eëxdek snrë ktd`ldhk eudta
k`tns ha nspnrkha.
Ä jckra qun ensea qun vajï sdlk nssns snds pkssas, kja`tnjden`tas n
pnssaks drêa d`tnrinrdr n snu marërda snrë d`tnrraepdha. Nenrlï`jdks
kpkrnjnrêa n ja`suedrêa uek au ktä huks marks hn snu hdk. Ja`tk`ta qun
vajï tn`mk d`jcuåha kclue pnråaha hn tnepa icnxåvnc ne snu pck`noken`ta,
kclu`s nspkìas ne frk`ja `k suk kln`hk, vajï snrë jkpkz hn kjaeahkr nssns
hnsvdas. K jmkvn ä? [uk`ha kcla d`tnrinrdr `a snu marërda, rnsacvk-a n ne

snludhk vactn ka snu marërda!

marërda!
 

Depcnen`tk`ha Rkhrþns Hdinrn`jdkhas n

Xrnd`ken`ta Ja`stk`tn
Vnpralrken Zuk Arlk`dzkìêa
Eëqud`k K Ide hn
Rnrindtken`tn Apnrë-ck Jaea uek
Kid`khk

Hn kjarha jae ue krtdla `a  Mkrvkrh Fusd`nss Vnvdnw,Vnvdnw, kpn`ks ;2% hk

papuckìêa tïe a qun ä ja`mnjdha jaea uek –en`tkcdhkhn hn kprn`hdzkha―.
Nssks sêa ks pnssaks qun fusjke n tne prkznr ne kprn`hnr. As autras 42%
hk papuckìêa `êa prajurkrêa encmarkr suks mkfdcdhkhns k en`as qun snok ue
rnqunrden`ta ha snu trkfkcma. Maon ne hdk, k ekdardk hks praidssþns ‚ 
jarrntarns, ja`tkharns, pck`nokharns id`k`jndras, jarrntarns hn vkcarns,
khvalkhas, praidssda`kds hn skÿhn, eksskldstks n kssde par hdk`tn ‚ tne
jursas hn nxtn`sêa afrdlktúrdas parqun sn hnrke ja`tk qun, sne as enseas,
ks pnssaks `êa sn ek`tnrdke ktukcdzkhks jae k d`iarekìêa `njnssërdk pkrk
snrne kjndtks jaea praidssda`kds ne suk ërnk.
Dekld`n qun snu eähdja `êa iassn afrdlkha k ek`tnr-sn d`iarekha jae as
kvk`ìas eähdjas n qun `êa cnssn ue tnxta eähdja më ekds hn 62 k`as. Rahn
snr qun ncn au nck rnjndtkssn rneähdas qun sêa klark ja`sdhnrkhas ekcäidjas
au rnkcdzkssn prajnhden`tas d`nidjkzns. @a n`tk`ta, `k ekdardk hks neprnsks
a trnd`ken`ta ä pauja au `uca, n rkrken`tn ä afrdlktúrda.
Kclu`s lnrn`tns vnne a trnd`ken`ta jaea kcla qun d`tnrinrn jae a
–trkfkcma― k snr rnkcdzkha. Eks cnefrn-sn ha ja`ta has cn`mkharns? A
cn`mkhar K jartk cn`mk a hdk d`tndra. A cn`mkhar F vactk n endk pkrk hn jartkr
n sn`tk-sn. Ka id`kc ha hdk, a cn`mkhar F jartau trïs vnzns ekds cn`mk qun a
cn`mkhar K. A cn`mkhar K pnrlu`tk? –Jaea dssa pøhn tnr kja`tnjdha1 Yajï
idjau hnsjk`sk`ha a hdk taha!― A cn`mkhar F hdz? –Nu `êa nstkvk
hnsjk`sk`ha. Nu nstkvk kidk`ha ed`mk snrrk―. Vnsnrvn ue tnepa pkrk kidkr
suks mkfdcdhkhns, suks inrrken`tks, snus rnjursas n vajï tar`kr-sn-ë ekds
prahutdva.
 

A Eätaha Xrdfkc hn Xrnd`ken`ta

A Fk`ja ha Oan rnjn`tnen`tn ja`trktau a Zke, n ncn nstë prnstns k jaenìkr a
trnd`ken`ta pkrk d`djdk`tns. @a Fk`ja ha Oan, jastuek-sn uskr a –eätaha hn
trnd`ken`ta trdfkc―, a`hn k d`iarekìêa ä pksskhk vnrfkcen`tn hn pnssak ne
pnssak, kssde jaea as maen`s hks jkvnr`ks pravkvncen`tn ikzdke. A Zke ä
d`struåha k afsnrvkr k Fntty hurk`tn hads hdks, n n`têa ncn nstkrë pra`ta pkrk
ikznr tuha par sd ensea. Kqud, `êa nxdstn uek entahacaldk iarekc, ue
trnd`ken`ta ne nstdca hn skck-hn-kuck, ek`ukds hn trnd`ken`ta au nxnrjåjdas
hn hrkektdzkìêa. Xuha sn rnhuz k ue iu`jda`ërda pasdjda`k`ha-sn ka ckha hn
autra n k afsnrvkr tuha a qun ikz. Kpn`ks afsnrvkr n kprn`hnr. Zn k Fntty
nstdvnr hn eku muear, tdvnr uek ktdtuhn `nlktdvk au mëfdtas rud`s, a Zke
pahnrë ja`jcudr qun tuha dssa ä kjndtëvnc. Nssn ä a pdar tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta
qun vajï pahn ainrnjnr.
Rar autra
 ‚ tahas ckha,
k`tdlas fk`jasenus
jcdn`tns jaea‚ apassune
\nccs Ikrla, a Fk`gnr—s
pralrkeks
pral rkeks Xrust n a ne
hn trnd`ken`ta Jdtdfk`g
nstdca
hn skck-hn-kuck, ja`tk`ha jae `areks n prajnhden`tas pkrk tuha. Ne uek
hnssks neprnsks, a Zke ä sufentdha k ue trnd`ken`ta nxtn`sdva ne skck hn
kuck k`tns hn sn`tkr-sn ka ckha hn autra jkdxk pkrk afsnrvë-ca. [uk`ha ncn
id`kcen`tn jmnlk k nssk pkrtn ha trnd`ken`ta, ä jkpkz hn pnrjnfnr quk`ha a
autra jkdxk ikz kcla nrrkha. A Zke kprn`hnu k rnkcdzkr snu trkfkcma, eks a
trnd`ken`ta `êa hnvnrdk pkrkr par kå. Encmarkr ks mkfdcdhkhns n a
praidssda`kcdsea hn jkhk pnssak ne suk neprnsk ä ue prajnssa ja`tå`ua, n
ks snssþns iarekds hn trnd`ken`ta hnvnrdke snr ja`stk`tns n `êa `nlajdëvnds.
Rahn snr qun suk d`hÿstrdk n snus jaepntdharns nstnoke kvk`ìk`ha, eks,
sne ue trnd`ken`ta ja`tå`ua n afrdlktúrda, k suk nqudpn `êa drë pralrnhdr.
@nstn jkpåtuca vajï kprn`hnrë k nstkfncnjnr as pkhrþns hn qukcdhkhn ne suk
neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta, k depcnen`tkr pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta
afrdlktúrdas n k tar`ë-cas têa hdvnrtdhas, d`tnrnssk`tns n nstdeuck`tns qun snu
pnssakc drë kharkr. @êa departk sn vajï ä ue nxärjdta hn ue maene sú au
uek neprnsk Iartu`n >227 ä prnjdsa qun d`vdstk ne suks mkfdcdhkhns.
Nu tdvn ue jcdn`tn ikfrdjk`tn hn nqudpken`ta ardld`kc (ANE) qun nstkvk
tn`tk`ha ja`qudstkr as ;22 ekdarns ikfrdjk`tns hn snu enrjkha usk`ha ue
eätaha qun vajï kprn`hnrë `a Jkpåtuca Znds. ^e ncnen`ta jmkvn pkrk nssn
prajnssa iad hn iartkcnjnr k nqudpn hn vn`hks. K hurk rnkcdhkhn ä qun sne ue
 

útdea trnd`ken`ta, k ekdardk has vn`hnharns `u`jk cdlkrë `avken`tn pkrk

ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc qun oë as rnondtau uek prdendrk vnz. N paujas
vn`hnharns cdlkrêa huks vnzns kpús a snlu`ha –`êa―. Nssn nrk
hnid`dtdvken`tn a jksa hnssk neprnsk hn ANE. Znus vn`hnharns hnsdstdke
kpús k prdendrk rnondìêa has ikfrdjk`tns. Eks `ús nstëvkeas depcnen`tk`ha
uek d`djdktdvk neprnskrdkc n nrk kfsacutken`tn afrdlktúrda qun ncns
kprn`hnssne k snr pnrsnvnrk`tns.
Zkfåkeas qun nsiarìas jaarhn`khas n kctken`tn ea`dtarkhas snrdke
`njnssërdas pkrk rnsacvnr nssn prafcnek. Hdstrdfuåeas rncktúrdas pkrk qun as
vn`hnharns prnn`jmnssne afrdlktúrdken`tn jae suks ktdvdhkhns, n n`têa tahk
snek`k nu pnssakcen`tn sncnjda`kvk ue vn`hnhar pkrk a qun nu jmkekvk hn
–mat snkt ―.
―. Nu cmns ikzdk pnrlu`tks nspnjåidjks safrn as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
qun mkvdke ja`tktkha ‚ qukds mkvdke sdha snus nsiarìas, a qun ncns mkvdke
hdta n a qun as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds mkvdke hdta. A ikta hn ncns skfnrne qun
`ús ikråkeas dssa tahk snek`k cnvk`tau a `åvnc hn pnriarek`jn hn tahk k
neprnsk.
Dssa `êa iad iëjdc au denhdkta. @a d`åjda, tahas as vn`hnharns ikzdke ks
ktdvdhkhns nxdldhks pnck entkhn. Eks quk`ha jaenjnd k jacajë-cas `a –mat
snkt― jae tahas as autras >2 vn`hnharns, a prnsdhn`tn hk neprnsk, a vdjn-
prnsdhn`tn hn vn`hks n a lnrn`tn hn vn`hks kssdstd`ha, ncns rkpdhken`tn
pnrjnfnrke qun snrdk sëfda rns
rnspndtkr
pndtkr a qun `ús dråkeas d`s
d`spnjda`kr.
pnjda`kr.
Hurk`tn as prdendras trïs ensns quksn `êa mauvn pralrnssa n, sn
hnpn`hnssn hncns, k neprnsk n suk nqudpn hn vn`hks pravkvncen`tn oë tnrdk
hnsdstdha. Eks, hnpads hn trïs ensns ikzn`ha ue ekrgntd`l ja`stk`tn

hdrnjda`kha kas nxnjutdvas

nqudpn hn vn`hks k ja`td`ukr hks ikfrdjk`tns
cdlk`ha n hn, jnrtk
pkrk as enseas iarek,
jcdn`tns iarìk`ha
patn`jdkds qunk
sneprn hdzdke –`êa―, jaenìkeas k ikznr pralrnssa. Xahk snek`k
vnrdidjkråkeas a qun as vn`hnharns nstkvke hdzn`ha n a qun as jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds nstkvke rnspa`hn`ha. ^e k ue, nu kpnrindìand suks mkfdcdhkhns.
Hn`tra hn snds ensns a pnssakc hn vn`hks mkvdk sn rnu`dha jae >8% has
ikfrdjk`tns ne qune mkvdke sn iajkha.
Xrnd`ken`tas ja`stk`tns, d`nxarëvnds n arlk`dzkhas vactkhas ÿ`djk n
nspnjdidjken`tn k nssn ja`jndta cnvk`tkrêa hrkektdjken`tn a pkhrêa hn
qukcdhkhn n ne snludhk pacdjdkeas snu snluden`ta `a rnstk`tn hk neprnsk.
Nssns vn`hnharns
hn quk`tks kprn`hnrke
vnzns ncns qun ja`sdstï`jdk
iassne rnondtkhas `k ne
‚ rnsuctk kfarhklne ‚ d`hnpn`hn`tn
ue trnen`ha å`hdjn hn
 

ja`vnrsêa hn jcdn`tns patn`jdkds k jcdn`tns nintdvas. Ncns sêa klark enstrns hn

vn`hks ne suk d`hÿstrdk.

 Nxnrjåjda
Jae trnd`ken`ta, tahas pkrnjne jk`tkr ne mkrea`dk. [un tdpa hn
eÿsdjk k suk arlk`dzkìêa nstë jaepa`ha1 Vnspa`hk sn ks
kidrektdvks k snludr sêa vnrhkhndrks au ikcsks ne snu `nlújda?

;. Xahas as iu`jda`ërdas rnkcdzke jkhk kspnjta hn snu trkfkcma jae

ue kcta `åvnc hn nxjncï`jdk n ja`sdstï`jdk.
6. As rnsuctkhas sêa rncktdvken`tn prnvdsåvnds oë qun a trnd`ken`ta n
ks mkfdcdhkhns sêa ja`sdstn`tns.

:. Jkhk supnrvdsar hkrdk uek rnspastk snencmk`tn pkrk jkhk pnrlu`tk

au prafcnek.
8. Jkhk iu`jda`ërda hkrdk uek rnspastk snencmk`tn pkrk jkhk pnrlu`tk
au prafcnek.
>. A trktken`ta ka jcdn`tn ä snencmk`tn, d`hnpn`hn`tn hn qune hk
neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta cdhk jae ncn.
9. Xahas as iu`jda`ërdas nstêa jdn`tns ha qun ä ja`sdhnrkha uek fak
pnriarek`jn au uek fak ktdtuhn.

Zn vajï rnspa`hnu ikcsa k qukcqunr uek hks kidrektdvks kjdek `êa nstë
cnvk`ha a kssu`tasnrë
has iu`jda`ërdas hn trnd`ken`ta
d`tnredtn`tn,eudta k särda. Zne
d`ja`sdstn`tn trnd`ken`ta,
n vuc`nrëvnc k ktdvdhkhn
k muearns ‚n
parqun ncns pahne snr ktä d`hdinrn`tns au ruhns ‚ sdepcnsen`tn parqun as
pkhrþns `êa iarke nstkfncnjdhas. Jae ue trnd`ken`ta khnqukha, taha
iu`jda`ërda idjkrë jdn`tn ha prajnhden`ta dhnkc pkrk ue ja`tkta d`djdkc jae a
jcdn`tn, ks pnrlu`tks qun prnjdske snr indtks k jkhk jcdn`tn ne jkhk cdlkìêa n
as prajnhden`tas hn iaccaw-up qun hnvne snr nxdldhas n`iktdjken`tn.
[uk`ta ekds praktdva iar a trnd`ken`ta, encmar snrë... Xuha ne suk
arlk`dzkìêa. Nssn cdvra a cnvkrë eudta k iu`ha ne tahks nssks qunstþns, eks
a prapúsdta hnstn jkpåtuca ä n`iktdzkr qun a ekds departk`tn ä `êa kfrdr eêa
hn ue trnd`ken`ta hn mkfdcdhkhns afrdlktúrda n ja`stk`tn.
 

A Xrnd`ken`ta Nstkfncnjn Rkhrþns

^e trnd`ken`ta ja`stk`tn encmark rkhdjkcen`tn k jaeprnn`sêa has
iu`jda`ërdas ne rnckìêa kas afontdvas hk neprnsk n kouhk k kuen`tkr n
nstkfncnjnr pkhrþns hn pnriarek`jn. Zn vajï `êa trnd`k snus iu`jda`ërdas,
`êa pahn nspnrkr qun ncns jmnlune ka prúxdea `åvnc. Ä par dssa qun k
ekdardk hks neprnsks pnrek`njn pnqun`k au hnspnrhdìk tnepa kfarhk`ha
rnpntdhken`tn `ks enseks qunstþns n prafcneks.

A Xrnd`ken`ta Ktrkd Hd`mndra

^e trnd`ken`ta hn qukcdhkhn lkrk`tdrë k n`trkhk hn hd`mndra. @a jksa hk
neprnsk qun ja`qudstau as ikfrdjk`tns, nck oë mkvdk sairdha ue hnjcå`da
hurk`tn as quktra k`as k`tns hn jaenìkreas `assa pralrkek. Jae ue
trnd`ken`ta ja`sdstn`tn, suks vn`hks kuen`tkrke hn iarek sufstk`jdkc n
eudta `njnssërdk. K suk nqudpn hn vn`hks skfn a qun ikznr n ja`snlun cdhkr
jae qukcqunr sdtukìêa ikjdcen`tn parqun vajïs ikckrke safrn dssa `ks suks
snssþns snek`kds, jnrta1 Kja`tnjn a ensea jae a ktn`hden`ta ka
ja`suedhar (safrn a qukc vajï kprn`hnrë ekds `a Jkpåtuca Xrïs) n jae jkhk
uek hks autrks ërnks hn suk neprnsk.
[uk`ha as jcdn`tns ja`stk`tnen`tn rnjnfne ue ktn`hden`ta nxjnpjda`kc
d`hnpn`hn`tn hn qune `k arlk`dzkìêa nstnok cdhk`ha jae ncns, ncns
ja`td`ukrêa vactk`ha.
Zne trnd`ken`ta, vajï pnrhnrë jcdn`tns qun pahnrdke snr skcvas jksa
mauvnssn kfarhkha qunstþns hn ek`ndrk prú-ktdvk â enhdhk qun ncns
kpkrnjdke. ^ek d`tnrkìêa jae a jcdn`tn n prajnhden`tas hn iaccaw-up
pkhra`dzkhas sêa sd`ø`dea hn ue ja`stk`tnen`tn iartkcnjden`ta hn
rnckjda`ken`tas jae a jcdn`tn, qun as idhncdzkrêa n trkrêa d`hdjkìþns.
Cnefrn-sn hn qun nssn cdvra pravdhn`jdkrë uek iúreuck jaepcntk pkrk tahas
nssns kssu`tas `as jkpåtucas sufsnqun`tns.
A trnd`ken`ta tkefäe kouhkrë k nja`aedzkr rnhuzd`ha k ratktdvdhkhn hn
pnssakc. [uk`ha as iu`jda`ërdas skfne nxktken`tn a qun ikznr ne qukcqunr
sdtukìêa, ncnseatdvk
trnd`ken`ta tïe ks inrrken`tks pkrk
k kutaja`idk`ìk icarnsjnr
n rnhuz ne Jaea
a nstrnssn. suk arlk`dzkìêa. A
a trnd`ken`ta
 

tkefäe nstkfncnjn ue jked`ma jckra pkrk jmnlkr â fak pnriarek`jn, snrë

ekds iëjdc hn enhdr n rnjaepn`skr as iu`jda`ërdas par supnrkr as pkhrþns hn
nxjncï`jdk. Jae pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta arlk`dzkhas n ja`stk`tns, suk
neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta tar`kr-sn-ë ue culkr encmar pkrk sn trkfkcmkr.

Zne Xrnd`ken`ta, Zkdrë ha Znu Jursa

K skÿhn hn snu `nlújda `êa ä têa hdinrn`tn hk ha snu jarpa. ^e lrkek hn
prnvn`ìêa vkcn ue qudcalrkek hn jurk. Zn vajï nstdvnssn n`lkslk`ha,
prninrdrdk qun snus kedlas tn`tkssne kprn`hnr k Ek`afrk hn Mndecdjm
`kquncn d`stk`tn au drdk prninrdr qun ncns oë tdvnssne kprn`hdha n trnd`kha a
prajnhden`ta1 A trnd`ken`ta ä praktdva. Ncn ek`täe suk neprnsk skuhëvnc n
prnpkrkhk, `êa departk k jrdsn qun kpkrnìk. Zn vajï `êa trnd`kr, iarìkrë tahas
k snrne rnktdvas, hded`ud`ha suks jmk`jns hn safrnvdvï`jdk hrkektdjken`tn.
A trnd`ken`ta pahn skcvkr vdhks. Nu hnd kucks hn kutahninsk ne @avk
Darqun quk`ha td`mk 6> k`as hn dhkhn, trnd`k`ha kctas nxnjutdvas ne kclueks
hks ekdarns neprnsks ha eu`ha. Cnefra-en hn ikznr uek kprnsn`tkìêa k
uek lrk`hn jaepk`mdk hn pntrúcna hnpads qun a hdrntar hn snlurk`ìk mkvdk
hdta qun ue trnd`ken`ta hn kutakouhk nrk uek eë dhndk. –Ks pnssaks idjkrêa
jae uek kutaja`idk`ìk ikcsk n pravkvncen`tn sn entnrêa ne ekds
prafcneks―. Nu pnrlu`tnd k ncn sn td`mk idcmas. Ncn td`mk ue en`d`a hn ;9
k`as n uek en`d`k hn ;=. Huks snek`ks k`tns hkqunck rnu`dêa mkvdk
kja`tnjdha ue jrden marråvnc `a fkdrra hn [unn`s a`hn uek en`d`k hn ;=
k`as iad krrkstkhk pkrk a tncmkha ha snu prähda hnpads eacnstkhk snxukcen`tn
n oalkhk ruea â suk eartn. Rnrlu`tnd sn ncn cnefrkvk hnssk mdstúrdk n ncn
rnspa`hnu qun sde. N`ja`trkrke pncn ha jrded`asa nefkdxa hks u`mks hn
suk våtdek, eastrk`ha qun mkvdke tdha uek frdlk indk. Ne uek sdtukìêa hn
rdsja hn eartn, vajï sn n`ja`trkrë ne uek hn huks jktnlardks? au vajï `êa
tnrë trnd`ken`ta kclue n n`têa kldrë par d`std`ta, au vajï tnvn trnd`ken`ta n,
partk`ta tne dhndks fkstk`tn nspnjåidjks ha qun ikznr. Rnrlu`tnd ka nxnjutdva
â qukc jktnlardk ncn prninrdrdk qun suk idcmk nstdvnssn? trnd`khk au `êa
trnd`khk. Ncn rnspa`hnu? –N`tn`ha suk pasdìêa―.
A ensea kja`tnjn ne qukcqunr ërnk hk suk neprnsk. [uk`ha snus
iu`jda`ërdas ja`ira`tkrne qukcqunr sdtukìêa, ncns n`ja`trkr-sn-êa ne uek hn
 

huks jktnlardks. Au vajï oë kfarhau nssn kspnjta n as trnd`au n `nstn jksa

ncns tïe k d`iarekìêa `njnssërdk pkrk cdhkr jae k sdtukìêa, au vajï `êa
kfarhau nssn tnek `ne as trnd`au n `nstn jksa ncns tnrêa qun khdvd`mkr jaea
kldr. Ne qukc jktnlardk vajï lastkrdk hn jacajkr snu pnssakc1
Kclueks pnssaks tnene qun `êa cnefrkr-sn-êa hks jadsks ne enda k uek
jrdsn. Eks `assks en`tns tïe uek iu`ìêa hn sjk``nr qun n`trk ne kìêa
hurk`tn nssks jrdsns. [uk`ha k khrn`kcd`k ä faefnkhk ne `assa sdstnek, k
en`tn kjncnrk ne fusjk ha qun nstdvnr hdspa`åvnc pkrk `as kouhkr k skdr hk
jrdsn. Ka ca`la has k`as qun n`sd`nd kutahninsk, auvd eudtas nxnepcas hkhas
par enus kcu`as qun rnpntdke k ensek sdtukìêa? quk`ha ncns sn n`ja`trkvke
ne kpuras, `êa kpn`ks sn cnefrkvke ha qun hnvnrdk snr indta, eks tkefäe
hk jn`k ne qun nu cmns n`sd`kvk a eavden`ta.
[uk`ha nu td`mk ;= k`as hn dhkhn, enu jkrra jkdu ne ue fkrrk`ja hurk`tn
uek jarrdhk jae ue kedla ne uek `adtn jmuvask (`khk d`tncdln`tn). Ka
n`trkr ne uek jurvk, a jkrra hnrrkpau `a jmêa eacmkha ka ensea tnepa ne
qun ue jkrra vd`mk ne ed`mk hdrnìêa. Rdsnd `a kjncnrkhar n ldrnd k hdrnìêa `a
eaen`ta nxkta hn iarek k nvdtkr uek jacdsêa jae a jkrra qun sn kpraxdekvk
n k ide hn rntaekr a ja`tracn. Eks uek `avk jurvk kpkrnjnu n hnssk vnz `êa
mkvdk jaea nsjkpkr. Nu mkvdk kjncnrkha pkrk hrdfckr a pnrdla n klark nu
nstkvk d`ha eudta hnprnssk. A jkrra hnscdzau pkrk iark hk nstrkhk n jkdu `a
jk`tndra jn`trkc k u`s ;:2 au ;82 ge par mark. Zn`td qun k vncajdhkhn
hupcdjkvk â enhdhk qun a jkrra d`jcd`kvk-sn cktnrkcen`tn nsjarrnlk`ha `k
lrkek. A jkrra fktnu ne uek ërvarn, ldrau cktnrkcen`tn ne vactk hnck n
hnsjnu =2 e earra kfkdxa. ^e jarpa `êa trnd`kha tnrdk sn pkrkcdskha jae
enha n idjkha
A ÿ`dja jae pnca
eatdva as assas
qukc tahas
kd`hkqunfrkhas.
nstau kqud ä a enu trnd`ken`ta hn jkrktï.
@a eaen`ta ne qun enu järnfra sd`kcdzau –jrdsn―, enu jarpa saufn, hnpads
hn k`as n k`as hn prëtdjk, k `êa tn`jda`kr-sn n rnsdstdr, eks k rnckxkr. Nu
nstkvk icutuk`ha hn`tra hkquncn jkrra. Nu nstkvk sn`ha oalkha ja`trk ks
partks, a vack`tn, a tnta eks, k`tns hn jkhk depkjta, nu pratnldk enu rasta hn
jacdsþns. A jkrra id`kcen`tn iad pkrkha pncks ërvarns. Nu safrnvdvd âqunck
`adtn lrkìks ka enu trnd`ken`ta.
K ja`jcusêa ä qun qukcqunr tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta pahn d`tnrvdr ne uek jrdsn
au ne qukcqunr sdtukìêa qun vajï qundrk euhkr. Kqud nstë autra nxnepca hn
uek sdtukìêa qun `êa iad uek jrdsn, eks pasau jaea ue särda hnskida ne
ed`mk neprnsk. @ús tneas uek n`aren jkepk`mk hn rëhda qun ä cnvkr ks
 

cnkhs â `assk nqudpn hn vn`hks. Ks pnssaks cdlke ne rnspastk k uek

prapklk`hk pkrk aftnr ekds d`iarekìþns safrn a qun `ús nstkeas ainrnjn`ha.
Vnspa`hneas qun, pkrk n`vdkr k d`iarekìêa jarrntk, prnjdskeas skfnr ekds
safrn snu `nlújda. Ikzneas kclueks pnrlu`tks safrn suk ërnk hn ktukìêa n
n`têa pnrlu`tkeas qukds sêa as hads ekdarns hnskidas pkrk kuen`tkr snus
`nlújdas. Hurk`tn a prajnssa, sn iar kpraprdkha, en`jda`keas qun, jaea
uek kctnr`ktdvk pkrk kpn`ks rnjnfnr k d`iarekìêa par n-ekdc, ncns pahne
jkhkstrkr-sn ne ue hn `assas pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`tas a`cd`n.
Jd`ja `avas vn`hnharns jaenìkrke k utdcdzkr nssn prajnssa n ne kpn`ks
uek snek`k kpraxdekhken`tn > hn jkhk ;2 jcdn`tns patn`jdkds rnspa`hnrke
k nssk ainrtk kctnr`ktdvk hdzn`ha? –Fne, n`vdn-en k d`iarekìêa n hnpads
hnjdhdrnd―. Hurk`tn k snek`k d`tndrk, jn`tn`ks hn pnssaks rntrujkvke jae
nssk ensek afonìêa qun hndxkvk as vn`hnharns sne krluen`tas. Kssde qun
auvd dssa, as trnd`nd pkrk uskr nssk rnspastk? –Fne sn`mar, snrë ue prkznr
n`vdkr `assa ektnrdkc d`iarektdva. Hn ikta, ncn oë nstë k jked`ma. Eks hndxn-
en ja`tkr-cmn a qun kja`tnjn jae ks pnssaks qun rnjnfne `assa ektnrdkc. Au
ncns a cnne n idjke têa deprnssda`khas jae k d`iarekìêa qun kjkfke
jkhkstrk`ha-sn `k ja`inrï`jdk a`cd`n hk qukc nstau ikck`ha klark. Au, ncns
nstêa têa denrsas ne snu eaha rnktdva, rnkld`ha kas snus `nlújdas, qun
`u`jk tnrêa tnepa hn cnr a ektnrdkc au hn encmarkr suk neprnsk, n kjkfke
par ikznr `khk. Ed`mk pnrlu`tk pkrk vajï ä? Yajï ä a tdpa hn pnssak qun
prninrdrdk kldr n kprn`hnr klark k hupcdjkr snus `nlújdas1 Au vajï nstë
ajupkha hnekds rnkld`ha kas snus ktukds `nlújdas pkrk hnhdjkr-sn k kprn`hnr
ks mkfdcdhkhns pkrk encmarë-cas1
^sk`ha
jcdn`tns nssn ratndra,
patn`jdkds qun as vn`hnharns
uskrke kqunckkuen`tkrke snus rnsuctkhas
ensek afonìêa, id`kds. Has
entkhn jkhkstrau-sn
pkrk k ja`inrï`jdk a`cd`n `a prdendra tncnia`nek. K pnriarek`jn encmarau
denhdktken`tn sú hn khdjda`kr ekds ue pnhkjd`ma hn trnd`ken`ta `a
prajnssa. Nssk sdtukìêa `êa nrk nxktken`tn uek jrdsn, eks `ús nstëvkeas
pnrhn`ha entkhn hn `assas jcdn`tns patn`jdkds sdepcnsen`tn parqun `d`luäe
pkrau pkrk pn`skr ne ue krluen`ta cúldja pkrk kqunck afonìêa ne
pkrtdjuckr. Dssa eastrk qun ue pauqud`ma hn trnd`ken`ta vkd ca`ln.
N`têa, `êa hndxneas ks pnssaks â enrjï hn khdvd`mkìþns ne enda k uek
jrdsn au ne qukcqunr autrk sdtukìêa ne suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta.
Jacaqunea-cks ne pasdìþns hn skfnr
skfnr a
 a qun ikznr ne jkhk sdtukìêa lrkìks k
ue trnd`ken`ta snek`kc.
 

K Vnpntdìêa ä K Jmkvn

Ka
pkrkjrdkr snu pralrkek
prä-pralrkekr sukhn trnd`ken`ta,
neprnsk cnefrn-sn hn
au hnpkrtken`ta quniu`jda`kr
pkrk rnpntdìêajaea
ä k jmkvn
uek
eëqud`k. K jrdkìêa ha pralrkek hk Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks iad
ja`jnfdhk fksnkhk ne uek sdepcns rnlrk? `d`luäe sn tar`k fae ne `khk
sne rnpntdìêa. A jkrktï rnqunr uek trnen`hk hdsjdpcd`k. Ä prnjdsa rnpntdr as
eavden`tas hdvnrsks vnzns. Dssa sn kpcdjk ka tï`ds, ka lacin au k qukcqunr
autra nspartn. Rrktdqun, prktdqun n prktdqun ekds ue pauja n, kå sde, quk`ha
vajï jaenìkr k haed`kr as eavden`tas hn iarek qun skdfk nxktken`tn a
qun ikznr, tuha sn tar`krë neajda`k`tn. Eks kqunck afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k vne
ne prdendra culkr.
A quêa k särda vajï nstë cnvk`ha suk neprnsk1 Yajï nstë frd`jk`ha hn
caod`mk au judhk`ha has `nlújdas1 Hn kjarha jae Zu` Xzu ne  K Krtn hk
Lunrrk,, ue has ncnen`tas nssn`jdkds hk vdtúrdk ä nssn? –Kquncn qun jaek`hk
Lunrrk
ue nxärjdta vdlarkha jae a ensea nspårdta ne taha suk mdnrkrqudk vn`jnrë―
:. Jaea vajï drë k`dekr tahk suk nqudpn jae a ensea nspårdta1 Jae trïs
pkckvrks? trnd`a, trnd`a n ekds trnd`a.
Ka snrne ja`trktkhas, k ekdardk has snrvdìas hn trnd`ken`ta hn qukcdhkhn
kjndtëvnc faefkrhndk k neprnsk jae uek n`aren quk`tdhkhn hn d`iarekìêa
n ne snludhk vêa nefark. K nqudpn ek`täe ue frdcma skuhëvnc n fa`dta
hurk`tn k snek`k qun sn snlun. K pnrjnpìêa ä k hn qun k neprnsk iad
vkcardzkhk parqun rnjnfnu eudtk d`iarekìêa. Eks, ne rnkcdhkhn, sne iaccaw-
ups ja`stk`tns, eudta pauja ä kfsarvdha ne trnd`ken`tas dsackhas.
Ja`sdhnrk`ha nssk afsnrvkìêa, as trnd`ken`tas qun `êa ainrnjne uek
ja`td`udhkhn sêa encmar qun `khk, eks vajï nstë prnstns k hnsjafrdr qun
nxdstn uek ek`ndrk encmar.
Ka kctnr`kr a ektnrdkc prd`jdpkc rnluckren`tn, as enseas ja`jndtas sêa
ja`stk`tnen`tn rn-n`iktdzkhas n rndtnrkhas. Ks mkfdcdhkhns sêa depkjtkhks
denhdktken`tn ne qukcqunr has hads eätahas hn trnd`ken`ta, `a n`tk`ta, ks
mkfdcdhkhns sêa depkjtkhks pnrek`n`tnen`tn jae rnpntdìêa ja`stk`tn. Zn

vajï ja`snludr
enseas ikznr jae pkhra`dzkhas,
prajnhden`tas qun taha snu pnssakc ikcn k ensek
k jaeu`djkìêa cå`lukencmarkrë
d`tnr`k n sdlk as
 

hrkektdjken`tn parqun tahas jaepkrtdcmkrêa hk ensek praiu`hk n rdjk ia`tn

hn ja`mnjden`ta.
^sk`ha jaea nxnepca ks jaepntï`jdks kprn`hdhks `a Jkpåtuca ^e, snlun
a qun snrdk uek tåpdjk jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha n a parquï hnssk rnpntdìêa snr
têa nssn`jdkc. @nstn lrëidja, pahneas vnr qun cala kpús kclue trnd`ken`ta
hn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa qun ä rnkcdzkha, më ue kuen`ta denhdkta ne
mkfdcdhkhns. A qun kja`tnjn hnpads qun a trnd`ken`ta ä indta sn `êa më
iaccaw-up1 Jaea pahn snr vdsta kqud, më uek qunhk denhdktk hks mkfdcdhkhns
rnjäe-kprn`hdhks. Ä `nssn pa`ta qun k ekdardk hks neprnsks n pralrkeks
pkrk7 partk`ta, kclueks
kclueks mkfdcdhkhns
 mkfdcdhkhns snju`hërdks pnrek`njne, eks k vnrhkhn
ä qun `êa ä passåvnc ekldjken`tn trk`siarekr k tahas ne praidssda`kds hn
khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa jae uek ÿ`djk snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta.
 

A qun `arekcen`tn ikìa, ne ed`mks prúprdks neprnsks n `ks has enus

jcdn`tns, ä ja`stk`tnen`tn n`sd`kr k ensek d`iarekìêa rnpntdhken`tn ktä qun
kqunck mkfdcdhkhn sn tar`n pnrek`n`tn. K mkfdcdhkhn pralrdhn ue pauja ekds
jae autrk snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta, eks më ue ekdar kpravndtken`ta parqun a
ja`tnÿha ä a ensea. K qunhk ajarrnrë `avken`tn, eks `êa têa
hrkektdjken`tn quk`ta hk vnz k`tnrdar. N n`têa mkvnrë autrk snssêa hn
trnd`ken`ta, n autrk, n ks mkfdcdhkhns pralrnhdrêa kd`hk ekds, n ks qunhks
snrêa en`arns. Rahneas vnr qun, k jkhk `avk snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta, a
haeå`da tatkc tar`k-sn jkhk vnz ekds tk`låvnc.

Jaea Vnkcdzkr uek Znssêa hn Xrnd`ken`ta

K`tns hn d`djdkr uek snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta, as pkrtdjdpk`tns hnvne nstkr
jdn`tns ha qun nspnrkr?
A ja`tnÿha k snr n`sd`kha,
[uk`ta tnepa cnvkrë,
Jaea k d`iarekìêa snrë trk`sedtdhk,
A afontdva hkqunck snssêa ne pkrtdjuckr,
K mkfdcdhkhn au ja`mnjden`ta qun vajï nspnrk qun ncns aftn`mke.

[uk`ha ks pnssaks tïe ue n`tn`hden`ta jckra safrn a qun nstêa prnstns k

auvdr n vnr, ncks nstêa en`tkcen`tn prnpkrkhks n iajkhks pkrk a trnd`ken`ta.
Ä departk`tn jrdkr ue kefdn`tn hn trnd`ken`ta qun snok prapåjda ka
kprn`hdzkha. Xar`n-a hdvnrtdha! Jrdn ue kefdn`tn d`iarekc a`hn ks pnssaks
passke ikznr jaen`tërdas, pdkhks n sulnstþns sne snrne rnprnn`hdhks. Dssa
`êa ä ue trnd`ken`ta edcdtkr. Ks pnssaks hnvnrêa k`dekr-sn parqun skfne
qun snrë d`tnrnssk`tn n nstdeuck`tn. Jaea en`jda`nd `a jaenìa hnstn
jkpåtuca, kprn`hnr `êa ä kcla qun k ekdardk hks pnssaks ikz `kturkcen`tn. Oë
qun k ekdardk ha `assa pnssakc rncutkrë ne hnhdjkr ue tnepa ka trnd`ken`ta,
vajï prnjdsk tar`ë-ca hdvnrtdha, d`tnrnssk`tn, nstdeuck`tn n ktä neajda`k`tn.
N, kjdek hn tuha, a trnd`ken`ta hnvn snr afrdlktúrda. Jacaqun-a `a marërda
jaea ue jaepraedssa `êa `nlajdëvnc. @khk hn ja`suctks eähdjks. @khk hn
ja`suctks ka hn`tdstk. @êa më hnsjucpks. Ktä as nxärjdtas hn ue maene sú
 

hnvne tnr nssk ktdtuhn. Nstkfncnìk ue marërda n jaepraentk-sn k snlud-ca ‚ k

qukcqunr justa.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnrë `a Jkpåtuca Adta, `ús rntneas uek quk`tdhkhn
ja`sdhnrkvncen`tn ekdar hn d`iarekìêa sn k vneas n nsjutkeas ka ensea
tnepa, ne vnz hn kpn`ks nsjutë-ck. Eks `ús rntneas ekds d`iarekìêa kd`hk
sn nstkeas ktdvken`tn n`vacvdhas ne `assa kprn`hdzkha jaea, par nxnepca,
quk`ha pkrtdjdpkeas hn nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa au hn autras nxnrjåjdas
nhujktdvas. ^sn ka en`as rnjursas vdsukds ne snu trnd`ken`ta n dssa
kuen`tkrë k rntn`ìêa hn iarek ja`sdhnrëvnc. Xrk`sedtdr ue kjÿeuca lrk`hn
hn d`iarekìêa `ks prdendrks snssþns ä kjndtëvnc jksa vajï prnjdsn trk`sedtdr
eudtk d`iarekìêa. N`trntk`ta, a `åvnc ekds kcta hn rntn`ìêa snrë aftdha jae
kpcdjkìêa prëtdjk n n`vacvden`ta ja`stk`tn. Hnssk iarek vajï kcjk`ìkrë ue
ekdar pralrnssa `k prahutdvdhkhn. Rartk`ta, `êa kpn`ks jrdn uek kpastdck hn
trnd`ken`ta pkrk hdstrdfudr. Ekrqun a marërda, rnsnrvn k skck n tar`n k snssêa
hn trnd`ken`ta afrdlktúrdk.
N`jarkon pnrlu`tks, pdkhks, d`sdlmts, pkrtdjdpkìêa n muear. Xrktn tahks ks
pnrlu`tks jae rnspndta, d`hnpn`hn`tn ha quêa kfsurhks snoke! Ek`tn`mk snu
pnssakc iajkha, eks `êa as ikìk sn`tdr jaea sn nstdvnssne ikzn`ha pkpnc hn
fafas.
Nxdstn uek vkrdnhkhn hn eätahas n inrrken`tks hn trnd`ken`ta qun pahne
snr uskhks jaea jaepcnen`ta pkrk snu ektnrdkc. Edsturkr ue pauja hn jkhk
eätaha ä uek fak dhndk pkrk ktn`hnr suks `njnssdhkhns n ek`tnr ks pnssaks
kjarhkhks. Ynokeas kclueks?

 Iarekta hn Rkcnstrk
Dssa sdl`didjk qun vajï ikck n ncns auvne. Nssn eätaha ä fae pkrk ue
kjÿeuca lrk`hn hn d`iarekìþns, eks `êa pkrk kcla qun prnjdsn hn ue d`put
sufstk`jdkc au prajnssken`ta ha lrupa.

Rnrlu`tks ne Lrupa
Yajï nxpþn pnrlu`tks lnrkds ka lrupa n pnhn kas qun skfne k rnspastk
pkrk qun cnvk`tne ks eêas. Nssn eätaha ek`täe as pkrtdjdpk`tns n`lkokhas,
pads ä d`tnrktdva. Ikznr pnrlu`tks k ue lrupa tkefäe ä eudta prëtdja quk`ha
vajï qunr eastrkr a qun nstë sn`ha trktkha ne uek jnrtk snssêa hn

trnd`ken`ta.
pahnrasa qun Cnvkr
hdznr k ks
nckspnssaks âs suks prúprdks
k qukc ja`jcusêa hnvnrdkeja`jcusþns ä eudta
jmnlkr. Xkcvnz vajï ekds
ikìk
 

pnrlu`tks jaea? –[une idjk irustrkha quk`ha `êa tne k rnspastk k uek
pnrlu`tk hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar1― au –[une lastkrdk hn snr têa
praidssda`kc qun, d`hnpn`hn`tn ha qun kpkrnìk, nstkrë prnpkrkha pkrk cdhkr
jae kqudca1― –[une kjmk qun trnd`ken`ta n nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa
hnvnrdke ainrnjnr d`sdlmts khdjda`kds ne rnckìêa k jaea cdhkr jae sdtukìþns
hdiåjnds1― Ikznr nssks pnrlu`tks pahnrë ludkr a lrupa â ja`jcusêa qun vajï
hnsnok qun ncns jmnlune.

 Hdsjussþns ne Lrupa
Jaea `a iarekta hks pnrlu`tks ne lrupa, vajï snrë a enhdkhar hn uek
hdsjussêa ne rnckìêa k ue kssu`ta n hnsnokrë qun snu lrupa cmn hï ue
innhfkjg ekds nspnjåidja. Dssa ek`tnrë k tahas n`lkokhas, eks kqud k
nssï`jdk hks rnspastks ä jrujdkc pkrk k snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta. Rar nxnepca, sn
nstau hk`ha uek pkcnstrk n pnrlu`ta –[une kqud oë pkrtdjdpau hn wargsmaps
`k neprnsk1― Kclueks pnssaks cnvk`tkrêa ks eêas. N n`têa pnrlu`ta?
–Yajïs nstêa lastk`ha1― @nstn eaen`ta, aftnrnd ue innhfkjg nspnjåidja ha
qukc passa nxtrkdr tneks ne jaeue jae a kssu`ta qun snrë kfarhkha
`kqunck snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta.

Xrnd`ken`ta hn Hnea`strkìêa
Jae nssk täj`djk hn trnd`ken`ta, a supnrvdsar hnea`strk jaea a
iu`jda`ërda hnvnrdk rnkcdzkr k tkrnik. Hdlkeas qun k tkrnik snok kln`hkr
rnu`dþns. A supnrvdsar jrdk a jn`ërda ‚ ncn cdlk pkrk ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc pnck
prdendrk vnz a`hn a afontdva ä kln`hkr uek rnu`dêa jae a hdrntar nxnjutdva.
^ek rnjnpjda`dstk dekld`ërdk ktn`hn ka tncnia`n. A supnrvdsar cï a ratndra
qun snrë uskha par tahas `k nqudpn hn vn`hks pkrk ja`snludr pksskr k trdklne
hk rnjnpjda`dstk n jmnlkr ktä a hdrntar nxnjutdva. Hnpads hk hnea`strkìêa, a
supnrvdsar sacdjdtk pnrlu`tks n tnstk a `åvnc hn jaeprnn`sêa has iu`jda`ërdas.
Ne snludhk a supnrvdsar pnhn kas iu`jda`ërdas pkrk cnr a ratndra, n`quk`ta
ncn hrkektdzk k snjrntërdk.

 Nxnrjåjdas hn Hrkektdzkìêa
A nxnrjåjda hn hrkektdzkìêa ä uek iarek nxtrneken`tn nidjkz hn
trnd`ken`ta. ^sneas ue nxnepca hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar. ^ek
neprnsk qun tne jaea entk vn`jnr `a oala oë tnrë nstkfncnjdha –ks sntn
qunstþns ekds irnqun`tns hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar―. Ensea qun nxdstk
 

ue ek`ukc nxpcdjk`ha nxktken`tn a qun ikznr ne jkhk sdtukìêa, nxnrjåjdas

hn hrkektdzkìêa pahne tar`kr dssa ne rnkcdhkhn hn iarek nidjkz. Nxnrjåjdas
hn hrkektdzkìêa kouhke jkhk pnssak k kutaektdjken`tn ikznr a qun hnvn,
ensea qun k kprnssne, k hnskidne au qun nck nstnok n`vactk ne hdstrkìþns.
Jnrta hdk nu nstkvk cdlk`ha pkrk ed`mk jaepk`mdk hn tncnia`dk eúvnc
parqun enu kpkrncma ekldjken`tn jaenìau k rnjnfnr par vactk hn snds
en`skln`s hn tnxta par snlu`ha ‚ jmnlkvk tuha hnshn `atåjdks â prnvdsêa hn
tnepa n marúsjapa. Nu nstkvk cdlk`ha pkrk pnhdr qun nssk apìêa iassn
hnskfdcdtkhk n, hnva khedtdr, nu nstkvk depkjdn`tn parqun a ktn`hn`tn `êa
pkrnjdk skfnr ha qun nu nstkvk ikck`ha, kpnskr hn nstkr nxpa`ha enu
prafcnek jckrken`tn. Ed`mk nspask nstkvk sn`tkhk ka enu ckha quk`ha a
ktn`hn`tn hnscdlau `k ed`mk jkrk. Nck kjmau qun iad fne enrnjdha parqun nu
nstkvk depkjdn`tn jae a rnprnsn`tk`tn hn ktn`hden`ta. Eks nu idqund iurdasa.
Yajï trnd`au suk nqudpn pkrk ja`sackr au hnscdlkr `k jkrk hn ue jcdn`tn
d`sktdsindta1
@k rnkcdhkhn, nssn jn`ërda iad hnskstrasa, eks snrdk uek nxjncn`tn
inrrken`tk sn uskha jaea jn`ërda pkrk ue nxnrjåjda hn hrkektdzkìêa n`trn
ue supnrvdsar n ue rnprnsn`tk`tn hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar. Â enhdhk
qun a supnrvdsar ktukssn hn iarek ekds n ekds krralk`tn n ekc-nhujkhk, a
nxnrjåjda snrvdrdk k hupck id`kcdhkhn hn prnpkrkr as iu`jda`ërdas pkrk k pdar
sdtukìêa n pravdhn`jdkrdk ue kcåvda jøedja pkrk k snssêa hn trnd`ken`ta.
Rartk`ta, sde, vajï pahn hdvnrtdr-sn n rdr hn ue jcdn`tn drkha (jaea nu), eks
dssa trk`sedtn a tae `a qukc nssks pnssaks hnvne snr trktkhks. @êa hnscdlkr a
tncnia`n ne suks jkrks, eks ktn`hnr n ja`iartë-cas. Ka n`trkr ne ja`tkta jae
uek neprnsk, ä iëjdc dhn`tdidjkr quk`ha nck rnkcdzau nssn tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta
au `êa.

 Mat Znkts (^e Kpraiu`hken`ta)

As mat snkts sêa
snkts sêa ue eätaha kctken`tn nidjkz hn encmarkr ks mkfdcdhkhns.
Nu as usa ja`stk`tnen`tn jae enus jcdn`tns. Hurk`tn a prajnssa hn
depcnen`tkìêa hn ue `ava pralrkek au prajnhden`ta, nu jacaja as
rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks safrn a mat snkt . Ikìa pnrlu`tks rëpdhks n ne
snquï`jdk hn iarek rnpntdtdvk, ktä qun ncns rnspa`hke k tuha pnrindtken`tn.
Rar nxnepca, jnrtk vnz tdvneas ue jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk nqudpken`tas hn
nsjrdtúrda.
lnrn`tn hnZnnsjrdtúrda
snus rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks
hn uek neprnsk td`mke ncns
patn`jdkc, ue `êa
n`ja`tra jae a
ja`snludke
 

rnsuctkha kclue. ^e tåpdja lnrn`tn hn nsjrdtúrda `êa tne k kutardhkhn hn

kpravkr a arìken`ta pkrk rnpar kclu`s nqudpken`tas ekdarns, jaea
iatajapdkhark, n sdstneks jaeputkjda`kds ensea quk`ha ne usa nrke
rkrdhkhns jae ;> k`as hn`tra ha nsjrdtúrda. K ktdtuhn nrk sneprn k ensek?
ja`tk`ta qun nstnok iu`jda`k`ha, `êa a ja`snrtn! As lnrn`tns hn nsjrdtúrda
tkcvnz ktä saufnssne hks vk`tkln`s k ca`la prkza ne ktukcdzkr a
nqudpken`ta ha nsjrdtúrda, eks `k ekdardk hks vnzns ncns nrke d`nidjdn`tns
ne pnrsukhdr a lnrn`tn sï`dar k kpravkr a arìken`ta. Enu jcdn`tn quds n`têa
ikckr hdrntken`tn jae a hdrntar nxnjutdva id`k`jndra. Eks as rnprnsn`tk`tns
pnrjnfnrke qun k ekdardk has hdrntarns nxnjutdvas id`k`jndra as n`vdke
hdrntken`tn hn vactk kas lnrn`tns hn nsjrdtúrda parqun sêa ncns qune judhke
ha nqudpken`ta ha nsjrdtúrda. Rkrk hrdfckr nssk sdtukìêa, `ús hncdfnrkhken`tn
prajurkeas as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas id`k`jndras, skfn`ha qun ncns `as drdke
nepurrkr hdrntken`tn ka hdrntar nxnjutdva id`k`jndra. Xrkfkcmkeas jae a
eätaha ha –oala hn nepurrk― n a kpnrindìakeas.
As mat snkts iarke
snkts iarke k pnìk jmkvn `k depcnen`tkìêa ha eätaha ha –oala ha
nepurrk― parqun nu pnrjnfdk qun as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks irnqun`tnen`tn
puckvke kclue pkssa ha prajnssa qun `ús mkvåkeas têa d`tncdln`tnen`tn
jrdkha. Rar nxnepca, ue d`lrnhdn`tn hnjdsdva pkrk lkrk`tdr k nidjëjdk hnstn
eätaha ä hkr ka hdrntar nxnjutdva id`k`jndra k inrrken`tk qun ncn passk
pksskr pkrk k pnssak qun vajï rnkcen`tn qunr kcjk`ìkr, a qun `arekcen`tn
snrdk ue eneark`ha hn iaccaw-up. @a n`tk`ta, nu pnrhd k ja`tk hn quk`tks
vnzns as mat snkts 
snkts  icklrkrke rnprnsn`tk`tns qun `êa mkvdke snludha nssn
pkssa.
Jacaqund
kspnjta as vn`hnharns
ha prajnssa `a mat
ktä qun snkt  n
  n idzkfsacutken`tn
nu nstdvnssn pnrlu`tks hntkcmkhks safrn
jnrta qun ncnsjkhk
a
td`mke haed`kha n a snludrdke jarrntken`tn hk prúxdek vnz. N idz a ensea
ktä jae a ha`a hk jaepk`mdk. Lrkìks k nssn ÿ`dja prajnssa, nssk nqudpn
pkssau hn quktra k :2 ktn`hden`tas par snek`k. Eks, pkrk snr jckra, cnvau
jd`ja ensns hn afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa n hdsjdpcd`k pkrk trk`siarekr nssk
neprnsk ne uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks .

 Nstuhas hn Jksa ^skhas jaea Eätaha hn Xrnd`ken`ta

Hk ensek iarek qun cdhnd jae k neprnsk hn nqudpken`tas hn nsjrdtúrda,
snu trnd`ken`ta
as ja`jndtas hnvnrdk
sn`ha uskr nxnepcas
n`sd`khas idznrkeja`jrntas n nstuhas
uek lrk`hn hn jksa
hdinrn`ìk. Ks`as qukds
pnssaks
 

cnefrke-sn hn mdstúrdks, nspnjdkcen`tn quk`ha ncks sêa hrkeëtdjks au

n`lrkìkhks. Më huks ek`ndrks hn d`jcudr ue nstuha hn jksa ne uek snssêa hn
trnd`ken`ta pkhrêa. ^e nstuha hn jksa hnvnrdk eastrkr jaea kcluäe inz
tuha nrrkha n jaea kqudca pdarau k sdtukìêa. Autra nstuha hn jksa hnvnrdk
eastrkr jaea kcluäe ikz tuha jarrntken`tn n jaea dssa iu`jda`au
nxjnpjda`kcen`tn fne.

 Nxnrjåjda
Rn`sn klark ne kclue nstuha hn jksa pkrk suk ërnk qun dcustrn uek
departk`tn cdìêa safrn kcla qun hnvnrdk snr trktkha. Nsjrnvk-a jae
a eëxdea hn hntkcmns qun vajï ja`snludr cnefrkr.

Xnstn K`tnsja`jndta
Rkrk jkhk n Hnpadsau mkfdcdhkhn qun vajï n`sd`kr, hnsn`vacvk ue tnstn
`kqunck ërnk pkrk k nqudpn. N sn vajï rnkcen`tn qunr qun snu trnd`ken`ta
snok kfsarvdha, hï a tnstn kas d`tnlrk`tns hk nqudpn k`tns ha trnd`ken`ta. Dssa
eastrkrë k ncns a quk`ta kprn`hnrêa n, a ekds departk`tn, ikrë jae qun ks
rnspastks snoke kfsarvdhks ka snrne kprn`hdhks. Ne snludhk, hnpads ha
trnd`ken`ta, ncns pahnrêa ikznr a tnstn `avken`tn n sn`tdr-sn rnkcdzkhas ka
kjnrtkrne tahks ks qunstþns.

A Xnstn Zurprnsk

@ks neprnsks
iu`jda`ërdas qun hdrdld,
rnjnfdke tnstns
ue tnstn surprnsk
surprnsk nrke pacåtdjk
ka jaepkrnjnr hn neprnsk.
â rnu`dêa As
snek`kc,
dlukc kas tnepas hn nsjack. Ncns rnseu`lkvke, rdke n ikzdke pdkhks, eks
pauja k pauja, snok cë qukc iassn a kssu`ta, nssn nrk nvn`tukcen`tn
kfsarvdha. [ukds sêa as snds pkssas pkrk k khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa1 As ;6
pkssas pkrk sn aftnr ue marërda hn rnu`dêa1 As sntn pkssas pkrk vn`hnr1 Ks
snds pnrlu`tks qun hnvne snr indtks k taha jcdn`tn patn`jdkc1 Ncns skfdke ks
rnspastks. Nu as pralrkend hn tkc iarek qun sn vajï tnstkr kclu`s vn`hnharns
qun trkfkcmkrke pkrk ede më ;2 k`as ktrës, ncns kd`hk tnrêa ks rnspastks `k
pa`tk hk cå`luk.
 

^e Xrnd`ken`ta ne Xnj`acaldk pahn Kckvk`jkr k

Rrahutdvdhkhn
Cnefra-en hn tnr cdha ne kclue culkr qun k ekdardk has pralrkeks hn
saitwkrn
afsnrvk`haä uskha
ue hnne ktä kpn`ks
enus ;2% fkdxkr
ja`suctarns hn snuue
patn`jdkc.
krqudvaAutra
hn snuhdkn-ekdc.
nu nstkvk
Ncn
kfrdu a n-ekdc, kfrdu ue hajuen`ta hn RawnrRad`t, jcdjau `k iu`ìêa –skcvkr
jaea― kfkdxa hk apìêa –krqudva― n a skcvau hn`tra hn uek pkstk. Rnlund a
eausn n sdepcnsen`tn krrkstnd a krqudva hdrntken`tn pkrk k pkstk. Ncn `êa
ja`snludk kjrnhdtkr qun iassn têa iëjdc. Më k`as, ncn skcvkvk as krqudvas ne
k`nxa jaea hajuen`tas snpkrkhas, sne skfnr qun ncns pahdke sdepcnsen`tn
snr krrkstkhas pkrk k pkstk nsjacmdhk.
Incdzen`tn, ncn `êa nrk ue ja`suctar hn tnj`acaldk, eks nssk neprnsk
`u`jk tnvn `n`mue tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta tnj`acúldja. A `åvnc hn mkfdcdhkhn
nrk vnrla`masa. Zulnrd qun k neprnsk depcnen`tkssn kclue tdpa hn
trnd`ken`ta ja`stk`tn n hurkhaura pkrk qun tahas as iu`jda`ërdas saufnssne
uskr k tnj`acaldk hdspa`åvnc hn ek`ndrk ekds rëpdhk n nidjdn`tn. Më nxjncn`tns
pralrkeks hn saitwkrn hn tutardkds â vn`hk qun n`sd`ke k uskr k tnj`acaldk
nidjkzen`tn.
K encmar ek`ndrk hn ja`huzdr ue trnd`ken`ta hn tnj`acaldk ä nstkfncnjnr
marërdas afrdlktúrdas n tar`ë-ca tatkcen`tn d`tnrktdva. Â enhdhk qun a
d`strutar n`sd`k a ja`tnÿha, jkhk ue hnvn snlud-ca nxnjutk`ha jkhk tkrnik
par sd ensea. Enrken`tn eastrkr kas iu`jda`ërdas jaea rnkcdzkr kcluek
apnrkìêa `êa sdl`didjk qun ncns snrêa jkpkzns hn rnkcdzkr nssk apnrkìêa par sd
enseas. Kquncns qun cnvke ondta jae tnj`acaldk `arekcen`tn tar`ke-sn
depkjdn`tns jae kquncns qun `êa a sêa ‚ ncns qunrne sdepcnsen`tn pnlkr
`kquncn eausn n eastrkr jaea sn ikz. ^ek hnssks pnssaks qun tne ikjdcdhkhn
pkrk tnj`acaldk trkfkcmk ne ed`mk nqudpn n vactk n endk prnjdsa hkr ue
tkpd`mk ne suk eêa n pnredtdr-en ikznr as jcdjgs sazd`ma pkrk qun nu passk
kprn`hnr encmar. N, `avken`tn, k pnìk jmkvn kqud ä k rnpntdìêa. Ä encmar
n`sd`kr jd`ja ktkcmas n rnpntd-cas hurk`tn trïs snek`ks snludhks, hurk`tn ks
snssþns hn trnd`ken`ta qun n`sd`kr jd`ja `avas ktkcmas tahk snek`k n `êa
ja`snludr qun `n`mue snok kfsarvdha. Nstkeas tahas têa ajupkhas
trkfkcmk`ha qun `êa hnhdjkeas tnepa pkrk kprn`hnr nssns ktkcmas.
Rar nxnepca, lasta hn kuen`tkr k ia`tn hk cntrk ne ed`mk tnck pkrk qun nu
 

`êa prnjdsn uskr enus újucas n`quk`ta trkfkcma ne enu jaeputkhar. N

hnpads prnjdsa cnefrkr-en hn kctnrkr a tkek`ma hk ia`tn hn vactk ka tkek`ma
`arekc k`tns hn n`vdkr a hajuen`ta pkrk ue jcdn`tn. ^e hdk, n`quk`ta enu
täj`dja nstkvk en afsnrvk`ha ikznr dssa, ncn en eastrau qun `k fkrrk hn
inrrken`tks ha \arh, më uek pnqun`k ok`nck a`hn vajï pahn kuen`tkr a
–zaae― sne kuen`tkr a tkek`ma rnkc hk ia`tn. Ka ca`la has k`as nu
jnrtken`tn hnspnrhdjnd ue eïs ha tnepa kuen`tk`ha k ia`tn n hnpads
hded`ud`ha-k hn vactk ka tkek`ma ardld`kc. Më pravkvncen`tn hnzn`ks hn
jadsks qun vajï ikz pkrk ks qukds kclue pralrkekhar ln`dkc jrdau ktkcmas.
A n-ekdc ä autrk ërnk a`hn a trnd`ken`ta ä jmkvn. Nu iud k ÿctdek pnssak k
khatkr a usa hn n-ekdc n klark `êa passa vdvnr sne ncn. Eks kprn`hd k usë-ca
jae ue praidssda`kc afsnrvk`ha n ludk`ha-en hurk`tn vërdas eaen`tas ka
ca`la hk snek`k pkrk n`sd`kr jkhk vnz ekds ktkcmas n ek`ndrks ekds iëjnds
hn ikznr ks jadsks. A ensea kja`tnjnu jae a RawnrRad`t. Nu `êa
ja`snludrdk vdvnr sne nssks inrrken`tks maon. A nepurrêa `k prahutdvdhkhn ä
n`aren.
Klark, kprnsn`tkrnd a trnd`ken`ta ekds pahnrasa qun vajï pahn
passdvncen`tn depcnen`tkr ne qukcqunr neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta.

Xrnd`ken`ta ne Nstdca \argsmap

As wargsmaps sêa uek ek`ndrk pahnrask hn vdkfdcdzkr a trnd`ken`ta,
encmarkr ks mkfdcdhkhns n depcnen`tkr `avas prajnhden`tas. Nssn eätaha ä
têa nidjkz pkrk encmarkr qukcqunr neprnsk, hnpkrtken`ta, qunstêa au
mkfdcdhkhn, qun hnhdjkeas ue jkpåtuca d`tndra sú pkrk ncn. @a prúxdea
jkpåtuca, vajï kprn`hnrë k usë-cas pkrk rnsacvnr qukcqunr prafcnek `k suk
arlk`dzkìêa n pkrk encmarkr qukcqunr ërnk hn mkfdcdhkhn.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc a snu pck`a hn trnd`ken`ta1 Xuha iu`jda`k encmar jae ue
pck`a,
jaenìkrpartk`ta
k jrdkr nsjrnvk ks pnrsa`kcdzkha
snu pck`a rnspastks âs snlud`tns pnrlu`tks
hn trnd`ken`ta. pkrk
Nsjrnvk
 

qukcqunr jadsk qun vdnr â suk jkfnìk, ensea qun vajï `êa skdfk
par a`hn jaenìkr. @a prúxdea jkpåtuca, vajï uskrë nssks
k`atkìþns pkrk hnsn`vacvnr snu pck`a hn trnd`ken`ta n nxpø-ca hn
iarek jckrk pkrk jrdkr ue pralrkek arlk`dzkha.

[un tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta vajï ainrnjnrë1

[une1 [ukds hnpkrtken`tas au pnssaks qun prnjdske hnstn tdpa hn
trnd`ken`ta1
Rar qun1 [ukc snrë a depkjta1
[uk`ha vajï drë ja`huzdr a trnd`ken`ta1
Jaea1 [ukds eätahas snrêa uskhas n par qun sêa a encmar
ektnrdkc pkrk a ja`tnÿha k snr trk`sedtdha1

Ja`jcusêa
Hnsn`vacvnr ue pralrkek hn trnd`ken`ta irnqun`tn n ja`stk`tn drë jkpkjdtë-
ca k rnkcdzkr hn iarek nintdvk n sdstneëtdjk a snlud`tn?

Xrnd`kr `avas iu`jda`ërdas k nstkrne sneprn pra`tas pkrk kìêa.

Ktukcdzkr ja`mnjden`ta n mkfdcdhkhns hn iu`jda`ërdas nxdstn`tns pkrk
qun tuha qun ikìke snok encmar, ekds d`tncdln`tn n ekds rëpdha.
Rravdhn`jdkr ue hnsn`vacvden`ta praidssda`kc ja`tå`ua pkrk qun snu
pnssakc sn tar`n jkhk vnz ekds nidjkz.
Vnsacvnr qukcqunr n taha prafcnek qun kpkrnìk ne suk arlk`dzkìêa.
Zn vajï rnsnrvk ue pnråaha hn tnepa pkrk kidkr ks mkfdcdhkhns n encmarkr
a ja`mnjden`ta hn jkhk ërnk, suk neprnsk pksskrë k iu`jda`kr hn iarek ekds
d`tncdln`tn n rëpdhk ‚ kssde jaea uek eëqud`k hn vn`hks pnrindtken`tn
kid`khk. Ks neprnsks qun depcnen`tkrne as encmarns trnd`ken`tas snrêa
ha`as ha iutura, partk`ta trnd`n ja`stk`tnen`tn, trnd`n jae n`tusdksea n
trnd`n n`quk`ta vajï n`trntäe. Rar ÿctdea, n dssa `êa hnvn snr dl`arkha,
trnd`n au sd`tk har.
Jae ue trnd`ken`ta ja`stk`tn snek`kc ne jkhk ërnk hk suk neprnsk,
vajï pahnrë ncnvkr as pkhrþns jkhk vnz ekds n ncnvkr a pkhrêa hn
pnriarek`jn pkrk tahk snu pnssakc. Zn vajï rnkcen`tn qunr tar`kr-sn uek
 

Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , a trnd`ken`ta ä a iktar hnjdsdva, `êa departk

a quêa lrk`hn au pnqun`a vajï snok.
 

Nxnjutk`ha Vnu`dþns Nidjdn`tns

Jaea Xrkfkcmkr Ou`tas pkrk Encmarkr Jkhk Kspnjta hk suk

Neprnsk ^sk`ha Xrnd`ken`tas hn \argsmap

K encmar ek`ndrk hn ja`strudr uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks n ek`tï-

ck iu`jda`k`ha jae k ekdar icudhnz passåvnc ä tnr rnu`dþns hn wargsmap
ja`stk`tns, kctken`tn prahutdvks n hnhdjkhks â encmardk hn jkhk kspnjta hn
snu `nlújda. Ne jkhk uek hnssks rnu`dþns nstkrë iajkhk ne rnu`dr tahks ks
pnssaks rncnvk`tns pkrk ja`snrtkr kpn`ks uek pnqun`k pkrtn hn snu `nlújda.
Ou`tas, vajïs ikrêa uek snssêa hn frkd`stared`l hn pck`as pkrk encmarkr
nssk ërnk ne
id`kcen`tn nspnjåidja,
jrdkrêa ikrêa hnrksju`mas
uek pacåtdjk hn prajnhden`tas
neprnsk nsjrdtk ne pnhrk qunpkrk tnstkr
tahas snrêan
trnd`khas k snludr. Nssk ja`tå`uk ktn`ìêa ka qun nu jmkea hn –as trïs Rs― ‚ 
ck`noken`ta, prajnhden`tas 
prajnhden`tas  n pacåtdjk hk neprnsk 
neprnsk  ‚ ä nssn`jdkc sn vajï
qudsnr trk`siarekr suk neprnsk ikjdcen`tn n rkpdhken`tn ne uek Eëqud`k
Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks .
^e hn enus jcdn`tns tar`au-sn uek hks neprnsks jae a ekdar å`hdjn hn
jrnsjden`ta `as Nstkhas ^`dhas, ja`trktk`ha >2 pnssaks par snek`k. Kqud
vkd uek pnrlu`tk? K suk neprnsk ja`snludrdk ja`trktkr >2 pnssaks par
snek`k n d`tnlrë-cks pnrindtken`tn ne suk arlk`dzkìêa1 N, k`tns hn
rnspa`hnr k nssk pnrlu`tk, vajï ja`snludrdk ja`trktkr ekds autrks >2 `k
prúxdek snek`k1
Zn vajï ä uek neprnsk Iartu`n >22 au uek neprnsk qun kd`hk `ne
ja`trktau snu prdendra iu`jda`ërda, vajï prnjdsk tnr as sdstneks ne hdk k ide
hn ja`snludr rnkcdzkr a prajnssa hn ja`trktkìêa hn acmas injmkhas. Nssk snrë k
hdinrn`ìk n`trn sujnssa au irkjkssa. K neprnsk qun pn`sk jaea uek pnqun`k
neprnsk pnrek`njn pnqun`k. K neprnsk, ensea qun snok ue nxärjdta hn ue
maene sú, qun pn`sk n kln jaea uek lrk`hn neprnsk jrnsjnrë hn iarek
ekds rëpdhk n d`tncdln`tn.
K ekdardk hks neprnsks neprnn`hnharks `êa depcnen`tk as trïs Rs a
suidjdn`tn. Neprnsks ekdarns sêa ekds prapn`sks hn tnr as trïs Rs ne hdk,
 

eks k ekdardk `êa vkd ca`ln a suidjdn`tn `a kpnrindìaken`ta n `k

depcnen`tkìêa hncns. @nstn jkpåtuca vajï kprn`hnrë jaea cnvkr qukcqunr
neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta ka prúxdea `åvnc par enda hn rnu`dþns hn
wargsmap snek`kds iajkhks `a hnsn`vacvden`ta has trïs Rs ne jkhk kspnjta
hn suk neprnsk.
Ka encmarkr suk neprnsk, pn`sn hnssk iarek? –A qun kja`tnjnrdk sn nu
ja`trktkssn >2 pnssaks `k snek`k qun vne n nu qudsnssn qun tahas n`trkssne
`a `nlújda n iassne rkpdhken`tn jkpkzns hn ktd`ldr as ekds kctas `åvnds hn
pnriarek`jn1 [un tdpa hn pralrkek hn trnd`ken`ta prnjdsa pkrk rnkcdzkr
dssa1― N`têa, ja`iaren vajï encmark suk nqudpn hn vn`hks ktukc, rnldstrn
tuha ka ca`la ha prajnssa. Yajï nstkrë jrdk`ha ue ek`ukc hn trnd`ken`ta
pkrk iuturas iu`jda`ërdas ‚ ensea sn, jaea nssn jcdn`tn, vajï `êa nstnok
ja`trktk`ha `d`luäe `a eaen`ta. Ka pn`skr hnssk iarek, snrë iarìkha k
hntkcmkr jkhk pkssa. @êa hndxn `khk, au eudta pauja, â enrjï hk
dekld`kìêa.

A Eahnca hn uek Lrk`hn Neprnsk

Lrk`hns neprnsks `arekcen`tn oë tne ek`ukds hn trnd`ken`ta n prajn-
hden`tas, eks ncns `ne sneprn sêa eudta kpraiu`hkhas. Eudtk jadsk ä
hndxkhk â enrjï hn d`tnrprntkìþns d`hdvdhukds. Rar nxnepca, nu `u`jk vd
`n`muek neprnsk, jae k nxjnìêa hkquncks `ks qukds kpcdqund enu
trnd`ken`ta, qun tdvnssn prajnhden`tas hn iaccaw-up hn cdlkìþns pús-vn`hks
fne pck`nokhas au nxnjutkhas. Dssa quksn sneprn hndxkha â d`tnrprntkìêa
d`hdvdhukc hn jkhk vn`hnhar. [uk`ha dssa kja`tnjn, k qukcdhkhn ha iaccaw-up
vkrdkrë eudta.
Vnjn`tnen`tn, nu nstdvn pnsqudsk`ha ue `ava vnåjuca pkrk rnfajkr enu
fkrja. Hnd ka vn`hnhar enu jkrtêa hn vdsdtks, eks `u`jk ekds tdvn `atåjdks
hncn. Ne vnz hdssa, pkrk ed`mk surprnsk, rnjnfd uek –cdlkìêa hn iaccaw-up
pkrk a ja`tracn hn qukcdhkhn―. Hnpads hn kclueks pnrlu`tks, qudsnrke skfnr
a eatdva pnca qukc `êa nintund k jaeprk. Nxpcdqund a parquï (k ainrtk hn
trkhn-d`/trkhn-d` aiinr ^ZKHA @K XVAJK nstkvk eudta kfkdxa ha vkcar ha
;
 Gnccny
hnsjafrdFcun
qunFaag  ). Nu, par ed`mk
k ja`jnssda`ërdk mkvdk vnz, n`têa quds
tnrjndrdzkha tdrkr kclueks
a iaccaw-up. hÿvdhks
Hnssk prëtdjkn
 

`ksjnu uek ërnk d`tndrk hn `nlújdas snju`hërdas? k vn`hk hn cdlkìþns iaccaw-

up k ja`jnssda`ërdks qun `êa tïe dhndk hn jaea lnrn`jdkr nssk prëtdjk
d`tnr`ken`tn hn iarek kpraprdkhk.
Dssa `êa qunr hdznr qun vajï prnjdsn hdtkr nxktken`tn jaea a iaccaw-up
hnvnrdk snr. @êa ‚ nssn ä autra nrra qun k ekdardk has nxnjutdvas jaentn. A
ÿ`dja qun vajï hnvn ikznr ä tnr rnu`dþns a`hn nssns kssu`tas sêa hdsjutdhas n
hnsn`vacvdhas. Dssa sdl`didjk qun vajï hnvnrdk tnr prajnhden`tas hn iaccaw-
up nxjncn`tns, eks ks pnssaks `a jkepa hn fktkcmk pahne kouhë-ca k
hnsn`vacvï-cas. Ncns trkrêa prajnhden`tas eudta encmarns qun ncns enseas
kouhkrke k jrdkr. Nssn jkpåtuca nxpcdjk jaea.
Ä nssn`jdkc qun vajï rnsnrvn pnca en`as uek mark par snek`k pkrk
trkfkcmkr `as trïs Rs. ^sk`ha ks pkckvrks ha enu fae kedla Edjmknc Lnrfnr
(kutar hn A Edta ha Neprnn`hnhar),
Neprnn`hnhar), dssa ä trkfkcmkr  pkrk
 pkrk   a `nlújda, `êa
kpn`ks hn`tra
hn`tra hk
 hk ërnk ha `nlújda. Hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn lrk`hns `nlújdas,
n `nlújdas qun qunrne snr lrk`hns hnvne prktdjkr ekds nssn ja`sncma. Kqud
nstë jaea.
Eudtks arlk`dzkìþns kcjk`ìke pnqun`ks, sn kcluek, encmark rnkc
k`ukcen`tn n as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas `êa skfne par a`hn jaenìkr pkrk
euhkr dssa. ^e prafcnek tåpdja qun sneprn vnoa ä a hdrntar nxnjutdva au a
hdrntar hn hnpkrtken`ta qun kjrnhdtk qun prnjdsk pn`skr ne tahks sacuìþns
pkrk jkhk prafcnek qun kpkrnjn ne suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta. Zn vajï
tne uek fak nqudpn, ncns a n`jmnrêa hn dhndks `êa kpn`ks pkrk n`ja`trkr as
prafcneks, eks tkefäe pkrk jaea jarrdld-cas, ensea as qun vajï `ne
skdfk qun ncns nxdstke. Xn`tn pnrlu`tkr k ncns. Zneprn hdla kas enus
jcdn`tns? –Zn au
uek rnu`dêa vajï tne uek
wargsmap faksn`sa
ä snu nqudpn, k ÿ`djk
jråtdja―. jadsk qun prnjdskrë trkznr k
jråtdja―.
Cnefrn-sn sneprn hn qun quk`ha vajï pnrlu`tk kas snus iu`jda`ërdas
qukds sêa as prafcneks, ncns drêa d`iareë-ca.
d`iareë-ca. Xkcvnz vajï `êa lastn ha qun
drë auvdr. Eks nssn ä a prdendra pkssa pkrk n`ja`trkr n jarrdldr ks ikcmks n
hnindtas qun nstêa depnhd`ha-a hn sn tar`kr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks .

\argsmaps
As wargsmaps sêa ue nxjncn`tn eätaha hn iajkr suk en`tn n k hn tahas
 

ne sacuìþns n encmardks hn`tra hn suk arlk`dzkìêa. Ja`huzdr ue wargsmap ä

ue nxnrjåjda `a qukc, ne vnz hn auvdrne vajï ikckr, tahas trkfkcmkrêa ou`tas
ne kclue prafcnek, hnsn`vacvn`ha ks dhndks n d`sdlmts pkrk cnvkr k neprnsk
pkrk irn`tn. Zn vajï ä uek eähdk au pnqun`k neprnsk, pahnrë ja`vdhkr tahas
as iu`jda`ërdas pkrk pkrtdjdpkrne. @u`jk sn skfn hn a`hn ks encmarns dhndks
vdrêa. Âs vnzns ks rnjnpjda`dstks ainrnjne útdeks sacuìþns pkrk prafcneks
hn autras hnpkrtken`tas parqun ncks sêa a prdendra pa`ta hn ja`tkta jae
qukcqunr jcdn`tn, partk`ta ncks tkcvnz passke n`tn`hnr ks `njnssdhkhns has
jcdn`tns encmar qun as kctas nxnjutdvas. Neprnsks lrk`hns hnvnrdke tnr
rnu`dþns hn wargsmap snek`kcen`tn pkrk jkhk hnpkrtken`ta.

As Fn`niåjdas ha Xrnd`ken`ta hn \argsmap

As wargsmaps kouhke k neprnsk k u`dr-sn jaea ue tden. @arekcen`tn,

sn vajï idznr k ensek pnrlu`tk k snds pnssaks hdinrn`tns, rnjnfnrë snds
rnspastks hdinrn`tns. Rar nxnepca, ne eudtks neprnsks, sn pnrlu`tkr k snds
pnssaks qukc k prd`jdpkc iarìk hk suk neprnsk, prahuta au snrvdìa, rnjnfnrë
snds rnspastks hdvnrln`tns. Dssa `êa ä fae, n as wargsmaps a kouhkrêa k u`dr
as iu`jda`ërdas n k jrdkr uek vdsêa ekds pahnrask ne tahas as `åvnds hk
neprnsk. N a qun ä kd`hk ekds departk`tn, as wargsmaps ainrnjne uek
apartu`dhkhn pkrk jrdkr uek sd`nrldk ne suk arlk`dzkìêa. Yajï vnrë qun ks
dhndks qun sêa pn`skhks ne lrupa sêa eudta ekds kvk`ìkhks qun qukcqunr
autrk dhndk pn`skhk d`hdvdhukcen`tn, ensea sn vdr ha hdrntar nxnjutdva au a
hdrntar hn hnpkrtken`ta. Ka ensea tnepa, as wargsmaps tkefäe hêa ka
cåhnr hk neprnsk au ha hnpkrtken`ta uek rkrk apartu`dhkhn hn d`icun`jdkr
ktdtuhns, dhndks n k hdrnìêa hk neprnsk.

A Rkssa k Rkssa hn ue \argsmap Nxjnpjda`kc

K prdendrk jadsk k snr indtk ä kln`hkr ks rnu`dþns snek`kds jae snu
pnssakc. Zn suk arlk`dzkìêa ä jaepastk pnca en`as par :2 pnssaks, vajï
pahnrë
pahnrë rnjnfnr k tahas
arlk`dzkr `a prdendra
wargsmaps wargsmap.
nspnjåidjas pkrk Zn më hnpkrtken`ta.
jkhk ekds hn :2 pnssaks, vajïä
Zn vajï
 

ue nxärjdta hn ue maene, pahnrë rnkcdzkr as wargsmaps sazd`ma n a

rnsuctkha snrë praiu`ha ensea kssde. Kln`hn wargsmaps pkrk a prúxdea
k`a n jacaqun-as `a jkcn`hërda hk neprnsk jaea rnqunrden`tas `êa
`nlajdëvnds ha trkfkcma hn tahas. D`djdn-as nssk snek`k.
K snludr, vajï prnjdskrë hnjdhdr qun kssu`ta kfarhkrë `a snu prdendra
wargsmap. Zn mauvnr uek ikcmk úfvdk ‚ jaea k ikctk hn faks prëtdjks hn
khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa au ue pralrkek hn d`hdjkìþns d`nidjdn`tn ‚ prnjdskrë
trkfkcmkr `dssa denhdktken`tn. Eks, pnredtk-en sulnrdr ue nxjncn`tn tnek
hn wargsmap pkrk k ekdardk hks neprnsks n hnpkrtken`tas.
Rnìk k jkhk pnssak `k skck pkrk hkr trïs nxnepcas hn jaea encmarkr kclue
kspnjta hk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta. Rnìk ks pnssaks pkrk `êa rnspa`hnr
denhdktken`tn. Hndxn-ks pa`hnrkr ue pauja safrn kqudca. Hï-cks trïs
ed`utas pkrk pn`skr safrn suks rnspastks n vajï rnjnfnrë encmarns
d`iarekìþns. Hdlk-ks qun sn cnefrkrne hn trïs dtn`s eudta rkpdhken`tn,

pahnrêa k`atë-cas
Ne snludhk, n hnpads
jked`mn ja`td`ukr
pnck khdjda`k`ha
skck n pnrlu`tn â cdstk.
k jkhk pnssak a qun nsjrnvnrke.
@atn qun a cåhnr ha wargsmap passud a ekdar ja`tracn hk nxpnrdï`jdk n ha
rnsuctkha. Ä departk`tn ikznr jae qun nssk snok uek nxpnrdï`jdk pasdtdvk.
Yajï qunr qun ks pnssaks sd`tke-sn k`dekhks pkrk nssks rnu`dþns vn`ha-ks
jaea ue eaen`ta ne qun a lrupa trkfkcmkrë ou`ta n jkhk pnssak snrë
auvdhk jae rnspndta. Â enhdhk qun ks pnssaks hêa suks rnspastks, jnrtdidqun-
sn qun vajï n`tn`hn jckrken`tn a qun hdzne. Vnpdtk a qun iad hdta hn tkc
iarek qun snok iëjdc sn cnefrkr. Hnpads, nsjrnvk jkhk kssu`ta ne ue qukhra
frk`ja au icdp jmkrt.
A cåhnr
pnssaks snrë rnspa`sëvnc
jaepkrtdcmkrne dhndkspnck icudhnz hk
hupcdjkhks, hdlkrnu`dêa. Hnpads
a snlud`tn? hn kclueks
–Eudta fne, hn
iarek qun passkeas rnjnfnr k ja`trdfudìêa hn tahas, vajïs `êa prnjdske
rnpntdr kcla sn dssa oë iad hdta uek vnz―. Yajï idjkrë pksea ka vnr qun tahas
qunrne rnpntdr kcla ensea hnpads hn snu pnhdha safrn jaen`tërdas
hupcdjkhas. @êa snok depkjdn`tn. Kpn`ks hdlk ln`tdcen`tn? –Eudta fae. Dssa
ë nstë k`atkha kqud (`a qukhra frk`ja). N`têa, pnssakc, pkrk qun passkeas
ja`td`ukr kvk`ìk`ha, `êa en hnne dhndks hupcdjkhks. Rrúxdea―.
Jksa snu pnssakc nstnok nspkcmkha pnca pkås d`tndra, vajï pahn rnkcdzkr nssn
wargsmap pnca tncnia`n. Ikìk uek cdstk jae a `aen has pkrtdjdpk`tns pkrk
jnrtdidjkr-sn hn qun tahas hnrke suk ja`trdfudìêa. Rkrk ikznr dssa icudr
`kturkcen`tn pnca tncnia`n, vajï prnjdsk jnrtdidjkr-sn qun tahas n`uenrne
 

jkhk dtne n k`atne k ensek irksn hk ensek iarek pkrk qun kssde vajï
passk rninrdr-sn k nssns pa`tas ekds tkrhn sne jkuskr ja`iusþns. Zuk
tncnja`inrï`jdk pahnrdk idjkr pkrnjdhk jae nssk?

YAJÏ? Eudta fne, Gnccy hdlk-`as qukds sêa suks dhndks pkrk encmarkr
nssn hnpkrtken`ta.
GNCCT? Rahnråkeas uskr jkrtks hn iaccaw-up eudta fne nsjrdtks kpús
d`tnrkldr jae ue jcdn`tn. Ä hdiåjdc kjrnhdtkr ka cnr kclueks hks jkrtks
n`vdkhks kas jcdn`tns. Nrras hn hdldtkìêa, pässdeas nrras hn
lrkeëtdjk, oë vd hn tuha.
YAJÏ?  Útdea. Rnssakc, nsjrnvke dssa pkrk `ÿenra quktra? –Jrdkr
jkrtks pkhrêa hn iaccaw-up―.

Yajï pahnrë vactkr ekds tkrhn ka dtne `ÿenra 8, > au = n tahas pahnrêa
kjaepk`më-ca. Yajï prnjdskrë cnr k irksn jaepcntk tahk vnz qun rninrdr-sn k
nck.

Jacajkr ks Dhndks ha \argsmap ne Kìêa

Jaea rnsuctkha ha snu prdendra wargsmap, vajï tnrë uek cdstk hn jadsks
qun prnjdske snr trkfkcmkhks pkrk encmarkr snu `nlújda. Ne frnvn eastrkrnd
jaea prdardzkr suk cdstk hn dhndks n ikznr hnck k cdstk prd`jdpkc k snr uskhk `a
pck`noken`ta hn iuturas wargsmaps. Jkhk ue hnssns dtn`s prnjdskrë hn snu
prúprda
lukrhn kwargsmap pkrk rnsacvnr prafcneks
cdstk n entahdjken`tn trktn hn au
jkhkrneavnr afstëjucas.
qunstêa ktä qun Rartk`ta,
tahas as
prafcneks tn`mke sdha rnsacvdhas.
 enhdhk qun vajï rnkcdzk nssns wargsmaps, eudtks jadsks vdrêa â ta`k qun
snrêa iëjnds hn ja`snrtkr, jrdkr au encmarkr. Eks surldrêa autrks qun snrêa
hdl`ks hn uek ktn`ìêa ja`tå`uk, oë qun cnvkrêa tnepa pkrk snrne
sacujda`khks. @kquncn eaen`ta, a jmnin pahnrë hnsdl`kr ks pnssaks qun
hnvne rnkcdzkr kclueks rnspa`skfdcdhkhns nspnjåidjks k`tns hk prúxdek
rnu`dêa. Eudtks vnzns, as dtn`s ekdarns n ekds trkfkcmasas surldrêa n nxdldrêa
a trkfkcma ja`ou`ta hn vërdks pnssaks. Xkcvnz snoke tkrniks qun rnqundrke
tnj`acaldk au n`vacvke sdstneks hdinrn`tns au hdinrn`tns `åvnds mdnrërqudjas
 

hk nqudpn. @nssns jksas, vajï prnjdskrë prdardzkr n hncnlkr hn ek`ndrk

kpraprdkhk.
Ja`iaren as wargsmaps jrdke prajnhden`tas n pacåtdjks pkrk sacujda`kr
prafcneks a cåhnr n`vdkrë ue eneark`ha pús-wargsmap qun hdz? –a
wargsmap hnssk snek`k sacujda`au a prafcnek hks d`ja`sdstï`jdks `a
ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar. Znlun kfkdxa ks `avn jadsks qun pahnrë ikznr
quk`ha ue jcdn`tn nstdvnr d`sktdsindta―. Kquncn eneark`ha ä lukrhkha ne
ue idjmërda d`tdtuckha –pkstk hn prajnhden`tas― n dssa tar`kr-sn-ë ue ek`ukc
hn trnd`ken`ta pkrk `avas iu`jda`ërdas. Jkhk eneark`ha hnvn ja`sdstdr ne
uek pëld`k au huks, hn iarek qun `a id`kc ha k`a vajï tn`mk hn >2 k ;22
pëld`ks hajuen`tk`ha ue k`a d`tndra hn wargsmaps. Ka tnstkr n id`kcdzkr as
prajnhden`tas n `areks qun cdhke jae kqunck qunstêa, rntdrn a eneark`ha
k`tdla n jacaqun ue `ava, jae k `arek oë ekds hntkcmkhk n hnsn`vacvdhk.
Dssa iu`jda`k encmar quk`ha kcluäe ä n`jkrrnlkha hn ktukcdzkr a idjmërda

pkrk rnicntdr
Nssn tahawargsmap
sdepcns a jrnsjden`ta n k jurvk
ä k prdendrk hn kprn`hdzkha
jadsk hk neprnsk.
qun ikìa jaea ja`suctar nxtnr`a
quk`ha n`tra `k neprnsk pkrk encmarë-ck. Rkrk eudtks hncks, nssk prëtdjk
kfrdu ks partks pkrk jrdkr euhk`ìks pasdtdvks n pnrek`n`tns. Kqud nstë ue
nxnepca.

Ja`snrtk`ha Rrafcneks hn Ktn`hden`ta ka Ja`suedhar

ne Huks Marks Vnha`hks
Vnjn`tnen`tn, rnu`d-en jae as vd`tn iu`jda`ërdas hn uek nhdtark pkrk snu
prdendra wargsmap. Rnrlu`tnd a snlud`tn? –[ukds sêa as afstëjucas pkrk a
jrnsjden`ta hnssk neprnsk1― Nsjrnvneas k cdstk `a qukhra frk`ja n k
prdardzkeas. ^e has afstëjucas nrk qun mkvdk –d`ja`sdstï`jdks hnekds `k
ek`ndrk ne qun as ktn`hn`tns cdhkvke jae rnjckekìþns―. N`têa iajkeas a
snlu`ha wargsmap nxjcusdvken`tn `nssk irksn, pnhd`ha k tahas nxnepcas hn
quk`ha dssa kja`tnjdk. Mkvdk hnzadta d`ja`sdstï`jdks hdstd`tks pnrjnfdhks pnck
nqudpn. K neprnsk `u`jk sn hnu ka trkfkcma hn jrdkr prajnhden`tas n
`areks-pkhrêa `ks qukds as iu`jda`ërdas puhnssne sn fksnkr pkrk cdhkr jae
nssks
surldked`ja`sdstï`jdks. Jaea
jn`tn`ks hn vnzns rnsuctkha,
hurk`tn eudtks
ue ÿ`dja k`a nhnssks hnzadta
k ekdardk hncks qunstþns
kjkfkvk
 

sn`ha trktkhk pnca prúprda prnsdhn`tn. @a n`tk`ta, jaea k ekdardk has

prnsdhn`tns, ncn nstkvk têa ajupkha qun `u`jk pkrau pkrk jrdkr sacuìþns
pnrek`n`tns. Dssa nrk pkrjdkcen`tn hnvdha â hdidjuchkhn qun ncn td`mk hn
denhdktken`tn n ikjdcen`tn pn`skr ne sacuìþns. @avken`tn, kqud nstë ue
jksa a`hn a prnsdhn`tn kjmkvk qun ncn td`mk qun rnsacvnr tahas as prafcneks
n, `k vnrhkhn, `êa prnjdsk. Fkstk rnu`dr-sn jae ks pnssaks qun cdhke
hdrntken`tn jae as prafcneks n sdepcnsen`tn pnhdr sacuìþns.
Ou`tnd k nqudpn ne uek skck n, ne uek mark, mkvåkeas sacujda`kha `avn
has hnzadta prafcneks hn iarek jacntdvk. @k snek`k snlud`tn sacujda`keas
as autras `avn. K ekdardk hnssks qunstþns sdepcnsen`tn prnjdskvk snr trktkhk
uek hn jkhk vnz `k prnsn`ìk ha prnsdhn`tn. Ne kclu`s jksas, jrdkeas jkrtks
pkhrêa qun cdhkvke jae a prafcnek. Ne autras jksas, jrdkeas uek snìêa `k
pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt qun cdstkvk rnspastks pkhrêa pkrk kclueks hks qunstþns qun
surldke. Nssk nhdtark td`mk indta kclueks nsjacmks ne snu ja`tnÿha nhdtardkc

qun irnqun`tnen`tn
prahutas jkuskvk [uk`ha
pkrk as idcmas. rnjckekìþns hn pkds qun jaeprkvke
as ja`suedharns rnjckekvke,snusa
rnprnsn`tk`tn hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar hdzdk? –Afrdlkhk par jmkekr
`assk ktn`ìêa k nssk qunstêa. Yajï `êa ä a prdendra k hdznr dssa, n
klrkhnjneas suk jackfarkìêa Wma`rn a ja`suedharU. Oë nstkeas trktk`ha
hnstn kssu`ta ne nspnjåidja n cmn n`vdkrnd ue cd`g hk `assk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt
a`hn vajï pahnrë cnr `assk vdsêa safrn nssn kssu`ta. Zn, kpús cnr dssa, vajï
kd`hk `êa nstdvnr sktdsindta, par ikvar ja`tktn-en `avken`tn. Ks qunstþns qun
vêa kcäe hks `assks pacåtdjks hn neprnsk sêa trktkhks trdenstrkcen`tn pnca
`assa prnsdhn`tn. Rartk`ta, jksa vajï ja`td`un d`sktdsindta jae `assk
kfarhklne
@k pëld`kkahkkssu`ta, park ikvar
D`tnr`nt, kvdsn-`as.―
qunstêa nrk kfarhkhk hntkcmkhken`tn n hn iarek
ja`vd`jn`tn qun nxpcdjkvk parqun k neprnsk apnrkvk hkqunck ek`ndrk. Hnssk
iarek, ne vnz ha prnsdhn`tn cdhkr jae kclu`s hnssns kssu`tas hdkrdken`tn,
ncn kpn`ks prnjdskrdk hn uek rnu`dêa trdenstrkc pkrk k`kcdskr as jksas `as
qukds kcluäe `êa nstkvk sktdsindta jae ks `areks au pasdìêa hk neprnsk.
K autrk jadsk qun idzneas iad hnsn`vacvnr uek mdnrkrqudk hn sacuìþns qun
as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar pahdke ainrnjnr pkrk hndxkr
a jcdn`tn sktdsindta. Ne autrks pkckvrks, jkhk rnprnsn`tk`tn iad kutardzkha k
ainrnjnr uek sacuìêa. Zn a ja`suedhar ja`td`ukssn d`sktdsindta, a
rnprnsn`tk`tn pahnrdk ainrnjnr autrk sacuìêa. Zn a ja`suedhar kd`hk
ja`td`ukssn d`sktdsindta, a rnprnsn`tk`tn ainrnjnrdk uek tnrjndrk sacuìêa. Nssn
 

prajnhden`ta jkpkjdtau a pnssakc hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar jae `åvnds

hn kìþns qun ncns pahdke taekr k`tns hn prnjdskr n`vacvnr ue supnrvdsar.
Ä d`jråvnc dekld`kr qun nssk neprnsk nstnvn ne iu`jda`ken`ta jae tk`tas
prafcneks fësdjas n `ús as rnsacvneas ne huks marks usk`ha iaja n
jaeu`djkìêa ne ue wargsmap.
Dekld`n jaea snrdk sn vajï pck`nokssn, tnsskssn n nstkfncnjnssn `areks
pkrk jkhk pkssa ha prajnssa hn vn`hks, hnshn k k`lkrdkìêa, ka tncnekrgntd`l,
â d`djdkìêa hn d`tnrkìêa jae jcdn`tns, â ja`struìêa hn rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk n
hdrntken`tn k jkhk hntkcmn ha iaccaw-up. N quk`ha ue `ava iu`jda`ërda ä
ja`trktkha ‚ Xjmk`! ‚ kcd ja`jn`trkha ne ue ÿ`dja culkr n`ja`trke-sn a
ja`mnjden`ta jacntdva, k jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha n k d`tncdlï`jdk hn tahas as
vn`hnharns, hntkcmk`ha ks –encmarns prëtdjks― pkrk jkhk pkssa ha prajnssa
hn vn`hks. Jae qun vncajdhkhn a `ava vn`hnhar ja`snludrë n`trkr `a oala
hn vn`hks1 N a quêa encmar snrë nssn vn`hnhar sn vajï ainrnjnr nssn tdpa hn

trnd`ken`ta hurk`tn as prdendras hdks1

Hk`ha Ja`td`udhkhn kas \argsmaps

Nqudpkha jae uek inrrken`tk hn trnd`ken`ta hnssks, cala vajï snrë jkpkz
hn ja`trktkr >2 pnssaks ne uek snek`k, n n`têa hkrë endk vactk n ikrë tuha
`avken`tn `k snek`k snlud`tn. As wargsmaps kouhke qukcqunr neprnsk hn
qukcqunr tkek`ma k ja`snludr jae qun tahks ks ktdvdhkhns nxdstn`tns
iu`jda`ne ekds n ekds jaea uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks . K jmkvn ä
hkr ja`td`udhkhn kas wargsmaps. K prapúsdta, kqud nstêa d`struìþns pkssa k
pkssa pkrk autra wargsmap pkrk ue prafcnek k snr sacujda`kha. Zn vajï qunr
nxtrkdr a eëxdea hnssks d`struìþns, prnjdskrë rnkcen`tn ikznr as nxnrjåjdas
jae snu pnssakc. Zdlk ks d`struìþns `k arhne kprnsn`tkhk, rnkcdzk`ha jkhk
pkssa â enhdhk qun vajï kvk`ìk. Yajï atdedzkrë k nxpnrdï`jdk.
Nssn ä ue útdea wargsmap pkrk tahas? a qun ekds vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr ka
ja`suedhar `a kta hk jaeprk1

RKZZA ;?  Hnsdl`n uek pnssak pkrk cdhnrkr a lrupa. Ne pnqun`ks

neprnsks a hdrntar nxnjutdva `arekcen`tn ä k encmar apìêa, k en`as qun ncn
au nck prnidrk kpa`tkr autrk pnssak `a lrupa. Zn vajï ä ue nxärjdta hn ue
 

maene sú, ikìk-a sazd`ma. Znrë eudta vkcdasa.

RKZZA 6? Ne ue qukhra frk`ja, nsjrnvk k pnrlu`tk ne qunstêa? –A qun

ekds vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr ka ja`suedhar `a kta hk jaeprk1

Afsnrvkìêa Vninrn`tn k Nssn \argsmap

Hurk`tn ed`mk nxpnrdï`jdk hn depcnen`tkìêa hnstn wargsmap, hnpads hn
tnreas tnred`kha n tnstkha ks vërdks apìþns, jmnlkeas â ja`jcusêa qun uek
ne trïs pnssaks jaeprkrêa kcla k ekds sn dssa iar ainrnjdha `a kta hk
jaeprk. Maon ne hdk, a prajnssa ekds jkra pkrk uek neprnsk ä khqudrdr
`avas ja`suedharns. ^ek vnz qun nssn ja`suedhar nstë â suk partk,
qukcqunr autrk jadsk qun ncns jaeprkrne kuen`tkrë ks ekrln`s hn cujra
sufstk`jdkcen`tn. Rartk`ta, tahk neprnsk hnvnrdk ainrnjnr prahutas au
snrvdìas khdjda`kds `a kta hk jaeprk. Ne ue has jksas, trkfkcmnd jae uek
neprnsk hn jkcn`hërdas qun ja`vn`jnu kclueks caoks k jacajkr –spd``nrs―
(prktncndrks qun snrvne hn kpada kas jkcn`hërdas) ka ckha ha jkdxk n`quk`ta
ncn hdzdk? –Yajï oë nsjacmnu snu jkcn`hërda dcustrkha1 Xneas 69 tdpas
hdinrn`tns n pahne snr khqudrdhas jaea útdeas prnsn`tns par en`as hn
$;2,22―. Kpraxdekhken`tn trïs hn jkhk hnz pnssaks jaeprkvke ue
jkcn`hërda. Eudtas cnvkvke ekds hn ue pkrk hkr hn prnsn`tn.
N kqud nstë k lrk`hn skjkhk qun vajï rnkcen`tn hnvnrdk ja`sdhnrkr ka
tn`tkr kuen`tkr as cujras. Ja`mnìa uek neprnsk hn saitwkrn qun injmau ue
kjarha jae autrk neprnsk hn saitwkrn pkrk khdjda`kr ue prahuta jartnsdk. K
prdendrk neprnsk vn`hnu a saitwkrn hk snlu`hk neprnsk n ks huks hdvdhdrke
a cujra. K prdendrk neprnsk mkvdk indta k pkrtn ekds hdiåjdc? ja`qudstkr a
ja`suedhar. Nck iad jkpkz hn kuen`tkr snu –cujra par ja`suedhar― ka
khdjda`kr ue prahuta nxtrk hk autrk neprnsk qun `ne prnjdsau hnsn`vacvnr.
N`têa, jaea uek sulnstêa k tahks ks neprnsks, nssn ä ue útdea nxnrjåjda.
Ynokeas klark ek`ndrks hn jaea pn`skr ne ekds dhndks pkrk dssa.

RKZZA :?  Klark pnìk kas pkrtdjdpk`tns ha lrupa pkrk k`atkr ne snus
fcajas hn k`atkìþns tahk n jkhk dhndk qun ncns tdvnrne. Hï k tahas kclu`s
ed`utas pkrk pn`skr. @êa pnredtk qun ncns kfk`ha`ne kcluek dhndk. A cåhnr
hnvn pkrtdjdpkr tkefäe. Yajï vnrë qun ks dhndks hk ekdardk hks pnssaks sn

nslatkrë
vajï nstëhnpads hn hads
ikzn`ha dssa ed`utas,
sazd`ma, partk`ta nssnja`td`uk
a nxnrjåjda ä ue fae nspkìa
sn`ha hn tnepa.
a ensea? Zn
k`atn
 

tuha a qun vdnr k jkfnìk qun vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr kas snus ja`suedharns. A
fn`niåjda hn ikznr dssa jae ue lrupa ä qun eudtks jkfnìks pn`sk`ha ou`tks
afvdken`tn pn`skrêa ne eudta ekds passdfdcdhkhns

@ÊA JA@XD@^N K CNDX^VK. RKVN K[^D N IKÌK A

N]NVJÅJDA.
RKZZA 8?  @nstn eaen`ta a cåhnr ha nxnrjåjda pnhdrë kas pkrtdjdpk`tns
pkrk jaepkrtdcmkrne suks dhndks. Ncn n`têa ks nsjrnvnrë `a qukhra frk`ja,
rnsued`ha-ks ne uek cdstk.

RKZZA >?  Rrdardzn. Arlk`dzn uek vatkìêa pkrk hnjdhdr qukds dhndks
iu`jda`krdke encmar. Ks apd`dþns d`hdvdhukds euhkrêa â enhdhk qun k
d`tncdlï`jdk jacntdvk ha lrupa ä jaepkrtdcmkhk. @nstn pa`ta, aftn`mk ue
ja`sn`sa lnrkc.
Rnìk kas pkrtdjdpk`tns qun acmne pkrk a qukhra frk`ja n n`uenrne suk
prdendrk, snlu`hk n tnrjndrk nsjacmks. Ne autrks pkckvrks, a qun ncns kjmke
qun snrdk a ekds departk`tn k snr indta ne prdendra, snlu`ha n tnrjndra culkr.
Rnìk ka lrupa pkrk nsjrnvnr suks rnspastks, rnja`sdhnrk`ha suks nsjacmks.
Yajï tne :2 snlu`has, n`têa vë cala.

@ÊA JA@XD@^N K CNDX^VK. RKVN K[^D N IKÌK A

N]NVJÅJDA.
RKZZA 9? A cåhnr ha lrupa n`têa pnhdrë k jkhk pnssak pkrk rnvnckr suks
nsjacmks. Ka ckha hn jkhk apìêa `a qukhra, nsjrnvk trïs pkuzd`mas pkrk k
nsjacmk `ÿenra ue, hads pkrk k snlu`hk n ue pkrk k tnrjndrk.
Klark jkcjucn as rnsuctkhas. A `ÿenra ekds kcta snrë k nsjacmk jacntdvk
`ÿenra ue ha lrupa, n kssde par hdk`tn. As dtn`s qun rnjnfnrke a ekdar
`ÿenra hn vatas snrêa as qun vajï d`tnlrkrë kas prúxdeas wargsmaps. Jartn
k cdstk cala kfkdxa hk qud`tk apìêa ‚ au hk snxtk sn vajï rnkcen`tn prnjdskr
hn ekds ue dtne. Znu qukhra frk`ja idjkrë ekds au en`as kssde?
 

;. Znrvdìa khdjda`kc ; DD
6. Znrvdìa khdjda`kc 6 DD
:. Znrvdìa khdjda`kc : DD
8. Znrvdìa khdjda`kc 8 D
>. Znrvdìa khdjda`kc >, ntj.

@a id`kc ha nxnrjåjda, vajï ikjdcen`tn dhn`tdidjkrë as vn`jnharns7 jaea vajï

pahn vnr, as `ÿenras ; n : rnjnfnrke k ekdar quk`tdhkhn hn vatas.

RKZZA <? Depcnen`tkìêa? Më ;2 pkssas pkrk depcnen`tkr qukcqunr `ava

ja`jndta pkrk uek neprnsk. Nxpcdjkrnd nssns pkssas ne frnvn.
^ek vnz qun vajï pnrjnfk a qun ä passåvnc kcjk`ìkr jae as wargsmaps,
sne hÿvdhks k`sdkrë par ekds. Vnkcdzn-as tahk snek`k, n ne ue k`a nstkrë
trkfkcmk`ha ne uek arlk`dzkìêa jaepcntken`tn hdinrn`tn, jae encmardks
sufstk`jdkds ne jkhk ërnk hn snu `nlújda. Zdepcnsen`tn pkrn tuha uek vnz
par snek`k par uek mark pkrk ja`snrtkr tahks ks jadsks `k suk neprnsk qun
`êa nstêa iu`jda`k`ha hk ek`ndrk qun vajï lastkrdk au pkrk khdjda`kr `avks
encmardks, iartkcnjn`ha kssde snu `nlújda au snus cujras.

Nxnepca
Yactneas ka nxnepca hk neprnsk hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns jaea uek
mdstúrdk hn sujnssa tk`ta pkrk jkhk kspnjta ha wargsmap jaea tkefäe
pkrk k suk depcnen`tkìêa. Nssn jcdn`tn en n`vdau kclueks lrkvkìþns
has vn`hnharns ikck`ha jae jcdn`tns. Ne uek hks lrkvkìþns, auvd
uek vn`hnhark ikck`ha jae uek sn`mark hn <= k`as qun usk ue
k`hkhar pkrk sn cajaeavnr. Nck cdlau pkrk ja`trktkr as snrvdìas hn
cdepnzk pkrk snu tkpntn. ^e marërda iad kln`hkha pkrk qun a snu tkpntn
iassn fusjkha n cnvkha â iëfrdjk (jkrpntns prnjdske snr ckvkhas `k
prúprdk jksk), a`hn ncns tïe uek nstruturk pkrnjdhk jae uek eëqud`k
hn ckvkr ldlk`tn, `k qukc sn pahn jaepcntken`tn sufenrldr, ckvkr n
snjkr snu tkpntn. K ja`vnrsk jae k sn`mark hn dhkhn snludu-sn hk
snlud`tn ek`ndrk?
ZN@MAVK? Fne, n ne rnckìêa ka k`tdhnrrkpk`tn nefkdxa ha tkpntn1
 

Xkefäe nstë enda suoa.

YN@HNHAVK? Nssn k`tdhnrrkpk`tn tne quk`tas k`as hn usa1
ZN@MAVK? ^`s ;> k`as.
YN@HNHAVK? Km, ncn oë nstë eudta vncma. Zn `ús tn`tëssneas ckvë-
ca, ncn sn hnsd`tnlrkrdk.
ZN@MAVK?  Fae, kjma qun tnrnd qun jaeprkr ue k`tdhnrrkpk`tn
`ava.
YN@HNHAVK?  Km sde. Yajï hnid`dtdvken`tn tnrë qun rnpar nssn
k`tdhnrrkpk`tn.

Oë qun nu sau a ja`suctar n snd jaea ä jkra ja`qudstkr `avas jcdn`tns,

pn`sa? –Ncns hnvnrdke vn`hnr k`tdhnrrkpk`tns. Ark, ncns oë nstêa jae a tkpntn
kcd ensea `k iëfrdjk. Ncns pahne jacajkr a tkpntn safrn a ektnrdkc
k`tdhnrrkpk`tn, jartë-ca `a tkek`ma jnrta, n`racë-ca n n`vdë-ca hn vactk
u`tken`tn jae a tkpntn. Ä ue útdea prahuta khdjda`kc―.
N`têa nu cdla pkrk a ha`a? –Xn`ma uek útdek dhndk pkrk snu `nlújda. Yajï
hnvnrdk vn`hnr k`tdhnrrkpk`tns―. Ncn hdz, –Eks `ús vn`hneas
k`tdhnrrkpk`tns―. Nu rnspa`ha, –@êa, `k vnrhkhn vajïs `êa vn`hne―, n
jacaja k lrkvkìêa pkrk qun ncn nsjutn. A ha`a n`têa vkd ikckr hdrntken`tn
jae k vn`hnhark n pnrlu`tk k nck parqun `êa ainrnjnu ue k`tdhnrrkpk`tn k
sn`mark. K vn`hnhark rnspa`hnu? –Nu `êa qunrdk ikzï-ck sn`tdr-sn
prnssda`khk―.
@k vnrhkhn, nssk neprnsk passuåk snds útdeas prahutas khdjda`kds. A
prafcnek nrk eatdvkr as vn`hnharns k ainrnjï-cas. Kcäe hn tkpntns, ncns
tkefäe cdepkvke
tkpntns tkefäe saiës
pahn snrn uskhk
jkeks.`as
K tnj`acaldk k vkpar
eúvnds a`hn qun`tn pkrk
`as sn`tkeas (aucdepkr
a`hn
`assas jkjmarras sn sn`tke) a hdk taha. Nstuhas eastrke qun uek skck hn
nstkr passud jd`ja edcmþns hn ëjkras hn pú. @assas jarpas sêa nqudpkhas pkrk
cdhkr jae nssns ëjkras, eks suks inzns n ks fkjtärdks qun sn kcden`tke hncks
pahne jkuskr uek d`injìêa fkjtnrdk`k. (Jaea vajï pahn vnr n jaea sn
kpraiu`hkrë ekds `a prúxdea jkpåtuca, hkhas ha enrjkha pahne snr lrk`hns
eatdvkharns.) Oalkr vkpar qun`tn `kqunck jkek au saië ektk as lnrens.
Ou`tkeas tahas as vn`hnharns ne ue wargsmap n pnrlu`tkeas? –[ukc hn
vajïs ä jkpkz hn hdznr qukc ä a encmar eätaha pkrk ainrnjnr tahas tahas   as
snrvdìas pkrk taha
taha as
 as jcdn`tns ne tahks
tahks ks
 ks cdlkìþns1― ^e hncns sulnrdu qun
cdstëssneas as snds snrvdìas ainrnjdhas hdrntken`tn `k idjmk ha pnhdha.
 

N`quk`ta ikckvke jae a jcdn`tn, ncns pahnrdke jacajkr ue –x― ne tahas as

dtn`s `k idjmk pkrk d`hdjkr qukds iarke ainrnjdhas. Nssk nrk uek útdek
sulnstêa, n`têa hnjdhdeas tnstë-ck n depcnen`të-ck jaea ue prajnhden`ta
hn neprnsk. Znludeas nstns ;2 sdepcns pkssas n, hnpads hn eudtas ensns hn
afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n trkfkcma hura, ja`snludeas qun tahas
tahas   as vn`hnharns
ainrnjnssne tahas
tahas as
 as snrvdìas ktahas
ktahas as
 as jcdn`tns netahks
netahks ks
 ks cdlkìþns.
Ynokeas klark as pkssas pkrk depcnen`tkr `avas ja`jndtas, euhk`ìks n
jrnsjden`ta hn`tra hn suk arlk`dzkìêa.

;2 Rkssas pkrk Depcnen`tkr [ukcqunr @avk @arek

^e has encmarns nxnjutdvas qun oë ja`mnjd ä a Zjatt Mkccek` hk Fusd`nss
Lrawtm Hy`kedjs qun hnsn`vacvnu suk neprnsk hn tkc iarek qun nck sn
tar`au k >4ª neprnsk hn ue tatkc hn >22 jae a ekdar å`hdjn hn jrnsjden`ta
hk rnvdstk D`j. Ncn ä kquncn nxnjutdva qun nu mkvdk en`jda`kha qun nstkvk
ja`trktk`ha >2 `avas iu`jda`ërdas par snek`k. Hn ikta, `a pdja ha
jrnsjden`ta hk neprnsk, ncn nstkvk ja`trktk`ha >> `avas iu`jda`ërdas par
snek`k. Hnshn n`têa, a Zjatt sn tar`au ue trnd`khar, n`sd`k`ha ks pnssaks k
jaea kuen`tkr as cujras ne suks arlk`dzkìþns n jaea jrdkr prajnssas hn
depcnen`tkìêa. As pkssas qun nxpcdjkrnd k snludr fksnkrke-sn ne kclueks
dhndks ha prúprda Zjatt. Xkefäe iarke d`spdrkhas ne kclueks nxpnrdï`jdks
ed`mks `a rkea n jaea ue trnd`khar qun prnjdsau haed`kr as prajnssas hn
depcnen`tkìêa.

;. Ikìk qun Xahas Zd`tke k Har

Rkrk jrdkr euhk`ìks rnkds ne qukcqunr arlk`dzkìêa, vajï prnjdsk kouhkr k
tahas, d`jcud`ha vajï ensea, k hnid`dr, cdstkr n d`tn`sdidjkr k har qun vïe hn
`êa ja`snrtkr
`êa  ja`snrtkr a prafcnek. [uk`ha ks pnssaks jaenìkrne k pn`skr ne snus
prafcneks, ncks sn jacajkrêa `k pasdìêa hn kprn`hdzns, n nssk ä k ktdtuhn qun
vajï qunr qun ncks tn`mke pkrk aftnr rnsuctkhas praiu`has.
K prdendrk vnz qun idz uek depcnen`tkìêa ne uek neprnsk Iartu`n >22,
ja`huzd uek pnsqudsk hn`tra hk neprnsk. Aftdvn faks dhndks n ks kprnsn`tnd
 

ka hdrntar nxnjutdva. Ncn idjau deprnssda`kha n kjmau qun snu d`vnstden`ta

nstkvk sn`ha fne lksta. N`têa ncn ek`hau tahk suk nqudpn hn vn`hks ‚ 6>>
pnssaks ‚ k Hn`vnr, a`hn nu kprnsn`tnd ed`mks dhndks k ncns.
D`tncnjtukcen`tn, ncns ks jaeprnn`hnrke, eks, k `åvnc neajda`kc,
ja`jarhkrke kpn`ks ne pkrtn. @a hdk snlud`tn, ncns ks tnstkrke
denhdktken`tn. Ks dhndks `êa iu`jda`krke hn jkrk, n`têa as vn`hnharns ks
kfk`ha`krke quksn denhdktken`tn n a pralrkek irkjkssau par jaepcnta.
Yajï pravkvncen`tn oë skfn qun tdpa hn pnssak sau. A irkjkssa `êa
jaefd`k eudta fne jaedla. Nu `êa kjndta jcdn`tns pkrk hnpads irkjksskr ne
ed`mk ja`suctardk. Kprn`hd `kquncn d`stk`tn qun passudr ue sdstnek hn
depcnen`tkìêa nrk eudta ekds departk`tn qun ks dhndks aftdhks pkrk a
jrnsjden`ta hn uek neprnsk. K prdendrk jadsk qun prnjdsk snr indtk sn vajï
qunr qun ks pnssaks euhne ä eastrkr k ncks a parquï ha `êa iu`jda`ken`ta
hks prëtdjks oë nxdstn`tns. Ikìk dssa a ekds d`tn`sken`tn passåvnc.

cks^ek hks hnskidas

qukds encmarns nstêa
ek`ndrks hn ikznr ks@k
n`jkrk`ha. pnssaks sn`tdrne
snlu`hk vnz kqun
har äjrdnd
pnrlu`të-
uek
depcnen`tkìêa hn lrk`hn nsjkck, jaenjnd par nssn nxnrjåjda. Mkvdk kclueks
jn`tn`ks hn vn`hnharns `k skck. Rnrlu`tnd qukds nrke as ekdarns prafcneks
jae as qukds nstkvke hnpkrk`ha-sn `a enrjkha. Rnhd n`têa qun sn ou`tkssne
ne lrupas en`arns pkrk hdsjutdr n vatkr `as prafcneks nsjacmdhas pnca
lrupa. K edsärdk kek k jaepk`mdk. Cnvnd k skck d`tndrk k rnjckekr hk
ja`jarrï`jdk, hk ikctk hn tnepa, has hnskidas qun fktne âs suks partks, n
kssde par hdk`tn. Nu td`mk kclueks sacuìþns fkstk`tn praiu`hks pkrk snus
prafcneks, eks ncks nxdldke uek eahnr`dzkìêa rkhdjkc hk ek`ndrk qun
ikzdke
jurvk hn `nlújdas. Rkrk kfrdr
kprn`hdzkha, suks en`tns
nu skfdk k kcla qun
qun prnjdskvk prnjdskvk
jacajë-cas nehnpasdìþns
uek `avk
hn
sn`tdr k den`sk har rnsuctk`tn ha eahnca ktukc.
Hnpads qun as lrupas hdsjutdrke snus prafcneks, pnhd k jkhk lrupa qun
en hdssnssn qukds as trïs ekdarns hnskidas `as qukds td`mke vatkha. Nsjrnvd
tahas snus prafcneks `a qukhra frk`ja n n`têa pnrlu`tnd sn ncns lastkvke hn
tnr nssns hnskidas. Rnrlu`tnd qune `k skck lastkrdk hn sacujda`ë-cas. –N sn
nxdstdssne ek`ndrks hn sacujda`kr nssns hnskidas, eks ncns nxdldssne eudta
trnd`a n uek jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha jaepcntken`tn `avk1 N sn iassn
`njnssërda hnhdjkr ue pauja ekds hn trkfkcma `a jaenìa pkrk ktd`ldr nssk
jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha eks, uek vnz qun iassn kcjk`ìkhk, nssns hnskidas
snrdke sufstk`jdkcen`tn sn `êa jaepcntken`tn rnhuzdhas1 [une kqud sn
 

k`dekrdk pkrk uek `avk jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha1― Nu usnd a iarekta hn

pnrlu`tks ne lrupa, a qukc nxpcdqund `a jkpåtuca k`tnrdar, hn iarek k
ja`vn`jï-cas.
Nu td`mk kjkfkha hn kprn`hnr a snlrnha pkrk jrdkr euhk`ìk? Yajï prnjdsk
jacajkr ks pnssaks ne uek pasdìêa hn sn`tdr har.
^sk`ha a nxnepca prëtdja hk neprnsk hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns, `ús
prdendra eastrkeas kas vn`hnharns ks ek`ndrks jaea `êa nstkvke
ktn`hn`ha kas snus jcdn`tns. Mkvdk uek dhask jae ue k`hkhar qun tnrdk qun
hnsjafrdr sazd`mk jaea jaeprkr ue k`tdhnrrkpk`tn pkrk snu tkpntn. Ncns
pahnrdke tï-ck kouhkha, eks `êa k kouhkrke. Ne snlu`ha culkr, jrdkeas uek
tkfnck qun eastrkvk qukc snrdk a depkjta ne suks jaedssþns sn kpn`ks uek
ne jkhk jd`ja jcdn`tns jaeprkssn kpn`ks ue has prahutas khdjda`kds. Ka
id`kc hn ue k`a ne qun `êa mkvdke ainrnjdha as prahutas khdjda`kds, ncns oë
td`mke patn`jdkcen`tn pnrhdha $62 edc ne jaedssþns. [un fnck eatdvkìêa

pkrk khkptkr-sn
Autra k uek
nxnrjåjda pkrk`avk nstrktäldk.
kuen`tkr k har hn `êa euhkr ä sdepcnsen`tn ikznr
jae qun tahas trkfkcmne `dssa. Hdlk pkrk jkhk ue nsjrnvnr? –[ukds sêa ks
hnsvk`tkln`s hn `êa euhkr au encmarkr nssn jaepartken`ta1― N n`têa cdstn
nssks hnsvk`tkln`s. Rnredtk-as d`tn`sdidjkr suk prúprdk har.

6. Ea`tn ue \argsmap pkrk Lnrkr Zacuìþns

Oë ikckeas safrn dssa. N sn vajï nstë ne uek pasdìêa hn lnrï`jdk au ä a
hdrntar nxnjutdva, a ÿ`dja qun vajï prnjdsk trkznr k nssn wargsmap snrêa suks
pnrlu`tks n snu sn`sa jråtdja. Znok cë qukc iar a prafcnek, snu pnssakc cdhk
jae ncn tahas as hdks. Ncns tnrêa eudtks dhndks hn jaea sacujda`ë-cas.
Rnrlu`tkeas â nqudpn hn vn`hks qukc snrdk k encmar ek`ndrk hn jnrtdidjkr-
sn qun ncns ainrnjnrdke tahas as snds snrvdìas tahks ks vnzns qun ncns
ikckssne jae ue jcdn`tn. K sacuìêa qun sacujda`au a prafcnek hn iarek
hnid`dtdvk iad cdstkr as snds snrvdìas `k idjmk hn pnhdha n nxdldr qun as
vn`hnharns jacajkssne ue –x― ka ckha hkquncns qun iarke ainrnjdhas.

:. Hnsn`vacvk uek –Zacuìêa au Rrajnhden`ta

 

Ja`jnptukc―
Yajï oë hnid`du a pa`ta qun qunr trkfkcmkr (ainrnjnr a prahuta khdjda`kc
sneprn) n tne ue pck`a has prajnhden`tas qun snrêa snludhas pkrk rnkcdzkr
dssa.
Xkcvnz vajï ktä tn`mk ratndras, cdstks n iacmks jae –jack―. @a jksa hk
neprnsk hn jkrpntns, jacajkr k cdstk has snrvdìas `k idjmk hn pnhdha iad uek
sacuìêa ja`jnptukc. Hdzneas qun uek sacuìêa au ue prajnhden`ta ä
–ja`jnptukc― ktä snrne –tnstkhas― par vajï n snu pnssakc. @nssn jksa, a
prajnhden`ta ä prnta `a frk`ja, eks autrks sacuìþns k snrne tnstkhks tkcvnz
`êa snoke têa sdepcns. Nssks sacuìþns ekds jaepcnxks prnjdskrêa hn
hnhdjkìêa `nstk iksn hn depcnen`tkìêa.
Rkrk jnrtdidjkr-`as qun as vn`hnharns cnrdke k cdstk hn snrvdìas tahks ks
vnzns, tdvneas qun kprnsn`të-cks hn tkc iarek qun iassne pnrjnfdhks jaea
ue ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar n `êa jaea uek vn`hk ka ja`suedhar.
Hnsn`vacvneas kclu`s hdëcalas pkrk tnstkr dssa, tkds jaea? –Kjrnhdtkeas
qun ä `assk afrdlkìêa kcnrtë-ca hn autras snrvdìas qun vajï passk kpravndtkr
maon. N`têa kpn`ks as cdstkrnd. Zn vajï tdvnr d`tnrnssn, pahnrnd iar`njnr ekds
hntkcmns―. A vn`hnhar n`têa cdk uek irksn jurtk pkrk jkhk dtne. Eudtks vnzns,
nssk prëtdjk eatdvkvk pnrlu`tks.
Vnjn`tnen`tn, ktdvnd ue `ava jkrtêa hn jrähdta. @arekcen`tn, tuha dssa ä
indta par enda hn uek lrkvkìêa ncntrø`djk. Eks, hnssk vnz, k lrkvkìêa hdzdk?
–Rar ikvar, klukrhn `k cd`mk n vajï snrë ktn`hdha ne frnvn par ue
rnprnsn`tk`tn―. Rn`snd qun mauvnssn kclue prafcnek jae enu jkrtêa, eks,
pkrk ed`mk surprnsk, k ktn`hn`tn nstkvk sdepcnsen`tn tn`tk`ha vn`hnr
snrvdìas khdjda`kds ‚ pck`as hn pratnìêa, hnsja`tas hn jaeprks ne lrupa, n
kssde par hdk`tn. Nssk ä uek neprnsk qun ne vnz hn kutaektdzkr a prajnssa
hn ktdvkìêa hnjdhdu usë-ca jaea autrk apartu`dhkhn pkrk ikznr ja`tkta jae
ja`suedhar n kssde patn`jdkcen`tn kuen`tkr as cujras. Nssk neprnsk
jnrtken`tn tnstau ratndras n snludu as pkssas qun nxpcdjkrnd `nstk snìêa pkrk
depcnen`tkr nssk prëtdjk.
Yactneas kas tnstns? Zdlk nssn pkssa pkrk qukcqunr ërnk `k qukc `êa nxdstn
ue prajnhden`ta. ^sk`ha as prahutas au snrvdìas khdjda`kds jaea nxnepca,
quk`tas prahutas au snrvdìas khdjda`kds vajï passud n ne quk`tks ek`ndrks
hdinrn`tns pahnrdk ainrnjï-cas1 Hn qun ek`ndrk suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta
 

lnrk d`hdjkìþns1 Hn qun ek`ndrk snu ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar ktn`hn k

rnjckekìþns1 Hn qun ek`ndrk vajï ja`qudstk n ikz a iaccaw-up has snus
jcdn`tns1 Zn vajï `êa tne uek rnspastk pkrk jkhk uek hnssks pnrlu`tks, au
sn jkhk d`tnlrk`tn hn suk nqudpn tne uek rnspastk hdinrn`tn, n`têa vajï
prnjdsk jrdkr n tnstkr prajnhden`tas hn iarek k depcnen`tkr `areks qun
snoke snludhks par tahas as enefras hk suk arlk`dzkìêa.

8. A Cåhnr au as Xkcn`tas Vnkcdzke a Rrajnhden`ta au k

Xkrnik Rnssakcen`tn
Zn suk neprnsk ä pnqun`k, eudtks vnzns a hdrntar nxnjutdva au a cåhnr hk
neprnsk pahnrë pnssakcen`tn tnstkr n kpnrindìakr a prajnhden`ta. A cåhnr
tne k ekdar vdsêa hn jaea tuha sn n`jkdxk `k neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta, eks
ncn au nck hndxke as hntkcmns pkrk autras jae irnquï`jdk. ^e n`vacvden`ta
prëtdja ne jkhk `åvnc hn mdnrkrqudk jkpkjdtk a cåhnr k jrdkr as trïs Rs jae
kutaja`idk`ìk. [uk`ha a Zjatt Mkccek` nstkvk ja`strud`ha suk neprnsk pkrk
tar`kr-sn k >4ª neprnsk jae a ekdar å`hdjn hn jrnsjden`ta hk rnvdstk D`j., ncn
tnstau jkhk prajnhden`ta pnssakcen`tn. @d`luäe pahdk hnsn`jked`më-ca ne
qukcqunr kssu`ta oë qun ncn td`mk rnkcdzkha jkhk prajnhden`ta pnssakcen`tn n
td`mk uek vdsêa jaepcntk n fkstk`tn rnkcåstdjk hn jaea ks jadsks hnvnrdke n
`êa hnvnrdke snr indtks.
Ä jckra qun sn vajï trkfkcmk ne uek neprnsk Iartu`n >22, a hdrntar
nxnjutdva `arekcen`tn `êa rnkcdzkrë uek vn`hk jkskhk au jaepcnen`tkr.
Ne vnz hdssa, ncn nsjacmnrë vn`jnharns. Hnsjufrk qune ikrë nssk dhndk
vn`jnr. N n`têa kqunck pnssak kjndtkrë k rnspa`skfdcdhkhn hn tar`kr k dhndk
nidjkz `k arlk`dzkìêa.
@êa snok tn`tkha k ikznr jae qun tahas `k suk arlk`dzkìêa tnstne n
kpnrindìane a prajnhden`ta ka ensea tnepa. Yajï lkstkrë eudta hd`mndra
sn ja`tkr jae iu`jda`ërdas en`as tkcn`tasas pkrk sacujda`kr kcla. Ne vnz
hdssa, pnìk kas iu`jda`ërdas ekds tkcn`tasas pkrk kpnrindìakr a prajnhden`ta
n ne snludhk trnd`kr as autras. Cnefrn-sn kpn`ks hn qun vajï
ja`stk`tnen`tn prnjdskrë kjmkr ek`ndrks hn ek`tnr nssn prajnssa
mdnrërqudja.
@a jksa hk neprnsk hn jkrpntns, trkfkcmkeas jae as tkcn`tas ekds
 

prahutdvas n aftdvneas uek iúreuck suidjdn`tnen`tn kpnrindìakhk pkrk

eastrkr ka rnstk`tn has vn`hnharns qun ue ne jd`ja ja`suedharns
kjndtkvke pnca en`as uek vn`hk jkskhk. Kclu`s hncns kjndtkvke tahas as
jd`ja. N n`têa trnd`keas tahk k nqudpn `dssa. Nu sneprn rnjaen`ha tnstkr
`avks dhndks ne snus tkcn`tas.

>. Nstkfncnìk ue Rrkza pkrk a Xnstn ha Rrajnhden`ta

Ja`jndtukc
Nstkfncnìk ue prkza pkrk qun vajï skdfk quk`ha hnvn vactkr ka qukhra
frk`ja ha wargsmap7 sn kpús ue jnrta nspkìa hn tnepa `êa mauvn
rnsuctkhas, ja`sdhnrn autrks apìþns. Zuk rnu`dêa snek`kc hnvnrdk pnca en`as
vnrdidjkr a pralrnssa au k jkrï`jdk hncn. Cndk ekds safrn dssa `a pkssa 4.

9. Vnldstrn Rrajnhden`tas au Rrajnssas Rkssa k Rkssa

Nssn prajnssa hnvn snr iëjdc hn snr rnpntdha, n`têa hntkcmn-a. Vnldstrn snus
ratndras, prajnhden`tas, ktdvdhkhns n as rnsuctkhas qun nspnrk kcjk`ìkr.
Arlk`dzn-a hn tkc iarek qun sn jd`qun`tk `avas iu`jda`ërdas iassne
ja`trktkhas, tuha idjkrdk jckra pkrk ncns sn snludssne snu ek`ukc has trïs Rs.
Ensea sn suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta iar pnqun`a, vajï prnjdsk arlk`dzkr
nssns prajnhden`tas jaea sn vajï iassn ja`trktkr jd`qun`tk pnssaks. Dssa a
iarìkrë k hntkcmkr jkhk pkssa qun iad taekha.

<. Ikìk Hnea`strkìþns has Nxnrjåjdas hn Hrkektdzkìêa

Xrkfkcmn ne ja`ou`ta jae snu pnssakc pkrk tnstkr n depcnen`tkr as pkssas
qun iarke hajuen`tkhas. Arlk`dzkr snssþns hn nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa n
hnea`strë-cas sn`ha rnkcdzkhas par kcluäe nxpnrdn`tn ainrnjn as encmarns
eätahas pkrk sn khqudrdr nxpnrdï`jdk k`tns hn jacajkr a prajnssa ne jkepa.
K jaepk`mdk hn Zjatt Mkccek` prajnssau ekds hn quktra edcmþns hn
 

rnldstras eähdjas par k`a. Jae ekds hn 9>2 täj`djas trkfkcmk`ha hn`tra hn
maspdtkds jcdn`tns, khed`dstrkr as rnsuctkhas hn pnriarek`jn nrk jrujdkc. Zn
hndxkhas â enrjï hn snus prúprdas endas, as `avas täj`djas tkcvnz
prajnsskrdke kpn`ks quktra lrëidjas eähdjas par mark. @a n`tk`ta, hnpads hn
ue ja`stk`tn kpnrindìaken`ta ha prajnssa n hn hntkcmë-ca ed`ujdasken`tn, a
Zjatt iad jkpkz hn ikznr jae qun as täj`djas ktd`ldssne uek eähdk hn 4,6
lrëidjas par mark! Dssa ä ekds qun a hafra hk pnriarek`jn ardld`kc. A qun
sdl`didjkrdk pkrk suk neprnsk sn tahas ja`snludssne prahuzdr a hafra has
rnsuctkhas qun prahuzne klark1
Zn iar ue prajnhden`ta tncniø`dja, hnea`strn au lrkvn snu tkcn`ta
rnkcdzk`ha-a pkrk qun snu pnssakc passk auvdr jaea iu`jda`k. Ikìk ue
nxnrjåjda hn hrkektdzkìêa n ue wargsmap pkrk taha jn`ërda passåvnc.
Xrkfkcmn `dssa jae snu pnssakc, iarìk`ha-as k cdhkr jae jkhk sdtukìêa hk
iarek jaea vajï n`sd`au.

hn Iud ja`trktkha
sacuìþns par uek neprnsk
hn tnj`acaldk qun vn`hdk hn
pkrk nxnjutdvas hn pnqun`as
XD. Ncns kjaeprkrke
eähdas pkjatns
snds
neprnsks n jrdkrke uek sacuìêa hn tnj`acaldk d`tnlrkhk n lcafkcdzkhk hn
`nlújdas qun euhau tuha. Iad ue hnsdl` sdepcnsen`tn frdcmk`tn. Ne vnz hn
vn`hnr pkjatns hn kprdearken`ta hn $;22 edc, klark ncns vn`hdke pkjatns
hn sacuìþns tatkcen`tn d`tnlrkhks hn tnj`acaldk par $4 edcmþns. Dssa nxdldk
qun as vn`hnharns idznssne suks in`hks hdrntken`tn kas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas
hn neprnsks eudta lrk`hns, d`jcud`ha neprnsks Iartu`n >22.
A prafcnek nrk qun `n`mue has snus qukrn`tk vn`hnharns okekds mkvdk
tncnia`kha pkrk ue hdrntar nxnjutdva. @ús idzneas ue nxnrjåjda hn
hrkektdzkìêa jae ncns. Nsjrnvneas ratndras n nxpcdjkeas jaea nrk indta.
Eks ncns kd`hk nrke d`nidjkzns. Nssks pnssaks nrke ekds vactkhks â
tnj`acaldk7 `êa nrke ha tdpa qun cdlkvk pkrk hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn lrk`hns
neprnsks (ue prafcnek trktkha `a Jkpåtuca @avn). Ne suk ekdardk, nssns
vn`hnharns `êa nstkvke sn`ha kssnrtdvas a suidjdn`tn `ne ensea pkrk
ja`snludr dr kcäe hks rnjnpjda`dstks au kssdstn`tns, partk`ta ncns `u`jk
jmnlkvke `ne pnrta hn cnr snus ratndras.
A hdrntar nxnjutdva hnssk neprnsk hnjdhdu n`têa en ja`trktkr pkrk eastrë-
cas jaea ikznr dssa. Rnlund `a tncnia`n n lrkvnd ed`mks ja`vnrsks. Ne huks
marks, nu mkvdk indta jd`qun`tk cdlkìþns, ja`snludha ikckr hdrntken`tn jae
hads hdrntarns nxnjutdvas n kln`hkha uek rnu`dêa jae ue hncns. Jacaqund k
lrkvkìêa pkrk k nqudpn auvdr. Nu nstkvk depravdsk`ha tahks ks ed`mks ikcks,
 

ë qun nrk k ed`mk prdendrk vnz tn`tk`ha vn`hnr nssn tdpa hn prahuta. Eks as
iu`jda`ërdas pnrjnfnrke qun, ensea qun `êa iassne pnrindtks, ed`mks
pkckvrks iarke nidjkzns a suidjdn`tn pkrk ja`snludr uek rnu`dêa jae uek
neprnsk hn $8 edcmþns. Ncns kprn`hnrke qun as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn
lrk`hns neprnsks sêa lrk`hns vdsda`ërdas n pahne n`lkokr-sn sn vajï
ainrnjnr uek d`tnrnssk`tn praenssk pkrk a iutura. Ainrnjnr nssks praenssks
`êa nrk têa hdiåjdc quk`ta as vn`hnharns mkvdke pn`skha. @a hdk snlud`tn,
tahas as vn`hnharns jaenìkrke k cdlkr pkrk as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas, n kclu`s
hncns ja`snludrke kln`hkr kclueks rnu`dþns.

=. Arlk`dzn Autra \argsmap ne Ek`ndrks hn Encmarkr

Yajï nstë ne uek iksn hn praiu`hk depcnen`tkìêa hnssn prajnhden`ta.
Zn më qukdsqunr irkqunzks au ërnks k snrne encmarkhks, snu pnssakc nstkrë
jdn`tn hncks. @k neprnsk hn jkrpntns, idzneas eudtas wargsmaps jae k
nqudpn, pnrlu`tk`ha k ncns qukc k encmar ek`ndrk hn sn depcnen`tkr kcluek
nstrktäldk. Rartk`ta, sn vajï nstë tn`ha hdidjuchkhns ne depcnen`tkr kcla,
pnrlu`tn ka snu pnssakc jaea rnkcdzë-ca encmar. Ktä ensea `k cd`mk hn
ea`tklne, vajï pahn ou`tkr k nqudpn n pnrlu`tkr k nck jaea kuen`tkr k
prahuìêa. A ikta surprnn`hn`tn ä qun tkcvnz vajï hnsjufrk qun eudtas hncns
tne sn sn`tdha irustrkhas oë më kclue tnepa n tne útdeks sulnstþns qun
iarke dl`arkhks par snu supnrvdsar hdrnta. D`hnpn`hn`tn ha tkek`ma hk suk
neprnsk,vkcn k pn`k dr ktä a jkepa hn fktkcmk pkrk auvdr kclueks hks dhndks
hkquncns iu`jda`ërdas.
Ks pnssaks lastke hn nxprnsskr suk apd`dêa. Zn ncns enseas hêa ks dhndks,
snrë ekds iëjdc ja`qudstkr suk jaapnrkìêa quk`ha vajï idznr pravndta hks suks
sulnstþns. Ikìk-as pn`skr encmar safrn suks dhndks n kpnrindìaë-cks hn iarek
ja`jnptukc n prëtdjk k`tns hn depcnen`të-cks.

4. Ea`dtarn a Rrajnhden`ta Hdrntken`tn

@a jksa hks vn`hks jkskhks hk neprnsk hn jkrpntns, a ha`a lrkvau as

rnprnsn`tk`tns pkrk qun nu hnpads puhnssn auvdr ks ja`vnrsks. @ús idzneas
 

jarrnìþns n encmardks snek`kcen`tn. Kclueks neprnsks sufentne kcla pkrk

snr tnstkha n n`têa k`kcdske as rnsuctkhas ue eïs hnpads. Dssa ä ekcuqudjn.
Yajï prnjdsk ea`dtarkr snek`kcen`tn. Au, sn iar kcla eudta departk`tn,
ea`dtarn-a hdkrdken`tn pkrk jnrtdidjkr-sn qun snu pnssakc nstë rnkcdzk`ha tuha
hn iarek khnqukhk n qun as rnsuctkhas hnsnokhas nstêa sn`ha kcjk`ìkhas.
Ea`dtarn a prajnhden`ta hn pnrta, afsnrvk`ha n jarrdld`ha a
jaepartken`ta.
@êa departk a quk`ta vajï nxpcdjkr, kclueks pnssaks kd`hk kssde hndxkrêa
kclu`s pkssas hn iark. Ea`dtarn. Jarrdok. Ea`dtarn....
Ynok-sn jaea ue cåhnr edcdtkr trnd`k`ha suks trapks `k departk`tn krtn hn
cutk jarparkc n safrnvdvï`jdk. Yajï lastkrdk qun snu pnssakc tn`tkssn
khdvd`mkr jaea cutkr ne enda ka jkepa hn fktkcmk1 Au, vajï lastkrdk hn
sufentï-cas k nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa ktä hnrrkekrne suk ÿctdek latk hn
suar pkrk qun, ka n`trkrne `a jkepa hn fktkcmk, a ikìke jae mkfdcdhkhn n
prnpkra1
Ensea hnpads hn kpnrindìakr a ja`jndta n depcnen`tk`ha k `arek, vajï
`êa tnrë tnred`kha a ea`dtarken`ta. K prúxdek iksn snrë kcnktúrdk, eks
ja`sdstn`tn `a afsnrvkr n jarrdldr a prajnhden`ta hurk`tn suk depcnen`tkìêa
`k neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta d`tndra. K nssk kcturk, vajï trnd`au snus sachkhas
n ncns nstêa ne jaefktn. As nrras pahnrdke justkr vdhks. Yajï `êa lastkrdk
hn jarrdldr n ea`dtarkr k jkhk eaen`ta1
N`trn `a jkepa hn fktkcmk n jnrtdidqun-sn qun k dhndk nstë sn`ha
depcnen`tkhk hn iarek khnqukhk. Jaea oë iad en`jda`kha, khdjda`n tnstns
surprnsk ka edx. A `åvnc ekds fkdxa hn kprn`hdzkha ä k eneardzkìêa.
Jaenjn par kå. Jnrtdidqun-sn qun tahas eneardzkrke a prajnhden`ta
jaepcnta par enda hn ja`stk`tns nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa. A `åvnc ekds
kcta hn kprn`hdzkha ä k så`tnsn. Dssa kja`tnjn quk`ha kcla iad kprn`hdha têa
fne qun sn tar`au sd`tntdzkha ka snu eaha hn pn`skr, kldr n rnkldr. K så`tnsn
sú vdrë hnpads hk nxpnrdï`jdk prëtdjk.
^ek vnz qun k `arek nstë ne nindta n oë sn tar`au snlu`hk `kturnzk pkrk
tahas, vajï kd`hk `êa mkvnrë tnred`kha. Ja`td`un k ea`dtarkr n k pacdjdkr ne
d`tnrvkcas irnqun`tns. Zn vajï ä ue cåhnr qun jacajk ks eêas `k ekssk n inz
suk neprnsk jrnsjnr ka pa`ta qun nstë ja`trktk`ha jd`qun`tk pnssaks par
snek`k, jaea n`têa vajï pahnrdk ja`td`ukr k ea`dtarkr snu pnssakc1 Iëjdc.
Rar snr ue cåhnr, vajï ä hdsjdpcd`kha n hntnred`kha n hdrntken`tn n`vacvdha
jae k jrdkìêa hn jkhk prajnhden`ta, partk`ta vajï ja`snludrë dhn`tdidjkr
 

ikjdcen`tn quk`ha ks jadsks `êa nstêa sn`ha indtks hk ek`ndrk jarrntk. Yajï
snrë jkpkz hn n`trkr ne qukcqunr kefdn`tn n dhn`tdidjkr jkhk ikcmk `k
apnrkìêa.

;2. Enìk n Vnjaepn`sn a Vnsuctkha

Yajï hnvn enhdr snus rnsuctkhas jae eudta znca. Ks pnssaks rnspndtke a
qun vajï d`spnjda`k. @a pkssa :, vajï hajuen`tau as rnsuctkhas nspnrkhas.
Klark vajï prnjdsk ea`dtarkr pkrk jnrtdidjkr-sn qun tuha nstë sn`ha indta
jarrntken`tn hn iarek k kcjk`ìkr nssns rnsuctkhas. K rnjaepn`sk vne par
ÿctdea, hnpads qun ks ikcmks iarne ncded`khks, eks ä jrujdkc. Ä departk`tn
qun vajï nstkfncnìk ue jrdtärda fkstk`tn nspnjåidja pkrk rnjaepn`skr suk
nqudpn. Rar nxnepca, vnoa neprnsks rnjaepn`sk`ha iu`jda`ërdas jae
kuen`ta hn snus skcërdas k`ukcen`tn pnca sdepcns ikta hn tnrne indta k
ensek jadsk qun idznrke `a k`a qun sn pkssau. Nssk `êa ä uek dhndk eudta
fak hn khed`dstrkìêa, `êa ä1 Vnjaepn`sks iarke indtks pkrk kuen`tkr k
pnriarek`jn.
Ikìk uek tnepnstkhn ne ue japa h—ëluk pkrk a prajnssa hn rnjaepn`sk.
Kprn`hd dssa ne enu prdendra neprnla quk`ha nu td`mk ;4 k`as hn dhkhn. A
hdrntar nxnjutdva vd`mk ktä k neprnsk n hkvk uek `atk hn $;22 ka
iu`jda`ërda ekds prahutdva, autrk pkrk qune tdvnssn ktd`ldha k quatk n kd`hk
autrk pkrk qune mauvnssn vn`hdha k ekdar quk`tdhkhn hn vn`hks jkskhks
(cued`ërdks, ensks hn nsqud`k ntj). Mkvdk ue patn`jdkc hn lk`mkr trïs `atks
hn $;22. Kcäe hdssa, a hdrntar nxnjutdva cmn hkrdk ue kpnrta hn eêas n ikrdk
hkqudca ue lrk`hn nvn`ta. Yajï vnrë qun ks pnssaks trkfkcmke kd`hk encmar
n jae ekds hnhdjkìêa pnca rnja`mnjden`ta ha qun a ikrdke par hd`mndra.
Eks, `êa departk a quêa rdja vajï snok, uek `atk hn $;22 ä fkstk`tn
d`tnrnssk`tn.

Ja`jcusêa

As trïs Rs sêa eëldjas pkrk suk apnrkìêa parqun ncns jrdke ks ja`hdìþns
pkrk qun jkhk kspnjta hk suk neprnsk apnrn jae uek jaepntï`jdk
 

sufja`sjdn`tn. Xahas ne suk nqudpn skfne a qun ikznr ne jkhk sdtukìêa sne
tnr hn pn`skr safrn kqudca. Jaea rnsuctkha, suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta
pksskrë k apnrkr jaea uek eëqud`k hn vn`hks pnrindtken`tn sd`ta`dzkhk.
Yactkrneas k ikckr kas trïs Rs ka ca`la ha cdvra, eastrk`ha-cmn jaea
ja`strudr uek arlk`dzkìêa jkhk vnz ekds iartn.
 QQQQQQQQQQQQ 
;  Gnccny Fcun Faag ä k ekdar neprnsk hn kvkcdkìêa kutaeatdvk has
Nstkhas ^`dhas.
 

Xar`k`ha-sn ue Frdcmk`tn Nstrktnldstk

Jaea Aftnr Ktä @avn Ynzns Ekds Depkjta hn Jkhk Kìêa
Xaekhk

Jaea oë iad hdta, maon ekds qun `u`jk nstë hdiåjdc hn aftnr-sn k ktn`ìêa hn ue
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, par dssa quk`ha vajï id`kcen`tn ja`snlun qun ncn prnstn
ktn`ìêa ne suk neprnsk, vajï prnjdsk atdedzkr a qun pahn snr ktd`ldha
`kquncn eaen`ta. Ä prnjdsa pn`skr n pck`nokr nstrktnldjken`tn. @nstn
jkpåtuca vajï tkefäe n`tn`hnrë parqun snr ue nstrktnldstk ikjdcdtkrë a
prdendra ja`tkta jae a jcdn`tn.
Rkrk lkrk`tdr suk jaeprnn`sêa ne rnckìêa â hdinrn`ìk n`trn uek tëtdjk n
uek nstrktäldk, snlune kclueks hnid`dìþns sdepcns, eks nssn`jdkds. ^ek
tëtdjk ä
tëtdjk  ä ue eätaha au täj`djk uskha pkrk ktd`ldr ue lk`ma denhdkta au ne
jurta prkza. Jacajkr jaenrjdkds `a kr au n`vdk ekck hdrntk pkrk aftnr cnkhs.
^skr a tncnekrgntd`l pkrk nintukr uek vn`hk. Rkrtdjdpkr hn indrks täj`djks
pkrk ja`mnjnr as ja`suedharns patn`jdkds n aftnr ekds cnkhs. Nssns sêa
nxnepcas hn tëtdjks.
^ek nstrktäldk
nstrktäldk   ä ue pck`a judhkhasken`tn hnid`dha n hntkcmkha pkrk
kcjk`ìkr uek entk k ca`la prkza. @as `nlújdas, uek nstrktäldk ä a depkjta
tatkc, k pasdìêa hnid`dtdvk qun vajï lastkrdk hn ktd`ldr `a enrjkha. Rkrk
pn`skr jaea ue frdcmk`tn nstrktnldstk, vajï jrdkrë n jaepcnen`tkrë suks
tëtdjks jae k nstrktäldk k ca`la prkza ne en`tn. Kcäe hdssa, vajï
ja`stk`tnen`tn pnrlu`tkrë k sd ensea n k suk nqudpn? –[uk`tas afontdvas
nstrktäldjas pahneas kcjk`ìkr jae jkhk
jkhk   uek hks tëtdjks1― @nstn jkpåtuca,
eastrkrnd jaea jkhk tëtdjk pahnrë patn`jdkcen`tn ktd`ldr hnz au ekds
afontdvas nstrktäldjas.
Fksnkha ne nxpnrdï`jdk prúprdk, passa kidrekr qun më trïs tdpas hn
nxnjutdvas. Hnssns, 42% sêa a qun jmkea hn –nxnjutdvas tëtdjas―, n`quk`ta
4% sêa a qun jmkea hn –nxnjutdvas nstrktnldstks―. N kpn`ks ;% ‚ as

nxnjutdvas ekds nidjkzns

mkfdcdhkhns nstrktäldjks ‚ passune k rkrk jaefd`kìêa hn kefks ks
n tëtdjks.
 

Nxnjutdvas nstrktnldstks sú pn`ske ne tnreas hn ktd`ldr k quk`tdhkhn hn

vn`hks nstkfncnjdhk pkrk maon. Ncns `êa tïe uek fak jaeprnn`sêa hn
nstrktäldks. Zn vajï hdz k ncns qun nstë huks vnzns ekds hdiåjdc maon qun hnz
k`as ktrës hn kln`hkr uek rnu`dêa jae ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, ncns pn`skrêa
ne ek`ndrks hn ikznr k nqudpn hn vn`hks sn nsiarìkr huks vnzns ekds.
Nxnjutdvas nstrktnldstks eudtks vnzns n`xnrlke k sdtukìêa hn uek
pnrspnjtdvk lcafkc n tn`tke hnsn`vacvnr uek nstrktäldk hn kcta `åvnc qun
passk kouhkr k sacujda`kr a prafcnek. Nssns nxnjutdvas sêa frdcmk`tns. Ncns
jrdke ja`jndtas, dhndks n nstrktäldks qun k ekdardk `u`jk hnsn`vacvnrdk. Eks
nxnjutdvas nstrktnldstks `êa tne tkcn`ta pkrk, au `êa tne d`tnrnssn ne tëtdjks.
Oë prnsn`jdnd eudtks lrk`hns dhndks qun `u`jk icarnsjnrke parqun as
nxnjutdvas nstrktnldstks ikcmkrke ne suk depcnen`tkìêa.
Ikcneas klark ha ;% ha tapa. A nxnjutdva qun pn`sk tk`ta tëtdjk quk`ta
nstrktnldjken`tn ja`snlun hnsn`vacvnr ks lrk`hns dhndks n ks lrk`hns
nstrktäldks n tkefäe kuskr
frdcmk`tns nstrktäldks hdsjdpcd`k
`åvnc n hntnred`kìêa
tëtdja. N, sú k tåtuca hn pkrk depcnen`tkr
afsnrvkìêa, nssks
a snlu`ha
tdpa hn nxnjutdva, a nstrktnldstk, eudtks vnzns pahn ikznr uek pkrjnrdk jae
uek pnssak hn tëtdjk iartn n aftnr sujnssa. Eks, tkcvnz a nstrktnldstk tn`mk
qun pnrsdstn`tnen`tn nxpcdjkr n ja`vn`jnr a nxnjutdva tëtdja hn uskr suks
dhndks.
Ne ed`mks nxpnrdï`jdks, ue nxnjutdva purken`tn tëtdja `êa ä jkpkz hn
jaeprnn`hnr nstrktäldks ikjdcen`tn. Kqud nstë ue fae nxnepca? Xn`ma ue
jcdn`tn qun rnjn`tnen`tn ck`ìau uek `avk rnvdstk. Hn kjarha jae as
vn`hnharns, ä quksn depassåvnc ja`tktkr as k`u`jdk`tns qun ncns hnsnoke pkrk
k rnvdstk. Nssn ä ue enrjkha jae ekds hn =2 vnåjucas hn jaeu`djkìêa
jaepntd`ha n`trn sd. Rkrk ktn`hnr k nssk hnek`hk, euhnd as tåtucas has
vn`hnharns pkrk qun sakssne en`as jaea vn`hnharns, par nxnepca, –hdrntar
hn jaeu`djkìþns jarparktdvks―. Dssa passdfdcdtau a vn`hnhar k cdlkr pkrk ue
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc n hdznr kcla jaea? –Acë. Enu `aen ä On``dinr Zedtm, k
hdrntark hn jaeu`djkìþns jarparktdvks hk Vnvdstk ]T_. Jaea pkrtn hn `assa
nsiarìa ja`tå`ua pkrk snrvdr a enrjkha lastkråkeas hn skfnr ue pauja ekds
safrn ks autrks neprnsks `a enrjkha. Nu tkefäe ek`tn`ma uek
jaeu`djkìêa hdrntk jae k nqudpn hn nhdtarkìêa, n idja sneprn hn acma ne
mdstúrdks patn`jdkds pkrk `assk rnvdstk. Yajï pahnrdk en hdznr më quk`ta
tnepa suk neprnsk tne nstkha `nstn rkea1―
Nssk kfarhklne pnredtn k nqudpn hn vn`hks ktd`ldr a afontdva nstrktäldja
 

hn nstkfncnjnr iartns rnckjda`ken`tas hn`tra ha enrjkha n iaen`tkr

hdsjussþns qun ja`strane rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk. Kpús mkvnrne ja`struåha
nssks rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk, as vn`hnharns snrêa jkpkzns hn ikznr uek sutdc n
d`d`tnrruptk trk`sdìêa pkrk ja`vnrsks safrn prapklk`hk. –^ek hks autrks
iu`ìþns qun rnkcdza pkrk k rnvdstk ä fusjkr prahutas au snrvdìas `as qukds
`assas cndtarns passke sn d`tnrnsskr―. Dssa passdfdcdtk kas vn`hnharns d`djdkr
ue hdëcala safrn prapklk`hk n jaenìkr k utdcdzkr uek täj`djk qun vajï
kprn`hnrë ne frnvn jmkekhk hn –ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva― jrdk`ha uek
apartu`dhkhn hn d`strudr as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Nssk ä uek kfarhklne
nstrktäldjk k
nstrktäldjk  k ca`la prkza pkrk a prajnssa hn vn`hks.
Eks kqud nstë a ] hk qunstêa? ^e vn`hnhar tëtdja hdrdk? –Rar qun nu
ikckrdk tuha dssa quk`ha `k vnrhkhn a qun qunra ikznr ä vn`hnr prapklk`hk1―
A nxnjutdva nstrktäldja jaeprnn`hnrdk qun nssk kfarhklne cnvkrdk vajï k
uek ja`vnrsk ln`uå`k qun pahnrdk ja`strudr kcluek ja`idk`ìk n d`tnrnssn
k`tns hn tn`tkr
  vïdenhdktken`tn
nstrktnldstk 
nstrktnldstk jkhk hnskidavn`hnr
jaeauek prapklk`hk
uek ka jcdn`tn
apartu`dhkhn pkrkpatn`jdkc.
pn`skr ne A
kfarhkln`s jaepntdtdvks jkhk vnz encmarns. Dssa snrë hnea`strkha ne ;2
autrks ek`ndrks ka ca`la hks prúxdeks pëld`ks.
Ykeas `as kpraiu`hkr.
[uk`ha vajï au suk nqudpn kprnsn`tk-sn k ue jcdn`tn, a qun vajïs qunrne
kcjk`ìkr1 [ukds sêa snus afontdvas nstrktäldjas1
[uk`ha ikìa nssk pnrlu`tk k nxnjutdvas, k ekdardk rnspa`hn tktdjken`tn?
–[unra nintukr uek vn`hk―. N`têa nu pnìa qun ncns pn`sne
nstrktnldjken`tn? –A qun ekds vajï lastkrdk hn kcjk`ìkr1― N ncns rnspa`hne?
–A qun ekds më pkrk kcjk`ìkr1― K ja`vnrsk snlun-sn kssde?
N^? Yajï lastkrdk hn snr rnspndtkha1
NCNZ? Fne, ä jckra qun nu lastkrdk hn snr rnspndtkha.
N^? Yajï lastkrdk hn ja`qudstkr ja`idk`ìk1
NCNZ? Fne, ä jckra qun nu lastkrdk hn ja`qudstkr ja`idk`ìk.
N^? Yajï lastkrdk hn rnjnfnr d`hdjkìþns1
NCNZ? Fne, ä jckra qun nu lastkrdk hn rnjnfnr d`hdjkìþns.
N^? Yajï lastkrdk hn tnr uek nstrktäldk pkrk ue pck`a F pkrk quk`ha
snus jaepntdharns hncdfnrkhken`tn rnhuzdrne as prnìas kfkdxa ha
snu1
NCNZ? Fne, sde, nssn ä ue útdea afontdva.
 

N^? Yajï lastkrdk hn snr vdsta jaea ue nspnjdkcdstk `a kssu`ta1

NCNZ? Dssa snrdk vkcdasa, sde.
N^? N qun tkc d`icuï`jdk1 Yajï lastkrdk hn snr jkpkz nxnrjnr d`icuï`jdk
ne rnu`dþns1
NCNZ (as tëtdjas)? A qun vajï qunr hdznr jae dssa1
N^? Hndxn-en ikznr-cmn sú ekds ueks pnrlu`td`mks k`tns hn rnspahnr. N
a qun en hdz safrn idhncdhkhn â ekrjk1 Dssa ä departk`tn1
NCNZ? Ä cúldja.
N^? N ne rnckìêa k urlï`jdk hn jaeprk1 Dssa snrdk fae1
NCNZ? Zde, dssa snrdk eudta fae.

Zn vajï kpn`ks pkrkr pkrk  pn`skr

 pn`skr   safrn nssns afontdvas, k hdrnìêa qun
kqunck rnu`dêa taekrë `êa snrë kutaektdjken`tn hdinrn`tn1 Rkrtns têa
nxtn`sks ha prajnssa hn vn`hks n afontdvas nstrktäldjas patn`jdkds sêa

hndxkhas
jaea cåhnrkahnjrdtärda d`hdvdhukc
suk neprnsk, hn jkhk vn`hnhar
ja`jnfnssn ‚ tahks
uek ek`ndrk ks vnzns.
hn ktd`ldr N sn vajï,
k tahas nssns
afontdvas n tï-cas snludhas tahks ks vnzns par qukcqunr ue `k suk neprnsk
qun sn hnpkrkssn jae ue ja`suedhar1 A quêa ekds pahnrasa vajï snrdk
safrn snus ja`jarrn`tns1
Ykeas `as kpraiu`hkr.

Kuen`tkr ks Yn`hks ne 922% Ka Khdjda`kr Kpn`ks ^e

Afontdva Nstrktäldja Khdjda`kc

Huks caoks hn eúvnds sêa d`kulurkhks ne uek jdhkhn quksn `a ensea hdk.
^ek ä tatkcen`tn tëtdjk n k autrk ä jaepcntken`tn nstrktäldjk. Zn vajï n`trk
`k caok ; pkrk hkr uek acmkhk `as saiës, a vn`hnhar tn`tkrë vn`hnr-cmn ue
saië. Xëtdja. Ka ca`la hn 8 k`as, nssk caok jrnsjnrë kpraxdekhken`tn ;2% ka
k`a, hnvdha prd`jdpkcen`tn ka justa jrnsjn`tn has eúvnds.
@k caok 6, ä jckra qun ncns tn`tke vn`hnr-cmn ue saië, eks k khed`dstrkìêa
trnd`k as vn`hnharns ja`stk`tnen`tn k vn`hnrne k deklne hk caok. –Yajï oë
ja`mnjn `assk caok1 Fne, hndxn-en ja`tkr-cmn ue pauqud`ma safrn nck―. N
n`quk`ta as vn`hnharns nstêa k jked`ma has saiës, ncns ikzne ue ekrgntd`l
in`aen`kc safrn kqunck caok. Ncns ja`tke suk mdstúrdk, k hnvaìêa k
 

ktn`hden`ta ha ha`a, a parquï hn snus prnìas snrne ekds fkdxas qun as hk

ja`jarrï`jdk, a quêa fne trnd`khas sêa `k ikfrdjkìêa hn eúvnds n jaea tuha
dssa fn`nidjdk jaea jcdn`tn.
K entk hnssn d`iarektdva ä uek idhncdhkhn â ekrjk. Ka ca`la ha tnepa,
nssk caok ja`strúd uek jkrtndrk nxtn`sk n cnkc hn jcdn`tns qun kutaektdjken`tn
vne kqud prdendra quk`ha nstêa d`tnrnsskhas ne qukcqunr tdpa hn eúvnc.
[uk`ha vajï qunr jaeprkr eúvnds, pravkvncen`tn vkd k vërdks caoks jae
paujk au `n`muek idhncdhkhn â ekrjk. Au tkcvnz vnok ue k`ÿ`jda `a oar`kc n
vkd ktä k caok par jkusk hk praeaìêa. Eks sn vajï tdvnr ue rnckjda`ken`ta
jae uek caok qun lkrk`tk k qukcdhkhn hn snus prahutas jaea `d`luäe snok
jkpkz hn nxpcdjkr hntkcmkhken`tn ks hdinrn`ìks `k qukcdhkhn hn eúvnds (më
fkstk`tn d`iarekìêa k snr kprn`hdhk) n tn`mk ktä uek nspnjdkcdhkhn ne
hnjarkìêa, vajï tkcvnz ktä passk sn`tdr uek kid`dhkhn, uek cnkchkhn, uek
prninrï`jdk par kqunck caok ne pkrtdjuckr. [uk`ha prnjdskr hn ue eúvnc, vajï
drë cë prdendrajae
sdl`didjktdvk parvajï.
jkuskAs
haratndras
rnckjda`ken`ta qun khdrnjda`khas
d`iarektdvas caok ja`strudukahnja`suedhar
iarek têa
rn`hnrke ekrkvdcmasas rnsuctkhas pkrk uek hks huks `avks caoks hn eúvnds.
Ka ca`la hn quktra k`as k caok tëtdjk pnrek`njnu ne ue sú cajkc, n`quk`ta k
caok nstrktäldjk kfrdu ekds snds idcdkds.
Ks pnssaks prnstkrêa kd`hk ekds ktn`ìêa sn pnrjnfnrke qun më ue vkcar
klrnlkha ekdar au ue eatdva ekds iartn pkrk jaeprkr hn ue iar`njnhar ne
vnz ha autra. @êa jk`sa hn ja`tkr safrn ks hdvnrsks vnzns qun kouhnd
neprnsks k skårne ha eu`ha hn jaeeahdtdns ne qun vdvne ka khatkr uek
ktdtuhn ekds nstrktäldjk. Hkqud k pauja ikrneas ue nxnrjåjda qun idxkrë nssk
dhndk ne suk en`tn. Hneas ue pauja ekds hn nstruturk ka ja`tnxta pkrk qun
vajï passk kpravndtkr a nxnrjåjda ka eëxdea.
Kqud vkd uek pnrlu`tk qun qunra vajï en rnspa`hk? [uk`ha snus
ja`suedharns pn`ske ne jaeprkr snu prahuta au snrvdìa, a quêa n`tn`hdhas
sêa ncns safrn a kssu`ta1 [uk`ha ikìa nssk pnrlu`tk k ue lrupa lrk`hn,
prktdjken`tn tahas khedtne qun ne qukcqunr sdtukìêa hn jaeprk, ue
ja`suedhar tåpdja `êa snrë eudta nspnjdkcdhkhn `a kssu`ta. Rar nxnepca,
vajï pravkvncen`tn `êa ä eudta n`tn`hdha ne rnckìêa k cdepnzk hn jkrpntns,
au ä1 Zn k ekdardk hn snus ja`suedharns `êa skfn fne a qun nspnrkr ha snu
prahuta au snrvdìa, surldrë uek apartu`dhkhn nstrktäldjk pkrk qun kclue
frdcmk`tn nstrktnldstk prnn`jmk nssk ckju`k, jkpdtkcdzk`ha snu `nlújda.
Nu jmkea dssa hn k jdï`jdk hn nstkfncnjnr a jrdtärda hn jaeprks ha
 

enrjkha. Fksdjken`tn, sdl`didjk qun taha ja`suedhar pahn snr n`sd`kha k

enrjkha.
snr ue encmar jaeprkhar ha prahuta au snrvdìa qun vajï ainrnjn. ^sk`ha k
neprnsk hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns jaea nxnepca, a ja`suedhar ikz a
tncnia`nek tn`ha ne eêas jrdtärdas hn jaeprk ekc hnid`dhas au `ucas. A
vn`hnhar n`têa rnstkfncnjn as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk ktrkväs hn ue n`sd`a ka
ja`suedhar safrn as nstuhas ha N`vdra`en`tkc Rratnjtda` Kln`jy - NRK
(Klï`jdk hn Rratnìêa Kefdn`tkc) safrn iktas qun vêa hnshn departæ`jdk hn
jkrpntns cdepas â qukcdhkhn ha kr n hn vdhk ne suk jksk. Yajï pahn uskr dssa
`k suk neprnsk pkrk aftnr praiu`has rnsuctkhas. Rkrk ekdarns nxpcdjkìþns,
hndxn-en kprnsn`tkr-cmn ue pahnrasa ja`jndta qun rnkcen`tn kpnrindìak a
nstrktnldstk qun nxdstn ne tahas `ús?

A Vatndra hn Yn`hks ne Nstdca Nstëhda

Dekld`n qun nu puhnssn jacajkr vajï ne ue pkcja hn`tra hn ue nstëhda
ldlk`tn a`hn k pcktndk d`tndrk iassn jaepastk pncas snus ekds pnrindtas
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds, hk`ha-cmn k apartu`dhkhn hn kprnsn`tkr-sn k tahas ncns hn
uek vnz sú.
Rrdendrk pnrlu`tk? Yajï nstkrdk pra`ta sn dssa kja`tnjnssn klark1 Yajï
snrdk jkpkz hn sufdr `kquncn pkcja n kprnsn`tkr-sn k jkhk ue hncns n ikzï-ca
pnrindtken`tn1
Hau pkcnstrks `a eu`ha d`tndra n sneprn ikìa nssk pnrlu`tk.
@arekcen`tn, n`trn trïs n snds pnssaks nrlune suk eêa (hn ue tatkc hn edc
pnssaks `k pcktndk). Ka ikznr ekds kclueks pnrlu`tks k nssns qun cnvk`tkrke
k eêa, `arekcen`tn hnsjufra qun `êa nstêa pra`tas, eks âs vnzns n`ja`tra
kclu`s qun nstêa. Ncns tïe ue ratndra hn vn`hks ne nstdca nstëhda jnrtndra n
nstêa pnrindtken`tn kidkhas. Nu as pkrkfn`dza hdzn`ha? –Ed`mk `assk, vajï
rnkcen`tn nstë prnpkrkha―. K rnspastk qun sn snlun ä? –Afrdlkha pnca ncalda,
eks sau nu qun prnjdsa cmn klrkhnjnr parqun jaeprnd ue hn snus prahutas hn
trnd`ken`ta më kclu`s k`as―.
K pcktndk jkd `k lkrlkcmkhk, kjmk`ha qun nssk pnssak nstë trkfkcmk`ha pkrk
ede, eks dssa rnkcen`tn eastrk k departæ`jdk hn nstkr prnpkrkha. Jaea

vajï vnrëeudtas
k ktrkdr ne frnvn,
ekdsue ratndrapatn`jdkds
jcdn`tns ne nstdca nstëhda fne prnpkrkha
n k trk`siarekr a jkpkjdtkrë
uek parjn`tklne
 

ekdar hncns ne jcdn`tns nintdvas.

K prdendrk jadsk qun vajï prnjdsk ja`sdhnrkr n pck`nokr ä qune snrdk k
pnssak dhnkc `k suk pcktndk. Rar nxnepca, enu jcdn`tn qun vn`hn prahutas
pkrk k ikfrdjkìêa hn cd`mks hn prahuìêa lkstkvk ensns hn nsiarìa pkrk
ja`vn`jnr a lnrn`tn hn prahuìêa ‚ qun trkfkcmkvk `k cd`mk hn irn`tn hk
prahuìêa ‚ sú pkrk qun ue nxnjutdva hn `åvnc ekds kcta `nlkssn a kuen`ta
has justas. N`têa, nu euhnd tahk k nstrktäldk hn iarek k vn`hnr hdrntken`tn
pkrk ha`a au hdrntar nxnjutdva hk neprnsk. Rartk`ta, ne snu nstëhda, nssk
neprnsk kcenokrdk k prnsn`ìk hn hdrntarns nxnjutdvas. Dhnkcen`tn, qune nstë
prnsn`tn ne snu nstëhda1 A hnskida ä sn vajï ä jkpkz hn sujnhnr ne ek`tnr
ks pnssaks `k pcktndk.
Klark, hnhdqun kclu`s ed`utas pkrk nsjrnvnr a tåtuca ha snu ratndra ne
nstdca nstëhda.

ZN@MAVKZ N ZN@MAVNZ, A XÅX^CA HK

KRVNZN@XKÌÊA HN MAON Ä?
Hnpads hn vd`tn k`as hn pnsqudsk jmnlund â rnvnckìêa hn qun sneprn më
uek parjn`tklne eudta pnqun`k hn pnssaks –jaeprk`ha klark―. Xrïs %.
Vnjn`tnen`tn, hnd uek pkcnstrk pkrk edc n huzn`tas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas n
hdssn? –Rnredtke-en pravkr dssa k vajïs. [une kqud nstë prajurk`ha jkrras
pkrk jaeprkr `nstn nxkta eaen`ta1― Rar vactk hn trd`tk pnssaks cnvk`tkrke
suks eêas.
eêas. –N –N qune nstë
eúvnds1― prajurk`ha
Xrd`tk eêas p`nus1― Autras
pkrk jdek. –Ntrd`tk cnvk`tkrke
rniareks suks
ne suks
rnsdhï`jdks1― Ekds :2 eêas. –Nqudpken`ta pkrk nsjrdtúrda1― Yajï oë hnvn tnr
pnrjnfdha enu pa`ta hn vdstk. Rar vactk hn :% hn jcdn`tns patn`jdkds nstêa
jaeprk`ha `nstn nxkta eaen`ta. Nssk parjn`tklne ä a qun eavden`tk taha
a jaeärjda.
Ed`mk pnsqudsk tkefäe ja`jcudu qun <% hk papuckìêa nstë kfnrtk â
passdfdcdhkhn hn jaeprk. Nssk ä k parjn`tklne qun tkcvnz nstnok d`sktdsindtk
jae snu ktukc vn`hnhar au prnstkhar hn snrvdìas n `êa ä ja`trk euhk`ìks,
eks qun –kd`hk― `êa nstë jaeprk`ha. As 42% rnstk`tns n`trke ne uek hn
trïs jktnlardks dlukds. A tnrìa ha tapa sêa a qun jmkea hn –`êa nstêa
pn`sk`ha `dssa―. @êa sêa ja`trk k jaeprk, eks tkefäe `êa sêa k ikvar hnck7
 

sdepcnsen`tn –`êa nstêa pn`sk`ha `dssa― klark. Rartk`ta, sn vajï vn`hn

nqudpken`tas hn nsjrdtúrda n ck`ìk uek prapklk`hk, nssns :2 % `êa
rnspa`hnrdke kpn`ks parqun `êa nstêa pn`sk`ha ne nqudpken`tas hn
nsjrdtúrda `a eaen`ta.
A prúxdea tnrìa sêa as qun jmkea hn –kjmke qun `êa nstêa d`tnrnsskhas―.
N`têa, irn`tn k uek prdendrk ainrtk, ncns `êa sêa `nutras jaea as prdendras.
Ncns rnspa`hnrêa? –Nu `êa kjma qun nstau d`tnrnsskha ne nqudpken`tas hn
nsjrdtúrda―. N k ÿctdek tnrìk pkrtn sêa a qun jmkea hn –hnid`dtdvken`tn `êa
d`tnrnsskhas―. Nssn lrupa nstë incdz jae a qun tne au sdepcnsen`tn `êa
prnjdsk hkquncn prahuta au snrvdìa. Xkcvnz ncns tn`mke uek iatajapdkhark hn
;2 k`as hn usa, eks sn `êa nstë qunfrkhk, par qun ja`snrtë-ck1

Jae dssa ne en`tn, jacaquneas vajï hn vactk âquncn nstëhda. Znlu`has

k`tns hn vajï sufdr `a pkcja, k pcktndk ä kvdskhk qun? –Yajïs prnjdskrke
jaepkrnjnr, eks `êa sêa afrdlkhas k idjkr ktä a ide. Zn nssk pnssak WvajïU
ikck safrn kcla qun `êa cmn d`tnrnssk, vajï pahn sdepcnsen`tn cnvk`tkr-sn n dr
nefark―.
Zn vajï safn `a pkcja n hdz? –Nstau kqud pkrk ja`tkr-cmns parqun tneas as
encmarns nqudpken`tas hn nsjrdtúrda ha eu`ha―, 42% hk pcktndk sn cnvk`tkrë
n drë nefark. N qukcqunr ue qun oë ikcau ne pÿfcdja skfn qun dssa `êa ä kcla
hnsnoëvnc.
Rartk`ta, vkeas rnja`sdhnrkr kquncn tåtuca ratndra hn nstëhda. A qun vajï
pahnrdk hdznr qun ek`tnrdk tahas ne snus kssn`tas1 Dssa ä departk`tn parqun

snok cë qukc
k idjkr iar aekds.
n auvdr tåtuca,Nänssk
ncn qun
ä k ja`vn`jnrë tahas kquncns
ensek kfarhklne pkrk jcdn`tns
snr uskhkpatn`jdkds
ne suk
 

prapklk`hk, ekck hdrntk au pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt. K prapúsdta, a qun vajï

pahnrdk nsjrnvnr jaea snu tåtuca hn ratndra hn nstëhda au ne snu k`ÿ`jda qun
ktrkdrdk as ja`suedharns patn`jdkds hk pdræedhn d`tndrk1
Dekld`neas qun vajï vn`hk nqudpken`tas hn nsjrdtúrda. Jmnlau suk vnz
hn ikznr uek kprnsn`tkìêa n k pcktndk nstë rnpcntk hn hdrntarns nxnjutdvas
id`k`jndras. Zn vajï tne ue eå`dea hn nstrktäldk, tkcvnz vajï hdlk kcla
jaea? –Ks jd`ja ek`ndrks jaea `assas nqudpken`tas hn nsjrdtúrda pahne
fn`nidjdë-ca―. Eks, `avken`tn, uek kfarhklne jaea nssk kpn`ks ktrkd
kquncns qun nstêa –jaeprk`ha klark―, n passdvncen`tn kquncns qun –nstêa
kfnrtas k jaeprk―, eks as autras 42% drêa nefark.
N`têa, qun tåtuca nxnrjnrdk uek ekdar ktrkìêa1 [un tkc? –Ks jd`ja ek`ndrks
qun vajï nstë hnspnrhdìk`ha hd`mndra ne suks apnrkìþns n khed`dstrkìêa1―
@êa nstau hdzn`ha qun nssk irksn lruhkrë as nxnjutdvas ne snus kssn`tas,
eks ncns `êa drêa nefark hn jkrk. Ncns idjkrêa pkrk auvdr ue pauja ekds.
Dssa tkefäe snktrkdrë
hnid`dtdvken`tn kpcdjk pkrk lrupas
as hads ue k`ÿ`jda
hn jdek,jae a ensea
eks tkefäe tåtuca.
ktrkdrë Ncn
k tahas
`kquncn nstëhda.
nstëhda. Xahas nstêa d`tnrnsskhas ne nja`aedzkr ne suks apnrkìþns
n justas hn khed`dstrkìêa. Jnrtken`tn, taha hdrntar nxnjutdva id`k`jndra tne
d`tnrnssn `dssa, partk`ta ncn pnrek`njnrë `a nstëhda. N sn taha a ja`tnÿha
qun sn snludr tdvnr kcluek rncnvæ`jdk, vajï tnrë n`têa sujnhdha ne cnvkr snu
ekrgntd`l n ktdvdhkhn hn vn`hks ue `ava pktkekr.
Maon ne hdk, a ekds hdiåjdc ä ktrkdr k ktn`ìêa hn ja`suedharns patn`jdkds n
snlurë-cas par tnepa suidjdn`tn k ide hn kouhë-cas k jaeprkr snu prahuta.
Nssk kfarhklne hn ainrnjnr-cmns kcluek d`iarekìêa hn vkcar cmn hkrë uek
lrk`hn apartu`dhkhn hn ktrkdr ekds ja`suedharns n k ja`strudr ekds
jrnhdfdcdhkhn. Nu jmkea dssa hn –ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva―, n kqud vkd uek hdjk
qun vajï hnvnrdk k`atkr? Yajï sneprn ktrkdrë ekds ja`suedharns ainrnjn`ha
n`sd`kr kcla hn vkcar k ncns 
ncns  ha qun sdepcnsen`tn tn`tk`ha vn`hnr-cmns ue
prahuta au snrvdìa.
Autra nxnepca? Xdvn jaea jcdn`tn uek jaepk`mdk hn snrvdìas enrjmk`t.
Znu kcva prd`jdpkc nrke ks caoks vkrnodstks. N`têa, `a jn`ërda ha nstëhda, suk
pcktndk snrdk jaepastk hn ha`as hn caoks vkrnodstks. Zn ka kprnsn`tkr-sn
hdssnrne? –Eastrkrnd k vajïs parqun `assas snrvdìas enrjmk`t sêa encmarns
qun qukcqunr autra―, 42% hk pcktndk drë nefark parqun `êa nstë fusjk`ha
snrvdìas enrjmk`t `a eaen`ta. N`têa, a qun vajï pahnrdk hdznr pkrk qun
jkhk pkrtdjdpk`tn `a nstëhda idjkssn pkrk auvdr ue pauqud`ma ekds1 [un tkc
 

nssn útdea tåtuca? –As Jd`ja Eatdvas Rncas [ukds Xahas as Ykrnodstks
Ikcmke―1 Ka cnr dssa, a nxnjutdva tëtdja pn`skrë? –Eks sn tuha qun qunra
ikznr ä vn`hnr snrvdìas enrjmk`t, par qun nu pnrhnrdk enu tnepa jae tk`tk
jadsk1―

Kqud nstë k rnspastk?

;. Ainrnjnr kclue ja`mnjden`ta qun kouhn a ja`suedhar k ktrkdr ekds
d`tnrnssn pkrk vajï.
6. Zn k d`iarekìêa iar hn ikta fak n ÿtdc, nck kutaektdjken`tn a
rnpasdjda`krë `k en`tn ha ja`suedhar jaea sn`ha ue ekdar
nspnjdkcdstk qun snus ja`jarrn`tns. (Yajï n`sd`krë k ncns iktas safrn
snu `nlújda qun tkcvnz ncns `êa skdfke.)
:. Zn vajï pn`skr n pck`nokr nstrktnldjken`tn, n`ja`trkrë uek ek`ndrk
hn n`trnckìkr nssk d`iarekìêa hn tkc iarek k vn`hnr snus snrvdìas hn
uek ek`ndrk eudta encmar qun sdepcnsen`tn praeavnr snu prahuta
hnsjkrkhken`tn. Nxnepcas k snludr.

Ekds Zafrn Ekrgntd`l D`iarektdva

^e hn enus jcdn`tns nrk uek jaepk`mdk euctd`kjda`kc oar`kcåstdjk qun mkvdk
tdha quktra k`as snludhas hn qunhk `a jrnsjden`ta, jkd`ha hn $;,8 fdcmþns k
$; fdcmêa hn vn`hks k`ukds (kpraxdekhken`tn $;22 edcmþns par k`a) n
jkd`ha hn $822 edcmþns ne cujras k znra cujra.
Kprnsn`tneas a nstrktnldstk. A `ava hdrntar nxnjutdva pnrtn`jdk âquncns
;% ha jcufn ‚ a nxnjutdva hnid`dtdva ‚ qun ä tk`ta nstrktäldja jaea tëtdja.
Nssn maene nrk frdcmk`tn ne dekld`kr nstrktäldks fksnkhks ne uek vdsêa
lcafkc. Ncn tkefäe nrk ue enstrn ne depcnen`tkr uek nstrktäldk `a `åvnc
tëtdja.
Ja`trktkrke-en jaea a nspnjdkcdstk hn vn`hks. Idz uek kuhdtardk has
quktra oar`kds hk neprnsk qun nstkvke sairn`ha ks ekdarns hdidjuchkhns n
kprnsn`tnd ed`mk nstrktäldk pkrk kctnrkr jaepcntken`tn k prapklk`hk hn
vn`hks.
K`tns hn nu mkvnr indta qukcqunr depcnen`tkìêa, a eahnca hk neprnsk nrk
 

purken`tn tëtdja. Rassuåk ekds hn jne oar`kds cajkds hdërdas ne jdhkhns hn

eähda partn. K prëtdjk ja`sdstdk ne tncnia`neks indtas par rnprnsn`tk`tns hn
k`ÿ`jdas pkrk jcdn`tns patn`jdkds hdzn`ha? –Acë, sau hk Lkzntk ]T_ n snrdk
ue prkznr hkr uek pksskhd`mk ne suk neprnsk pkrk ja`tkr-cmn ue pauja
ekds safrn `assas snrvdìas hn k`ÿ`jdas―. Zn a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc `êa nstdvnssn
–jaeprk`ha klark―, nssk ja`vnrsk snrdk eudta jurtk? –@êa, afrdlkha. @êa
nstau d`tnrnsskha―.
A ensea kja`tnjn `a hnpkrtken`ta hn jdrjuckìêa hn quksn tahks ks
jdhkhns `as Nstkhas ^`dhas? ncns sêa tahas tëtdjas. –Acë, trkfkcma pkrk a
Hdërda hk Jdhkhn. Maon tneas uek praeaìêa pkrk kssd`k`tns―. Zn vajï `êa ä
kcluäe qun cï oar`kc, vajï prktdjken`tn hnscdlkrë `k jkrk hnssns pafrns
tncnia`dstks hn tncnekrgntd`l. ^e nstrktnldstk pahnrdk ja`jnfnr uek
kfarhklne qun a eatdvkrdk khatkr k prëtdjk hn cnr oar`kc. Eks nssn oë ä autra
kssu`ta, n`têa ja`jn`trnea-`as `ks vn`hks hn k`ÿ`jdas par n`quk`ta.
Dekld`n-sn
enjæ`djk, ue jaea a fncnzk
skcêa hn ha`a hnau uek klï`jdk hnhn k`ÿ`jdas,
ue rnstkurk`tn uekjdhkhn
uek pnqun`k aidjd`k‚ 
tahas as k`u`jdk`tns fësdjas qun tahk neprnsk oar`kcåstdjk hnvnrdk tnr.
Znlud`ha enu pralrkek, ks cdlkìþns has rnprnsn`tk`tns pksskrne k snr kcla
jaea?

VNRVNZN@XK@XN?  Acë. Xrkfkcma pkrk k Lkzntk ]T_ . Nstkeas

ainrnjn`ha ue pralrkek pkrk n`sd`kr k ha`as hn neprnsk jaea
vajï k aftnrne ekds sujnssa. Yajï oë auvdu ikckr hnstn pralrkek1
JCDN@XN RAXN@JDKC? @êa, `u`jk auvd ikckr.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN?
ha enrjkha cajkc, Fne,
kssdehnvdha
jaea ka iktanqun
vajï hnpn`hneas
tahas ha sujnssa
`nstk jaeu`dhkhn,
kjrnhdtkeas qun ä `assk afrdlkìêa jnrtdidjkrea-`as hn qun a
jaeärjda cajkc aftn`mk a ekdar sujnssa passåvnc. Hn ikta, `ús
pktrajd`keas ue pralrkek nhujktdva qun a n`sd`krë safrn as jd`ja
eatdvas ekds jaeu`s pncas qukds ks neprnsks ikcmke. Xkefäe cmn
eastrkrë ks sntn ek`ndrks hn tar`kr-sn a ekds ikeasa (hdlk a tdpa hn
`nlújda kqud? skcêa hn fncnzk, rnstkurk`tn ntj.) hk jaeu`dhkhn.
Hurk`tn ks prúxdeks snek`ks, jaepkrtdcmkrneas nssks d`iarekìþns
jae prktdjken`tn tahks ks autrks (hdlk a tdpa hn ja`jarrï`jdk kqud)
hk jaeu`dhkhn n kjmkeas qun vajï pravkvncen`tn lastkrdk hn
kprn`hnr a ensea qun ncns. Yajï nstkrdk d`tnrnsskha ne aftnr ekds
 

sujnssa n prnjkvnr-sn ja`trk as iktarns qun pahnrdke cnvkr snu (hdlk

a tdpa ha `nlújda) â ikcï`jdk1
JCDN@XN RAXN@JDKC? Ä úfvda qun sde.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN?  Útdea. Dssa ä a qun ikrneas. Zau ue has
pkcnstrk`tns qun ea`tau nssn pralrkek. (@êa jmken snus
vn`hnharns hn vn`hnharns.) Ikrnd vdsdtks kas (tdpa ha `nlújda) ka
ca`la hks prúxdeks snek`ks pkrk kprnsn`tkr nssks d`iarekìþns. A
ja`tnÿha cnvk ne tar`a hn := ed`utas pkrk snr trk`sedtdha n ne
snludhk vajï pravkvncen`tn tnrë kclueks pnrlu`tks, partk`ta k
ekdardk hnssks snssþns hurk kpraxdekhken`tn uek mark. Oë qun nssn
ä ue pralrkek pkrk k jaeu`dhkhn, `ús drneas ktä vajï. Yajï `êa
prnjdskrë sn hnscajkr. Eks kpn`ks ikrneas nssks snssþns ne marërdas
`as qukds `êa snrneas d`jaeahkhas, k ide hn jmnlkreas n skdreas
rkpdhken`tn. [ukc snrdk ue fae marërda pkrk `as rnu`dreas n
tnreas uek
JCDN@XN útdek nxpnrdï`jdk
RAXN@JDKC?  Fne,nhujktdvk
jaenìkeassne`assa
snreas d`tnrraepdhas1
trkfkcma âs `avn, n
hnpads hdssa a jkas rnd`k par kqud ‚ n`têa pahnrdk snr au âs adta au
hnpads hks hnznssntn.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN? Xneas autra pralrkek a`hn a ja`vdhkeas pkrk
ue kceaìa. @ús a jmkekeas hn –kceajn-n-kprn`hk―. Hn qukcqunr
iarek, vajï prnjdskrë jaenr kcluek mark, n`têa par qun `êa
kprn`hnr kcla n`quk`ta vajï jaen1 @nstn jksa, vajï drë k ue
rnstkurk`tn. @ús rnsnrvkeas uek skck. Yajï tnrë k apartu`dhkhn hn
sn`tkr-sn ckha k ckha hn vërdas autras ha`as hn neprnsk, tnr ue
hncdjdasa kceaìa n aftnr ue nxjncn`tn ja`mnjden`ta ne jaea
lkrk`tdr a sujnssa hn snu `nlújda. [ukc vajï prninrdrdk1 [un `ús cmn
idzässneas uek vdsdtk iark ha marërda jaenrjdkc au jaepkrnjnr ka
`assa –kceajn-n-kprn`hk―1
JCDN@XN RAXN@JDKC?  A kceaìa jartnsdk pkrnjnr snr uek fak
dhndk.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN?  Útdea. Hdspa`dfdcdzkeas trïs marërdas pkrk k
prdendrk snssêa `nstk snek`k. Xnrneas uek maon ka enda-hdk `a
(`aen ha rnstkurk`tn). Mkvnrë uek `k qukrtk-indrk n autrk `k snxtk-
indrk. [ukc snrdk a encmar hdk pkrk vajï1
JCDN@XN RAXN@JDKC?  Oë tn`ma ue jaepraedssa pkrk maon, eks
pahnrnd dr `k qukrtk-indrk.
 

VNRVNZN@XK@XN?  Útdea. Jacajkrnd snu `aen `k cdstk hn qukrtk-

indrk. A justa hnstn pralrkek ä kcta, eks `êa mkvnrë hnspnsks pkrk
vajï. Jaea oë en`jda`nd, `ús praspnrkeas kpn`ks quk`ha `assk
jaeu`dhkhn praspnrk. Rartk`ta, tneas kpn`ks uek ja`hdìêa pkrk

suk
Ka pkrtdjdpkìêa.
rnsnrvkr suk Yajï
vklk ja`jarhau ne jaepkrnjnr
pkrk nssn hdk, `nstk qukrtk-indrk.
tkcvnz prnjdsneas hnjcd`kr k
pkrtdjdpkìêa hn autras d`tnrnsskhas. N`têa, uek vnz qun vajï sn
jaepraentk, k ÿ`djk jadsk qun pnhdeas snrdk k ln`tdcnzk praidssda`kc
hn jaepkrnjnr au ka en`as hn jk`jnckr jae 68 marks hn
k`tnjnhï`jdk pkrk qun passkeas prnn`jmnr suk vklk jksa vajï `êa
passk vdr. Dssa cmn pkrnjn ousta1
JCDN@XN RAXN@JDKC? Jckra.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN? útdea. nsjrnvk enu `aen ne suk kln`hk. hnssk
iarek, vajï pahnrë ikjdcen`tn ja`tktkr-en jksa prnjdsn rnkln`hkr
snu marërda.
ID@KC HA VAXNDVA.

@k prdendrk snssêa, as ha`as hn neprnsks sn rnu`drêa pkrk vnr k

d`iarekìêa. @nssn hdk a ja`tnÿha fësdja snrë kprnsn`tkha. K snssêa sn
d`djdkrë eastrk`ha hkhas lnrkds hn `nlújdas? [uk`tks neprnsks nxdstne `as
Nstkhas ^`dhas, quk`tks sêa kfnrtks k`ukcen`tn, a å`hdjn hn injmken`ta hks
neprnsks n kssde par hdk`tn ‚ kpn`ks faks d`iarekìþns fësdjks qun
d`tnrnssne k qukcqunr ha`a hn neprnsk. Nssns hkhas snrvne hn safrnkvdsa
parqun eastrke qun 49 % hn tahks ks neprnsks injmke hn`tra hn hnz k`as,
sn`ha qun =2%
K snssêa hncks injmke
ja`td`ukrë jae ks`as hadsrkzþns
jd`ja prdendras
pncksk`as.
qukds ks neprnsks injmke.
Nssns hkhas sêa eudta iëjnds hn snrne aftdhas n vajï pahnrë pnrsa`kcdzë-cas
pkrk ktn`hnr âs suks `njnssdhkhns. Rar nxnepca, hn kjarha jae k rnvdstk
 N`trnprn`nur , ks hnz prd`jdpkds rkzþns hn injmken`ta d`jcune ue
rnckjda`ken`ta rude jae a ja`suedhar, ikcmks `a arìken`ta, jkrï`jdk hn
trnd`ken`ta hn pnssakc, ikcmks ne k`tnjdpkr ks tn`hï`jdks ha enrjkha n
ekrgntd`l d`ja`sdstn`tn8 n hn eë qukcdhkhn.
Cala kpús en`jda`kr k ÿctdek rkzêa ‚ ue ekrgntd`l d`ja`sdstn`tn n hn eë
qukcdhkhn ‚ vajï pahnrë jaenìkr k ikckr safrn kclueks hks ek`ndrks
prd`jdpkds hn ikznr ekrgntd`l. Jaea oë hdssn k`tns, dssa `êa ä hdiåjdc hn sn
ea`tkr. K ÿctdek pkrtn hnssn pralrkek nhujkjda`kc n`sd`krë qun k
 

–prapklk`hk― ä uek hks encmarns iareks hn ja`qudstkr jcdn`tns. N khdvd`mn

a quï. Më nstuhas qun jaepravke dssa. @êa ä `njnssërda d`vn`tkr `khk. K
pkrtn safrn k prapklk`hk jaepkrkrë ks vërdks ek`ndrks hn ikznr k`ÿ`jdas
(pëld`ks kekrncks, rëhda, tncnvdsêa, ekck hdrntk ntj.), frdcmk`tnen`tn

eastrk`ha
jae a parquï
k nxjnìêa, hks
ä jckra, hnhnsvk`tkln`s
oar`kds. hn jkhk uek pkrk ue k`u`jdk`tn ‚ 
Rkrk snr eudta jckra, ktä nssn pa`ta taha a ja`tnÿha ä nhujktdva. Nssn `êa ä
ue ratndra hn vn`hks hdssdeuckha. Xahas as hkhas sêa cnlåtdeas n têa
vkcdasas qun ks pnssaks taekrêa `atk. Eks hnpads, ä jckra, k ÿctdek pkrtn
ikckrë safrn –a pahnr has oar`kds―. Hnsjafrdeas qun as cndtarns hn oar`kds
tn`hne k tnr uek encmar iarekìêa qun k eähdk. As oar`kds sêa lrk`hns
eavden`tkharns hn jaeärjda ne suks jaeu`dhkhns. K kprnsn`tkìêa ä eudta
ja`vd`jn`tn.
Ne ed`mk nxpnrdï`jdk jae enu jcdn`tn hk jaepk`mdk oar`kcåstdjk, tahas
qun kssdstdrke
sn sn`tdu jaeaqunrdke k`u`jdkr
sn iassne `a oar`kcZn`tdrke-sn
jaeprkharns. `a id`kc hkencmar
kprnsn`tkìêa. @d`luäe
d`iarekhas. Rar
quï1 Rarqun quk`ha vajï vn`hnvn`hn,, qunfrk k ja`idk`ìk, eks quk`ha n`sd`k
n`sd`k,,
vajï k ja`strúd.
@ks pkckvrks hn enu fae kedla n jacnlk hn trnd`ken`ta hn vn`hks K`hy
Edccnr, k nssï`jdk hks vn`hks ä ja`strudr rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk, `êa qunfrë-
cks. [uk`ha ks pnssaks sn`tne-sn jaea jaeprkharks, ncks kutaektdjken`tn
cmn rnsdstdrêa. [uk`ha ks pnssaks rnjnfne d`iarekìêa, ncks `êa rnsdstne ‚ 
nspnjdkcen`tn sn k d`iarekìêa ä vkcdask. Yn`hnr ä uek krtn, n ä par dssa qun
hnhdjkeas a Jkpåtuca Hnz nxjcusdvken`tn k nssk mkfdcdhkhn. Eks nssn
jkpåtuca trktk hn jaea snr ue frdcmk`tn nstrktnldstk k`tns hn utdcdzkr uek
ÿ`djk tëtdjk. N tkefäe trktk hn jaea jrdkr vnåjucas qun hn jnrtk iarek
iarjne snus vn`hnharns k ja`strudr uek rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk jkhk vnz ekds
praiu`hk par enda hn ue ktn`hden`ta ka jcdn`tn jae d`iarekìþns kctken`tn
nhujktdvks.
Ykeas acmkr tahas as afontdvas nstrktäldjas qun pahne snr ktd`ldhas jae
ue ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva?

;. Ikjdcdtk a kln`hken`ta hn rnu`dþns.

6. A jkpkjdtk k rnu`dr-sn jae qukcqunr ue ‚ d`jcud`ha as 42% qun `êa
nstêa jaeprk`ha klark.
:. Oë qun k d`iarekìêa
d`iarekìêa ä têa vkcdask, pasdjda`k a vn`hnhar jaea ue
 

nspnjdkcdstk ne vnz hn ue enra vn`hnhar.

8. Oë qun k d`iarekìêa ä têa vkcdask, nck hë jrnhdfdcdhkhn ka vn`hnhar.
>. [uk`ha vajï d`djdk qukcqunr pkcnstrk jae hkhas rnkds n iktas
ja`jrntas, a ektnrdkc hn vn`hks nxpasta ka id`kc hk kprnsn`tkìêa

9. tne eudtavajï
Oë qun ekds tne
jrnhdfdcdhkhn.
a ja`tracn ha ja`tnÿha, vajï hnrrufkrë k
ja`jarrï`jdk. @a jksa hn oar`kds, as ja`jarrn`tns snrdke ks pëld`ks
kekrncks, k tncnvdsêa, a rëhda n kssde par hdk`tn.
<. Jrdk idhncdhkhn â ekrjk.
=. [uk`ha kcluäe cmn hë kcla hn vkcar, vajï qunr rntrdfudr. Ks pnssaks
qun pkrtdjdpkrne hnssk kprnsn`tkìêa drêa qunr k`u`jdkr, ensea qun
pnca sdepcns ikta hn ma`rkrne k hnhdjkìêa ha oar`kc qun
pravdhn`jdau d`iarekìþns têa ÿtnds.
4. ^ek pkrtn hk kprnsn`tkìêa ikcau safrn k departæ`jdk hk
ja`sdstï`jdk ne snus
nstrktäldja qun as k`ÿ`jdas. Dssa kfarhau
oar`kds nstkvke tn`ha.autra
Ks prafcnek
pnssaks
nxpnrden`tkvke k`u`jdkr uek prdendrk vnz n, sn `êa mkvdk
rnsuctkhas denhdktas, hnsdstdke. Nssn pralrkek n`sd`au qun cnvk
tnepa pkrk sn ja`strudr uek prnsn`ìk ekrjk`tn kas acmas hk
jaeu`dhkhn.
;2. Ikz ks pnssaks sn`tdrne-sn quksn `k afrdlkìêa earkc hn kpadkr k
jaeu`dhkhn. –[uk`ta ekds kpada tdvnreas, ekds pralrkeks jaea
nssn pahnrneas ainrnjnr â jaeu`dhkhn―.
;;. K kprnsn`tkìêa nspnjdkcdzkhk n nstrktnldjken`tn praontkhk tar`au ks
vn`hks nxtrneken`tn iëjnds pkrk as vn`hnharns. As rnprnsn`tk`tns
hn vn`hks idznrke jdrjuckr n`trn as praprdntërdas hn `nlújdas uek
kprnsn`tkìêa n`jkhnr`khk qun pnrek`njnu safrn k ensk. Ncns
iacmnkrke as pkd`äds n eastrkrke d`iarekìþns pkrk tahks ks
pnrspnjtdvks. Vnjaen`ha uskr a RawnrRad`t sneprn qun passåvnc,
eks k qunstêa ä qun jkhk rnprnsn`tk`tn passud a ensea ektnrdkc
pkrk kprnsn`tkr.
;6. K kprnsn`tkìêa
k prnsn`tkìêa trk`sedtn tahk k d`iarekìêa qun k kctk
khed`dstrkìêa lastkrdk qun tahas as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds saufnssne.
K ekdardk hks arlk`dzkìþns hn vn`hks hndxk 42% ha prajnssa hn
vn`hks k jrdtärda has vn`hnharns.
;:. Xar`k as rnprnsn`tk`tns ekds nspnrtas. Ensea Ens ea sn kclu`s
 

rnprnsn`tk`tns `êa nstdvnrne usk`ha a ektnrdkc nxktken`tn jaea

nxpcdjkha, a ensea hë k ncns ue d`sdlmt hn sujnssa neprnskrdkc qun
ncns `u`jk tdvnrke k`tns. Dssa kutaektdjken`tn as tar`k ekds
jkpkzns k prnstkr ja`suctks ne suks vn`hks.

Rartk`ta, ensea qun ainrnjnr pkcnstrks nhujktdvks pkrk snus jcdn`tns

patn`jdkds `êa iar prëtdja pkrk vajï, vajï hnvnrdk ja`strudr ue ratndra hn
nstëhda qun ja`täe tahas as hkhas passåvnds hn d`iarekìêa qun pahne snr
d`jcuåhas cë. Kssde vajï pahnrë tnr uek jaepntdìêa jae suk nqudpn hn
vn`hks pkrk hkr k ncns ue d`jn`tdva pkrk eneardzkr k d`iarekìêa. Jkpkjdtkr
snus vn`hnharns jae pahnrasas d`sdlmts ncnvkrë nxklnrkhken`tn snu stktus
kas acmas hn qukcqunr ja`suedhar. Eks, depcnen`tkr ue pralrkek hntkcmkha
jaea nssn, pahnrë ncnvë-ca k ue `åvnc a`hn `d`luäe ja`snludrë jaepntdr
jae vajï.

Jaea Dssa Rahnrdk Ikcmkr? A Nxnjutdva Xëtdja

Ensea hnpads hn mkvnr ja`struåha nssn nckfarkha pralrkek n tï-ca
nxpcdjkha k tahas jae uek jkepk`mk hdl`k hn rnpnrjussêa `kjda`kc,
auvdeas jaen`tërdas has vn`hnharns qun hdzdke? –Yajïs nstêa hn
frd`jkhndrk, `êa ä1 Rar qukc eatdva nu en hkrdk ka trkfkcma hn ikznr tuha dssa
quk`ha `k rnkcdhkhn k ÿ`djk jadsk qun qunra ikznr ä vn`hnr k`ÿ`jdas1―
N nssns rnprnsn`tk`tns pravkvncen`tn trkfkcmkrêa pkrk vajï, n`têa vkeas
cdhkr jae dssa hn autrk ek`ndrk. [ukc ä suk pasdìêa nstrktäldjk1 Klï`jdks hn
k`ÿ`jdas hk Ekhdsa` Kvn`un; n eudtks autrks k jmkeke hn ^`dqun Znccd`l
Rrapasdtda` - ^ZR (Rrapastk ß`djk hn Ykcar). A prafcnek jae nssk
en`tkcdhkhn ä qun nck iajk-sn ne vajï ensea. Nck pnrlu`tk? –A qun ä
nspnjdkc safrn `ús au a qun tneas qun ikznr au a qun `as tar`k encmar qun as
autras1― Kcäe hnssk kfarhklne d`tnr`ken`tn iajkhk (qun ä a eå`dea qun
tahk neprnsk hnvnrdk tnr), vajï tkefäe hnvnrdk nstkr jdn`tn qun k suk encmar
pasdìêa nstrktäldjk hnid`dtdvk passåvnc ä hnhdjkr-sn k kouhkr snus jcdn`tns k
kcjk`ìkr a sujnssa. Rar dssa, nssk neprnsk oar`kcåstdjk hndxkrë hn uskr k

prapastk
`ÿenra hnÿ`djk hn `k
pnssaks vkcar ne nstdcahdkrdken`tn
jaeu`dhkhn Ekhdsa` qun
Kvn`un hn –ktd`ldr
qukcqunr a ekdar
autra vnåjuca hn
 

jaeu`djkìêa― n khatkrë uek pasdìêa nstrktäldjk hnid`dtdvk hn –kouhkr ks

neprnsks n ja`suedharns hn `assa enrjkha k tnrne uek encmar qukcdhkhn
hn vdhk―. Nssn ä ue nxnepca qun hndxk hn iajkr-sn ne sd ensea n pkssk k
iajkr-sn ne snu ja`suedhar. Ne ed`mk ^ZR ekds nstrktäldjk, iajkeas-`as

`êa
kepckkpn`ks `as k`u`jdk`tns,
n nxtnr`ken`tn iajkhk. eks tkefäe `as cndtarns. Ä uek ^ZR ekds

Kpra`iu`hk`ha
Klark ä mark hn depcnen`tkr kd`hk ekds k kfarhklne hn ekrgntd`l
d`iarektdva. Dssa rnqunr uek kfsacutk n afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa.
Afsnrvnd a hdrntar nxnjutdva hnssk neprnsk oar`kcåstdjk ikznr edcklrns. D`djdnd
a prajnssa ou`tk`ha as vërdas hnpkrtken`tas ha pnssakc ne rnu`dþns
jn`trkcdzkhks cnvk`ha-as pkrk pkrtdjdpkr hn ue trnd`ken`ta ne hads hdks
safrn tahas as kspnjtas hn vn`hks d`tncdln`tns n ks encmarns kprnsn`tkìþns. A
hdrntar nxnjutdva n`têa jacajau huks pnssaks pkrk tnstkr ks `avks prëtdjks.
Ncns nrke d`tnlrkcen`tn rnspa`sëvnds pnck pcn`k d`jarparkìêa hnssk
nstrktäldk ne tahas as `åvnds hk neprnsk.
Cnefra-en hn uek rnu`dêa a`hn nu nstkvk ikzn`ha uek kprnsn`tkìêa k
ue hdrntar nxnjutdva n suk nqudpn hn prnsdhn`tns rnlda`kds ‚ as prnsdhn`tns
qun hdrdldke as –lrupas― hn oar`kds hn iarek qun a hdrntar nxnjutdva puhnssn
tnr ekdar ja`tracn. N n`têa, n`quk`ta nu nxpcdjkvk kclu`s has ja`jndtas, a
hdrntar nxnjutdva hdrdldu-sn k ue has prnsdhn`tns n hdssn? –A qun vajï kjmau
ha trnd`ken`ta1―

RVNZDHN@XN?  Nu `êa pkrtdjdpnd hn `n`mue trnd`ken`ta. Nu `êa

qunrdk d`tdedhkr as iu`jda`ërdas jae ed`mk prnsn`ìk.
HDVNXAV N]NJ^XDYA? Fne, jaea vajï drë rniarìkr kcla qun vajï
ensea `êa kprn`hnu1

A nxnjutdva idjau sne ikck. @êa mkvdk krluen`tas. Ncn kpn`ks n`jacmnu-
sn. Kssde jaea tahas as autras prnsdhn`tns `k skck qun tkefäe `êa mkvdke
jaepkrnjdha kas trnd`ken`tas.
N`têa, kprn`hk vajï ensea k cdìêa. Euhk`ìks ‚ euhk`ìks rnkds,
 

encmardks hrkeëtdjks ‚ jaenìke `a tapa n sêa depcnen`tkhks hn jdek pkrk

fkdxa ne qukcqunr neprnsk.

Kuen`tn k Nidjdï`jdk hk Nstrktäldk

Maon ne hdk, k D`tnr`nt passdfdcdtk k jrdkìêa hn pralrkeks ne quksn
qukcqunr tdpa hn sdtukìêa n jdrju`stæ`jdk dekld`ëvnc. Xn`ma ue jcdn`tn, a
Kenrdjk` Krt Vnsaurjns, qun ä a iar`njnhar cåhnr hn enrjkha hn pnìks hn
krtn pkrk maspdtkds. [ukcqunr ue kssuedrdk qun k krtn ä kcla sufontdva. Ä sú
nsjacmnr a tdpa hn krtn qun vajï lastk, jnrta1 Nrrkha. K krtn nxnrjn ue
depkjta neajda`kc. Ä jcd`djken`tn jaepravkha qun kclu`s tdpas hn krtn hn
ikta kouhke a pkjdn`tn k rnjupnrkr-sn ekds rkpdhken`tn. Kcäe ha ekds, k krtn
d`icun`jdk as iu`jda`ërdas, qun k vnne hdkrdken`tn. Rartk`ta, nssk neprnsk
pktrajd`k pkcnstrks `k D`tnr`nt safrn –Ks jd`ja tn`hï`jdks ekds pnrdlasks
pkrk maspdtkds―. Nssn pralrkek oë iad kprnsn`tkha k ekds hn 822 nxnjutdvas
hn maspdtkds. Xuha dssa kja`tnjnu `k D`tnr`nt. @d`luäe prnjdsau vdkokr.
K d`iarekìêa qun k neprnsk iar`njn ä deprnssda`k`tn, fne nstruturkhk n
kctken`tn d`iarektdvk. As maspdtkds tïe hn cdhkr jae särdas hnskidas, as qukds
sêa nxpcdjkhas `k kprnsn`tkìêa. K snludr, ainrnìk sulnstþns hn jaea
sacujda`kr as prafcneks, eastrk`ha qun më eudtas rnjursas hdspa`åvnds pkrk
tar`kr as maspdtkds ekds nidjkzns. A pa`ta jmkvn ha pralrkek ä ikznr jae
qun tuha snok departk`tn, nspnjdkcen`tn a hnsdl` ha maspdtkc ktä suk
hnjarkìêa. Nssn pralrkek usk pnìks hn krtn jaea ue nxnepca hn jaea jkhk
hntkcmn ja`tk. Jaea rnsuctkha, enu jcdn`tn ja`sjdn`tdzau a enrjkha `k rkzêa
pnck qukc ä a iar`njnhar ekds n`tn`hdha hn pnìks hn krtn pkrk maspdtkds.
Yajï pahn vdsdtkr suk pëld`k hn D`tnr`nt n sncnjda`kr hn`trn edcmkrns hn
(www.kenrdjk`krtrnsaurjns.jae).
pnìks hn krtn (www.kenrdjk`krtrnsaurjns.jae ). Znus ja`suctarns sêa
kctken`tn trnd`khas. @a pksskha, nssk neprnsk `êa nrk jkpkz hn pasdjda`kr-sn
irn`tn kas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas n kctas nxnjutdvas hn maspdtkds, eks klark
kcjk`ìau k pasdìêa –tap-ai-ed`h― hn`trn as ekdarns maspdtkds ha eu`ha.
Xrkfkcmnd jae uek jkhndk eudta lrk`hn hn caoks hn jkcìkhas, a`hn
ja`vn`jd a ha`a k ikznr uek pnsqudsk safrn päs, eahk n jkcìkhas. Rar
nxnepca, më 6;8 Kedc
úrlêa ha jarpa. tnred`kìþns`as
trk`spdrkìêa `nrvasks `as päs
päs prahuz qun sêa ja`njtkhks
kpraxdekhken`tn uek kxåjkrk
jkhk
 

hn suar par hdk. K qukcdhkhn ha skpkta ikz uek lrk`hn hdinrn`ìk `k

jkpkjdhkhn hn pnredtdr qun k uedhkhn nsjkpn au `k kjueuckìêa hn fkjtärdks
 ‚ ks qukds sêa trkzdhks pkrk hn`tra hn jksk. Nssk jkhndk hn caoks hn jkcìkhas
trnd`k jkhk vn`hnhar jae uek quk`tdhkhn n`aren hn d`iarekìêa safrn päs,

eahk n jkcìkhas. Kcäe

nssks d`iarekìþns, hdssa, qun
hn iarek jkhkascaok tne ue prëtdja
vn`hnharns passkeidjmërda
d`strudrjae tahks
qukcqunr
ja`suedhar safrn qukcqunr ue has kssu`tas. Dssa as kouhk k ktd`ldr as
snlud`tns afontdvas nstrktäldjas?

;. Yn`hnr ekds jkcìkhas.

6. Yn`hnr jkcìkhas hn encmar qukcdhkhn.
:. Ja`strudr idhncdhkhn â ekrjk.
8. Nstkfncnjnr jaepntï`jdks.
>. Ja`strudr ue rnckjda`ken`ta/rnckìêa a`hn a ja`suedhar sú drë
qunrnr
N kssde parjaeprkr
hdk`tn. ne suk caok.

K Vkzêa Rnck [ukc Nu Xkefäe Ja`sdhnra a Vatndra hn

Nstëhda ue Krluen`ta Rrd`jdpkc
Vnidra-en ka ratndra hn nstëhda jaea snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc parqun,
prd`jdpkc parqun, sn
iar rnkcdzkha jarrntken`tn, nssn krluen`ta prd`jdpkc iar`njnrë hkhas qun

ikrêa hn
fksn jae
fksn hn qunsnu
taha snuekrgntd`l.
ekrgntd`lAshïhkhas
ekdarns rnsuctkhas.
nstkfncnjne as As hkhashnsnjaeprk
jrdtärdas tar`kene
k
snu ikvar.
Rar nxnepca, `nstn eaen`ta nstau trkfkcmk`ha jae uek jaepk`mdk qun
vn`hn sacuìþns hn d`jn`tdva k autrks neprnsks. Nssns sêa uskhas pncas snus
jcdn`tns pkrk kuen`tkr k idhncdhkhn â ekrjk, eatdvkr jaeprks, kssde jaea
kuen`tkr k rntn`ìêa hn iu`jda`ërdas n k pnriarek`jn. As vn`hnharns hk
lrk`hn ekdardk hks autrks neprnsks `nstk ërnk ainrnjnrêa d`jn`tdvas qun
`u`jk tn d`tnrnsskrêa. Enu jcdn`tn ainrnjnrë ue deprnssda`k`tn d`iarektdva
safrn ks –[uktra ek`ndrks hn kuen`tkr as cujras, k pnriarek`jn n ks
vn`hks―.
Hurk`tn nssn ekrkvdcmasa d`iarektdva, a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc kprn`hn uek
 

n`aren quk`tdhkhn hn d`iarekìêa safrn tahks nssks ërnks. A rnsuctkha id`kc ä

qun a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc sn tar`k eudta ekds d`iarekha safrn a pahnr n a usa
hn d`jn`tdvas pkrk hdrdldr snus `nlújdas. K`tns hn vnr nssns hkhas, as jrdtärdas
hn jaeprk ha jcdn`tn patn`jdkc pravkvncen`tn nrke nxtrneken`tn vklas n

hnsd`iarekhas.
eatdvkha `êa súKpús vnr as âshkhas,
ne rnckìêa rkzþnsa njcdn`tn nstkrë
ek`ndrks kctken`tn
hn uskr d`iarekha
as d`jn`tdvas, eksn
tkefäe `k neprnsk ha enu jcdn`tn. K neprnsk pkssk k snr vdstk jaea ekds
n`tn`hdhk n saidstdjkhk ha qun qukcqunr ue hn snus jaepntdharns. Rar dssa,
as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk ha enrjkha ikvarnjnrêa a nspnjdkcdstk ne tahks ks
ajksdþns.
Yajï hnvnrdk tnr nssk entk pkrk snu prahuta au snrvdìa. [ukc d`iarekìêa a
kouhkrë k nstkfncnjnr as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk k snu ikvar1 D`hnpn`hn`tn ha qun
vajï vn`hnr, as hkhas ikrêa suk d`iarekìêa dr ekds ca`ln. Kcäe hdssa, ä
departk`tn rnsskctkr qun quk`ta ekds jaepcnxa iar snu prahuta au snrvdìa,
ekdar snrë k apartu`dhkhn hn snr vdsta jaea ue nspnjdkcdstk.

^e Ra`ta Departk`tn
Zn vajï fksndk-sn `k ktdtuhn hn rnkcen`tn qunrnr ktn`hnr k snu ja`suedhar,
snr ue nspnjdkcdstk `a enrjkha ‚ n `êa kpn`ks ue nspnjdkcdstk `as prahutas ‚ 
sdl`didjk snr ekds n`tn`hdha qun qukcqunr ue hn snus ja`jarrn`tns. Dssa ä
iëjdc hn snr indta, oë qun k ekdardk hn snus ja`jarrn`tns sn prnajupkrë ekds
ne vn`hnr prahutas qun pasdjda`kr-sn jaea nspnjdkcdstks. Ne tahas as jksas
a`hn nu pnssakcen`tn hdrdld neprnsks usk`ha ks enseks nstrktäldks au
kouhnd jcdn`tns k ikznr a ensea, `ús cdtnrkcen`tn hnrratkeas `assas
ja`jarrn`tns. Ensea hnpads hn vnr a qun nstëvkeas ikzn`ha, ncns `êa
ja`snludke jaeprnn`hï-ca par jaepcnta. K vnrhkhn ä qun ja`strudr ue
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc au ue ratndra hn nstëhda ä trkfkcmkr hn iarek ekds
d`tncdln`tn, n `êa trkfkcmkr ekds. Kquncn qun hë ka enrjkha d`iarekìþns ne
ekdar quk`tdhkhn n qukcdhkhn sneprn hnrratkrë kquncn qun kpn`ks qunr
vn`hnr prahutas au snrvdìas.
Kqud nstë k jmkvn pkrk nsjacmnr qukds hkhas d`jcudr? Hkhas hn enrjkha sêa
ekds eatdvkharns
ue skpkta qun hkhas
ä ue skpkta hn ha
(hkhas
(hkhas prahutas.
prahutaK
), ekdardk
prahuta), hks pnssaks
eks quk`ha pn`sk qun
vajï kprn`hn qun
 

snus päs nstêa ja`njtkhas k tahas as úrlêas hn snu jarpa, dssa ä ue hkha ha
enrjkha. Dssa ikz suk nsjacmk hn tar`kr-sn eudta ekds departk`tn. N`têa,
pn`sn safrn qukds sêa as hkhas hn enrjkha qun
enrjkha qun ikrêa snus prahuta au snrvdìa
eudta ekds departk`tn.

Ekds Hads Nxnepcas hn Ekrgntd`l D`iarektdva

Xrkfkcmnd jae uek neprnsk qun vn`hdk rnjursas hn pnsqudsk pkrk
praidssda`kds hn depastas (ja`tkharns n khvalkhas). Nck iajkvk-sn ne hkhas
hn prahuta? –Nssn ä a `assa rnjursa hn pnsqudsk n dssa ä a qun ikz―. Kouhnd-as
k iajkr-sn ne hkhas ha enrjkha? –A DVZ6 (D`tnr`kc Vnvn`un Znrvdjn) klark
nxdln qun vajï sdlk nssns vd`tn n hads pkssas ne suk pnsqudsk. Ä depassåvnc
jafrkr nssns pkssas hn snu jcdn`tn, oë qun `n`mue hncns pklkrë par tuha dssa.
Eks a qun vajï pahnrë ikznr ä uskr
u skr `assas prahutas. Nssns prahutas tar`ke a
prajnssa ekds rëpdha―. As hkhas ha enrjkha tar`ke as hkhas ha prahuta
eudta ekds departk`tns.
Nxnepca 6? Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk jkcn`hërdas dcustrkhas qun dke
hnshn idcmatns hn jkjmarra k Rkenck K`hnrsa`. Vnkcdzkeas kclu`s nstuhas n
hnsjafrdeas qun, par entra qukhrkha, ks cdvrkrdks nstkvke vn`hn`ha 82%
ekds ne vacuen qun as lrk`hns vkrnodstks. Rar quï1 Rarqun ks cdvrkrdks
nstkvke jacajk`ha as jkcn`hërdas ka ckha has jkdxks. [uk`ha ä qun vajï
jaeprk jkcn`hërdas1 @a id`kc ha k`a. Hdlkeas qun vajï nstnok cë, nspnrk`ha

`k idck pkrkZnu
Eustk`ls. pklkr pncas
jmnin keksnus prnsn`tnsjcëssdjas
Eustk`ls hn @ktkc, n vajïjaeprk
n vajï vï ueue
jkcn`hërda hn
jkcn`hërda
pkrk ncn.
Ks lrk`hns caoks vkrnodstks nstkvke jacajk`ha as jkcn`hërdas `k snìêa hn
pkpnckrdk. Ncns `êa jmnlkvke `ne pnrta hn vn`hnr k ensek quk`tdhkhn hn
jkcn`hërdas par prktncndrk au eastruërda. Ka eastrkr nssns hkhas k ekds n
ekds caoks, enu jcdn`tn kuen`tau ks vn`hks ne 62% ne ue ÿ`dja k`a, ka
ja`trërda has quktra k`as k`tnrdarns ne qun `êa mkvdk tdha `n`mue kuen`ta
ne vn`hks k`tns hn utdcdzkr nssns hkhas pkrk jacajkr a pasdjda`ken`ta has
jkcn`hërdas ne encmarns cajkds.
N dssa rnsnrvkr
prnjdskrë sn rnpntnuesneprn. D`hnpn`hn`tn
tnepa pkrk hn qune
jacmnr hkhas vajï snok
ha enrjkha au vn`hk,
n ja`strudr snu
 

krluen`ta prd`jdpkc au snu ratndra hn nstëhda.

Maon ne hdk, k D`tnr`nt tar`k as hkhas ha enrjkha ikjdcen`tn hdspa`åvnds.
\nfsdtns jaea a www.jn`sus.lav 
www.jn`sus.lav  n www.j``.jae 
www.j``.jae  passune útdeks
d`iarekìþns safrn qukcqunr túpdja qun vajï passk dekld`kr. Yajï `êa tnrë

hdidjuchkhns ne jacntkrä n`arens

prd`jdpkc. A prafcnek rnsnrvkr quk`tdhkhns hn hkhas
tnepa pkrk ou`tkr tuhapkrk
dssasnu krluen`ta
hn iarek qun
ikìk sn`tdha. Rar sartn, nxdstn uek jaepk`mdk jmkekhk Nepdrn Vnsnkrjm
(www.nepdrnrnsnkrjmlraup.jae)) qun pahn ikznr nssn trkfkcma par
Lraup (www.nepdrnrnsnkrjmlraup.jae
vajï.

K Rravk Jkfkc
@a enrjkha hn khvajkjdk, a tnrea  pravk jkfkc 
jkfkc  rninrn-sn âquncn pnhkìa hn
nvdhï`jdk qun lkrk`tn k hnrratk hn snu apa`n`tn. Yajï n`ja`trk k pravk ha
jrden qun tar`k a kjuskha jucpkha. Kja`tnjn a ensea jae k pnsqudsk.
Zneprn më kqunck pasdìêa hn pravk jkfkc qun a pasdjda`krë kjdek hn tahas as
autras. A ikta hn qun k krtn rnkcen`tn praeavn k jurk n qun jkcn`hërdas sêa
vn`hdhas qun `ne ëluk quk`ha pasdjda`khas ka ckha ha jkdxk sêa kefas
pravks jkfkds. Rassa ikznr uek cdstk jae jn`tn`ks hn nxnepcas n passa hdznr-
cmn dssa jae k ekdar snlurk`ìk? Zneprn mkvnrë uek pravk jkfkc. Zneprn.
Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk snrvdìas hn okrhd`klne n nrk jaeue qun
kclu`s hn snus iu`jda`ërdas rnsacvnssne vdrkr ks jastks â neprnsk n raufkr
snus jcdn`tnspkrk
hdrntken`tn ainrnjn`ha
ede ne avnzensea trkfkcma
hn pklkr par neprnsk―.
k ed`mk en`as? –Ä sú pklkr
K nqudpn hn
pnsqudsk hnsjafrdu ue jksa ne qun a nstkha hn @avk Darqun prajnssau a
praprdntërda hn uek jksk, iarìk`ha-a k pklkr d`hn`dzkìêa trkfkcmdstk pkrk ue
iu`jda`ërda hn okrhd`klne par mkvnr sn ekjmujkha n`quk`ta trkfkcmkvk `a
krhde ha praprdntërda. Eastrn nssn hkha k ue ja`suedhar qun prninrdu
ja`trktkr a okrhd`ndra hdrntken`tn pkrk nja`aedzkr $> par eïs n pnrlu`tn k
ncn? –Yajï tne jnrtnzk qun snu `ava okrhd`ndra passud snlura hn d`hn`dzkìêa
trkfkcmdstk1 Rarqun sn ncn `êa a passud n sn ekjmujk n`quk`ta trkfkcmk ne
snu okrhde, vajï pahnrdk snr id`k`jndrken`tn rnspa`sëvnc pnck d`hn`dzkìêa
hurk`tn taha a tnepa `a qukc ncn pnrek`njnr ekjmujkha―. Dssa ä
hnid`dtdvken`tn uek pravk jkfkc ‚ ue ÿ`dja ikta qun tar`k kctken`tn
 

depravëvnc k mdpútnsn hn qun kclue jcdn`tn prnidrk ja`trktkr ue iu`jda`ërda

hdrntken`tn, jksa nssn `êa passuk k kutardzkìêa n snlura kpraprdkhas.
Rkrk aftnr as ekds pahnrasas hkhas hn enrjkha n hnsjafrdr k pravk jkfkc,
a truqun ä afsnrvkr tuha ka ca`la ha tnepa. Ä kssde qun vajï ikrë ks

ekdarns n ekds d`usdtkhks

nvdtkvk vn`hnr hnsjafnrtks.
snus prahutas Xdvnvkrnodstks
k lrk`hns ue jcdn`tn qun hncdfnrkhken`tn
jaea a \kc-Ekrt. K
jaepk`mdk ikzdk tahks suks vn`hks k pnqun`ks caoks hn prnsn`tns. ^e
pauqud`ma hn pnsqudsk rnvncau qun nxdstdke :9 edc caoks hn prnsn`tns. Dssa
kpkrn`tkvk snr ue `ÿenra lrk`hn, eks sú ktä jaepkrë-ca ka `ÿenra hn caoks
hn prnsn`tns qun nxdstdke ne ;4=>. Mkvdk 49 edc! Dssa sdl`didjk qun 92 edc
caoks hn prnsn`tns mkvdke injmkha, n`quk`ta a \kc-Ekrt d`kulurk `avks
caoks sne pkrkr. Dssa inz enu jcdn`tn euhkr kprnsskhken`tn hn nstrktäldk. Hï
uek acmkhk `as hkhas ka ca`la ha tnepa. Ä d`jråvnc.
Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk tnrkpdk kctnr`ktdvk k eähdjas. ^e nstuha
eastrau qunFakasnstktåstdjk,
kctnr`ktdvks. ja`suedharns d`vnstdke
sne hÿvdhks. $892
Eks më edcmþns
hnz k`as ktrës, ne
nrketnrkpdks
kpn`ks
$89 edcmþns. Nssn `ÿenra jrnsjnu hnz vnzns ne hnz k`as. Hn ikta, maon, më
:>2 edcmþns hn vdsdtks k eähdjas k`ukcen`tn. Eks më 862 edcmþns hn vdsdtks
k praidssda`kds hn enhdjd`k kctnr`ktdvk. Zde, sêa <2 edcmþns hn vdsdtks k ekds
kas praidssda`kds qun `êa rnjndtke rneähdas. Nssks sêa tn`hï`jdks n, par
kclue eatdva, quksn `d`luäe ks `atk. Eks nsja`hdhks saf nssks tn`hï`jdks
nstêa vk`tkln`s nstrktäldjks qun hnrratke suk ja`jarrï`jdk, a d`snrne `a
enrjkha ekds ikjdcen`tn n ainrnjne kcla hn d`tnrnssn ka snu ja`suedhar.

 Nxnrjåjda
;. Ikìk uek cdstk hn snus afontdvas nstrktäldjas. Hï uek acmkhk
`kquncns hk neprnsk oar`kcåstdjk jaea uek hdrntrdz. Ne snludhk
ikìk ue wargsmap jae suk nqudpn pkrk jkhk ue has dtn`s. Znrë
uek nxpnrdï`jdk praiu`hk. Rnrlu`tn ka snu pnssakc? –A qun `as
tar`krdk ekds rnspndtkhas1― Ikìk ue wargsmap safrn dssa. Ne
snludhk pnrlu`tn k ncns? –A qun `as pasdjda`krdk jaea ue
nspnjdkcdstk
Hdsjutk kasasacmas
tahas hn `assasnstrktäldjas
;: afontdvas ja`suedharns1― N kssde
cdstkhas par hdk`tn.
`a nxnepca hk
 

neprnsk oar`kcåstdjk, n arlk`dzn ue wargsmap pkrk jkhk ue hncns

 ou`tken`tn jae suk nqudpn. Nssns wargsmaps snrêa eudta
prahutdvas.
6. Ikìk ue fajkha hn pnsqudsk hn enrjkha `k suk d`hÿstrdk ka ca`la

ha
kastnepa.
snus Vnldstrn tuha a qunHnhdqun
ja`suedharns. vajï hnsjafrdr
kcluequntnepa
passk snr hn vkcar
pkrk dssa
snek`kcen`tn ktä qun vajï tn`mk jnrtnzk qun n`ja`trau suk pravk
jkfkc.

Ja`jcusêa
^ek hks jadsks ekds nstrktäldjks k sn ikznr ä n`ja`trkr hkhas hn enrjkha qun
tar`ne snu prahuta au snrvdìa ekds departk`tn. @êa departk sn vajï vn`hn
jrnen hn fkrfnkr au snrvdìas hn hncdvnry 68 marks ‚ nxdstne hkhas hn
enrjkha qun tar`krêa snu prahuta ekds vdtkc.
Klark ja`sdhnrn `avken`tn kquncns nxnjutdvas tk`ta nstrktäldjas quk`ta
tëtdjas. A nxnjutdva nstrktäldja n`tn`hn qun ue krluen`ta prd`jdpkc au uek
kfarhklne hn ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva kfrdrë ks partks ekds iëjdc n
rkpdhken`tn, a pnredtdrë ja`strudr ekds rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk n k nintukr ekds
vn`hks. K pkrtn tëtdjk hkquncn frdcmk`tn nxnjutdva n`têa sn jnrtdidjkrë qun ncn
au nck nstë depcnen`tk`ha nssk kfarhklne jae uek nidjëjdk jnrtndrk `a
`åvnc tëtdja. Zn qunr ja`strudr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , vajï
prnjdskrë pn`skr n pck`nokr jaea ue nstrktnldstk n depcnen`tkr jaea ue
lrk`hn tëtdja.
 QQQQQQQQQQ 
; –Ekhdsa` Kvn`un― ä uek enta`åedk jaeue uskhk `k ërnk hn prapklk`hk.
Vninrn-sn âs neprnsks `k d`hÿstrdk hn prapklk`hk cajkcdzkhks `k Kvn`dhk
Ekhdsa`, ne @avk Darqun qun sairnrke ue jrnsjden`ta nxpa`n`jdkc `k
häjkhk hn ;462.
6  Znrvdìa hn rnjndtk ha Lavnr`a Inhnrkc has Nstkhas ^`dhas, rnspa`sëvnc
pnck jacntk hn depastas. Jarrnspa`hnrdk, `a Frksdc, â Vnjndtk Inhnrkc.
 

Ja`trktk`ha Zupnrnstrncks
Jaea Kjncnrkr Znu Jrnsjden`ta ^sk`ha Xkcn`tas Kctken`tn
N`lkokhas ne Xahas as @åvnds

Zn vajï qunr ja`strudr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , uek hks pnìks

jmkvn ha qunfrk-jkfnìk ä n`tn`hnr a pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn has iu`jda`ërdas
ekds prahutdvas. Au snok, vajï prnjdsk kprn`hnr k ja`trktë-cas n rntï-cas n
n`têa kpcdjkr tuha a qun vajï oë kprn`hnu ktä klark `nstn cdvra. N jaea vajï
vnrë, jkhk jkpåtuca sufsnqun`tn sn kpraiu`hkrë jkhk vnz ekds.
Nssn jkpåtuca rnvnckrë 62 k`as hn snlrnhas `k prëtdjk hn n`ja`trkr,
n`trnvdstkr, tnstkr, eatdvkr, jaepn`skr, n khed`dstrkr iu`jda`ërdas
supnrnstrncks.
Ne eähdk, jkhk ja`trktkìêa ekcsujnhdhk justk $92 edc â neprnsk, `a
n`tk`ta k ekdardk hks ja`trktkìþns ä indtk fksnkhk ne n`trnvdstks qun hurke
uek mark ‚ jae sartn. Ja`vnrsnd jae as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn jaepk`mdks
qun nstdeke qun uek ÿ`djk ja`trktkìêa ekcsujnhdhk justn edcmþns pkrk ncns.
@nstn jkpåtuca, vajï kprn`hnrë kclu`s eätahas ÿ`djas n nidjkzns pkrk
hntnjtkr as hnindtas hks pnssaks k`tns hn ja`trktë-cks. K ekdardk hks neprnsks
`êa hnsjafrn `n`mue has prafcneks k`tns hks pnssaks trkfkcmkrne pkrk ncks
hurk`tn eudtas ensns. Ktä cë, a prajnssa hn rneaìêa snrë hacarasa au, pdar
kd`hk, vajï as hndxkrë `k pasdìêa hnvdha ka ikta hn skfnrne jaea ikznr a
trkfkcma n hn vajï `êa tnr a tnepa au k n`nrldk hn rnpø-cas.
@k äpajk ne qun nu nrk a iu`jda`ërda ekds prahutdva a`hn qunr qun nu
trkfkcmkssn, pn`skvk qun a ÿ`dja eatdva pnca qukc nu nrk a iu`jda`ërda
`ÿenra ue nrk parqun ks neprnsks `arekcen`tn `êa ja`trktkvke pnssaks
jaea nu, pads nssn nstdca hn pnssak ä hdiåjdc hn sn khed`dstrkr. Yajï ja`mnjn
fne a tdpa? k`sdasks pkrk klrkhkr, sneprn prajurk`ha ekds jadsks pkrk ikznr,
sneprn qunrn`ha ekds rnspa`skfdcdhkhns, sneprn qunrn`ha skfnr ekds ha qun
rnkcen`tn prnjdske skfnr. Nu nrk kssde ‚ ue jmkta ‚ eks nssn tdpa hn
iu`jda`ërda vkcn
khnqukhken`tn. jkhk
N`têa ournd jn`tkva snsufdssn
qun quk`ha vajï k uek
jk`kcdzkr
pasdìêasuks n`nrldks
hn kutardhkhn,
 

nu saen`tn ja`trktkrdk nssn tdpa hn pnssaks.

N`têa iud trkfkcmkr pkrk a Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr n tdvn k cdfnrhkhn hn ja`trktkr
qune nu qudsnssn. [uk`ha tn`tnd ja`trktkr `khk ekds qun supnrnstrncks,
hnsjafrd qun nrke uek rkìk nxtrneken`tn rkrk. Ja`snqun`tnen`tn, lksta as
prúxdeas vd`tn k`asn supnrnstrncks.
kctken`tn prahutdvas nstuhk`ha a in`øen`a qun prahuz iu`jda`ërdas
Nxärjdtas hn ue maene sú pahne ktä pn`skr qun `êa nstêa `k pasdìêa hn
ja`trktkr `d`luäe, nspnjdkcen`tn supnrnstrncks. Eks vajï snrë ja`vn`jdha
ha ja`trërda. Dekld`n a qun ue ÿ`dja vn`hnhar kctken`tn prahutdva pahnrdk
ikznr pnca snu `nlújda. @a qun vajï pahnrdk iajkr-sn n rnkcdzkr sn tdvnssn
autrk pnssak qun judhkssn hn suks vn`hks jae d`tncdlï`jdk1 [uêa ekds rëpdha
jrnsjnrdk snu `nlújda1 Eastrnd k eudtas neprnn`hnharns qun pn`skvke `êa
tnr jaea pklkr vn`hnharns k ja`trktkr uek nqudpn d`tndrk fksnkha
u`djken`tn ne jaedssþns. Nssk ä uek euhk`ìk rkhdjkc hn pkrkhdlek pkrk k
ekdardk has `nlújdas n pahn eachkr suk neprnsk d`tndrk ha hdk pkrk k `adtn.
Rartk`ta, sn vajï pn`sk qun `êa tne jaea ja`trktkr au `êa prnjdsk hn uek
supnrnstrnck klark, pn`sn `avken`tn. Nssn jkpåtuca hntkcmkrë jaea ikznr
qukcqunr neprnsk au ërnk jrnsjnr ekds rëpdha sn vajï ä sëfda a suidjdn`tn
pkrk jaepkrtdcmkr k rdqunzk.

 Nxnrjåjda
Rkrk nxärjdtas hn ue maene sú n neprnsks pnqun`ks? Hnhdqun ue
ed`uta pkrk cdstkr trïs d`djdktdvks qun vajï kharkrdk qun kcluäe
nxnjutkssn pkrk vajï. K rnjaepn`sk patn`jdkc hnssks d`djdktdvks
tne hn snr lrk`hn jksa k pnssak rnkcdzn ue nxjncn`tn trkfkcma. Ka
ckha hn jkhk d`djdktdvk nsjrnvk a qun ncks pahnrdke sdl`didjkr pkrk
snus `nlújdas n uek nstdektdvk eå`dek ne vkcar ea`ntërda. Klark
cdstn a qun vajï pahnrdk pklkr k nssks pnssaks sn rnkcen`tn
aftdvnssne uek fak pnriarek`jn. Zn k rnjaepn`sk iar lrk`hn a
suidjdn`tn, vajï sneprn snrë jkpkz hn n`ja`trkr pnssaks qun nstkrêa
hdspastks k jaepkrtdcmë-ck.
Rkrk neprnsks
hnvnrdke hn eähda
sne rnkcdzkhks paraukcluäe
lrk`hn partn? cdstn prnjdsn
qun vajï trïs tkrniks qun
ja`tktkr
 

klark. Dssa ä vkcdha ensea sn nxdldr k rnpasdìêa hn kcluäe qun `êa

nstë ktd`ld`ha k pnriarek`jn k ue `åvnc hn supnrnstrnck. Ka ckha hn
jkhk tkrnik, nsjrnvk a qun jkhk uek sdl`didjkrdk pkrk snus `nlújdas
tnr uek supnrnstrnck pkrk rnkcdzë-cks. Hï suk encmar nstdektdvk hn
quk`ta nssk
qun vajï supnrnstrnck
pahnrdk pklkr kvkcnrdk ea`ntkrdken`tn.
nck sn kcjk`ìkssn uek fakKlark jkcjucn a
pnriarek`jn.
Yactkrneas k nssn kssu`ta `a hnjarrnr ha jkpåtuca.

Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk cdstkln`s hn D`tnr`nt pkrk jdrurldþns pcëstdjas. Rar
nxnepca, sn vajï nstdvnssn pn`sk`ha ne ikznr uek ekeapckstdk hn kuen`ta,
vajï pahnrdk vdsdtkr k pëld`k hn d`tnr`nt www.frnkstdepck`ts8;;. jae
(d`iarekìêa safrn prútnsns ekeërdks) n ja`suctkr ks jn`tn`ks hn iatas hn
–k`tns-n-hnpads― n n`têa nsjacmnr ue jdrurldêa pcëstdja ne suk ërnk pkrk
ja`vnrskr safrn k jdrurldk. Nssk neprnsk iad iu`hkhk par ue vn`hnhar
kctken`tn prahutdva.
vn`hks. Jaea ncn nrk[uk`ha `as ja`mnjneas,
ue nxjncn`tn ncnrnsdstdk
vn`hnhar, ncn enseaâ ja`trktkìêa
ikzdk tahks hn
ks
autras vn`hnharns par vërdas eatdvas?

;. Ncn `êa qunrdk kfrdr eêa hk jaedssêa qun rnjnfnrdk sn trkfkcmkssn

sazd`ma.
6. Ncn `êa td`mk nxpnrdï`jdk kcluek `k ja`trktkìêa hn iu`jda`ërdas n
`êa skfdk fne jaea rnkcdzkr au nstruturkr nssn prajnhden`ta.
:. Ncn kjmkvk qun a justa hk ja`trktkìêa hn vn`hnharns snrdk ekdekdar
ar
qun a cujra qun ncns cmn trkrdke.

Idzneas as jëcjucas. Zn ncn pklkssn kpn`ks 62% hn jaedssêa pkrk a

vn`hnhar, ncn rnjnfnrdk =2% ha tatkc. Kcäe hdssa, sn a vn`hnhar vn`hnssn k
ensek quk`tdhkhn qun ncn vn`hdk tahas as ensns, rnjnfnrdk ue skcërda k`ukc
hn snds håldtas.
Fksnkha `dssa, jacajkeas ue k`ÿ`jda `a oar`kc usk`ha a skcërda ekds kcta
passåvnc jaea dsjk. Ä d`jråvnc a `ÿenra hn neprnsks qun k`u`jdke a skcërda
eähda qun ue vn`hnhar pahn rnjnfnr. Ä kssde qun vajï ktrkd vn`hnharns
rkzaëvnds. Jacaqun a ekdar vkcar passåvnc qun ue vn`hnhar kctken`tn
prahutdva pahnrë rnjnfnr pncas snus k`ÿ`jdas. Hnpads ikckrneas ekds safrn
dssa.
Hnpads hn kclu`s ensns, nssn neprnn`hnhar td`mk jd`ja vn`hnharns
 

trkfkcmk`ha pkrk ncn n dssa kuen`tau k rnjndtk hk neprnsk ne quksn jd`ja

vnzns. N, a ekds departk`tn, a ha`a hndxau hn trkfkcmkr `a `nlújda pkrk
trkfkcmkr pkrk a `nlújda. Hnshn kqunck äpajk, ncn oë ja`strudu vërdks
neprnsks hn eudta sujnssa n euhau pkrk sneprn snu eaha hn pn`skr safrn k
ja`trktkìêa hn supnrnstrncks.

Ha [un Ä Indta uek Zupnrnstrnck1

A tdpa hn pnssak ka qukc nstau en rninrd`ha sêa kquncks qun ensea sn
jacajkhks ne uek sdtukìêa rude, jae inrrken`tks rud`s, jae rnjursas rud`s
n sne trnd`ken`ta, hn`tra hn ue eïs jaenìkrêa k supnrkr snus encmarns
iu`jda`ërdas au encmarkr suk neprnsk ne ek`ndrks qun vajï `u`jk sa`mau
snr passåvnc. Ja`trktkr kcluäe kssde `êa hnpn`hn hn sartn. Hnpn`hn hn uek
jaeprnn`sêa hks jkrkjtnråstdjks hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn qun sn n`jkdxke `k pasdìêa
pkrk k qukc vajï nstë ja`trktk`ha n tkefäe hn passudr ks inrrken`tks
`njnssërdks pkrk dhn`tdidjkr as jk`hdhktas qun passune nssks jkrkjtnråstdjks.
Jrdkr pnrids hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn ä k jmkvn pkrk sn n`ja`trkr supnrnstrncks.
Eudtks jaepk`mdks ainrnjne tnstns pkrk hntnred`kr pnrids psdjacúldjas. Zú
qun klark ncns `êa a jmkeke hn jrdkìêa hn pnrids hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn. A tnrea
jarrnta ä kvkcdkìêa jaepartken`tkc 
jaepartken`tkc  aujrdkìêa
au jrdkìêa hn pnrids hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn.
pnrsa`kcdhkhn.
Jae a d`tudta hn uskr kpn`ks ue tnrea, en rninrdrnd k nssn eätaha hn
jaeprnn`hnr k psdqun hn uek pnssak hn pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn.
Zú jaea nxnepca,
jaepravkhas iaqunea-`as
n papuckrns, a pnridc hnne ue has eätahas
pnrsa`kcdhkhn HDZJ.ekds hnsn`vacvdhas,
A HDZJ ä fksnkha
ne nstuhas indtas pnca psdjúcala hk Mkrvkrh, \dccdke Eaucta` Ekrsta` ne
;46= n tne sdha hnsn`vacvdha n kpnrindìakha par hnzn`ks hn jaepk`mdks ka
ca`la has k`as. K sdlck HDZJ rnprnsn`tk as quktra kspnjtas hk pnrsa`kcdhkhn?
Haed`æ`jdk (H), D`icuï`jdk (D), nZtkfdcdhkhn (Z) n Ja`iaredhkhn (J). As
tnstns HDZJ uske kssajdkìþns n`trn pkckvrks pkrk en`surkr k d`tn`sdhkhn hn
jkhk jkrkjtnråstdjk ha jk`hdhkta sn`ha tnstkha.
K haed`æ`jdk
haed`æ`jdk   ä k jkrkjtnråstdjk hk pnrsa`kcdhkhn rnckjda`khk â iarìk ha
nla. Ä uek en`surkìêa ha pahnr pnssakc, ha hnsnoa hn ja`trackr ks sdtukìþns
n a quêa fne vajï sn kidrek ne d`tnrkìþns. Jk`hdhktas qun nxdfke ue kcta
`åvnc hn haed`æ`jdk
haed`æ`jdk tïe
 tïe nlas iartns. Kpnskr hk tn`hï`jdk hk pkckvrk nla tnr
 

ja`atkìþns `nlktdvks, ä hn ikta kcla hnsnoëvnc ne jnrtks sdtukìþns. A Ha`kch

Xruep tne a nla iartn. Yajï kjmk qun dssa a kouhau k kuen`tkr as $6>
edcmþns qun snu pkd vkcdk kas fdcmþns qun ncn vkcn maon1 N tkefäe më kquncns
autras qun tne ue nla en`as úfvda, eks qun jckrken`tn as kouhke. Yajï
kjmk
iartn qun a Ztnvn` hn
ja`sjdï`jdk Zpdncfnrl tne(nla)
sd ensea uek pnrsa`kcdhkhn
qun a ludau kirkjk1 @êa7ue
tar`kr-sn ncn has
tne ekds
uek
pahnrasas prahutarns/hdrntarns ha pck`ntk.
^e nla iartn ä jrujdkc pkrk ks vn`hks parqun sdl`didjk qun vajï tnrë k
eatdvkìêa n k kefdìêa pnssakc pkrk nintukr a eëxdea hn vn`hks passåvnds n k
krekhurk pkrk `êa kfsarvnr rnondìþns rnpntdhks n ktä ruhns pnssakcen`tn. Xkc
eatdvkìêa n kefdìêa sdl`didjke qun pnssaks hn kctk haed`æ`jdk sêa pkrk
taekr kìêa n hnjdsþns. Ncks lastke hn ja`trackr, `êa supartke k d`ktdvdhkhn n
praspnrke ne hnskidas. As hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn ekdar sujnssa tïe ue
kcta `åvnc hn haed`æ`jdk. Ä kssde qun ncns rnkcdzke a trkfkcma! Kcluäe qun
nxdfn uek fkdxk haed`æ`jdk ä
haed`æ`jdk ä ekds jkutncasa, ja`suctk ekds n nxdln en`as.
K d`icuï`jdk
d`icuï`jdk   rninrn-sn jaea k d`tnrkìêa ä indtk ne sdtukìþns sajdkds n k
qukcdhkhn n quk`tdhkhn hk jaeu`djkìêa. Rnssaks hn kctk d`icuï`jdk 
d`icuï`jdk  kharke
pnssaks. Ncks sêa `kturkcen`tn nepëtdjks, ikjdcen`tn jacajk`ha-sn `k
pasdìêa ha autra n jaeprnn`hn`ha snu pa`ta hn vdstk. Ncks trkfkcmke fne
ne nqudpn n sêa rëpdhks n n`nrlätdjks. Xkefäe sêa pnrsuksdvks,
jaeu`djktdvks n vnrfkds. Rnssaks hn fkdxk d`icuï`jdk 
d`icuï`jdk  sêa särdks, cúldjks,
ikjtukds n qunstda`kharks.
K nstkfdcdhkhn
nstkfdcdhkhn   sn rnsuen ka quêa pkjdn`tn, pnrsdstn`tn n ja`sdhnrkhk k
pnssak ä. Rnssaks hn kctk nstkfdcdhkhn 
nstkfdcdhkhn  taeke kìþns n hnjdsþns
hncdfnrkhken`tn. Ncks trkfkcmke hn iarek ja`stk`tn n u`didjkhk jae as
autras, eks sêa ekds incdzns trkfkcmk`ha `as fkstdharns. Zêa fa`s auvd`tns n
tne k mkfdcdhkhn hn ja`qudstkr a kpada has autras. Ks pnssaks hn fkdxk
nstkfdcdhkhn sêa
nstkfdcdhkhn  sêa euctd-iu`jda`kds. Ncks sn eavne rëpdha n d`djdke k kìêa.
K ja`iaredhkhn
ja`iaredhkhn tne
 tne k vnr ne jaea k pnssak sn rnckjda`k jae k nstruturk n
k arlk`dzkìêa. Rnssaks hn kctk ja`iaredhkhn sneprn pck`noke jae
k`tnjnhï`jdk. Ncks sêa jkutncasks ne suks kìþns n hnjdsþns n trkfkcmke fne
sazd`mks. Lastke hn arlk`dzkìêa n nstruturk, n trkfkcmke hn iarek ed`ujdask
n prnjdsk. Rnssak hn fkdxk ja`iaredhkhn tne uek vdsêa lcafkc n `êa sêa têa
jkutncasks ne suks kìþns. Xaeke ekds rdsjas qun uek pnssak hn kctk
ja`iaredhkhn. Ynne ks ërnks ne jd`zk n sêa ekds lnrkds n d`hnpn`hn`tns ne
snu rkjdajå`da.
 

K rnjndtk pkrk uek supnrnstrnck `êa ä kpn`ks passudr ue `åvnc kcta hn uek
jnrtk jkrkjtnråstdjk. Ä uek jaefd`kìêa hn d`tn`sdhkhns hdinrn`tns hn jkhk
jkrkjtnråstdjk. Rkrk n`tn`hnr jaea nssks jkrkjtnråstdjks iu`jda`ke ou`tks,
pn`sneas ne vn`hks. As iu`jda`ërdas ekds prahutdvas nxdfne uek iartn
d`icuï`jdk.
jae as autrasZêa pkrk
nepëtdjas n tne
n`ja`trkr uekuek `njnssdhkhn
qukcdhkhn psdjacúldjk
ne jkhk hn d`tnrkldr
pnssak. Nssk ä uek
jkrkjtnråstdjk ekrkvdcmask pkrk sn n`ja`trkr ne ue vn`hnhar. Ncns kfarhke a
jcdn`tn hn tahas as æ`lucas, tn`tk`ha n`ja`trkr ekds n ekds ek`ndrks hn
ktn`hnr n klrkhë-ca. Ncns tkefäe vnne a encmar ne jkhk pnssak, a qun as
kouhk k tar`krne-sn kedlas hn snus jcdn`tns.
Eks `êa sn n`lk`n? K d`icuï`jdk par sd sú `êa ä a suidjdn`tn. Ks pnssaks
qun nxnrjne uek iartn d`icuï`jdk n nepktdk sêa hneksdkhken`tn
jaeprnn`sdvks n `êa injmkrêa ks vn`hks. Eks, sn k pnrsa`kcdhkhn hn snu
jk`hdhkta ä jaefd`khk k uek iartn d`icuï`jdk n uek iartn haed`æ`jdk, vajï
n`ja`trau suk supnrnstrnck hn vn`hks. Ncns jktdvkrêa a ja`suedhar, eks k
iartn haed`æ`jdk as ikrë nspnrkr uek vn`hk n ncns d`sdstdrêa `k vn`hk, hnshn
qun snok pkrk a fne hkquncn ja`suedhar. Ne autrks pkckvrks, ks pnssaks hn
kctk haed`æ`jdk au eatdvkhks pnca nla pahne kjrnhdtkr hn iarek pkssda`kc
qun vajï hnvnrdk aftnr snu prahuta n sn`tdr-sn eatdvkhks n vn`hï-ca k vajï,
`êa departk a quk`ta vajï rnsdstk. Dssa pahnrdk sn tar`kr ne uek prnssêa
hnsklrkhëvnc, eks sn jaepcnen`tkha jae nepktdk, nssk pnssak kcjk`ìkrë k
pnrindìêa.
@k rnkcdhkhn, uek kctk haed`æ`jdk tkcvnz `êa snok k jkrkjtnråstdjk dhnkc
pkrk uek rnjnpjda`dstk au kssdstn`tn khed`dstrktdva supnrnstrnck, au qukcqunr
autrk pnssak qun prnjdsn snr ekds vactkha k trkfkcma ne nqudpn. Eks pkrk ue
rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks ä pnrindta. Zú uek pnssak jae uek hasn nxtrk hn ue
iartn nla n uek `njnssdhkhn psdjacúldjk hn ja`trackr tahks ks sdtukìþns
n`irn`tkrë ue jcdn`tn adta vnzns kpús tnr rnjnfdha ue `êa kpús a autra. Ks
pnssaks jae uek fkdxk kutanstdek n fkdxk haed`æ`jdk hnsdstdrêa hnpads hn
kpn`ks uek rnondìêa n ä pravëvnc qun `u`jk injmne uek vn`hk.
Jnrjk hn entkhn has vn`hnharns jae qune trkfkcmnd ka ca`la has k`as
hnsdstdu hnpads hn uek ÿ`djk rnondìêa. Ncns cdlkvke pkrk ue jcdn`tn, qun hdzdk
`êa n a vn`hnhar `u`jk cdlkvk hn vactk pkrk kqunck pnssak. Eudta paujas,
tkcvnz kpn`ks 8 k >% hncns, ja`td`ukvke tn`tk`ha hnpads hn quktra rnondìþns.
Eks, jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a jkpåtuca pksskha, hnsjafrd qun ä prnjdsa
rnjnfnr =,8 rnondìþns k`tns hn ja`snludr kln`hkr uek rnu`dêa. N a qun ikz k
 

hdinrn`ìk n`trn ks pnssaks qun hnsdstne ka hnpkrkr-sn jae nssk rnondìêa uek
vnz n kquncks n`irn`tke k sdtukìêa 82 vnzns n `u`jk hnsdstne ä hntnred`khk
purken`tn pnck iarìk ha snu nla.
@a n`tk`ta, jaea ä hdiåjdc n`ja`trkr pnssaks qun n`jkrne adta rnondìþns n
ja`td`une
vn`hnharns tn`tk`ha,
cdlune n nu ja`struå
tn`tne  prajnhden`tas 
 prajnhden`tas
`avken`tn,   qunHnnxdlne
sne pkrkr. qun ;6
ikta, jrdnd as
tn`tktdvks pkrk snrne rnkcdzkhks pnca vn`hnhar, n a trnd`nd jae k`tnjnhï`jdk
pkrk nspnrkr qun a jcdn`tn hdlk `êa pnca en`as adta vnzns. Dssa nstkfncnjn
uek nxpnjtktdvk `a vn`hnhar pkrk rnjnfnr rnondìþns n `êa cnvë-cks pkrk a ckha
pnssakc. Ncns sêa trnd`khas hnshn a prdendra hdk hn trkfkcma k ja`tktkr a
jcdn`tn ;6 vnzns, ensea hnpads hn rnjnfnr ue `êa tahks ks vnzns.
Zde, vajï pahn n`sd`kr k kclueks pnssaks k d`sdstdr ja`stk`tnen`tn, n
ikckrneas safrn dssa `a Jkpåtuca @avn. Eks ä útdea quk`ha vajï ja`trktk
kcluäe qun, sne suk sacdjdtkìêa au trnd`ken`ta, trkfkcmk hnssk iarek. Nssks
pnssaks snrêa ekds pnrsdstn`tns pkrk injmkr kqunck vn`hk. Xkefäe tnrêa uek
kefdìêa pnssakc qun ks eatdvkrë k ja`td`uken`tn encmarkr tuha qun ikzne.
Yajï `êa kharkrdk ja`trktkr nssks pnssaks qun d`avke, nxpk`hne n
encmarke jkhk tkrnik qun vajï cmns d`juefn1
Zn vajï `êa jaeprnn`hn a pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn qun jrdk vn`hnharns
kctken`tn prahutdvas, tkcvnz vajï kjkfn par rnondtë-cas kpús uek n`trnvdstk.
^e jk`hdhkta nxtrneken`tn haed`k`tn n d`icun`tn pahnrë pkrnjnr
hneksdkhken`tn k`sdasa ne uek n`trnvdstk hn trkfkcma ‚ tkcvnz ktä ue
pauja klrnssdva. @êa hndxn ue pauqud`ma hn prnsu`ìêa hnsd`tnrnssë-ca7 nssn
ä a d`lrnhdn`tn nssn`jdkc ne tahks ks supnrnstrncks. Hurk`tn uek n`trnvdstk, k
pnssak ä a prahuta, partk`ta ncns hnvne kprnsn`tkr-sn jae ja`idk`ìk n
ja`vn`jï-ca hn qun sêa k pnssak dhnkc pkrk k pasdìêa. Nssn jaepartken`ta
klrnssdva kssustkrë kclu`s n`trnvdstkharns, eks ä nxktken`tn a qun vajï
prnjdsk ne ue vn`hnhar.
^skr a sdstnek hn pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn a jkpkjdtkrë pkrk dhn`tdidjkr ks
supnrnstrncks ne suk ainrtk hn jk`hdhktas. Rnrids HDZJ n autrks –kvkcdkìþns
hn jaepartken`ta― sêa faks inrrken`tks pkrk kvkcdkr ue jk`hdhkta. Hkqud k
kclueks pëld`ks, hkrnd k vajï ue eätaha hn kvkcdkìêa hn pnrids qun vajï
`êa n`ja`trkrë ne `n`mue hnssns tnstns n, ne jd`ja ed`utas, hdrnd k vajï
jaea skfnr sn uek pnssak tne kctk d`icuï`jdk n haed`æ`jdk. Jaea hdssn, sau
afjnjkha ne tar`kr-en jkhk vnz ekds prnjdsa ne rnckìêa â ja`trktkìêa,
nspnjdkcen`tn quk`ha sn trktk hn vn`hnharns. Hnpads hn rnkcdzkr uek endk
 nspnjdkcen`tn quk`ha sn trktk hn vn`hnharns. Hnpads hn rnkcdzkr uek endk

hÿzdk hn pnrids hn –kvkcdkìþns hn jaepartken`ta― n nxked`kr autrk endk

hÿzdk, enu pnssakc n nu hnsjafrdeas qun sêa d`jrdvncen`tn prnjdsas ‚ tk`ta
qun `nlajdkeas ainrnjnr nssn enjk`dsea hn tnstn d`jcuåha ou`tken`tn jae
vërdas autras tnstns ne ed`mk pëld`k hn D`tnr`nt. Ne www.jmntmacens.jae
vajï vnrë ue fatêa
JAE VNZ^CXKHAZ kzuc qun
D@JVÅYNDZ. hdz? XNZXN ZN^ RNZZAKC N @AYAZ I^@JDA@ËVDAZ

 Nxnrjåjda
Cndk `avken`tn suk cdstk hn d`djdktdvks au tkrniks pkrk ks qukds k
ja`trktkìêa hn uek supnrnstrnck euhkrdk tuha. Nsjrnvk a pnridc hn
pnrsa`kcdhkhn qun vajï kjmk qun ikrdk kcluäe aftnr sujnssa ne
jkhk tkrnik. Zn vajï tdvnr hdidjuchkhns, pn`sn ne kcluäe qun vajï
ja`mnjn au kcluäe ikeasa qun rnkcdzkrdk a trkfkcma fne n cdstn ks
jkrkjtnråstdjks qun vajï kssajdk âqunck pnssak.
Klark nstkeas pra`tas pkrk hkr k vajï ks hdrntrdzns jaepcntks hn
jaea k`u`jdkr, n`trnvdstkr n ikznr k trdklne pkrk snpkrkr as en`as
iartns hks nstrncks.

Hdrntrdzns pkrk Ja`trktkr Zupnrnstrncks

Jrdn Znu K`ÿ`jda pkrk Ktrkdr Iu`jda`ërdas Kctken`tn Rrahutdvas

Enu k`ÿ`jda jaenìk kssde?

KRN@KZ Z^RNVNZXVNCKZ hn $>2 edc k $:22 edc K@^KDZ

Zú cdlun sn vajï iar ue praidssda`kc qun supnrn tahks ks

nxpnjtktdvks n passk pravkr dssa. Yn`mk ja`strudr ue depärda
hn`tra hn `assk rn`aekhk n pralrnssdvk neprnsk. @ús saeas k
d`hÿstrdk ]T_, eks `êa ja`trktkeas fksnkha ne jurråjucas.
Ja`trktkeas praidssda`kds kctken`tn prahutdvas. Zn vajï nstë
hn`tra hk eähdk, pahnrë rnjnfnr $>2 edc k`ukds ja`asja. Zn vajï ä 
uek supnrnstrnck, pahnrë lk`mkr ekds hn $:22 edc k`ukds.
 

 D`hnpn`hn`tn hk , sn vajï tne tkcn`ta, `ús skfnrneas. Ikìk a

ja`tkta pnca...

@atn qun nssn k`ÿ`jda `êa nxdln ue jurråjuca. @êa sacdjdtk par ue `ÿenra
eå`dea hn k`as hn nxpnrdï`jdk. @êa më en`ìêa hn mkfdcdhkhns hn
d`iareëtdjk, hdpcaeks au jnrtdidjkhas nxdldhas pkrk k pasdìêa. A k`ÿ`jda
hnskidk ks pnssaks k jk`hdhktkrne-sn kpn`ks sn iarne ks encmarns. [un tdpa
hn pnssak ä ktrkåhk par ue k`ÿ`jda jaea nssn1 ^ek pnssak jae uek iartn
kutanstdek.
[uk`ha nu nrk ue en`d`a hn quktarzn k`as hn dhkhn, rnjnfd uek ratk pkrk
k n`trnlk hn oar`kds ne haedjåcda qun ja`td`mk vd`tn n snds pnssaks n jafrdk
ue fkdrra. [uk`ha euhnd hn neprnla n hnvacvd k ratk pkrk a oar`kc, nck
jafrdk quktra fkdrras n ja`td`mk jn`ta n vd`tn n snds pnssaks. Rrnjdskrke
ja`trktkr trïs en`d`as pkrk hkr ja`tk hk ed`mk ratk. K ja`jcusêa ä qun nu
td`mk ks k`as
quktarzn qukcdhkhns hn Dssa
hn dhkhn. ue nxpcdjk
praidssda`kc
k irksnkctken`tn prahutdva
–D`hnpn`hn`tn oë hnshn
hk dhkhn, as
sn vajï
tne tkcn`ta, `ús skfnrneas―. Dssa jaeu`djk kas oavn`s qun pn`ske snr
nstrncks, eks kd`hk `êa a pravkrke, qun vajï rnja`mnjnrë snu vkcar. Eudtks
vnzns kouhnd neprnsks qun `êa pahdke pklkr par ue tkcn`ta nxpnrdn`tn k
prajurkr pnssaks oavn`s jae ks jkrkjtnråstdjks hn kctk prahutdvdhkhn eks qun
tkcvnz `êa tdvnssne hkha ja`tk hn a quêa vkcdasks nrke. Eks tkefäe
ja`trktnd pnssaks hn sntn`tk n tk`tas k`as qun kd`hk td`mke vdlar, eks qun k
ekdardk hks neprnsks hnsjkrtkvk hnvdha â suk dhkhn.

K Dhkhn n a Mdstúrdja @êa Zêa Vncnvk`tns

K ÿ`djk jadsk qun departk ä a pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn. Ja`trktnd oavn`s hn
vd`tn n quktra k`as hn dhkhn qun aftdvnrke encmarns rnsuctkhas qun vntnrk`as
jae ekds hn vd`tn k`as hn nxpnrdï`jdk. ^e hn enus ekds vkcdasas kjmkhas
vnda hn uek caok hn kpkrncmas hn sae. Hnpkrnd-en jae ue d`jråvnc
vn`hnhar, a qukc nu `u`jk mkvnrdk `ne `atkha jksa nu `êa saufnssn `khk
safrn pnrids hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn. Yd denhdktken`tn qun ncn td`mk a tkcn`ta hn
uek supnrnstrnck,
edcda`ërda. partk`ta äa nstkr
A departk`tn ja`trktnd n jacaqund-a
sneprn hn acma `a jked`ma
`nssks pkrk snr ue
supnrnstrncks ne
 

qukcqunr culkr qun vajï vë. Zn vajï nstë fusjk`ha par ncks, drë n`ja`trë-cks
`as culkrns ekds d`usdtkhas n tkcvnz `ne ncks skdfke qun tne a tkcn`ta pkrk k
lrk`hdasdhkhn. Autra vkcdasa kjmkha iad uek vn`hnhark qun tn`tau en
vn`hnr ue suätnr ne uek caok hn vnstuërda. Vaufnd-k hdrntken`tn hn cë n nck
kjkfau par lnrn`jdkr
rnjn`tnen`tn n`ja`trndtrïs
uehdvdsþns
sn`mar hnhnsntn`tk
uek hks neprnsks
n trïs k`as hnqun nuqun
dhkhn hdrdldk.
td`mkNu
ks
encmarns mkfdcdhkhns qun oë vd pkrk ja`tktkr kctas nxnjutdvas `a tncnia`n. Ncn
mkvdk trkfkcmkha jaea ue hdrntar hn prahuìêa pkrk idcens jd`nektalrëidjas.
Rartk`ta, dl`arn k dhkhn n a mdstúrdja. K ÿ`djk jadsk jae k qukc vajï prnjdsk
sn prnajupkr sêa jae ks qukcdhkhns hn supnrnstrnck, n k k`ëcdsn hn pnridc
pahnrë kouhë-ca k dhn`tdidjë-cks.

K Rrä-Xrdklne ‚ A Eätaha [un Yajï @êa N`ja`trkrë ne

@n`mue Ek`ukc hn Vnjursas Muek`as
Kqud nstë jaea dhn`tdidjkr hnindtas ne vn`hnharns k`tns ensea hn
n`trnvdstë-cas. K prdendrk jadsk k sn ikznr jae qukcqunr ue qun sn jk`hdhktk
pkrk uek pasdìêa ne suk neprnsk ä rnondtë-ca, hdzn`ha qun vajï `êa kjmk qun
ja`snludrêa hkr ja`tk ha trkfkcma. @êa ä qun vajï `êa qundrk ja`trktkr k
pnssak. Yajï kpn`ks nstkrë tn`tk`ha dhn`tdidjkr ue pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn
nspnjåidja qun sn tar`k ekds nidjkz ne ikjn hk khvnrsdhkhn. Nssk ä k cdìêa
ekds departk`tn qun passa ainrnjnr pkrk k ja`trktkìêa hn pnssaks. Zn vajï
rnondtk as jk`hdhktas
ja`snludrë n ncns eaen`ta,
vnr fne `kquncn rkpdhken`tn eurjmke
k`tns 
k`tns n vêa nefark,
  hn ja`trktë-cas, ha qunvajï
sêa
indtas. ^ek supnrnstrnck jaenìkrë k qunstda`kr snu rkjdajå`da ‚ n tkcvnz ktä
hdsjarhn hn vajï. Ä ue pahnrasa nxnrjåjda `k hntnred`kìêa hk iarìk hks
pnssaks.
[uk`ha n`trnvdstkeas vn`hnharns, `ús cdlkeas au n`vdkeas ue n-ekdc
pkrk jkhk pnssak qun rnpa`hn ka `assa k`ÿ`jda. Kqud nstë a ratndra?
–Afrdlkha par `as ja`tktkr. @ús nstkeas rnkcdzk`ha uek cdlkìêa hn prä-
sncnìêa pkrk tahas as jk`hdhktas. K prä-sncnìêa snrë rnkcdzkhk ne ue marërda
nstkfncnjdha (par nxnepca, qud`tk-indrk hks ;<m âs ;=m) n hurk`tn nssk mark
ja`vnrskrneas jae ks pnssaks pkrk sncnjda`kr âquncks qun jaepkrnjnrêa â
n`trnvdstk. Yajï lastkrdk hn snr kln`hkha `a d`åjda, `a enda au `a id`kc hnssk
 

mark1 Cdlkrneas pkrk vajï hn`tra hn ;2 ed`utas ha marërda sncnjda`kha―.

Kclueks hnssks cdlkìþns hn prä-sncnìêa cnvke hads ed`utas, kclueks ue
pauja ekds n kclueks hurke kpn`ks kclu`s snlu`has.
[uk`ha vajï idznr k cdlkìêa hn prä-sncnìêa, ikìk-a hk snlud`tn ek`ndrk?

YAJÏ?  Eudta fne. Yajï cnu `assa k`ÿ`jda qun hdzdk? –Zú cdlun k
en`as qun vajï pn`sn qun snok a encmar―. N`têa, ja`tn-en parqun
kjmk qun `ús hnvnråkeas n`trnvdstë-ca.
NCNZ? Fne... ä... Yajï pahnrdk en hdznr ue pauja safrn a trkfkcma1
YAJÏ? Dssa snrdk uek ja`vnrsk eudta ekds ca`lk. Xnrnd prkznr ne tnr
nssk ja`vnrsk jae vajï sn hntnred`kreas qun vajï ä kcluäe qun
nstkeas d`tnrnsskhas ne n`trnvdstkr. N`têa, ja`tn-en, par qun
hnvnråkeas n`trnvdstë-ca1

(@atn qun nstkeas tnstk`ha snu nla hurk`tn as prdendras snssn`tk snlu`has
hk ja`vnrsk.)

NCNZ? Fae... ä... hndxn-en vnr. Xrkfkcmnd ne vn`hks hurk`tn hads k`as.

Lasta eudta hdssa n lasta hn d`tnrkldr jae ks pnssaks. Zd`ta qun
jksa sn trktn hn ue prahuta au snrvdìa, ja`sdla vn`hï-ca.
YAJÏ? Kd`hk `êa nstau ja`vn`jdha.
NCNZ? A qun vajï qunr hdznr1
YAJÏ? Kd`hk `êa nstau ja`vn`jdha hn qun vajï snok uek supnrnstrnck.
Rar n`quk`ta sú nstau ja`vn`jdha hn qun snok kpn`ks ue fae
praidssda`kc.
NCNZ? Yajï `êa nstë1
YAJÏ? @êa.

(Nssk rnondìêa ä d`tn`jda`kc. Dssa `êa klrkhk k ekdardk has nxnjutdvas hn

rnjursas muek`as, eks iu`jda`k eudta fne pkrk hntnred`kr, `kquncn ensea
d`stk`tn, jae qun tdpa hn pnssak vajï nstë cdhk`ha.)

NCNZ? Km... n`tn`ha. Ä... vajï hnvn skfnr ha qun nstë ikck`ha.

YAJÏ? Zde, nu snd.
NCNZ? Fne... tuha fne. Eudta afrdlkha. Ktä cala.
 K ekdardk hks pnssaks, nspnjdkcen`tn nxnjutdvas hn VM fne trnd`khas,

n`trnvdstkrë k tahas ne ue kefdn`tn jkrd`masa n kintuasa. @nssn tdpa hn

kefdn`tn, ä iëjdc pkrk ks pnssaks kprnsn`tkrne-sn fne. [uk`ha vajï jacajk
ks pnssaks jaea a jk`hdhkta n`trnvdstkha hk prä-sncnìêa kjdek ne uek
pasdìêa a`hn nstêa ja`td`uken`tn sn`ha rnondtkhas, ncns rkpdhken`tn
hnsdstne.
rkpdhken`tnKahntnred`kr
uskr nssk qune
täj`djk `as âprdendras
nstkrë hads ed`utas,
kcturk hn ikznr uek fak vajï pahnrë
pnriarek`jn
ka n`jkrkr uek khvnrsdhkhn n qune hnseara`krë.
Kssde ä jaea k ja`vnrsk hnvnrdk snr?

YAJÏ?  Eudta fne. Yajï cnu `assa k`ÿ`jda qun hdzdk? –Zú cdlun sn
vajï kjmk qun ä a encmar―. N`têa, ja`tn-en par qun kjmk qun `ús
hnvnråkeas n`trnvdstë-ca1
NCNZ? Fne... ä... Yajï pahnrdk en hdznr ue pauja safrn a trkfkcma1
YAJÏ? Dssa snrdk uek ja`vnrsk eudta ekds ca`lk. Xnrnd prkznr ne tnr
nssk ja`vnrsk
n`trnvdstkr. sn hntnred`kreas
N`têa, qunhnvnråkeas
ja`tn-en, par qun vajï ä kcluäe qun nstkeas
n`trnvdstë-ca1
NCNZ?  Fne, hndxn-en vnr... Ne enu ÿctdea neprnla, nu nrk a `ava
iu`jda`ërda n `u`jk mkvdk vn`hdha kjnssúrdas tnj`acúldjas k`tns n,
ne trïs ensns, nu nstkvk injmk`ha ekds vn`hks qun ncns okekds
mkvdke ktd`ldha. Ne snds ensns, nu nstkvk aftn`ha encmarns
rnsuctkhas qun pnssaks qun trkfkcmkvke cë më jd`ja k`as.
YAJÏ? Dssa tuha pkrnjn eudta fae, eks vajï kd`hk `êa en sak jaea
uek supnrnstrnck.
NCNZ? Fne, tkcvnz vajï snok surha.

Dssa sak n`lrkìkha, eks nu rnkcen`tn rnjnfd nssk rnspastk hn ue jk`hdhkta n

a ja`trktnd. As nlas hks supnrnstrncks `êa hndxkrêa qun vajï cmns hdlk qun
`êa hêa ja`tk ha trkfkcma. As jk`hdhktas dhnkds a tn`tkrêa qukcdidjkr kssde
jaea ikrdke jae ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Ncns snrêa hdsjrntas n jaenìkrêa par
ikznr pnrlu`tks? –[un tdpa hn pnssak vajï nstë prajurk`ha1 [un tdpa hn
trkfkcma ä nssn1― Au tkcvnz ncns hdlke? –Fne, a qun vajï hdz hdsta1― Au
tkcvnz ncns tn`tne vn`hnr suk deklne k vajï. Ncns ja`td`ukrêa tn`tk`ha. Dssa
ä a ekds departk`tn. Znus nlas n`trke ne jn`k.
Zn vajï nstë vn`hn`ha ue prahuta au snrvdìa qun ä uek vn`hk `êa
rnpntdtdvk n dssa ä k ÿ`djk jadsk qun suk nqudpn ikz n ue iaccaw-up au
rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk `êa sêa `njnssërdas, ks pnssaks qun tne ue nla iartn
 

eks `êa d`tnrklne au sn rnckjda`ke `kturkcen`tn jae ks autrks pahne snr a

dhnkc. Nssks pnssaks `êa sêa faks pkrk trkfkcmas ne nqudpn, eks vajï `êa
pahn qunrnr tuha. Ncks drêa prahuzdr. N`têa vajï prnjdsk hnjdhdr a qun ä ekds
departk`tn ‚ au útdeas d`tnlrk`tns hn nqudpn au eudtks vn`hks. Eks rnpdta,
nssn tdpan hn
jcdn`tns jk`hdhkta
ikznr jae qun`êa ä dhnkc pkrk
ja`td`une vn`hks a`hn vajï prnjdsn jktdvkr as
jaeprk`ha.

Xrïs Rkssas pkrk N`trnvdstkr Zupnrnstrncks

Klark qun vajï hded`udu k ainrtk hn jk`hdhktas, nstkrë pra`ta pkrk
n`trnvdstkr as encmarns jk`hdhktas. Kqud nstë uek n`trnvdstk nstruturkhk ne
trïs pkssas jrdkhk pkrk hnseksjkrkr ks supnrnstrncks? rnckxkr, nxked`kr, n

ktkjkr.

Vnckxn
^ek vnz qun as jk`hdhktas a ja`vn`ìke qun enrnjne uek n`trnvdstk,
jaenjn par hkr k ncns tahks ks apartu`dhkhns pkrk eastrkr a qun tne hn
encmar. Kouhn-as k rnckxkr. Yajï hnvnrë snr kedlëvnc n snr ue fae auvd`tn.
Dssa as ja`iu`hdrë kpús vajï as mkvnr trktkha têa ruhnen`tn `k prä-sncnìêa.
Ncns jmnlkrêa pra`tas pkrk ktkjkr, eks vajï as rnjnfnrë sdepktdjken`tn
hnshn a d`åjda. Autrk täj`djk qun usa ä pnhdr-cmns qun k`atne jd`ja pnrlu`tks
qun qundrke rnspa`hnr `k n`trnvdstk qun eastrkrêa a qun tne hn encmar.
Nxked`kr
A prapúsdta hnssk pkrtn hk n`trnvdstk ä ja`mnjnr encmar k pnssak. K`tns hn
jaenìkr, vajï hnvnrë hdznr kas jk`hdhktas qun ncns `êa prnjdske rnspa`hnr
qukcqunr pnrlu`tk qun `êa sn sd`tke â va`tkhn. Nxpcdqun k ncns qun suk
neprnsk ja`trktk fksnkha ne pnrids hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn ne vnz hn mdstúrdjas
praidssda`kds n pnrlu`tn k ncns hdrntken`tn? –Yajï ja`jarhk qun nssk prëtdjk
ä ekds pnrtd`n`tn1― Ka rnspa`hnrne qun sde, vajï hdz qun lastkrdk hn
hnsjafrdr a qun as eachau, par dssa jaenìkrë jae suk d`iæ`jdk.
Kcäe hdssa, nssk pkrtn hk n`trnvdstk tnstk a `åvnc hn nepktdk ha jk`hdhkta.
 Zn ncns sn tar`ke råldhas hurk`tn nssk pkrtn, vajï skfnrë qun `êa jrdke

rnckjda`ken`tas `kturkcen`tn. Hdlk k ncns qun vajï ikrë pnrlu`tks safrn suk
eên n snu pkd n tkefäe safrn jaea ncns jrnsjnrke. Zn sn tar`krne
hnsja`iartëvnds, vajï skfnrë qun `êa sêa supnrnstrncks. Zupnrnstrncks lastke
hn kfrdr-sn pkrk as autras. Eks nssn ä a ÿ`dja kspnjta qun vajï nxked`krë
`nstk n`trnvdstk.
Kvdsa departk`tn? Yajï prnjdsk rnjnfnr k pnredssêa hncns pkrk ikznr
pnrlu`tks safrn suk d`iæ`jdk n prnjdsk nxpcdjkr qun nssks pnrlu`tks sêa
rnckjda`khks ka trkfkcma. A jk`hdhkta hnvn n`tn`hnr n ja`jarhkr qun ue
pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn ä ekds departk`tn qun ue mdstúrdja praidssda`kc. Ha
ja`trërda, k n`trnvdstk pahnrë entï-ca ne prafcneks. Cnlkcen`tn, vajï `êa
pahn pnrlu`tkr qukdsqunr pnrlu`tks qun `êa snoke rncnvk`tns ka trkfkcma
(tkds jaea? –Yajï ä jkskha1― au –Yajï tne idcmas1―) parqun pahne snrvdr hn
fksn pkrk uek hdsjrded`kìêa. Ä suk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn ouclkr sn suks pnrlu`tks
passke (ensea qun `êa d`tn`jda`kcen`tn) hnsjkrtkr qukcqunr lrupa fksnkha
ne rkìk, snxa au hnskfdcdhkhn iåsdjk. Rar nxnepca, sn vajï pnrlu`tk sn ncns
tïe pck`as au `êa hn tnr idcmas, ue jk`hdhkta pahnrë kjmkr qun k rnspastk
d`icun`jdkrë suk hnjdsêa ne ja`trktë-cas n qun nssk pnrlu`tk ä
hdsjrded`ktúrdk. Eks, sn vajï nstkfncnjnr qun a pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn ä a
qun vajï fusjk n aftnr suk pnredssêa pkrk nxked`kr –a qun a eachau―, n`têa
vajï pravkvncen`tn `êa tnrë prafcneks ne pnrlu`tkr safrn suk d`iæ`jdk.
Ks pnrlu`tks qun suldra kqud `êa iarke jrdkhks pkrk hdsjrded`kr `d`luäe,
eks sde pkrk hnseksjkrkr ks supnrnstrncks hn`trn as autras jk`hdhktas. @a
n`tk`ta, ks pnrlu`tks qun vajï idznr sêa hn suk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn, partk`ta par
ikvar jnrtdidqun-sn jae snu khvalkha, hnpkrtken`ta hn VM, au a Nqukc
Nepcayen`t Appartu`dty Jaeedssda` (Jaedssêa hn Apartu`dhkhns Dlukds
hn Xrkfkcma, hdspa`åvnc `k pëld`k hn D`tnr`nt www.nnaj.lav)
www.nnaj.lav) safrn nssn
kssu`ta. Nssn cdvra `êa ä khnqukha pkrk iar`njnr ja`sncmas cnlkds.
Nxked`kr k d`iæ`jdk ha jk`hdhkta ä jrujdkc parqun k kutaja`idk`ìk ä
irnqun`tnen`tn eachkhk eudta jnha `k vdhk, par dssa vajï qunr hnsjafrdr sn
a mdstúrdja ha jk`hdhkta ja`trdfudu pkrk ja`strudr suk kutanstdek. ^e pkd au
eên qun n`jarkok n rnkcen`tn kjrnhdtk `a snu idcma kouhkrë k hnsn`vacvnr uek
kutanstdek iartn `nssk jrdk`ìk fne jnha ne suk vdhk. Ed`mk eên en
n`jarkokvk hn iarek têa jnlk qun sn nu cmn hdssnssn? –[unra snr ue ksskctk`tn
hn fk`jas―, nck tnrdk hdta? –Km enu idcma, vajï snrdk ue N]JNCN@XN
ksskctk`tn hn fk`jas―. Rkds n eêns qun sêa supnrpratntarns au sêa a qun
 jmkea hn hneksdkhken`tn rëpdhas ne jkutnckr as idcmas jrdkrêa ue idcma

qun `êa snrë nidjkz ne sdtukìþns hnskidkharks.

A tnrea hneksdkhken`tn rëpdhas ne jkutnckr 
jkutnckr  sdl`didjk qun quk`ha ks
jrdk`ìks qunrne tn`tkr kcla `ava ‚ sufdr ne uek ërvarn, puckr ha trkepacde,
snr kvn`turask ‚ as pkds ks snlurke, ne vnz hn n`jarkoë-cks n nstkr ka snu
ckha
jkuskjksa ncks jkdke.
jncnstdkc. Enus
Ä kssde qunpkds
jrdnden pnredtdrdke
enus idcmas, n ekrjmkr
ncns sêa ka d`inr`a
tk`ta iartnspar uek
quk`ta
jarkoasas ne rnckìêa ka qun qunrne n jaea aftï-ca. Zn vajï n`ja`trkr uek
pnssak qun `êa tnvn a qun jmkea hn pkds n eêns jnlken`tn n`jarkokharns,
n`têa nck pravkvncen`tn snrë uek pnssak qun `êa tne k kutanstdek iartn a
suidjdn`tn pkrk klun`tkr k rnondìêa qun kjaepk`mk uek pasdìêa hn vn`hks.
Kclueks pnssaks hnsn`vacvne uek fak kutanstdek kpnskr hn `êa tnr tdha
pkds n eêns n`jarkokharns, eks ne ed`mk nxpnrdï`jdk, nssk ä uek nxjnìêa7
`êa k rnlrk.
Rkrk hntnred`kr a mdstúrdja hn snu jk`hdhkta, ikìk ks snlud`tns pnrlu`tks?

[un nvn`tas au d`icuï`jdks hk suk d`iæ`jdk a eachkrke `a qun ä

maon1
[ukds iarke kclu`s has ekdarns hnskidas hn suk vdhk1 Ncns `êa
prnjdske snr rnckjda`khas ka trkfkcma.
[ukc iad k vn`hk ekds hdiåjdc qun vajï oë injmau1 (Jnrtdidqun-sn hn
pnrlu`tkr safrn tahas as hntkcmns n a pkssa k pkssa hnssk
nxpnrdï`jdk.)

Klark a d`tudta snrë fusjkr ërnks hn rnkcdzkìþns pkrk en`surkr a quk`ta hn

uek nstrnck a snu jk`hdhkta rnkcen`tn ä. ^sn nssks sacdjdtkìþns n pnrlu`tks?
Ja`tn-en safrn ue eaen`ta ne suk vdhk quk`ha tuha nstkvk
ja`trk snu ikvar eks vajï supnrau n kcjk`ìau a sujnssa.
Ja`tn-en safrn trïs au quktra jadsks qun a hndxke eudta
arlucmasa.
Yajï kcluek vnz oë kcjk`ìau ue `åvnc kvk`ìkha ne kcluek ërnk
kcäe hn kpn`ks ja`tn`tkr-sn ne pnrek`njnr `k za`k hn ja`iarta hk
vdhk1

Ërnks a`hn
a mëfdta ue `åvnc
hk nsjrdtk au kvk`ìkha pahn iu`jda`ërdas
k krtn. Eudtas snr kcjk`ìkhaprahutdvas
d`jcune eÿsdjk, nspartns,
ktd`ldrke `åvnds
 

kvk`ìkhas ne autrks ërnks. Nspartns sêa ërnks eudta jaeu`s.

^ek vnz tdvn ue vn`hnhar qun nrk ue enstrn ne kstracaldk. Ä `njnssërda
eudtk hdsjdpcd`k pkrk hnsn`vacvnr qukcqunr ërnk hn mkfdcdhkhn. Nssk pnssak
ne pkrtdjuckr td`mk pralrkeks hn saitwkrn qun a kouhkvke k ea`tkr uek
tkfnck n nrkinrrken`tk
uek útdek kssustkhar pkrk
jaeak ncn kjnrtkvkNssn
d`tnrkìêa. ne jkrk
jmndatd`mk
ka ikckr
tuha.safrn kcluäe
N, kcäe hdssa,‚ 
ncn vn`hdk eudta.
Rkrk tnstkr k nepktdk n k mkfdcdhkhn hn d`tnrkìêa, pnrlu`tn a snlud`tn?

Jaea snu encmar kedla a hnsjrnvnrdk1

Hn tahks ks pnssaks qun ja`mnjn, qune kjrnhdtk ekds ne vajï1 Rar
quï1
[ukds sêa suks encmarns rnjarhkìþns1

Rnssaks
pnrlu`tksjaejaea
mkfdcdhkhns
nssks. hnNcks
nepktdk irkjks hkrêa`êa
sdepcnsen`tn rnspastks
sêa hn uek irksn
eudta faks pkrk
ne
–jaepkrtdcmkr―, n dssa snrë úfvda. As qun jktdvke ikjdcen`tn ikckrêa pncas
jatavncas. Ncns prnjdske hn kpravkìêa jaea pkrtn hn snu pnridc, n a
ja`qudstkrêa jae mdstúrdks safrn snu pksskha.
Rnssaks jae ue nla iartn `êa tnrêa prafcneks ne ja`tkr-cmn a quêa faks
sêa ne kcla. Ka ja`trërda hks rnlrks ja`vn`jda`kds hn ntdquntk, `k rnkcdhkhn
dssa ä kcla pasdtdva ne ue iu`jda`ërda prahutdva n snrë sëfda hkr k ncns uek
apartu`dhkhn. Rnìk qun as jk`hdhktas hnne k sd ensea uek `atk hn ; k ;2
`nssks ërnks?

Kefdìêa
Kutaja`idk`ìk
Mkfdcdhkhn hn n`jkrkr rnondìêa
Nstkfncnjnr rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk
Mkfdcdhkhns qukcdidjkharks
 Mkfdcdhkhn hn jrdkr hnsnoa ne snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
Mkfdcdhkhns pkrk nintukr vn`hks
Khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa
Mkfdcdhkhns hn kprnsn`tkìêa
Vkjdajå`da nstrktäldja
Ja`mnjden`ta ha enrjkha
 

Kutakpnrindìaken`ta
Ja`tar`kr enhdkharns

Ks supnrnstrncks hkrêa k sd enseas `atks eudta kctks ne tahks ks ërnks. Eks

kssde tkefäe
pnssaks a ikrêa
tïe a qun jmkea as hnsa`mkharns, partk`ta
jarklne ikcsk. Dssa tn`mk
ä ue judhkha. Kclueks
hdsikrjn pkrk uek
praiu`hk d`snlurk`ìk qun nvn`tukcen`tn as ikrë sujuefdr irn`tn â
khvnrsdhkhn. Rar dssa, aftnr nxnepcas qun oustdidqune ks `atks kctks ä uek
ek`ndrk hn kpraiu`hkr-sn n hnsjafrdr qune rnkcen`tn sêa. Ja`trktnd ue
rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks qun iad têa kssnrtdva qun pn`snd? –Nssn jkrk au ä
eudta fae au ä sdepcnsen`tn eudta prnsu`ìasa―.
Ne snu prdendra hdk `a trkfkcma, tahk kqunck kssnrtdvdhkhn iu`jda`au fne
pkrk ncn. Ncn rnkcdzau trïs vn`hks. Ncn nstkvk `ks `uvn`s. @a snlu`ha hdk, ncn
sú rnjnfnu `êa. @a tnrjndra hdk, pnrjnfd qun nstkvk nsjrnvn`ha vërdks jkrtks.
Iad a eaen`ta
sdepcnsen`tn jnrta pkrk
ja`td`uau quna tncnia`n
k nvdtkr nu a prnssda`kssn
hnpads hnstnjae tuha, eks
hdk. Ed`mk ncn
idcasaidk
jae vn`hnharns ä ek`tï-cas saf prnssêa ja`stk`tn. ^ek hn huks jadsks
kja`tnjnrë? au ncns hnskfkrêa saf tahk kqunck prnssêa au vdlarasken`tn
n`irn`tkrêa k sdtukìêa.
Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun rnkcdzau taha a prajnssa hn ja`trktkìêa `ks n`trnvdstks
hn lrupa. As d`tnlrk`tns hk –nqudpn― td`mke qun ja`jarhkr u`k`denen`tn
k`tns hn ja`trktkr kcluäe. A rnsuctkha1 Ncns ja`trktkrke vërdks pnssaks
sdepëtdjks, eks qun `êa ja`snludke vn`hnr. Eks uek supnrnstrnck `nssn
kefdn`tn enxnu jae tahas ka jaenìkr k trkfkcmkr cë. Ncn nstkvk supnrk`ha
ktä as vntnrk`as ne kpn`ks kclu`s ensns. Kqunck supnrnstrnck rnjnfnu nssk
ainrtk hn trkfkcma parqun nu prktdjken`tn iarjnd a hdrntar hkqunck neprnsk k
ja`trktë-ca. Nu a ja`vn`jd hn qun ncn prnjdskvk kpden`tkr ue pauja ks
jadsks. Ncn snludu enus ja`sncmas n hnpads qun jaenìau k vn`hnr khadhkha,
vërdas has iu`jda`ërdas ekds irkjas pnhdrke hnedssêa.
Ed`mk idcasaidk ä qun a kefdn`tn hn vn`hks hnvn snr nstruturkha hn tkc
iarek qun kpn`ks as iartns safrnvdvke n jrnsìke n as irkjas vêa ikznr autrk
jadsk. Nssk ä uek jarrdhk n vajï prnjdsk hn jkepnþns. Jacaqun ks pnssaks
qun `êa sêa supnrnstrncks `a ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar.
K snludr, vajï prnjdskrë hnsjafrdr jaea as jk`hdhktas sn en`surke ne
jaepkrkìêa kas encmarns has encmarns. Rnrlu`tn k ncns qune ä a encmar
 vn`hnhar qun ncns oë ja`mnjnrke. Zn kclue jk`hdhkta hdssnr qun ncn ensea ä

a encmar, ja`trktn-a. Rravkvncen`tn, suk d`tudìêa cmn hdrë a apasta. Zn ncns

hnrke a `aen hn autrk pnssak, pnrlu`tn k ncns qukds sêa ks hdinrn`ìks n`trn
ncns n nssk pnssak. Nssk ä autrk ek`ndrk hn iarìkr as jk`hdhktas k kutakvkcdkr-
sn n hn ouclë-cas ka ikznrne dssa.
Asautrk
dssa encmarns
ërnk has
pkrkencmarns sneprn prajurke
snr nxpcarkhk tar`kr-sn
ä k hnhdjkìêa ha kd`hk encmarns,
jk`hdhkta par
ka kuta-
kpnrindìaken`ta. Rnrlu`tn k ncns qukc iad a ÿctdea cdvra hn kutakouhk qun
cnrke, au a ÿctdea JH qun auvdrke au a HYH qun kssdstdrke. [uk`ha nu nrk
ue rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks, nstuhkvk tahas as ektnrdkds hn kutakouhk
passåvnds. Nu td`mk as JHs hn tahas as trnd`kharns hn vn`hks n as auvdk ne
enu jkrra n cdk snus cdvras. Nu ja`stk`tnen`tn prajurkvk lurus hn kutakouhk.
Kclu`s has snus cdvras n jkssntns ‚ [une Rn`sk N`rdqunjn hn
N`rdqunjn hn @kpacna` Mdcc,
ne nspnjdkc ‚ euhkrke ed`mk vdhk. Nu cd nssn cdvra snds vnzns hn jkpk k jkpk.
Nssn eätaha hn nxked`kr k vdhk pnssakc n ks nxpnrdï`jdks hk d`iæ`jdk has
jk`hdhktas ä eudta rnvnckhar. Yajï aftnrë ue sn`sa ekds vnrhkhndra hn
jaea ks pnssaks pn`ske n sn`tne.
Klark qun ncns n`ja`trke-sn ekds ma`nstas n en`as hnin`sdvas, cndk snu
jurråjuca jae ncns. Ikìk ks snlud`tns pnrlu`tks?

Rar qun vajï hndxau as snus ÿctdeas trïs trkfkcmas1

Yajï `êa nstkvk sktdsindta1 Rar quï1
Ja`tn-en safrn uek hnjnpìêa au hnskjarha qun vajï tnvn jae
kclue jmnin n a qun kja`tnjnu.
Hdlk hads pa`tas irkjas hn k`tdlas jmnins.
Hdlk huks ajksdþns `ks qukds kclue supnrvdsar a jrdtdjau.
A afontdva kqud ä hntnred`kr jaea ncns pn`ske n sn tne ue fae sn`sa
jråtdja. Vnjn`tnen`tn, nu nstkvk n`trnvdstk`ha ue jk`hdhkta n ncn hnu nssk
rnspastk? –Jnrtk vnz tdvn qun ikznr jae qun ue jmnin iassn hnedtdha parqun
ncn nstkvk krrud`k`ha taha a `nlújda―. Hnpads hnssk n`trnvdstk, a lnrn`tn hn
vn`hks en hdssn qun ncn `êa qunrdk ja`trktkr kquncn jk`hdhkta parqun rnjnkvk
qun a ensea kja`tnjnssn jae ncn. A qun vajï ikrdk1
Rnrlu`tnd k ncn safrn as hntkcmns hk mdstúrdk n hnva khedtdr qun kjrnhdta
qun a jk`hdhkta inz k jadsk jnrtk. Znu jmnin nrk ue dhdatk n prnjdskvk snr
hnedtdha. Xahas `ús oë tdvneas jmnins. Eks ne vnz hn kpn`ks rnjckekr, nssn
 rkpkz cutau pnca fne hk neprnsk. Ensea kssde, nssk snrdk uek ja`trktkìêa

hdiåjdc pkrk sn ikznr sn`ha a n`trnvdstkhar, oë qun nssn tdpa hn jk`hdhkta

pahnrdk tkefäe d`hdjkr qun ncn tn`mk tn`hï`jdk k sn entnr ne ja`iusþns.
Xn`mk sneprn ne en`tn qun sn vajï rnkldr hn iarek `nlktdvk k qukcqunr
jadsk qun a jk`hdhkta hdlk, ncns drêa injmkr-sn au khkptkr a qun hdzne ka qun
kjmke quntn`hnrë
jk`hdhkta vajï qunr auvdr. Rar
k kfrdr-sn autra
ekds ckha, snekds
ikzn`ha vajïjaen`tërdas.
rnkln hn iarek
Rarpasdtdvk,
dssa, koka
jaea ue cdvra kfnrta `nstk iksn hk n`trnvdstk.
Ä iëjdc jaentnr nrras ka ja`trktkr7 qun n`ja`trkrë k kfarhklne hn
–nxked`kr― rnhuzdhk ka `ÿenra hn ja`trktkìþns ekcsujnhdhks. Nu jaenìa
jae k d`iæ`jdk n hndxa a mdstúrdja praidssda`kc par ÿctdea. Yajï aftnrë
rnspastks ekds vnrhkhndrks hnssk iarek. Hnpads hn mkvnr hnea`strkha
nepktdk jae suk d`iæ`jdk, ncns pravkvncen`tn ikckrêa safrn a rnstk`tn hn
ek`ndrk ekds sd`jnrk tkefäe.

Ktkjkr
Klark vajï jmnlau ka id`kc hk n`trnvdstk. Yajï nxked`au praiu`hken`tn.
Yajï pahn ktä d`tudr qun kjmau ue praidssda`kc kctken`tn prahutdva, eks
irnqun`tnen`tn sn surprnn`hnrë jae a qun kja`tnjn quk`ha vajï –ktkjk―.
Xn`tn hdznr kcla ha tdpa? –Yajï pkrnjnr snr uek útdek pnssak, eks nu kpn`ks
tn`ma uek pasdìêa hdspa`åvnc. Rrnjdsa hn uek supnrnstrnck hn vnrhkhn. Nstau
jnrta hn qun vajï ikrdk ue fae trkfkcma ne vërdas praontas, eks nssk
d`hÿstrdk ä eudta jaepntdtdvk
snrêa a suidjdn`tnen`tn iartns npkrk
huvdha
nssk qun suks Rkrk
pasdìêa. mkfdcdhkhns n pnrsa`kcdhkhn
ikckr k vnrhkhn, nu `êa
tn`ma k deprnssêa hn qun vajï snok uek supnrnstrnck―.
Xn`mk tkta, eks snok idren. Yajï idjkrë faqudkfnrta ka vnr quk`tks pnssaks
eurjmke. Yajï pn`sau qun td`mk a jk`hdhkta pnrindta. Eks quk`ha hdz k ncns
qun `êa kjmk qun tne a tkcn`ta `njnssërda, hn rnpn`tn ja`jarhke jae vajï n
a klrkhnjne par snu tnepa. Hndxn nssk pnssak dr nefark. Ks supnrnstrncks
`u`jk eurjmke. Ncks tïe uek iä trnen`hk ne sd enseks n `khk ks
ja`vn`jnrë qun `êa ja`snlune ikznr qukcqunr
qukcqunr trkfkcma.
 trkfkcma. [uk`ha vajï hdz k
ncks qun `êa kjmk qun tne tkcn`ta, nstnok prnpkrkha pkrk qun hdsjarhne n
passke ktä pn`skr? –Hk`n-sn, snu dhdatk―. N`têa kclueks vnzns vajï prnjdskrë
hkr ue taqun pkrk qun ncks tn`mke k apartu`dhkhn hn rntrujkr. Zdepcnsen`tn
 

hdlk? –A qun vajï kjmk safrn a qun kjkfnd hn hdznr1―

Xn`mk judhkha ka uskr uek rnondìêa iartn ne vnz hn ue ktkqun irkja ha
tdpa? –Yajï kd`hk `êa en ja`vn`jnu―. Nssn ä ue ja`vdtn iëjdc pkrk qun a
jk`hdhkta ja`td`un vn`hn`ha suk deklne. [uk`ha vajï usk a ktkqun, hnvn
mkvnr
tkcn`ta.ue eaen`ta a`hn ncns rnkcen`tn kjrnhdtke qun vajï kjmk qun `êa tïe

Vnjaepn`skr Zuk Zupnrnstrnck

A ÿctdea kspnjta hn ja`trktkr iu`jda`ërdas kctken`tn prahutdvas ä jrdkr ue
rnckjda`ken`ta fksnkha ne pnriarek`jn jae ue skcërda idxa pnqun`a au
`uca. Më hdvnrsks ek`ndrks hn ikznr dssa. Hndxn-en hkr ue nxnepca. Nu tdvn

ue
dssajcdn`tn
ne snusqunk`ÿ`jdas
pklkvk $4
pkrkparasmark nevn`hnharns.
`avas khdìêa âs jaedssþns. Ncnfksn
Nssn skcërda ktä jacajkvk
`êa ä a
suidjdn`tn ‚ jnrtken`tn `êa a suidjdn`tn pkrk ktrkdr supnrnstrncks ‚ eks suk
nstruturk hn jaedssêa nrk têa fak qun snu iu`jda`ërda `ÿenra ue nstkvk
lk`mk`ha $46 edc par k`a. Ncn hnid`dtdvken`tn snrdk jkpkz hn n`ja`trkr uek
supnrnstrnck `nssk d`hÿstrdk qun trkfkcmkssn par nssk quk`tdhkhn hn hd`mndra.
Eks pkrk ja`snludr iu`jda`ërdas kctken`tn prahutdvas, ncn prnjdskvk snr fne
jckra ne rnckìêa ka quk`ta snrdke rnjaepn`skhas. Hnd autrk pnrspnjtdvk k
ncn? –Yajï qunr ktrkdr a tdpa hn pnssak qun snrë jaea snu iu`jda`ërda `ÿenra
ue au vajï qunr ktrkdr tkcn`tas qun sn ja`iareke jae kpn`ks $4 par mark1―
N`têa
k`ukds nsjrnvneas hdrntken`tn
sn iar uek nstrnck―. Dssa`a k`ÿ`jda,
euhau –Yajï pahnrëa lk`mkr
hrkektdjken`tn tdpa hnktä $;22 qun
pnssaks edc
ncn jaenìau k ktrkdr.
Yajï prnjdsk rnjaepn`skr snu iu`jda`ërda `ÿenra ue ln`nrasken`tn.
K`as ktrës fktd â partk hn enu jmnin pkrk pnhdr hnedssêa n ncn ‚ a hdrntar
nxnjutdva hk neprnsk ‚ pucau hk jkhndrk n hdssn? –Kqud ä Hnus ikck`ha n
vajï `êa hndxkrë ed`mk neprnsk―. Nu hnd uek lkrlkcmkhk. Ne snludhk ncn
jmkeau a ja`tkhar n inz ue jmnqun hn $> edc pkrk qun nu idjkssn. Dssa
pravkvncen`tn rnprnsn`tau ue jmnqun hn $; edcmêa qun ncn inz pkrk ncn
ensea. Nu trauxn k ncn autra edcmêa. Ncn en inz sn`tdr eudta fne n nu
idqund.
 Xahas enus jcdn`tns ea`tke ue hajuen`ta hn rnjrutken`ta , a`hn ncns

entahdjken`tn jkcjucke k ekdar quk`tdhkhn passåvnc hn hd`mndra qun ue

iu`jda`ërda pahn lk`mkr, d`jcusdvn ka ca`la hn eudtas k`as. Xdvn ue jcdn`tn
qun vn`hdk prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas. Kouhnd-a k jrdkr ue pck`a hn
jaepn`skìêa qun eastrkvk qun kpús quktra k`as ue vn`hnhar pahnrdk
lk`mkr
ktrës hn$::2 edc par k`a.
u`dvnrsdtërdas ^sk`ha nssnNcn
rnjäe-iarekhas. hajuen`ta hn rnjrutken`ta,
pklkvk kpn`ks iaeas
ue skcërda fksn hn
$6 edc par eïs, n`têa tdvneas qun hkr kas `avas iu`jda`ërdas ue d`jn`tdva
pkrk trkfkcmkr par kqunck pnqun`k quk`tdhkhn hn hd`mndra n`quk`ta ncns `êa
kuen`tkvke suks vn`hks. Dekld`n snu idcma jmnlk`ha ne jksk jae uek
iacmk hn pkpnc `k eêa nxpcdjk`ha jaea ncn pahnrdk lk`mkr $::2 edc ne
quktra k`as. (Ynok a nxnepca `k prúxdek pëld`k). Yajï a kouhkrdk k
ja`snludr nssn neprnla ‚ tkcvnz ktä jaepcnen`tkssn snu skcërda au pnredtdrdk
qun earkssn ne jksk par ue tnepd`ma k ekds sn a rnsuctkha iassn nssn1
Autra jcdn`tn enu trkfkcmkvk jae snluras. Ä `njnssërda eudta tnepa pkrk
qun ue vn`hnhar hn snluras kuen`tn snu skcërda, eks ks rnjaepn`sks sêa
ik`tëstdjks quk`ha sn ja`strúd uek jkrtndrk nxtn`sk hn jcdn`tns. N as jcdn`tns
ë nxdstn`tns jaepcnen`tke a skcërda. Eks as vn`hnharns sneprn rnjnfdke
d`jn`tdvas pkrk ktrkdr `avas `nlújdas. @ús rnhuzdeas k parjn`tklne qun a
rnprnsn`tk`tn pahdk rnjnfnr k`ukcen`tn hn jcdn`tns nintdvas. N`têa, pkrk a
prdendra k`a, as vn`hnharns lk`mkvke :2% hn jaedssþns ne `avas
`nlújdas eks kpn`ks 62% ne `nlújdas nxdstn`tns hnshn a k`a k`tnrdar. @a
tnrjndra k`a n `as k`as snlud`tns, as `avas `nlújdas ja`td`ukvke sn`ha
:2%, eks as `nlújdas oë nxdstn`tns jkdke pkrk ;2%. As `avas `nlújdas nrke
a`hn sn n`ja`trkvk a hd`mndra, n`têa as rnprnsn`tk`tns td`mke ue d`jn`tdva
pahnrasa pkrk sneprn aftï-cas.

Nxnepca hn Hajuen`ta hn Vnjrutken`ta

K`a ;
Xncnia
Xncnia`ne
`neks
ks Cnkhs Vnu`dþns Cdstkln`s Yn`hks Jaedssêa Jaedssþns Yajï
Cnkhs
Kln`hkhks Injmkhks Eähdk Xatkds Vnjnfn
Eähdk
hn cnkhs $;>9.926
par ;68 4: >> 6: $:8.288 $<=:.2;6 (62%)
jarrnda
 Afsnrvkìêa? A k`a fksn hn $6 edc par eïs snrë hnhuzdha hks jaedssþns rnjnfdhks.

K`a 6
Eähdk
hn cnkhs ;68 4: >> 6: $:8.288 $<=:.2;6 $;4>.<>:
par (6>%)
jarrnda

K`a :
Eähdk
hn cnkhs ;68 4: >> 6: $:8.288 $<=:.2;6 $6:8.42:
par (:2%)
jarrnda
Lk`mas
d`tnr`as
hn ;2% $;2 edc
$;22 edc
hk (;2%)
rnjndtk
frutk
Xatkc $688.42:
K`a 8
Eähdk
hn cnkhs ;68 4: >> 6: $:8.288 $<=:.2;6 $:;:.62>
par (82%)
jarrnda
Lk`mas
d`tnr`as
; hn $622.222
$62.222
;2% hk (;2%)
rnjndtk
frutk
Lk`mas
d`tnr`as
6 hn $;2.222
;2% hk $;22.222 (;2%)
rnjndtk
frutk
Xatkc $:8:.62>
K`a >
Eähdk
hn cnkhs $:;:.62>
;68 4: >> 6: $:8.288 $<=:.2;6
par (82%)
jarrnda
Lk`mas
d`tnr`as
; hn $:22.222 $:2.222
;2% hk
rnjndtk (;2%)
 frutk

Lk`mas
d`tnr`as
6 hn $622.222 $62.222
;2% hk (;2%)
rnjndtk
frutk
Xatkc $:9:.62>

Ekds ;2% hks jaedssþns frutks d`vnstdhks ne d`vnstden`tas hk neprnsk jae

a afontdva hn jaeprkr praprdnhkhns hn d`vnstden`ta.

Jaea Ktä Ensea Nxärjdtas hn ^e Maene Zú Rahne

Ja`trktkr Xkcn`tas Kctken`tn Rrahutdvas

@k pcktndk
mkvdk ne uek
ja`trktkha pkcnstrk qun
vn`hnharns. hnd,amkvdk
Ncn nrk ue hnsdl`nr
vn`hnhar, n`têa suklrëidja qun `u`jk
vdhk kctnr`kvk-sn
n`trn kfu`hæ`jdk n nsjkssnz. [uk`ha ncn `êa td`mk `nlújdas, ncn jarrdk ktrës
hn kclue trkfkcma. [uk`ha ncn ja`snludk trkfkcma prnjdskvk n`trnlkr a
praonta, n`têa `êa mkvdk `d`luäe pkrk jarrnr ktrës hn ekds `nlújdas hurk`tn
kquncn pnråaha. [uk`ha a praonta tnred`kvk, ncn td`mk qun `avken`tn jarrnr
ktrës hn ekds trkfkcma. Kssde iad `assk ja`vnrsk?

N^? [ukc snrdk snu sa`ma hn praonta1

NCN?  ^e pkjatn hn dhn`tdhkhn pkrk uek neprnsk nenrln`tn n fne
nstkfncnjdhk au ne iksn hn jrnsjden`ta.
N^? [uk`ha vajï rnjnfnrdk jae ue praonta hnssns1
NCN? A praonta dhnkc trkrdk $6> edc.
N^? N quk`ta hnssn vkcar vajï nstkrdk hdspasta k kfrdr eêa hdkrdken`tn
pkrk ja`snludr ue praonta hnssns1
NCN? Nu kfrdrdk eêa hn 62% n ja`td`ukrdk sktdsindta.
N^? Dssa snrdk $> edc.
NCN? Nxktken`tn.
N^? N quk`tas praontas hnssn tdpa vajï hkrdk ja`tk par eïs1
NCN? Rravkvncen`tn quktra par eïs.
N^?  N`têa $> edc vnzns quktra praontas par eïs snrdke $62 edc.
 Jacaqun dssa `a oar`kc n vnok qun tdpa hn tkcn`ta vajï ktrkdrë.

Nds kqud jaea a hnsdl`nr lrëidja pahnrdk ja`snludr kcluäe pkrk trkfkcmkr ne
tnepa d`tnlrkc pkrk aftnr ekds `nlújdas n ek`tnr as praontas ne k`hken`ta.
Ekds tkrhn, vnrneas jaea aftnr ue icuxa ja`stk`tn hn `avas n lrk`hns
jcdn`tns d`hnpn`hn`tn ha snu tdpa hn `nlújda. Eks vkeas uskr nssn, par
n`quk`ta.
Hdlkeas qun vajï snok ue praidssda`kc hn qudraprkxdk n nstnok ktn`hn`ha k
;22 pkjdn`tns par snek`k `a eaen`ta. Ja`trktn uek pnssak qun rnjnfk 62%
hn tuha qun n`trn kjdek hnssn `ÿenra n jacaqun-k pkrk ja`strudr
rnckjda`ken`tas ne snu fkdrra ‚ kjkhnedks, lrupas hk jaeu`dhkhn,
neprnsks, n kssde par hdk`tn. D`hnpn`hn`tn ha snu tdpa hn `nlújda, sneprn më
ekds ek`ndrks pkrk aftnr ekds jcdn`tns qun vajï pahnrë hkr ja`tk sn snludr as
ja`sncmas hnstn cdvra. Ktä klark, ikckeas kpn`ks safrn as kspnjtas hn `åvnds
ekds kctas n ekds nstrktäldjas. As jkpåtucas sufsnqun`tns trktkrêa ha kspnjta
prëtdja pkrk aftnr ekds ja`suedharns ha qun vajï passk hkr ja`tk.
Zn vajï nstdvnr hdspasta k pklkr, ensea sn fksnkha kpn`ks ne
pnriarek`jn, vajï idjkrë jmajkha ne hnsjafrdr qun sneprn më kcluäe
pnrindta pkrk kouhë-ca k ja`strudr suk neprnsk ‚ ja`tk`ta qun vajï nstnok
hdspasta k jaepkrtdcmkr hk rdqunzk `k ensek praparìêa.

Jaea Khed`dstrkr uek Zupnrnstrnck

^ek vnz qun vajï tn`mk ja`trktkha uek supnrnstrnck, vajï prnjdsk snr eudta
nstrktäldja hn iarek k ek`tnr kqunck pnssak ne suk arlk`dzkìêa. As
iu`jda`ërdas kctken`tn prahutdvas tïe kclueks jkrkjtnråstdjks ne jaeue
qun pahnrêa ikjdcen`tn trkhuzdr-sn ne k`sdnhkhn `k ekdardk hks neprnsks.
Ncns sêa ardld`kds, d`tncdln`tns n snluras hn sd enseas. Ncns `arekcen`tn sn
irustrke `k ekdardk hks neprnsks n kjkfke par kfrdr snu prúprda `nlújda.
K jmkvn pkrk ek`tnr ks supnrnstrncks ä `u`jk hdznr `êa k ncks. Ne vnz
hdssa, rnhdrnjda`n suks n`nrldks au hï k ncks kclu`s hnskidas pkrk supnrkr
jaea ja`hdìêa pkrk aftnrne a qun qunrne. Kqud nstë ue nxnepca hn jaea
rnspa`hnr k uek supnrnstrnck.

Z^RNVNZXVNCK?  Nd, jmnin! Zn mauvnssn uek jaeu`djkìêa encmar

n`trn as hnpkrtken`tas, kjrnhdta qun `assks vn`hks kuen`tkrdke. Nu
 

pahnrdk ea`tkr ue pralrkek pkrk dssa1

YAJÏ? Útdek dhndk! Dssa ä a qun ikrneas? Zn vajï en ja`snludr ekds
trïs vn`hks par eïs hurk`tn as trïs prúxdeas ensns, hndxkrnd qun
cnvn nssk dhndk khdk`tn.

N`quk`ta eudtks pnssaks drrdtke au ain`hne-sn par ue pauqud`ma hn nla,

vajï prnjdsk snr lrkta pnca nla hn suk supnrnstrnck n kfrdr eêa ha snu prúprda
nla par ue ed`uta. Kssde ä jaea sn cdhk jae uek supnrnstrnck qun nstë
jrdtdjk`ha kcla qun vajï jrdau.

Z^RNVNZXVNCK? Nssk pnìk praeajda`kc ä tnrråvnc. @ús prnjdskeas

hn uek encmar.
YAJÏ? Nu jrdnd k pnìk qun vajï nstë jrdtdjk`ha, eks útdea! Ykeas vnr
a qun vajï ja`snlun jrdkr.

@êa më `njnssdhkhn hn rnkldr au tar`kr-sn hnin`sdva. Kpn`ks hdrnjda`n suk

n`nrldk, hnskidn-as n vnok a qun ja`snlune jrdkr. Útdeas khed`dstrkharns
skfne a quk`ta ä passåvnc nxtrkdr hn ue nla iartn.

Z^RNVNZXVNCK?  Nu hnid`dtdvken`tn ja`snludrdk kuen`tkr ks

vn`hks.
YAJÏ? Zú kjrnhdta vn`ha. Ikckr ä iëjdc.

[uk`ta ekds vajï hnskidkr ks supnrnstrncks, ekds as n`jarkokrë pkrk supnrkr k

eähdk. Eks `êa sn nsqunìk hn ncaldë-cas ka ktd`ldrne au supnrkrne snu
hnskida.

^ek @atk Rkrk Xahks Ks Ja`trktkìþns

Nssn jkpåtuca iajk-sn prd`jdpkcen`tn ne tkcn`ta hn vn`hks, oë qun ä a qun
eatdvk k ekdardk hks arlk`dzkìþns n ä ue jaepa`n`tn jråtdja pkrk snu
sujnssa. Eks eudta ha qun nstë nxpcdjkha kqud pahn snr justaedzkha pkrk
n`jkdxkr-sn k autras hnpkrtken`tas. Rkrk qukcqunr pasdìêa qun vajï prnjdsn
ja`trktkr, hdvdhk-k ne tahks ks ërnks hn mkfdcdhkhns `njnssërdks pkrk rnkcdzkr
 a trkfkcma n pnìk kas jk`hdhktas pkrk hkrne uek `atk k sd ensea ne jkhk

uek hncks. A eätaha rnckxkr-nxked`kr-ktkjkr ä uek útdek inrrken`tk pkrk

n`trnvdstks, eks snok sukvn `a ktkqun quk`ha `êa nstdvnr prajurk`ha par
vn`hnharns. Hdlk kcla jaea? –Nu lastkrdk hn tnr ekds hn uek pasdìêa
hdspa`åvnc parqun nu rnkcen`tn lastnd hn vajï. Eks sú tn`ma uek pasdìêa n
`êa nstau suk
vn`hnrne jnrta hn qun
deklne pncavajï sn ue
en`as n`jkdxn fne `nck―.
pauqud`ma Ikìkks as
pkrk tahks jk`hdhktas
pasdìþns. Dssa
ä kpn`ks uek ek`ndrk hn tnstkr jaea ks pnssaks n`jkrke ks khvnrsdhkhns,
snok uek rnjnpjda`dstk qun prnjdsk cdhkr jae jne tncnia`neks par mark au
ue nxnjutdva id`k`jndra. ^e pauqud`ma hn ktkqun ä eudta rnvnckhar safrn a
tdpa hn pnssak qun vajï nstë n`trnvdstk`ha.
Hn ikta, tuha qun iad hdta kqud safrn k ja`trktkìêa hn supnrnstrncks tkefäe
sn kpcdjk k pasdìþns qun `êa sêa hn vn`hks, d`jcud`ha k iarek jaea vajï as
rnjaepn`sk. Rar nxnepca, ue hn enus jcdn`tns nrk ha`a hn ue `nlújda
ldlk`tn hn eachurks (n`qukhrkr pd`turks n lrkvurks). Zulnrd qun k neprnsk
nstruturkssn snu pck`a hn jaepn`skìêa pkrk as iu`jda`ërdas fksnkha ne
quk`tks eachurks sne hnindtas ja`snludke ea`tkr par hdk. Fksnkeas k
pnriarek`jn `a encmar iu`jda`ërda hn tkc iarek qun tahas puhnssne lk`mkr
ekds hd`mndra sn ktd`ldssne uek pnriarek`jn jaea k suk. Yajï pahnrdk
nstruturkr a skcërda fksnkha ne pnriarek`jn, d`hnpn`hn`tn hk pasdìêa1 Maon
ne hdk, tuha sn rnsuen â pnriarek`jn.

 Nxnrjåjda
Hï uek acmkhk `avken`tn ne suk cdstk hn d`djdktdvks au tkrniks qun
rnqunrne supnrnstrncks. Nssks sêa ks jadsks qun vajï lastkrdk hn
ikznr pkrk kouhkr suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta k jrnsjnr au k
encmarkr, eks qun autrk pnssak pahnrdk ikznr par vajï n qun uek
supnrnstrnck puhnssn ikznr kd`hk encmar qun vajï. Cndk `avken`tn
a qun vajï nsjrnvnu safrn a qun nssks d`djdktdvks sdl`didjkrdke pkrk
suk arlk`dzkìêa n qukc snrdk snu vkcar eå`dea. Nsjrnvk uek útdek
hnsjrdìêa hn trkfkcma ha qun snrdk nspnrkha hnssks pnssaks.
Ne snludhk pn`sn safrn a quk`ta ncns lk`mkrdke. Zn ä uek pasdìêa
hn vn`hks, jaea oë iad en`jda`kha, quk`ta ha qun krrnjkhkrne
 vajï pahnrdk hnvacvnr k ncns1 Rkrk autrks pasdìþns, vajï pahn

euhkr a d`jn`tdva pkrk snr fksnkha ne pnriarek`jn ne vnz hn

marks1
Klark, jrdn ue k`ÿ`jda ne kclue oar`kc au `k D`tnr`nt qun
hdlk? –Yajï pahnrë lk`mkr ktä (d`sdrk ue `ÿenra kqud) sn vajï iar
uek supnrnstrnck―. Zdlk as pkssas kjdek pkrk ktrkdr uek
supnrnstrnck.
Rkrk ikjdcdtkr nssn prajnssa pkrk vajï, kqud nstë ue k`ÿ`jda
jaepcnta qun `ús pufcdjkeas pkrk aftnr ue tkcn`ta kctken`tn
prahutdva pkrk ue jcdn`tn.

RVNJDZK-ZN HN Z^RNVNZXVNCK HN YN@HKZ $>2 K $:22

EDC K@^KDZ

Zú cdlun sn vajï iar a encmar n puhnr pravë-ca. Lk`mn $>2 edc k`ukds
sn vajï
$:22 edcikz pkrtnsnhkvajï
k`ukds eähdk, $;>2 edc
iar útdea. Dssak`ukds sn vajïa ätdpa
ä `k (d`sdrk faehnnd`hÿstrdk
ekds hn
kqud), eks `ús ja`trktkeas nstrncks fksnkha ne pnriarek`jn, `êa ne
mdstúrdjas praidssda`kds. @êa departk k dhkhn ‚ sn vajï tne a tkcn`ta,
`ús skfnrneas. Xrnd`krneas kquncn qun tdvnr tuha a qun `ús qunrneas.
Rnqun`a skcërda fksn, eks lrk`hns rnjaepn`sks fksnkhks ne
pnriarek`jn pkrk aftnr-cmn $:22 edc k`ukds n ekds k jkhk k`a. Hnvnrë
snr kcluäe d`jråvnc pkrk kfrdr partks n kln`hkr rnu`dþns ktrkväs hn
cdlkìþns k jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Hnvnrë snr kctken`tn eatdvkha, ue
nxjncn`tn kprnsn`tkhar n jaeu`djkhar n injmkr vn`hks hn iarek
nspntkjuckr. Yn`mk n ja`struk snu prúprda depärda hn`tra hn `assk
rn`aekhk n pralrnssdvk jaepk`mdk. @ús tneas uek nxjncn`tn
rnputkìêa n prnjdskeas hn nstrncks hn vnrhkhn pkrk k`lkrdkr as
encmarns jcdn`tns. N`vdn snu jurråjuca pkrk a n-ekdc kfkdxa?

Rn`sn safrn nssn k`ÿ`jda. Nssn k`ÿ`jda ä a sa`ma hn qukcqunr vn`hnhar

kctken`tn prahutdva.

Ja`jcusêa
 

Zn vajï qunr tnr uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , vajï prnjdsk tnr as
vn`hnharns hnid`dtdvas. ^sn a eahnca `nstn jkpåtuca pkrk nstkfncnjnr as
prajnhden`tas hn ja`trktkìêa pkrk suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta. Eks `êa sn
nsqunìk hn khdjda`kr suk prúprdk afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa pkrk k
rnjndtk. Cnvk suk
Vnsdstk khdkr tnepa n pnrsdstï`jdk
prdendrk pkrk
ja`trktkìêa jrdkr sn
ensea uek
suksnqudpn hn supnrnstrncks.
prdendrks ja`trktkìþns
`êa iu`jda`krke. Ne ed`mk neprnsk k`tdlk, ja`tëvkeas snds `avks
ja`trktkìþns pkrk jkhk iu`jda`ërda qun hkvk jnrta. Zkfåkeas qun dssa
kja`tnjnrdk, n`têa ktä tå`mkeas ue prajnhden`ta pkrk kjncnrkr a prajnssa
pkrk cdvrkr-`as hkquncns iu`jda`ërdas qun `êa nstkvke rnkcdzk`ha a trkfkcma.
Zn `êa nrke útdeas, ncns sn qundekvke ikjdcen`tn.
As wargsmaps pahne kouhë-ca k jrdkr prajnhden`tas qun sêa
pnrsa`kcdzkhas pkrk suk neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta. Znok pnrsdstn`tn. Hafrnd ks
vn`hks hn eudtks neprnsks jae nssk sdepcns nstrktäldk hn dhn`tdidjkr,
ja`trktkr n rntnr supnrnstrncks. Jacaqun ue fajkha hn tkcn`tas kctken`tn
prahutdvas `k neprnsk n vnok jaea nck jrnsjnrë.
 

K @afrn Krtn hn Ja`qudstkr as Encmarns

Ja`suedharns
K Ek`ndrk Ekds Vëpdhk n hn En`ar Justa pkrk Kuen`tkr
Yn`hks Hrkektdjken`tn

K snlud`tn nstrktäldk pravkvncen`tn kouhau ekds neprnsks hafrkrne suks

vn`hks ha qun qukcqunr autra ja`jndta. Vnsued`ha ne uek irksn? Zneprn më
ue `ÿenra en`ar hn –encmarns ja`suedharns― ha qun tahas as autras
ja`suedharns ou`tas. Dssa sdl`didjk qun ikznr ekrgntd`l pkrk ncns ä ekds
fkrkta qun ikznr ekrgntd`l pkrk tahas as ja`suedharns. ^ek jkepk`mk hn
ekck hdrntk pkrk as ;22 –encmarns ja`suedharns― afvdken`tn snrë en`as
jkrk qun pkrk ue lrupa hn ;2 edc hn –tahas as ja`suedharns―. Eks ä
ek`ndrk jaea vajï rnkcdzk a ekrgntd`l n vn`hn qun hntnred`krë sn vajï
ja`qudstkrë au `êa nssns –encmarns ja`suedharns―. [uk`ha a Jmkrcdn
Eu`lnr en rnspa`skfdcdzau pncas k`ÿ`jdas hn vn`hks hn uek hn suks
rnvdstks, nck td`mk ue fk`ja hn hkhas hn 6.622 k`u`jdk`tns patn`jdkds. Idz
uek k`ëcdsn hn enrjkha n hnsjafrd qun jn`ta n snssn`tk n sntn hncns
jaeprkvk 4>% hn tahas as k`ÿ`jdas `ks quktra rnvdstks prd`jdpkds. Dssa nrk
nspnjdkcen`tn departk`tn parqun nssks quktra rnvdstks nstkvke rnjnfn`ha
tahas as k`ÿ`jdas hn vkcar hnstn enrjkha. @n`mue hnssns jcdn`tns k`u`jdkvk
ne `assks rnvdstks n `ús nstëvkeas cë nefkdxa `a `ÿenra qud`zn ne tnreas
hn pkrtdjdpkìêa hn enrjkha ne `assa sntar.
Ka iajkr-en d`tn`sken`tn `nssns jn`ta n snssn`tk n sntn ja`suedharns
dhnkds, iud jkpkz hn trkznr trd`tk hncns pkrk k rnvdstk `a prdendra k`a. Hn
rnpn`tn, nxnjutdvas qun `u`jk mkvdke auvdha ikckr safrn `ús k`tns
jaenìkrke k auvdr eudta ka `assa rnspndta vd`ha hn vërdks ia`tns.
Depucsda`khas par nssk papuckrdhkhn, hn`tra hn snds ensns tå`mkeas
ja`qudstkha 6= hnssn `ava lrupa hn nxnjutdvas pkrk `assk rnvdstk. Dssa par sd
sú hafrau ks vn`hks hn k`ÿ`jdas `k rnvdstk. Nssns nrke as lrk`hns
k`u`jdk`tns. [uk`ha ncns n`trkvke, nrk pkrk pasdìþns jafdìkhks ‚ pëld`ks
 nspncmkhks jacardhks, ja`trk-jkpk, qukrtk jkpk, n kssde par hdk`tn. Ktä nssn

pa`ta, `ús mkvåkeas safrnvdvdha hn rn`hden`tas hn k`ÿ`jdas hn ue qukrta

hn pëld`k, ue tnrìa hn pëld`k n endk pëld`k. Hafrkeas ks vn`hks `a k`a
snlud`tn rntn`ha nssns encmarns ja`suedharns `k rnvdstk n trkzn`ha ekds
autras :2. Hafrkeas ks vn`hks `avken`tn `a tnrjndra k`a snludha ka trkznr
a rnstk`tn
[uk`hahas ;9< encmarns
hafrnd ks vn`hksja`suedharns.
pnca tnrjndra k`a snludha, a Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr
hdssn? –Yajï tne jnrtnzk hn qun `êa nstë en`td`ha, trkpkjnk`ha au
raufk`ha1 Ne tahas enus k`as hn trkfkcma, `u`jk vd `d`luäe hafrkr ks
vn`hks ne trïs k`as snludhas―.
Afvdken`tn, `êa nstëvkeas ikzn`ha `khk hdssa. Nstëvkeas kpn`ks
ikzn`ha ekrgntd`l n vn`hn`ha encmar qun qukcqunr ue hn `assas
jaepntdharns. Kcäe hdssa, mkvåkeas ja`struåha k Ekqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn
Yn`hks jae as prajnhden`tas n `areks `njnssërdas pkrk vn`hnr qun
prnjdskvke snr snludhas par tahas as vn`hnharns. Nssn cdvra ikckrë safrn jkhk
kspnjta hnssns kspnjtas `as jkpåtucas k snludr.
As encmarns ja`suedharns jaeprke ne ekdar quk`tdhkhn, vncajdhkhn n
irnquï`jdk qun as autras ja`suedharns. Nssns sêa snus jcdn`tns dhnkds.
D`hnpn`hn`tnen`tn ha qun ekds nstdvnr ikzn`ha, vajï hnvnrdk hnhdjkr ue
nsiarìa nxtrk pkrk jkpturë-cas. Nu jmkea dssa hk nstrktäldk ha  Nsiarìa has
Kcenokhas. Nssn ä a pralrkek pkrk ja`qudstkr snus ;22 (au
;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.
qukcqunr `ÿenra khnqukha) jcdn`tns ekds kcenokhas ja`stk`tnen`tn n
d`jk`skvncen`tn ktä qun ncns jaeprne snu prahuta au snrvdìa. K entk has
;22 Ekds Kcenokhas ä cnvkr snus ja`suedharns dhnkds hk pasdìêa hn –Nu
`u`jk auvdr ikckr hnssk neprnsk― pkrk –[un neprnsk ä nssk hk qukc tahas
nstêa ikck`ha1― ktä –Zde, oë auvd ikckr hnssk neprnsk― n hnpads –Zde, nu ikìa
`nlújdas jae nssk neprnsk―.
@nstn jkpåtuca, vajï kprn`hnrë k nstrktäldk pkrk ja`qudstkr snus jcdn`tns
ekds kcenokhas. Yajï tkefäe n`ja`trkrë uek supnrkfu`hæ`jdk hn dhndks
jrdktdvks pkrk jkpturkr a d`tnrnssn hnssns encmarns jaeprkharns. Yajï vnrë
jaea iajkr snus nsiarìas `as encmarns jaeprkharns au `as encmarns fkdrras
(sn vajï vn`hn hdrntken`tn pkrk ja`suedharns) n jaea ek`tnr nssn iaja ka
ca`la ha tnepa jae uek afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa n hdsjdpcd`k. Haed`n dssa n
vajï vnrë ue jrnsjden`ta nxpa`n`jdkc ne suk rn`hk. K ek`ndrk ekds rëpdhk

hn ikznr
ekds qukcqunr neprnsk jrnsjnr ä iajkr ue nsiarìa nspnjdkc k snus jcdn`tns
kcenokhas.
 

Yn`hks F6F;
^e hn enus jcdn`tns vn`hn rnjursas hn pnsqudsks pkrk neprnsks hn
khvajkjdk. Ne lrk`hns idreks, ue sújda khed`dstrktdva ikz a pkpnc hn hdrntar
nxnjutdva hks neprnsks. Ncns tïe ue ja`sncma nxnjutdva qun kouhk k
khed`dstrkr k idrek n k taekr hnjdsþns. Cala kfkdxa nstêa as sújdas sn`darns
hn jkhk nspnjdkcdhkhn ‚ praprdnhkhn d`tncnjtukc, cdtdlkìêa, ikcï`jdk, n kssde
par hdk`tn. N n`têa sn snlune as khvalkhas, as kssdstn`tns has khvalkhas, as
fdfcdatnjërdas, n kssde par hdk`tn.
Oë qun enu jcdn`tn vn`hdk prahutas hn pnsqudsk, ncn prnjdskvk cdhkr jae as
fdfcdatnjërdas, oë qun sêa ncns qun khed`dstrke ks inrrken`tks hn pnsqudsk. Zn
vajï tne ue prahuta rnvacujda`ërda, pravkvncen`tn snrë jkpkz hn kln`hkr
uek rnu`dêa jae ue fdfcdatnjërda a`hn vajï pravkvncen`tn a deprnssda`krë.
As fdfcdatnjërdas
sújdas, eks eudtashn kclueks idreks
`êa. Rahn snrnxnrjne uekidqun
qun vajï lrk`hnuek
d`icuï`jdk safrn as
mark tn`tk`ha
ja`vn`jnr kquncn fdfcdatnjërda n hnpads ncn tn`mk kpn`ks u`s > au ;2 ed`utas
pkrk tn`tkr nxpcdjkr snu prahuta au snrvdìa pkrk as khvalkhas qun vajï qunr
ktd`ldr.
N`têa a hnskida pkrk nssn jcdn`tn nrk ja`strudr ue pralrkek qun
ja`tar`kssn a fdfcdatnjërda n iassn hdrntken`tn ka jaedtï khed`dstrktdva. Zn
vajï cdlkssn pkrk kclue khvalkha hn uek idrek hn khvajkjdk n hdssnssn?
–Xn`ma ue nxjncn`tn rnjursa hn pnsqudsk qun a kouhkrë snr ekds nidjkz―, ncn
au nck `arekcen`tn a nepurrkrdk pkrk a fdfcdatnjërda. @ús jrdkeas uek
pkcnstrk d`iarektdvk jaea `assa krluen`ta prd`jdpkc? –Ks jd`ja tn`hï`jdks
ekds pnrdlasks qun kenkìke idreks hn khvajkjdk―. Cdlkeas pkrk ks >2
ekdarns idreks hn khvajkjdk pkrk ainrnjnr d`iarekìêa lrëtds. Kssde nrk
`assa ratndra? –Nstau jnrta qun vajï oë auvdu ikckr hn `assk neprnsk. @ús
tneas kouhkha idreks hn khvajkjdk k snrne ekds fne-sujnhdhks më ekds hn
>2 k`as. Vnjn`tnen`tn rnkcdzkeas ue nstuha safrn ks ktukcdhkhns `a
enrjkha hn khvajkjdk n hnsjafrdeas kclu`s hnskidas fkstk`tn särdas pkrk ks
idreks hn khvajkjdk `a `ava edcï`da. Oë qun `assk safrnvdvï`jdk hnpn`hn hn
snu sujnssa, lastkråkeas hn jnrtdidjkr-ea-`as qun vajï tn`mk kjnssa k nssk
d`iarekìêa n tn`mk uek apartu`dhkhn hn rnslukrhkr-sn pkrk nvn`tukds
prafcneks. Nxparneas nssk d`iarekìêa hn iarek eudta sujd`tk ne uek
 pkcnstrk nxnjutdvk, k qukc ainrnjnrneas pkrk tahks ks ekdarns idreks hn

khvajkjdk. Hn ikta, oë nstkeas n`trk`ha ne ja`tkta jae k (hï a `aen hn

vërdks autrks idreks hn khvajkjdk)n nstkeas `a prajnssa hn arlk`dzkr k
nxdfdìêa hnssk kprnsn`tkìêa ne kcluek hn suks rnu`dþns khed`dstrktdvks.
Kharkråkeas pahnr ikznr a ensea jae suk idrek pkrk `as jnrtdidjkreas hn
qunNxdstne
vajï tkefäe
eudtasrnjnfnrë nssksikzne
iktarns qun departk`tns d`iarekìþns―.
nstk kfarhklne tnr eudta sujnssa. Ne
prdendra culkr, `atn jaea uskeas a iktar hn enha jaea ue eatdvkhar. Ä
eudta ekds iëjdc aftnr k ktn`ìêa hn ue kcta nxnjutdva sn nxdstne –tn`hï`jdks
pnrdlasks― hnskidk`ha-as ha qun sn vajï ainrnjnr kclue fn`niåjda qun kd`hk
`êa iad n`trnlun. Kcäe hdssa, a tnrea vkcdhkhn sajdkc iad ue iartn iktar uskha
kqud. Dssa sdl`didjk qun, –[uk`ha as autras nstêa ikzn`ha k ensek jadsk, nu
passa ikzï-ck tkefäe―. Hndxn-en hkr ue útdea nxnepca hn jaea k vkcdhkhn
sajdkc eachk k sajdnhkhn. Rkrk kquncns eudta oavn`s jaea vajï pkrk cnefrkr-
sn, mkvdk ue tnepa quk`ha nrk vnrla`masa pkrk k sajdnhkhn earkr jae
kcluäe sne mkvnr sn jkskha jae nck. N eudta en`as, tnr ue idcma sne nstkr
jkskha. Maon, jae k nxjnìêa hn ikeåcdks rncdldasks, tahas qun ja`mnìa
earkrke jae snu pkr k`tns hn mkvnr sn jkskha jae ncns. Nstrncks hn
Maccywaah iarke ks prdendrks k qunfrkr nssn tkfu, prnpkrk`ha kssde a
jked`ma pkrk qun a rnsta hk sajdnhkhn snludssn snu nxnepca.
Au sn jacajkreas dssa ne ue ja`tnxta hn `nlújdas? –[uk`ha as encmarns
jaeprkharns jaeprke, as autras jaeprkharns jaeprke ekds rëpdha―. @a
ratndra kjdek, `atn k cd`luklne? –Hn ikta, oë nstkeas n`trk`ha ne ja`tkta
jae k (hï a `aen hn vërdks autrks idreks hn khvajkjdk) n nstkeas `a
prajnssa hn arlk`dzkr k nxdfdìêa hnssk kprnsn`tkìêa ne kcluek hn suks
rnu`dþns khed`dstrktdvks. Kharkråkeas pahnr ikznr a ensea jae suk idrek
pkrk `as jnrtdidjkreas qun vajï tkefäe rnjnfnrë nssks departk`tns
d`iarekìþns―. @atn qun `êa hdssneas –Eastrkeas dssa k iuck`a n jdjrk`a―.
@ús hdssneas –oë nstkeas n`trk`ha ne ja`tkta jae― n –nstkeas `a prajnssa
hn arlk`dzkr k nxdfdìêa...― Nssk iad k vnrhkhn.
Nu tn`ma uek rnlrk ne rnckìêa k vn`hks? @u`jk ed`tk. Jnrtdidqun-sn hn
qun vajï nstë ikck`ha k vnrhkhn. Ka nsjacmnr ks pkckvrks pkrk `assk
kfarhklne `a tncnia`n judhkhasken`tn, ikckeas k vnrhkhn, eks k deprnssêa
qun trk`sedtdeas nrk hn qun kqudca oë nstkvk kja`tnjn`ha. Ka en`jda`kr as
`aens hks autrks
quksn qun lrk`hns idreks,
d`stk`tk`nken`tn. ktrkåeas`as
N tkefäe a d`tnrnssn hn snus
jnrtdidjkeas qunja`jarrn`tns
dssa nrk k
 vnrhkhn. @ús tå`mkeas n`trkha ne ja`tkta jae tahks ks ekdarns idreks. Hn

ikta, cdlkeas pkrk tahks ncks `a ensea hdk. Zn kcluäe qudsnssn jmnjkr, k
autrk idrek pahnrdk hdznr? –Fne, sde, ncns `as ja`tktkrke, eks kd`hk `êa
n`vdkrke `khk― ‚ au qukcqunr jadsk ha lï`nra ‚ eks a departk`tn ä qun `ús
hn ikta nstëvkeas –n`trk`ha ne ja`tkta― jae tahks ks lrk`hns idreks hn
uek sú vnz.
K`tns hn tuha dssa, enu jcdn`tn `êa ja`snludk ikckr hdrntken`tn jae
`n`mue sújda. Klark k neprnsk ikrdk uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkrk a jaedtï d`tndra
hks idreks hn khvajkjdk jae rnsuctkhas d`jråvnds. Rar nxnepca, nu
kjaepk`mnd ue vn`hnhar quk`ha ncn iad ikznr nssk kprnsn`tkìêa ka jaedtï
nxnjutdva hk ekdar idrek hn uek lrk`hn jdhkhn. Ka id`kc hk kprnsn`tkìêa, k
idrek jaeprau quksn tuha qun a rnprnsn`tk`tn td`mk pkrk vn`hnr.
Hn uek pnrspnjtdvk nstruturkc, ka uskr uek kfarhklne hn vn`hks jaea
nssk, vajï prnjdsk jnrtdidjkr-sn hn qun snu prdendra afontdva ä rnkcen`tn
ktn`hnr ks `njnssdhkhns ha ja`suedhar. Kquncn –ratndra hn nstëhda― au
–krluen`ta prd`jdpkc― nrk súcdhk jaea pnhrk n jmndk hn hkhas d`jråvnds n
ÿtnds safrn idreks hn khvajkjdk n snus hnskidas. Zn vajï qudsnr hnsn`jkhnkr
ue hnskstrn, praentk uek nxpnrdï`jdk d`iarektdvk nxjnpjda`kc n ne snludhk
`êa a jueprk. Yajï vnrë tahks ks pnssaks ja`tarjn`ha-sn hn rkdvk pnca
tnepa pnrhdha.
@nstn jksa, ja`tuha, as hkhas iarke nstupn`has. Ktä d`jarparkeas a usa
hn ue fajkha hn muear. K kprnsn`tkìêa eastrkvk qun a jrnsjden`ta hn
khvalkhas pnr jkpdtk, hn kjarha jae k Arhne has Khvalkhas has Nstkhas
^`dhas, kuen`tau hn ; khvalkha pkrk jkhk <22 pnssaks më :2 k`as ktrës pkrk
; ne :22 pnssaks iarekhks ne khvajkjdk maon.> N n`têa eastrkeas qun ne
Zêa Irk`jdsja uek ne jkhk 99 pnssaks ä ue khvalkha n ne \ksmd`lta`
H.J uek ne jkhk 6: pnssaks ä ue khvalkha. N a prúxdea scdhn eastrkvk
qun ktä a k`a 62>6, quksn tahas snrêa khvalkhas `as Nstkhas ^`dhas. Dssa
snrvdu pkrk uek fak rdskhk, eks as hkhas rnvnckrke qun n`quk`ta a `ÿenra
hn khvalkhas safn, k quk`tdhkhn tatkc hn `nlújdas `dvncau-sn oë më eudtas
k`as. [ukc a sdl`didjkha hnssns hkhas1 [uk`ta ekds khvalkhas, en`as snrë k
quk`tdk hn hd`mndra par khvalkha. K kprnsn`tkìêa n`têa eastrau qun as
khvalkhas `êa sêa as ÿ`djas qun nstêa prajnssk`ha. Jcdn`tns jarparktdvas
klark nstêa prajnssk`ha idreks hn khvajkjdk ne ue å`hdjn kckrek`tn. 82%
hn tahks hnkskclue
cdtdlkìêa lrk`hns idreks
hn snus ekdshndepartk`tns
khvajkjdk jcdn`tns.
tnrêa hn cdhkr jae uek särdk
 cdtdlkìêa hn kclue hn snus ekds departk`tns jcdn`tns.

Xahk nssk d`iarekìêa nstkvk hdspa`åvnc ne jn`tn`ks hn ia`tns, eks a qun

idzneas iad jacajkr tuha dssa ou`ta ne uek ÿ`djk ia`tn ‚ `assk pkcnstrk ‚ n as
rnsuctkhas iarke uek d`jråvnc nxpnrdï`jdk d`iarektdvk n ue rnsuea hk
praidssêa cnlkc ne ue `åvnc eudta kcta. K ÿctdek pkrtn hk kprnsn`tkìêa iajau-
sn `a surlden`ta hn hnskidas hn pnsqudsk pkrk khvalkhas. Maon nxdstne ekds
hn : edcmþns hn jksas `as fk`jas hn hkhas hdspa`åvnds pkrk k ja`suctk has
khvalkhas. Dssa `êa ä uek fak `atåjdk. Arlk`dzkeas k kprnsn`tkìêa hn iarek
qun k pkrtn safrn ks idreks hn khvajkjdk sn`ha prajnsskhks kpkrnjnssn
denhdktken`tn kpús k pkrtn qun eastrkvk jaea ä iëjdc hndxkr pksskr ne
frk`ja ue departk`tn prnjnhn`tn au jksa. Dssa rnkcen`tn n`iktdzau k
departæ`jdk hn tnr ne eêas útdeas rnjursas hn pnsqudsk. A rnsuctkha ka id`kc
ha –d`iarektdva― iad qun tahas as khvalkhas `k skck qunrdke aftnr nssns
rnjursas ‚ sn `êa pkrk ncns, n`têa hnid`dtdvken`tn pkrk snu pnssakc. Dssa
dcustrk jaea k jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha `a Jkpåtuca [uktra (–Xar`k`ha-sn ue
Frdcmk`tn Nstrktnldstk―), ka snr jaepcnen`tkha jae k jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha
hnstn jkpåtuca, tar`k-sn uek iarìk iaredhëvnc pkrk lk`mkr kjnssa kas jcdn`tns
ekds kcenokhas.
Xdvn autra jcdn`tn qun pnhdu ed`mk kouhk parqun suk neprnsk `êa nstkvk
ja`snlud`ha suidjdn`tn cnkhs n kln`hken`ta hn rnu`dþns. Ncn vn`hdk
nqudpken`ta hn nsjrdtúrda pkrk neprnsks. Zuk tëtdjk ktukc nrk ek`hkr uek
jkrtk k jkhk ue hn snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds ne suk ërnk. Ncn inz uek pnsqudsk
n hnsjafrdu qun mkvdk 62 edc neprnsks `k suk ërnk. N`têa n`vdau 62 edc
pnìks hn ekck hdrntk n `êa aftnvn `n`muek rnspastk. @n`muek. Maon, hnvdha
ka kfkrratken`ta hn ekck hdrntk qun ks neprnsks rnjnfne, suk nidjëjdk jkdu
hrkstdjken`tn. Ne `assk pkcnstrk safrn oar`kds (`a Jkpåtuca [uktra),
eastrkeas qun k quk`tdhkhn hn ekck hdrntk hafrau `as ÿctdeas hnz k`as ‚ a
qun sdl`didjk qun uek rnsdhï`jdk rnjnfn ne eähdk a hafra hn ekck hdrntk
maon qun rnjnfdk më ;2 k`as ktrës.
^e jcdn`tn enu hdstrdfuåk oar`kds `a Jk`khë, n cnefra-en qun `nssn pkås
nrk prëtdjk jaeue jacajkr cktks hn cdxa ka ckha hn tahks ks jkdxks hn jarrnda
ne prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas. Hnssk ek`ndrk, as earkharns pahdke oalkr iark
tahks ks ekcks hdrntks qun rnjnfdke hdkrdken`tn ka jmnlkrne. Nssn jcdn`tn
alau iark eudta hd`mndra ne uek jkepk`mk d`tn`sk hn ekck hdrntk,
nspnrk`ha uek kvkck`jmn
–As Zntn Ncnen`tas hn cnkhs
Nssn`jdkds hn pkrk snus vn`hnharns.
Ekrgntd`l―, cmn hkrnd (@a Jkpåtuca
kclueks Zntn,
dhndks hn
 ekck hdrntk qun pahnrêa tar`ë-ck ekds nidjkz.) Eks vactneas â hnsjafnrtk has

;22 Ekds Kcenokhas hnstn jcdn`tn.

Vnvdsnd ks vn`hks ha k`a k`tnrdar. Ncks vkrdkvke n`trn $;2 edc k $6= edc
pkrk as sdstneks jaeputkjda`kds qun mkvdke d`stkckha. Eks hn rnpn`tn vd
uek vn`hk hn $;92 edc. –A qun ä dssa1― Hdssnrke-en qun iad uek vn`hk
pkrk uek lrk`hn neprnsk. K ek`ndrk jaea iu`jda`k ks vn`hks F6F pkrk
sdstneks jaeputkjda`kds ä qun sn më ;22 iu`jda`ërdas trkfkcmk`ha, jkhk ue
ne suk ensk, snrdke `njnssërdas ;22 jaeputkharns. Jkhk jaeputkhar pahn
justkr jnrjk hn $;.922 par nstkìêa hn trkfkcma (tatkcen`tn nqudpkhk jae
mkrhwkrn, saitwkrn, sdstneks n kssde par hdk`tn). A jcdn`tn sneprn sn iajau
ne pnqun`ks neprnsks, eks âs vnzns kpkrnjdk uek lrk`hn neprnsk. Ed`mk
rnkìêa `kturkc iad? –Rar qun `êa vkeas ktrës hks neprnsks lrk`hns1―
Vniarìkrnd a qun oë hdssn? Znok cë a qun vajï nstdvnr ikzn`ha, hnhdqun ue
nsiarìa nspnjdkc vactkha kas jcdn`tns ekds kcenokhas. Jaenìkeas jae uek
kìêa iajkhk ne vn`hks hn lrk`hn quk`tdhkhn. Nssk neprnsk `êa aftnrdk ue
jcdn`tn Iartu`n >22, eks pahnrdk ikjdcen`tn ja`qudstkr neprnsks jae ;22 au
:22 iu`jda`ërdas n snr nidjkzen`tn jaepntdtdvk `nssn `åvnc.
N`têa idzneas uek pnsqudsk hn tahks ks lrk`hns neprnsks `nssk ërnk. Dssa
pahn snr ikjdcen`tn rnkcdzkha `k D`tnr`nt. Ydsdtn www.zkphktk.jae 
www.zkphktk.jae  n ne
paujas ed`utas n`ja`trkrë tahks ks neprnsks hn tahas as tkek`mas hn
qukcqunr sntar ne suk ërnk. Rkrk nssk jaepk`mdk, mkvdk 6 edc neprnsks `k
ërnk nspnjdidjkhk pkrk snus jcdn`tns ekds kcenokhas.
Rnrlu`tnd k nssn jcdn`tn qukds nrke as jrdtärdas uskhas pkrk jaeprkr `avas
sdstneks jaeputkjda`kds. –Fne, sn a sdstnek iar k`tdla, tkcvnz ncns nstnoke
lkstk`ha ekds ne ja`snrtas qun lkstkrdke pkrk kculkr ue sdstnek tatkcen`tn
`ava qun tdvnssn ;2 vnzns ekds apìþns ha qun a ktukc―. Zacdjdtnd kas quktra
vn`hnharns pkrk cdlkr pkrk jkhk uek hks 6 edc neprnsks qun mkvåkeas
dhn`tdidjkha. Ncns sdepcnsen`tn ja`tktkrke uek par uek n ja`vnrskrke
hdrntken`tn jae k rnjnpjda`dstk. Hdssnrke? –Acë. Nstkeas rnkcdzk`ha `assk
pnsqudsk k`ukc n tneas kpn`ks huks pnrlu`tks? Yajï pahnrdk `as hdznr qukc
snu tdpa hn sdstnek jaeputkjda`kc n quk`ta tnepa tne hn usa1― Rrktdjken`tn
44,4% hks rnjnpjda`dstks rnspa`hnrke sne ekdarns ja`trktnepas.
Ne kpn`ks hads hdks hnsjafrdeas qun mkvdke >2= neprnsks kcenokhks
`kqunck ërnk, nqudpkhks jae sdstneks jaeputkjda`kds jae pnca en`as >
k`as hn usa. mkvdke
jaeputkjda`kds As ikfrdjk`tns
injmkha. ardld`kds hn eudtas
Dssa sdl`didjkvk hkquncns
qun eudtas has sdstneks
jcdn`tns
 patn`jdkds nstkvke jaeprk`ha nqudpken`ta hn jaeputkharns uskhas pkrk

rnpar as jaeputkharns qunfrkhas au pkrk nxpk`hdr snu `ÿenra ktukc hn

jaeputkharns. K rnpasdìêa hn taha a sdstnek ä kcla qun tkcvnz `êa
ja`sdhnrkssne jaea uek apìêa oë qun tkcvnz `êa sn hnssne ja`tk hk
sktdsikìêa qun dssa pahnrdk trkznr au qun a justa iassn en`ar qun pn`skvke
sn indta jae fksn `a icuxa hn jkdxk.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca [uktra, hn qukcqunr iarek
pravkvncen`tn kpn`ks :% ha lrupa nstë jaeprk`ha klark. Eks, sú pnca ikta
hks pnssaks `êa nstkrne jaeprk`ha klark `êa sdl`didjk qun `êa nstêa prnstns
k fktnr â suk partk. Ensea sn vajï n`vdkssn uek ekck hdrntk, tkcvnz ncns `ne
k `atkrdke. Cnefrn-sn hn qun nssk neprnsk mkvdk n`vdkha 62 edc ekcks
hdrntks, eks `êa rnjnfnrke `n`muek rnpastk. @ús skfneas qun kclueks
hnssks neprnsks nstkvke prajurk`ha sdstneks jaeputkjda`kds `kquncn
eaen`ta, eks ncks `êa rnspa`hnrke k ekck hdrntk. Rartk`ta, uek ekck hdrntk
`êa ä a suidjdn`tn. Yajï prnjdsk rnkcen`tn jmkekr k ktn`ìêa.
K prdendrk jadsk qun idzneas iad ek`hkr ue Jufa Eëldja âquncks >2=
neprnsks. A iacmnta qun a kjaepk`mkvk hdzdk? –Ja`iusa safrn jaea hafrkr
au trdpcdjkr k prahutdvdhkhn hn snus iu`jda`ërdas1 @ús lkrk`tdeas qun vajï
n`ja`trkrë ;6 ek`ndrks hn rnhuzdr as justas au kuen`tkr k prahutdvdhkhn au
cmn hkrneas ue prnsn`tn `a vkcar hn $> edc pnca d`jøeaha―. Hnssk vnz ncns
rnjnfnrke kpn`ks uek rnspastk. Eks nssk rnspastk, par kjksa, iad hn uek
neprnsk jae :>> iu`jda`ërdas. Nssk vdrdk k snr k ekdar vn`hk `k mdstúrdk hk
neprnsk.
Ne snludhk, cdlkeas pkrk ks neprnsks qun oë mkvdke rnjnfdha a Jufa
Eëldja n kln`hkeas ;> rnu`dþns. Hn`tra hn snds snek`ks, nssk neprnsk
td`mk ekds `nlújdas qun `a k`a pksskha ‚ n tahas nrke lrk`hns kjarhas.
Kcäe hdssa, k`tns hnssk kfarhklne, as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks td`mke
lrk`hn hdidjuchkhn ne aftnr ue ÿ`dja kln`hken`ta hn rnu`dêa. Hn ikta,
kclueks snek`ks sn pksskrke sne uek ÿ`djk rnu`dêa kln`hkhk. As quktra
rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks ou`tas ja`snludke kln`hkr ne eähdk trïs rnu`dþns
par snek`k. ^sk`ha nssk kfarhklne (ekds hntkcmkhk `a Jkpåtuca @avn),
jmnlkeas ka pa`ta a`hn nssns quktra rnprnsn`tk`tns kln`hkrke :2 rnu`dþns
ne uek ÿ`djk snek`k. Dssa ä ue kuen`ta hn ;2 vnzns `a kln`hken`ha hn
rnu`dþns.
N`vdkeas, pnqun`as frd`hns n`ln`masken`tn vd`juckhas n`trn sd pkrk ks
 neprnsks ekds kcenokhks k jkhk huks snek`ks hurk`tn as jd`ja ensns qun
trkfkcmnd jae nssn jcdn`tn. [uk`ha as hndxnd, td`mke `avn vnzns ekds

`nlújdas qun `a k`a k`tnrdar. Zn nssn jcdn`tn iassn sëfda, ncn pnrsdstdrdk ne
ja`qudstkr kquncks >2= lrk`hns neprnsks ne suk ërnk. Ka ca`la ha tnepa,
quk`ha kcluek hncks prnjdskr hn ue sdstnek jaeputkjda`kc, k qune vajï
kjmk qun ja`tktkrêa prdendra1
Zn vajï idznr ue ekrgntd`l ja`tå`ua n hn lrk`hn vdlar k kcluäe, ncns
jnrtken`tn kjkfkrêa par ja`mnjï-ca fne. Zn ncns cmn hdssnrne `êa
rnpntdhken`tn, n vajï ja`td`uk ikzn`ha snu ekrgntd`l n vn`hn`ha suk
deklne k ncns, dssa ä a qun kja`tnjnrë? `a prd`jåpda ncns `êa skfnrêa qune
vajï ä7 ne frnvn skfnrêa nxktken`tn qune vajï ä7 hnpads hn kclue tnepa
tkcvnz ktä sn drrdtne pnck suk prnsn`ìk ja`stk`tn n d`sdstï`jdk7 cala jaenìkrêa
k rnspndtë-ca parqun `u`jk `d`luäe inz ue ekrgntd`l k ncns têa
d`tn`sken`tn7 n id`kcen`tn pksskrêa k sn`tdr-sn afrdlkhas k injmkr kclue
`nlújda jae vajï. Zde, afrdlkhas. Zn kcluäe cmn prajurk rnpntdhken`tn,
ensea sn vajï `êa nstdvnr d`tnrnsskha `kqunck pnssak, vajï jaenìk k sn`tdr
jaea sn qudsnssn hkr kcla ne rntar`a.
^snd nssk kfarhklne ne jn`tn`ks hn jksas, nspnjdkcen`tn jae enus
prúprdas `nlújdas. Ja`qudstnd 92 has jcdn`tns Iartu`n >22 par enda hkqunck
afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa qun nstau cmn rnjaen`hk`ha. N, pkrk hdznr k vnrhkhn,
k ekdardk hncns `êa iad têa hdiåjdc hn ja`qudstkr. K qunstêa ä qun ue iaccaw-
up d`tn`sa n hdcdln`tn pahnrë pn`ntrkr ne prktdjken`tn qukcqunr neprnsk sn
vajï iar hntnred`kha. ^e hn enus jcdn`tns ekds hdiåjnds iad a Oky Kfrkmke,
kutar hn Lnttd`l Nvnrytmd`l Tau \k`t Aut ai Kcc Tau¸vn Lat . Nu vn`ha
pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta pkrk ha`as hn `nlújdas n ncn td`mk ue nxtn`sa
fk`ja hn hkhas jae `aens hn ha`as hn `nlújdas qun jaeprke snus
pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta. Hnjdhd qun nu qunrdk ikznr uek pkrjnrdk jae ncn
pkrk ikznr ue ekrgntd`l eÿtua jae suk cdstk n k ed`mk. Nu cmn tncnia`kvk au
n`vdkvk uek jkrtk k jkhk huks snek`ks hurk`tn hads k`as. Id`kcen`tn, hnpads
hnssns hads k`as, snu lnrn`tn hn `nlújdas en cdlau ja`vdhk`ha-en pkrk
kceaìkr jae a Oky. Rnlund ue kvdêa pkrk Cas K`lncns n kceajnd jae ncn7
kssde k pkrjnrdk nstkvk n`jked`mkhk. Nstdea qun kquncn prdendra kceaìa
jae a Oky en trauxn ekds hn $;> edcmþns ka ca`la has k`as. A Oky tar`au-sn
ue pkrjndra nxtrkarhd`ërda qun `êa sú en trauxn eudta hd`mndra, eks
tkefäe en n`sd`au eudta k jaea pn`skr iark has pkhrþns prä-nstkfncnjdhas.
K ekdardk has enus autras lrk`hns jcdn`tns iad ekds iëjdc hn snr
 ja`qudstkhk k ekdardk cnvau hn trïs k snds ensns, kclu`s kpn`ks uek
cdlkìêa. Kqud nstë jaea ja`snlud ikckr jae a prnsdhn`tn ha ja`sncma hn

khed`dstrkìêa hn uek neprnsk hn $;22 fdcmþns jae uek ÿ`djk tn`tktdvk.

Nu hnjdhd qun qunrdk a \nccs Ikrla Fk`g jaea jcdn`tn n cdlund pkrk a
prnsdhn`tn ha ja`sncma hn khed`dstrkìêa n JNA hk neprnsk. Rkrk ed`mk tatkc
surprnsk, ncn rntar`au ed`mk cdlkìêa hnpads hn hnz ed`utas. Nu nstkvk
nspnrk`ha as usukds trïs k snds ensns hn trkfkcma hura, eks a prnsdhn`tn
rntar`au ed`mk cdlkìêa denhdktken`tn. Ncn tn`tau rnjuskr uek rnu`dêa quktra
au jd`ja vnzns `kqunck cdlkìêa, eks pnrsdstd ktä qun ncn id`kcen`tn hdssn?
–[un tkc kek`mê âs ;>m1―
Nu lklunond nstupnikta n kjndtnd k rnu`dêa. K jked`ma hk rnu`dêa, pkrnd ne
trïs hn suks klï`jdks, tn`tk`ha kfrdr uek ja`tk jarrn`tn neprnskrdkc, n kssde
puhn ja`tkr k ncn safrn ed`mk nxpnrdï`jdk n jaea kjmnd qun pahnrdk encmarkr
nssn prajnssa. Ncn sn tar`au enu jcdn`tn. Dssa ä pkrk eastrkr qun vajï idjkrë
klrkhkvncen`tn surprnsa ka hnsjafrdr jaea ä iëjdc aftnr 44% hn snus jcdn`tns
ekds kcenokhas. Nxdstne kquncns ;% qun hnearkrêa uek ntnr`dhkhn, eks ktä
nssns pahnrêa snr ja`qudstkhas sn vajï iar jaepraentdha

Rn`ntrk`ha ne Maccywaah
d`tdtuckha  Nedcy¸s Za`l6, ue hrkek tajk`tn
Nsjrnvd ue ratndra pkrk ue idcen d`tdtuckha Nedcy¸s
n neatdva safrn uek jk`tark qun vkd hk edsärdk â ikek. Hnpads hn rnjnfnr
eudtks rnkìþns pasdtdvks, hnjdhd qun nu vn`hnrdk nssn ratndra ne Maccywaah.
Nu `êa skfdk `khk safrn a sntar hn n`trntn`den`ta, as pckynrs, jaea tuha
iu`jda`kvk, n kssde par hdk`tn.
Jaeprnd a nxnepckr hk rnvdstk Rrnednrn
rnvdstk  Rrnednrn jae
 jae uek cdstk hks –;22 pnssaks
ekds pahnrasks hn Maccywaah―. Ed`mk `assk, kcd nstkvk ed`mk cdstk jae as
;22 ekds kcenokhas, n kcluäe oë td`mk indta taha a trkfkcma par ede. N`têa
nu idz uek kssd`kturk ha Maccywaah
ha  Maccywaah Jrnktdvn Hdrnjtary,
Hdrnjtary, a qukc cmn hë tahks
ks d`iarekìþns hn ja`tkta hks pnssaks departk`tns ne Maccywaah. Ne
snludhk, pnhd qun uek hn ed`mks kssdstn`tns idznssn jkrtþns jae tahks nssks
d`iarekìþns hn ja`tkta n hnd d`åjda ka enu prajnssa.
Cdlund pkrk as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn tahas as lrk`hns nstÿhdas, d`jcud`ha
k Rkrkeau`t, k Hds`ny, k \kr`nr Fras., k ^`dvnrskc, n k Za`y Rdjturns.
^sk`ha ks täj`djks qun kprn`hnrë `a Jkpåtuca @avn, iud jkpkz hn ikckr
 hdrntken`tn `a tncnia`n jae sntn has ;; ekdarns hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hn

Maccywaah. Ne snludhk iud ktrës hn tahks ks lrk`hns klï`jdks n ne snludhk

ja`tktnd as kln`tns qun rnprnsn`tkvke as krtdstks qun sn n`jkdxkrdke fne `as
pkpäds pkrk enu idcen. Auvd rnspastks `nlktdvks := vnzns jae hdinrn`tns
eätahas hn rnondìêa, a ekds jaeue sn`ha ks pkckvrks? –Idjk pkrk k prúxdek,
eks afrdlkha pncas snu ja`tkta―.
N`têa ue hdk rnjnfd ue tncnia`nek hn tkcvnz ue has ekds pahnrasas
kln`tns hn eÿsdjk ne Maccywaah. @kqunck äpajk, a prajurnd parqun ncn nrk a
kln`tn hk Zmk`dk Xwkd`, hk Jncd`n Hda` n hk Ikdtm Mdcc, n`trn autras ‚ oë qun
qukcqunr uek hncks ikrdk uek útdek rnprnsn`tkìêa ha pkpnc prd`jdpkc, k Nedcy
Nvnrs. Ncn hdssn? –Cd snu ratndra n kjmnd qun ä eudta fae. Rrk ikckr k vnrhkhn,
en inz jmarkr―. Nssks iarke ks pkckvrks ekds pahnrasks qun oë auvd `k ed`mk
vdhk.― Ncn ja`td`uau? –Xn`ma k pnssak dhnkc pkrk ikznr a pkpnc hk Nedcy?
CnK`` Vdens.―
Dssa kja`tnjnu oë ikz eudtas k`as, quk`ha k CnK`` haed`kvk ks pkrkhks
hn sujnssa. Kquncn eaen`ta nrk a kuln (par n`quk`ta) hn suk jkrrndrk n nck
nstkvk nsfk`ok`ha papuckrdhkhn.
N`lkslund n sdepcnsen`tn rnpntd jmajkha, –CnK`` Vdens, meee.―
Kjmnd qun ncn mkvdk pn`skha qun nu `êa td`mk lastkha hk dhndk ‚ eks nu
nstkvk kpn`ks ne jmaqun ‚ n`têa ncn prajnhnu k ja`vn`jnr-en parqun snrdk
fae qun k CnK`` idznssn a pkpnc hk Nedcy. N vn`hnu snu krluen`ta hn tkc
iarek, qun n`tn`hd parqun nssn maene ä têa fne-sujnhdha. Xnred`au
hdzn`ha ? –N k \kr`nr Fras. qunr ikznr ue idcen jae nck, par dssa kjma qun
vajï injmkrdk ue kjarha cë. Nu tnrdk suk pnredssêa pkrk eastrkr a ratndra
pkrk k CnK``1―
Hkr ed`mk pnredssêa pkrk k CnK`` cnr a ratndra...1 Muee, hndxn-en
pn`skr. –ZDE, ZDE, ZDE!!!!― K mdstúrdk ja`td`uk. Nck prnjdsau hn ue eïs
pkrk cnr a ratndra, n`quk`ta kpkrnjdk ne tahas as smaws hn prnedkìêa
nxdstn`tns ‚ n nu idjkvk kssdstd`ha k tahas ncns, pn`sk`ha? –Nssk en`d`k nstë
cn`ha a EN^ ratndra klark. [un fërfkra!―
Id`kcen`tn, k CnK`` lastau ha praonta n iaeas â \kr`nr Fras., a`hn ncns
jaeprkrke enu ratndra. Dssa jnrtken`tn `u`jk tnrdk kja`tnjdha jksa nu `êa
tdvnssn sdha tatkcen`tn sdstneëtdja ne jacajkr a ratndra `ks eêas hks ekds
pahnrasks pnssaks hn Maccywaah. Ncks nrke as enus ;22 ekds kcenokhas.
Xnrdk sdha iëjdc sn`tdr-en hnsn`jarkokha n hnsdstdha hnpads hn kclueks
 rnondìþns d`djdkds, paräe ed`mk nxpnrdï`jdk eastrau en qun jae k
hntnred`kìêa n hdsjdpcd`k pkrk ja`td`ukr iajkha `as jcdn`tns patn`jdks ekds

pahnrasas, nu ja`snludrdk injmkr ue kjarha pkrk enu idcen. A nsiarìa has

;22 ekds kcenokhas vn`jn `avken`tn! ^ek hks cdìþns pkrk vajï ä jrdkr k
cdstk, arlk`dzkr suk kfarhklne n `u`jk hnsdstdr.
@êa departk a qun vajï vn`hn, as jcdn`tns ekds kcenokhas nstêa ne kclue
culkr. Zn vajï sn jaepraentn k ek`tnr-sn sneprn ne snu jkepa hn vdsêa,
idjkrë surprnsa jae a quêa iëjdc tuha dssa rnkcen`tn ä. Enus jcdn`tns oë
d`jcuårke ks ekdarns neprnsks ha eu`ha ne suks jkrtndrk hn jcdn`tns. Nssks
neprnsks ikturke $622 fdcmþns par k`a, n k ekds hdiåjdc hncks cnvau snds
ensns pkrk snr pn`ntrkhk. A Jkpåtuca @avn cmn hkrë d`struìþns pkssa k pkssa
hn jaea ja`strudr ue nsiarìa jaepcnta pkrk as ;22 ekds kcenokhas. Eks par
n`quk`ta...

Yn`hks F6J:
Zn vajï vn`hn F6J, prnjdskrë kprn`hnr k nstrktäldk ha encmar fkdrra. 
fkdrra.  Zn
vajï iar ue hn`tdstk, ue ja`tkhar, uek caok hn oadks au ue qudraprëxdja, par
nxnepca, vajï pahn pufcdjkr ue k`ÿ`jda `a oar`kc n kssde kcjk`ìkr k tahas.
(@a Jkpåtuca Zntn, ainrnjnrnd kclueks útdeks dhndks hn jaea ikznr nssns
k`ÿ`jdas a ekds nidjkzns passåvnds.) Eks n`quk`ta vajï nstë ikzn`ha dssa,
vajï pahnrdk ‚ par ue justa eudta en`ar ‚ ikznr uek jkepk`mk hn ekck
hdrntk kpn`ks `a fkdrra a`hn as encmarns ja`suedharns vdvne. A snlrnha ä
ikzï-ca ja`td`uken`tn hn iarek qun vajï ja`struk uek pnrjnpìêa tap-ai-
ed`h `nssns encmarns ja`suedharns.
^e jarrntar hn deúvnds snludu nssn ja`sncma n iajau-sn `k ërnk a`hn vdvd
hurk`tn ;9 k`as jaea snu fkdrra ekds kcenokha. Cë mkvdk 6.622 rnsdhï`jdks
hn jckssn kctk. Xaha eïs nck n`vdkvk uek ekck hdrntk sdepcns jae k cdstklne
hks jksks â vn`hk `a fkdrra n snus prnìas. [uk`ha ä qun vajï prnstk ktn`ìêa
ne ue pk`icnta hnssns1 Kpn`ks quk`ha vajï nstë d`tnrnsskha ne vn`hnr suk
jksk.
[uk`ha nstëvkeas pra`tas pkrk vn`hnr, nck iad k pnssak pkrk qune
cdlkeas. Nssk eucmnr td`mk kcjk`ìkha uek pnrjnpìêa tap-ai-ed`h. Nck sn

jaepraentnu qun ks 6.622 jksks hnstn fkdrra skfnrdke qune nck nrk. A qun
 dssa justk pkrk nck1 Nck n`vdk ue pk`icnta sdepcns, tkek`ma K8 n hafrkha ne
trïs, qun pravkvncen`tn justk $2,92, n`têa nck lkstk ne tar`a hn $;.:62 par

eïs `nstn nsiarìa. Nssks jksks vkrdke n`trn $; k $> edcmþns, n`têa sn nck
ja`snludr kpn`ks ue jcdn`tn par k`a, a justa ä pkla jae iaclk. K jaedssêa
pkrk uek jksk hn $; edcmþns, k > au 9%, ä $>2 edc au $92 edc, ikjdcen`tn
jafrd`ha a justa hn $;> edc qun nck nstë lkstk`ha. Eks nck `êa ja`snlun
kpn`ks ue jcdn`tn par k`a. [uk`ha nck vnda â `assk jksk, nck `as eastrau ue
idjmërda jae tahks ks jksks hn `assa fkdrra ‚ n ka ckha hn eudtas n`hnrnìas
nck mkvdk k`atkha, –vn`hdhk huks vnzns― au –vn`hdhk trïs vnzns―.
Zn vajï vn`hn pkrk ja`suedharns, iaqun-sn ja`sdtn`tnen`tn `as encmarns
fkdrras. N cnefrn-sn hn qun vajï hnvn nstkr hdspasta k ikznr ekds pkrk ktrkå-
cas ha qun ikrdk par ja`suedharns jaeu`s. Zneprn hï kcla, ikìk eudtks
ainrtks ktrkn`tns pkrk nstdeucë-cas k fktnr ne suk partk. ^ek vnz qun nstnoke
cë, a qun vajï pahn ikznr pkrk rntï-cas1 Ne frnvn, vnrneas ekds safrn ne
autras jkpåtucas pkrk kouhë-ca k cnvkr nssk nstrktäldk k jkfa.

Kidcdkhas Ekds Kcenokhas

As kidcdkhas ekds kcenokhas 
kcenokhas  sêa autrk nxjncn`tn nstrktäldk hn jrnsjden`ta.
Nxdstn kcluek neprnsk qun pahnrdk ikznr uek pkrjnrdk jae vajï pkrk
iar`njnr-cmn ekds `nlújdas qun vajï hkrdk ja`tk1 A Oky Kfrkmke en n`sd`au
k nstrktäldk hn ekrgntd`l hn kidcdkhas.
kidcdkhas. [une ä qun vn`hn k nxktken`tn a
ensea jcdn`tn qun vajï qunr kcjk`ìkr, eks `êa vn`hn a ensea tdpa hn
prahuta au snrvdìa1 Kqud nstë uek –nstrktäldk hn kidcdkhas― qun nu
jastuekvk uskr pkrk ja`snludr jn`tn`ks hn jcdn`tns hn uek sú vnz. A Mkrv
Ngnr (kutar hn Znlrnhas hk En`tn Edcda`ërdk)
Edcda`ërdk) ainrnjn pralrkeks hn
trnd`ken`ta qun jaepcnen`tke eks `êa ja`jarrne jae as `assas.
Injmkeas ue kjarha a`hn ainrnjnråkeas ue hn snus pralrkeks jaea ue
fø`us quk`ha ks pnssaks jaeprkssne ue has `assas pralrkeks. Jaea k
ekdardk hn `assas prahutas ä vn`hdhk kas ha`as hn neprnsks, a Mkrv idjau
fkstk`tn sktdsindta jae k dhndk hn snr praeavdha par `ús pkrk tahas `assas
jcdn`tns. Ka id`kc hn `assks pkcnstrks tk`ta prnsn`jdkds quk`ta a`cd`n, pauja
k`tns hn ikznreas a injmken`ta, eastrkeas trïs scdhns ikck`ha safrn a Mkrv
n a quêa frdcmk`tn n vkcdasas nrke snus pralrkeks. Ne snludhk klrnlkeas
vkcar kas snus pralrkeks, eastrk`ha qukc snrdk a justa. N, n`têa, ka hkreas
 `assa prnìa, d`iarekeas qun sn jaeprkssne `assa pralrkek, a pralrkek ha

Mkrv snrdk uek jartnsdk.

Dssa ktn`hn k tahas. Ncn ä nxpasta hn uek útdek ek`ndrk pkrk uek cdstk
tatkcen`tn `avk hn jcdn`tns n `ús lk`mkeas ue hn snus pralrkeks jaea ue
fø`us pkrk d`huzdr ekds vn`hks. Kcäe hdssa, a Mkrv `as praeavnu `a snu
fk`ja hn hkhas pkrk rnjnfnr uek pkrtdjdpkìêa has cujras. Kssde jaea a Xae
Mapgd`s, kutar hn Maw
hn  Maw ta Ekstnr tmn Krt ai Znccd`l,
Znccd`l, a Frdk` Xrkjy, kutar hn
Xmn Rsyjmacaly ai Kjmdnvnen`t , n a Oky Cnvd`sa`, kutar hn jnrjk hn >9
cdvras, d`jcud`ha tahas as cdvras hk särdk  Ekrgntd`l hn Lunrrdcmk.
Lunrrdcmk. Nssns
kidcdkhas `as kouhkrke k ja`qudstkr edcmkrns hn `avas jcdn`tns n edcmþns hn
deprnssþns pasdtdvks pkrk jcdn`tns patn`jdkds, n tuha ne tnepa rnjarhn. N
idzneas a ensea par ncns.
Ekrgntd`l hn kidcdkhas sdl`didjk qun vajï taek vk`tklne ha fae
rnckjda`ken`ta hn kcluäe. Dssa ä eudta ekds nja`øedja qun tn`tkr khqudrdr
ue jcdn`tn sazd`ma. As kidcdkhas ekds kcenokhas pahne kuen`tkr suks
vn`hks rkhdjkcen`tn hk `adtn pkrk a hdk7 partk`ta, vajï pahn sn hkr ka cuxa
hn jaepkrtdcmkr ln`nrasken`tn jae ncns. @ús jacajkeas jaenrjdkds `a rëhda
`a kr tahk snek`k pkrk ktrkdr kpn`ks 92 ha`as hn `nlújdas pkrk kclue hn
`assas neprnn`hden`tas. [uk`ha a Oky Cnvd`sa` nsjrnvnu uek jkrtk n uek
iartn rnjaen`hkìêa pkrk snus jcdn`tns, aftdvneas 8>2 cdlkìþns ne ue ÿ`dja
hdk.
[uk`ha a Oky Kfrkmke en praeavnu pkrk suk cdstk pnck prdendrk vnz,
vn`hneas $6,: edcmþns ne prahutas ne :2 hdks. A justa hn vn`hnr nssk
quk`tdhkhn hn prahutas nrk kpn`ks ue häjdea ha vkcar usukc. A Oky rnjnfnu
uek parìêa ln`nrask hk rnjndtk n `ús hads idjkeas eudta sktdsindtas.
Yajï pahnrdk prajurkr kcluek neprnsk qun tn`mk as ja`suedharns dhnkds
pkrk vajï n injmkr ue kjarha a`hn ncns a kouhkrêa k vn`hnr snus prahutas
ekds rkpdhken`tn1 Xahks ks lrk`hns neprnsks tïe rnckjda`ken`tas jaea
nssn. Zn vajï vakr pnck ^`dtnh Kdrcd`ns, lk`mkrë pa`tas `a Mdcta` Matncs.
Ja`mnìa uek neprnsk prd`jdpdk`tn qun vn`hn saitwkrn qun ja`vn`jnu uek
neprnsk fne nstkfncnjdhk hn saitwkrn k hdstrdfudr uek keastrk hn snu
prahuta jaea ue fø`us pkrk tahas snus jcdn`tns. K neprnsk hn saitwkrn fne
nstkfncnjdhk idjau eudta k`dekhk ne pahnr ainrnjnr ue fø`us hn $; edc n k
neprnsk hn saitwkrn prd`jdpdk`tn khqudrdu edc `avas jcdn`tns ne pauja ekds
hn ue hdk.
 Më uek neprnsk jmkekhk www.Rra6Rra@ntwarg.jae 
www.Rra6Rra@ntwarg.jae  qun kln`hk
rnu`dþns n`trn qudraprëtdjas, hn`tdstks, aitkceacaldstks n ja`suctarns

id`k`jndras n autras praidssda`kds hn suk jaeu`dhkhn qun passke ainrnjnr

d`hdjkìþns. As qudraprëtdjas n`ja`trke-sn jae eähdjas pkrk ja`tkr-cmns
safrn snu trkfkcma. Xkefäe sn rnÿ`ne jae as khvalkhas qun nstnoke
cdhk`ha jae våtdeks hn kjdhn`tns n kouhke nssns jcdn`tns k rnjnfnr a judhkha
qun prnjdske. As ja`suctarns id`k`jndras n`ja`trke-sn jae ja`tkharns qun
tn`mke jcdn`tns hn kctk rn`hk n ntj. K qunstêa ä qun ekrgntd`l hn kidcdkhas ä
uek ek`ndrk eudta ekds rëpdhk qun uek prapklk`hk, ekck hdrntk au autrks
iareks trkhdjda`kds hn khqudrdr cnkhs. Xn`ha dssa ne en`tn, a qun snrdk
`njnssërda pkrk khqudrdr as kidcdkhas dhnkds1 Cnvnd hads k`as pkrk ja`vn`jnr a
Oky Kfrkmke, eks ncn vkcnu jkhk tncnia`nek, jkhk jkrtk n jkhk kfarhklne.
Xkcvnz hnearn kclue tnepa, eks `êa nxdstn enrjkha `a eu`ha qun `êa
passk snr pn`ntrkha sn vajï iar jaepraentdha n hdspasta k ikznr kcla rnluckr
n ja`sdstn`tnen`tn. Hurk`tn taha enu tnepa hn trkfkcma `a jkepa hn
fktkcmk, nu sdepcnsen`tn nsjacmdk as jcdn`tns qun qunrdk n dk ktrës hncns jae
ue ekrgntd`l ja`stk`tn. Nu –hnjdhdk― qun ncns snrdke enus jcdn`tns n sú
hnpads jarrdk ktrës hncns ktä ja`qudstë-cas.

 Nxnrjåjda
Rrdendra, rnsnrvn jd`ja ed`utas pkrk jrdkr ue rnsuea ha pnridc hn
snu ja`suedhar dhnkc au fkdrra dhnkc ne irksns jurtks n ne nstdca hn
cdstk. Rn`sn safrn hkhas nspnjåidjas, jaea k rn`hk au tkek`ma hk
neprnsk
vn`hk. (sn nck vn`hn F6F), cajkcdzkìêa, tkek`ma n irnquï`jdk hk
Ne snludhk, cdstn snus kidcdkhas, pkrjndras au ia`tns hn cnkh
dhnkds. @a Jkpåtuca @avn, `ús nstruturkrneas snus nsiarìas pkrk as
;22 Ekds Kcenokhas n vajï pahnrë pnrsa`kcdzë-ca pkrk qun sn
n`jkdxn âs suks `njnssdhkhns.

Ykcar Ydtkcåjda hn ue Jcdn`tn

 ^ek vnz qun vajï tne ue au ekds jcdn`tns kcenokhas, a qun vajï ikrë pkrk
ek`tï-cas1 Jaea snrë snu iaccaw-up1 [un tdpa hn snrvdìa nspnjdkc vajï

iar`njnrë pkrk nssns jcdn`tns têa nspnjdkds1

Xrkfkcmnd jae uek neprnsk qun passuåk uek jkhndk hn rnstkurk`tns hn
kcta `åvnc. Kja`sncmnd-as k ja`trktkr vërdas oavn`s hn jacnldkc pkrk fktnr â
partk hn tahks ks jksks hn jckssn kctk ha fkdrra jae a snlud`tn ratndra? –Acë.
Xrkfkcma pkrk a Vnstkurk`tn ]T_. Nstkeas ikzn`ha uek jkepk`mk nspnjdkc
`nstn eaen`ta pkrk tar`kr pnssaks jaea vajï ne `assas jcdn`tns. Hn ikta,
lastkråkeas hn ainrnjnr-cmn ue ok`tkr ne `assa rnstkurk`tn jaea uek
ek`ndrk hn hkr a encmar hn `assk jaedhk―. As oavn`s n`têa cmns n`trnlkvke
ue vkcn pkrk ue ok`tkr jartnsdk. Autras idznrke a ensea jae uek
kfarhklne –Jaeprn ^e n Lk`mn ^e― pkrk kssnlurkr-sn hn qun cnvkrdke
kcluäe ja`sdla. [uk`ha kcluäe kpkrnjdk jae ue hnssns vkcns, a rnstkurk`tn
trktkvk nssks pnssaks jaea sn iassne ja`vdhkhas hn ma`rk. A lnrn`tn ha
rnstkurk`tn sn kprnsn`tkvk pnssakcen`tn n ikzdk k pnssak sn`tdr-sn nspnjdkc.
[une qunr dr k ue rnstkurk`tn a`hn vajï ä trktkha jaea tahas quk`ha vajï
pahn dr k ue rnstkurk`tn a`hn vajï ä trktkha jaea ue rnd1―
^sk`ha nu ensea jaea nxnepca, vnokeas qukc pahn snr a vkcar vdtkcåjda
hn ue jcdn`tn. Nu jaea iark quktra au ktä jd`ja vnzns par snek`k. Irnqun`ta
rnstkurk`tns `as qukds trnd`nd as iu`jda`ërdas k trktkr-en jaea a –jcdn`tn
irnqun`tn― qun sau. Jnrtdidja-en qun en ja`mnjne n qun sau ue fae
jcdn`tn. Oë qun qunra uek ensk rnsnrvkhk n a encmar snrvdìa, hau faks
larontks. Ktä hau larontks hn $622 k $:22 ka lnrn`tn ha enu rnstkurk`tn
ikvardta. Zn jaea ne ue rnstkurk`tn kpn`ks uek vnz par snek`k, lkstk`ha
ekds hn $;22 k jkhk vnz, n vau cë më jd`ja k`as, enu vkcar pkrk nssn
rnstkurk`tn ä ekds hn $6> edc. Zn vajï iar ha`a hn ue rnstkurk`tn, as snus
lkrìa`s trktke as jcdn`tns jaea sn vkcnssne $6> edc ne `nlújdas au jaea
sn vkcnssne as $6> hk rnindìêa qun nstêa jaen`ha `kquncn hdk1

 Nxnrjåjda
Jaea vajï trktkrë snus encmarns jcdn`tns quk`ha ncns jaeprkrne
kcla hn vajï1 A qun vajï pahnrë ikznr hn nspnjdkc qun vajï `êa
ikrdk pkrk as autras jcdn`tns1 ^ek caok hn oadks a`hn lkstnd ekds hn
$;22 edc ka ca`la has k`as en hë 6> % hn hnsja`ta n arlk`dzk
 $;22 edc ka ca`la has k`as en hë 6> % hn hnsja`ta n arlk`dzk
inssks k jcdn`tns jaea nu, qun lkstke eudta cë. Nsjrnvk ks trïs

jadsks qun vajï pahnrdk ikznr pncas snus encmarns jcdn`tns pkrk qun
ja`td`une sn`td`ha-sn nspnjdkds.

A Rahnr hks D`hdjkìþns

Eks n sn vajï vn`hnr dtn`s qun sêa fne hurëvnds au vn`hnr jae uek
irnquï`jdk eudta fkdxk, jaea fkrjas, jkrras n jksks1 Ks neprnsks hn jkrras
tïe sn tar`kha fkstk`tn n`ln`masas ka tn`tkr rntnr k idhncdhkhn â ekrjk. ^ek
ja`jnssda`ërdk hk qukc jaeprkeas eudtks vnzns passud ue pralrkek prä-
pkla hn ek`utn`ìêa. Nck ainrnjn ue pkjatn jae prnìas têa d`jråvnds quk`ha
vajï pklk ks ek`utn`ìþns khdk`tkhks qun vajï hnid`dtdvken`tn prninrdrë
ikznr ks trajks hn úcna n ktä has p`nus cë ensea. K jarrntark qun mkvdk `as
vn`hdha
qukds nckktkefäe
jksk iad kouhau.
têa fak Nssn
qun hnshn
cdvra n`têa
`êa snk iajkrë
d`hdqund
nek d`hdjkìþns
autrks trïs pnssaks,
par sd súks
‚ 
ncks sêa têa departk`tns qun nu hnvnrdk hnhdjkr ue jkpåtuca d`tndra k ncks ‚ 
eks qunra n`iktdzkr qun vajï hnvnrdk tnr ue afontdva nstrktäldja nspnjåidja
pkrk rnjnfnr d`hdjkìþns. N vajï pahn ktä kuen`tkr a patn`jdkc hnssks
d`hdjkìþns ainrnjn`ha d`jn`tdvas kas snus ja`suedharns ktukds quk`ha ncns
cmn d`hdjkrne pkrk autras.

Ja`jcusêa
K nstrktäldk has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas hafrau ks vn`hks hn eudtas jcdn`tns n
pahnrë iu`jda`kr pkrk vajï. Yajï kpn`ks prnjdsk tnr k afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n
hntnred`kìêa pkrk jrdkr ue nxjncn`tn pralrkek has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas
snlud-ca â rdsjk.
 QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 
; Fusd`nss ta Fusd`nss? jaeärjda ncntrø`dja kssajdkhak apnrkìþns hn jaeprk
n vn`hk hn d`iarekìþns, prahutas n snrvdìas pnck D`tnr`nt au utdcdzk`ha rnhns
prdvkhks prtdmkhas n`trn pkrjndras hn `nlújdas ( ia`tn? wdgdpähdk).
6
  K Jk`ìêa hn Nedcy
:  Fusd`nss
ta Ja`suenr? rnckìêa jaenrjdkc n`trn neprnsk n ja`suedhar,

jaea partkds hn vn`hk vdk d`tnr`nt.

 

As Zntn Ncnen`tas Nssn`jdkds hn Ekrgntd`l

Xurfd`n Jkhk Kspnjta hn Znus Nsiarìas Iu`hken`tkds hn
Ekrgntd`l

K`tns qun vajï passk aftnr uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , jkhk
kspnjta hn snu `nlújda hnvn iu`jda`kr jae uek prnjdsêa kidkhk, n dssa d`jcud
snu ekrgntd`l. Ja`sdhnrn dssa jaea sn iassn uek jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha hn
$>2 edcmþns n`sd`k`ha-cmn `êa sú safrn ks `njnssdhkhns kfsacutks ha
ekrgntd`l eks tkefäe jaea usë-cks jaea pkrtn hnssk eëqud`k. Zn vajï

jrdkr kquncn[uktra,
Jkpåtuca ratndra hn nstëhda
tahks suksau krluen`ta
kreks hn prd`jdpkc
ekrgntd`ljaea iad hntkcmkha
iu`jda`krêa `a
ekds
nidjkzen`tn n jaea ue pncatêa iarekha. Kqud nstë a qun jmkea hn As Zntn
 Ncnen`tas Nssn`jdkds ha Ekrgntd`l.
Ekrgntd`l. Xahk neprnsk qun qudsnr snr a `ÿenra
ue ne d`hÿstrdk au praidssêa hnvnrë rnkcdzë-cas nstrktnldjken`tn?

;. Rrapklk`hk
6. Ekck hdrntk
:. Cdtnrkturk Jarparktdvk? pk`icntas n iacmntas praeajda`kds
8. Vnckìþns pÿfcdjks
>.
9. Ja`tktas pnssakds? vn`hnharns nhaktn`hden`ta
Nhujkìêa/iarekìêa/d`iarekr enrjkha? kaindrks
ja`suedhar
neprnskrdkds,
kprnsn`tkìþns d`tnrktdvks n ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva (jaea hnsjrdta `a
Jkpåtuca [uktra)
<. D`tnr`nt? pëld`ks hn D`tnr`nt, nsiarìas hn n-ekdc n ekrgntd`l hn
kidcdkhas.

K ekdardk hks lrk`hns neprnsks oë rnkcdzk tahas nssns dtn`s, eks eudtks
vnzns k irnquï`jdk jae k qukc ks rnkcdzke pahn snr rkhdjkcen`tn encmarkhk.
Ne neprnsks pnqun`ks, tkcvnz `êa snok passåvnc depcnen`tkr tahas as dtn`s,
 par
ekdardssa snrdk `njnssërda
depkjta pnca en`arnsjacmnr k hnha
justa. Nssn qukdsprdendra
jkpåtuca inrrken`tks iar`njnrêa
cmn eastrkrë jaeaa
atdedzkr jkhk uek hnssks inrrken`tks snpkrkhken`tn n k snludr jaea

jaarhn`ë-cks ou`tks pkrk iu`jda`krne jaea ue pncatêa iarekha.

@arekcen`tn `ata qun ks neprnsks qun oë uske tahks ks sntn kreks hn
ekrgntd`l, trktke jkhk uek hncks jaea uek pnqun`k dcmk. Dssa kja`tnjn
nspnjdkcen`tn ne neprnsks lrk`hns, a`hn eudtks vnzns `êa më uek sd`nrldk
n`trn as jaenrjdkds, as pk`icntas, a tnek hks suks indrks neprnskrdkds, as
nsiarìas hn ekck hdrntk, k ktdvdhkhn hn VR, a trkfkcma hk nqudpn hn vn`hks n
as nsiarìas `k D`tnr`nt. Yajï pahn ktä kjmkr
kjmkr qun
 qun nxdstn uek sd`nrldk au, `a
eå`dea, ue –caag― u`diaren pkrk taha snu ekrgntd`l, eks nssn jkpåtuca cmn
eastrkrë jaea kuen`tkr snu patn`jdkc kd`hk ekds.
Eudtks vnzns a pnssakc hn VR ea`tk ue cd`ha ëcfue hn iatas jae tahas as
jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk qun kpkrnjnrke ne vërdas oar`kds n rnvdstks.
[uk`ha a pnssakc hn VR arlucmasken`tn en eastrk nxnepcas hn snus indtas,
`arekcen`tn rnspa`ha? –Ed`mk `assk. Nssn ä ue útdea krtdla. Eastrk as
eudtas fn`niåjdas hn ikznr `nlújdas jae suk neprnsk. As vn`hnharns kcluek
vnz oë uskrke dssa jaea uek inrrken`tk hn vn`hks1― Rnck nxprnssêa `as
rastas hn quksn tahas as d`tnlrk`tns hn VR k qune nu hdla dssa, passa d`tudr
qun as vn`hnharns `u`jk vdrke nssn ektnrdkc n qun rnjnfnrêa nssn krtdla
ed`utas hnpads hn nu hndxkr k rnu`dêa.
Kcäe hdssa, nssns enseas krtdlas pahne snr pahnrasas ka snrne uskhas
jaea uek ekck hdrntk au ne indrks neprnskrdks, eks tkcvnz `d`luäe nstnok
jaarhn`k`ha nssns nsiarìas. Autra nxnepca hnssk ikctk hn jaarhn`kìêa surln
quk`ha a hnpkrtken`ta hn ekrgntd`l jrdk ue pk`icnta sne pnrlu`tkr pkrk as
vn`hnharns qun hdjks hn vn`hks tar`krdke a pk`icnta ne uek pnìk hn
jaeu`djkìêa ekds nidjkz. Vnsued`ha, nssks kreks hn ekrgntd`l `êa nstêa
trkfkcmk`ha ou`tks jaea ue ktkqun kctken`tn nstrktäldja n arlk`dzkha. Eks
quk`ha a ikzne, iu`jda`ke ekds nidjkzen`tn jaea uek pkrtn d`tnlrk`tn
hnssk eëqud`k. Nu jmkea dssa hn ekrgntd`l u`didjkha.
u`didjkha. Dssa n`vacvn uek
jaarhn`kìêa hn tahks suks kreks hn ekrgntd`l iu`jda`k`ha ou`tks ne vnz hn
en`skln`s vkrdkhks n ja`icdtk`tns vd`ha hn jkhk krek dsackhk. Jae a
ekrgntd`l u`didjkha, vajï hnsn`vacvn en`skln`s, a –caag―, tneks n scalk`s
ja`sdstn`tns qun pnrendke tahas as kspnjtas hn snus nsiarìas hn ekrgntd`l.
Kcäe hdssa, snu ratndra prd`jdpkc au snu ratndra hn nstëhda pravdhn`jdkrêa
hkhas qun ikrêa suks kreks hn ekrgntd`l dr ekds ca`ln. @a jksa hk neprnsk
 hn cdepnzk
pk`icnta, hn jkrpntns,
jaenrjdkds a ha`ajaenrjdkds
hn rëhda, jacajau tahas
hn XYasn hkhas ha ja`vnrsk.
ne jkhk NRK ne snuAs
hkhas hn ekrgntd`l (oë qun sêa ekds eatdvkjda`kds qun as hkhas hn prahuta)

klark haed`ke tahks nssks kreks hn ekrgntd`l. Â enhdhk qun `as

patn`jdkcdzkeas jkhk ue has Zntn Ncnen`tas Nssn`jdkds hn Ekrgntd`l,
ja`td`un pn`sk`ha safrn jaea vajï pahnrdk uskr as hkhas n ja`jndtas hn
enrjkha hn snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc au ratndra hn nstëhda.

Krek hn Ekrgntd`l ;? Rrapklk`hk

Zn vajï pahn hdspa`dfdcdzkr a arìken`ta pkrk k prapklk`hk, nck tne a
kcjk`jn ekds kepca n jrdk k ekdar pnrjnpìêa tap-ai-ed`h. [uk`ha trkfkcmnd
pkrk a Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr, ja`huzd ue nstuha hn quktra k`as safrn qukds tdpas
hn prapklk`hk rnjnfdke k ekdar rnspastk. Yactk n endk pnrjnfåkeas qun ue
jaenrjdkc ktrkdk ;2 vnzns ekds rnspastks qun autras jaenrjdkds hn prahutas
sdedckrns
snludke uek`k ensek rnvdstk.
iúreuck D`vkrdkvncen`tn,
nspnjåidjk. tahasd`sdlmt,
^sk`ha nssn as encmarns jaenrjdkds
jaenjnd k jrdkr
jaenrjdkds qun kouhkvke `assas jcdn`tns k ktrkdr uek quk`tdhkhn eudta ekdar
hn rnspastks. Ka ca`la has k`as, jrdnd ekds hn >22 jkepk`mks hn prapklk`hk
n, hnvdha â jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha hn snu nstuha, ek`tdvn ue rk`gd`l fkstk`tn
ja`sdstn`tn hn`trn as k`ÿ`jdas hn rnvdstks qun ktrkdke a ekdar `ÿenra hn
rnspastks.
Më quktra rnlrks pkrk k jrdkìêa hn prapklk`hk qun lnrk ue kcta `åvnc hn
rnspastks?

 Vnlrk ;? Hnvn snr snr Hdinrn`jdkha

K prdendrk jadsk ekds departk`tn safrn snu jaenrjdkc ä sn jmkek k ktn`ìêa
au `êa. As jaenrjdkds qun lnrke a ekdar `ÿenra hn rnspastks ktrkne a acmkr
n prn`hne suk ktn`ìêa. Hnvn mkvnr kcla `a k`ÿ`jda qun snok hdinrn`jdkha n
rnkcen`tn jmkektdva. Cnefra-en hn ue k`ÿ`jda `k rnvdstk hn uek cd`mk
kärnk qun eastrkvk ue rkpkz acmk`ha pnck cn`tn hk suk jæenrk n ktrës hncn
mkvdk hads vncajdrkptars pra`tas pkrk ktkjkr. Kqudca en hndxau pkrkcdskha.
Autra k`ÿ`jda qun idjau lrkvkha ne ed`mk en`tn iad pkrk uek idrek hn
hnsdl` lrëidja. Nrk uek iata hn ue fk`ha hn znfrks n uek hncks td`mk cdstrks
hn tahks ks jarns, jaea ue racd`ma hks fkcks jacardhks CdinZkvnrs ‚ cë nstkvk
 nck, ja`trk ue iu`ha hn znfrks prnta n frk`jks. A tdtuca tkefäe nrk útdea?
–@k sncvk jarparktdvk, k dhn`tdhkhn ä tuha―. D`tncdln`tn, hdinrn`jdkha. Eks

ikckrneas safrn as tåtucas ne frnvn. N`têa, k prdendrk pnrlu`tk ä? A qun vajï

pahn ikznr pkrk jmkekr k ktn`ìêa1
Ikcneas safrn k tncnvdsêa par ue eaen`ta. Xahas skfneas qun k ekdardk
hks pnssaks `a eå`dea tdrk a vacuen hk tncnvdsêa `k mark has jaenrjdkds, sn
ä qun `êa kpnrtne a fatêa hn kvk`ìa rëpdha jksa tn`mke XdYa au HYV. Dssa
hnskidk as k`u`jdk`tns hn tncnvdsêa k snrne jrdktdvas, k hnsn`vacvnr
jaenrjdkds qun pkrkcdsne a nspnjtkhar. Ncns prnjdske hn k`ÿ`jdas qun snoke
têa d`trdlk`tns qun vajï snrë tn`tkha k cdlkr a sae pkrk auvdr k ikck qun
kjaepk`mk ks fdzkrrks dekln`s `k tnck. Au k`ÿ`jdas qun, n`quk`ta nstêa `a
kvk`ìa rëpdha, ikzne vajï pkuskr n ikznr ue rntrajnssa rëpdha pkrk vnr a qun
as k`ÿ`jdas hdzne.
@k äpajk ne qun nu nsjrnvdk nssn cdvra, mkvdk uek jkepk`mk hk Lkp qun
hnstkjk k Kuhrny Mnpfur` usk`ha jkcìks sgd``y prntks n hk`ìk`ha ka sae ha
KJ/HJ hn jn`ks hn snu idcen Jd`hnrnck ne Rkrds ka
Rkrds ka iu`ha. Nssn k`ÿ`jda ä
jmkektdva. As k`ÿ`jdas hk Ydjtardk—s Znjrnt tkefäe sêa jmkektdvas, jae
eucmnrns vacupdasks ne pasns pravajktdvks, n`iktdzk`ha a raek`jn au a snx
kppnkc hk deklne qun k caok tn`tk jrdkr. @a n`tk`ta, `êa nxdstne tk`tas
k`ÿ`jdas hn tncnvdsêa qun `as ikìke pkrkr n kssdstdr, au pnca en`as qun `as
hndxne jurdasas safrn a ja`tnÿha qun kjaepk`mk ks dekln`s qun nstêa `a
kvk`ìa rëpdha. Xahk neprnsk qun usk k tncnvdsêa hnvn pkrkr n ikznr-sn nssks
hdiåjnds pnrlu`tks? Jaea pahneas snr hdinrn`jdkhas1 A qun pahneas ikznr
pkrk snr jmkektdvas n hndxkr ks pnssaks pkrkcdskhks1

 Vnlrk 6? Jkpturn k Ktn`ìêa jae ue Xåtuca Fnrrk`tn

Yactneas kas deprnssas. As k`ÿ`jdas ekds nidjkzns tïe uek en`sklne
qun snlun nssk departk`tn rnlrk? –Hdlk-en a qun vajï qunr en hdznr ne :,6
snlu`has―. K en`sklne hnvnrdk hkr ue fn`nidjda n iajkr-sn `a jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc usk`ha –vajï― au –snu― ne vnz hn iajkr-sn `a k`u`jdk`tn usk`ha k
pkckvrk –`ús―. Hnvnrdk jaeu`djkr suk en`sklne hn iarek denhdktk n
d`icun`jdkr a cndtar k qunrnr ja`td`ukr cn`ha pkrk khqudrdr ekds d`iarekìþns.
Idja surprnsa quk`ha vnoa neprnsks lkstkrne $;22 edc pkrk kpkrnjnr ne
uek rnvdstk `kjda`kc n a cndtar kd`hk prnjdsn hnjdirkr a qun a k`ÿ`jda nstë
vn`hn`ha.
 Nu oë `a
k`ÿ`jdas tdvnIarfns,
jcdn`tns qun d`vnstdrke
Iartu`n, ekds
n ne autrks hn ue
rnvdstks edcmêa hn
hn `nlújdas húckrns ne
praned`n`tns.
Rar nxnepca, mkvdk ue k`ÿ`jda jae uek iata hn ue nxnjutdva pn`sk`ha

safrn kcla n k en`sklne nrk vklk, kcla jaea –Rn`sken`tas Zêa Jadsks―. Ha
qun sn trktk nssn k`ÿ`jda1 @êa sn pahn tnr k en`ar dhndk. A pdar ä qun a
jarpa ha k`ÿ`jda `êa kouhkvk k nsjckrnjnr `khk. Nssk neprnsk ainrnjdk
sdstneks hn tnj`acaldk kvk`ìkhks, eks nrk prnjdsa eudta nsiarìa pkrk
ja`snludr n`tn`hnr dssa sú hn cnr a k`ÿ`jda. Eks n sn a tåtuca iassn? –Znu
iutura nstë ne pnrdla ka en`as qun vajï cndk nssk departk`tn afsnrvkìêa1―
Ktä dssa ä ue pauja vkla, eks nstë `k hdrnìêa jnrtk. Eks kd`hk ekds
afontdva, a tåtuca hnvnrdk snr nspnjåidja? –K D`tnr`nt nstë rniareuck`ha `assa
eu`ha n vajï nstkrë ne prafcneks sn nstdvnr ktrës hk jurvk hn kprn`hdzkha
ne vnz hn nstkr k irn`tn hnck―. Klark, oaluneas ue –fn`niåjda― k rnjndtk n
vnokeas jaea a k`ÿ`jda tar`kr-sn-ë kd`hk ekds ktrkn`tn? –K D`tnr`nt nstë
jrdk`ha as cåhnrns hn kek`mê, as qukds nstkrêa jkpkjdtkhas jae ks encmarns
ek`ndrks okekds vdstks hn jkpturkr n d`tnrkldr jae jcdn`tns―. A fn`niåjda ä –ks
encmarns ek`ndrks okekds vdstks hn jkpturkr n d`tnrkldr jae jcdn`tns―.
Au kqud nstë kcla ktä ekds iartn? –Yajï lastkrdk hn jkpturkr trïs vnzns ekds
jcdn`tns n rntï-cas jae tk`tk snlurk`ìk hn iarek qun `d`luäe ja`snludssn
tdrë-cas hn vajï1― Dssa tnrdk trkzdha ekds cnkhs qun kcluäe pahnrdk hkr ja`tk.
Ne vnz hdssa, ncns tarrkrke ue edcmêa `a qun jmkeke hn –k`ÿ`jda hn
deklne―. Ja`trktkrke-en pkrk kouhkr snus vn`hnharns k jmkekr ekds
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds, eks `k vnrhkhn a prafcnek nrk qun ncns nstkvke
hnspnrhdìk`ha $; edcmêa ne k`ÿ`jdas qun `êa hdzdke `khk `ne ktrkdke ue
ÿ`dja cnkh. Nu tn`tnd, jae eudta tkta, hdsjutdr safrn as k`ÿ`jdas jae a
hdrntar hn k`ÿ`jdas hk neprnsk, jae k nspnrk`ìk hn ktrkdr edcmkrns hn cnkhs â
sairdhk nqudpn hn vn`hks. [uk`ha pnrlu`tnd ka hdrntar sn ncn mkvdk aftdha
kcluek rnspastk pkrk kquncns k`ÿ`jdas, ncn en hdssn qun ncns `êa iarke
jrdkhas jae k d`tn`ìêa hn aftnr rnspastks. N`têa pnrlu`tnd k ncn qukc nrk suk
idcasaidk par trës has k`ÿ`jdas, n ncn hdssn qun k jkepk`mk iad jrdkhk pkrk
hdvuclkr k ekrjk. Eks quk`ha pnrlu`tnd sn nstkvk iu`jda`k`ha, ncn `êa saufn
en rnspa`hnr.
Nssn tdpa hn nstrktäldk en hndxk cauja. K`ÿ`jdas fne hnsn`vacvdhas
ktrkne cnkhs jaea ëluk. Ncns prnjdske snr ja`vd`jn`tns. K prapklk`hk ä ue
enda hn klrnlkr pahnr k tuha qun vajï ikz. Nu irnqun`tnen`tn rnidra-en k
k`ÿ`jdas jaea –faefks hn ca`la kcjk`jn― parqun ncks prnpkrke a jked`ma
 ktäXn`ha
a enrjkha
hdta k`tns
dssa, hks trapksneprnsks
kclueks snrne n`vdkhks.
uske k`ÿ`jdas kpn`ks pkrk ek`tnr,
pratnlnr n kuen`tkr k kfrk`lï`jdk hn suk ekrjk. ^e jaenrjdkc hk Jajk au

hk Rnpsd, par nxnepca, tkcvnz `êa snok jrdkha nspnjdidjken`tn pkrk aftnr
rnspastks hdrntks. Kqud k neprnsk nstë prapklk`ha suk ekrjk n hnvn prnstkr
ktn`ìêa k prdendrk rnlrk hn uek útdek prapklk`hk? snr hdinrn`jdkha.
Afvdken`tn, a nxnepca kjdek ä pkrk kquncns d`tnrnsskhas ne aftnr cnkhs hn
snus k`ÿ`jdas.
 Vnlrk :? Hnpads [un Znu Xåtuca Rrn`hn Zuk Ktn`ìêa, A Jarpa
 Hnvn D`stdlë-cas k Ja`td`ukr Cn`ha
Rrdendra, a jarpa ha k`ÿ`jda hnvn iajkr-sn ne snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, `êa
ne vajï. A ekdar nrra qun as k`u`jdk`tns jaentne ä iajkr-sn ne sd enseas.
Nstau trkfkcmk`ha jae uek neprnsk qun ikz eudtk prapklk`hk. Xaha
k`ÿ`jda qun ncns en ek`hke pkrk rnvdskr nstë iajkha `ncns ne vnz hn `a
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Zneprn. N, tahk vnz nu jmkea ktn`ìêa k dssa n eastra-cmns
k jaea iajkr ne snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. N, tahk vnz, a nxnjutdva jae qune
nstau trkfkcmk`ha hdz? –Enu Hnus, vajï nstkvk jnrta. Dssa rnkcen`tn ä ekds
iartn―. N n`têa, ue eïs hnpads quk`ha nstë `k mark hn ikznr ue `ava
k`ÿ`jda, kcd vne ncn `avken`tn, a k`ÿ`jda iajkha `ncns enseas ne vnz hn
`a jcdn`tn.
Ne snludhk, jkhk irksn hnvnrdk hnsvn`hkr k ―mdstúrdk― qun vajï qunr ja`tkr
n ikznr a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc sn`tdr va`tkhn hn ja`td`ukr k cndturk. Kssde jaea a
tåtuca, a jarpa hnvnrdk snr ardn`tkha k fn`niåjdas. @êa en hdlk a qun ä.
qun ä. Hdlk-
en parqun
en  parqun ä
 ä têa vkcdasa.

 Vnlrk 8? D`jcuk ue Jmkekha â Kìêa

^ek rkzêa pkrk kldr klark ä sneprn uek útdek dhndk? –Cdlun klark pkrk
ue rncktúrda lrëtds (rnstke kpn`ks ;22)―. –As prdendras ;22 qun cdlkrne
rnjnfnrêa ue fø`us `a vkcar hn $]]]―. Autrk hnsjafnrtk qun idzneas jae
`assas tnstns hn prapklk`hks deprnssks en surprnn`hnrke? ue jupae `a
jk`ta d`inrdar hdrndta hk pëld`k rnkcen`tn kuen`tk a `ÿenra hn rnspastks.
Rahn snr ue pnqun`a qukhrkha qun hdz? –Zde, n`vdn-en ekds d`iarekìêa―, n
kclueks cd`mks kfkdxa a`hn as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds prnn`jmne k d`iarekìêa hn
ja`tkta. Rkrk ed`mk tatkc nstupnikìêa, eudtks vnzns as nxnjutdvas rkslkvke k
pëld`k hk rnvdstk n k n`trnlkvke pkrk ue kssdstn`tn hdzn`ha? –Rrnn`jmk dssa n
 n`vdn-a . N`têa,
Ed`mk tnardk as jupa`s
ä qun kuen`tke
ue jupae ks rnspastks
ainrnjn ne k`ÿ`jdas
uek ek`ndrk deprnssas.
hn rnspa`hnr sne
jaepraedssa. Ikznr ue tncnia`nek sdl`didjk qun vajï tnrë qun d`tnrkldr jae

ue vn`hnhar ‚ kcla qun vajï tkcvnz `êa qundrk ikznr `kquncn eaen`ta. Eks
a prnn`jmden`ta hn jupa`s `êa nxdln ue jaepraedssa. Kcäe hdssa,
k`ÿ`jdas jae nssns jupa`s kuen`tke ks vn`hks hn iarek qun k`ÿ`jdas
jaeu`s `êa ja`snlune.
 enhdhk qun k neprnsk tar`k-sn ekds snlurk n k ja`jarrï`jdk sn kjdrrk,
vajï prnjdskrë snr ekds n ekds jrdktdva `êa sú pkrk ktrkdr `avas
ja`suedharns, jaea tkefäe pkrk eatdvkr as jcdn`tns oë nxdstn`tns k
jaeprkrne ekds. Jae k nidjëjdk hk prapklk`hk `k tncnvdsêa, oar`kc, rëhda n
rnvdstk hded`ud`ha k jkhk k`a qun sn pkssk, qune tne ue arìken`ta
cdedtkha tkcvnz qundrk ja`sdhnrkr eätahas hn en`ar justa prk ktd`ldr snus
ja`suedharns. Eudtas hnssns eätahas sêa hntkcmkhas `nstn cdvra, tkc jaea a
nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas n a ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva.

Autras D`sdlmts hn Rrapklk`hk

Zn vajï tne ue arìken`ta cdedtkha, vajï pahn uskr ue k`ÿ`jda dsackha
ne tahks suks autrks ktdvdhkhns, a qun klrnlkrë jrnhdfdcdhkhn. Jnrtk vnz
jaeprkeas ue k`ÿ`jda dsackha hn pëld`k d`tndrk `k  Iarfns
 Iarfns jae
 jae k ja`hdìêa
qun ncns `as hnssne ;22 júpdks hk rnvdstk hn lrkìk. N n`têa d`jcuåeas uek
jkrtk kjaepk`mk`ha jkhk júpdk pkrk ;22 jcdn`tns kcenokhas jae ue Rast-dt
ekrjk`ha k pëld`k qun ja`td`ma `assa k`ÿ`jda hn pëld`k d`tndrk. As
vn`hnharns tkefäe rnjnfnrke júpdks hks rnvdstks pkrk qun puhnssne kfrd-
cks `k pëld`k ekrjkhk n eastrkr a k`ÿ`jda k jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. @ús n`têa
uskeas a ensea k`ÿ`jda ne uek indrk neprnskrdkc jae ue fk``nr
ktrkvnsskha `a stk`h qun hdzdk, –ja`iaren k`u`jdkha `a Iarfns
`a Iarfns―.
―.
Nstkeas jacajk`ha `a kr uek jkepk`mk `a rëhda n as spats nstêa trkzn`ha
ue icuxa ja`tå`ua hn cnkhs. Eks, pkrk `assa nspk`ta, prnjdskeas pnrsnludr
as cnkhs pkrk ja`snludr ja`tktë-cas `avken`tn `a tncnia`n hn iarek k rnkcdzkr
a snlu`ha pkssa hn `assa prajnssa. Ka jaepkrkr as k`ÿ`jdas snek`k par
snek`k, pnrjnfd qun ncns `êa nstkvke jaepn`sk`ha n nu nstkvk pn`sk`ha ne
tdrkr k jkepk`mk ha kr. @ús n`têa `atkeas qun hkr ja`td`udhkhn kas k`ÿ`jdas
(`k ensek nstkìêa hn rëhda ‚ kcjk`ìk`ha k ensek kuhdï`jdk rnpntdhken`tn)
 nstkvk kouhk`ha ktä as jcdn`tns k`tdlas k rnspa`hnrne `assa iaccaw-up.
N`têa, ikcneas safrn a rëhda. Nu tn`ma huks mdstúrdks. K skfnhardk

trkhdjda`kc, hn kjarha jae a n`sd`ken`ta ha luru hn rëhda Hk` A—Hky, hdz

qun `a rëhda, oë qun vajï tne kpn`ks 92 snlu`has, vajï hnvn tn`tkr trk`sedtdr
uek en`sklne jn`trkc. N `k ekdardk hks vnzns, vd qun dssa nrk vnrhkhn. Hn
ikta, sn vajï ikckr k ue pkssa ja`vn`jda`kc, ue spat hn rëhda hnvnrdk tnr
n`trn ;=< n 622 pkckvrks.
Kqud nstë ue spat hn rëhda qun ck`ìkeas ka kr rnjn`tnen`tn qun rnjnfnu
uek fak rnspastk?

Acë, enu `aen ä Jmnt Macens. Zn vajï ä ha`a hn kclue `nlújda, nu

lastkrdk hn kouhë-ca k hafrkr suks vn`hks ne ;6 ensns. @ús hafrkeas
ks vn`hks hn ekds neprnsks qun qukcqunr autrk ja`suctardk. @ús cmn
n`sd`krneas ;6 ja`jndtas qun hafrkrêa suks vn`hks ne ;6 ensns.
Kqud nstë kpn`ks ue hncns? Zn vajï vn`hn k ja`suedharns, më uek
ek`ndrk hn ikznr `nlújdas kpn`ks pkrk as encmarns fkdrras, rnhuzdr
snus justas hn ekrgntd`l n kuen`tkr k qukcdhkhn hn snus ja`suedharns
rkhdjkcen`tn. Au, sn vajï vn`hn k neprnsks, hafrkr suks vn`hks ä ktä
ekds iëjdc. Hafrnd ks vn`hks hn uek neprnsk par trïs k`as snludhas
pkrk ue fdcda`ërda fne ja`mnjdha iajk`ha-en kpn`ks ne ;9< jcdn`tns
kcenokhas. N`quk`ta vajï rnkcdzk suks tkrniks ratd`ndrks, prnjdsk
hnhdjkr ue nsiarìa ja`jn`trkha pkrk ja`qudstkr snus jcdn`tns
kcenokhas. D`hnpn`hn`tn ha quêa lrk`hns ncns snoke, au quêa pnqun`a
vajï snok, pahn ja`qudstkr jcdn`tns kcenokhas sn ja`tktë-cas k jkhk
huks snek`ks sne ikcmkr. Cdlun pkrk `ús n cmn ja`tkrneas safrn uek
pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt a`hn vajï pahnrë kprn`hnr trïs has ;6 ja`jndtas
lrktudtken`tn. 6;6->>>-;6:8. Rkrk hafrkr ks vn`hks hn suk neprnsk,
cdlun pkrk 6;6->>>-;6:8. @avken`tn, a tncnia`n ä 6;6->>>-;6:8.

Nssn ratndra ja`täe ;=> pkckvrks n iu`jda`k fne. Eks ck`ìkeas autra
spat qun ja`td`mk :=< pkckvrks, kjueuck`ha uek quk`tdhkhn n`aren hn
fn`niåjdas k uek vncajdhkhn kfsurhk, sne tnepa `ne pkrk rnspdrkr. A
k`u`jdk`tn ekc hkvk ja`tk hn ikckr tahks kquncks pkckvrks hn`tra ha spat hn
ue ed`uta. Dssa ä ue ikta? N`quk`ta uek pnssak jaeue pra`u`jdk kpn`ks
;6> pkckvrks par ed`uta, a järnfra ja`snlun prajnsskr d`iarekìêa ne uek
9
 eähdk
pravauhn 822Hurau
dssa. k >22 par
pkckvrks auvdhks
ue d`tn`sa par ed`uta
ed`uta . Nssn
n d`jcuåk spatd`hdjkìþns,
eudtks hn :=< pkckvrks
kssde
jaea uek cdstk hn 62 fn`niåjdas ha snrvdìa k`u`jdkha. Iu`jda`au eudta fne

eks hnva khedtdr qun `u`jk iud jkpkz hn hupcdjkr nssn `åvnc hn sujnssa hnshn
n`têa. K ekdardk has jaenrjdkds qun `ús jrdkeas klark ja`täe en`as hn 622
pkckvrks.
Rkrk kclu`s, ä jrujdkc ktnr-sn k nssns iarektas oë tnstkhas n jaepravkhas
pkrk sn nxparne. Ks neprnsks hn jd`nek sêa ue fae nxnepca. K tncnvdsêa ä
hnid`dtdvken`tn a encmar enda hn prapklk`hk pkrk a sntar ha n`trntn`den`ta
ë qun pahn-sn ja`tkr uek mdstúrdk ne hntkcmns ne ue pnråaha jurta hn
tnepa, ou`tk`ha uek jaeu`djkìêa vdsukc n kuhdtdvk. Ks pnssaks lastke hn
jaenrjdkds hn idcens parqun sêa jaea ue ed`didcen lrktudta n`jkdxkha `k
pralrkekìêa qun nstë sn`ha kssdstdhk. Xn`ha hdta dssa, sneprn en khedra
quk`ha ue nstÿhda lkstk uek iartu`k pkrk ikznr k prapklk`hk hn ue idcen
qun `a id`kc `êa hdz safrn a qun sn trktk. @avn hks hnz vnzns qun kssdsta k ue
jaenrjdkc hn :2 au 92 snlu`has pkrk a ck`ìken`ta hn kclue idcen, prnjdsa
pnrlu`tkr â ed`mk nspask, qun `arekcen`tn nstë sn`tkhk ka enu ckha, sn nck
ja`snludu n`tn`hnr safrn a qun ä a idcen. K`ÿ`jdas hn tncnvdsêa safrn idcens
hnvnrdke snr jaea ue ed`didcen, ja`tk`ta uek mdstúrdk. N quk`ta encmar a
ncnen`ta hn jurdasdhkhn hk mdstúrdk, ekds as ja`suedharns sn d`tnrnsskrêa.
A pahnr hn ja`tkr uek mdstúrdk `k prapklk`hk `êa ä cdedtkha k neprnsks
hn jd`nek. Vnjn`tnen`tn, kssdstd k ue d`tncdln`tn jaenrjdkc pkrk vnstuërda
qun nrk pkrnjdha jae ue trkdcnr hn idcen. Ja`tn uek mdstúrdk qun d`trdlun k
dekld`kìêa n vajï tnrë uek jmk`jn ekdar hn qun ks pnssaks rnkcen`tn
kssdstke k snu jaenrjdkc.
Kqud nstë ue spat hn 92 snlu`has pkrk enu frnvn ck`ìken`ta hn idcen,

Nedcy—s
nssn spatZa`l. Ynok sn vajï
hn tncnvdsêa. Xn`tntnrë va`tkhn hnn`quk`ta
vdsukcdzë-ca kssdstdr kavajï
idcena hnpads
cï. Nssnhnäcnruek
nxnepca has eaen`tas `as qukds k tncnvdsêa ä eudta ekds pahnrask ha qun k
prapklk`hk deprnssk. Xn`tn dekld`kr nssns pnrsa`kln`s, uek nxjncn`tn
eÿsdjk hn iu`ha n ue hrkek n`vacvn`tn. (As ktarns en`jda`khas `êa nstêa
cdlkhas k nssn idcen `nstn eaen`ta n sêa kpn`ks nxnepcas pkrk hkr ekds vdhk
ka ratndra.)

JN@K?  Yneas ue pkd (Xae Mk`gs) n suk idcmk (Hkgatk Ik``d`l)

sn`tkhas ka pdk`a. Ncns frdcmke ‚ uek kearask n pnrindtk rnckìêa
 n`trn
Za`l).pkdNcns
n idcmk.
rdneA npkdjk`tke.
n`sd`k suk
(Oë cd`hk idcmk k eÿsdjk
sn pksskrke ;6 hastnek (Nedcy s
92 snlu`has
tatkds hnstn spat.)

CAJ^XAV? K Nedcy Nvnrs td`mk k d`iæ`jdk pnrindtk, n`vactk ne kear n

`k pkdxêa hn snu pkd pnck eÿsdjk. Eks n`têa uek trklähdk ajarrnu.
JN@K?  A pkd nstë sn`ha ksskctkha. Yneas k ikjk hnscdzkr ne snu
pnsjaìa n n`têa a vneas jkåha `a jmêa safrn uek paìk hn sk`lun.
(9 snlu`has)
CAJ^XAV? Hndxk`ha k Nedcy sú.
JN@K?  K jksk klark nstë vkzdk. ^e kssdstn`tn sajdkc cnvk k Nedcy
nefark n`quk`ta jmark. (: snlu`has)
CAJ^XAV?  K Nedcy vdvn uek vdsk sacdtërdk ‚ k ÿ`djk cnefrk`ìk hn
suk d`iæ`jdk ä suk eÿsdjk.
JN@K? N`trk k Nedcy khuctk, rnprnsn`tkhk pnck Gdrstn` Hu`st, jk`tk`ha
n tajk`ha a pdk`a par nseacks `k Yn`djn Fnkjm. (9 snlu`has)
JN@K? Xrïs icksmns rëpdhas hk Nedcy sn`ha rnondtkhk par nxnjutdvas hk
eÿsdjk, eastrk`ha qun nck nstë ne hdidjuchkhns. Eks ne snludhk...
(4 snlu`has)
CAJ^XAV? K Nedcy Nvnrs jaeavn a eu`ha jae k suk eÿsdjk.
JN@K?  K Nedcy Nvnrs `a pkcja, cnvk`ha k pcktndk ka hncårda, as iês
lrdtk`ha snu `aen, ks jæenrks jcdjk`ha hn tahks ks hdrnìþns.
Rahneas pnrjnfnr qun nck sn tar`au uek lrk`hn nstrnck. (9
snlu`has)
JN@K?  Nck nstë jae uek kedlk. Nck nstë jmark`ha, uek kcek
tarturkhk. Zuk kedlk nstë tn`tk`ha ja`iartë-ck, eks `êa skfn jaea.
(8 snlu`has)

CAJ^XAV?
mark ekds K trklähdk hn suk d`iæ`jdk kd`hk k kssaefrk. Eks ne suk
nsjurk...
JN@K?  K Nedcy nstë sn nsja`hn`ha ha pkpkrkzzd ne ue pdk`a fkr
quk`ha hn rnpn`tn auvn k encahdk hk eÿsdjk –Nedcy—s Za`l― vd`ha
hn ue jk`ta nsjura. Nck vkd ktä a pdk`a n n`ja`trk snu pkd, qun nstë
têa nspk`tkha quk`ta nck ka vï-ck. Klark, jrnsjdhk, ne jmaqun, k
Nedcy fkcfujdk? –Rkpkd1― nspk`tkhk ka vï-ca ‚ vdva. (;2 snlu`has)
JN@KZ? K tnck sn nsjurnjn n kpkrnjne ekds icksmns hn eaen`tas hn
nstrnck ha rajg n autras hrkeks, d`jcud`ha k Nedcy prnstns k sn oalkr
pkrk suk eartn. K ÿctdek deklne ä hk Nedcy (nstrnck ha rajg) n snus
 iês lrdtk`ha.
ID@KC HA ZRAX (8 snlu`has)

Dssa ä ue tatkc hn 92 snlu`has. ^e ed`didcen. Khdjda`n ue pauja hn fak

eÿsdjk k tuha dssa, ikìk ue fajkha hn nhdtarkìêa hn qukcdhkhn n vajï tnrë
ue idcen jae a qun nu jmkekrdk hn kpnca jaenrjdkc. ^e ed`didcen kssde
`êa ktrkdrë k tahas, eks eastrk eudta ne 92 snlu`has n tne ue fae
ncnen`ta hn jurdasdhkhn qun ikz jae qun qune kssdstn qundrk skfnr ekds.
Eastrkeas uek mdstúrdk hk edsärdk â ikek ou`tken`tn jae uek pahnrask
mdstúrdk hn pkd n idcmk. N sn iar indta jarrntken`tn, jkuskrneas krrnpdas
quk`ha nck hnsjafrdr qun snu pkd kd`hk nstë vdva.
Ä jckra qun nssk `êa ä tahk k mdstúrdk. @êa jmnlk `ne pnrta. N ä depassåvnc
ja`tkr tahk k mdstúrdk ne 92 snlu`has. Eks, ne kpn`ks 92 snlu`has, nssn
ed`didcen qun trkz â ta`k neaìþns n d`trdlk k dekld`kìêa. Ä ue edcklrn a
qun pahn snr indta jae dekln`s ne 92 snlu`has.
Ikcneas safrn prapklk`hks hn tncnvdsêa qun jkfne `a arìken`ta hn quksn
tahas.

Xncnvdsêa k Jkfa
K tncnvdsêa k jkfa ä uek útdek ek`ndrk hn ikznr prapklk`hk pkrk as
ja`suedharns. Xar`au-sn têa fkrkta qun quksn tahas pahne ikzï-ca. Ne
kclueks ërnks, pahn-sn k`u`jdkr kpn`ks pkrk ue fkdrra ne nspnjåidja. Ne
ed`mk ërnk, k jaepk`mdk hn jkfa cajkc pahn d`jcudr snu k`ÿ`jda kpn`ks `k
jdhkhn a`hn vajï tn`mk uek aidjd`k hn fdjdjcntks au uek pkhkrdk.
A pahnr hk prapklk`hk hn tncnvdsêa ä d`jråvnc. Ja`mnìa ue neprnn`hnhar
qun ainrnjdk a sdepcns snrvdìa hn d`stkckr tahas as jaepa`n`tns hn
n`trntn`den`ta. Rkrk uek pnssak eudta ajupkhk, dssa pahnr snr uek fn`ìêa
has jäus. Ne vnz hn tn`tkr hnsjafrdr jaea ikznr snus kpkrncmas hn HYH,
HYV n JH n suk supnreahnr`k tncnvdsêa hn pcksek iu`jda`krne ou`tas,
tkcvnz vkcmk k pn`k d`vnstdr $=> par mark pkrk qun nssn pnssak vn`mk ktä suk
jksk ikznr tuha dssa par vajï. Ncn tkefäe n`sd`k jaea uskr tuha kqudca. K
neprnsk sn jmkekvk Znrvdìas Haedjdcdkrns hn XY, Eÿsdjk n HYH ha
Er.Xde.
Ncn k`u`jdau ne jk`kds cajkds hn jkfa jae ue jaenrjdkc hd`æedja
 ainrnjn`ha snus snrvdìas. Ncn k`u`jdkvk qukrn`tk spats par snek`k par
kpn`ks $622. Zkdu k prnìa hn fk`k`k oë qun as jaenrjdkds kpn`ks nrke

d`jcuåhas ne 62 edc jksks. Eks nssks nrke ks 62 edc jksks ne ue fkdrra hn

kctk rn`hk, n`têa nrk pnrindta pkrk ncn. Znus k`ÿ`jdas kpkrnjdke ne rnprdsns
hn  Irdn`hs
 Irdn`hs,, ka ckha hn jaenrjdkds hn ekrjks `kjda`kds jaea k Jajk n k
Rkrkeau`t.
Jaea nu oë hdssn, k jmkvn pkrk jrdkr ue útdea jaenrjdkc hn tncnvdsêa k
jkfa ä ikzï-ca a ekds vdsukc passåvnc. Cnefrn-sn hn jacajkr a `ÿenra hn
tncnia`n `k tnck kssde jaea `a ratndra ha d`tnrcajutar. Yajï pahn ktä d`snrdr
departk`tns d`iarekìþns `k tnck tkefäe. A jaenrjdkc ha Er. Xde eastrkvk
ue maene kialkha ne jkfas n rahnkha pncas snus kpkrncmas hn XY, YJV n
HYH. A rkpkz acmk pkrk k jæenrk zkracma n`quk`ta ks pkckvrks kpkrnjdke `k
tnck? –Rnredtk-`as hnsn`rackr taha nssns jkfas par
jkfas  par vajï
va jï―.
―. N`têa dssa ja`tkvk
k mdstúrdk vdsukcen`tn ka ensea tnepa ne qun a d`tnrcajutar d`iarekvk qun
a Er. Xde pahdk ikznr dssa par vajï.
Kqud nstë autra spat qun iu`jda`au fne. Dekld`n dssa? Yajï nstë
kssdstd`ha k kclu`s jaenrjdkds, eks suk tncnvdsêa nstë `a euha. ^ek eucmnr
nstkjda`k ka ckha hn autra jkrra n skd hn snu prúprda jkrra jae ue tkja hn
fndsnfac `ks eêas. Ne snludhk nck jaenìk k fktnr `a jkrra qun nstë ka ckha
ha snu. @nssn d`stk`tn, vajï sn pnrlu`tk qun rkdas nstë kja`tnjn`ha. N`têa
ue maene jae ue jkrra dhï`tdja pkssk ka ckha hk eucmnr n hdz kcla k nck.
Nck acmk pkrk a maene ha jkrra dhï`tdja ‚ hk`ha-sn ja`tk qun krrud`au a
jkrra nrrkha. @nssn eaen`ta a ha`a ha jkrra krrud`kha jmnlk n vï a qun nck
inz.
K calaekrjk kpkrnjn n ä pkrk uek aidjd`k kutaeatdvk cajkc. D`tncdln`tn,

vdsukc,
prnjdsnd`êa hnpn`hdk
kuen`tkr hn sae.
a vacuen pkrkEks hnpads
auvdr a qunhn kssdstdr ha
a maene kajkrra
spat dhï`tdja
vërdks vnzns,
hdzdk
k nck. N`têa a jaenrjdkc iu`jda`au ne tahas as `åvnds. Zú k tåtuca hn
jurdasdhkhn, a maene `a jkrra dhï`tdja ä afvdken`tn a `kearkha au ekrdha,
n nck nstë jckrken`tn passnssk safrn kcla qun ncn inz. Ncn pkssk n hdz
skrjkstdjken`tn, –[unrdhk, a qun vajï nstë ikzn`ha1―
Nu `êa prnjdsnd auvdr dssa pkrk skfnr ha qun a jaenrjdkc sn trktkvk, eks nu
sdepcnsen`tn prnjdskvk auvdr a qun a maene hdzdk k nck.
Maon, vajï pahn ja`trktkr kcluäe pkrk prahuzdr snu jaenrjdkc par eudta
pauja. A Er. Xde pklau $822 pnca snu jaenrjdkc n k jaepk`mdk hn jkfa
 cajkc inz tuha
prahutarns pkrkpar ncn. Ja`mnìa
jaenrjdkds eudtksnxjncn`tns
qun idjkrke jaepk`mdksparcajkds
en`asqun ja`trktkrke
hn $; edc.

Rrapklk`hk hn Authaar
Nssk ä k ërnk id`kc hk prapklk`hk. Afvdken`tn, tuha qun nu oë ikcnd sn kpcdjk
kqud. As authaars hnvne snr nxtrneken`tn hdinrn`jdkhas au snrêa ue
hnspnrhåjda hn hd`mndra. @êa sêa prëtdjas pkrk rnspastk hdrntk. Ne uek ërnk
qun pkssa hn jkrra irnqun`tnen`tn, më ue authaar hn ue jarrntar hn
mdpatnjks. [uk`ha cdlund pnrlu`tk`ha sn ncn mkvdk rnjnfdha kcluek rnspastk,
ncn hdssn qun sde, eks `êa quds en hdznr a quk`ta. Zuk rnspastk en inz
kssuedr qun a rntar`a `êa iad têa d`jråvnc, eks ncn hdssn qun a kouhau k injmkr
eudtas kjarhas n k ja`strudr suk –ekrjk― hn`trn as jarrntarns hn deúvnds qun
ncn nstkvk tn`tk`ha pn`ntrkr. N`têa a authaar iad ÿtdc ne rnckìêa âs pnssaks
qun oë mkvdke auvdha ikckr `ncn. Nrk jaea sn ncns nstdvnssne cdhk`ha jae
uek jncnfrdhkhn oë qun ncn mkvdk jacajkha snu authaar `k rahavdk hk suk

jdhkhn.
K paujas entras hn snu authaar, autra jarrntar hn mdpatnjks a japdau, eks
jacajau eudtk d`iarekìêa ne snu authaar. Ncn tn`tau jaepkjtkr ue k`ÿ`jda
hn tncnvdsêa `a authaar. ^e authaar hnvn tnr uek ÿ`djk en`sklne n nssk
hnvn snr jaeu`djkhk vdsukcen`tn. Afvdken`tn, ne @avk Darqun n Cas
K`lncns, as authaars sêa uskhas prd`jdpkcen`tn pkrk eahk, hdvuclk`ha k
ekrjk hn ue hnsdl`nr ne nspnjåidja. Mkvnrë uek deklne snxy n uek
pkckvrk `a authaar.
^e hn enus jcdn`tns ekds rnjn`tns tne ue smaw hn vkrdnhkhns eusdjkds
`k Jkracd`k ha Zuc jmkekha hn Xmn Jkracd`k Apry.
Apry. A smaw tne iu`jda`kha
`nssk ërnk më ekds hn 62 k`as n ä uek hks ekdarns rkzþns pncks qukds as
turdstks vdsdtke k Eyrtcn Fnkjm. Ks pnssaks qun `êa mkvdke nstkha cë k`tns
kssuedke qun nrk uek nxpnrdï`jdk qun edsturkvk a jkdpdrk, a snrtk`noa n a
jau`try eks nrk a ja`trërda. Kquncns qun mkvdke vdsta a smaw skfdke qun
td`mk ue pauja hn tuha n eudtk pkdxêa. Cnefrn-sn, vajï tne kpn`ks kclu`s
snlu`has pkrk jaeu`djkr uek dhndk ne ue authaar. N`têa nu jrdnd ue
authaar kssde?
 

Dssa trk`sedtdk k dhndk hn qun a smaw `êa nrk jau`try n nrk eudta hdvnrtdha.
Rnlund n`têa kclueks dekln`s qun eastrkvke uek prahuìêa ne nstdca
Maccywaahdk`a jae qukrn`tk pnssaks ne enda â kprnsn`tkìêa. Kcäe hdssa,
jnrjk hn 92 %hks pnssaks qun vêa k Eyrtcn Fnkjm oë nstdvnrke cë k`tns.
N`têa jrdnd ue authaar qun n`jarkokvk ks pnssaks k vnrne a smaw `avken`tn
jae hdznrns jaea –Nu vau ka Xmn Jkracd`k Apry tahks
Apry tahks ks vnzns qun vdsdta
Eyrtcn Fnkjm― ‚ uek dhndk sdepcns n hdrntk jaeu`djkhk ne kpn`ks kclu`s
snlu`has.
N`têa, nssns iarke fa`s ja`sncmas pkrk vërdas tdpas hn prapklk`hk.

Krek hn Ekrgntd`l 6? Ekck Hdrntk

Zn vajï inz ue fae trkfkcma jae a ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva (Jkpåtuca

[uktra), vajï pahnrë usë-ca pkrk tar`kr suk ekck hdrntk eudta ekds pahnrask.
Yactk`ha ka nxnepca hk neprnsk hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns, nck jrdau uek pnìk
hn ekck hdrntk qun eastrk uek deklne hn ue ëjkra hn pú safrnpastk jae ks
pkckvrks, –Jd`ja edcmþns hnssns ëjkras pahne vdvnr ne snus jkrpntns hk skck
sn vajï `êa rnkcdzkr uek cdepnzk praidssda`kc―. A ëjkra hn pú ä uek jrdkturk
eudta indk. Zn pkrnjn jae uek jrdkturk ha idcen  Kcdn`s
 Kcdn`s,, jae k Zdlaur`ny
\nkvnr. [un hkhas hn enrjkha vajï  jacntau pkrk snu ratndra hn nstëhda qun
vajï jacntau
jkuskrdke ue –^K^― pkrk suk pnìk hn ekck hdrntk1
^ek jkepk`mk hn ekck hdrntk fne-sujnhdhk hnpn`hn tatkcen`tn hk
rnluckrdhkhn n ja`sdstï`jdk hn snu n`vda. @a Jkpåtuca @avn (–As Hntkcmns
Iu`hken`tkds hn Jaea Ja`qudstkr as Encmarns Ja`suedharns―) vajï
kprn`hnrë, pkssa k pkssa, k jaea rnkcdzkr uek jkepk`mk hn ekck hdrntk pkrk
snus jcdn`tns kcenokhas. Rar n`quk`ta, ikcneas safrn kclueks rnlrks
nssn`jdkds fksnkhks ne nxpnrdï`jdk prúprdk safrn jaea ikznr suks pnìks hn
ekck hdrntk safrnsskctkr hks autrks.
Rrdendra, usn k ekdar quk`tdhkhn hn jar passåvnc ‚ au `a prúprda n`vncapn
au `ks pkckvrks `k pkrtn nxtnr`k ha n`vncapn.
Znlu`ha, jacaqun en`skln`s `a n`vncapn. Yajï prnjdsk eatdvkr a jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc k kfrdr a n`vncapn. N`têa uek en`sklne `k pkrtn nxtnrdar ‚ k qukc
 hnvnrdk snludr ks rnlrks kjdek pkrk sn nsjrnvnr ue útdea tåtuca hn k`ÿ`jda ‚ ä
uek fak hdrntrdz. Ikìk-k vactkhk k fn`niåjdas n iajkhk `a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc.

Xnrjndra, pn`sn safrn k ek`ndrk jaea vajï ikz k trdklne ha snu prúprda
jarrnda. [ukds dtn`s vajï kfrdrë prdendra? kcla qun sn pkrnjn k ue jkrtêa
pnrsa`kcdzkha au k ja`tk hn tncnia`n1 Oë vd eudtks neprnsks uskrne ekcks
hdrntks ne nstdca hn jkrtêa, ktä ja`vdtns hn jksken`ta pkrk jkuskr ue lrk`hn
nindta.
Hdvnrsas cdvras safrn ekck hdrntk sêa encmarns ia`tns hn d`iarekìêa,
partk`ta cdedtkrnd enus jaen`tërdas ne uskr k ekck hdrntk jaea uek krek
pkrk ktkjkr snus jcdn`tns kcenokhas. Eks `êa sn nsqunìk qun nssk krek,
quk`ha uskhk ou`tken`tn jae autrks, pahn tar`kr-sn eudta ekds nidjkz. Xdvn
ue jcdn`tn qun khdjda`au k ekck hdrntk pkrk k ensek kuhdï`jdk pkrk qune
nstkvk ikzn`ha prapklk`hk n k rnspastk kuen`tau ne :>%. Xahks ks rnvdstks
pnredtne a n`vda hn ekck hdrntk kas snus kssd`k`tns. Rartk`ta, sn vajï
k`u`jdk ne uek rnvdstk neprnskrdkc, tn`tn nspncmkr suk jkepk`mk hn
prapklk`hk `a nsiarìa hn ekck hdrntk n n`têa hdrnjda`ë-cas â cdstk hn
kssd`k`tns hnssk rnvdstk.

Krek hn Ekrgntd`l :? Cdtnrkturk Jarparktdvk

@avken`tn, k jmkvn pkrk uskr nssks kreks hn ekrgntd`l ka snu eëxdea
patn`jdkc ä jaarhn`ë-cks hn iarek qun a caag n a ja`tnÿha hn jkhk krek snok
ja`sdstn`tn jae ks autrks. Jae ne suks pnìks hn ekck hdrntk, snu pk`icnta
hnvnrdk fksnkr-sn ne snus nsiarìas hn ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva n hnvnrdk snr
uek vnrsêa ne ed`dkturk hn snu ratndra hn nstëhda au snu krluen`ta
prd`jdpkc. Dssa sdl`didjk qun d`jcudrë hkhas iksjd`k`tns qun nstkfncnìke as
jrdtärdas hn jaeprk hn uek iarek qun snok vk`tkoask pkrk vajï. Eastrkrë
nxktken`tn as enseas lrëidjas qun vajï usk ne suks kprnsn`tkìþns,
k`ÿ`jdas n pnìks hn ekck hdrntk pkrk n`iktdzkr k jansêa hn snus nsiarìas hn
ekrgntd`l.
Kqud nstë ue jn`ërda prëtdja? Yajï ikz uek kprnsn`tkìêa ha snu
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc. Nssk ä k pkcnstrk d`iarektdvk qun vajï jrdau jae as
hkhas ha enrjkha pkrk ainrnjnr kas snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Xuha jarrn fne
n a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc klark qunr kprnsn`tkr k ensek d`iarekìêa ka jmnin au
 ka ja`sncma ne uek rnu`dêa. Ncn cmn pnhn par uek júpdk hn suk pkcnstrk. Zn
snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc iar uek afrk hn krtn, vajï tkcvnz `êa qunrdk hë-ca

kas jcdn`tns patn`jdkds, eudtas has qukds tkcvnz oë tn`mke ue rnckjda`ken`ta

jae kclue hn snus ja`jarrn`tns. Eks vajï pahn hkr k ncns ue pk`icnta qun
d`jcud as pa`tas ekds departk`tns hn snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc. Dssa ä
departk`tn, parqun ka hkr k ncns nssn pk`icnta, vajï nstkrë n`trnlk`ha-cmns
uek inrrken`tk hn vn`hk qun as trk`siarekrë kprnsn`tkharns pkrk snu
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc.
Nstau trkfkcmk`ha jae uek neprnsk jmkekhk ^`dtnh Euctd Ikedcy
(www.uei.jae),
www.uei.jae), k qukc vn`hn prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas. Znu krluen`ta
prd`jdpkc ä uek afrk hn krtn jaepastk hn d`iarekìþns qun `êa kpn`ks
n`jarkok as praprdntërdas k vn`hnrne snus prähdas, eks tkefäe hë eudtks
rkzþns pncks qukds hnvnrdke jacajkr as prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas `k cdstklne
hnssk neprnsk ne vnz hks autrks. Nssn krluen`ta prd`jdpkc rnsuctk ne ue
injmken`ta hn kjarhas hn =2%. A pk`icnta hk neprnsk ä uek vnrsêa ne
ed`dkturk ha krluen`ta prd`jdpkc, n`iktdzk`ha as hkhas ekds departk`tns ha
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc. Rartk`ta, quk`ha ue rnprnsn`tk`tn rnÿ`n-sn jae ue
praprdntërda hn prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas n nssn praprdntërda qunr eastrkr k
d`iarekìêa ka jø`ouln au sújdas, a rnprnsn`tk`tn pahnrë ainrnjnr ue
pk`icnta, a qukc ikrë a pkpnc hn ue ed`dkrluen`ta prd`jdpkc. Au, sn a
rnprnsn`tk`tn `êa puhnr kprnsn`tkr a krluen`ta prd`jdpkc par kclue eatdva,
ncn pahnrë uskr kquncn pk`icnta pkrk kprnsn`tkr ue ed`dkrluen`ta prd`jdpkc
`kquncn nxkta eaen`ta.
Ykeas hntkcmkr dssa ue pauja ekds. K ekdardk has pk`icntas ä ue
hnspnrhåjda hn hd`mndra. Ncns sêa tatkcen`tn iajkhas `k neprnsk ne vnz hn

`a ja`suedhar.
praprdntërda hn Nuue asprähda
jmkeahnpnìks hn nla. Dekld`neas
kpkrtken`tas. Yajï nstë qunne vajï
uek äindrk
ue
neprnskrdkc pkrk praprdntërdas hn prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas n ne uek has
stk`hs më hnzn`ks hn pk`icntas. K ekdardk hdz kcla jaea –Gdefnrcy n
\ky`n? Rarqun `ús saeas as fa`s―. Ks ÿ`djks pnssaks qun cnvkrêa kclue
hnssns pk`icntas snrêa ks pnssaks qun oë ja`mnjne nssks neprnsks n nstêa
d`tnrnsskhks ne ja`tktë-cks. Eks më ue pk`icnta qun hdz? –Ks jd`ja ekds
pnrdlasks tn`hï`jdks pkrk as praprdntërdas hn prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas n jaea
atdedzkr snu ktdvas hn prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas―. [une qunr skfnr safrn dssa1
[ukcqunr   praprdntërda hn prähdas hn kpkrtken`tas qun nstnok `nstk indrk
[ukcqunr
 neprnskrdkc
d`tnrnssn ne drë
cnr1qunrnr pnlkr ue hnssns pk`icntas. [ukc pk`icnta vajï tnrdk
[uk`ha indta hn iarek kpraprdkhk, as pk`icntas sêa uek nstupn`hk

inrrken`tk hn vn`hks. Rnìks praeajda`kds tkefäe sn n`jkdxke `nstk

jktnlardk hn cdtnrkturk jarparktdvk. Xneas ekds hn uek hÿzdk hn nxjncn`tns
rncktúrdas qun uskeas jaea inrrken`tks hn ekrgntd`l. [uk`ha ks pnssaks
kssd`ke `assk cdstk hn n-ekdc, ncks jaenìke k rnjnfnr nssns rncktúrdas hn
huks k trïs vnzns par snek`k. As rncktúrdas ainrnjne nxjncn`tns d`iarekìþns,
n `a id`kc ha rncktúrda më uek sutdc en`ìêa ha snrvdìa qun qunrneas ainrnjnr.
Hdrë kcla jaea? –Rkrk kprn`hnr kd`hk ekds safrn jaea kuen`tkr suks
vn`hks, vë k pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt www.mawta-haufcnskcns.jae―.
www.mawta-haufcnskcns.jae―. Zutdc, eks
eudta nidjkz. @a eaen`ta ne qun nsjrnva nssn cdvra, ka rnjnfnr nssn n-ekdc,
:2% hncns jcdjk `kquncn cd`g `a id`kc ha krtdla. Ä ue eätaha nxtrkarhd`ërda
hn eavden`tkr ks vn`hks.
[uk`ha nu vn`hdk prapklk`hks, `ús tå`mkeas uek särdn hn nxjncn`tns
pnìks praeajda`kds, jkhk uek hncks nxpcdjk`ha uek hdjk hn vn`hks. Ncks
nrke uskhks pkrk `assks jkepk`mks rnluckren`tn, eks as vn`hnharns
tkefäe ks uskvke ne jksas d`hdvdhukds pkrk afonìþns nspnjåidjks qun
rnjnfdke hn jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Rar nxnepca, sn kcluäe qudsnssn jaeprkr
kpn`ks ue k`ÿ`jda, `ús tå`mkeas uek pnìk praeajda`kc qun krluen`tkvk
parqun vajï hnvnrdk k`u`jdkr jae irnquï`jdk. Zn kcluäe qudsnssn jaeprkr
ue k`ÿ`jda ne prnta n frk`ja, tå`mkeas uek pnìk praeajda`kc qun ainrnjdk
nxjncn`tns hkhas ne parqun k apìêa ne jarns nrk eudta encmar.

 Nxnrjåjda
Nsjrnvk hn jd`ja k hnz rkzþns prd`jdpkds pncks qukds ue jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc hnvnrdk jaeprkr snu prahuta ne vnz ha prahuta hn ue
ja`jarrn`tn au parqun vajï lastkrdk qun snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds sn
kpraiu`hkssne n/au sn n`vacvnssne ekds ha qun a ikrdke
d`djdkcen`tn. N`têa jrdn uek särdn hn pnìks praeajda`kds hn uek
pëld`k qun trktne hn jkhk jksa. @avken`tn, jnrtdidqun-sn qun jkhk
pnìks ä iajkhk `ncns, n `êa ne vajï, n hdlk k ncns a parquï, `êa
jaea. ^sn jarns. Zn vajï puhnr, usn lrëidjas pkrk jkhk pnìk
praeajda`kc. Eks sn dssa `êa iar prëtdja, vajï pahn ikznr uek pnìk
 praeajda`kc jae ue tåtuca hn ia`tn lrk`hn. Ynok kfkdxa ue
nxnepca hn ue k`ÿ`jda qun uskeas quk`ha autrk neprnsk quds

praeavnr uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk ja`tk`ha jae ed`mk

prnsn`ìk jaea trnd`khar.

[^KXVA EK@NDVKZ HN HAFVKV ZN^Z @NLÚJDAZ

NE KRN@KZ ;6 ENZNZ
Rkrtdjdpn jaedla hn uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk jae a ikeasa
nspnjdkcdstk hn jrnsjden`ta hn `nlújdas, Jmnt Macens, pkrk kprn`hnr k jaea
hafrkr suks vn`hks ne ;6 ensns. Zde, nssn maene rnkcen`tn n`sd`k quktra
ja`jndtas hdinrn`tns qun hafrkrêa suks vn`hks ‚ JKHK ^E hnssns ja`jndtas
pahn hafrkr suks vn`hks ne ;6 ensns. Dssa snrë uek nxpnrdï`jdk jaepkrëvnc
k uek vdklne hn nspkìa`kvn, n tuha snrë trk`sedtdha ne jnrjk hn <2
ed`utas, sne hnscajken`tas `njnssërdas ‚ pkrtdjdpn pnca tncnia`n.
A Rkcnstrk`tn? A Jmnt Macens ä a ÿ`dja trnd`khar `a eu`ha qun tne vn`hdha
pnssakcen`tn snus snrvdìas k ekds hn snssn`tk hks neprnsks Iartu`n >22. Zuk
jkrtndrk hn jcdn`tns d`jcud Nstän Ckuhnr, \kr`nr Fras., Kenrdjk` Nxprnss n
Jdtdfk`g. Ncn tne 9> prahutas hn trnd`ken`ta k vn`hk ne vd`tn n trïs pkåsns.
K rnvdstk Zujjnss
Zujjnss   hdz? –A Jmnt Macens qunfrk as rnjarhns hn vn`hk a`hn
qunr qun ncn vë―. Rkrk kssdstdr k uek d`trahuìêa hn hads ed`utas ha Jmnt, vdk
www.jmntmacens.jae..
k pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt www.jmntmacens.jae

Kqud nstë uek kprnsn`tkìêa d`djdkc hn `assk tncnpkcnstrk @NZXK prúxdek

qud`tk-indrk?

;. A Jmnt n`sd`krë k jaea iajkr-sn jaea ue rkda cksnr `a qun ncn

jmkek hn as –encmarns jaeprkharns―, rnhuzdr as justas hn
ekrgntd`l n rkhdjkcen`tn kuen`tkr a tkek`ma hn suks vn`hks.
6. A qun vajï kjmkrdk hn ou`tkr tahas snus encmarns ja`suedharns
passåvnds ne uek skck, hn uek sú vnz, n tnr k apartu`dhkhn hn ikznr
uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkrk tahas ncns ou`tas1 Kprn`hk k eëldjk hn ue
ja`jndta qun a Jmnt jmkek hn –a ratndra hn nstëhda―.
 :. K nstrktäldk hn jrnsjden`ta hn supnrnstrncks? A J
Jmnt
mnt n`sd`k k jaea
qukcqunr ue, `êa departk a quêa pnqun`a, pahn ja`trktkr ue

fktkcmêa hn vn`hnharns jaedssda`khas pkrk ikznr snu `nlújda

jrnsjnr hn iarek rkhdjkc.
8. Hn znra k $;22 edcmþns? a Jmnt n`sd`krë ks jkrkjtnråstdjks qun
YAJÏ prnjdsk pkrk ikznr suk neprnsk jrnsjnr k $;22 edcmþns.
Ensea qun snu afontdva `êa snok jmnlkr k $;22 edcmþns, vajï
kprn`hnrë nstrktäldks qun euhkrêa tuha. K ekdardk hks neprnsks
nstkl`k ka jmnlkr k ue jnrta `åvnc hn vn`hks. A ektnrdkc ha Jmnt
ikz vajï hnjackr n jrnsjnr ekds qun nrvk hk`d`mk.

Rartk`ta, vn`mk kssdstdr jaedla ka ikeasa nspnjdkcdstk hn jrnsjden`ta

hn `nlújdas, Jmnt Macens, `k tnrìk-indrk, hdk ;2 hn autufra,
pa`tukcen`tn âs ;;m (Marërda hk Jastk Cnstn) n tn`mk uek hks
encmarns nxpnrdï`jdks hn suk vdhk ne pauja ekds hn uek mark. Më
kpn`ks edc vklks. Hk ÿctdek vnz qun ainrnjneas uek pkcnstrk jaea
nssk, mkvdk ekds hn edc pnssaks qun `êa ja`snludrke pkrtdjdpkr hk
tncnja`inrï`jdk, n`têa ä encmar d`sjrnvnrsn klark pkrk rnsnrvkr snu
culkr? (cd`g hk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt kqud).

Nssk pnìk tne ue fae tåtuca, ue jarpa –eatdvkha par jurdasdhkhn―,

eudtas tnksnrs n d`iarekìêa suidjdn`tn pkrk d`stdlkr a cndtar k qunrnr ekds. N
nck ä iajkhk ne ed`mk pnssak parqun, `nstn jksa, nu sau a trnd`khar
–ikeasa―, eks a ja`tnÿha ä vactkha ekds qun `khk `a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc,
ikzn`ha eudtks praenssks.
Yajï hnvnrdk tnr par vactk hn uek hÿzdk hn pnìks jaea nssk jae ue fae
tåtuca iajkha `as fn`niåjdas pkrk snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds n ue jmkekha â
kìêa.

Krek hn Ekrgntd`l 8? Vnckìþns Rÿfcdjks

A qun sêa ks rnckìþns pÿfcdjks1 Yajï rnkcdzk kìþns hn VR quk`ha arlk`dzk
nvn`tas jmkektdvas jaea inssks hn indrks neprnskrdkds n fn`niåjdas pkrk snus
jcdn`tns. A VR tkefäe d`jcud jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk, k ja`sacdhkìêa hn
 rnckjda`ken`tas jae k deprn`sk, k pufcdjkìêa hn krtdlas nsjrdtas par vajï au
safrn vajï n k kidcdkìêa jae iarìks patn`tns pkrk kouhë-ca, tkds jaea

kssajdkìþns n lrupas hn jaeu`dhkhn. K ekdardk hks neprnsks `êa tne ue

nsiarìa hn rnckìþns pÿfcdjks jansdva n nidjkz7 eks dssa pahn ikznr edcklrns
pkrk ja`strudr suk ikek ensea sn vajï iar uek neprnsk eudta pnqun`k. Dssa
ä nspnjdkcen`tn vnrhkhn maon ne hdk jae k praned`ï`jdk hk D`tnr`nt.
Jaea oë en`jda`nd, tneas ekds hn uek hÿzdk hn rncktúrdas qun uskeas
jaea pnìks praeajda`kds pkrk `assk cdstk hn n-ekdc. Xkefäe uskeas nssns
rncktúrdas jaea krtdlas n sacdjdtkeas qun `assk klï`jdk hn VR as pufcdqun
ne tahas as culkrns. Xahas as ensns, ue krtdla nsjrdta par ede kpkrnjnrë
ne ekds hn ;22 rnvdstks a`cd`n. Xaha eïs. Zn vajï pnsqudskr enu `aen `a
Laalcn, n`ja`trkrë krtdlas ne edcmkrns hn culkrns `k D`tnr`nt. @a eaen`ta
qun nsjrnva nssn cdvra, >9 edc pëld`ks hk D`tnr`nt ja`tïe krtdlas nsjrdtas
ede au safrn ede. [ukds sêa as culkrns `as qukds ue krtdla safrn vajï
pahnrdk kpkrnjnr1

 Nxnrjåjda
Nsjrnvk vërdks dhndks safrn krtdlas qun pahnrdke snr pufcdjkhas ne
rnvdstks, pufcdjkìþns neprnskrdkds au rnvdstks a`cd`n. Nssns enseas
krtdlas pahne tar`kr-sn rncktúrdas lrktudtas pkrk snrne uskhas ne
ekrgntd`l pkrk jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Dssa ä jaea vajï pahn vn`jnr k
ja`jarrï`jdk jae k suk en`tn, `êa jae a snu facsa.
^e útdea krluen`ta prd`jdpkc ikjdcdtkrë tuha. @a eaen`ta,
nstau trkfkcmk`ha jae huks eucmnrns ikzn`hndrks qun jrdkrke uek
ek`ndrk hn jacajkr dekln`s ne irutks. Zde, ä dssa ensea, k ekìê
qun vajï hë kas snus idcmas pahn tnr k idlurk ha Zpa`ln Faf `nck.
Kqud, a krluen`ta prd`jdpkc ä safrn k skÿhn has kenrdjk`as n
safrn jaea jaenr ekds irutks kuen`tk suk nxpnjtktdvk hn vdhk.
Kqud nstë ue hn snus jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk. @atn qun nstë
jmnda hn d`iarekìþns d`tnrnssk`tns ‚ uek hks jmkvns pkrk qun snu
jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk snok pufcdjkha.
 JAE^@DHKHA HN DERVN@ZK? K AFNZDHKHN NE

JVDK@ÌKZ KENVDJK@KZ JVNZJN NE [^KXVA

YN_NZ7 KZ NERVNZKZ HN IKZX-IAAH ZÊA KZ
J^CRKHKZ1
^e nstuha rnkcdzkha n`trn ;49: n ;4<2 eastrk qun k afnsdhkhn n`trn jrdk`ìks
hn snds k a`zn k`as hn dhkhn nrk ne tar`a hn 8% hk papuckìêa d`ik`tdc. ^e
nstuha sdedckr rnkcdzkha n`trn ;444 n 6226 eastrk qun k afnsdhkhn jmnlau k
ue vnrtdld`asa ;9%.
Eudtk tn`hï`jdk tne ja`trdfuåha pkrk nssns iktarns. N`trn ncns nstë a ikta
qun lrk`hns jarparkìþns tne sn tar`kha eudta klrnssdvks ne snu ekrgntd`l
pkrk jrdk`ìks. N jae fa`s eatdvas. Ne ;492, ks jrdk`ìks d`icun`jdkvke
kpraxdekhken`tn $> fdcmþns has lkstas. Maon, nssn `ÿenra jmnlau k $>22
fdcmþns ‚ ue kuen`ta sufstk`jdkc.
A `ÿenra hn prahutas qun as Nstkhas ^`dhas jarparktdva ainrnjn
hdrntken`tn ks jrdk`ìks iad hn >6 prahutas ne ;448 k ekds hn >22 prahutas
maon. ^e nstuha hn jrdk`ìks ne dhkhn hn n`sd`a iu`hken`tkc eastrau qun 49
% hncks nrke jkpkzns hn rnja`mnjnr a Va`kch EjHa`kch. K ÿ`djk autrk
idlurk jae nssn `åvnc hn rnja`mnjden`ta nrk a Rkpkd @anc. A såefaca has
krjas haurkhas sêa ekds rnja`mnjdhas qun k jruz Jrdstê.
K sacuìêa hn uek neprnsk? Huks eucmnrns hn Furcd`lta`, \ksmd`lta`,
qun hdrdldke uek pnqun`k ikzn`ha jmkekhk k KEI Ikres idznrke ue caffy
n rnjnfnrke ue sufsåhda ha Hnpkrtken`ta hk Klrdjucturk has Nstkhas
^`dhas pkrk tnstkr sn dekln`s ne irutks pahne d`huzdr ks jrdk`ìks k
jaenrne ekds irutks.
K KEI Ikres jaenìau ainrnjn`ha ed`dkfúfarks pd`tkhks jae idlurks hn
pnrsa`kln`s hn hnsn`mas k`dekhas. Nssns prahutas kcjk`ìkrke uek
hdstrdfudìêa `kjda`kc ne jkhndks jaea a \kc-Ekrt, Gralnr, Zkinwky n
Kcfnrtsa`—s. ^ek vnz qun ncks kpnrindìakrke k krtn hn prahuìêa ne ekssk hn
kfúfarks pd`tkhks, ncks hnrke a prúxdea pkssa, a qukc ja`sdstdk ne lrkvkr
dekln`s jaenståvnds ne irutks.
K KEI Ikres pahn pd`tkr prktdjken`tn qukcqunr deklne `ks irutks,
nspnjdkcen`tn ne ekìês n pnrks. K Edjmnccn Tau`qudstk hk KEI Ikres
 jaen`tk?
jaenr uek–Dekld`n jaea
ekìê sn nck tdvnrsnrë eudta
k Hark ekdar k prafkfdcdhkhn
K Nxpcarkhark hn snu
au a Faf Nspa`ok idcma
`nck―.
K KEI Ikres ktukcen`tn trkfkcmk jae lrk`hns prahutarns hn irutks pkrk

nspkcmkr a usa hn pnrsa`kln`s hn hnsn`mas k`dekhas ne irutks. Ncks tkefäe

pahne lrkvkr ne kcta rncnva calatdpas hn tdens hn nspartns ikeasas n
calaekrjks jarparktdvks hn neprnsks qun qunrne praeavnr ue ekdar
ja`suea hn irutks.
Hn kjarha jae a Oaur`kc ai Klrdjucturn k`h Jmnedstry,
Jmnedstry, pnssaks qun
snlune k rnjaen`hkìêa ha Hnpkrtken`ta hn Klrdjucturk has Nstkhas ^`dhas
n jaene jd`ja au ekds parìþns hdërdks hn irutks n vnrhurks sêa >2% en`as
prapn`sks k tnrne jæ`jnr n 62% en`as prapn`sks n tnrne han`ìks jkrhåkjks
(as hads ekdarns ektkharns `as Nstkhas ^`dhas).
–Dssa ä kpn`ks kcla qun pahneas ikznr pkrk kouhkr, eks saeas uek
neprnsk pnqun`k―, hdz k Cdz Edtjmncc, k jaiu`hkhark hk KEI Ikres.
–Nstkeas tn`tk`ha ikznr k `assk pkrtn pkrk hndxkr ks jrdk`ìks ekds skuhëvnds.
Zn kpn`ks dssa puhnr ikznr uek jrdk`ìk jaenr uek ekìê par hdk, vkcnrë taha
`assa trkfkcma―.
Rkrk skfnr ekds, vë kpëld`k hk D`tnr`nt www.irudthnja.jae.
www.irudthnja.jae.

Nssk ä uek pnìk hn VR nidjkz parqun jaenìk jae ue prnajupk`tn

prafcnek hdl`a hn `atåjdks. Xahas as hdks më krtdlas `ks `atåjdks safrn a
prafcnek hn afnsdhkhn ne lnrkc, nspnjdkcen`tn ne jrdk`ìks. K pnìk hn VR
tkefäe ä nidjkz parqun usk ia`tns fne ja`mnjdhks n rnspndtkhks pkrk aftnr
nssns hkhas. Xne a iarekta hn ue krtdla pkrk oar`kc, n`têa `êa prnjdsk hn
eudtk nhdtarkìêa. A krtdla kprnsn`tk uek neprnsk ikzn`ha kcla jarrntken`tn
ka ainrnjnr uek pnqun`k sacuìêa pkrk eatdvkr ks jrdk`ìks jaenrne hn iarek
ekds skuhëvnc. Jaea a krtdla `êa ä iajkha `k KEI hn pnr sd, eks ne uek
departk`tn qunstêa qun snrë hn ekdar d`tnrnssn kas nhdtarns, ä eudta ekds
pravëvnc qun snok nsjacmdhk pnca jmnin.

Kpkrnìk `ks Ek`jmntns

K deprn`sk ä iarekhk hn pnssaks jaea tahks ks autrks, hn qune vajï
lastkrdk hn jkpturkr k ktn`ìêa. Kssde jaea k nstrktäldk has ;22 Ekds
Kcenokhas iu`jda`k pkrk pn`ntrkr jcdn`tns patn`jdkds depassåvnds, nck pahn
 snr uskhk jae lrk`hn nidjëjdk pkrk pn`ntrkr ktä `as ekdarns rnjursas hn
eåhdk. Zn as prahutarns hk Aprkm auvne ikckr hn vajï taha sk`ta eïs, jkhk

vnz jae uek dhndk `avk, ncns drêa qunrnr skfnr nxktken`tn qune vajï ä. A
ensea sn kpcdjk k qukcqunr pufcdjkìêa au ia`tn hn `atåjdks.
Zn vajï tne ue nsjapa `kjda`kc, vajï pahn ktd`ldr pufcdjkìþns `kjda`kds
jae tkc ja`sdstï`jdk qun ncks skfnrêa nxktken`tn qune vajï ä.

 Nxnrjåjda
Ikìk uek cdstk hn ia`tns hn eåhdk kcenokhks pkrk ks qukds vajï
lastkrdk hn nsjrnvnr safrn suk neprnsk au pufcdjkr snus krtdlas. Zn
snu enrjkha iar cajkc, ktd`ok snu oar`kc cajkc ja`stk`tnen`tn jae
dhndks au dtn`s hn d`tnrnssn. ^e útdea krluen`ta jn`trkc qun nstë
jmnda hn hkhas cmn hkrë eudta pahnr pkrk jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk
qun ktrkdrêa k ktn`ìêa hn nhdtarns au `atdjdërdas.
Yajï kcluek vnz oë `atau jaea k eåhdk hn n`trntn`den`ta sneprn jafrne
as enseas nvn`tas1 Më hdvnrsks nsjacmks hn n`trntn`den`ta, eks kpn`ks as
enseas ;2 nvn`tas au idcens sêa jafnrtas. Dssa ä parqun ks pnssaks qun
hntnred`ke a ja`tnÿha has smaws hn n`trntn`den`ta n rnvdstks tïe faks
rnckìþns jae a pnssakc hn VR rnspa`sëvnc par jafrdr nssns smaws. Yajï
tkefäe pahnrë iarekr rnckjda`ken`tas jae ks pnssaks departk`tns hk eåhdk
qun jafrne suk d`hÿstrdk.
Hn ikta, hn kjarha jae a Lunrrdcck Ekrgntd`l,
Ekrgntd`l, <2% hn tuha qun ä
pufcdjkha jaea `atåjdk
vne hdrntken`tn ä `k vnrkhn
hn jaeu`djkhas –`atåjdksn nsjacmdhks―,
hn deprn`sk d`djdktdvks hnauVR.
`atåjdks qun
K ekdardk
hks ia`tns hn eåhdk sêa kfkrratkhks par jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk. ^e nhdtar
kidkha pahnrë vnr uek mdstúrdk ne kclue hnssns jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk n
n`vdkr ue rnpúrtnr pkrk aftnr ekds d`iarekìþns.
Xaha jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk qun vajï n`vdkr hnvn snr snludha par ue
tncnia`nek. Ä kssde qun sn ja`strúne rnckjda`ken`tas. Kqud ä a qun vajï
hnvnrdk hdznr? –Yajï rnjnfnu a jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk safrn k nspk`task
quk`tdhkhn hn pacun`tns `ks jksks1 Znrë qun më kcla qun pahnråkeas ikznr
pkrk kouhkr jae nssk mdstúrdk1― Eudtks vnzns, `nssn eaen`ta sacdjdtkrêa qun
 vajï n`vdn snu jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk `avken`tn. Au vajï snrë rnondtkha,
eks `a eïs snlud`tn, quk`ha vajï cdlkr safrn as jd`ja edcmþns hn ëjkras hn

pú prnsn`tns `k skck hn nstkr hn tahas, a nhdtar jaenìkrë k cnefrkr? Yajï ä

kqunck pnssak qun n`tn`hn safrn pacudìêa ha kr ne kefdn`tns injmkhas. Zn
kpkrnjnr kcluek mdstúrdk safrn kcla pkrnjdha, khdvd`mk pkrk qune cdlkrêa1
Kcäe hdssa, as nhdtarns sêa jaea taha eu`ha. Ncns rnspndtke qune cdlk
ja`td`uken`tn pkrk ncns jae dhndks pkrk mdstúrdks.
Oë ikcnd safrn a Kenrdjk` Krt Vnsaurjns (KKV), qun vn`hn krtn pkrk
maspdtkds. Zn ncns tn`tkssne jmkekr k ktn`ìêa hk deprn`sk jae pnìks jaea
–Rarqun a KKV ä útdea― au –A KKV ja`qudstk autra lrk`hn maspdtkc jaea
snu jcdn`tn―, a quêa nidjkz vajï kjmk qun ncns snrdke1 Nssks sêa pnìks hn
nla, sêa hn pauja d`tnrnssn k qukcqunr ue jae k nxjnìêa ha prúprda. Eks ne
vnz hdssa, ncns uske hkhas hn snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc pkrk as jaeu`djkhas
hn deprn`sk, n par dssa rnjnfnrke uek `atëvnc jafnrturk ne rnvdstks
`kjda`kds n ne eudtas has oar`kds neprnskrdkds qun jafrne suk d`hÿstrdk.
Znu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc nxpcdjk hkhas safrn as maspdtkds n suks
hdidjuchkhns ‚ tuha hnshn kìþns ouhdjdkds, k cnsþns jkuskhks ne maspdtkds, k
jkrï`jdk hn iu`jda`ërdas â rnhuìêa hn cujras. Ncns jdtke as hkhas hnssk
iarek? 6 edc has > edc maspdtkds apnrkrke `a vnrencma ( KMK ( KMK @nws)7
@nws)7 as
maspdtkds kjdhn`tkcen`tn ektke ekds hn 622 edc pnssaks par k`a (Oaur`kc
( Oaur`kc a
enrdjk` Enhdjd`n).
Enhdjd`n). Znu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc ja`täe uek quk`tdhkhn
sufstk`jdkc hn hkhas eudta hnsja`jnrtk`tns qun snrvn jaea d`iarekìþns
fkstk`tn d`tnrnssk`tns pkrk as nhdtarns hn rnvdstks n oar`kds. Znu nsiarìa hn VR
tne sdha ekl`åidja.
Eks `êa sn n`lk`n? A VR `êa sn trktk kpn`ks hn jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk.
N hkrainrnjdha
snrë uek pkcnstrk
uek ne ue nvn`tapkrk
apartu`dhkhn hk d`hÿstrdk1
ikznr uekKpkcnstrk
vajï pravkvncen`tn `êa
kpn`ks pkrk ikckr
safrn snu prahuta au snrvdìa. Eks, jnrtken`tn, sn vajï tdvnr ue krluen`ta
prd`jdpkc pahnrasa, ä eudta pravëvnc qun k vajï snok ainrnjdha nssk
apartu`dhkhn. A krluen`ta prd`jdpkc ha ja`td`mk d`iarekìþns têa
d`tnrnssk`tns qun tnred`krke par snrne as pkcnstrk`tns ne hnstkqun hn uek
lrk`hn ja`inrï`jdk jae snus ;22 Jcdn`tns Ekds Kcenokhas tahas prnsn`tns.
Rahn-sn hdznr qun haed`krke k krtn hn VR jae nssk kìêa. Ne uek hks
kprnsn`tkìþns, mkvdk :22 pkrtdjdpk`tns qun sacdjdtkvke ekds d`iarekìþns
hncns.
 Hk`ha ja`td`udhkhn ka tnek kprnsn`tkha, tkefäe jrdkrke ue pk`icnta
qun nspncmkvke as hkhas hn snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc. Xkefäe eastrkvk
fa`dtks afrks hn krtn qun nrke ha d`tnrnssn hn maspdtkds. Nssk jaepk`mdk

nxnjutau snu pck`a n kssde jmnlau ka juen hn snu patn`jdkc, eastrk`ha uek
afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa hn iarek k trk`siarekr suk vdsêa ne
rnkcdhkhn.

 Nxnrjåjda
Hï uek acmkhk ne snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc n ikìk uek cdstk has
hkhas qun snrdke hn lrk`hn d`tnrnssn kas cndtarns hn suks
pufcdjkìþns kcenokhks.

Ä ktä ekds iëjdc sn vajï nstdvnr ne ue enrjkha vnrtdjkc nspnjåidja.

Hdlkeas qun vajï ikìk `nlújdas jae hn`tdstks, qudraprëtdjas au ktä
ikfrdjk`tns.
nxjcusdvken`tnXaha enrjkha
`nssn tneKsuks
enrjkha. pufcdjkìþns
ekdardk hn kpn`ks
has sntarns sntar qun
tnesnkclueks
iajke
hnssks pufcdjkìþns, n`têa vajï pahn ktä ensea ja`mnjï-cas pnssakcen`tn sn
ja`tktë-cas tahas as ensns.
^e krtdla, sn iar khnqukhken`tn nsjrdta, pahnrë snr uskha par k`as. Nu
pufcdqund ue krtdla `k rnvdstk Zujjnss  qun hdzdk? –A enstrn hn jkrktï Jmnt
Zujjnss qun
Macens qunfrk as rnjarhns hn vn`hks a`hn qunr qun ncn vë―. Mkvdk uek iata
ed`mk nxnjutk`ha ue jmutn hn jkrktï ne jdek hk ensk hn enu nsjrdtúrda
jae vdstk pkrk a Fky Frdhln ne Zêa Irk`jdsja. Zde, nu lastkrdk qun nssn
krtdla mauvnssn ainrnjdha d`iarekìþns ekds sufstk`jdkds, eks nu a usnd edc
vnzns ne autrks ktdvdhkhns hn eåhdk. Zn vajï hnr uek acmkhk `k ed`mk
pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt, vnrë qun nssn krtdla idjk pnrek`n`tnen`tn pasdjda`kha
ne ue cajkc hn hnstkqun. Xkefäe a usnd jaea ekck hdrntk pkrk enus
jcdn`tns kcenokhas. Iad ue útdea fø`us pkrk k ed`mk jkrrndrk ‚ eks sú
parqun nu a usnd kpraprdkhken`tn ne enus nsiarìas hn ekrgntd`l.

 Nxnrjåjda
Cdstn tahks ks ek`ndrks qun vajï pahnrdk uskr kclue krtdla qun oë
 iad au snrë nsjrdta safrn au par vajï. Kqud nstêa kclueks dhndks?

;. ^sn-a jaea uek pnìk praeajda`kc.

6. N`trnlun uek júpdk k jkhk vn`hnhar pkrk eastrë-ca k jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds.
:. ^sn-a jaea uek pnìk hn ekck hdrntk.
8. D`jcuk-a ne snu pk`icnta au krluen`ta prd`jdpkds.
>. ^sn-a au jdtn-a ne snus k`ÿ`jdas.

( www.pr`nwswdrn.jae)) ä uek
K pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt @nwswdrn hn VR (www.pr`nwswdrn.jae
d`jråvnc inrrken`tk pkrk kouhë-ca `k nsjrdtk hn jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk. Ä
n`vdkha k tahas as rnjursas hn eåhdk `a pck`ntk par jn`tn`ks, `êa edcmkrns,
hn húckrns. Nu a usnd huks vnzns n kjkfnd kpkrnjn`ha `a Xmn \kcc Ztrnnt 
Oaur`kc   ne kefks ajksdþns. A pnssakc hn eåhdk cmn kouhk k nsjrnvnr a
Oaur`kc
jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk parqun ncns skfne a qun jmkekrë ktn`ìêa. Autra
snlrnha pkrk nsjrnvnr ue nidjkz jaeu`djkha hn deprn`sk ä en`jda`kr uek
neprnsk Iartu`n >22 ne suk pnìk. Yajï prnjdsk snr eudta judhkhasa ne
rnckìêa k rnspa`skfdcdhkhn cnlkc kqud ‚ qun ä hn suk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn ‚ eks
sn vajï tne uek rkzêa cnlåtdek pkrk en`jda`ë-cas, dssa cmn kouhkrë k ikznr
jae qun snu krtdla snok `atkha pnck eåhdk.

Krek hn Ekrgntd`l >? Ja`tktas Rnssakds

Znu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc pahn vnr snus k`ÿ`jdas, cnr suk ekck hdrntk au snu
krtdla, eks quk`ha ncn nstë ikck`ha jae vajï ka tncnia`n, nssk ä k iarek ekds
patn`tn hn ekrgntd`l. @n`mue hn snus nsiarìas hn ekrgntd`l nxnrjnrêa tk`ta
depkjta ne snu jcdn`tn jaea ue ja`tkta pnssakc jae snus vn`hnharns au
rnprnsn`tk`tns hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar. Oë qun as ja`tktas pnssakds sêa
uek krek hn ekrgntd`l têa pahnrask, hnhdjkeas vërdas jkpåtucas
nxjcusdvken`tn k dssa n d`jcuåeas ekds hdjks pkrk kouhë-ca k encmarkr nssk
ërnk ne snu `nlújda ka ca`la ha cdvra. Eks, par n`quk`ta, euhneas pkrk a
kssu`ta hn...
 Krek hn Ekrgntd`l 9? Indrks Neprnskrdkds n Nhujkìêa ha

Enrjkha
Zn arlk`dzkhk jarrntken`tn, uek indrk neprnskrdkc pahn cnvë-ca hk
afsjurdhkhn ka tapa ha enrjkha ne ue ÿ`dja nvn`ta. Ks indrks neprnskrdkds
ainrnjne uek ekl`åidjk apartu`dhkhn pkrk hnstkjkr-sn has autras n snr
`atkha. Zn indta hn ek`ndrk `êa khnqukhk, ks indrks neprnskrdkds pahne snr
ue hnspnrhåjda hn hd`mndra. Yajï `êa kjrnhdtkrdk sn nu cmn ja`tkssn quk`tks
pnssaks vne en hdznr hn kcluek indrk neprnskrdkc hk qukc pkrtdjdpkrke qun
`êa vkcnu k pn`k. N n`têa ncks kprn`hne a qun vajï nstë prnstns n kprn`hnr n
dssa euhk taha a jn`ërda.
Më kpn`ks trïs rnlrks pkrk tnr uek útdek indrk neprnskrdkc, eks më ;22
ek`ndrks hn jkpdtkcdzkr nssks rnlrks. Ne arhne hn departæ`jdk, kqud nstêa
ncks?

;. Znok `atkha.
6. Ktrkdk eavden`ta.
:. Jkpturn cnkhs.

Klark vkeas ka iu`ha!

Vnlrk ;? Znok @atkha!

A qun vajï pahnrdk ikznr pkrk rnkcen`tn hnstkjkr-sn ne enda k uek

euctdhêa1 @khk, d`jcud`ha útdeas prahutas n nxjncn`tns vn`hks, departkrë sn
vajï `êa iar `atkha. K ekdardk hks indrks neprnskrdkds sêa n`tnhdk`tns ‚ 
stk`hs ue ka ckha ha autra k`u`jdk`ha snus prahutas n snrvdìas. A qun vajï
prnjdsk ikznr ä snr ue stk`h hdvnrtdha ‚ a culkr qun pkrnìk snr a ekds
d`tnrnssk`tn n k`dekha qun qukcqunr autra stk`h.
Jae ed`mk kouhk, ue hn enus jcdn`tns nsjacmnu a tnek Mkvkdk`a. A
pnssakc vnstdu-sn jae jkedsks icardhks dlukds pkrk jmkekr k ktn`ìêa. Kcäe
hdssa, pn`sn safrn as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds qun nstêa `k indrk neprnskrdkc. Zn
vajï pkrtdjdpkr hn uek indrk neprnskrdkc jae uek hnea`strkìêa hn iarìk ‚ 
 autrk rnjaen`hkìêa ed`mk ‚ n vajï tne hn > k ;2 iu`jda`ërdas `a smaw jae
jkedsks icardhks, tahas jaenìkrêa k `atkr vajï. Ks pnssaks ktä jaen`tkrêa

n`trn sd? –A qun ä qun më jae kquncks pnssaks hks jkedsks icardhks1―

Vnlrk 6? Ktrkdk Eavden`ta

Ykeas n`trkr kd`hk ekds k iu`ha `k nstrktäldk. N`têa, `ÿenra ue, oë
tneas ks jkedsks icardhks. @ÿenra hads, tneas ue iu`ha hn uek prkdk
Mkvkdk`k par trës ha stk`h jae cntrks ldlk`tns hdzn`ha? –Lk`mn uek vdklne
pkrk a Mkvkå―. @ÿenra trïs, nstkeas snrvd`ha hrd`gs trapdjkds a hdk d`tndra.
Klark nstkeas ktrkd`ha k ktn`ìêa, eks vkeas kcäe hdssa. [unrneas –ktrkdr
eavden`ta―. K vdklne lrktudtk ka Mkvkå n as hrd`gs trapdjkds sêa jrdkhas
jae a d`tudta hn ktrkdr eavden`ta.

Vnlrk :? Jkpturn Cnkhs

Klark qun ks pnssaks oë sn hdrnjda`krke ka stk`h, ncks prnjdskrêa cmn hkr
ue jkrtêa hn vdsdtks pkrk ja`jarrnr ka sartnda. Xkefäe prnjdskrêa prnn`jmnr
ue jurta n rëpdha qunstda`ërda jae kclueks pnrlu`tks hn jckssdidjkìêa. N
kqud vkd uek hdjk hn jaea aftnr as hkhas hnssn pnssakc. Zn vajï pnrlu`tkr?
–[ukc ä a tkek`ma hn suk neprnsk1― Ncns en`tdrêa au hndxkrêa a jkepa ne
frk`ja. Eks sn vajï jacajkr k ensek pnrlu`tk ne iarekta hn eÿctdpck
nsjacmk, pahnrë aftnr ekds d`iarekìþns. Rar nxnepca, snu iareucërda pahnrdk
snr kssde?

Xkek`ma hk neprnsk (ekrqun uek nsjacmk)?

 QQQ Ktä $; edcmêa
 QQQ N`trn $; edcmêa n $> edcmþns
 QQQ N`trn $> edcmþns n $;2 edcmþns
 QQQ Ekds hn $;2 edcmþns

Zn vajï vn`hn pkrk eudtks neprnsks pnqun`ks, vajï pahnrdk jaenìkr suks
nsjacmks jae
  QQQ Ktä $;22 edc

Au, vajï pahn pnrlu`tkr,

[uk`tas rnfdefajks hk pkrkiusntk vajï jaeprk k`ukcen`tn1

 QQQ Ktä >
 QQQ N`trn 9 n ;2
 QQQ N`trn ;; n ;>

Ikìk huks au trïs pnrlu`tks, tahks jae jktnlardks hn nsjacmks pkrk qun
ncns passke ekrjkr kpn`ks k apìêa qun sn kpcdjk k ncns. N`têa klark, vajï
`êa nstë kpn`ks jkpturk`ha cnkhs, eks tkefäe nssk jacntk`ha suidjdn`tn
d`iarekìêa safrn ncns pkrk prdardzkr snu iaccaw-up. N `kturkcen`tn, n`quk`ta
vajï cmns snrvn hrd`gs n as n`jarkok n d`sjrnvnr-sn, vajï d`djdk uek ja`vnrsk
n prajurk pncks päracks ‚ as jcdn`tns qun rnprnsn`tke lrk`hns apartu`dhkhns
pkrk snu `nlújda.
Rkrk ktrkdr kd`hk ekds ktn`ìêa ne uek indrk neprnskrdkc, autra jcdn`tn enu
ja`trktau uek eahnca eudta ktrkn`tn pkrk snrvdr as hrd`gs ne uek fk`hnok n
n`vdkr ks pnssaks ne hdrnìêa ka stk`h pkrk ja`jarrnr â vdklne lrëtds ka
Mkvkå. Xahk jdhkhn lrk`hn tne klï`jdks hn eahncas qun cmn pnredtn nsjacmnr
`k D`tnr`nt uek eahnca pkrk trkfkcmkr `a snu stk`h `k indrk neprnskrdkc.
Yajï pahn ja`trktkr uek au huks eahncas ktrkn`tns par kpraxdekhken`tn
$:22 par hdk jkhk ‚ ue pnqun`a prnìa sn k pklkr pkrk ktrkdr a eavden`ta.
Kcäe hdssa, pkrk dr kd`hk ekds iu`ha, vajï pahn arlk`dzkr uek instk ne
nstdca cukc ne kcluek hdsjatnjk fne ja`mnjdhk. N n`têa suk eahnca pahn
hdznr âs pnssaks? –Acë, tnrneas ue cukc maon â `adtn qun snrë eudta hdvnrtdha.
Ä sú pkrk ja`vdhkhas, n`têa `êa nsqunìk hn pnlkr snu ja`vdtn `a stk`h
`ÿenra 6:<6 ‚ cala kcd―.
^ek hks encmarns jadsks qun vajï pahn ikznr ne uek indrk neprnskrdkc ä
arlk`dzkr uek instk. Eks, pnca kear hn Hnus, sn vajï idznr dssa, jnrtdidqun-sn
qun vajï a ikìk jarrntken`tn! Ne uek iëfrdjk a`hn trkfkcmnd, `as tar`keas
ikeasas pncks `assks inssks. Xahas as stk`hs pkrtdjdpk`tns jaen`tkvke safrn
`assks inssks, n `assas jcdn`tns prajurkvke enu pnssakc hn vn`hks pkrk
ja`snludr as ja`jarrdhas ja`vdtns.
A snlrnha hn arlk`dzkr uek útdek instk ä ikzï-ca ne uek hdsjatnjk qun
 nstnok `k eahk.
uek snek`k Kqudk`tns
au huks ä a hk
qunindrk
vajïneprnskrdkc,
pahn ikznrcdlun
jae pkrk
eudtaks pauja hd`mndra?
hdsjatnjks ekds
ikeasks hk jdhkhn a`hn k indrk snrë rnkcdzkhk. Cdlun pkrk snu matnc n pnìk ka

ja`jdnrln pkrk hkr-cmn hdjks hks encmarns hdsjatnjks. Cdlun hurk`tn a hdk n
ja`tktn a lnrn`tn hk hdsjatnjk. Dssa ä a qun vajï hnvnrdk hdznr? –Nstau
arlk`dzk`ha uek instk ne suk jdhkhn hkqud k huks snek`ks n tnrnd 622
pnssaks jaedla. Rklkrnd tahks ks hnspnsks hks fnfdhks ja`suedhks hurk`tn k
`adtn d`tndrk. Nstau tn`tk`ha nsjacmnr uek hdsjatnjk. Yajï pahn en hdznr ue
pauja safrn k suk1―
Yajï vnrë qun ue sëfda lnrn`tn drë qunrnr qun vajï hï k instk ne suk
hdsjatnjk, ne vnz hn kcluek autrk. N k ekdardk hks indrks neprnskrdkds sêa
hurk`tn k snek`k, a qun sdl`didjkrdk qun ne uek tnrìk-indrk k hdsjatnjk nstkrë
`arekcen`tn vkzdk, n vajï k n`jmnrë jae 622 pkrtdjdpk`tns hk indrk
neprnskrdkc. Dtn`s k snrne `nlajdkhas? @êa mkvnrë justa hn n`trkhk pkrk snus
ja`vdhkhas. @u`jk vd uek hdsjatnjk qun `êa rntdrkssn a justa hn n`trkhk jae
prkznr par uek fak jkusk. N`têa dssa cmn nja`aedzkrë eudta oë qun k n`trkhk
ä $62 par pnssak ne kclueks hdsjatnjks. Autra dtne qun vajï prnjdsk
jnrtdidjkr-sn hn qun a lnrn`tn ja`jarhkrë? Znus ja`vdhkhas `êa nspnrkrêa `k
idck. Ncns n`trkrêa kssde qun jmnlkrne â partk. Dssa ikz jae qun sn sd`tke
jaea ks nstrncks ikeasks qun `êa prnjdske nspnrkr ne ca`lks idcks pkrk
n`trkr ne kclue culkr hn kcta `åvnc.
Ne snludhk, ä prnjdsa deprdedr jupa`s hn fnfdhks qun snu pnssakc hn
vn`hks (n suks eahncas) hdstrdfudrêa. Dssa tar`krë snus vn`hnharns eudta fne
vdstas. Xahas rnjnfnrêa hads jupa`s hn`tra ha ja`vdtn, eks sn ncns qudsnrne
fnfnr ekds, tnrêa hn vdr ktä vajï. Dssa tkefäe passdfdcdtkrë qun vajï ja`tracn
k ja`tk n nvdtn qun nstrk`mas `êa hdlke ka fkrtn`hnr? –Xrkfkcma pkrk k instk
]T_.
pahnrëJacaqun
ja`tkr astuha `k ja`tk―.
jupa`s n vajï Nkpn`ks
n`têa,pklkrë
`a id`kc hk `adtn,
k ja`tk a ha`a
hn snus hk hdsjatnjk
ja`vdhkhas. Nu
`arekcen`tn `nlajda uek tkxk idxk, par nxnepca, $9 par fnfdhk. Kclueks
pnssaks fnfnrêa uåsqun eks eudtas fnfnrêa ëluk au rnirdlnrk`tn. N`têa, sn
vajï prä-`nlajdkr ue vkcar fkdxa, skfn`ha k ekdardk hks pnssaks `êa
fnfnrêa ks fnfdhks ekds jkrks, a lnrn`tn `arekcen`tn ja`jarhkrë ne
nstkfncnjnr ue prnìa ÿ`dja pkrk ks fnfdhks. Ikìk as jëcjucas. Zn vajï tdvnr
622 pnssaks qun fnfne ne eähdk trïs fnfdhks, snrêa 922 fnfdhks k $9 jkhk,
n`têa nstkeas ikck`ha hn uek ja`tk hn fkr hn en`as hn $8 edc. @êa ä eudta
k sn pklkr pkrk ainrnjnr k –encmar instk hk indrk neprnskrdkc―.
 Kqud nstêa ekds kclu`s dtn`s k snrne ja`sdhnrkhas. @arekcen`tn uek
indrk neprnskrdkc tnrë uek `adtn a`hn as arlk`dzkharns ainrnjnrêa uek instk
au nvn`ta. @êa snrdk eudta sëfda tn`tkr ja`jarrnr jae nssn nvn`ta. Kcäe

hdssa, sn vajï ä uek neprnsk pnqun`k n ue has lrk`hns pckynrs kculk k

Hds`nycæ`hdk, vajï pahnrë snr pnrhdha hn vdstk. Rartk`ta d`iaren-sn ha qun
ekds nstkrë kja`tnjn`ha k`tns hn nsjacmnr k `adtn pkrk suk instk.
N jnrtdidqun-sn qun snok uek
uek   instk hn krraefk. K instk hk `adtn. Yajï
ja`snlun ikznr dssa sn`ha ue pauqud`ma pkrjdea`dasa jae as ja`vdtns n
hdlk k tahas? –Nssk snrë k instk ekds k`dekhk hnssk indrk neprnskrdkc―.
K prdendrk vnz qun hnd uek instk hnssks iad ne Xara`ta. Injmnd
nxktken`tn a ensea kjarha en`jda`kha kjdek jae k hdsjatnjk `a tapa hk
Xarrn J@ ‚ a cajkc pkrk hkr uek instk `êa pahnrdk snr ekds pnrindta. Jacaqund
jd`ja sdepëtdjas vn`hnharns supnrnstrncks pkrk k`hkr pnck indrk neprnskrdkc
praeavn`ha k instk jaea sn iassn ue nvn`ta d`nsqunjåvnc. Ja`trktnd uek
eahnca d`jrdvncen`tn ktrkn`tn pkrk kouhkr k praeavï-ck, n iaeas hk
afsjurdhkhn tatkc ka tapa hk ikek ne uek ÿ`djk indrk neprnskrdkc.
K rnlrk ekds departk`tn safrn arlk`dzkr uek instk ne uek indrk
neprnskrdkc ä qun nck tne hn snr hdvnrtdhk! Nssn ä ue has fn`niåjdas hn hkr
uek instk ne uek hdsjatnjk qun oë tne uek d`irknstruturk pra`tk. Yajï oë
tnrë d`jcuåha kclu`s pkrjndras hn hk`ìk patn`jdkds. Jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun tahas
nstêa sn hdvnrtd`ha eudta. Ks eahncas sêa uek útdek dhndk kqud tkefäe, n
justkrdk kpn`ks u`s $;22 khdjda`kds pkrk qun ncks tkefäe jaepkrnjnssne â
instk. [une skfn ncks ktä drdke sú par jkusk hk hdvnrsêa1 Ncks ktrkdrêa k
ktn`ìêa n n`jarkokrêa ks pnssaks k hk`ìkrne.
Znu pkpnc `k instk snrë hn suek departæ`jdk pkrk a sujnssa hnssk jaea ue
taha. Znok eudta sdepëtdja. Yë ktä ks pnssaks jae jarklne n jueprden`tn-
ks.
ue Kprnsn`tn-ks k autrks
jk`ta, sn`td`ha-sn pnssaks. Jnrtdidqun-sn
hnsja`iartëvnds. qun ä`d`luäe
Znu afontdva nstësnlud`tn
qun `a hdk ckrlkha suk
ne
instk hï a qun ikckr, qun tahas nstnoke jaen`tk`ha safrn suk instk.
Kclu`s autras tneks qun usnd `a pksskha jae lrk`hn sujnssa ue jkssd`a
d`jarparkha `a stk`h, k pkrtdjdpkìêa hn ue eëldja, k ja`trktkìêa hn
khdvd`mas n k jrdkìêa hn ue tnek hk häjkhk hn ;462 (Vakrd`l Xwn`tdns). Ks
passdfdcdhkhns sêa d`id`dtks, eks as tneks ekds nidjkzns sn n`jkdxke `a qun
vajï vn`hn. Dssa ä ktä ekds hdvnrtdha n lkrk`tn qun suk en`sklne `êa snrë
pnrhdhk `a enda hn tahas kquncns hrd`gs trapdjkds au khdvd`mkìþns.
Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun nsjacmnu a tnek hn Oar`khk `ks Nstrncks. Xahas `ús
 `as ik`tksdkeas hn u`diarens hn fak qukcdhkhn hn Oar`khk `ks Nstrncks,
jaepcntas jae a hdspasdtdva `a pndta qun nedtdk ue fdp quk`ha vajï hdzdk?
–Cnvn-en pkrk jdek, Zjatty―. Iad ue lrk`hn sujnssa. A JNA vnstdk a

u`diaren jaea a Kcedrk`tn n`têa ncn nrk nspnjdkcen`tn rnja`mnjdha. K

neprnsk nstkvk tn`tk`ha nstkfncnjnr qun nstkvk `a iutura `kqunck d`hÿstrdk
ne pkrtdjuckr.
Autra jcdn`tn, qun vn`hdk praprdnhkhns pkrk d`vnstden`ta `k D`lcktnrrk, inz
uek indrk neprnskrdkc a`hn as d`vnstdharns hn tahas as tdpas vd`mke
d`iarekr-sn safrn ks vërdks apìþns hn d`vnstden`ta. Ncns nsjacmnrke a Okens
Fa`h jaea snu tnek n a d`tdtuckrke hn –Rnredssêa Rkrk Ektkr―. Xahas as
maen`s nstkvke vnstdhas ne seagd`l n ks eucmnrns vnstdke ca`las vnstdhas
hn instk. Hdstrdfuårke pdstacks hn ëluk `k indrk neprnskrdkc n ja`trktkrke
eahncas pkrk hdstrdfudr ja`vdtns pkrk k instk Fa`h hn`tra hn ue dktn qun iad
kculkha pkrk k `adtn. Jaea iarke eudta rnstrdtdvas `as ja`vdtns, ncns
lnrkrke eudtk k`dekìêa n nxpnjtktdvk pkrk k instk. Jkhk stk`h `k indrk
neprnskrdkc aftnvn ne eähdk jnrjk hn ;> cnkhs. Ncns sn hdvnrtdrke eudta `k
indrk neprnskrdkc n aftdvnrke ue tatkc hn >22 cnkhs.
Autra jcdn`tn vn`hdk prahutas pkrk kouhkr ks tnrrks hn ikzn`hks k
prahuzdrne uek skirk ekdar par entra qukhrkha, rnhuzdr k nrasêa, n prahuzdr
skirks ekds iartns n ekds fne `utrdhks. Zulnrd qun k neprnsk idznssn ue tnek
eähdja n a d`tdtuckssn hn –As Hautarns hk Xnrrk―, oë qun, afvdken`tn, as
prahutas encmarkvke suk tnrrk. Eks k nqudpn `êa qunrdk rnkcdzë-ca! @n`mue
hncns, `ne ensea a JNA, qunrdke ik`tksdkr-sn hn eähdjas ne uek indrk
neprnskrdkc jmndk hn ikzn`hndras. Eks ncns id`kcen`tn jnhnrke n aftdvnrke
lrk`hns rnsuctkhas. [uk`ha nu nstkvk tn`tk`ha ja`vn`jnr kd`hk autra jcdn`tn
k snludr nssn ja`sncma n ncn tkefäe `êa sn k`deau, pnhd ka jcdn`tn ha Hr.
Xnrrk
ha Hr.pkrk
Xnrrknsjrnvnr ka autra
ha prúprda pu`majcdn`tn
ha JNA?safrn as rnsuctkhas. Kqud nssk k mdstúrdk

[uk`ha a Jmnt kprnsn`tau-`as nssk dhndk, ncn hdssn? –Ja`idn ne ede.

Zdepcnsen`tn ikìk-a.― @ús afnhnjneas. Nssk indrk ne pkrtdjuckr nrk
uek qun mkvåkeas rnkcdzkha taha k`a, më < k`as. Jae nssk
kfarhklne aftdvneas ekds cnkhs qun `as < k`as k`tnrdarns ou`tas!
 @êa `as sn`tdeas jaea dhdatks jaea pn`snd qun kja`tnjnrdk. @ús
ärkeas k vdhk hkqunck instk. Hnjdhdeas kfrkìkr k dhndk n iad ue
sujnssa.
 Jaea a Jmntn en`jda`au,
vdjn-prnsdhn`tn `ús vn`hneas
nu `as ik`tksdkeas khdtdvasfrk`jas
jae okcnjas pkrk tnrrk. Enu
n uskeas
nstntasjúpdas ne vactk ha pnsjaìa. K ntdquntk jae enu `aen hdzdk?

–Hr. Xnrrk―, n k hncn hdzdk? –Hr. Zaca―. Ja`trktkeas uek eksskldstk

 pkrk hkr eksskln`s lrktudtks hn pnsjaìa n jastks ne `assa stk`h,
kssde jaea uek cd`hk n cadrk –n`inrendrk― pkrk k`hkr pnck indrk
neprnskrdkc n hdstrdfudr –rnjndtks eähdjks pkrk rnckxkr―. Ks pnssaks
nrke d`struåhks k kprnsn`tkr k rnjndtk eähdjk ne `assa stk`h n kssde
ja`jarrnr k uek vdklne rnckxk`tn ka Ekud. K ÿ`djk qun prnjdskvke
ikznr nrk trkznr k rnjndtk eähdjk pkrk qun iassn kssd`khk par ue has
eähdjas.
 Ncns jmnlkvke ne fk`has n ikzdke idck pkrk rnjnfnr suks
eksskln`s. Oë qun prnjdskvke rnjnfnr `assk kssd`kturk pkrk n`trkr
`a sartnda hk vdklne pkrk a Ekud, uek apartu`dhkhn hn ja`vnrskr
jae tahas iad lkrk`tdhk. N`quk`ta ncns nspnrkvke pncks suks
eksskln`s, tdvneas tnepa pkrk fkstk`tn ja`vnrskìêa. A rnsuctkha iad
qun tahas nstkvke ne útdea muear quk`ha jmnlkvke ka `assa stk`h.
 @ús ärkeas k vdhk hk instk.
 Ncns oë nstkvke ha `assa ckha parqun nstkvke hdvnrtd`ha-sn tk`ta.
 @ús `as iajkeas `a hdvnrtden`ta, n as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
ln`ud`ken`tn qunrdke skfnr tuha safrn `assk neprnsk n `assas
 prahutas. Xkefäe hnsjafrdeas qun, hnpads hn uek ekssklne, ks
 pnssaks idjke eudta ekds kedlëvnds (n klrkhnjdhks)
k lrkhnjdhks) n `êa tïe prnssk
ne ja`vnrskr n ikznr pnrlu`tks safrn a prahuta. Kcäe hdssa, `assk
eksskldstk ja`mnjdk a prahuta, n`têa nck pahdk ikckr safrn ncn
n`quk`ta hkvk ks eksskln`s. Nu pahnrdk ja`td`ukr k nsjrnvnr pëld`k
kpús pëld`k
 pnrlu`tk ekdssafrn dssa qun
nspnjåidjk n idjkrdk incdz eks
vajï tn`mk, ne rnspa`hnr
kprn`hd qunk quk`ha
qukcqunra
Jmnt hdz? –Ja`idn ne ede―, dssa ä nxktken`tn a qun vajï hnvn ikznr.

Xde Kchnrsa`
 Rrnsdhn`tn
 KlrdLktar, D`j.
www.klrdlktar.jae

Ä jckra qun vajï pahn pkrtdjdpkr hn uek indrk neprnskrdkc ne suks raupks
 `arekds
par kjksan sn
jkceken`tn ikckr
kpraxden ha snusafrn
stk`h.snu
Eksprahuta
sn vajïaurnkcen`tn
snrvdìa kqunr
qune qunr qun
trk`siarekr
snu stk`h ne uek indrk neprnskrdkc ne uek eëqud`k lnrkhark hn cnkhs, vajï

prnjdskrë kfrkìkr k jkusk sne rnsnrvks. A Xde snludu ks rnlrks pkrk uek indrk
neprnskrdkc fne-sujnhdhk hk iarek jaea iarke nxpcdjkhks `as pkrëlrkias
kjdek. Vnkcdzn ks d`djdktdvks nxtrks pkrk snr `atkha, ktrkdr eavden`ta n
jkpturkr hkhas safrn snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Ja`trktn pnssaks nxtrks jaea
eksskldstks, ue khdvd`ma hn qudraek`jdk au eahncas pkrk ou`tkr-sn â suk
nqudpn n ikznr ha snu stk`h ue åeê pkrk ktrkdr k tahas `k indrk neprnskrdkc. K
neprnsk ha Xde aftnvn ekds cnkhs qun mkvdk aftdha `as sntn k`as k`tnrdarns.
Ä prnjdsa ue pck`noken`ta judhkhasa n ue pauja hn jrdktdvdhkhn, eks vkcn
jkhk nsiarìa nxtrk.

 Nxnrjåjda

Yajï pahn
pnssakc. ikznr
Rnìk nssn pkrk
k tahas nxnrjåjda ne iarek
pn`skrne safrnhn ue wargsmap
tneks jaetar`a
au dhndks ne snu
ha snu prahuta qun pahnrdke snrvdr jaea ue nxjncn`tn nvn`ta ne
uek indrk neprnskrdkc. Yajï pahn ja`sdhnrkr eudtks hks dhndks oë
ainrnjdhks `nstn cdvra. Eks idqun kfnrta k dhndks `avks n hdinrn`tns.

 Nvn`tas hn Jkrdhkhn
Jkrdhkhn
As nvn`tas hn jkrdhkhn sêa vnåjucas hn VR d`jråvnds. Yajï pahn nstruturkr
suk instk hn indrk neprnskrdkc jaea ue nvn`ta hn jkrdhkhn au ikzï-ca
snpkrkhken`tn. Kqud nstêa huks rkzþns prd`jdpkds pncks qukds nssn tdpa hn
nvn`ta ä uek útdek apartu`dhkhn pkrk suk neprnsk?
;. As nvn`tas hn jkrdhkhn rnjnfne uek n`aren quk`tdhkhn hn
pufcdjdhkhn pncks suks d`djdktdvks. Ä eudta ekds iëjdc ktrkdr
pufcdjdhkhn quk`ha ä par uek fak jkusk ha qun quk`ha vajï tn`tk
ktrkdr pufcdjdhkhn pkrk suk prúprdk neprnsk. K pufcdjdhkhn tkefäe
en`jda`krë suk neprnsk hn ek`ndrk eudta pasdtdvk.

6. @k ekdardk has jksas, as nvn`tas jafrne snu justa par sd sú.

Kpn`ks as cujras hn ue nvn`ta vêa â jkrdhkhn. Rnrlu`tn k
 rnstkurk`tns, klï`jdks hn vdkln`s n autras pkrtdjdpk`tns hn indrks
neprnskrdkds pkrk hakr prïedas, prnsn`tns au n`trntn`den`ta hn
iarek qun a vkcar ha nvn`ta pkrk kquncns qun jaepkrnìke vë kcäe

hn ikznr hakìþns. ^e nvn`ta hn jkrdhkhn ktä cmn pnredtn ne rdtea

irn`ätdja k tar`kr-sn uek jncnfrdhkhn pkrk snus ;22 Ekds
Kcenokhas. N vajï ikrë uek fak kìêa `a prajnssa.

Kqud nstêa kclueks dhndks pkrk ue nvn`ta hn jkrdhkhn? Yajï pahnrdk

arlk`dzkr ue instk hn ck`ìken`ta hn ue idcen jae ue jd`nek cajkc sne
n`vacvnr a hdstrdfudhar. [uk`ha trkfkcmnd jae 9=2 qudraprëxdjas par ue k`a
n enda n`sd`k`ha k ncns jaea ikznr suk neprnsks jrnsjnrne, `ús jrdkeas ue
vn`ta pkrk fn`nidjdkr tk`ta k ncns quk`ta k uek jkrdhkhn cajkc hn suk nsjacmk.
Cdlund pkrk a prnsdhn`tn hk Za`y Rdjturns Hdstrdfutda` n hdssn k ncn? –Xn`ma
9=2 eähdjas nspkcmkhas pnca pkås d`tndra qun nstêa hdspastas k praeavnr snu
idcen. Yajï nstë d`tnrnsskha1― Ncn nstkvk n `ús arlk`dzkeas inssks hn
ck`ìken`ta ne ekds hn 622 hks jdhkhns a`hn nssns qudraprëxdjas nstkvke
cajkcdzkhas.
^e qudraprëxdja qun vdvdk ne Hkccks prajurau a tden hn iutnfac
kenrdjk`a Hkccks Jawfays n cmns ja`tau qun nstkvk ikzn`ha ue nvn`ta hn
jkrdhkhn ‚ uek instk hn ck`ìken`ta hn ue idcen hn Maccywaah fne kcd ne
Hkccks. Ncns hdssnrke? –Útdea. N`vdkrneas `assks k`dekharks hn tarjdhk
pkrk cë―. A idcen iad  @a Vdtea hk Hk`ìk  Hk`ìk  n a qudraprëxdja pnhdu âs
k`dekharks hn tarjdhk pkrk hk`ìkrne `a nstkjda`ken`ta hn lrkìk. Yajï kjmk
qun ja`snludrdk ikznr jae qun snus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas jaepkrnjnssne k
ue nvn`ta jaea nssn1 Nssn qudraprëxdja ja`snludu, n as jcdn`tns kcenokhas
ktä pklkrke pkrk dr ka nvn`ta.

NuKqud nstë hn
a jmkea autra ja`jndta rnckjda`kha
a ekrgntd`l d`icuï`jdkka. As
hn d`icuï`jdk. ja`jndta has ;22 Ekds
d`icun`jdkharns Kcenokhas?
ha enrjkha sêa
as cåhnrns ne kclue enrjkha ne pkrtdjuckr? cåhnrns hk jaeu`dhkhn,
prnsdhn`tns hks ekdarns neprnsks au qukcqunr ue qun, ka eastrkr d`tnrnssn
ne kclue prahuta au snrvdìa, kuen`tk a d`tnrnssn has autras. Autra fae
nxnepca sêa ks jncnfrdhkhns. Cnefra-en hn ue kedla enu qun nrk ha`a hn
ue k`tdquërda qun vn`hdk cued`ërdks indtks â eêa. Hnpads qun k Fërfkrk
Ztrndsk`h jaenìau k jacnjda`kr nssks cued`ërdks, snu prnìa trdpcdjau. @a jksa
has qudraprëxdjas, as eähdjas sêa as kcvas ekds departk`tns parqun ncns sêa
uek útdek ia`tn hn d`hdjkìþns. Eudtas has pkrtdjdpk`tns idznrke a ekrgntd`l
 ha nvn`ta hn
prnsn`ìk pkrkueas jk`hdhkta
eähdjas hnprnsdhn`jdkc
suks jdhkhns.
`a Autra qudraprëxdja
nvn`ta. ja`snquduhnk
^skr a ekrgntd`l
d`icuï`jdk jkpkjdtau kquncn qudraprëxdja k ja`snludr k prnsn`ìk hn autrks

pnssaks departk`tns ne snu nvn`ta.

Arlk`dzkr ue nvn`ta hn jkrdhkhn qun rnjnfnu pnssaks têa `atëvnds
kuen`tau k departæ`jdk pÿfcdjk ha qudraprëtdja qun pktrajd`kvk a nvn`ta.
Kcäe hdssa, nssns iarke nvn`tas hn jkrdhkhn vnrhkhndrken`tn `atëvnds oë qun
nrke hdvnrtdhas pkrk tahas n krrnjkhkrke eudta hd`mndra pkrk uek fak jkusk.
Kclu`s hncns iarke kssu`tas rnjarrn`tn par eudtks snek`ks. Nssns
qudraprëtdjas hnjdhdrke qun qunrdke snr ikeasas ne suks jaeu`dhkhns. Zn
vajï qunr snr ikeasa `k suk, arlk`dzn ue nvn`ta hn jkrdhkhn n n`têa ja`vdhn
snus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas n as d`icun`jdkharns ha enrjkha pkrk sn
n`vacvnrne.

 Nxnrjåjda
[une snrdk d`jcuåha ne suk cdstk hn d`icun`jdkharns ha enrjkha1
Jrdn uek cdstk hks pnssaks ekds d`icun`tns pkrk praeavnr snu
prahuta au snrvdìa n khdjda`n-as ka snu ekrgntd`l rnluckren`tn.

A ekds úfvda n iëjdc k sn ikznr ä arlk`dzkr ue jaquntnc, hk`ìk au ok`tkr

jcëssdjas. Ä sdepcns? rnsnrvn a nspkìa, ja`trktn ue HO, pnìk k neprnsks pkrk
hakrne prnsn`tns n prïedas n ja`vdhn pnssaks kctken`tn d`icun`tns. Jafrn
$>2 au ekds par pnssak, n vajï pahnrë tnr ue instêa. Autrk dhndk fak ä
arlk`dzkr uek jnrdeø`dk hn prnedkìêa. Ne uek hks neprnsks qun hdrdld,
arlk`dzkeas uek jnrdeø`dk jmkekhk as –Ckeedns― pkrk as prïedas hn
Rrapklk`hk n hn Ekrgntd`l Ouråhdjas. Jrdkeas `ÿenra eëxdea hn jktnlardks
qun ja`snludeas pn`skr pkrk ma`rkr a eëxdea passåvnc hn ja`vdhkhas. A
ÿrd n as vn`jnharns nstkvke jmndas jae as ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas hk `assk
cdstk. Jafrkeas pkrk ja`jarrnr k ue prïeda n jafrkeas uek tkxk par pnssak
pkrk jaepkrnjnr ka cuxuasa nvn`ta fckjg-tdn, n`têa a nvn`ta `êa justau `khk
pkrk `ús. Ok`tkeas, hk`ìkeas, n`trnlkeas prïedas n hk`ìkeas ue pauja
ekds. Eudtas hn `ús ktä ensea n`jnrrau a nvn`ta jae ue fk`ma `as
kjuzzds ha matnc, instnok`ha ktä kctks marks hk ekhrulkhk. Nssn iad ue
supnrnvn`ta.
 Ks jktnlardks hn prïedas d`jcuåke a encmar k`ÿ`jda, a k`ÿ`jda ekds
jrdktdva, a encmar stk`h hn indrk neprnskrdkc, a encmar prahuta, a khvalkha

rnvnckìêa ha k`a n a hdrntar nxnjutdva ha k`a. Ea`tkeas ue oÿrd hn `atëvnds

idlurks hn klï`jdks hn jaenrjdkds ikeasks n, ä jckra, kclu`s has d`tnlrk`tns
hn `assk nqudpn. Nsjrnvneas ratndras d`tncdln`tns pkrk qun enu pnssakc
kprnsn`tkssn tahas as jk`hdhktas n n`lrkìkhas jaen`tërdas has vn`jnharns
quk`ha ncns kjndtkvke snus prïedas. Hnpads hn ;> k`as, dssa tuha kd`hk nstë
eudta jckra ne ed`mk en`tn jaea ue indta hn ekrgntd`l eudta kcäe hn
qukcqunr jadsk qun oë vd. Yajï prnjdskr tnr eudtk hdspasdìêa pkrk arlk`dzkr
uek pkrk suk d`hÿstrdk au sntar, eks, ed`mk `assk, ä eudta hdvnrtdha n
sktdsiktúrda sn iar indta jarrntken`tn.

 Nxnrjåjda

Nsjrnvk safrn dhndks hn jnrdeø`dks hn prnedkìêa qun vajï snrdk

jkpkz hn rnkcdzkr ne snu indrk neprnskrdkc k`ukc, ne suk
jaeu`dhkhn au pkrk suk praidssêa. [une snrdke ks pnssaks ekds
d`icun`tns hn suk ërnk n qun tdpas hn prïedas vajï pahnrdk hkr k
ncks1 [uk`ta ekds jktnlardks, encmar.

Zuk Rrúprdk Kssajdkìêa Neprnskrdkc

Ks indrks neprnskrdkds sêa útdeks, eks nxdstne autrks ek`ndrks hn kcjk`ìkr
a tap-ai-ed`h par enda hn uek nhujkìêa ha enrjkha. Yajï pahn jrdkr uek
kssajdkìêa neprnskrdkc prúprdk qun fn`nidjdkssn suk d`hÿstrdk. Yajï pahn ktä
n`vacvnr snus ja`jarrn`tns. Ncns kharkrêa vdr ka snu nvn`ta parqun snus
jcdn`tns kcenokhas nstkrêa cë tkefäe, eks vajï nstkrë `k pasdìêa hn
praned`ï`jdk, oë qun k kssajdkìêa neprnskrdkc ä suk. Rnìk kas snus ;22 Ekds
Kcenokhas pkrk pkrtdjdpkr hn jaedtïs, snrne a prnsdhn`tn hn sufjaedtïs n
ikznr pkrtn ha ja`sncma hn khed`dstrkìêa. ^ek kssajdkìêa neprnskrdkc jae
afontdvas `afrns ä nidjkz. Më kclue prafcnek ne suk d`hÿstrdk qun vajïs
passke ou`tkr iarìks1 Zn vajï arlk`dzkr as pckynrs hk d`hÿstrdk ka rnhar hn
uek qunstêa departk`tn, vajï haed`krë k d`hÿstrdk.

Autrks Dhndks Nhujktdvks

 Jnrtk vnz ainrnjd uek pkcnstrk safrn k d`hÿstrdk pkrk tahas enus jcdn`tns.
Jafrnd k n`trkhk n ncns pklkrke jae sktdsikìêa. Xå`mkeas >8 pkcnstrk`tns,

eudtas has qukds ikzdke pkrtn hk ed`mk cdstk has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.
Xdvneas vd`tn n sntn pkcnstrks jae snssþns hn frnkgaut n hads ikeasas
pkcnstrk`tns hn hnstkqun, ue has qukds nrk a Oky Cnvd`sa`, kutar hk särdk
Lunrrdcck Ekrgntd`l.
Ekrgntd`l.
Yajï tkefäe pahn arlk`dzkr uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk pkrk snus
jcdn`tns. Nu rnkcdza uek hnssks tncnja`inrï`jdks pkrk prktdjken`tn tahk k
neprnsk qun en ja`trktk. ^e hn enus jcdn`tns ä ha`a hn uek hks ekdarns
ikzn`hks hn jrdkìêa hn pktas ha pkås. Ncn vn`hn `khk ekds qun k rnstkurk`tns
Jmd`nsns, eks ncn qunrdk nxpk`hdr snus `nlújdas pkrk tahas as rnstkurk`tns.
Arlk`dzkeas uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk pkrk ncn a`hn as praprdntërdas hn
rnstkurk`tns pahdke kprn`hnr eudtas truquns pkrk kuen`tkr a eavden`ta hn
jcdn`tns. @a id`kc hk ja`inrï`jdk, ikckeas safrn a kuen`ta hk papuckrdhkhn
hn pktas jaea a prkta prd`jdpkc.
A jcdn`tn qun vn`hn snrvdìas hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns qunrdk nxpk`hdr snu
kcjk`jn pkrk praidssda`kds hn hnjarkìêa hn d`tnrdarns oë qun sêa
d`icun`jdkharns ha enrjkha ne jksks hn jckssn kctk. @nstn jksa, ainrnjneas
uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk eastrk`ha kas hnjarkharns jaea aftnr ekds
jcdn`tns n ekds cujra has jcdn`tns ktukds. ^ek ek`ndrk nrk d`hdjk`ha nssk
neprnsk hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns n tkpntns, k qukc hkrdk uek jaedssêa pkrk
jkhk jcdn`tn n`vdkha k ncns. A jcdn`tn hn cdepnzk hn jkrpntns tkefäe td`mk
ue prahuta qun pratnldk eúvnds n tkpntns ja`trk ek`jmks n cåqudhas. N`têa k
ÿctdek pkrtn hk ja`inrï`jdk ikcau safrn jaea nssns hnjarkharns pahnrdke
rnjnfnr ue lk`ma nxtrk ainrnjn`ha nssk jkekhk hn pratnìêa jaea uek
vn`hk khdjda`kc
pkrk kln`hkr n jaeasned-k`ukds.
cdepnzks pahnrdke rnldstrkr snus jcdn`tns `a Znrvdìa hn Aura

 Nxnrjåjda
[un tdpa hn tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr kas
snus jcdn`tns qun ncns pkrtdjdpkrdke jae prkznr1 [un tdpa hn
pkcnstrk`tn ktrkdrdk ue lrk`hn `ÿenra hnssns jcdn`tns1 Yajï kpn`ks
 prnjdskrdk ha pkcnstrk`tn par uek mark ne uek tncnja`inrï`jdk. Zn
vajï ja`snludr ktrkdr uek fak kuhdï`jdk pkrk k tncnja`inrï`jdk, k
ekdardk has pkcnstrk`tns kjndtkrë pkrtdjdpkr ensea par ue fkdxa

justa.

Krek hn Ekrgntd`l <? K D`tnr`nt

Ne ;44>, kpn`ks `avn edcmþns hn pnssaks uskvke nssk krek hn ekrgntd`l.
Nssn `ÿenra pucau pkrk ;2> edcmþns ne kpn`ks quktra k`as. Maon,
prktdjken`tn tahas k utdcdzke. K Kekza`.jae
Kekza`.jae   pahn ktä tnr n`ja`trkha
hdidjuchkhns ne snus k`as d`djdkds, eks ensea kssde tdrau $; edcmêa hn
pkrtdjdpkìêa ha enrjkha hks autrks cdvrkrdks. Rarqun k Kekza` jrnsjnu
u`tken`tn jae k D`tnr`nt, k neprnsk kcjk`ìau $; fdcmêa hn vn`hks ne
kpn`ks quktra k`as. K`tns hk D`tnr`nt, autras vn`hnharns hn cdvras (jkhndks
hn cdvrkrdks) cnvkvke >2 k`as pkrk ktd`ldr uek vn`hk k`ukc hn $; fdcmêa. K
D`tnr`nt tkefäe pahn jrdkr uek apartu`dhkhn ekl`åidjk au pahn tar`kr-sn
snu pdar pnskhnca hk `adtn pkrk a hdk sn kclue ja`jarrn`tn kprn`hnr k utdcdzë-
ck encmar qun vajï.
Më cdvras qun trktke nxjcusdvken`tn hnstn kssu`ta, eks kqud nstë ed`mk
kfarhklne ne jd`ja pkssas pkrk n`jkdxkr dssa k tahks ks suks autrks
d`djdktdvks?

;. Jkpturn cnkhs.
6. Ja`struk ue rnckjda`ken`ta.
:. D`tnrkok a eëxdea passåvnc.
8. Ainrnìk uek pkcnstrk a`cd`n.
>. Xrk`siaren a eavden`ta ne vn`hks.

^ek hks cdìþns ekds vkcdasks qun kprn`hd safrn k jrdkìêa hn ue fk`ja hn
hkhas skuhëvnc ä a ja`jndta hk pëld`k ha –sde tåedha― n`sd`khk par Kcnx
Ek`hassdk`. Ed`mk pëld`k d`djdkc hn D`tnr`nt, www.jmntmacens.jae,
www.jmntmacens.jae, nstë
jmndk hn apartu`dhkhns hn rnjnfnr frd`hns. @a eaen`ta ne qun nsjrnva dssa,
nssk pëld`k nstë rnjnfn`ha >6 edc vdsdtks en`skcen`tn. As vdsdtk`tns sêa
`arekcen`tn ks pnssaks qun oë en auvdrke hkr kcluek pkcnstrk, cnrke kclue
hn enus krtdlas, auvdrke ikckr safrn ede par autrk pnssak au hn kclue
 ekrgntd`l qun idzneas. @nssk ensek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt, n ka id`kc hn jkhk
krtdla, kqunck pëld`k cmn ainrnjn uek apartu`dhkhn hn kssd`kturk pkrk ue

facntde d`iarektdva lrktudta, uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk lrktudtk, ue

nvn`ta lrktudta, n kssde par hdk`tn. N jae tahks nssks ainrtks, kpn`ks hn ;% k
:% has vdsdtk`tns kssd`ke. Dssa rnprnsn`tk hn >62 k ;.>92 has >6 edc
vdsdtk`tns.
Nssk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt tne autras usas kcäe hn jkpturkr cnkhs, jaea k
ja`struìêa hk ekrjk n kouhkr as cndtarns k sn ikedcdkrdzkrne jae enu
ektnrdkc. Eks dekld`n sú jaea snrdk d`nidjdn`tn k`u`jdkr nssk pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt `a rëhda, par nxnepca. Nu pklkrdk edcmkrns hn húckrns pkrk jkpturkr
cnkhs n kpn`ks uek hded`utk parjn`tklne hnssns cnkhs sn d`sjrnvnrdke pkrk
rnjnfnr nekdcs hn autrks praeaìþns. N hnpads as n-ekdcs jae nssks
praeaìþns tkcvnz `ne snoke kfnrtas par ncns.
Rartk`ta, usk`ha a ja`jndta ha –sde tåedha―, `ús jrdkeas autrk pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt. A Kcnx jaepkrk k vdsdtk k uek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt k tn`tkr ekrjkr

ue n`ja`tra
n`ja`tra, vajïraeæ`tdja. Zn vajï
pravkvncen`tn `êapnhdr k kcluäe
rnjnfnrë ne Eks
ue sde. jksken`ta
sn vajï`ak ja`vdhkr
prdendra
pkrk taekr ue jkiä, tkcvnz snu ja`vdtn snok kjndta. Ä hdiåjdc rnjuskr uek
xåjkrk hn jkiä quk`ta sn nstë `a enrjkha raeæ`tdja n vajï sdepktdzk jae k
pnssak. Rar dssa, ä ue pkssa ekds iëjdc.
Cnvk`ha nssk cd`mk hn pn`sken`ta ka ja`jndta hn uek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt,
ed`mk pëld`k d`djdkc `êa ä `khk sutdc, jae ainrtks n jmkekhas â kìêa vd`ha
hn tahks ks hdrnìþns. Dssa `êa ä rude, eks k hdrnìêa qun `assa
rnckjda`ken`ta taekrë ä ja`iusk. Yajï prnjdsk hnjdhdr a qun ikrë uek vnz
qun nstë `k ed`mk pëld`k d`djdkc, n nu `êa tn`ma ja`tracn safrn suk nsjacmk.
@nssk
k uek ensek
pkcnstrkpëld`k
a`cd`n.d`djdkc, nu tkefäe
Hks pnssaks qun ainrnìa
vdsdtke uek apartu`dhkhn
k pëld`k hn kssdstdr
hk D`tnr`nt, tkcvnz
uek ne >6 edc rnkcen`tn sn d`sjrnvke pkrk pkrtdjdpkr hn uek pkcnstrk
a`cd`n.
As enus krtdlas n n`trnvdstks, ne vnz hn hdrnjda`kr ks pnssaks k
www.jmntmacens.jae
www.jmntmacens.jae,, a`hn më ;22 nsjacmks ha qun pahne ikznr, ks
hdrnjda`ke pkrk autrk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt qun jrdnd, k
www.mawtahaufcnskcns.jae
www.mawtahaufcnskcns.jae.. Nssk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt ainrnjn kpn`ks uek
ÿ`djk nsjacmk kas vdsdtk`tns? d`iaren snu n`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc n kssdstk k ue
våhna hn quktra ed`utas safrn jaea hafrkr suks vn`hks. @nssk pëld`k hk
 D`tnr`nt më ue jurta pkrëlrkia jae ue jaepa`n`tn hn våhna jae k ed`mk
vaz hk`ha-cmn faks vd`hks â pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt. Rkrk n`trkr `nstk pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt, vajï prnjdskrë iar`njnr kpn`ks snu prdendra `aen n snu n`hnrnìa hn

n-ekdc. @êa më autrks nsjacmks, `khk pkrk hdstrkå-ca. Dekld`n dssa? D`jråvnds
:<% hks pnssaks qun vdsdtke k pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt iar`njne k d`iarekìêa.
Dssa kuen`tau enu fk`ja hn hkhas rkhdjkcen`tn ne ue pnråaha eudta jurta
hn tnepa. Has qun iar`njnrke ks d`iarekìþns pnssakds, hn 6 k 9% hnjdhdrke
hkr a prúxdea pkssa, a qukc ä pkrtdjdpkr hn uek pkcnstrk a`cd`n. N`têa, sn nu
nstau rnjnfn`ha ;2 edc vdsdtks hn pnssaks hdinrn`tns, :.<22 hncks en
iar`njnrêa snu n`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc n, hnssks, hn <8 k 666 hnjdhdrêa pkrtdjdpkr
hk pkcnstrk a`cd`n.
N`têa, hn iarek nidjkz, `ús iaeas hn uek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt a`hn kpn`ks
ue has >6 edc vdsdtk`tns hkvke a prúxdea pkssa rnjaen`hkha, â pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt ha tåedha sde, jae ;2 edc vdsdtks n hn <8 k 666 pnssaks hk`ha a
prúxdea pkssa rnjaen`hkha. Jae ue qud`ta ha eavden`ta, `ús nstëvkeas
rnjnfn`ha pnca en`as <8 vnzns ekds rnsuctkhas. Dssa ä uek encmark eudta

lrk`hn n eastrk
uek nsjacmk qun kprajnhnr
hn jaea pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt
ä uek ha sde nidjkz
inrrken`tk sutdc qun
pkrkainrnjdk
jkpturkrkpn`ks
cnkhs.
Ks neprnsks hnvnrdke tnr pëld`ks hk D`tnr`nt jaea nssn qun sêa
nspnjdkcen`tn jrdkhas pkrk jkpturkr cnkhs. Au ne suk pëld`k d`djdkc, vajï
prnjdsk pasdjda`kr a lrëidja au ainrtk hn jkpturkr cnkhs `a cajkc a`hn ktrkdr k
ekdar ktn`ìêa.

Ks Rëld`ks hk D`tnr`nt

Ks pëld`ks hn D`tnr`nt sairne has enseas prafcneks qun k ekdardk has

pk`icntas. @k suk ekdardk, sêa pnìks hn nla vk`lcardk`ha-sn. Ne ja`trkstn,
uek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt qun ainrnjn d`iarekìþns vkcdasks kas snus jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds pahn tar`kr-sn ne uek nspäjdn hn jaeu`dhkhn, ue culkr a`hn
snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds vêa k pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt pkrk hkr uek acmkhk `ks
`avdhkhns, aftnr d`iarekìêa, d`tnrkldr jae vajï, n ja`mnjï-ca encmar.
Hdspa`dfdcdzn krtdlas lrktudtas, nhujktdvas lrktudtas, sau`hfdtns n d`sdlmts
lrktudtas. ^ek vnz qun as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds sn d`sjrnvne ne suk pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt ha sde tåedha, ja`njtn-as ka rnsta hn snu eu`ha jae ue nekdc hn
 iaccaw-up au jae ue cd`g qun kpkrnìk kclue tnepa hn hnpads ha pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt ha sde tåedha. Cnefrn-sn, a afontdva ä jrdkr ue pralrkek hn
ekrgntd`l `a qukc tahks ks pkrtns iu`jda`ne ou`tks jae uek eëqud`k

kid`khk. N`têa, suk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt hnvn snr fkstk`tn pkrnjdhk vdsukcen`tn
jae snus pk`icntas n ekck hdrntk, usk`ha as enseas lrëidjas, tåtucas n hkhas
hn enrjkha hn snu ratndra jn`trkc.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca [uktra, `êa departk a tdpa hn prahuta au
snrvdìa qun vajï ainrnìk, më d`iarekìþns vkcdasks pkrk snus jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds qun pahne d`tn`sdidjkr k mkfdcdhkhn hn nspkcmkr suk ikek n
kvk`ìkr suk ekrjk. K d`iarekìêa `k suk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt ikrë jae qun as
enjk`dseas hn fusjk cmn n`vdne kd`hk ekds cnkhs. N n`têa, uek vnz qun ks
pnssaks vêa k pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt parqun ja`täe d`iarekìþns vkcdasks pkrk
ncns, vajï pahnrë hkr ue pkssa kcäe n ainrnjnr uek pkcnstrk a`cd`n n
tncnja`inrï`jdks ne ekssk pkrk n`sd`ë-cas k snrne ekds fne-sujnhdhas `k
ërnk hn ktukìêa qun jad`jdhn jae a snu prahuta au snrvdìa. Dssa cmn kouhkrë k
ja`mnjnr snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds kd`hk ekds k iu`ha. N`têa, ja`sdhnrn suk

pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt
snus jcdn`tns jaeaquk`ha
patn`jdkds sn iassnncns
uek jaeu`dhkhn
vêa vdstk-ck. qun ainrnjn fn`niåjdas kas
[uk`ha nu nstkvk `a sntar hn prapklk`hk, jastuekvk ainrnjnr pkcnstrks
lrktudtks pkrk k`u`jdk`tns safrn jaea jrdkr fa`s k`ÿ`jdas (a ektnrdkc `nstn
jkpåtuca iad a ja`tnÿha). Dssa `êa ikz eudta tnepa, eks hnshn n`têa k
departæ`jdk hk D`tnr`nt nstaurau. Zn nu vn`hnssn kquncns k`ÿ`jdas maon, nu
hkrdk nssk pkcnstrk a`cd`n. Rn`sn ne jaea dssa hded`ud as justas hn vdklne.
Nu jastuekvk vakr par taha a pkås pkrk ikznr nssks kprnsn`tkìþns. N nrk ekds
hdiåjdc kln`hkr rnu`dþns.
A ja`jndta hn ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva qun vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca
[uktra
D`tnr`nt.iu`jda`k
Kqud nstëeêa ne eêa prd`jdpkc
a krluen`ta jae k mkfdcdhkhn hnmaon?
qun nu ikrdk rnkcdzkr
–[unktdvdhkhns `k
tkc kprn`hnr
k tar`kr snus k`ÿ`jdas cdtnrkcen`tn ;2 vnzns ekds nidjkzns1 N vajï pahn ikzï-
ca ha ja`iarta hk suk jkhndrk prnhdcntk ha nsjrdtúrda―. Ä hdiåjdc rnsdstdr k uek
ainrtk jaea nssks.
Nu pahnrdk hkr eudtas nxnepcas pkrk hntkcmkr a eahnca hn jaea
trk`siarekr suk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt ne uek jaeu`dhkhn. As nxnepcas kfkdxa
sêa sdepcns n kclu`s ktä ue pauja sdepcúrdas, eks jkhk ue cmn eastrkrë a
quêa ca`ln nssn ja`jndta pahnrë cmn cnvkr n jaea a kouhkrë k jkpturkr ekds
cnkhs n k ja`strudr uek ekrjk encmar.
 Zn vajï vn`hn ëluk (jaea ue nxnepca eu`hk`a), vajï pahnrdk tnr uek
pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt jae –Xuha a qun vajï qunrdk skfnr safrn k ëluk― au
–Xuha a qun vajï hnvnrdk skfnr safrn k ëluk―. Nssk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt n`têa

pahnrdk eastrkr tahks ks jadsks qun k ëluk ikz pnca snu jarpa. Rahnrdk
nxpcdjkr parqun prnjdskeas fnfnr ëluk, quk`tk ëluk hnvneas d`lnrdr, qukc a
stktus hk ëluk `a pck`ntk, qukds sêa as hdinrn`tns khdtdvas `k ëluk qun
fnfneas maon, n a qun nstë kja`tnjn`ha jae `assk ëluk hk tar`ndrk maon ne
hdk. Ka ikznr prapklk`hk hn suk ëluk, vajï pahn n`vdkr ks pnssaks k suk
pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt pkrk kprn`hnr –Ks jd`ja jadsks ekds pnrdlasks qun tahas
hnvnrdke skfnr safrn k ëluk maon―. Jacaqun nssn pnqun`a jmkektdva ne jkhk
lkrrkik hn ëluk qun vajï vn`hnr, ne jkhk k`ÿ`jda qun vajï hdvuclkr, n kssde
par hdk`tn. N`têa, jacaqun uek irksn `k tnck qun hdz? –[unr tar`kr snus
kedlas ekds skuhëvnds1 N`vdn-as k nssk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt n ja`jarrk k uek
jmk`jn hn lk`mkr ue jkrra znra qudcøentra.― Zartndn ue jkrra par k`a n
edcmþns hn cnkhs n`vdkrêa kd`hk autras â suk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt, a`hn vajï
praeavnrë suk ekrjk ne rdtea irn`ätdja ‚ n, ä jckra, jkpturkrë n-ekdcs. Nssk

ä uek ek`ndrk
Zn snu lrktudtk
prahuta hn praeavnr
iar jrnen suk ekrjk.
hn fkrfnkr, vajï pahnrë uskr a tåtuca? –Ks jd`ja
jadsks qun vajï prnjdsk skfnr safrn jrnen hn fkrfnkr n qukds ks hdinrn`tns
ek`ndrks hn jaea ncn pahn kintkr snu jarpa―. Kcäe hdssa, vajï pahn d`jcudr
hdjks hn jaea fkrfnkr, ks encmarns ek`ndrks pkrk sn fkrfnkr n a qun taha
avne lastkrdk hn skfnr quk`ha jmnlk k mark hn fkrfnkr. Xúpdjas hn hnstkqun
jaea k nstruturk hn vërdas jrnens hn fkrfnkr n a depkjta qun fkrfnkr tne ne
suk pncn. Yajï pahnrdk ktä ja`tkr k mdstúrdk safrn k prëtdjk hn fkrfnkr.
[uk`ha jaenìau1 Jaea jaenìau1 [une d`djdau nssk prëtdjk1
Rn`sn fne? Zn vajï en`jda`kr nssk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt ne tahas as culkrns
a`hn
nssns vajï oë nstëk pëld`k
ja`sncmas, praeavn`ha snu prahuta
hk D`tnr`nt jaea
sn tar`krë uekue culkr
ia`tn ja`tn`ha tahas
hn d`iarekìêa qun
ks pnssaks n`vdkrêa ueks âs autrks hn iarek k aftnr nssks hdjks. Rar dssa, a
ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva kjncnrkrë snu kcjk`jn n kuen`tkrë a ekrgntd`l fajk-k-
fajk. Rnca kear hn Hnus, nssk ä k Nrk hk D`iarekìêa, n`têa iar`nìk a
eëxdea hn d`iarekìþns passåvnds.
Dssa pahn tar`kr-sn ekds d`tnrnssk`tn sn snu prahuta au snrvdìa iarne ekds
d`tnrnssk`tns, eks taha prahuta au snrvdìa pahn jrdkr uek jaeu`dhkhn ‚ ktä
ensea ëluk ed`nrkc au jrnen hn fkrfnkr. Nu pahnrdk nsjrnvnr ue jkpåtuca
jmnda hn dhndks hn jaea nxpk`hdr nssn ja`jndta, eks vajï d`nvdtkvncen`tn
 ikrë dssa par sd ensea ka d`djdkr nssn prajnssa. Zdepcnsen`tn vnok suk
pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt jaea sn iassn uek jaeu`dhkhn. Iaqun-sn `nck, `êa ne
vajï, n tn`tn uskr tahks ks apartu`dhkhns pkrk n`vacvnr-sn jae n snrvdr

kqunck jaeu`dhkhn.
^e fae nxnepca hn uek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt qun ja`strudu uek
jaeu`dhkhn ä k Zta`yidnch Ikres, ue prahutar hn cktdjå`das arlæ`djas
(dalurtn, cndtn ntj.). Zuk pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt ainrnjn d`iarekìþns
surprnn`hn`tns safrn kcden`tas arlæ`djas n jaea kouhkr k pratnlnr a pck`ntk.
Xkefäe iar`njn rnjndtks n uek n`aren quk`tdhkhn hn d`iarekìêa hn fne-
nstkr n skÿhn. Kcla qun pahnrdke ikznr pkrk encmarkr suk jaeu`dhkhn ä
praeavnr ue pralrkek hn kssd`k`tns hn lrk`hn hnstkqun. @k äpajk ne qun
nu nsjrnvd dssa, ncns `êa td`mke `n`mue facntde d`iarektdva ikjdcen`tn
cajkcdzëvnc au qukcqunr autrk apartu`dhkhn hn kssd`kturk qun as d`tnlrkssne
ekds kas ja`suedharns. Zn n`vdkssne kclu`s hn snus krtdlas hdrntken`tn kas
ja`suedharns, kclu`s hnssns ja`suedharns pahnrdke n`jked`mkr nssk
d`iarekìêa k kedlas n ikeåcdk, hnssk iarek usk`ha k D`tnr`nt jaea ue

vnåjuca pkrk rkhdjkcen`tn encmarkr au kuen`tkr a ekrgntd`l fajk-k-fajk hk

Zta`yidnch.
Ä jckra qun kclueks pnssaks jaentnrêa nrras. Hnpads hn n`sd`kr nssn
ektnrdkc, nu ks vnzns en hnpkra jae kcluäe qun kprn`hnu as ja`jndtas n
lastau eudta hncns eks qun, `k nxnjuìêa, pnrhnu k nssï`jdk hk en`sklne.
Rar nxnepca, nu vnoa kclu`s nstuhk`tns hnstn ja`jndta kpkrnjnrne jae ks
–jd`ja rkzþns pncks qukds `assa prahuta ä encmar qun a hn qukcqunr autra―.
Dssa nstë iajkha ne qune1 [une sn departk jae ks jd`ja rkzþns1 A qun nu
en departa sêa jae ks jd`ja jadsks qun nu prnjdsa kprn`hnr snrêa ÿtnds pkrk
ede. Zn vajï qudsnr n`sd`kr ja`jndtas nhujktdvas, nsjacmk d`iarekìþns hn
qukcdhkhn.
prahuta auN n`têa,
snrvdìa`ajaea
hnjarrnr
uehanxnepca,
pralrkeknnhujktdva,
ä `nssn vajï pahnrëqun
eaen`ta uskrvajï
snu
praeavnrë snu prahuta ‚ eks sneprn hk pnrspnjtdvk hn –qukc ä a fn`niåjda
pkrk a jcdn`tn―.

Ja`jcusêa
K jmkvn pkrk tahks nssks kreks hn ekrgntd`l ä qun ncks iu`jda`ne ou`tks.
 Xn`mk ueknssn`jdkds
ncnen`tas rnu`dêa en`skc `k qukc nvajï
hn ekrgntd`l k`kcdsnuek
n`ja`trn jkhkek`ndrk
ue hashnsnus Zntn
ikzï-cas
iu`jda`kr ou`tas ekds nidjkzen`tn. Znus krtdlas nstêa `k D`tnr`nt1 As snus

vn`hnharns uske nssns krtdlas1 Zuk prapklk`hk tkefäe jkpturk cnkhs pkrk k
jaeu`dhkhn hk D`tnr`nt qun vajï ja`strudu1 Yajï nstë usk`ha jkhk
apartu`dhkhn pkrk praeavnr d`hdjkìþns1 Zuk nqudpn hn vn`hks nstë
ainrnjn`ha d`iarekìþn lrktudtks1 Ikìk tuha dssa iu`jda`kr ou`ta.

Kqud nstë uek cdstk has Zntn Ncnen`tas hn iarek rnsuedhk?

;. Rrapklk`hk
6. Ekck hdrntk
:. Cdtnrkturk jarparktdvk? pk`icntas, pnìks praeajda`kds
8. Vnckìþns pÿfcdjks
>. Ja`tktas pnssakds? vn`hnharns, rnprnsn`tk`tns hn ktn`hden`ta ka
ja`suedhar
9. Nhujkìêa ha Enrjkha? indrks neprnskrdkds, pkcnstrks d`tnrktdvks,
nsiarìas hn ekrgntd`l ne nstdca Jmnt jaea hnsjrdtks `a Jkpåtuca
Znds
<. D`tnr`nt? pëld`ks hn D`tnr`nt, nsiarìas hn n-ekdc n ekrgntd`l hn
kidcdkhas.
 

K Departæ`jdk ha Acmkr
Ktrkdk n Ja`qudstn Ekds Ja`suedharns ka ^skr Vnjursas
Ydsukds Ekds Ja`vd`jn`tns, N, as Ekdarns Nrras [un Xahas
Jaentne Ka Ikznr uek Kprnsn`tkìêa

Jaea vajï kprn`hnrë ka ca`la hnstn cdvra, ja`strudr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn

Yn`hks `êa sn trktk kpn`ks safrn vn`hks, eks tkefäe jaea kid`kr jkhk
kspnjta hn snu `nlújda pkrk apnrkr jae prnjdsêa. Yajï tkefäe kprn`hnrë k
uskr as rnjursas vdsukds jae ue nindta trnen`ha k ktrkdr ekds ja`
ja`suedharns,
d`icun`jdë-cas ekds nidjkzen`tn, n injmkr ekds vn`hks uek vnz qun vajï
nstnok irn`tn k irn`tn jae ncns.
@ús, muek`as, cnefrkea-`as hn 62% ha qun auvdeas n :2% ha qun
vneas, eks cnefrkeas >2% ha qun vneas n auvdeas ka ensea tnepa<.
Afvdken`tn, a depkjta hk suk jaeu`djkìêa snrë quksn trïs vnzns ekdar sn
vajï uskr as rnjursas vdsukds ne jaepkrkìêa k `êa usë-cas. K d`iarekìêa
qun ä vdsukcen`tn dcustrkhk n jaeu`djkhk tne ue depkjta hrkeëtdja n hdrnta
`a järnfra.
[uk`ha nu nrk a encmar vn`hnhar ne uek neprnsk qun trkfkcmnd, cnefra-
en hn snr eudta rnsdstn`tn quk`ha sn trktkvk hn uskr rnjursas vdsukds. –Nu `êa
prnjdsa hdssa―, nu hdzdk. –Zau ue has encmarns vn`hnharns―. N n`têa idz ue
jursa kvk`ìkha qun eastrkvk `êa sú a quêa pahnrasa sêa as rnjursas vdsukds,
eks tkefäe qun ncns kouhke k injmkr ekds vn`hks par vkcarns ekds kctas. Ä
dssa ensea. Rnlun a ensea prahuta n kprnsn`tn-a hdrntken`tn ka jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc sú jae suks pkckvrks n n`têa kprnsn`tn a ensea prahuta usk`ha
rnjursas vdsukds. Yajï vnrë qun `êa kpn`ks aftnrë ue `ÿenra ekdar hn
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds, eks ncns hn ikta pklkrêa ekds pnca ensea prahuta. Nssn
pnhkìa hn d`iarekìêa iad a suidjdn`tn pkrk en ja`vn`jnr. Jaenjnd k uskr
rnjursas vdsukds ne tahks ks sdtukìþns hn vn`hk.
 hn Maon, jaea ue
trnd`ken`ta trnd`khar,
n pnrjnfd qunsneprn
tar`keusa
as rnjursas
pralrkeksvdsukds
eudtaneekds
enus pralrkeks
nidjkzns. Ne
uek pkcnstrk rnjn`tn, nu nstkvk ikck`ha ne irn`tn pkrk ;.>22 hdrntarns

nxnjutdvas usk`ha scdhns qun hurkvke kclu`s snlu`has jkhk pkrk dcustrkr
enus krluen`tas. Nu nstkvk prassnlud`ha k kprnsn`tkìêa jae k euhk`ìk
sdstneëtdjk has scdhns quk`ha jmnlund `k pkrtn a`hn nu nxpcdjkvk jaea as
rnjursas vdsukds sêa pahnrasas. @nssn eaen`ta, rnpn`td`ken`tn hndxnd k tnck
ne frk`ja n pnrlu`tnd k pcktndk? –A qun kjkfau hn kja`tnjnr jae nssk
nxpnrdï`jdk hn jaeu`djkìêa1― Nrk passåvnc sn`tdr a jcdek. Jkhk pnssak
`kqunck skck skfdk qun k nxpnrdï`jdk mkvdk tnred`kha hn iarek sÿfdtk.
@kquncn eaen`ta, ncns hnjdhdrke qun nrk encmar jaenìkrne cala k uskr
ekds rnjursas vdsukds pkrk encmarkr suk jaeu`djkìêa.

K Departæ`jdk ha Acmkr

=>% hk d`iarekìêa qun jmnlk ka järnfra n`trk pncas acmas. K ekdar pkrtn ha
järnfra ä rnsnrvkhk kpn`ks pkrk cdhkr jae d`iarekìþns aftdhks vdsukcen`tn.
Ne ed`mks pkcnstrks, nu pnrlu`ta âs pnssaks? –[uk`tks dekln`s vajïs kjmke
qun snus acmas ja`snlune prajnsskr ne uek ÿ`djk acmkhk1― Ncks rnspa`hne
ne vaz kctk? –Yd`tn!― au –Huzn`tks!― N n`têa `a scdhn snlud`tn nu eastra
uek vdstk kärnk hn uek lrk`hn jdhkhn jae edcmþns hn dekln`s. Afvdken`tn
as acmas pahne kfsarvnr ekds qun 62 dekln`s ne ue ÿ`dja rnck`jn. Jae as
acmas ikzn`ha ue departk`tn pkpnc `a prajnssa hn jaeu`djkìêa, vajï snrdk
cauja sn `êa uskssn rnjursas vdsukds k jkhk apartu`dhkhn.
Zn vajï rnkcdzkr snu prajnssa hn vn`hks n ekrgntd`l dl`ark`ha nssns
pahnrasas jaepa`n`tns vdsukds, `êa ikrë eudtk hdinrn`ìk sn vajï rnkcdzkr suk
jkepk`mk hn`tra hn ue kreërda. Zn mauvnr kcluek ikcmk `k nstdeuckìêa has
acmas, a järnfra pnrhnrë k ja`jn`trkìêa. Jaea iad en`jda`kha `k pkrtn hn
jaenrjdkds hn rëhda `a jkpåtuca k`tnrdar, a järnfra pahn kfsarvnr d`iarekìêa
k uek vncajdhkhn hn 822 k >22 pkckvrks par ed`uta, eks ks pnssaks ikcke
kpn`ks k uek vncajdhkhn hn ;6> pkckvrks par ed`uta. Rahneas kfsarvnr
eudta ekds qun rnjnfneas ne uek ja`vnrskìêa `arekc au ktä ne uek
pkcnstrk sn ja`snludeas prnstkr ktn`ìêa.
ktn`ìêa. ^ek kprnsn`tkìêa vdsukcen`tn rdjk
ek`täe as acmas ajupkhas n, partk`ta, ek`täe k en`tn ekds ktdvk n kcnrtk
 pkr kprn`hnr k d`iarekìêa qun vajï nstë kprnsn`tk`ha.

K Jar Xkefäe Kouhk

Më eudtas nstuhas safrn a depkjta hn uskr jarns ne vnz hn uskr kpn`ks prnta
nkefdn`tn
frk`ja ne suk jaeu`djkìêa.
khnqukha Ks jarns nktrkne
pkrk suk kprnsn`tkìêa as acmas,
jkhk uek tne uekouhke k jrdkr a
nindta hdinrn`tn
ne qune nstë kssdstd`ha. N`quk`ta a vnrencma ä k jar qun ktrkd ekds a acmkr,
tkcvnz `êa snok k jar dhnkc pkrk snr uskhk ne tuha. A vnrencma hn`atk pkdxêa,
eks tkefäe ä k jar ha pnrdla, sk`lun au nstkr `a –vnrencma― `k suk ja`tk
fk`jërdk. A kzuc trk`sedtn k dhndk hn kcla oë tnstkha n jaepravkha, eks
tkefäe sdl`didjk irnsja n rnirnsjk`tn. Yajï `atkrë qun k ekdardk hks
neprnsks hn ëluk ed`nrkc usk a kzuc, oë qun ä k jar hn `assas ajnk`as. A
ckrk`ok trk`sedtn vkcar. Rn`sn safrn a Mawkrh Oam`sa`—s au safrn a Maen
Hnpat ‚ ncns uske a ckrk`ok parqun më nstuhas qun eastrke qun nssk jar
hn`atk fa`s vkcarns. A vnrhn ä k jar ha hd`mndra, eks tkefäe ä k jar hn
martkcdìks irnsjks hk martk. Jaea sn pahn vnr, k jar tne ue depkjta. Rn`sn
safrn ks jarns qun vajï qunr uskr. N, jnrtken`tn, pkrk suk deklne
jarparktdvk, vajï prninrdrë uskr uek jar qun encmar sn n`jkdxn k suk
en`sklne prd`jdpkc.=
As lrëidjas au ks iatas hn pnssaks sêa pkrtdjuckren`tn nidjkzns. A jarpa
iåsdja ä k iarek ekds ktrkn`tn pkrk `ús parqun ä k iarek ekds ikedcdkr. [uksn
qukcqunr pkrtn ha jarpa jmkek `assk ktn`ìêa, d`jcud`ha ks eêas, as aefras
au a rasta. Ktä ensea ka acmkreas pkrk iatas hn iärdks jae cd`hks pkdskln`s,
as acmas hk ekdardk hks pnssaks sêa hdrdldhas pkrk ks pnssaks `k iata k`tns
ensea hn ja`sdhnrkrne a rnsta hk pkdsklne.
Ne ed`mks kprnsn`tkìþns, usa ue lrëidja ne jkhk pkd`nc n jkhk ërnk safrn
k qukc ikca tar`k-sn a qun jmkea hn ue staryfakrh. [uk`ha kprnsn`ta k
d`iarekìêa safrn a qun ktrkd as acmas muek`as, jacaja ue lrëidja hn ue
maene iartn n skuhëvnc jarrn`ha `k prkdk. K snludr jacaja a lrëidja hn uek
eucmnr ne uek pdsjd`k. Hnpads, pnrlu`ta ks pnssaks qukc nrk k deklne hn
iu`ha. @arekcen`tn, quksn `êa rnpkrke `nck. Eks sêa jkpkzns
jkpkzns hn
 hn cmn hdznr a
qun k eucmnr nstkvk vnstd`ha n k jar has smarts ha maene. As acmas sêa
ktrkåhas k dekln`s iåsdjks, n`têa usn k idlurk muek`k a`hn qunr qun vajï
 passk ne suks kprnsn`tkìþns.
Vnjursas vdsukds jaea a RawnrRad`t, staryfakrhs, icdp jmkrts n hdklrkeks
pahne ek`tnr suk pcktndk n`lkokhk hurk`tn k kprnsn`tkìêa. Ensea sn vajï

nstdvnr vn`hn`ha pnca tncnia`n, ä departk`tn d`jarparkr kcla vdsukc. Rnrlu`tn

ka jcdn`tn patn`jdkc pkrk hnsn`mkr ue au hads hdklrkeks n`quk`ta ja`vnrske
n usn-as pkrk trk`sedtdr snus pa`tas. A lrëidja hn trdæ`luca qun uskeas `a
Jkpåtuca [uktra pkrk dcustrkr qune nstë hn`tra hn snu nstëhda ä ue nxnepca
pnrindta. Zn nu nstdvnssn tn`tk`ha n`sd`kr-cmn kcla pnca tncnia`n, nu hdrdk?
–Hnsn`mn ue trdæ`luca―. Ka ckha hncn nsjrnvk, –Jaeprk`ha klark―, n kssde
par hdk`tn.
Kqud nstë ue lrëidja qun usnd ne ue ratndra hn nstëhda pkrk uek neprnsk
qun td`mk khvalkhas jaea jcdn`tns?

@as k`as n`trn ;4<2 n ;4=2, a `ÿenra hn khvalkhas `as Nstkhas ^`dhas
jrnsjnu quksn ne 622 edc. Hn ;4=2 k ;442, ekds ;9= edc khvalkhas iarke
khdjda`khas k nssn `ÿenra. Eks `as hads k`as hn ;442 k ;446, iarke
khdjda`khas ekds 6>: edc khvalkhas. As Nstkhas ^`dhas lk`mkrke ekds
khvalkhas ne hads k`as qun ne qukcqunr pnråaha hn ;2 k`as k`tns hdssa.
Yajï skfn par quï1 Kclu`s nspnjucke qun k särdn hn tncnvdsêa C.K. Ckw
C.K.  Ckw inz
 inz
k deklne hk praidssêa pkrnjnr eudta ekds lckeaurask ha qun nrk
 ja`sdhnrkhk `a pksskha.
Acmn `avken`tn as hntkcmns `a lrëidja. @atn jaea a tkek`ma hk ia`tn has
`ÿenras (hn khvalkhas) kuen`tk â enhdhk qun a vkcar has `ÿenras
kuen`tk. @ús `êa prnjdsëvkeas tnr indta dssa. @ús pahnråkeas tnr hndxkha k

ia`tn has `ÿenras jae a ensea tkek`ma pkrk jkhk häjkhk hn jrnsjden`ta.
Eks ka kuen`tkr a tkek`ma hk ia`tn, a lrëidja tne ue depkjta vdsukc eudta
ekds iartn. Jkhk hntkcmn pahn ikznr k hdinrn`ìk. @a scdhn qun uskeas, uskeas
k jar vnrencmk pkrk a ekdar `ÿenra, 4<: edc. Nssn `ÿenra nstë n`vacta par
ue jårjuca vnrencma. A vnrencma ktrkd as acmas pkrk k d`iarekìêa
departk`tn, eks tkefäe ä k jar ha pnrdla. Rkrk as khvalkhas qun nstkvke
kssdstd`ha k nssk kprnsn`tkìêa, uek nxpk`sêa têa rëpdhk hn suk praidssêa nrk
eë `atåjdk. Â enhdhk qun a `ÿenra hn khvalkhas `as Nstkhas ^`dhas
jrnsjdk, a ikturken`ta tatkc pkrk a enrjkha nstkvk jrnsjn`ha kpn`ks ne suk
tkxk `arekc, partk`ta as khvalkhas lk`mkvke jkhk vnz en`as jaea ue
lrupa hn uek iarek okekds vdstk.
Jaea vajï pahn vnr, as rnjursas vdsukds a jkpkjdtkrêa k ja`tkr ekds
mdstúrdks `a ensea pnråaha hn tnepa. Ncns pahne jaeu`djkr ekds

d`iarekìêa,
praidssda`kc jae ekds depkjta
n pacdhk. n ikznr vdsukds
As rnjursas suk kprnsn`tkìêa pkrnjnrkuen`tkr
cmn pnredtne eudta ekds
ks
nxpnjtktdvks hn suk pcktndk. Zn a snu ektnrdkc iar fne prnpkrkha, a `åvnc hn
d`tnrnssn n nxpnjtktdvks hn snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc kuen`tkrë denhdktken`tn.
Dekld`n a quêa ekds pnrta vajï nstkrë hn injmkr ue `nlújda jae kclue
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc quk`ha ncn n`ja`trk-sn n`vacvdha n k`dekha ne vnz hn nstkr
quksn hared`ha n pnrlu`tk`ha-sn quk`ha suk kprnsn`tkìêa tnred`krë.

 Nxnrjåjda
@nstn eaen`ta, pn`sn safrn kclueks jkrkjtnråstdjks safrn snu
`nlújda qun vajï passk jaeu`djkr usk`ha rnjursas vdsukds. Xkcvnz
snok k pnriarek`jn hn snu prahuta au snrvdìa. Ä encmar au ekds
iëjdc hn uskr ha qun a hk ekdardk hn snus ja`jarrn`tns1 Jaea vajï
pahnrdk eastrkr dssa1 Xkcvnz snok k prahuìêa au a autput1 Yajï
pahnrdk uskr ue lrëidja hn fkrrks au pkrk eastrkr ks hdinrn`ìks
n`trn vajï n tahas snus ja`jarrn`tns1 Nsjrnvk jd`ja jkrkjtnråstdjks
qun vajï qunrdk trk`sedtdr n pn`sn safrn jaea vajï pahnrdk
 eastrkr nssk d`iarekìêa ne vnz hn kpn`ks ikckr safrn ncns. Yajï
pahnrdk uskr iareks lnaeätrdjks1 Zn vajï vn`hn pnca tncnia`n,
pahnrdk hdznr kcla jaea? –Dekld`n dssa jaea sn iassn ue trdæ`luca

jae k pa`tk hn jdek jartkhk iark―. Au snrë qun vajï ja`snludrdk

ikznr jae qun k pnssak ha autra ckha ha tncnia`n hn ikta idznssn ue
hnsn`ma1 Dssa snrdk ue útdea nxnrjåjda pkrk snr indta ne iarek hn
wargsmap jae suk nqudpn.

Vnlrks pkrk uek Kprnsn`tkìêa Nidjkz

 Vnlrk ;? E.Z.Z.X. (Ek`tn`mk-a
(Ek`tn`mk-a Zdepcns, Znu Xaca) Xaca)
K suk kprnsn`tkìêa prnjdsk snr iëjdc hn snr kjaepk`mkhk n jaeprnn`hdhk.
@êa kfkrratn k pëld`k jae eudta tnxta au eudtas lrëidjas. Yajï `êa hnvnrdk
jacajkr `khk kcäe hn ue tåtuca ne ia`tns lrk`hns n kpn`ks trïs au quktra
XÚRDJAZ par scdhn.

 Vnlrk 6? E.V.N.H. (Ek`tn`mk-a

(Ek`tn`mk-a Vëpdha n Hd`æedja)
Hd`æedja)
As jcdn`tns patn`jdkds idjkrêa n`tnhdkhas sn vajï hnearkr eudta ne jkhk
scdhn. Yajï hnvnrdk eastrkr hads au trïs scdhns par ed`uta. @êa eastrn
sdepcnsen`tn ue n idqun cë pkrkha ikck`ha par ;2 ed`utas snludhas.
Ek`tn`mk a pkssa hk kprnsn`tkìêa rëpdha. Yajï hnvnrdk eastrkr uek `avk
d`iarekìêa vdsukc kpraxdekhken`tn k jkhk ;> snlu`has. Au, sn a scdhn
ja`tdvnr trïs túpdjas, ikìk jae qun kpn`ks ue túpdja kpkrnìk sazd`ma hn jkhk
vnz. Zn tahas as trïs kpkrnjnrne ou`tas, suk pcktndk cnrë k d`iarekìêa k`tns hn
qun vajï ikcn safrn kquncn túpdja n kssde pnrhnrë a ja`tracn. Zn uskhas
khnqukhken`tn, as rnjursas vdsukds cmn hkrêa ekds ja`tracn safrn k
nxpnrdï`jdk jaeu`djktdvk ne tahas as `åvnds. Ne pkcnstrks a`cd`n, ä jrujdkc
qun ks dekln`s kpkrnìke ja`stk`tnen`tn `k tnck. Yajï `êa nstkrë
idsdjken`tn hn`tra hk skck jae ncns, n`têa ncns pahnrêa jmnjkr snus n-ekdcs n
rnkcdzkr vërdks tkrniks ka ensea tnepa k en`as qun vajï nstnok eastrk`ha
tk`tk d`iarekìêa au tk`tks dekln`s par scdhn qun ncns `êa tnrêa tnepa hn
rnkcdzkr nssks euctdtkrniks. ^e has fø`us qun vajï rnjnfn ka jaeprkr nssn
cdvra ä ue hnsja`ta hn $9; pkrk uek pkcnstrk a`cd`n ekl`didjken`tn
ea`tkhk n qun snlun tahks nssks rnlrks. Ynok www.jmntmacens.jae/faag
 pkrk ekdarns d`iarekìþns.
 Vnlrk :? ^sn Iktas n Nstktåstdjks –^ku―

Ä prnjdsa qun snu jcdn`tn cdtnrkcen`tn nxjcken? –^ku! Nu `êa skfdk hdssa―.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca [uktra (–Xar`kr-sn ue Frdcmk`tn
Nstrktnldstk―), d`iarekìþns ikjtukds jacajkhks `a d`åjda hn qukcqunr
kprnsn`tkìêa jrdk ue sn`sa hn jrnhdfdcdhkhn qun sn nstn`hn ktä k pkrtn hn
–vn`hks― hn suk kprnsn`tkìêa. Eks as iktas qun sêa pkrtdjuckren`tn
pnrturfkharns au rnvnckharns tïe ue pahnr qun vkd eudta kcäe hn kpn`ks
nstkfncnjnr jrnhdfdcdhkhn. Ncns ek`tïe ks pnssaks d`tnrnsskhks n cmns hêa
kcla cala `a d`åjda pkrk ek`tnr ne en`tn. Xkcvnz `a id`kc ha hdk snus
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds ja`tïe safrn dssa pkrk snus jø`oulns. @a hdk snlud`tn,
ja`tkrêa k ue jacnlk hn trkfkcma n k d`iarekìêa sn nspkcmkrë hnssk ek`ndrk.
Nsjacmnr iktas –^ku― tkefäe pahn prä-hnid`dr as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk pkrk
snu prahuta au snrvdìa n trk`siarekr tahas kquncns qun auvne suk
kprnsn`tkìêa ne ue ed`dvn`hnhar ka snu snrvdìa.
Kqud
Nssn änstêa hads hn
ue scdhn nxnepcas?
Iktas –^ku―.

Jæ`jnr hn Ekek ne Eucmnrns

 qunNssk d`iarekìêa
encmarke `as iad ha
k mkfdcdhkhn n`vdkhk
jarpa par ue jcdn`tn
hn cutkr ja`trk qun vn`hn `a
ks taxd`ks supcnen`tas
kefdn`tn.
A snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc nstkvk jmnda hn hkhas kssaefrasas qun ikzdke

jae qun ks pnssaks nxjckekssne? –^ku!―

Kqud nstë ue iktar vdsukc –^ku― pkrk maen`s.

[unhk pnrdlask `k ja`tklne hn nspnrek. Nstkrneas â fndrk hk nxtd`ìêa1

Hn kjarha jae uek pnsqudsk qun iad rnkcdzkhk pkrk nssn jcdn`tn, ne ;464 k
ja`tklne eähdk hn nspnrek hn ue maene nrk hn ;22 edcmþns par edcåentra.
Ktä ;4=2 mauvn uek qunhk hn 62 edcmþns. Maon k ja`tklne nstë ne >
edcmþns. Kpnskr hn > edcmþns pkrnjnr eudta (ä `njnssërda kpn`ks ue pkrk
n`lrkvdhkr uek eucmnr), nssk d`iarekìêa, quk`ha vdstk `a ja`tnxta hn `assa
pksskha ä fkstk`tn kssustkhark. K pnrhk hn nspnrek n k d`inrtdcdhkhn sêa
prafcneks eu`hdkds, eks sêa eudta pdarns `as Nstkhas ^`dhas qun ne
qukcqunr autra culkr. Nssn hkha hn enrjkha ä eudta ekds eatdvkhar qun ue
hkha hn prahuta. Nspnjdkcen`tn sn vajï vn`hn supcnen`tas `utrdjda`kds
jaea nssk neprnsk (www.prdenzyen.jae
(www.prdenzyen.jae). ). Vnpdta, pkrk aftnr –ukus― vajï
prnjdsk acmkr pkrk k d`iarekìêa ka ca`la ha tnepa. Zn nu cmn hdssnssn qun ue
maene tne > edcmþns hn nspnrek par edcåentra, dssa `êa ä eudtk `avdhkhn.
Eks quk`ha vajï vï qun nrk ;22 edcmþns par edcåentra më kpraxdekhken`tn
<2 k`as, dssa ä rnkcen`tn pahnrasa.
K prdendrk jadsk k sn ikznr jae qukcqunr kprnsn`tkìêa ä iar`njnr ue
rnsuea hn suk d`hÿstrdk ka ca`la ha tnepa. Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk k
ja`jnssda`ërdks hn jkrras. N`têa, k prdendrk jadsk qun ncn inz iad pnsqudskr
 quk`tks
ue ikta ja`jnssda`ërdks
d`tnrnssk`tn qunnxdstne
hnvnrdkn nstkr
quk`tas jkrras`a
d`jcuåha jkhk uek vn`hn.
krluen`ta N nssnhnä
prd`jdpkc
kcluäe qun ikrë uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkrk ja`jnssda`ërdks hn jkrras. Eks sn

vajï hnr uek acmkhk `a qun tne kja`tnjdha jae ks ja`jnssda`ërdks hnshn
;4>2, vajï auvdrë ue?–^ku, nu `êa skfdk hdssa― ha rnprnsn`tk`tn hk
ja`jnssda`ërdk. Hn kjarha jae k pnsqudsk hnstn jcdn`tn, ne ;4>2, 8< edc
ja`jnssda`ërdks hn jkrra vn`hdke < edcmþns hn jkrras par k`a. Maon, ;< edc
ja`jnssda`ërdks vn`hne 6; edc jkrras par k`a (nxjcud`ha k vn`hk hn jkrras
uskhas). Ks ja`jnssda`ërdks hn jkrras nstêa ja`sacdhk`ha irn`ntdjken`tn.
Dssa tne kcluek departæ`jdk1 Rkrk ikckr k vnrhkhn, `êa. Dssa d`stdlk a
rnprnsn`tk`tn hk ja`jnssda`ërdk k nxjckekr? –^ku, nu `êa skfdk hdssa.― Zde.
Zn nssn ikta iar eastrkha cala `a d`åjda hk kprnsn`tkìêa, dssa depcdjkrë qun
vajï skfn ekds ha qun k suk pcktndk1 Zde. Rartk`ta, jaenjn taha krluen`ta
prd`jdpkc au kprnsn`tkìêa jae –^kus―.

 Nxnrjåjda
[une ä k pcktndk `k suk kprnsn`tkìêa1 Nsjrnvk jd`ja iktas
rnsued`ha snu enrjkha qun snrdke hn d`tnrnssn k ncns
ncns   qun vajï
lastkrdk hn hnsjafrdr. Ne snludhk prajurn par nssk d`iarekìêa ka
ca`la ha tnepa. [uk`tas hnssns më maon1 [uk`tas mkvdk më :2
k`as1 [ukc ä k tkxk hn injmken`ta hnssn tdpa hn neprnsk1 Au, sn
snu jcdn`tn iar ue ja`suedhar hdrnta, qukds sêa ks qunstþns qun
snrêa ha d`tnrnssn hncn1 K ensek d`iarekìêa uskhk ne suk pëld`k
hk D`tnr`nt pahn snr uskhk ne suks kprnsn`tkìþns.
Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun qunrdk vn`hnr prahutas hnrektacúldjas
pkrk ue spk. N`têa pnrlu`tnd ka pnsqudskhar safrn k tkxk hn
injmken`ta hn spks. Nu nstkvk prajurk`ha pnca pa`ta prafcneëtdja
pkrk eatdvkr as ha`as hn spks k sn d`tnrnsskrne pncas `avas
snrvdìas hn enu jcdn`tn. Iaeas d`iarekhas has hkhas ‚ k tkxk hn
injmken`ta nrk eudta fkdxk. Eks, jaea pnhdeas kas pnsqudskharns
pnck d`iarekìêa ka ca`la ha tnepa, hnsjafrdeas qun k tkxk hn
jrnsjden`ta nrk d`kjrnhdtëvnc ‚ jrnsjnrke hn kpraxdekhken`tn 42
spks ne ;4=2 k ;9 edc maon `as Nstkhas ^`dhas. N`têa, ne vnz hn
 `as iajkreas
jmnlkr `k tkxk hn
fksnk`ha-`as `asinjmken`ta,
hkhas qunk pahnrdke
qun ja`jcusêa pahnråkeas
rnprnsn`tkr eës
`atåjdks pkrk as spks1 Ja`jarrï`jdk ‚ ja`jarrï`jdk kjdrrkhk.

[uk`ha vajï rnkcdzk k pnsqudsk, nck cmn iar`njnrë dhndks has ekds
hdvnrsas tdpas, ks qukds vajï `u`jk snqunr tnrdk, pkrk pasdjda`kr k
departæ`jdk hn snu prahuta au snrvdìa.

 Vnlrk 8? Ja`struk Apartu`dhkhns pkrk pkrk Mdstúrdks

Mdstúrdks fne ja`tkhks kuen`tke a rnjkcc ne 69% ne jaepkrkìêa k
kprnsn`tkr ue krluen`ta sne uek mdstúrdk pkrk dcustrë-ca. Ks pnssaks
kharke mdstúrdks. [uk`ha nu vn`hdk k`ÿ`jdas pkrk uek rnvdstk, tn`tnd
ja`qudstkr ue lrk`hn k`u`jdk`tn. Vnu`d-en jae a hdrntar hn ekrgntd`l, qun
`êa en pnredtdu ja`mnjnr a ha`a hk neprnsk. Eks ncn kharkvk ed`mks
dhndks, n nu td`mk jnrtnzk qun mkvdk injmkha a `nlújda. Hnpads qun hndxnd k
rnu`dêa, ncn iad ktä a ha`a jae k d`iarekìêa qun hdssn `êa. A hdrntar hn
ekrgntd`l en klrkhnjnu par mkvnr tn`tkha n en hdspn`sau.

Nu qun
jadsk hncdfnrkhken`tn `êa idz
ncn pahnrdk ikznr nrkue iaccaw-up
hdznr `êa. Hnpkrk
ikta,ncn parqun
nspnrnd skfdk
snds qund`tndras,
ensns k ÿ`djk
nspnrk`ha qun ncn en nsqunjnssn hn vnz. N n`têa a ja`tar`nd n kln`hnd uek
rnu`dêa hdrntken`tn jae a ha`a hk neprnsk. Zn nu tdvnssn indta dssa cala hn
jkrk, a hdrntar hn ekrgntd`l tnrdk sn sn`td`ha hnprnjdkha. Jaea en ktrnva k
ja`tar`ë-ca1 Eks oë qun nspnrnd snds ensns, iu`jda`au nxktken`tn jaea
pck`nokha. Fksdjken`tn, ncn mkvdk nsqunjdha hn ede n, quk`ha jmnlund cë, a
hdrntar nxnjutdva jmkeau a hdrntar hn ekrgntd`l pkrk ou`tkr-sn k `ús. Ncn en
hdssn? –Nd, nu ja`mnìa vajï―. Kpnrtkeas ks eêas n idz ed`mk kprnsn`tkìêa
pkrk a ha`a jae a hdrntar `k ensek skck. Ncn oë mkvdk en kpadkha uek vnz,
n`têa dekld`nd
[uk`ha qun ncn aenhdrntar
tnred`nd, kpadkrdknxnjutdva
`avken`tn.
hdssn? –Eudta fne. Yajï en
ja`vn`jnu. Ikrneas ue k`ÿ`jda hn uek pëld`k pkrk nxpnrden`tkr―. Nu
rnspa`hd? –^ek pëld`k `êa  ä k ek`ndrk jarrntk pkrk sn tnstkr prapklk`hk―. A
`êa ä
ha`a hdssn? –Ä dssa kå, enu kedla―, deprnssda`kha jae ed`mk pnrsdstï`jdk
pkrk qun ncn idznssn ue jaepraentden`ta hn vnrhkhn. Ncn injmau trïs
pëld`ks pkrk ue tnstn. Ncns vn`hdke pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta n prnjdskvke
injmkr 6= vn`hks pkrk jafrdr a justa ha k`ÿ`jda? –Nu `ne prnjdsa cujrkr jae
a k`ÿ`jda ‚ ikrnd dssa `a fkjg n`h. ^ek vnz qun ue jcdn`tn jaeprkr kcla
 `assa, vactkrêa k jaeprkr rnpntdhken`tn. N`têa tuha a qun prnjdsa ikznr ä
jmnlkr ka pa`ta hn nqudcåfrda n `ús k`u`jdkrneas `avken`tn―.
A prdendra k`ÿ`jda iad pufcdjkha n ncns rnjnfnrke kpn`ks snds rnspastks.
Iad uek pässdek eähdk hn rnspastks pkrk ue k`ÿ`jda jkra hn rnvdstk. Idz

uek quk`tdhkhn trnen`hk hn iaccaw-up. Idz vërdks vdsdtks ka ha`a n eastrnd k

ncn jkrtks jae mdstúrdks hn sujnssa deprnssda`k`tns hn autrks neprnsks qun
mkvdke k`u`jdkha `k rnvdstk. Ja`td`und ja`tktk`ha-a ja`stk`tnen`tn, k iä
ne ed`mk rnvdstk d`kfkcëvnc. Dssa ä a apasta ha qun k ekdardk has vn`hnharns
ikz quk`ha ks jadsks `êa vêa fne. [uk`ha ue `nlújda jaenìk k dr ekc, k
ekdardk has vn`hnharns jaenìk k nvdtkr cdlkr pkrk a jcdn`tn. Ncns tïe enha
hn kjndtkr ks ja`snquï`jdks.
A snlu`ha k`ÿ`jda iad pufcdjkha n aftnvn uek eähdk hn rnspastks kd`hk
pdar ‚ kpn`ks quktra rnspastks. Dssa nrk kfdsekc. N n`têa a prúxdea k`ÿ`jda
aftnvn kpn`ks huks rnspastks. K jkhk vnz, nu d`tn`sdidjkvk enu iaccaw-up
jae ekds n ekds mdstúrdks hn jaea autrks neprnsks aftdvnrke rntar`as
nxtrkarhd`ërdas. Xkcvnz nu hnvnssn en`jda`kr ne hninsk prúprdk, qun ncn
pufcdjau ue k`ÿ`jda jae ks iatas hn trïs kutarns has snus pralrkeks hn
trnd`ken`ta, n jkhkn ue
k`ÿ`jda, n`tnhdk`tn hncns ntd`mk
ne prnta pralrnssdvken`tn
frk`ja, pkrnjdk-sn ekds en`as jkfnca. hn
k ue k`ÿ`jda A
depck`tn jkpdckr ha qun ue k`ÿ`jda pkrk ue pralrkek hn trnd`ken`ta
praidssda`kc. Nu hdssn k ncn qun nssn k`ÿ`jda `êa nstkvk iu`jda`k`ha n qun
ncn prnjdskvk hn ue qun sn hnstkjkssn. Kprnsn`tnd k ncn tahks ks d`iarekìþns
qun vajï kprn`hnu `a jkpåtuca k`tnrdar safrn jaea jrdkr ue k`ÿ`jda hn
pkrkcdskr as cndtarns n sulnrd? –Zn vajï rnkcen`tn qunr jmkekr k ktn`ìêa,
prnjdsk jaeprkr ue k`ÿ`jda hn huks pëld`ks nspncmkhks n jacajkr ue n`jkrtn
`a enda hks huks. Hnssk ek`ndrk, k rnvdstk sn kfrdrë `a snu k`ÿ`jda (oë qun a
n`jkrtn ä indta hn ue pkpnc jae uek lrkekturk ekdar). @a n`jkrtn, vajï
pahnrdk jacajkr uek idjmk hn pnhdha pkrk qun ks pnssaks ikìke snus
pnhdhas―.
Ncn kjndtau enu ja`sncma n jaeprau ue k`ÿ`jda hn quktra jarns, hn huks
iacmks nspncmkhks n jae ue n`jkrtn, snlud`ha tkefäe ed`mks sulnstþns ne
rnckìêa ka ja`tnÿha n a hnsdl`, pkrk snr pufcdjkha `k nhdìêa hk indrk
neprnskrdkc k`ukc. Dssa justau eudta ekds ha qun as trïs k`ÿ`jdas k`tnrdarns,
partk`ta dssa nrk uek qunstêa hn `khkr au kiu`hkr pkrk ede. Nu mkvdk
ja`struåha uek n`aren jrnhdfdcdhkhn ka `êa iuldr ne ikjn ha irkjkssa, n a
jcdn`tn nstkvk snlud`ha enus ja`sncmas uek ÿctdek vnz. Jae nssn ÿ`dja
 k`ÿ`jda hn pëld`ks nspncmkhks jae ue n`jkrtn `a vkcar hn $;= edc, ncn
vn`hnu $9>2 edc ne pralrkeks. Iud vd`hdjkha n k neprnsk tar`au-sn ue
k`u`jdk`tn rnluckr, `u`jk k huvdhkr hn ede `avken`tn.
Nssk mdstúrdk dcustrk eudtas pa`tas. Zn nu kpn`ks hdssnssn k vajï?

–Jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun vajï nstnok sneprn prnsn`tn n ja`tktk`ha a jcdn`tn

kd`hk ekds sn ks jadsks `êa nstdvnrne d`ha fne―, dssa tnrdk indta sn`tdha, eks
ja`tkr nssk mdstúrdk hrkektdjken`tn trk`sedtn a –]― hk qunstêa. Nu vn`ha
pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta qun n`sd`ke k departæ`jdk hn ue fae iaccaw-up,
n`têa nssk mdstúrdk jnrtken`tn eastrk k departæ`jdk hdsta. A qun vajï vn`hn
n qun mdstúrdk dcustrk k `njnssdhkhn pnca snu prahuta au snrvdìa1
 Vnlrk >? Zuk Kprnsn`tkìêa Hnvnrdk Znr Depucsda`khk pnck
Jurdasdhkhn
A hnsn`rackr hk d`iarekìêa hnvn snr indta uek ek`ndrk qun ek`tn`mk snus
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds jurdasas. Rrdendra hï k ncns ue ikta, n hnpads iar`nìk uek
nxpcdjkìêa. Kcäe hdssa, ikìk uek ja`stk`tn prä-vn`hk ha rnstk`tn hk
kprnsn`tkìêa ka ca`la hk ensek. Ja`td`un ikzn`ha kcusþns k d`iarekìþns

qun
qun nstêa
vajï par
cmnsvdr. IkìkRar
hkrë. jae qun ncnsn`quk`ta
nxnepca, ja`td`uken`tn k`tnjdpne kk d`iarekìêa
vajï kprnsn`tk d`iarekìêa
safrn a kuen`ta hn khvalkhas, vajï pahnrdk hdznr? –N dssa sdl`didjk qun
vajïs tne uek särdk ja`jarrï`jdk, eks ks `atåjdks drêa pdarkr quk`ha nu
eastrkr k vajïs a prúxdea scdhn―. Kå nstë uek útdek prä-vn`hk qun rnkcen`tn
ikrë jae qun suk pcktndk qundrk vnr a prúxdea scdhn.
 Vnlrk 9? Rn`sn Zafrn Jkhk Xåtuca jaea Zn Iassn ue Ykcdasa
 Deúvnc
Xaha tåtuca hnvnrdk kcjk`ìkr snu eëxdea patn`jdkc. Hnvnrdk d`trdlkr as
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
rnpntdtdvas au `êa nas vkcardzkr as scdhns.
hnsn`vacvn`ha @êa as hnspnrhdjn
suidjdn`tnen`tn. ^ek fak ikzn`ha-as
rnlrk ä
rnsuedr k qunstêa ekds departk`tn `a scdhn. Oë vd eudtks pnssaks ea`tkr uek
kprnsn`tkìêa usk`ha a ensea tåtuca (par nxnepca? –Iktas safrn a enrjkha―)
ne vërdas scdhns snludhas. Dssa tkcvnz iu`jda`n fne pkrk ue prdendra scdhn
qun jaenjn jae iktas safrn a enrjkha, eks n`têa `a prúxdea scdhn (a qukc
ja`tnrë d`iarekìêa safrn k tkxk hn jrnsjden`ta hk d`hÿstrdk au ks
tn`hï`jdks), jacaqun? –Xkxk vnrtdld`ask hn jrnsjden`ta― au –K Xkxk hn
jrnsjden`ta prnouhdjk k tahas―. @êa snok prnludìasa. Xrkfkcmn pkrk atdedzkr
 a rnsuctkha hn jkhk tåtuca.

 Vnlrk <? Znok Ja`idk`tn eks @êa Rntuck`tn

Hnsn`vacvk uek rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk jae suk pcktndk ensea qun mkok

kpn`ks uek pnssak acmk`ha pkrk vajï. Zn vajï tne uek kuhdï`jdk lrk`hn,
uek ek`ndrk hn ikznr dssa ä ikznr ue nxnrjåjda hn kca`lken`ta jae ncks.
Rnìk k ncks qun sn cnvk`tne, jacaqune suks eêas safrn k jkfnìk n kca`lune
pkrk k hdrndtk. Jaea vajï nstë jkrk k jkrk jae ncks, kca`lun pkrk k nsqunrhk.
Hnssk iarek, vajï nstkrë kca`lk`ha `k ensek hdrnìêa qun ncks. Nssn sdepcns
kta jrdk ue vå`juca sufja`sjdn`tn jae suk pcktndk. Autrk ek`ndrk hn jrdkr ue
ckìa ä pnhdr qun ikcne safrn snus prafcneks au ks jadsks qun `êa nstêa
iu`jda`k`ha fne pkrk ncks `k neprnsk. K edsärdk kek k jaepk`mdk, n`têa
n`lkoë-cks jae prafcneks jrdk ue ckìa kintdva d`stk`tk`nken`tn.
 Vnlrk =. Iaqun-sn
Iaqun-sn @ncns, @êa ne Yajï Yajï
 Ekturdhkhn ä
 Ekturdhkhn ä quk`ha tahas snus nspncmas ja`vnrtne-sn ne ok`ncks.
kutar hnsja`mnjdha

K ekdardk hks pnssaks cnvk suks vdhks n`vactks par nspncmas, iajk`ha-sn
`ncks enseks. Ncks vnne snus sn`tden`tas, suks `njnssdhkhns. Ncks pn`ske
safrn jaea sn jaepkrke ks autrks pnssaks n sn rnjnfnrêa a qun qunrne. Nu
khara k irksn qun ue ktar ikeasa hdssn k kcluäe? –Eks jmnlk hn ikckr safrn
ede. A qun vajï pn`sk hn ede1― A kssu`ta prnhdcnta hn ja`vnrsk hn tahas ä
ncns enseas. N`têa trk`siaren nssns nspncmas ne ok`ncks n vajï snrë ue
encmar kprnsn`tkhar, vn`hnhar, trnd`khar, nxnjutdva au cåhnr. K pnssak ekds
ekhurk hn ue rnckjda`ken`ta ä k qun ekds nsjutk. Ncn au nck pn`sk safrn ks
`njnssdhkhns hk autrk pnssak n k jaea ktn`hï-ck. Zn vajï puhnssn snr nssk
pnssak ka ikznr uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkrk snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds n iajkr `ks
`njnssdhkhns hncns n jaea vajï pahnrdk kouhë-cas, vajï sn tar`krë kctken`tn
prahutdva.
Zneprn qun passåvnc, jaenìa tahas enus trnd`ken`tas tn`tk`ha hnsjafrdr
as hnskidas jae as qukds ed`mk pcktndk nstë cdhk`ha. Hnpads hn ja`strudr ue
pauqud`ma hn rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk ne uek rnu`dêa d`hdvdhukc, ä uek fak
dhndk pnrlu`tkr? –N`têa, qukds sêa kclu`s has prafcneks jae as qukds vajï
nstë cdhk`ha `k suk d`hÿstrdk `a eaen`ta1― Hnpads hn ou`tkr tahas nssns
hnskidas, uek útdek trk`sdìêa qun cnvn suk pcktndk ka snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc
ä hdznr kcla jaea –Yërdas autras jcdn`tns tkefäe oë tdvnrke nssns enseas
 hnskidas
kclueks qun vajï en`jda`au.
pnsqudsks Nssn ä ue has eatdvas pncas
safrn suk d`hÿstrdk/enrjkha/praidssêa. qukdshnsjafnrtks
@assks rnkcdzkeas
iarke têa praiu`hks qun ks jacajkeas ne ue frdnid`l nxnjutdva qun ä

fkstk`tn rnvnckhar. Kqud nstë. Rnredtk-en eastrkr-cmn kclu`s hnssns hkhas―.

@nssn eaen`ta, vajï pahn kfrdr snu `atnfaag n kprnsn`tkr snu krluen`ta
prd`jdpkc.

As Xrïs Eahas hn Jaeu`djkìêa

Më trïs eahas hn jaeu`djkìêa qun apnrke sdeuctk`nken`tn n`quk`ta vajï
ikz uek kprnsn`tkìêa? suks pkckvrks, a tae hk suk vaz n suk cd`luklne
jarparkc. A sufja`sjdn`tn hn snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc prajnssk tahks nssks
en`skln`s hn uek vnz sú. [uk`ha nu n`sd`a dssa prnsn`jdkcen`tn, eastra
jaea ks enseks pkckvrks pra`u`jdkhks ne ue tae hdinrn`tn pahne euhkr,
sn `êa a sdl`didjkha, n`têa jnrtken`tn k pnrjnpìêa hn snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc.
@a tncnia`n, snu tae hn vaz snrë eudta ekds departk`tn ha qun ks pkckvrks
uskhks. Zn vajï nstë d`snlura, ensea qun nstnok hdzn`ha ks pkckvrks
pnrindtks, as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds auvdrêa nssk d`snlurk`ìk n suk rnkìêa
rnicntdrë dssa.
A iktar ekds pahnrasa qun vajï pahn utdcdzkr `a tncnia`n ä ikckr jae a qun
nu jmkea hn uek vaz hn kutardhkhn. Zan departk`tn au jaea sn as kssu`tas
qun vajï nstë prnstns k hdsjutdr a iassne. Dssa vkd hdrnta ka sufja`sjdn`tn hn
snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. [uk`ha ikca ka tncnia`n jae ue kcta hdrntar hn nstÿhda
au a hdrntar nxnjutdva hn uek jaepk`mdk hn $;22 fdcmþns, ed`mk vaz
jaeu`djk qun sau departk`tn n qun a qun tn`ma pkrk hdznr tkefäe ä
departk`tn. Xrnd`n sakr jaea ue hntntdvn d`vnstdlktdva jae eudtk kutardhkhn
ne suk vaz. Ä ue tae eudta pahnrasa n prn`hn k ktn`ìêa hn snus jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds cala hn jkrk.
Rrnsn`jdkcen`tn, a depkjta ha tae hn vaz tkefäe ä departk`tn, eks `nstk
sdtukìêa suk cd`luklne jarparkc n suks deprnssþns ikjdkds, `êa departke a
quêa sutds, trk`sedtdrêa ka jcdn`tn patn`jdkc eudta safrn a qun vajï rnkcen`tn
kjrnhdtk.
Xuha a qun vajï hdz, hnshn ue –mueee― k jacajkr snu jkfnca ktrës hk
 arncmk k nstkckr snus hnhas, jaeu`djkrë kcla k snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. N tkcvnz
dssa
nstkrpassk ktä ja`trkhdznr
ja`sjdn`tn a qunsnvajï
hn jaea vajï eavnnstë rnkcen`tn
n ikck. hdzn`ha.
Ikìk jae Yajï
qun snu prnjdsk
jarpa, snu
rasta n suk vaz iu`jda`ne k snu ikvar. Znok ja`idk`tn d`tnrdaren`tn, n suk

jaeu`djkìêa eastrkrë dssa.

Rar nxnepca, vajï pahn uskr snus prúprdas eavden`tas jarparkds kssde
jaea as hncns pkrk taekr a ja`tracn hk rnu`dêa. Jaea en`jda`nd, ne ue
lrupa lrk`hn, ä uek fak dhndk pnhdr ks pnssaks pkrk sn kca`lkrne. Yajï `êa
nstkrë kpn`ks jrdk`ha ue vå`juca jae k pcktndk, eks, ka ikckr pkrk suk
kuhdï`jdk a qun ikznr, vajï tkefäe nstkrë taek`ha a ja`tracn hk rnu`dêa.
[uk`ha vajï nstë ikck`ha `a pkcja n pnhn â suk pcktndk pkrk cnvk`tkr-sn, ncns
kjmkrêa qun pravkvncen`tn tnrêa uek fak nxpnrdï`jdk parqun vajï pkrnjn
nstkr `a ja`tracn. Dssa ä nspnjdkcen`tn ÿtdc sn vajï idjk `nrvasa `k irn`tn hn
lrupas ‚ cmn hkrë ue ekdar sn`tden`ta hn ja`tracn.
^ek pcktndk lastk hn ue pkcnstrk`tn qun pkrnìk nstkr `a jaek`ha. Ne ue
pnqun`a lrupa au ne rnu`dþns d`hdvdhukds hn vn`hks, vajï tkefäe hnvnrdk
nstkr `a ja`tracn. K en`as qun vajï snok ue d`strutar hn dalk, snrdk
ja`strk`lnhar pkrkiarek,
Eks, hn qukcqunr pnhdr äkuek
uekfak
au dhndk
k kclueks pnssaks
pnhdr pkrk qun pkrk sn kca`lkrne.
sn enjmke. Oë qun
vajï `êa qunr `n`mue afstëjuca iåsdja n`trn vajï n snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc ne
qukcqunr sdtukìêa hn vn`hk, pnìk k ncns pkrk skårne hn trës hn suks ensks. Oë
pnhd k jn`tn`ks hn hdrntarns nxnjutdvas pkrk ikznrne dssa, n kpn`ks ue hncns
rnjusau.
Oë nstdvn ne eudtks sdtukìþns a`hn kprnsn`tnd ed`mks dhndks hn idcens pkrk
kctas nxnjutdvas hn nstÿhda. Ne uek hnssks rnu`dþns, ue nxpnrdn`tn prahutar
en kjaepk`mau k uek rnu`dêa jae ue nxnjutdva, k qune pnhd pkrk skdr hn
trës hn suk ensk hn iarek qun ncn puhnssn vnr encmar a ektnrdkc qun nu
qunrdk cmn eastrkr. A prahutar quksn hnsekdau nstupnikta. Eks, sne mnsdtkr,
a kcta nxnjutdva hn nstÿhda cnvk`tau-sn hn suk jkhndrk n sn`tau-sn ka enu
ckha. Dssa en praparjda`au ue ja`tracn eudta ekdar, sne ja`tkr k útdek
apartu`dhkhn qun tdvn pkrk ja`strudr ja`idk`ìk. Rartk`ta, sn vajï nstë
kprnsn`tk`ha d`hdvdhukcen`tn, sdepcnsen`tn hdlk? –Zkfn ha qun ekds1 Kjma
qun nu pahnrdk eastrkr-cmn dssa eudta encmar sn `as sn`tëssneas ckha k
ckha―.
 Adta Nrras Jaeu`s Jaentdhas pncas Kprnsn`tkharns
 Nrra ;? Klrkhnjnr kas Jcdn`tns Ratn`jdkds pnca Znu Xnepa au

 Hnsjucpkr-sn par
par Xaeë-ca
Ja`mnìa autras trnd`kharns qun hdzne afrdlkha kas jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
pnca snu tnepa, eks nu `êa ja`jarha jae nssk idcasaidk. Dssa eastrk qun

vajï ja`sdhnrk
ncns qun nsjutkravajï
tnepa hncns ekds
ä eudta en`asekds vkcdasa qun
departk`tn a snu.
ha qun ks Xkefäe sulnrn
autrks jadsks qunk
ncns pahnrdke nstkr ikzn`ha. Hnprnjdk tuha a qun vajï hdz. @u`jk sn
hnsjucpn au klrkhnìk pnca tnepa hncns. Zn vajï idznr ue fae trkfkcma, ncns
klrkhnjnrêa k vajï. Ydkond jae ue vn`hnhar qun vn`hdk prahutas pkrk
khvalkhas. Ncn jaenìkvk tahk k kprnsn`tkìêa hdzn`ha? –K prdendrk jadsk qun
nu lastkrdk hn ikznr ä hnsjucpkr-en par taekr snu tnepa. Znd qun vajïs
jafrke pnca snu tnepa, n`têa nssn tnepa ä vkcdasa pkrk vajïs―. Hnpads
hdssa, k sdtukìêa tar`au-sn ërhuk. As khvalkhas taekrke k pasdìêa qun snu
tnepa nrk eudta vkcdasa n tuha hnpads hdssa iad kprnsn`tkha âs prnssks. ^e
lrk`hn nrra.
 Nrra 6? Kprnsn`tkr
Kprnsn`tkr jae ks Eêas `as `as Facsas
Dssa ikz jae qun vajï pkrnìk jaea ue prnludìasa. Zneprn ek`tn`mk suks
eêas kjdek hk jd`turk n â irn`tn hn snu jarpa.

 Nrra :? Kprnsn`tkr
Kprnsn`tkr Zn`tkha
Ks pnssaks pklke ekds pnca ensea prahuta quk`ha a vn`hnhar a
kprnsn`tk k ncks hn pä ne vnz hn quk`ha ncn kprnsn`tk a prahuta sn`tkha.
Rartk`ta, cnvk`tn-sn ka kprnsn`tkr. Ä uek pasdìêa hn ekdar kutardhkhn. Ktä
`ks rnu`dþns
nu idjkssn ned`hdvdhukds, dssa euhkrë
pä ka kprnsn`tkr dssa1 Nuk pn`sa
hd`æedjk. –Yajï
encmar sn d`jaeahkrdk
quk`ha sn
nstau ne pä―.
@d`luäe `u`jk en rnspa`hnu? –@êa, `êa sn cnvk`tn―.

 Nrra 8? Znr Ja`trackha

Ja`trackha pnck Rcktndk
Zn a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc tdvnr uek pnrlu`tk `a enda hk suk kprnsn`tkìêa, ue
nrra jaeue ä d`tnrraepnr a qun vajï nstë ikck`ha pkrk rnpa`hï-ck
denhdktken`tn. Oë vd dssa kja`tnjnr ekds hn ; edc vnzns. Zn a jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc taekr a ja`tracn hk rnu`dêa, vajï `êa injmkrë k vn`hk. @êa a hndxn
 taekr a ja`tracn. Ne qukcqunr sdtukìêa hn vn`hk, vajï prnjdsk nstkfncnjnr a
ruea hn sukk kcluäe
uek vn`hk kprnsn`tkìêa.
sn vajïEnsea
nstdvnr qun vajï vn`hk
snlud`ha-a hn`trak hk
vkrnoa,
caok. `u`jk
Ne vnzinjmkrë
hdssa,
pnrlu`tn k ncn pnca qun nstë prajurk`ha n cnvn-a ka dtne ne suk caok. Ikìk

jae qun ncn a sdlk n vajï nstkrë k jked`ma hn injmkr uek vn`hk. Yajï
prnjdsk nstkr `a ja`tracn ktä a eaen`ta hk vn`hk, ensea qun pkrk dssa vajï
prnjdsn ikznr eudtks pnrlu`tks. Yajï kd`hk ä qune nstë hk`ha a ruea â suk
rnu`dêa.
 Nrra >? Rnredtdr qun as Ektnrdkds Aiusqune au Ja`tracne
Yajï
Eudtas vn`hnharns prn`hne-sn â kprnsn`tkìêa jaea sn nck rnkcdzkssn k
vn`hk. K kprnsn`tkìêa `u`jk ikrë k vn`hk. Yajï ikrë. Kouhks vdsukds sêa
kpn`ks dsta, kouhks. Yajï ä a kprnsn`tkhar.
^ek jadsk qun nu ikìa ka n`trnvdstkr vn`hnharns ä pnhdr qun en
kprnsn`tne kcla. Nu cmns hau hnz pkd`äds hn uek kprnsn`tkìêa (pa`tas
prd`jdpkds) n cmns ja`jnha kclu`s ed`utas sazd`mas pkrk prktdjkrne. N`têa
rntar`a n pnìa qun n`irn`tkrêa
hnsd`tnrnsskhken`tn, ikìke k ue kprnsn`tkìêa. Zn ncns
lrk`hn prafcnek cnrne hn
`a jkepa as trkfkcma.
túpdjas
^e útdea kprnsn`tkhar pahn hkr vdhk k nssns túpdjas jae n`tusdksea.
 Nrra 9? Ek`tnr Xuha Jaepcntken`tn Zärda
A muear kuen`tk a d`tnrnssn n k rntn`ìêa. Xaha krluen`ta prd`jdpkc au
kprnsn`tkìêa hnvnrdk tnr ue fajkha hn muear d`snrdha `a ja`tnÿha has
scdhns. ^ek pdkhk hn kcluek mdstúrdk ne qukhrd`mas ikeask jaea ks hn Xmn
 Ikr Zdhn sêa
Zdhn sêa útdeks pkrk dssa ‚ vajï pahn jaeprkr a jkcn`hërda hn :9> hdks n
iacmnë-ca, prajurk`ha par kcluek pdkhk n`lrkìkhk pkrk uskr ne kclue pa`ta
hk suk kprnsn`tkìêa.
prnsn`jdkcen`tn, Rar nxnepca,
nu kprnsn`ta a –Zkeeyquk`ha
Zjmcnf, n`sd`a nssn pralrkek
a pdar kprnsn`tkhar ha
eu`ha―, n eastra jaea ncn krruå`k suks apartu`dhkhns ka kprnsn`tkr tuha hn
iarek nrrkhk.

 Nrra <? @êa Rrktdjkr, hn Iarek Nidjkz, K`tns hn suk

 prnsn`tkìêa
[uk`ta encmar vajï ja`mnjnr a ja`tnÿha, a ekds pnrsuksdva, pahnrasa n
nidjkz vajï snrë. Zn vajï nstdvnr tatkcen`tn hnpn`hn`tn has scdhns hn iarek k
 prnjdskr cnr k kprnsn`tkìêa d`tndrk, vajï nstkrë ne kpuras. A ekdar nrra qun k
ekdardk has kprnsn`tkharns jaentn ä cnr k kprnsn`tkìêa ne vnz hn prktdjë-ck
ne vaz kctk id`ld`ha nstkr ne irn`tn k uek pcktndk. Ä `k prëtdjk hk
kprnsn`tkìêa ne vaz kctk qun vajï hnsn`vacvnrë útdeks trk`sdìþns, prä-

vn`hks pkrk ks d`iarekìþns kd`hk par vdr n tkcvnz ktä ue pauqud`ma hn

muear.
^e hn enus jcdn`tns ja`trktau ue vn`hnhar n hnu k ncn ue pralrkek hn
trnd`ken`ta ne våhna qun n`sd`kvk jaea ikznr uek kprnsn`tkìêa n iar`njdk
uek ik`tëstdjk kprnsn`tkìêa ne jarns pkrk snr uskhk jaea uek sdeuckìêa.
Ncn prktdjau ktä sn`tdr-sn pra`ta, n n`têa inz uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkrk ede n a
hdrntar nxnjutdva hk neprnsk. Kssdstdeas k uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkvarasken`tn
n`tnhdk`tn cdhk pkckvrk par pkckvrk. Nu a rntrnd`nd denhdktken`tn. Vnvdskeas
taha a ektnrdkc hkquncn eúhuca?

Kprnsn`tn jae k`dekìêa.

 Yajï hnvn snr rëpdha jaea a vn`ta.
Ikìk hk kprnsn`tkìêa uek nxpnrdï`jdk hd`æedjk n ja`vd`jn`tn.

Ja`mnìk a ektnrdkcja`jcusþns
Eastrn kclueks hn jar n skctnkha.
nxtrkåhks ha ja`tnÿha pkrk k suk
pcktndk.
@êa cndk as ja`tnÿha has scdhns jaea ue rafø.
Hnsn`vacvk ks –lrk`hns tdrkhks n`trn as scdhns― trktkha `k prúxdek
pëld`k.

Hnpads hnssn trnd`a a rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks inz uek kprnsn`tkìêa pkrk

62 jcdn`tns. Ncn `êa injmau `n`muek vn`hk. Ja`iusa, a hdrntar nxnjutdva n nu
kjmkeas encmar hkr uek acmkhk `k ek`ndrk jaea ncn nstkvk kprnsn`tk`ha.
Rkrk
rafø. `assa marrar,
Ncn `êa cdlkvkncnaskd`hk nstkvk
túpdjas `ne cn`ha a ja`tnÿha
as rnckjda`kvk has scdhnskajaea
hdrntken`tn ue
`nlújda
has jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. @êa mkvdk `khk hd`æedja `a eaha jaea kprnsn`tkvk,
`n`muek mdstúrdk pkrk dcustrkr snus krluen`tas, `n`mue muear.
Xrkfkcmnd ue pauja ekds jae ncn n rnvdskeas snu prajnssa huks snek`ks
ekds tkrhn. Ncn mkvdk jrdkha pnqun`as jkrtþnzd`mas hn ratndra pkrk kouhë-ca k
snr ekds hd`æedja. Eks `khk kouhkvk. Ncn kd`hk nrk cn`ta n sne skc. K earkc
hk mdstúrdk1 Kclueks pnssaks sdepcnsen`tn `êa ja`snlune kprnsn`tkr.
Autrks sêa jaeu`djkharks `kturkds qun `ksjnrke pkrk kprnsn`tkr. Xn`ha hdta
 dssa, k prëtdjk pahn ikznr uek lrk`hn hdinrn`ìk. N snok cë a qun vajï ikìk,
tnstn nssk jkrkjtnråstdjk k`tns
k`tns hn
 hn ja`trktkr kcluäe.
Kqud nstë autrk mdstúrdk vnrhkhndrk? Ne uek sdtukìêa quksn dhï`tdjk, a`hn
a rnprnsn`tk`tn sdepcnsen`tn `êa ja`mnjdk fne a ektnrdkc, a jcdn`tn tdrau k

kprnsn`tkìêa hn suks eêas n hdssn? –Nu ja`sdla cnr nssns túpdjas ekds rëpdha
par ede ensea―. Dssa ä a qun nu jmkea hn irkjksskr `k irn`tn hn uek
pcktndk.

 Nrra =? @êa Ikznr Dhndk ha [un Yne K Znludr `k

 prnsn`tkìêa
Zn passåvnc, vajï prnjdsk prä-vn`hnr jkhk scdhn. Ikìk suk pcktndk k`tnjdpkr
as prúxdeas scdhns jae eudtk k`sdnhkhn. –A prúxdea scdhn ä a pa`ta ekds
departk`tn qun cmns eastrkrnd―. Ka ja`mnjnr snu ektnrdkc têa fne qun vajï
skfn a qun vne k snludr, vajï pahn neachurkr, prä-vn`hnr n praentnr ue
útdea ja`tnÿha `ks pkrtns kd`hk par vdr. Hnssk iarek, vajï ek`täe as
æ`deas n ks k`tnjdpkìþns iartns ka ca`la hk kprnsn`tkìêa. Ka ja`mnjnr a
ektnrdkc hn jar n skctnkha, vajï pahnrë tnr a qun nu jmkea hn ks –lrk`hns
tdrkhks n`trn as Xn`mk
patn`jdkc/pcktndk. scdhns―.útdeks
Nxtrkdk kclueks
skjkhks ja`jcusþns
hn trk`sdìêa. pkrk hn
Ka ca`la snutahas
jcdn`tn
as
jkpåtucas k`tnrdarns hnstn cdvra, nu ikìa rninrï`jdk ka ja`tnÿha par vdr. Dssa sn
jmkek hn prä-vn`hk, n vajï tkcvnz `atau jaea dssa a inz qunrnr ja`td`ukr k
cndturk.

 Nxnrjåjda
Ikìk ue rksju`ma hn uek kprnsn`tkìêa rëpdhk hn :2 scdhns qun
vajï pahnrdk ikznr k ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Nsjrnvk ue útdea tåtuca
qun ikrdk ks pnssaks tnrne va`tkhn hn kssdstdr â kprnsn`tkìêa. @a
scdhn 6, jacaqun –ja`tnÿha trktkha―. A afontdva hnstn scdhn ä kpn`ks
vn`hnr ka eëxdea a ektnrdkc par vdr. @êa tne a d`tudta hn hdvnrldr
k ktn`ìêa hk pcktndk rnvnck`ha spadcnrs. Kqud nstë ue nxnepca hn
ue scdhn hn ja`tnÿha trktkha?

ËVNKZ XVKXKHKZ
Nstkha hk d`hÿstrdk.
 Ks jd`ja tn`hï`jdks ne `assk d`hÿstrdk.
Jaea `assa prahuta pahnrdk kouhë-ca.
A qun vajï prnjdsk skfnr safrn `assa prahuta.

Nssn scdhn nstë eudta sne lrkìk. Yajï tkefäe nstkrë hdzn`ha k ncns qun
mkvnrë uek tn`tktdvk hn vn`hk `a id`kc. N`têa, tn`tneas dssa?

ËVNKZ XVKXKHKZ
 Nstkha hk d`hÿstrdk, jaea as tnepas euhkrke.
Ks jd`ja tn`hï`jdks qun pahnrdke cnvkr snu `nlújda k ikcï`jdk n
ek`hë-ca k vnr nstrncks.
Kclueks sacuìþns qun tahas hnvnrdke ja`mnjnr pkrk kcjk`ìkr a
sujnssa
Jaea vajï pahn idjkr â irn`tn hk ja`jarrï`jdk ne tahas as
kspnjtas.

K prúxdek pkrtn hn suk kprnsn`tkìêa hnvnrdk trktkr safrn as hkhas hk

d`hÿstrdk ‚ –^kus― qun jrdne d`tnrnssn cala hn jkrk.
Ne snludhk, ikcn safrn ks qunstþns au as prafcneks qun snus jcdn`tns tnrêa.
Znd qun autras trnd`kharns hdzne? –@êa as jmken hn prafcneks. Jmken-as hn
hnskidas―. Zde, dssa nstë eudta fne quk`ha vajï sn rninrn kas snus
–hnskidas― d`tnr`ken`tn. Eks quk`ha vajï ikz kprnsn`tkìþns k jcdn`tns, pahn
hdzï-cas qun ncns tïe prafcneks. Zak pdar n as pasdjda`k `k ktdtuhn jnrtk pkrk
nstkrne kfnrtas k sacuìþns.
Zn vajï inz ue útdea trkfkcma, idjkrë nxtrneken`tn jckra qun snus
prahutas au snrvdìas sacujda`krêa kclu`s hnssns prafcneks. @a jksa ha
jcdn`tn qun vn`hn krtn k maspdtkds, afvdken`tn, k krtn `êa rnsacvnrë tahas as
prafcneks qun ncns ne
pnssaks k n`trkrne kprnsn`tke, eksvnzns,
kìêa. Eudtks kprnsn`tkr eudtashnssk
ue fajkha prafcneks eatdvk
kìêa vdrë ks
ka snu
n`ja`tra ‚ ikzn`ha as nxnjutdvas qunrnrne taekr kìêa kpús rnjnfnrne ks
eës `atdjdks qun vajï eastrau k ncns.
Id`kcen`tn, vajï `u`jk hnvnrdk ikznr prapklk`hk ha snu prahuta
hnsjkrkhken`tn. Hnvnrdk uskr snu prahuta au snrvdìa kpn`ks jaea ue
nxnepca. Yajï pahn ktä tnr uek pkrtn qun hdz? –A qun ja`sdhnrkr sn vajï
prnjdskr jaeprkr pnìks hn krtn―. N cë vajï pahnrë cdstkr as –jrdtärdas hn
jaeprk― qun as kouhkrêa k ikznr uek hnjdsêa sëfdk quk`ha idznrne kcluek
 jaeprk. Zn vajï idznr ue nxjncn`tn trkfkcma n ncns ja`jarhkrne jae nssns
jrdtärdas, nstkrë klark n`jked`mkha pkrk qun ncns qundrke a snu
snu prahuta
 prahuta ne
vnz hn qukcqunr autra. Nssk ä uek jdï`jdk hn rkjdajå`das d`tncdln`tns qun
pahnrêa rnjaepn`së-ca jae tkxks hn injmken`ta eudta ekds kctks n ue

eätaha eudta encmar hn ja`qudstkr as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds.

Ja`jcusêa
Yajï ja`qudstkrë eudta ekds jcdn`tns patn`jdkds sn vajï ainrnjnr
d`iarekìþns nhujktdvks ne vnz hn sdepcnsen`tn tn`tkr vn`hnr snu prahuta.
Eudtks vnzns, ue fae d`iarektdva pahnrë ikznr jae qun sn hnne ja`tk qun
prnjdske hn snu prahuta. Zn vajï ainrnjnr kpn`ks k vn`hk hn snu prahuta, as
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds tkcvnz kjmne qun `êa prnjdske hncn, n`têa `êa ja`snludrë
`ne kln`hkr uek rnu`dêa jae ncns.
^ek ÿctdek jadsk? Kpnskr hn tnreas ikckha safrn tahks ks jadsks qun suk
–kprnsn`tkìêa― hnvnrdk ja`tnr, `u`jk hï nssn `aen k nck irn`tn k ue jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc. ^ek –kprnsn`tkìêa― sak eudta jaea uek tn`tktdvk hn vn`hk. @ús
jmkekeas `assk kprnsn`tkìêa hn uek –snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa―. ^e tnrea
kd`hk encmar pkrk kclueks pnssaks ä ue –frdnid`l nxnjutdva―.
 

As Hntkcmns Iu`hken`tkds hn Jaea Ja`qudstkr

Xëtdjks Rkssa as Encmarns

k Rkssa Jaeprkharns
n Hdk k Hdk Rkrk Jkpturkr Znus Jcdn`tns
Ekds Kcenokhas

Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca Znds, a nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas ä
snu pck`a hn ktkqun pkrk pn`ntrkr as snus encmarns jaeprkharns. Nssk ä k
ek`ndrk ekds rëpdhk hn tar`kr-sn k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks parqun

nssns jcdn`tns
prahuta kcenokhas
au snrvdìa ekds sêa ks pnssaksneauekdar
rkpdhken`tn, neprnsks qun jaeprkrêa
quk`tdhkhn n jae ueksnu
irnquï`jdk ekdar ha qun qukcqunr autra jaeprkhar. Jkpturkr kpn`ks ue
pu`mkha hnssns jcdn`tns kcenokhas pahn tnr ue depkjta såsedja ne snu
fattae cd`n/ikturken`ta/`nt praidt. K rkzêa pnck qukc as hntkcmns
iu`hken`tkds hn ja`qudstkr nssns encmarns jaeprkharns ä nxpcdjkha k nssk
kcturk ha prajnssa ä parqun as jkpåtucas k`tnrdarns iar`njnrke ekds
praiu`hdhkhn n jkekhks nxpcdjktdvks safrn a ekrgntd`l n ks kprnsn`tkìþns
pkrk prnpkrë-ca pkrk a iu`hken`tkc n snr a ekds nidjkz passåvnc ne rnckìêa k
ja`qudstkr snus jcdn`tns kcenokhas. Eks nstn jkpåtuca tkefäe ja`trdfud hn
iarek sdl`didjktdvk
qun vajï prnjdskrë ka kpraiu`hkr-sn
pkrk trk`siarekr ne
snusmkfdcdhkhns hn vn`hksne
jcdn`tns kcenokhas nspnjåidjks
jcdn`tns
nintdvas.
[uk`ha vajï dhn`tdidjk kcluäe qun ä ue jcdn`tn kcenokha au n`ja`trk ue
fkdrra kcenokha jae snus encmarns jaeprkharns, vajï prnjdsk hn ue
pralrkek arlk`dzkha, ja`sdstn`tn n d`jk`sëvnc pkrk ja`qudstë-cas jaea
jcdn`tns par tahk k vdhk ‚ d`hnpn`hn`tn hn quk`tks vnzns ncns hdlke k vajï
qun `êa nstêa d`tnrnsskhas. N nssk ä k jmkvn? Yajï hn ikta nstë nspnrk`ha n
pck`nok`ha-sn pkrk qun nssns jcdn`tns kcenokhas cmn hdlke `êa eudtks vnzns,
 n ks rnondìþns `êa cmn ikrêa hnsdstdr. [ukc ä k prdendrk pnìk hn ekrgntd`l qun
vajï hnvnrdk n`vdkr k ncns1 [ukc ä k snlu`hk1 A qun ikznr quk`ha ncns
hnscdlke `k suk jkrk1 Jaea nstruturkr a prajnssa hn iarek qun snu pnssakc
skdfk cdhkr jae eÿctdpcks rnondìþns sne cnvë-cks pnssakcen`tn au hnsdstdr1

Nssn jkpåtuca cmn hkrë d`struìþns hntkcmkhks hn jaea qunfrkr jkhk rnjarhn hn
vn`hks qun suk neprnsk oë tnvn.
Nu n`sd`nd a ja`jndta has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas pkrk jcdn`tns ne rnu`dþns
d`hdvdhukds, ne skcks jmndks hn nxnjutdvas n pkrk eudtks autrks pnssaks pncas
enus pralrkeks hn trnd`ken`ta qun sêa vn`hdhas ne ekds hn 62 pkåsns.
[uk`ha en hnpkra jae pnssaks qun oë tdvnrke kclue trnd`ken`ta enu,
eudtks vnzns pnrjnfa qun uek hn suks nstrktäldks hn jrnsjden`ta prnhdcntk ä
a ja`jndta has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas au k –nstrktäldk ha encmar jaeprkhar―.
N`têa pnrlu`ta k ncks? –A qun vajï rnkcdzau `nstk ërnk1― N ä `nssn eaen`ta
qun hnsjufra qun a d`lrnhdn`tn qun ikctk ä uek afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa n
hdsjdpcd`k. Nssks pnssaks jaeprnn`hne a ja`jndta ha encmar jaeprkhar
d`tncnjtukcen`tn n skfne qun ä uek útdek nstrktäldk prk ikznr suks neprnsks
jrnsjnrne. Eks `êa hnhdjkrke a tnepa pkrk jrdkr ue pck`a hntkcmkha, au, sn
aJmkrcdn
idznrke, kfk`ha`krke
Eu`lnr, a `n`muek
`êa injmnd ja`jndta ikjdcen`tn. [uk`ha
vn`hk hurk`tn ensns.trkfkcmnd
@n`muek. pkrk
Eksa
pnrsdstd n kjkfnd par hafrkr ed`mks vn`hks hurk`tn trïs k`as snludhas. N`têa
nssn jkpåtuca hntkcmk nssn prajnssa pkssa k pkssa, jn`tåentra par jn`tåentra,
pkckvrk par pkckvrk, cntrk par cntrk.
As nxnjutdvas n vn`hnharns qun cnne nssn cdvra skfne qun `êa hnsdstdrêa
kpús k prdendrk rnondìêa7 eudta pnca ja`trërda, tar`kr-sn-êa kd`hk ekds
hntnred`khas. Eks k ekdardk has vn`hnharns ä trnd`khk hn ue k hads ensns n
sêa n`vdkhas pkrk rnjnfnr rnondìþns hn quksn ;22 % hn snus jcdn`tns
kcenokhas. A quêa departk`tn ä snu prahuta sn vajï vkd nefark hnpads hn
uek au huks rnondìþns1
Ka snr afstd`kha, pnrsdstn`tn n hntnred`kha, n ka ja`td`uken`tn n`ja`trkr
ek`ndrks ekds d`tncdln`tns n klrnssdvks pkrk jmkekr k ktn`ìêa hnssns jcdn`tns
kcenokhas, vajï hn ikta lk`mkrë snu rnspndta ne ca`la prkza. Xahas
rnspndtke k pnrsdstï`jdk pnrk`tn k rnsdstï`jdk. ^e rnprnsn`tk`tn hn rnckìþns
pÿfcdjks en pnrsnludu hdcdln`tnen`tn hurk`tn hads k`as. Id`kcen`tn, nu a
ja`trktnd hnvdha ekds ka rnspndta qun tdvn pnck suk hdcdlï`jdk ha qun pnck
ed`mk iä ne snus tkcn`tas. Rartk`ta, sn kcluäe nstë sneprn ktrës hn vajï,
jaenìkrë k sn`tdr-sn quksn qun afrdlkha k rnjaepn`skr suk pnrsdstï`jdk. Nssk
 nstrktäldk cmn eastrkrë jaea ja`qudstkr snu culkr jaea ue pckynr `a tapa ha
enrjkha a`hn `d`luäe pahnrë jaepntdr jae vajï.

K Yn`hk Rnrindtk has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas

Dssa ä a qun kja`tnjn quk`ha vajï ä hntnred`kha n snlun snu pck`a â rdsjk. A
jcdn`tn
ede neenu qun vn`hdk
lrk`hns kpuras.nqudpken`ta
K neprnsk ardld`kc (ANE)
mkvdk tdha pkrk ikfrdjk`tns
trïs k`as hn qunhk ne vnda
sukk
rnjndtk n n`ja`trkvk-sn ne $9 edcmþns `nlktdvas `ks vn`hks hn $;22 edcmþns.
Xrnd`nd a pnssakc `k nstrktäldk has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas pkrk kouhë-cas k
vn`hnr snus prahutas hn nqudpken`ta ardld`kc kas ekdarns ikfrdjk`tns hn snu
enrjkha. Jaea en`jda`nd `a Jkpåtuca Hads, trkfkcmnd jae uek nqudpn hn >2
pnssaks hurk`tn jd`ja ensns jae rnsuctkhas d`kjrnhdtëvnds.
K prdendrk jadsk qun idzneas iad ainrnjnr kas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas has
ekdarns ikfrdjk`tns hn snu enrjkha uek apartu`dhkhn hn kprn`hnr safrn –ks
jd`ja tn`hï`jdks ekds pnrdlasks kenkìk`ha as ikfrdjk`tns―. Ä hdiåjdc rnsdstdr k
nssk apartu`dhkhn sn vajï iar ue ikfrdjk`tn, nspnjdkcen`tn sn iar
kprnsn`tkhk par uek neprnsk fne rnspndtkhk ‚ a qun nrk a jksa hnssk
neprnsk. K jkrtk qun n`vdkeas kas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas hdzdk kcla jaea?
–Jaea vajï skfn, hnpn`hneas has ikfrdjk`tns pkrk snreas fne-sujnhdhas.
Jae dssa ne en`tn, rnkcdzkeas ue nstuha n hnsjafrdeas qun vajïs tïe
särdas prafcneks. Rkrk jnrtdidjkr-ea-`as hn qun as ikfrdjk`tns snoke fne-
sujnhdhas, nstkeas klark hdspa`dfdcdzk`ha nssk d`iarekìêa lrktudtken`tn
pkrk vajï―. Yajï `atkrë qun nu usa nssk kfarhklne jae irnquï`jdk. [uk`ha
vajï qudsnr snrvdr snu enrjkha, rnkcdzn kcluek pnsqudsk qun snok vkcdask pkrk
ncns. Kpkrn`tnen`tn, `assk jkrtk iad ja`vd`jn`tn, oë qun rnsuctau ne uek
tkxk hn rnspastk hn <%.
Huks snek`ks ekds tkrhn n`vdkeas autrk jkrtk ainrnjn`ha a d`iarektdva
lrktudta, eks hnssk vnz d`jcuåeas ue Jufa Eëldja jae as snlud`tns hdznrns?
–Nssn Jufa Eëldja tne ekds hn quktra fdcmþns hn jaefd`kìþns passåvnds.
Incdzen`tn, më kpn`ks jd`ja jae ks qukds vajï prnjdsk sn prnajupkr quk`ha
sn trktk hn snr ue ikfrdjk`tn fne-sujnhdha `a `ava edcï`da. @êa idqun
ja`iusa ne ikjn has pnrdlas kenkìk`ha as ikfrdjk`tns! Khqudrk `assa
d`iarektdva lrktudta maon―.
 Hneas ja`td`udhkhn k nssk d`tncdln`tn ekck hdrntk jae tncnia`neks indtas

pncas vn`hnharns.jae
hn hrkektdzkìêa Jaea ikìa jae
k nqudpn k ekdardk
hn vn`hks hn enus
hurk`tn jcdn`tns,
k snek`k idz nxnrjåjdas
d`tndrk par uek
mark hdërdk ne uek tncnja`inrï`jdk ne ekssk. Nu iartnen`tn kja`sncma tahk

neprnsk k rnkcdzkr uek tncnja`inrï`jdk hn mkfdcdhkhns hn vn`hks uek vnz par

snek`k. Zn snu pnssakc trkfkcmk ne uek ÿ`djk cajkcdzkìêa, vajïs pahne
rnu`dr-sn prnsn`jdkcen`tn ne vnz hn pnca tncnia`n.
Kqud nstë jaea hdvdhdeas nssk mark trnd`k`ha `a `nlújda? Nu ikìa
pnrlu`tks k jkhk rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks safrn a qun ncns hdssnrke, a qun a
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc hdssn, jaea ncns iarke rnondtkhas n a parquï hnssks
rnondìþns. @ús n`têa ikzneas nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa jae passåvnds
rnspastks pkrk nidjkzen`tn pnrsukhdr ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc hnsd`tnrnsskha k
d`tnrnsskr-sn. Jaea en`jda`nd `a Jkpåtuca Hads, quk`ha nu jaenjnd k
trkfkcmkr jae nssk neprnsk, `n`mue vn`hnhar nrk fne trnd`kha hn iarek k
snrne jkpkzns hn pnrsukhdr as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas qun hdzdke `êa nstkr
d`tnrnsskhas. Dssa `êa ä pkrk jrdtdjë-cas7 kpn`ks qunra eastrkr qun nssns
vn`hnharns nstkvke kjastuekhas k cdlkr pkrk a pnssakc ha jmêa hn iëfrdjk,
eks mkvdkekds
nstkvke pnhdha k ncns pkrk
vn`hn`ha as cdlkrne pkrkhnasnqudpken`ta
prahutas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas.
ardld`kc Nqun
ncns ncns
`êa
nstkvke kjastuekhas k vn`hnr ‚ ncns nstkvke vn`hn`ha klark ue pralrkek
nhujktdva lrktudta (qun nvn`tukcen`tn vn`hdk as prahutas hn nqudpken`ta
ardld`kc eudta ekds nidjkzen`tn).
Xahas as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks nrke pauja ckpdhkhas `a jaenìa. Eks
lrkìks k uek afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa n nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa snek`kds,
as rnprnsn`tk`tns encmarkrke jkhk vnz ekds. Hn ikta, k nqudpn d`tndrk tar`au-
sn surprnn`hn`tnen`tn fak. Ka id`kc has jd`ja ensns, jkhk nxnrjåjda hn
hrkektdzkìêa indta jae as rnprnsn`tk`tns nrk `atkvncen`tn nidjkz.
Yactneas k ekck hdrntk? Ja`td`ukeas n`vdk`ha kas jcdn`tns kcenokhas
uek ekck hdrntk jae ue fa`dta frd`hn k jkhk huks snek`ks hurk`tn jd`ja
ensns. N`vdkeas uek ck`tnr`d`mk jae k en`sklne, –@êa idqun `a nsjura
quk`ha sn trktk has jd`ja ekdarns pnrdlas kenkìk`ha as ikfrdjk`tns―. N
n`têa n`vdkeas ue jaepkssa jae uek `atk qun hdzdk? –K ekdardk hks
neprnsks pnrhn suk hdrnìêa quk`ha sn trktk hn ikfrdjkr `a eu`ha hn maon.
@êa snok uek hncks―. N ne snludhk n`vdkeas uek trn`k? –Rkrk enhdr as
rnsuctkhas hn suk neprnsk n hnsjafrdr sn nck ktd`ln as pkhrþns ekds kctas hn
ikfrdjkìêa, khqudrk `assa rncktúrda lrktudta safrn ks jd`ja tn`hï`jdks ekds
 pnrdlasks kenkìk`ha as ikfrdjk`tns―.
Rahn pkrnjnr jkra n`vdkr ue frd`hn k jkhk jcdn`tn patn`jdkc k jkhk huks
snek`ks. K jmkvn kqud ä qun nssk neprnsk kpn`ks as n`vdkvk pkrk kclueks
paujks jn`tn`ks hn jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Oë qun nssks paujks jn`tn`ks hn

jcdn`tns patn`jdkds nrke ks ekdarns neprnsks qun nssk neprnsk pahnrdk

passdvncen`tn kcenokr, sn ks ekcks hdrntks cmns jkpturkssne ue jcdn`tn, dssa
pklkrdk ks ekcks hdrntks jae as frd`hns par 62 k`as.

Mkvåkeas
jcdn`tn hdssn kn`vdkha
ue haskpn`ks quktra–Km,
vn`hnharns? hnssks
qunekcks hdrntks
fae qun vajïquk`ha
cdlau. ue lrk`hn
Nu prnjdsa
eudta qun vajï vn`mk ktä kqud sn rnu`dr jaedla―. A rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks
pnrlu`tau jmajkha? –N qukc a eatdva pkrk dssa1― A jcdn`tn rnspa`hnu?
–Rarqun nu nstdvn ou`tk`ha tahas nssns cd`has prnsn`td`mas qun vajïs n`vdke
n kjma qun snu ekrgntd`l ä sdepcnsen`tn d`jråvnc―. @a hdk qun a
rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks n`ja`trau-sn jae nssn jcdn`tn, vdu qun ncn frd`jkvk
ja`stk`tnen`tn jae tahas as frd`hns qun idjkvke safrn suk ensk. Ncn ktä
rnjckeau hn frd`jkhndrk parqun ncn mkvdk sn vdjdkha `a Jufa Eëldja. Nssn
tdpa hn nsiarìa hn ekrgntd`l hdcdln`tn n ja`stk`tn ja`qudstk k prktdjken`tn
tahas
qun uesnnxjncn`tn
vajï snluå-ca â rdsjka hnstkjkrë
ekrgntd`l par ue tnepa ca`la a suidjdn`tn. K qunstêa ä
`k euctdhêa.
Ne trïs ensns, mkvåkeas lkrk`tdha rnu`dþns jae entkhn hn snus ;22 Ekds
Kcenokhas. A pralrkek d`iarektdva, a qukc nrk snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc, iad
têa ja`vd`jn`tn qun ;22% has jcdn`tns patn`jdkds qun rnspa`hnrke n
kssdstdrke â kprnsn`tkìêa d`iarektdvk kjndtkrke tnstkr as prahutas hn
nqudpken`ta ardld`kc hn enu jcdn`tn. N hnssns qun as tnstkrke, ;22%
jaeprau kclue prahuta n hnu d`åjda k ue rnckjda`ken`ta.
Nssk ÿ`djk ktdvdhkhn cnvau nssk neprnsk hn $9 fdcmþns `nlktdvas k $6
fdcmþns pasdtdvas `a k`a snlud`tn. @êa ä `njnssërda hdznr qun enu jcdn`tn
nstkvk iark hn sd hn incdjdhkhn.

Znds Rkssas Zdepcns Rkrk Jacajkr ks Eêas `k Ekssk `as

Ncnen`tas Nssn`jdkds
Kqud nstêa snds pkssas sdepcns pkrk kouhë-ca k ja`qudstkr snus jcdn`tns
kcenokhas?
 ;. Nsjacmk snus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.
6. Nsjacmk as frd`hns.
:. Jrdn jkrtks pkrk snus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.

8. Jrdn ue jkcn`hërda pkrk snus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.

>. Vnkcdzn ue iaccaw-up hn tncnia`neks pkrk snus ;22 Ekds
Kcenokhas.

9. Kprnsn`tn ue frdnid`l nxnjutdva.

Rkssa ;? Nsjacmk Znus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas

@a Jkpåtuca 9, vajï inz cdstks hn snus jcdn`tns, fkdrras n kidcdkhas
kcenokhas. Hï uek acmkhk `avken`tn `nssks cdstks. Nssn ä a snu pa`ta hn
pkrtdhk pkrk jrdkr suk cdstk kcva has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas. Jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun
vajï snok jckra ne snus jrdtärdas pkrk nssk cdstk kcenokhk. [un tdpa hn
qukcdhkhns tne snus jcdn`tns au fkdrras kcenokhas1 Ncns sêa fne-sujnhdhas,
hn iarek k tnrne hd`mndra pkrk lkstkr sn qudsnrne au prnjdskrne jaeprkr1 Zn
vajï trkfkcmk jae ja`vï`das hn skÿhn, `êa snrdk d`tnrnssk`tn iajkr-sn `as
ekdarns maspdtkds1 Zn vajï nstë `k ërnk deafdcdërdk, ikrdk sn`tdha tnr jaea
kcva as fkdrras jae rnsdhï`jdks hn jckssn kctk. Rkrk neprnsks qun vn`hne
F6F, jaea k neprnsk hn ektnrdkc hn nsjrdtúrda qun usnd jaea nxnepca, as
jrdtärdas k snrne ja`sdhnrkhas sêa a `ÿenra hn iu`jda`ërdas, a vkcar hk
neprnsk, k cajkcdzkìêa, a sntar au qukcqunr autrk jkrkjtnråstdjk qun hn`atn
jaeprks ekds rëpdhks, ne ekdar quk`tdhkhn n ne ekdar irnquï`jdk qun
autras jaeprkharns. Yajï pahn ikznr dssa ikjdcen`tn `k D`tnr`nt. ^ek apìêa
ä vdsdtkr k pëld`k hn D`tnr`nt www.zkphktk.jae.
www.zkphktk.jae. D`sdrk snus jrdtärdas n, ne
paujas ed`utas, vajï vnrë tahks ks neprnsks hn ue hntnred`kha tkek`ma
ne qukcqunr d`hÿstrdk au sntar.
Ä departk`tn jrdkr ue fk`ja hn hkhas a`hn vajï passk lukrhkr uek
lrk`hn quk`tdhkhn hn d`iarekìêa safrn snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. [uk`ta ekds
vajï saufnr safrn snus jcdn`tns kcenokhas, ekds iëjdc snrë ktd`ld-cas. Kcäe
hdssa, ka jkpkjdtkr snus vn`hnharns k jacntkr eudtks d`iarekìþns safrn jkhk
jcdn`tn n tnr ue fk`ja hn hkhas pkrk lukrhë-cks, vajï tnrë tahk k d`iarekìêa
`njnssërdk pkrk ja`td`ukr ktd`ld`ha-as ensea qun kclue vn`hnhar
 nvn`tukcen`tn skdk hk neprnsk. Zn iarne jcdn`tns eudta lrk`hns, vkcn k pn`k
ikznr ekds pnsqudsk
suks pëld`ks safrnnncns
hk D`tnr`nt tn`tnk`tns hn jaenìkr
n`ja`trkr kcluesuk jkìk.
autra Hï uekpraeajda`kc
ektnrdkc acmkhk `ks
au krtdla safrn ncns. Jkhk tncnia`nek qun vajï ikz âquncn jcdn`tn patn`jdkc ‚ 

ensea qun snok kpn`ks pkrk ja`idrekr a n`hnrnìa au a `aen ha hdrntar

nxnjutdva ‚ ä uek útdek apartu`dhkhn hn kprn`hdzkha. Autrk inrrken`tk
jaeue uskhk par eudtas rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks `as Nstkhas ^`dhas pkrk

jacntkr ekds hntkcmns

www.maavnrs.jae
www.maavnrs.jae. . A safrn snus äjcdn`tns
Maavnrs patn`jdkds
ue snrvdìa ä k pëld`kqun
hn kssd`kturk hk D`tnr`nt
iar`njn
d`iarekìþns ktukcdzkhks safrn neprnsks, kssde jaea d`hÿstrdks n enrjkhas.
Zn vajï vn`hn F6F, prnjdskrë hnjdhdr qune hn`tra hn jkhk neprnsk
kcenokhk snrë snu jcdn`tn kcenokha. Kqud nstë k rnlrk pkrk nsjacmnr snu kcva?
kfarhn kquncn qun tne k kutardhkhn pkrk hdznr sde. @a jksa ha ikfrdjk`tn, as
rnprnsn`tk`tns vn`hdke k lnrn`tn hn cd`mk qun kpn`ks td`mk a pahnr hn hdznr
`êa. Zn kquncn lnrn`tn hn cd`mk qudsnssn khdjda`kr a prahuta ha enu jcdn`tn,
ncn tnrdk hn rnjarrnr k uek mdnrkrqudk ekds kctk `k neprnsk pkrk aftnr k
pnredssêa. K pnssak qun hë k pnredssêa ä qune vajï qunr tnr jaea a kcva hn
snus
jksa nsiarìas.
hk neprnskDssaqun
tkefäe
vn`hdkhntnred`k
pnìks hn akrtn
tdpak hn d`iarekìêa
maspdtkds, k snr n`vdkhk.
k d`iarekìêa @a
ne snu
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc nrk hn ue vkcar departk`tåssdea kas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas
ha maspdtkc. Rartk`ta, k kfarhklne ha ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva jkpkjdtau k
neprnsk k rnjnfnr vërdas hdrntarns nxnjutdvas qun kjndtkrke pkrtdjdpkr hn suk
kprnsn`tkìêa d`iarektdvk.

Rkssa 6? Nsjacmk as Frd`hns

Rnrjnfd qun uek hks encmarns ek`ndrks hn snr `atkha pncas snus ;22 Ekds
Kcenokhas ä n`vdkr k ncns pnqun`as frd`hns k jkhk huks snek`ks. Nsjacmk
frd`hns jaea a Jufa Eëldja qun oë en`jda`nd. Ä kpn`ks qunfrk-jkfnìks hn
fkdxa justa ne iarekta hn ue jufa hn pcëstdja ue pauja ekdar qun uek
pnhrd`mk hn lnca. Yajï hnvn ja`sdhnrkr eudtks dhndks pkrk dssa.
Zdepcnsen`tn ek`tn`mk snus frd`hns fkrktas. Frd`hns jkras pahne trk`sedtdr
k dhndk qun vajï nstë tn`tk`ha sufar`kr. Xdvn ue jcdn`tn qun oë lkstau
edcmþns ne enus prahutas n snrvdìas n `êa pnredtn qun nu cmn jaeprn `khk
 jkra jaea ue frd`hn hn klrkhnjden`ta. @a @ktkc, ncn hnvacvnu k jk`ntk hn
$; edc qun
Kclu`s tn`tnd prnsn`tnkr-cmn
nxnjutdvas vnne prnsn`tnsjaea
jkras klrkhnjden`ta
jae ue paujapncas snus `nlújdas.
hn ja`strk`lden`ta.
Rartk`ta, ue prnsn`tn fkrkta ä encmar. A jcdn`tn patn`jdkc idjkrë klrkhnjdha

jae nssn lnsta n `êa sn sn`tdrë jaeprkha.

Autra iktar jmkvn ä qun as frd`hns hnvne snr ÿtnds, jadsks jae ks qukds
ncns qundrke frd`jkr au lukrhkr pkrk sd ‚ au ensea cnvkr pkrk jksk pkrk ue

idcma. Ekds jae

u`tken`tn pkrknxnepcas
irn`tn `nstn jkpåtuca iar`njnrnd
hn en`skln`s qun vajï uek cdstkutdcdzkr
pahnrdk hn dhndks
pkrk
kjaepk`mkr ks ekcks hdrntks. Yajï hnvn uskr frd`hns ÿtnds hn iarek qun snus
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds as lukrhne n pn`sne ne vajï irnqun`tnen`tn. Zn vajï
n`vdkr k ncns ue jmkvndra jae uek `atk ikcsk hn $;22, ä fne pravëvnc qun
vë hdrnta pkrk k cdxndrk. Eks sn vajï n`vdkr k ncns uek jk`ntk ck`tnr`k, uek
trn`k au ktä uek pdstack hn ëluk, as nxnjutdvas pravkvncen`tn ks jacajkrêa
ne suks lkvntks n ks lukrhkrêa pkrk sd ue fae tnepa.
Jnrtk vnz quk`ha arlk`dznd uek indrk neprnskrdkc, `assk vn`hnhark hn
`assas frd`hns jarparktdvas ‚ idjmërdas, facsks n kssde par hdk`tn ‚ kpkrnjnu
`k indrk n en
Jacaqund-k prnsn`tnau
`a enu jae uekqun
facsa, kjmk`ha jk`ntk-ck`tnr`k jaeaidcmas
k hkrdk kas enus klrkhnjden`ta.
ekds tkrhn.
Nssn iad a hdk ha tnrrneata hn ;4=4 ne Zêa Irk`jdsja. Nu nstkvk sn`tkha ne
enu nsjrdtúrda ikck`ha ka tncnia`n jae ue kedla hn @avk Darqun quk`ha a
tnrrneata `as ktd`ldu. Xuha jaenìau k skjuhdr n tahas `a nsjrdtúrda n`trkrke
ne pæ`dja, jarrn`ha ne tahks ks hdrnìþns. Mkvn`ha en euhkha
rnjn`tnen`tn pkrk k Jkcdiúr`dk, nu nstkvk ekds prnpkrkha qun a pnssakc qun
vdvdk cë parqun nu rnkcen`tn prnstnd k ktn`ìêa ka snrvdìa pÿfcdja hn
d`struìþns safrn –a qun ikznr `a jksa hn ue tnrrneata―. Jarrd ktä k partk hn
enu nsjrdtúrda n lrdtnd k tahas? –Yêa pkrk hnfkdxa hn kcluek partk―. Jaea
nu nrk k vaz hk kutardhkhn ne enda ka pæ`dja, 6> pnssaks sufdtken`tn
jarrnrke ne hdrnìêa â ed`mk partk.
Jae k nqudpn d`tndrk klark saf ed`mk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn, `as hdrdldeas k
skåhk hn nenrlï`jdk, hnsjn`ha ;: k`hkrns hn nsjkhkrdk injmkhk, hn ja`jrnta
n sne ok`ncks. Ks cuzns hn nenrlï`jdk `êa iu`jda`kvke n k nsjkhk nstkvk `a
frnu. N`têa cë nstëvkeas, kpkcpk`ha ks pkrnhns pkrk n`ja`trkr a jked`ma
pkrk a prúxdea ck`jn hn nsjkhks. Hn rnpn`tn en cnefrnd hk ck`tnr`k ne enu
facsa. Xdrnd-k n kpnrtnd a fatêa. Kd`hk passa en cnefrkr hks jkrks
dcued`k`ha-sn `k tatkc nsjurdhêa. Kcluäe hdssn? –Yajï sneprn jkrrnlk uek
 ck`tnr`k ne snu facsa1― Nu `êa nrk kpn`ks ue fae nxnjutdva, eks tkefäe
ue fae nsjatndra, prnpkrkha pkrk tahks ks nenrlï`jdks. (@êa, `k vnrhkhn iad
sú ue incdz kjksa).
K qunstêa ä? Yajï `u`jk skfn quk`ha snu frd`hn snrë hn utdcdhkhn. N vajï

pahn kpastkr qun nu cdlund pkrk k vn`hnhark `a hdk snlud`tn pkrk ja`tkr k nck
safrn k mdstúrdk. Hnpads hnssn hdk, jaeprkeas hnssk vn`hnhark tahks âs
vnzns qun prnjdsëvkeas hn frd`hns jarparktdvas.

uekA afontdva ä hnstkjkr-snhkneekrjk.

ekdar hdvuclkìêa enda kEnsea
uek euctdhêa
sn as hn ekrgntd`l
jcdn`tns n praeavnr
patn`jdkds `êa
rnspa`hnrne as snus frd`hns, a nsiarìa kd`hk kssde kuen`tkrë suk
vdsdfdcdhkhn rkhdjkcen`tn n sacdhdidjkrë suk ekrjk.
Kqud nstë uek rëpdhk cdstk hn útdeks dhndks pkrk frd`hns ‚ lrk`hns skjkhks
ikfrdjkhks `k Jmd`k vn`hdhks k prnìas rdhdjucken`tn fkdxas. Ncks pahne snr
jaeprkhks ne uek pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt?

Cupks? ;22 par $92

Jkcjuckharks? ;62 par $622
Ed`d
Ed`d gdt hn inrrken`tks?
rkquntns ;62(prnsk
jae facd`mk par $;62
par ue ncëstdja)? ;62 par $>2
Kvdêazd`ma Rck`khar? ; edc par $<2
Jufa Eëldja? ;62 par $82
Kpdta hn entkc? ;62 par $;22
Hd`asskura hn pcëstdja? ;22 par $69

Rkssa :? Jrdn suk Jkrtk pkrk as ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas

^ek jkrtk hnvnrdk kjaepk`mkr jkhk frd`hn qun vajï n`vdkr. K jkrtk
hnvnrdk snr jurtk hn iarek qun as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds k cndke. Hnvnrdk snr
vd`juckha a frd`hn hn kcluek ek`ndrk d`tncdln`tn. Yajï prnjdsk ainrnjnr kcla
qun ncns ikjdcen`tn pahnrdke kjndtkr. K jkrtk hnvn d`jcudr ue jmkekha â
kìêa, hn iarek qun ncns skdfke nxktken`tn qukc a prúxdea pkssa qun vajï
qunr qun ncns taene.
A sujnssa hn snu nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas hnpn`hn ha qun vajï
hnjdhdr ainrnjnr k ncns. Cnefrn-sn ha qun vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca [uktra?
 K nstrktäldk vne k`tns hks tëtdjks. Zn snu nsiarìa iar tëtdja, suk jkrtk tkcvnz

hdlk? –@ús vn`hneas

kfarhklne ks encmarns rnfdefajks
tëtdjk nvn`tukcen`tn hk pkrkiusntk
tkefäe iu`jda`krë. Eksha`êa
eu`ha―. Nssk
têa nidjkz
quk`ta uskr suk prdendrk ainrtk pkrk pasdjda`kr-sn irn`tn kas jcdn`tns

patn`jdkds hn iarek qun vajï passk snrvd-cas, k`tns hn snrvdr k vajï ensea.
Zn vajï vn`hn k neprnsks, a qun rnkcen`tn prnjdsk ä hn uek rnu`dêa au hk
prnsn`ìk ha jcdn`tn patn`jdkc ne uek pkcnstrk a`cd`n (jaea iad nxpcdjkha `as

kjkpåtucas
jkrtk hnk`tnrdarns).
iarek vklk.^ek nstrktäldk
K jkrtk qun usa jae
pravkvncen`tn `êa nssks ekcks
injmkrë uekhdrntks
vn`hk, äeks
ikznr
a
tncnia`nek hn iaccaw-up cmn hkrë a qun vajï qunr. Ikckrneas safrn dssa `a
Rkssa >.
Kqud nstë uek jkrtk qun pahnrdk kjaepk`mkr ue jra`øentra?

 Rrnzkha (pnrsa`kcdzkha),
 K jkhk snlu`ha qun vajï `êa rnjnfn `assa frdnid`l nxnjutdva,
As Jd`ja D`sdlmts Ekds Jrujdkds ne (jkepa hk d`hÿstrdk) hn Maon,
vajï nstkrë pnrhn`ha hd`mndra.
 Nssn ä uepnck
 pktrajd`kha snrvdìa
`assklrktudta pkrk kuek
idrek jaea jaeu`dhkhn (suk
ek`ndrk hn hkrd`hÿstrdk)
kcla hn
vactk ka enrjkha. Nssn frdnid`l nxnjutdva vkcn ekds hn $: edcmþns
ne pnsqudsks7 nstë nspcn`hdhken`tn rnsuedha ne ue iarekta
hd`æedja n ja`täe d`iarekìþns safrn jaea kuen`tkr as `nlújdas
hurk`tn nssn pnråaha kssustkhar hn ja`jarrï`jdk kjdrrkhk n
(prnn`jmk jae autra prafcnek kqud). Cdlun maon pkrk khqudrdr snu
frdnid`l nxnjutdva maon. A tnepa nstë jarrn`ha n vajï nstë
 pnrhn`ha hd`mndra.

Nssk ä uek
jra`øentra. jkrtk
Oë qun fneä têa
k jkrtk jurtk.
jurtk,Xne
ä iktaue
qund`tncdln`tn vå`juca jae
snrë cdhk. Cnefrn-sn hn quna
vajï ck`ìkrë uek jkepk`mk, `êa n`vdkrë kpn`ks uek ÿ`djk jkrtk. Yajï nstë
jaepraentdha k hnstkjkr-sn ha rnsta n praeavnrë a ja`mnjden`ta hn suk
ekrjk pkrk nssn jcdn`tn. Kcäe hdssa, jaea oë iad hdta, `êa aftnrë a qun
rnkcen`tn qunr hn uek jkrtk. Ja`sdhnrn k jkrtk jaea sn iassn uek faefk hn
ca`la kcjk`jn? Rrnpkrkrë a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc k`tns qun vajï ktkqun
hdrntken`tn ‚ au snok, k`tns qun snu vn`hnhar hï ue tncnia`nek.
  Nxnrjåjda

@k cdstk hn frd`hns, nsjrnvk tåtucas ka ckha hn jkhk ue. Iaqun as

tåtucas `a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, `êa ne vajï. Rar nxnepca?

Xrn`k? –Enìk as rnsuctkhas hn suk neprnsk―.

Kpdta? –Jmken k ktn`ìêa ha kuen`ta hn justas ne (suk d`hÿstrdk)―.
Jkcjuckhark? –Jkcjucn a quk`ta vajï nstë pnrhn`ha/nja`aedzk`ha ne
suk fktkcmk pkrk haed`kr―.

Afvdken`tn, vajï prnjdsk iajkr ks jkrtks ne suk ainrtk. Zn vajï qudsnr

praeavnr uek pkcnstrk d`iarektdvk lrktudtk, k jkrtk ä ue útdea pa`ta hn
pkrtdhk pkrk nssk ainrtk. @a n`tk`ta, mkvnrë eaen`tas qun vajï `êa drë
qunrnr ainrnjnr uek kprnsn`tkìêa lrktudtk. Yajï pahn uskr nssk kfarhklne
hn ek`ndrk tëtdjk pkrk praeavnr snu prahuta au snrvdìa hdrntken`tn ka iajkr
k jkrtk `as fn`niåjdas hn snu prahuta au snrvdìa.
Xn`ma huks kfarhkln`s pkrk a usa has frd`hns ‚ k`tns n hnpads hk
–kprnsn`tkìêa hn d`iarektdvk lrktudtk―. @a eaen`ta, tn`ma ue jcdn`tn qun
aftnvn eudta sujnssa ka kprnsn`tkr nssk d`iarekìêa pkrk lrk`hns
jaeprkharns. K d`iarekìêa ä nxjncn`tn n cnvk enu jcdn`tn pkrk eudta pnrta
hn injmkr jae as lrk`hns jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Eks kd`hk më vërdas jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds qun `êa jaeprkrke `khk hnpads hn kssdstdr k kprnsn`tkìêa. Kclu`s
hncns sdepcnsen`tn khdke k jaeprk, hdzn`ha? –Nu tnrnd d`tnrnssn `dssa hkqud
k snds ensns―, n autras sêa fkstk`tn hdrntas? –Afrdlkhk pnck d`iarekìêa, eks
nu lasta ha enu ktukc prnstkhar hn snrvdìa―. @nstn jksa, hnpads hn ikznr k
kprnsn`tkìêa n snr
qun ä rnkcdzkhk rnondtkha, k jkrtk
k kprnsn`tkìêa, vajïpahn n hnvn uek
nstkfncnjn snr eudta tëtdjk.
pnqun`k ^ek vnz
jkfnjndrk hn
prkdk `k en`tn ha jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Eks ä kpn`ks jae ue iaccaw-up
ja`stk`tn n d`tn`sa qun as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds snrêa ja`qudstkhas kpús
mkvnrne hdta `êa. Zn vajï ja`td`ukr k n`vdkr-cmns frd`hns n`ln`masken`tn
vd`juckhas ka snu prahuta, nvn`tukcen`tn a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc jaenìkrë k
pn`skr? –Zkfn ha qun ekds1 Ykeas hkr ue pauja hn `nlújdas pkrk kqunck
neprnsk qun `êa pkrk hn n`vdkr-`as frd`hns. Kquncn pnssakc `u`jk hnsdstn.
Ykeas nxpnrden`të-cas―. Au, pahn snr qun, jaea oë vd kja`tnjnr ekds hn ;
 edc vnzns, ue fnca hdk ue has prnstkharns hn snrvdìas prninrdhas cmns ikcmk
ne kclue kspnjta. Zn vajï mkvdk ja`td`uken`tn n`vdk`ha frd`hns, pdefk,
vajï snrë k prdendrk neprnsk hn qune sn cnefrkrêa hnvdha â suk pnrsdstï`jdk.
Ncns a prajurkrêa quk`ha prnjdskrne hn ue `ava prnstkhar hn snrvdìas.

Rartk`ta, ja`td`un n`vdk`ha ks ekcks hdrntks. N ja`td`un ikzn`ha cdlkìþns hn

iaccaw-up.
 Nstrktäldk F6J 
K encmar nstrktäldk pkrk ktd`ldr as ja`suedharns ne lnrkc ä ekds jkrk qun
uek qun tn`mk jaea kcva ktd`ldr neprnsks, pads vajï hnvn ktd`ldr ue kcta
`ÿenra hn ja`suedharns pkrk jkuskr depkjta. A qun sdl`didjk qun, sn vajï sn
iajk ne ikfrdjk`tns, pahnrë aftnr ue lrk`hn depkjta `k suk neprnsk ka
kfarhkr kpn`ks kclueks jn`tn`ks hn lrk`hns jaepk`mdks. Eks sn vajï iar
ue oakcmndra, uek ja`jnssda`ërdk hn kutaeúvnds, ue hn`tdstk, ue
qudraprëxdja, ue vn`hnhar hn fkrjas au qukcqunr autra tdpa hn vkrnoa,
prnjdskrë ktd`ldr ue `ÿenra ekdar hn encmarns jaeprkharns pkrk ikznr k
hdinrn`ìk. ^sneas jaea nxnepca k jarrntark deafdcdërdk qun sn iajau ne ue
fkdrra d`tndrane
K8 hafrkha hn trïs,
jkskseks
hn jckssn kctk. Ncktahas
nck a n`vdau kpn`ks n`vdaupkrk
as ensns ue pk`icnta tkek`ma
ks enseks 6.622
rnsdhï`jdks sne ikcmkr. Zn vajï iar ue hn`tdstk n qudsnr vnr snu nsjrdtúrda
catkha hn pnssaks qun nstnoke ekds prnajupkhks jae k skÿhn ha qun jae a
hd`mndra qun prnjdskrêa lkstkr pkrk ek`tï-ck, n`têa ue nsiarìa ja`jn`trkha
hnvn snr indta pkrk ktd`ldr nssns encmarns fkdrras. Kqud nstë uek jkrtk pkrk
nssn lrupa qun vajï pahn uskr jaea ue eahnca?

 Rrnzkha (pnrsa`kcdzkha),
 Nstkeas nsjrnvn`ha k vajï hnvdha k suk pasdìêa ne suk
jaeu`dhkhn. Ä `assa
ekds hdstd`ludhks afontdva
ikeåcdks ne iar`njnr snrvdìas sd`luckrns
suk jaeu`dhkhn. Rartk`ta, pkrk ks
nstkeas
hdspastas k ja`qudstë-ca hn ek`ndrk qun sdepcnsen`tn `êa
ainrnjnråkeas k ekds `d`luäe. [unrneas qun vajï vnok jaea `assa
ktn`hden`ta k vajï snrë nxjncn`tn, partk`ta nstkeas hdspastas k
ainrnjnr-cmn uek cdepnzk n nxken hn ratd`k `a vkcar hn $;6> jaea
jartnsdk.

Nssn ä kpn`ks ue nxnepca. Kclu`s nstkhas passune cnds qun praåfne as

 hn`tdstks hn ikznr jadsks jaea nssk. Yajï ä rnspa`sëvnc par ja`mnjnr ks cnds
qunHdlkeas
lavnr`ke
qunsnuvajï
enrjkha
vn`hnaufkrjas.
d`hÿstrdk.
Rnredtk-en eastrkr-cmn jaea kfrdr snu
enrjkha n ktrkdr ekds jaeprkharns. K ekdardk has smawraaes hn fkrjas

prnjdsk k`u`jdkr ne rnvdstks hn fkrjas pkrk ktrkdr âquncks pnssaks qun oë nstêa
`a eu`ha has fkrjas. @a enu jksa, `u`jk mkvdk pksskha pnck ed`mk jkfnìk
tnr ue fkrja, n nu jnrtken`tn `u`jk cnrdk uek rnvdstk hn fkrjas. [uk`ha ue

kedla sulnrdu
maffy qun nu jaeprkssn
d`tnrnssk`tn―. Jaeprnd ue uefkrja
fkrja,uskha
nu pn`snd?
pkrk –Muee, pkrnjn
vnr sn nu snr ue
lastkvk hk
ktdvdhkhn n n`têa, `a k`a snlud`tn, traqund-a par ue dktn n en tar`nd ue
ëvdha ekrd`mndra. @a enu jksa, a åepnta iad k sulnstêa hn ue kedla, eks k
snlud`tn nstrktäldk tkcvnz tkefäe tnrdk en snhuzdha.
N`têa kqud nstë k nstrktäldk pkrk pn`ntrkr ne ue lrupa d`tndra hn
jaeprkharns patn`jdkds usk`ha as ja`jndtas hnstn jkpåtuca. Ä jckra qun vajï
`êa hnvn cdedtkr snu pn`sken`ta k fkrjas. Nssk nstrktäldk pahn snr kpcdjkhk k
qukcqunr prahuta au snrvdìa hn jckssn kctk. A prdendra pkssa ä nsjrnvnr uek
jkrtk pkrk ks rnsdhï`jdks hn jckssn kctk hn suk ërnk ainrnjn`ha k ncks kcla hn
vkcar
jaea rnckjda`kha ka snu
ue eahnca pkrk sukprahuta
prúprdkau snrvdìa. ^sn k snlud`tn jkrtk pkrk fkrjas
jkrtk?

 Rrnzkha (pnrsa`kcdzkha),
 @ús nstkeas nsjrnvn`ha k vajï parqun eudtks pnssaks ne suk
 pasdìêa hn vdhk nstêa hnsjafrd`ha k fncnzk, k pkz n k hdvnrsêa hn tnr
ue fkrja pkrk k ikeåcdk. Ä uek kvn`turk, uek apartu`dhkhn hn jrdkr
ckìas jae k ikeåcdk n kedlas, n uek ek`ndrk hn nsjkpkr hk jarrnrdk
ha hdk k hdk. Rar ue tnepa cdedtkha, n kpn`ks pkrk ks pnssaks ne suk
 pasdìêa, nstkrneas ainrnjn`ha ue hdk hn pkssnda hn fkrja. Yn`mk
hnsjafrdr sn vajï kek fkrjas. @ús cnvkrneas suk ikeåcdk d`tndrk pkrk
ue hdk ikfucasa hn pkssnda hn fkrja.

Zn vajï vn`hn fkrjas n `êa qunr ainrnjnr ue hdk d`tndra hn pkssnda, vajï
pahnrdk ainrnjnr ue pkssnda ka pør ha sac n cnvkr vërdas jkskds ka ensea
tnepa. Kclu`s hrd`gs hnpads, n`quk`ta snu fkrja `kvnlk ka pør ha sac,
eudtas tar`kr-sn-êa jcdn`tns patn`jdkds vdëvnds. Yajï `êa ainrnjnrë dssa k
qukcqunr ue ‚ kpn`ks a tdpa hn praprdntërda rnsdhï`jdk qun tn`mk ja`hdìþns
hn jaeprkr ue fkrja hn $:2 edc au ktä $:22 edc. Nssks pnssaks vkcne ue
 hdk ha snu tnepa. Afvdken`tn, `ne tahas jaeprkrêa, eks vajï sn
surprnn`hnrë ne jaea ks `atåjdks vêa hn fajk ne fajk. ^ek fak d`djdktdvk
jaea nssk pahnrë trkznr k vajï autras jaeprkharns ne autras eaen`tas.
Rn`sn safrn dssa? Zkfnr qune sêa snus encmarns kidcdkhas tkefäe ikz pkrtn

hn suk nstrktäldk ha encmar jaeprkhar. Yë ktä uek ja`jnssda`ërdk hk

Enrjnhns n ikìk uek trajk. [ukcqunr pnssak qun jaeprn kcluek Enrjnhns
hn ue vkcar prä-hnid`dha rnjnfnrë ue vkcn pkssnda ka pør ha sac ne ue hn

snus
Hnfkrjas.
qun autrk ek`ndrk vajï pahnrdk trkfkcmkr jae as kidcdkhas1 Ne snu
pkssnda ka pør ha sac, tkcvnz puhnssn ja`vdhkr ue vn`hnhar hn hdkek`tns
pkrk arlk`dzkr uek nxpasdìêa hn oadks ne snu fkrja. N tkcvnz vajï puhnssn
ktä rnjnfnr kcluek jaedssêa pncks vn`hks injmkhks. Au vë âquncn vn`hnhar
hn hdkek`tns n ainrnìk ue pkssnda hn fkrja ka pør ha sac k qukcqunr ue qun
jaeprn ekds hn $> edc ne hdkek`tns ne hd`mndra. Zn vajï iar ue vn`hnhar
hn hdkek`tns, pahn dr k ue smawraae hn fkrjas n ainrnjnr pkrk ikznr uek
nxpasdìêa pkrk qukcqunr jcdn`tn qun jaeprn ue fkrja. Au hï k ncns ue
jupae. Ks passdfdcdhkhns sêa d`id`dtks. Ä iëjdc kuen`tkr ks vn`hks sn vajï
uskr kclu`s has ja`jndtas hnstn cdvra.

 Nxnrjåjda
Nxnrjåjda ha encmar jaeprkhar? Nsjrnvk trïs jadsks qun vajï
pahnrdk ainrnjnr kas snus encmarns jaeprkharns qun `êa ainrnjnrdk
pkrk a rnstk`tn hk papuckìêa. Nsjacmk k encmar apìêa n, usk`ha as
eahncas kjdek, nsjrnvk uek jkrtk pkrk n`vdkr k nssns jaeprkharns.
Nxnrjåjda has kidcdkhas? [une oë vn`hn kas jaeprkharns qun
vajï qunr ktd`ldr1 A qun vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr k ncns au jaea
pahnrdk trkfkcmkr jae ncns pkrk ktd`ldr snus encmarns jaeprkharns1
Nsjrnvk ;2 dhndks.

Yactneas kas ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas has encmarns fkdrras. Cnefrn-sn hn

ja`td`ukr n`vdk`ha ainrtks kas earkharns has fkdrras. Ncns pksskrêa ha pa`ta
hn `u`jk mkvnr auvdha ikckr hn vajï k ja`mnjï-ca eudta fne. N ikìk kcla hn
nspnjdkc pkrk ncns. Ncns sêa nspnjdkds, n`têa as trktn hnssk iarek. Rkrk
 jnrtdidjkr-sn hn qun `êa mkok kfusa hn suk fak va`tkhn, nstkfncnìk hktks

cdedtn
ainrtks pkrk suks cnvkr
n qunrnr ainrtks. Jksaks ja`trërda,
tahks kcluäe
;6. K autrk jadskpahnrë kpkrnjnr
qun vajï pahn jae
ikznr;6ä
rneavnr ks pnssaks hk cdstk hn ainrtks-lrëtds uek vnz qun oë usuiruårke hn

kcluek ainrtk. Zuks ainrtks sêa a ja`tkta d`djdkc. ^ek vnz qun vajï kcjk`ìn
dssa, jkfn k vajï ainrnjnr kcla nxjnpjda`kc pkrk rntnr nssns jcdn`tns.

Rkssa 8? Jrdn Znu Jkcn`hërda has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas

[un d`djdktdvk hn ekrgntd`l vajï rnkcdzkrë pkrk snus ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas
tahas as ensns sne ikcmkr1 @k vnrhkhn, hnvnrdk snr  pnca en`as k
en`as k jkhk eïs.
Znrdk ktä encmar sn vajï n`vdkssn kcla k ncns k jkhk huks snek`ks. Nstnok
sneprn prnsn`tn n ne ja`tkta. @ne tahk ekck hdrntk prnjdsk ja`tnr ue
frd`hn, eks nssks snrêa ks ekcks hdrntks qun ncns rnkcen`tn cnrêa. Yajï
pahnrdk n`vdkr ue frd`hn par eïs jae facntd`s d`iarektdvas au jaeu`djkhas
hn deprn`sk n`trn ue frd`hn n autra. [uk`ta ekds ncns sn ikedcdkrdzkrne jae
snu `aen, encmar snrë suk jmk`jn hn ja`qudstë-cas.
Kqud nstêa kclueks inrrken`tks hn ekrgntd`l qun pahne snr jaarhn`khks
u`tken`tn jae snu nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas. Cnefrn-sn, jaea vajï
kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca Zntn (–As Zntn Ncnen`tas Nssn`jdkds ha Ekrgntd`l―)?
Jkhk uek hnssks inrrken`tks hnvn n`iktdzkr snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc n snr
ja`sdstn`tn `a vdsukc n `k en`sklne qun snrë n`vdkha kas snus jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds n jcdn`tns nintdvas?

Jkrtþns
Jkrtks
Frd`hns
Facntd`s d`iarektdvas
Rraeaìþns
 Rnsqudsks
Krtdlas hn VR n jaeu`djkhas hn deprn`sk

 Nxnrjåjda
 Jrdn ue nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas qun snok n`vdkha kas snus
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds k jkhk huks snek`ks. K`atn ne ue jkcn`hërda
qukc frd`hn n/ au ainrtks vajï n`vdkrë prdendra. Ne snludhk, k`atn

ne snu jkcn`hërda a qun n`vdkrë huks snek`ks hnpads. Znrë ue

facntde d`iarektdva au ue jupae1 Au vajï sdepcnsen`tn as
kfkrratkrë hn frd`hns hn iarek qun ncns ka en`as kfrke n cndke k

jkrtk
trïs k qun vajï n`vdau1
snds ensns pkrk snuIkìk uehas
nsiarìa pck`noken`ta hn snus prdendras
;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.

^ek Afsnrvkìêa
Eudtks neprnsks qun vn`hne d`jn`tdvas ainrnjne ue hnsja`ta sn vajï
jaeprkr uek jnrtk quk`tdhkhn. Rartk`ta jaeprkr tahas as frd`hns hn snus
;22 Ekds Kcenokhas hn uek vnz sú snrvn pkrk huks jadsks? A iarìkrë k
jaepraentnr-sn jae nssn nsiarìa (vajï oë tne as frd`hns ne eêas, n`têa
`khk ekds úfvda n`vdë-cas) n ja`snludrë ue hnsja`ta `as d`jn`tdvas.

Rkssa >? Vnkcdzn Xncnia`neks hn Iaccaw-^p pkrk Znus ;22

Ekds Kcenokhas
Kpús a n`vda hn jkhk frd`hn au jkrtk, vajï prnjdskrë rnkcdzkr ue iaccaw-up
pkrk jkhk ue has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas. Dssa snrë ekds iëjdc jae ks vn`hks
F6F parqun as `ÿenras hn tncnia`n nstêa ikjdcen`tn hdspa`åvnds. @as jksas
hn F6J, as `ÿenras hn tncnia`n tkcvnz `êa nstnoke cdstkhas au tkcvnz nstnoke
`k cdstk hn –tncnia`ns fcaqunkhas―. Rar dssa, `a jksa ha F6J, suk encmar
apìêa ä ja`td`ukr
cdstk skfnrêa n`vdk`ha
nxktken`tn ks vajï
qune ainrtks
ä. jae tk`tk ja`sdstï`jdk qun tahas `nssk
@a jksa hn F6F, a afontdva hnstn tncnia`nek hn iaccaw-up ä kln`hkr uek
rnu`dêa pkrk kprnsn`tkr snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc pkrk a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. A
prajnhden`ta ä a ensea kpús jkhk ekck hdrntk n`vdkhk pkrk suk cdstk
kcenokhk. Yajï cdlkrë kpús jkhk ekck hdrntk. @a n`tk`ta, oë vd kja`tnjnr qun
ks jkrtks kjdek hnsdl`khks d`stdlkrêa kclu`s nxnjutdvas k cdlkrne pkrk vajï
vajï k
 k
ide hn aftnr a rncktúrda lrktudta qun iad ainrnjdha. @a jksa hkquncn enu
jcdn`tn qun vn`hdk pkrk ikfrdjk`tns, k jkrtk sn rninrdk k ue –rncktúrda
 lrktudta―, eks `êa
`êa nspnjdidjkvk
 nspnjdidjkvk qun nssn rncktúrda nrk n`trnlun par enda hn
uek kprnsn`tkìêa prnsn`jdkc. @êa jaentk a nrra hn hdznr ne uek jkrtk? –@ús
qunrneas dr ktä vajï pkrk ikznr nssk kprnsn`tkìêa―. Nssk ä uek vn`hk eudta
ekdar pkrk snr aftdhk hnssk jkrtk. Ä pauja pravëvnc qun snus jcdn`tns

patn`jdkds kjndtne qun kcluäe vn`mk ktä suk neprnsk pkrk ikznr uek
kprnsn`tkìêa fksnk`ha-sn kpn`ks `uek pnqun`k jkrtk. Rar dssa k jkrtk
ainrnjn ue rncktúrda lrktudta ‚ n quk`ha ncns cdlkrne, snu vn`hnhar tnrë k

apartu`dhkhn hn kpraiu`hkr-sn
hn uek kprnsn`tkìêa prnsn`jdkc.n nxpcdjkr qun a rncktúrda ä n`trnlun par enda
Jnrtk vnz, quk`ha n`vdkeas jkrtks jae k ainrtk hn dreas ktä a jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc pkrk ikznr uek kprnsn`tkìêa, rnjnfneas znra tncnia`neks. [uk`ha
euhkeas k jkrtk pkrk ainrnjnr ue rncktúrda lrktudta qun `êa nspnjdidjkvk qun
nssn nrk kprnsn`tkha prnsn`jdkcen`tn, <% hkquncns qun rnjnfnrke k jkrtk
cdlkrke pkrk khqudrd-ca. @nstn eaen`ta, ue snr vdva (snu vn`hnhar) pahnrë
ikznr k trk`sdìêa pkrk uek nxpnrdï`jdk eudta ekds kpraiu`hkhk pkrk a jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc.
Au snok, a ratndra ha vn`hnhar nrk kcla kssde? –Km, vajï pn`sau qun dssa
iassn ue rncktúrda qun `ús kpn`ks cmn n`vdkråkeas par jarrnda. @êa, ä eudta
encmar qun dssa. Zn kpn`ks cmn n`vdkreas ue rncktúrda jae jn`tn`ks hn
pëld`ks hn hkhas jrus, vajï pravkvncen`tn `u`jk a cnrdk. Rartk`ta, pkrk ikznr
a snrvdìa jaepcnta, `ús ja`trktkeas uek neprnsk hn lrëidjas pkrk ja`vnrtnr
as hkhas ne uek snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa jae rnjursas vdsukds jacardhas n eudta
d`tnrnssk`tns, k qukc kprnsn`tkrneas ne snu prúprda nsjrdtúrda. Nssk snssêa
nstë jmndk hn nxjncn`tns d`iarekìþns pkrk dcustrkr as pa`tas, d`jcud`ha
lrëidjas hn fkrrks, lrëidjas ne lnrkc n iatas. Ä uek útdek nxpnrdï`jdk. N
tahas qun k kssdstdrke idjkrke deprnssda`khas. K ekdardk hn snus
ja`jarrn`tns au oë k kssdstdu au oë nstë ne `assk cdstk klukrhk`ha `assk vdsdtk.
Hurk kpn`ks := ed`utas n tneas pkcnstrk`tns qun nstêa vdkok`ha a pkås `nstn
eaen`ta pkrk kprnsn`të-ck. Yajï `ne prnjdskrë vdkokr. Kssdstk-k ha ja`iarta
hn snu prúprda nsjrdtúrda. Yajï pahn ktä kssdstdr k snssêa `a nstdca –kceajn n
kprn`hk―. Yajï ja`mnjn nssn tnrea1 Ä eudta uskha `a eu`ha has `nlújdas
hn maon. Hn qukcqunr ek`ndrk, vajï prnjdskrë kceaìkr, n`têa kqud nstë uek
apartu`dhkhn pkrk kprn`hnr n`quk`ta vajï kceaìk. @ús pktrajd`keas tuha. A
vkcar ä fkstk`tn kcta, eks `êa justkrë `ne ue jn`tkva k vajï. Rar qun
ikzneas dssa1 Dssa ä ue nsiarìa hn VR hk `assk pkrtn ‚ uek ek`ndrk hn
 iarekr rnckjda`ken`tas `k jaeu`dhkhn hn ikfrdjkìêa n jaepkrtdcmkr nssk
d`iarekìêa pkrk kouhkr-`as k tahas pkrk snreas ekds fne-sujnhdhas. @ús
lastkråkeas hn ja`mnjnr pnssaks jaea vajï n ktä kprn`hnr kcla hn vajï
n`quk`ta jaepkrtdcmkeas nssk d`iarekìêa. Yajï tne kclue jkcn`hërda â
eêa1

@atn qun a vn`hnhar hdssn qun ue –pkcnstrk`tn― drë ktä k neprnsk ikznr
uek kprnsn`tkìêa. @avken`tn, snr ue nstrktnldstk sdl`didjk atdedzkr tuha,
d`jcud`ha ks pkckvrks uskhks. A tåtuca jarrnta pkrk k pasdìêa hn snus

vn`hnharns
lastk hn snr pahn snr eudta
prnssda`kha nstrktäldja.
k jaeprkr, Jaea
partk`ta oë iad en`jda`kha,
hnsn`vacvk tåtucas pkrk `d`luäe
pasdìþns
qun `êa sane rnckjda`khks k vn`hks. Hnssk ek`ndrk, as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn
vn`hks snrêa ekds fne vdstas pnca jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. N, kcäe hdssa, qune
hdssn qun snus vn`hnharns `êa pahne tkefäe snr pkcnstrk`tns1 Ncns
jnrtken`tn pahne tnr autrk pasdìêa ne suk neprnsk.
[uk`ta âquncns jcdn`tns patn`jdkds qun `êa cdlke pkrk sacdjdtkr a rncktúrda,
vajï cdlkrë pkrk ncns. Maon, uek hks tkrniks ekds hdiåjnds ä ja`tar`kr k
kssdstn`tn qun tne k rnspa`skfdcdhkhn hn pratnlnr as kctas nxnjutdvas.
Ikìkeas ue pauja hn trnd`ken`ta ne rnckìêa k dssa klark.

Jaea Ja`tar`kr k Kssdstn`tn n Ja`snludr Ikckr jae [ukcqunr 

Rnssak `a Xncnia`n
Zn vajï vn`hn F6F, a quk`ta vkcn snu nsiarìa hn tn`tkr ja`vn`jnr a ekds
pahnrasa hdrntar nxnjutdva ha pck`ntk k rnu`dr-sn jae vajï1 Dekld`n qun
vajï nstë sn`tkha `k irn`tn hn ue jcdn`tn kcenokha qun par kjksa tne a pahnr
hn n`trnlkr k vajï ue jmnqun hn sntn håldtas k`tns qun vajï hndxn snu
nsjrdtúrda.
Oë iud jkpkz hn ja`tar`kr kssdstn`tns n ikckr hdrntken`tn jae as snlud`tns
nxnjutdvas `a tncnia`n (kclu`s `êa nxnrjne ekds nssks iu`ìþns, eks ks
nxnrjdke quk`ha nu as ja`tktnd)?
Edjmknc Nds`nr hk Hds`ny
Lnarln _deenr ha En`—s \krnmausn
Hkvdh Rattrujg, hdrntar nxnjutdva hk Jmkrcns Zjmwkf
Rmdc Rurjncc, hdrntar nxnjutdva hk Earlk` Ztk`cny
Jkrc Vndjmkrht, prnsdhn`tn ha ja`sncma hn khed`dstrkìêa ha \nccs Ikrla
Fk`g
 Kck` Mar`, hdrntar apnrkjda`kc hk \kr`nr Fras.

K ekdar hdjk ä qun snu tae hn vaz prnjdsk sakr departk`tn. Yajï sn
n`trnlkrë jaea vn`hnhar sn tn`tkr snr jmkreasa jae k kssdstn`tn. @êa
pnrlu`tn k nck? –Jaea nstë vajï maon1― Dssa ä a ekdar icklrk hn qun vajï ä

ue vn`hnhar. Jaea nu oë mkvdk en`jda`kha, ja`snlud ikckr hdrntken`tn `a

tncnia`n jae a prnsdhn`tn ha ja`sncma hn khed`dstrkìêa ha \nccs Ikrla Fk`g
ka cdlkr jae uek vaz eudta kutardtërdk n hdznr? –Acë. A Jkrc nstë par kå1―
Rkrk enu cdlk
[une tatkcpkrk
surprnsk, ncn en cdlau
as hdrntarns hn vactk.
nxnjutdvas hks ekdarns neprnsks ha eu`ha1
Rnssaks eudta departk`tns. Rartk`ta, sn suk vaz tdvnr kquncn tae hn
kutardhkhn n vajï hdssnr âs kssdstn`tns a qun ikznr ‚ `êa pnhdr ‚ ä eudta
pravëvnc qun vajï ja`sdlk pksskr hk suk lukrhk.
A autra snlrnha pkrk ikckr hdrntken`tn jae kquncn kcta nxnjutdva `a
tncnia`n ä n`vdkr k kssdstn`tn ka snu kcva quk`tks vnzns vajï puhnr
iar`njn`ha eudta paujk d`iarekìêa. Hndxn-en eastrkr-cmn k hdinrn`ìk?

YAJÏ? Acë. Jaea vkd vajï1

KZZDZXN@XN?
YAJÏ?  Fne.sn n`ja`trk1
 A Zr. Zedtm
KZZDZXN@XN? [une ikck1
YAJÏ? Kqud ä a Fdcc Oam`sta`.
KZZDZXN@XN? N dssa snrdk ne rnckìêa k a qun1
YAJÏ? Nstau cdlk`ha pkrk ikckr safrn a enu prahuta.
KZZDZXN@XN? Eudta fne. Hndxn-en k`atkr snu rnjkha.

K prdendrk pnrlu`tk ä? [une nstë cdhnrk`ha nssk ja`vnrsk1 K kssdstn`tn.

N`quk`ta k kssdstn`tn cdhnrkr, vajï pnrhnrë. Yajï prnjdsk cdhnrkr k ja`vnrsk
sneprn.
Dssa `êaHndxn-en
qunr hdznrn`iktdzkr kcla?prnjdsn
qun vajï @u`jkja`tkr
ed`tk. tahk
@u`jkk hï ikcsks d`iarekìþns.
vnrhkhn. Kpn`ks `êa
ed`tk. @u`jk.
Afsnrvn ks sutdcnzks kqud n`quk`ta cmn eastra jaea n`vdkr k kssdstn`tn hn
vactk tk`tks vnzns qun a hdrntar nxnjutdva id`kcen`tn idjkrë ikrta n cmn hdrë
pkrk trk`sinrdr k cdlkìêa. Hn ikta, ikìk uek jaepntdìêa. Ynok quk`tks vnzns
vajï ja`snlun ek`hkr kqunck kssdstn`tn ka hdrntar nxnjutdva.

YAJÏ? Acë. Kqud ä a Fdcc Oam`sa`. Nstau cdlk`ha pkrk ikckr jae a Jkrc.
 Ncn nstë par kå1

(@atn jaea k kssdstn`tn `êa pahn pnrlu`tkr enu `aen. Nu oë a hnd. Rnssaks
departk`tns hêa snu `aen. N nu `êa pnrlu`tnd? –Jaea vkd vajï1―)

KZZDZXN@XN? N ka qun sn rninrn1

YAJÏ? Kpn`ks hdlk k ncn qun ä a Fdcc Oam`sta`.

(K kssdstn`tn vkd ktä a Jkrc n cmn hdz qun a Fdcc Oam`sa` nstë `a tncnia`n. A
jmnin hdz? –Zafrn a qun1― K kssdstn`tn hdz? –Ncn `êa d`iareau. Rkrnjn jaea
sn a ja`mnjnssn―. A jmnin hdz â kssdstn`tn pkrk aftnr ekds d`iarekìþns.)

KZZDZXN@XN? Hnsjucpn-en. Yajï pahnrdk en hdznr ha qun sn trktk1

YAJÏ? Yajï hdssn k ncn qun nrk a Fdcc Oam`sta`1
KZZDZXN@XN? Zde. Ncn `êa pkrnjdk ja`mnjï-ca.
YAJÏ? Muee. Kpn`ks hdlk k ncn qun nstau jae k Neprnsk ]T_. Dssa
tkcvnz cmn rnirnsqun k eneúrdk.

Cnefrn-sn hn ek`tnr ue tae hn kutardhkhn. Dssa tdrk k pasturk hnin`sdvk

kssdstn`tn. Ncks kd`hk `êa skfne sn tne kclue pahnr safrn vajï. Eks a
ed`uta qun vajï jaenìkr k sakr jaea ue vn`hnhar,hkrë k ncks nssn pahnr n
ncks a uskrêa fne. Yajï prnjdsk ek`tï-ck hnscajkhk.
K kssdstn`tn klark vactk ka jmnin `avken`tn, nspnrk`ha qun ncn tkcvnz
ja`mnìk vajï. Yajï `êa hdssn qun ncn a ja`mnjdk. Yajï ikcau qun a `aen hk
suk neprnsk tkcvnz cmn rnirnsjkssn k eneúrdk. Dhnkcen`tn, vajï oë tnrë
n`vdkha uek jkrtk jae eudta paujk d`iarekìêa. Ensea sn iar oalkhk iark,
kd`hk cmn hkrë k cdfnrhkhn hn kldr jaea sn ncn tkcvnz cnefrkssn hn vajï, ha
`aen hn suk neprnsk au hk rkzêa hn snu tncnia`nek.

KZZDZXN@XN? Hnsjucpn-en, Zr. Oam`sta`, eks ncn `êa sn cnefrau ha

`aen hn suk neprnsk. Yajï pahnrdk, par ikvar, en hdznr safrn a qun
sn trktk1
YAJÏ? Jae qune ikca1

(Yajï taek a ja`tracn hk ja`vnrsk.)

KZZDZXN@XN? Nu sau suk kssdstn`tn.

 YAJÏ? Yajï ä suk kssdstn`tn rnluckr1
KZZDZXN@XN? Zde.
YAJÏ? [ukc ä a snu `aen1
KZZDXN@XN? Zmdrcny.

@ús qunrneas nxtrkdr a eëxdea hn d`iarekìêa passåvnc hn jkhk cdlkìêa.

Yajï `êa nstkrë kpn`ks taek`ha a ja`tracn, eks jaea sn n`ja`trk `a d`åjda
ha snu trkfkcma jae nssn jcdn`tn kcenokha, ä prnjdsa qun vajï ek`tn`mk ue
mdstúrdja depnjëvnc n aftn`mk ekds d`iarekìêa hn jkhk cdlkìêa indtk.
YAJÏ (tae hn kutardhkhn)? Zmdrcny, sn vajï hdssnr ka Jkrc qun nstau
cdlk`ha ne rnckìêa k kclueks jarrnspa`hï`jdks qun n`vdnd, dssa snrë
a suidjdn`tn.

Xn`mk k jnrtnzk hn qun kquncn kcta nxnjutdva `êa tnrë enha hn ktn`hï-ca. N
k ekdardk sêa skcvkharns. Ncns skcvkrêa k kssdstn`tn n hdrêa kpn`ks? –Xrk`sidrk
k cdlkìêa―. K nssk kcturk, eudtks vnzns as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas ktn`hne ka
tncnia`n kpn`ks pkrk qun k kssdstn`tn pkrn hn fktnr â suk partk. Ncn snrë ruhn n

nstkrë
skårne ue pauja
hn suk fajkdepkjdn`tn.
prnjdske Dssa sdl`didjkhdrntks
snr kidkhks, qun ksn pkrnjnrne
prdendrks pkckvrks qun
departk`tns.
Znok cë a qun vajï idznr, `êa sn trk`siaren ne ue vn`hnhar ka hdznr k ncn?
–Jaea vkd vajï1― Yn`hnhar! Ek`tn`mk suk kutardhkhn. N tn`mk uek
kfnrturk ik`tëstdjk hn hads ed`utas oë pra`tk (jaea ks dhndks hn ratndra
iar`njdhks `nstn cdvra safrn k kfarhklne d`iarektdvk.). Znok kstuta, snok
ja`idk`tn (dssa ä jmkvn) n skdfk qun snu tae hn vaz tne jd`ja vnzns ekds
depkjta `k pnrjnpìêa ha qun ks pkckvrks qun vajï usk.

Rkssa 9? Kprnsn`tn a Frdnid`l Nxnjutdva

Nssn pkssa iad hntkcmkhken`tn jafnrta `a Jkpåtuca [uktra, safrn nstrktäldks,
n `a Jkpåtuca Adta, safrn kprnsn`tkìþns nidjkzns. Eks kqud nstë uek rnvdsêa
has pa`tas jmkvn k snrne cnefrkhas safrn k jrdkìêa hn snu krluen`ta
prd`jdpkc?

^sn hkhas ha enrjkha, `êa ha prahuta.

 Nstkfncnìk jrdtärdas hn jaeprk ne snu ikvar.
N`ja`trn –pravk jkfkc―, kcla qun d`nlkvncen`tn a pasdjda`krë
safrn tahas as autras.
Jnrtdidqun-sn hn ktd`ldr snus pa`tas prafcneëtdjas.
Rraeavk snu prahuta au snrvdìa kpn`ks hnpads hn mkvnr ikckha ne

hntkcmn safrn k snssêa d`iarektdvk.

d`iarektdvk.

A ekdar nrra qun vnoa as vn`hnharns jaentnrne ä praeavnr-sn jnha

hnekds ne suk kprnsn`tkìêa d`iarektdvk. Yajï praentnu uek nxpnrdï`jdk
d`iarektdvk, partk`ta vajï prnjdsk jueprdr jae k suk pkckvrk. K fncnzk hk
kfarhklne ha krluen`ta prd`jdpkc ä qun vajï hë k ncns eudtks d`iarekìþns
ÿtnds n n`têa k kprnsn`tkìêa d`nvdtkvncen`tn cnvk â ja`struìêa hn uek
rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk. –Xn`ma ue d`iarektdva hn hads ed`utas safrn `assk
neprnsk. Yajïs lastkrdke hn vï-ca1― Zn vajï inz ue fae trkfkcma `k
prdendrk pkrtn hn suk kprnsn`tkìêa, `d`luäe rnjuskrë.
Kouhnd eudtks neprnsks k uskrne k kfarhklne hk snssêa d`iarektdvk
lrktudtk hn vërdks ek`ndrks. Kqud nstêa kclueks apìþns?

;. ue
Xahks as vn`hnharns
hncns sêa trnd`khas
pahn cnvkr nssks jaea
inrrken`tks –kprnsn`tkharns―
d`iarektdvks n jkhk
hn ekrgntd`l
pkrk k cd`mk hn irn`tn, kln`hkr suks prúprdks rnu`dþns n ikznr
kprnsn`tkìþns. Kpn`ks nstnok kfsacutken`tn jnrta hn qun ncns sêa
jkpkzns hn kprnsn`tkr n qun ncns `êa snrêa trujdhkhas cë iark. Xnstn
jkhk ue hn snus vn`hnharns. Yajï pahn ktä arlk`dzkr uek
jaepntdìêa pkrk –a encmar kprnsn`tkhar― n rnsnrvkr kclue hd`mndra
qun as encmarns kprnsn`tkharns lk`mne jaea prïeda. Dssa eatdvk
k tahas k prktdjkrne a ektnrdkc n, kcäe hdssa, iarìkrë k tahas k
kssdstdr âs kprnsn`tkìþns has jacnlks, `ks qukds kprn`hnrêa ks
eudtks
6. Znu kfarhkln`s hn
rnprnsn`tk`tn hdinrn`tns
vn`hks qun ncnsrnspa`skfdcdzkr-sn
pahn tn`mke hnsn`vacvdha.
kpn`ks pnca
kln`hken`ta hk rnu`dêa n vajï pahn uskr snus encmarns
kprnsn`tkharns pkrk kprnsn`tkr a ektnrdkc. Nu trkfkcmnd jae uek
neprnsk `k @arunlk qun kpnrindìaau nssn eätaha. Nck `atau qun
ue hn snus kprnsn`tkharns nstkvk injmk`ha trïs au quktra vnzns
ekds vn`hks qun as autras. N`têa cmn hneas uek jaedssêa
khdjda`kc, n as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks n`vdkvke jcdn`tns pkrk suks
 pkcnstrks a`cd`n. Ne snludhk, as rnprnsn`tk`tns hn vn`hks ikzdke a
iaccaw-up pkrk as jcdn`tns qun oë mkvdke n`vdkha jae k tkrnik hn
injmkr ks vn`hks.
:. Afvdken`tn, dssa pahn snr indta prnsn`jdkcen`tn sn k vn`hk iar
lrk`hn a suidjdn`tn n vkcmk a d`vnstden`ta hn n`vdkr vn`hnharns kas

jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Zn passåvnc, a rnprnsn`tk`tn qun kln`hau k

rnu`dêa hnvnrdk jaepkrnjnr â rnu`dêa, kssde jaea k pnssak
rnspa`sëvnc pnca iaccaw-up n pnca injmken`ta hk vn`hk.
Afvdken`tn snrdk encmarikz
rnu`dêa. A kprnsn`tkhar snktuha dssa iassnjae
kprnsn`tkìêa rnkcdzkha ne uekâÿ`djk
ue jmkekha kìêa
`a id`kc, jaea uek kvkcdkìêa au uek kuhdtardk lrktudtk has eätahas
ktukds. N, sn passåvnc a rnprnsn`tk`tn injmk k vn`hk `kquncn ensea
d`stk`tn.

^ek afsnrvkìêa departk`tn? Kpn`ks uek pnssak pahn kprnsn`tkr hn jkhk

vnz. Zn a rnprnsn`tk`tn kjaepk`mkr a kprnsn`tkhar ‚ qun afvdken`tn passud
nxjncn`tns mkfdcdhkhns pkrk kprnsn`tkr as hkhas n ek`tnr k ktn`ìêa ha jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc ‚ n`têa k rnspa`skfdcdhkhn hkquncn rnprnsn`tk`tn `kqunck skck snrë
kpadkr as nsiarìas
rnprnsn`tk`tn ha kprnsn`tkhar.
jaenìau k rkfdsjkr `a Jnrtk
pkpnc. vnz, iud k vdsta
Ncn td`mk uek nssk
rnu`dêa a`hn a
d`iarekìêa
tk`tks vnzns qun nstkvk n`tnhdkha n kldk hnssk ek`ndrk. [un deprnssêa vajï
kjmk qun a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc tnvn hkqunck d`iarekìêa1 Xdvn va`tkhn hn nstdjkr
enu frkìa pkrk tdrkr k jk`ntk hk eêa ha rnprnsn`tk`tn. N`têa jnrtdidqun-sn
qun a rnprnsn`tk`tn nstë nxtrneken`tn k`dekha pncks d`jråvnds d`iarekìþns
sn`ha kprnsn`tkhks. Xkefäe oë vd jksas a`hn huks pnssaks idznrke k
kprnsn`tkìêa n prktdjken`tn jaepntdrke pnck ktn`ìêa ha jcdn`tn. K jkfnìk ha
jcdn`tn pkrnjdk jaea sn nstdvnssn kssdstd`ha k ue oala hn tï`ds ‚ suk jkfnìk
vdrk`ha hk nsqunrhk pkrk k hdrndtk, hn ue khvnrsërda pkrk a autra.
K D`tnr`nt klark passdfdcdtk ks huks apìþns? a rnprnsn`tk`tn pahn
kprnsn`tkr a`cd`n au pahn kpn`ks ja`vn`jnr a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc pkrtdjdpkr hk
pkcnstrk a`cd`n. @nstn jksa a encmar kprnsn`tkhar hk neprnsk pahn snr kquncn
qun rnkcdzk k snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa au a frdnid`l nxnjutdva. Hï uek acmkhk `ks
pëld`ks hk D`tnr`nt www.lataenntd`l.jae,
www.lataenntd`l.jae, www.cdvnenntd`l.jae
www.cdvnenntd`l.jae   au
www.vcd`gcdvn.jae.. Zêa prnstkharns hn snrvdìas qun passdfdcdtke k
www.vcd`gcdvn.jae
kprnsn`tkìêa hn dekln`s `k D`tnr`nt n`quk`ta vajï tkefäe ikck ka tncnia`n
jae ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Nssk ä uek ek`ndrk eudta d`tnrnssk`tn hn vn`hnr.
 @d`luäe prnjdsk vdkokr n kclueks vnzns ä ekds iëjdc kln`hkr uek rnu`dêa
jae as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds sn ncns `êa prnjdskrne sn jaepraentnr k rnjnfï-ca
ne snu prúprda nsjrdtúrda. Rar autra ckha, tkefäe ä eudta ekds iëjdc qun ncns
`êa jaepkrnìke.
Rartk`ta, sn vajï aptk pnck pkcnstrk a`cd`n, prnjdskrë jrdkr nxjncn`tns pnìks

hn iaccaw-up qun ek`tn`mke k dhndk irnsjk `k en`tn ha jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Zn

enus vn`hnharns ja`vnrske jae ue jcdn`tn patn`jdkc `k snlu`hk-indrk n
kln`hke uek rnu`dêa pkrk hads hdks hnpads, a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc rnjnfnrë trïs
pnìks hn jaeu`djkìêa.
praeavnr d`tn`sken`tn ^ek jmnlk denhdktken`tn
a ja`tnÿha qun kssdstdrêa. pkrk ja`idrekr
@a hdk k rnu`dêa
snlud`tn, a jcdn`tnn
patn`jdkc rnjnfnrë uek jkrtk hn uek pëld`k hn autra nxnjutdva qun vdu nssn
ektnrdkc n nstë k`dekhken`tn ja`tk`ha jaea iad vkcdasa. N n`têa, `a hdk hk
rnu`dêa, a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc rnjnfnrë uek snlu`hk jkrtk praeavn`ha hdzn`ha
jaea a ja`tnÿha ä ekl`åidja. Vnjn`tnen`tn, hnsn`vacvneas uek ekck
hdrntk qun prnjdsk snr prnn`jmdhk as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. As jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
acmke pkrk as jkepas ne frk`ja n suks en`tns hdzne? –^ku, nu qunra skfnr
k rnspastk hnssk pnrlu`tk―. Rar nxnepca, `assk ekck hdrntk ja`täe irksns
jaea, –(jkepa ne frk`ja) ä k jkrkjtnråstdjk ekds departk`tn jaepkrtdcmkhk
par tahas as neprnn`hnharns qun ikzne suks neprnsks jrnsjnrne k $;22
edcmþns par k`a n kcäe―. K ekck hdrntk tne huks pëld`ks hn tnksnrs jaea
nssn. [uk`ha jaenìkeas k hdstrdfudr nssk ekck hdrntk, k tkxk hn pkrtdjdpkìêa
hn `assks pkcnstrks a`cd`n kuen`tau ne 62%.

Ja`jcusêa
^ek nstrktäldk d`iarektdvk has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas kouhau vërdks neprnsks
kjaeprkharns
pn`ntrkr hdvnrsks vnzns as
has encmarns jcdn`tns
fkdrras. depn`ntrëvnds
K ekdar irkqunzk au
qunktrkdr
`ata as encmarns
quk`ha vnoa
ks neprnsks utdcdzkrne nssk nstrktäldk ä qun au sêa eudta d`ja`sdstn`tns au
hnsdstne eudta ikjdcen`tn. Cnefrn-sn hn qun ja`qudstkr as encmarns
jaeprkharns ä ue prajnssa ‚ `êa ue nvn`ta dsackha. Ä uek jkepk`mk pkrk
nstkr sneprn prnsn`tn n ne ja`tkta. Dssa pahn `êa taekr a culkr ha qun vajï
ë nstë ikzn`ha klark, eks vajï hnvnrdk ka en`as tnr ue nsiarìa khdjda`kc
qun snok eudta fne pacdjdkha ne tahk suk arlk`dzkìêa. N`têa, n`quk`ta vajï
 nstdvnr rnkcdzk`ha tahks ks autrks tkrniks, jnrtdidqun sn hn qun vajï nstë
rnkcdzk`ha ue nsiarìa ja`stk`tn n ja`sdstn`tn pkrk ja`qudstkr nssns encmarns
jaeprkharns. N, uek vnz qun nstdvnrne ne snu haeå`da, jnrtdidqun-sn hn
trktë-cas hn iarek nspnjdkc. Rkrk ja`strudr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks ,
vajï prnjdsk hnhdjkr uek prnjdsêa rafútdjk pkrk jkpturkr kquncns jcdn`tns

patn`jdkds kcenokhas.
 

Mkfdcdhkhns hn Yn`hks
[uk`ta Ekds Yajï Zn Kpraiu`hkr, Ekds Yn`hnrë

K ekdardk hks neprnsks hndxk uek pkrtn eudta ekdar ha prajnssa hn vn`hks
ha qun hnvnrdke k enrjï hn vn`hnharns. @a n`tk`ta, pkrk jrdkr k Eëqud`k
Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , vajï prnjdsk trkfkcmkr jaea uek nqudpn, utdcdzk`ha k
jkpkjdhkhn en`tkc hn tahas pkrk nxnrjdtkr, kpnrindìakr n jrdkr prajnssas pkrk
jkhk kspnjta ha prajnssa hn vn`hks. @nstn jkpåtuca, `ús ou`tkeas a
trnd`ken`ta hn wargsmap jae a prajnssa hn vn`hks pnrindta pkrk qukcqunr
neprnsk qun qundrk eksskjrkr k ja`jarrï`jdk n vdrkr a rnd hk sncvk. As
vn`hnharns supnrnstrncks encmarkrêa tuha qun vajï hnr k ncns. Eks, ka en`as
sn as pkhrþns iarne nstkfncnjdhas, vajï skfnrë a qun nspnrkr jaea a eå`dea
hn pnriarek`jn hn jkhk pnssak ne suk nqudpn. Zne nssn tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta,
k d`tnrkìêa jae a jaeprkhar pahnrë sairnr uek vkrdkìêa n`aren hnpn`hn`ha
ha muear, mkfdcdhkhns, ktdtuhn n trnd`ken`ta hnssn vn`hnhar. Zn vajï
puhnssn snr uek kfncmd`mk hn`tra hk skck hurk`tn as tncnia`neks hn vn`hks
hn snus vn`hnharns, tkcvnz vajï idjkrdk marrardzkha ka auvdr kclueks hks
jadsks qun hdzne.
K d`djdktdvk hn vn`hks ä uek jdï`jdk qun oë iad nstuhkhk n fne hnid`dhk.
Nssn jkpåtuca cmn hkrë hdrntrdzns fësdjks pkrk jrdkr ktdvdhkhns hn vn`hks qun
iu`jda`ne. Xn`ha ajupkha k pasdìêa hn iu`jda`ërda ekds prahutdva hn tahas
as neprnlas hn vn`hks qun oë tdvn ne ed`mk vdhk, en hnhdqund k n`tn`hnr k
jdï`jdk par trës hks vn`hks. Nssk `êa ä uek tnardk kfstrktk. Ä a rnsuctkha hn
ed`mk nxpnrdï`jdk kpraiu`hkhk `a jkepa hn fktkcmk n `k cd`mk hn irn`tn ha
jkpdtkcdsea, prdendra jaea a encmar iu`jda`ërda n hnpads jae tahks ks
nqudpns hn vn`hks jae ks qukds oë trkfkcmnd. Zn vajï `êa n`tn`hnr k d`djdktdvk
hn vn`hks n `êa k hnid`du, vajï `êa pahnrë encmarë-ck.
 Nssn jkpåtuca hntkcmk as sntn pkssas qun taha vn`hnhar hnvnrdk snludr pkrk

d`icun`jdkr
`areks uek hnjdsêa hnkprn`hdhas
n prajnhden`tas jaeprk. K kqud
jmkvnn pkrk qukcqunr
snlud-cks neprnsk ä jrdkr
ja`stk`tnen`tn ks
ou`ta
jae k suk nqudpn hn vn`hks. Jaea oë en`jda`nd, hau tnstns surprnsk,

lkrk`td`ha qun ed`mk nqudpn hn vn`hks snok jkpkz hn hnid`dr jkhk jn`tåentra
ha prajnssa hn vn`hks. Xahas as rnprnsn`tk`tns n lnrn`tns hn vn`hk hnvnrdke
snr jkpkzns hn rnspa`hnr k pnrlu`tks nspnjåidjks jaea? –[ukds sêa as jd`ja
pkssas pkrk ja`strudr
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc1― uek sêa
n –[ukds rnckìêa hnpnrlu`tks
ks snds ja`idk`ìkk snrne
ekds praiu`hk jaejcdn`tn
indtks k jkhk jkhk
patn`jdkc n ks rkzþns pncks qukds ks pnrlu`tkeas1―
Nssn jkpåtuca hntkcmk as sntn pkssas hn vn`hks qun turfd`krêa snus cujras
d`hnpn`hn`tn hn qune vajï iar? ^e hn`tdstk qun prnjdsk pnrsukhdr ks pnssaks
k lkstkr $6 edc ne uek `avk pa`tn, ue kln`tn hn jaeprks qun prnjdsk
pnrsukhdr snu iar`njnhar k hkr-cmn ue prnìa encmar, ue rnprnsn`tk`tn hn
ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar qun prnjdsk kjkcekr ue jcdn`tn iurdasa au ue
vn`hnhar `a jkepa hn fktkcmk au `a tncnia`n qun prnjdsk qun kquncn jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc jaeprn snu prahuta au snrvdìa.

@åvnds hn Kprn`hdzkha
Zn vajï kcluek vnz oë inz pkrtn hn uek nqudpn kctken`tn trnd`khk, vajï
ja`mnjn fne a sn`tden`ta hn ja`idk`ìk qun vne jae nssn jkrla. A snlrnha
pkrk sn ja`strudr uek nxjncn`tn iarìk hn vn`hks (au ue tden hn qukcqunr
tdpa) ä rnpntdr a trnd`ken`ta iu`hken`tkc safrn ks mkfdcdhkhns fësdjks hn
vn`hks rnpntdhken`tn.
A pkssas
sntn `åvnc ekds
pkrkfkdxa
jkhk hn kprn`hdzkha
vn`hk, eks dssaä `êa
k eneardzkìêa.
sdl`didjk qunÄ vajï
iëjdc ja`snludrë
hnjarkr as
kpcdjë-cas. @a n`tk`ta, oë ä ue nxjncn`tn pa`ta hn pkrtdhk. A `åvnc ekds kcta
hn kprn`hdzkha ä ja`mnjdha jaea –så`tnsn― au –jaepntï`jdk sufja`sjdn`tn―.
Dssa sdl`didjk qun vajï kprn`hnu a ektnrdkc têa fne qun ja`snlun sd`tntdzë-ca
ne snu prúprda nstdca n eätaha hn rnkcdzkr ks jadsks. K så`tnsn rnqunr eudtk
rnpntdìêa n prëtdjk.
Rkrk kcjk`ìkr k så`tnsn ne suk nqudpn hn vn`hks, jaenjn par ikznr jae
 qun eneardzne as sntn pkssas, ne snludhk nstkfncnìk as prajnhden`tas n
kpnrindìan jkhk ërnk hn mkfdcdhkhn ktä qun snus iu`jda`ërdas tar`ne-sn
enstrns `ncks.

Rkssa hn Yn`hks ;? Ja`struk uek Vnckìêa hn Ja`idk`ìk

[uk`ha nu hdrdld uek rnvdstk pkrk a Jmkrdcn Eu`lnr, k cnvkeas hn `ÿenra
;> `a enrjkha ka `ÿenra ue ne ue ÿ`dja k`a. A ekdar pckynr `a enrjkha
nrk quktra vnzns ekdar qun `ús. [uk`ha vdu a `assa sujnssa ne `assa `djma
hn enrjkha, k neprnsk ck`ìau uek rnvdstk pkrk jaepntdr hdrntken`tn jae k
`assk.
[uk`ha nssk rnvdstk iad ck`ìkhk, k nhdtark inz ainrtks kas enus jcdn`tns qun
skfdke qun nu `u`jk ja`snludrdk tnr dlukc ‚ ainrtks jaea –Jaeprn huks
pëld`ks hn k`ÿ`jdas n rnjnfk huks pëld`ks lrëtds―. Oë qun enus jcdn`tns
ja`idkvke ne ede jaepcntken`tn, eudtas hncns ktä en pnrlu`tkvke a qun
nu kjmkvk hnssk `avk pufcdjkìêa. Zn nu tdvnssn denhdktken`tn ktkjkha k `avk
rnvdstk, nu tnrdk pnrhdha ed`mk jrnhdfdcdhkhn. Ne vnz hdssa, nu jksukcen`tn
hdzdk? –Zkfn ha qun ekds1 Ed`mk idcasaidk ä nssk? prdendra hndxn-as
tar`krne-sn fne sujnhdhas n uek vnz qun pravne qun sêa fa`s, d`vdstk snu
hd`mndra cë. Eks nu `êa hndxkrdk qun ncns ja`struåssne nssn sujnssa
nxpnrden`tk`ha jae enu hd`mndra―.
K rnvdstk tn`tau safrnvdvnr hurk`tn snds ensns, d`jkpkz hn ja`qudstkr
eudtas k`u`jdk`tns. N quk`ha nu vdk ue k`u`jdk`tn `k rnvdstk, pnlkvk ue
kvdêa n dk ktä kquncn jcdn`tn pkrk kceaìkr jae ncn. Hurk`tn a kceaìa,
kjkfëvkeas ikck`ha safrn a ja`jarrn`tn n n`têa nu ikzdk enu pnqun`a
hdsjursa. Kqud nstë k jmkvn? Xahas enus jcdn`tns sêa tkefäe enus kedlas.
K`u`jdkr ne uek rnvdstk qun nrk uek ja`jarrn`tn hdrntk nrk quksn uek
vdackìêa â `assk kedzkhn ‚ nspnjdkcen`tn sn enus jcdn`tns hdsjutdke dssa
jaedla (n nu en jnrtdidjkvk qun ncns a idznssne) n `ús (a jcdn`tn n nu)
eutuken`tn hnjdhåkeas nspnrkr pkrk vnr sn k rnvdstk sn tar`krdk fne-
sujnhdhk. Jae tahas nspnrk`ha, `d`luäe k`u`jdkvk `k rnvdstk n nck injmau
suks partks ne snds ensns. Rkrk sneprn.
Zn vajï ä kedla has snus jcdn`tns, ä eudta hdiåjdc qun qukcqunr autra
vn`hnhar tdrn-as hn vajï. Dssa prnjdsk ikznr pkrtn hn snu prajnssa hn vn`hks.
K ekdardk hks neprnsks hndxk dssa â enrjï has vn`hnharns d`hdvdhukcen`tn.
 Ne ed`mks neprnsks, `ús jrdëvkeas apartu`dhkhns ‚ inssks, nvn`tas,
pkssndas
hn `assashnjcdn`tns.
fkrja, tuha
Dssa atkcvnz
qun vajï puhnrprëtdja
`êa snok dekld`kr
pkrk‚ tahks
pkrk tar`kr-`as kedlas
ks neprnsks, eks
quk`ta ekds sn`tden`ta hn jaeu`dhkhn n kedzkhn vajï ja`strudr jae snus

jcdn`tns, ekdar a ja`tracn qun vajï tnrë ha snu enrjkha.

Rrktdjken`tn taha jcdn`tn qun nu tdvn tar`au-sn ue kedla. K ekdardk oë
k`tau ne ed`mk jksk au nu `k hncns. Kclu`s ktä oë sn maspnhkrke ne ed`mk
jksk, pkssnkrke
ekhrulkhk. Nssnsne enuhnfkrja
ckìas au ja`vnrskrke
kedzkhn jaedlaqunfrkhas.
`êa sêa ikjdcen`tn ktä kctks marks hk
@a enu
jksa, tn`ma qun hdznr qun, hn qukcqunr iarek, nssk ä pkrtn hk ed`mk `kturnzk.
Nu prnidra snr ue kedla ‚ n sau ue kedla hnvata ‚ n`têa nu d`vdsta `nssns
rnckjda`ken`tas n prajura ajksdþns pkrk ja`njtkr-en. Eks `ne taha
vn`hnhar tne nssn tdpa hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn, partk`ta jrdn prajnhden`tas au
apartu`dhkhns pkrk ja`strudr rnckjda`ken`tas n hdvnrtdr-sn jae a jcdn`tn.
Rn`sn safrn a rnckjda`ken`ta jae snus jcdn`tns prnhdcntas klark. Zn vajï
trkfkcmk ne F6F, rnspa`hk nssks pnrlu`tks? [uk`tas idcmas ncns tïe1 [ukds
sêa snus `aens n dhkhns1 Yajï oë vdsdtau suk jksk au vdjn-vnrsk1 [ukds sêa
snus maffdns1 Yajï skfn a qun as tar`krdk ekds fne-sujnhdhas1 Yajï skfn
qukds sêa snus afontdvas `k vdhk1 Hn a`hn sêa1 [ukc k suk mdstúrdk1 Dssa ä
uek rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk vnrhkhndrk. Zn vajï vn`hn F6J, vajï prnjdsk skfnr
qukds sêa ks pnqun`ks apartu`dhkhns hn ja`strudr ja`idk`ìk qun pahne snr
jrdkhks‚nspnjdkcen`tn sn sêa snus encmarns jaeprkharns.
^e rnstkurk`tn, uek cdvrkrdk, ue supnrenrjkha, uek japdkhark? @êa
departk ne qun tdpa hn `nlújda vajï trkfkcmk, vajï prnjdsk ikznr hk
–ja`struìêa hn rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk― uek pkrtn d`tnlrk`tn ha prajnssa. Jkhk
pnssak qun trkfkcmk pkrk vajï prnjdsk trnd`kr dssa. Ikìk ue nxnrjåjda hn
hrkektdzkìêa pkrk dssa n iaqun-sn ja`stk`tnen`tn ne ja`strudr rnckìþns hn
ja`idk`ìk hn iarek qun ncns skdfke qun pkrtn ha trkfkcma ä ja`qudstkr ks
pnssaks n jrdkr vå`jucas a`hn iar passåvnc. [uk`ha vajï ja`mnjn kcluäe,
prnjdsk acmkr k pnssak `as acmas n snr eudta sdepëtdja. Rnrlu`tn jaea nstêa.
Zn vajï vn`hn k vkrnoa, pnrlu`tn sn oë nstdvnrke ne suk caok k`tns. Ynok sú a
Maen Hnpat. Yajï pahn pnrlu`tkr k qukcqunr iu`jda`ërda a`hn n`ja`trkr
kcla n ne vnz hn hdznr? –Jarrnhar >―, ncns a cnvkrêa hdrntken`tn ka dtne qun
vajï prnjdsk ‚ ensea qun ncn au nck tn`mke qun ktrkvnsskr k caok d`tndrk.
Lkrìa`s, rnjnpjda`dstks, a pnssakc hn ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar n sde,
 nspnjdkcen`tn as vn`hnharns prnjdske tahas n`tn`hnr qun ja`strudr k
ja`struìêa hn rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk ä ue rnqunrden`ta pkhrêa ha trkfkcma.
Yajï vnrë qun injmkrë uek parjn`tklne eudta ekds kctk hn vn`hks sn tdvnr
uek súcdhk rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk jae snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. Hn kjarha jae
k N`jkrtk \arch N`lcdsm Hdjda`kry,
Hdjda`kry, rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk sdl`didjk 
sdl`didjk  –ue

vå`juca neatdva au ue rnckjda`ken`ta kedlëvnc n`trn pnssaks fksnkha ne

uek nepktdk n ja`idk`ìk eÿtuks n ue sn`sa hn qun n`tn`hne n
jaepkrtdcmke hks prnajupkìþns uek hks autrks―. N`têa, jaea vajï kcjk`ìk
nssk nepktdk
Ykeas parn ja`idk`ìk eÿtuks
pkrtns. ^ek jadskn jaepkrtdcmken`ta hn prnajupkìþns1
qun vajï pahn ikznr pkrk nstkfncnjnr k
ja`idk`ìk ä ikznr jae qun snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds sd`tke qun nstêa
trkfkcmk`ha jae ue nspnjdkcdstk. Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca [uktra,
vn`hnr qunfrk k ja`idk`ìk (`d`luäe qunr sn sn`tdr jaea sn nstdvnssne sn`ha
ja`vn`jdhas k jaeprkr kcla), ka pkssa qun k d`iarekìêa k ja`strúd. Ä par
dssa qun en jnrtdidja qun jkhk neprnsk jae k qukc trkfkcma jrdn ue
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc jmnda hn hkhas vkcdasas pkrk snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds.
Jaea nu oë hdssn, ensea sn snus vn`hnharns `u`jk tdvnrne k apartu`dhkhn
hn kprnsn`tkr ks d`iarekìþns jaea ue taha jansdva, ja`mnjn`ha-ks n
ainrnjn`ha-ks ne eaen`tas kpraprdkhas pahn ncnvkr snu stktus kas acmas ha
jaeprkhar.
N`têa uek hks encmarns ek`ndrks hn nstkfncnjnr ja`idk`ìk ä qun suk
nqudpn hn vn`hks snok ekds d`iarekhk qun qukcqunr autrk nqudpn hn vn`hks
ha sntar. [uk`ha a vn`hnhar ä kctken`tn d`iarekha, dssa sn trkhuz ne
–d`icuï`jdk―. Kqud nstë ue nxnepca sdepcns? Nu nstkvk prajurk`ha par ue
fae cdvra pkrk cnr pkrk uek vdklne qun nu dk ikznr. A vn`hnhar `k cdvrkrdk
nrk nxtrneken`tn fne d`iarekha n cntrkha. Jaeprnd trïs cdvras, tahas
fksnkhas ne suks rnjaen`hkìþns. Ne uek nsjkck eudta ekdar, sn vajï
hnsn`vacvnr ue krluen`ta prd`jdpkc n jrdkr uek snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa pkrk
ainrnjnr k snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds ue –d`iarektdva pkrk kouhkr as ha`as hn
`nlújdas hk jaeu`dhkhn k snrne fne sujnhdhas―, vajï nstkrë ikzn`ha eudta
kcäe ha qun suk rnspa`skfdcdhkhn n snrë a jkepnêa ha enrjkha.
Iar`njnr d`iarekìþns qun kouhke snu jcdn`tn sujnhnr a kouhkrë k ja`strudr
ja`idk`ìk n rnspndta. Znus jcdn`tns nintdvas n patn`jdkds idjkrêa incdzns ka
rnjnfnrne suk cdlkìêa. Au kd`hk encmar, ncns jaenìkrêa k cdlkr pkrk vajï
pkrk aftnr snu d`put ne hnjdsþns qun nstêa ikzn`ha pkrk suks neprnsks. Kqud
nstêa kclueks autrks ek`ndrks pkrk kouhkr k nstkfncnjnr uek rnckìêa hn
 ja`idk`ìk?

 Ikìk faks pnrlu`tks. 

pnrlu`tks.  Nstkfncnìk pnrlu`tks hn ja`struìêa hn
rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk pkrk qun suk nqudpn hn vn`hks pnrlu`tn k
jkhk jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. N`sd`n snus vn`hnharns k uskrne nssks

pnrlu`tks pkrk ikznrne uek ja`nxêa n n`ja`trkr d`tnrnssns ne

jaeue. Kcäe hdssa, tar`n-a –pnssakc―. N`trn `a eu`ha hkqunck
pnssak a ekds rëpdha passåvnc. Yajï pahn jaenìkr jae pnrlu`tks
qun pkrnjne
pnssakds? Rar snr safrn
quk`ta `nlújdas,
tnepa eks indta
vajï tne sêa `k vnrhkhn
dssa1 pnrlu`tksn
Km ä ensea,
vajï lastk hdssa1 Jaea vajï n`trau `nstk ërnk1 A qun vajï ikzdk
k`tns hdsta1 Nssn tdpa hn pnrlu`tk a kouhkrë k jrdkr ue vå`juca
ekds praiu`ha. Cnefrn-sn, a kssu`ta prnhdcnta hn ja`vnrsk hn
tahas sêa ncks enseks. Yajï pahn kpraiu`hkr-sn kd`hk ekds1
Rnrlu`tn dssa? A qun vajï ikz pkrk sn hdvnrtdr1 A qun vajï ikz pkrk
snr jrdktdva1 [ukds sêa snus maffdns1 Ä jckra qun vajï prnjdsk
hnsn`vacvnr ekds kclueks pnrlu`tks jaea nssks.
Ne sdtukìþns jae ja`suedharns tkds jaea ne rnstkurk`tns au
ne ue kefdn`tn hn vkrnoa, vajï pahn pnrlu`tkr? –Yajï oë ja`mnjn
`assk caok/rnstkurk`tn/neprnsk1― Dssa cmn hkrë k apartu`dhkhn pkrk
ikznr uek tn`tktdvk hn vn`hk nstrktäldjk jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a
Jkpåtuca [uktra, eks pahn tkefäe cnvkr k pnrlu`tks ekds pnssakds
jaea? –Yajï ä hkqud1― Nssks pnrlu`tks sêa d`ain`sdvks, eks
pahne ja`njtë-ca â pnssak hn uek ek`ndrk qun vkd kcäe hn kpn`ks
ikznr k vn`hk.

Xn`mk ue sn`sa hn muear. Hdvdrtk-sn

muear. Hdvdrtk-sn jae a jcdn`tn. Enu jarrntar
hn kìþns sneprn en cdlk jae k –pdkhk hk snek`k― n ncks sêa hn
ikta n`lrkìkhks. Klark k D`tnr`nt ikjdcdtk a n`jked`mken`ta hn
uek pdkhk n`lrkìkhk, eks `êa snok uek hkquncks pnssaks qun
n`vdk qukcqunr pdkhd`mk. Enus jcdn`tns skfne qun sn cmns n`vda
kcla, snrë eudta n`lrkìkha. Rartk`ta, enus n-ekdcs sêa kfnrtas n
rnspa`hdhas. [uk`ha nu vn`hdk k`ÿ`jdas, nu ikzdk ue nsiarìa
hnsjaeu`kc vksjucmk`ha jn`tn`ks hn pdkhks pkrk n`ja`trkr kcluek
qun iassn d`jrdvncen`tn fak. Nu sn`tkvk ne ed`mk ensk n nsjrnvdk
k pu`ma hn :2 k >2 `atks pnrsa`kcdzkhks pkrk >2 lrk`hns jcdn`tns n
 n`vdkvk k pdkhk jae k `atk. Jkhk jcdn`tn pravkvncen`tn pn`skvk
qun ncn au nck nrke as ÿ`djas qun ks rnjnfdke parqun vd`mk
kjaepk`mkha hn uek `atk nsjrdtk â eêa. @avken`tn, `êa ikìk dssa
eudtks vnzns7 ä kpn`ks autrk apartu`dhkhn pkrk ja`strudr uek
rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk.

Jaedsnrn. K edsärdk kek k jaepk`mdk. Zn a jcdn`tn qunr rnjckekr

Jaedsnrn. K
safrn qukcqunr jadsk, hnshn `nlújda â vdhk pnssakc, auìk n kpadn-a.
Yajï nsjkckrë a prajnssa hn ja`struìêa hn ja`idk`ìk.

Znok nepëtdja n prnajupn-sn jae ncns. 

ncns.  Hnea`strn ekds d`tnrnssn
`ncns ha qun qukcqunr autrk pnssak oë hnea`strau. Kqud nstë ue
hdtkha papuckr? –Zn vajï qudsnr snr d`tnrnssk`tn, snok d`tnrnsskha.
Zn vajï qudsnr snr iksjd`k`tn, snok iksjd`kha―.

 N`ja`trn as d`tnrnssns ne jaeue.

jaeue . Jrdnd ue ckìa hn kedzkhn eudta
iartn jae ue hn enus jcdn`tns quk`ha hnsjafrdeas qun
lastëvkeas hk ensek fk`hk. Hn ikta, `ús jrnsjneas auvd`ha as
enseas hdsjas. Iad jaea uek jmkvn eëldjk pkrk kfrdr ue vå`juca
qun jaepkrtdcmkeas
Rrajurn ktäksmaon.
par jadsks jae qukdsN`ja`trn as snd`tnrnssns
vajï passk ne jaeue.
dhn`tdidjkr.

 Nspncmn-sn.  Zn vajï nspncmkr snu jaepartken`ta â cd`luklne

 Nspncmn-sn. 
jarparkc n a tae hn vaz hn snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, ncns jrdkrêa uek
ja`nxêa sufja`sjdn`tn hn qun vajïs sêa pkrnjdhas. Rar nxnepca,
sn a jcdn`tn d`jcd`k-sn pkrk irn`tn, sn d`jcd`k pkrk k irn`tn. Zn a
jcdn`tn d`jcd`k suk jkfnìk cnvnen`tn, vajï pahn d`jcd`kr k suk hk
ensek ek`ndrk.

 Nxnrjåjda
Arlk`dzn ue wargsmap hn mkfdcdhkhns hn ja`struìêa hn rnckìþns hn
ja`idk`ìk jae snus vn`hnharns. Rnrlu`tn k jkhk pnssak pkrk
sulnrdr trïs ek`ndrks hn nstkfncnjnr `åvnds ekds praiu`has hn
ja`idk`ìk jae snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds n nintdvas. Ä jckra qun vajï
rnjnfnrë kclueks rnspastks úfvdks, jaea? –Ikìk faks pnrlu`tks― n
 –D`tnrnssn-sn `ncns―. Eks, `k ekdardk hks neprnsks, nssk snrë k
prdendrk vnz qun mkvnrë ue nxnrjåjda pkrk nstkfncnjnr uek fak
rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk, n nssn ä a prdendra pkssa ha prajnhden`ta
pkhrêa k snr indta ne tahks ks d`tnrkìþns hn vn`hks. Yajï tkefäe
`atkrë qun snus encmarns vn`hnharns ikrêa jadsks qun `d`luäe

ekds ikrë. Ikrêa pnrlu`tks encmarns n ekds kpraiu`hkhks. Ncns

nspnjdidjken`tn prajurkrêa par jadsks qun tne ne jaeue jae
jkhk jcdn`tn patn`jdkc.
[uk`ha rnckìþns
nstkfncnjnr vajï hnid`dr jd`ja ikìk
hn ja`idk`ìk, au ue
sndswargsmap
fa`s eätahas
ne jkhkpkrk
ue
hncns n trk`siaren-as ne prajnhden`tas pkrk qun jkhk vn`hnhar
passk rnkcdzë-cas ne jkhk d`tnrkìêa.
Vnvdsn nssn ektnrdkc rnluckren`tn, tnstk`ha snus vn`hnharns?
Rar quk`ta tnepa ncn (a jcdn`tn) trkfkcmk cë1 [uk`ha idcmas tne1
Kclueks neprnsks lukrhke tahks nssks d`iarekìþns ne ue fk`ja
hn hkhas hn jcdn`tns, n`têa ktä ue iu`jda`ërda `ava pahnrë aftnr
taha tdpa hn d`sdlmt safrn a jcdn`tn. Autrks neprnsks tïe
jaepntdìþns pkrk vnr qune ja`snlun kprn`hnr ekds safrn as
jcdn`tns.
K qunstêa ä qun k rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk pahn tar`kr vajï â
pravk hn fkcks, kuen`tkr ks d`hdjkìþns, hkr ue nepurrêa ne snus
cujras n kouhë-ca k tar`kr-sn ekds n ekds rnqudsdtkha pncas snus
jcdn`tns. Xrkfkcmn `dsta rnluckren`tn.

Rkssa hn Yn`hks 6? [ukcdidqun a Jaeprkhar (N`ja`trn k

@njnssdhkhn)
[ukcdidjkr ue jaeprkhar sdl`didjk hnsjafrdr a qun ncn nstë prajurk`ha ne
snu prahuta au snrvdìa n qun iktarns a d`icun`jdkrêa k jaeprkr. @nstn pkssa,
vajï prnjdsk kprn`hnr tuha a qun puhnr safrn as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk oë
nxdstn`tns. Eks k jmkvn pkrk hnsn`vacvnr suk Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks
ä rnhnid`dr nssns jrdtärdas hn jaeprk hn iarek qun snu prahuta au snrvdìa sn
tar`n k apìêa ekds cúldjk. Rkrk rnhnid`dr as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk ne ikvar hn
snu prahuta au snrvdìa, vajï prnjdsk jaenìkr par lk`mkr uek jaeprnn`sêa
 jaepcntk has jrdtärdas hn jaeprk oë nxdstn`tns. Hnsn`vacvk hn snds k ;2
pnrlu`tks qun vajï lastkrdk hn skfnr safrn jkhk jcdn`tn patn`jdkc. Xnstn snus
vn`hnharns jae nssks pnrlu`tks ktä qun jkhk ue hncns ks tn`mk `k pa`tk hk
cå`luk.
[uk`ha nu vn`hdk k`ÿ`jdas, par nxnepca, nrk afrdlktúrda ikznr ks

snlud`tns pnrlu`tk?

;. Jaea as snus jcdn`tns ja`mnjnrke vajï1

6.
:. [ukc äak ek`ndrk ekds nidjkz
vkcar eähda pkrkvn`hks1
hn suks vajï ja`qudstkr `avas
(Dssa `as jcdn`tns1
jkpkjdtk pkrk
 oustdidjkr as justas. Rar nxnepca, sn snu prahuta justk $822 n a
k`ÿ`jda justk $8 edc, ncns sú prnjdskrêa hn ;2 vn`hks pkrk oustdidjkr
a justa ha k`ÿ`jda).
8. [ukds sêa as trïs ekdarns prafcneks qun vajï nstë tn`ha
tn`ha ne (suk
ërnk au `nlújda)1 (Hnsjufrk snus pa`tas prafcneëtdjas n kouhn-as k
sacujda`ë-cas).
>. Yajï trkfkcmk `dsta ikz quk`ha tnepa1
9. A qun a cnvau k jaenìkr k trkfkcmkr kqud1
<. [ukds
=. [ukds sêa
sêa snus afontdvas
as snus pkrk
afontdvas
afontdvas k neprnsk1
pnssakds1
4. [ukds sêa snus jrdtärdas hn jaeprk pkrk ue prahuta au snrvdìa
jaea a snu1

K ÿctdek pnrlu`tk ä fkstk`tn hdrntk, partk`ta vajï prnjdsk n`ja`trkr uek

ek`ndrk hn pnrlu`të-ck qun snok sutdc n qun sn n`jkdxn ne suk ja`vnrsk. Rar
nxnepca, quk`ha sn trktkvk hn k`ÿ`jdas `ús pnrlu`tëvkeas? –[ukds sêa as
iktarns qun d`icun`jdke suk nsjacmk hn uskr ue vnåjuca hn eåhdk ne vnz hn
autra1― Kcäe hdssa, quk`ha vajï n`tn`hn as afontdvas pnssakds n hn `nlújdas
n ks `njnssdhkhns has jcdn`tns patn`jdkds, vajï snrë jkpkz hn eastrkr-cmns
jaea snu prahuta au snrvdìa pahn kouhë-cas k ktd`ldr suks entks n ktn`hnr
nssks `njnssdhkhns. @assk nqudpn hn vn`hks iad trnd`khk jae nssks pnrlu`tks,
tnstkhk jae tnstns surprnsk n kpnrindìakhk jae nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa
pkrk lkrk`tdr qun n`tn`hdke a qun prnjdskvke fusjkr hurk`tn ks d`tnrkìþns.
Rn`sn safrn jkhk pnrlu`tk qun snu vn`hnhar hnvnrdk ikznr hn iarek k
jaeprnn`hnr hntkcmkhken`tn ks `njnssdhkhns ha jcdn`tn. Rar nxnepca, ne
tahas enus k`as jaeprk`ha tnr`as, `u`jk `n`mue vn`hnhar en pnrlu`tau
 jae qun nu trkfkcmkvk au qun tdpa hn raupk nu td`mk ne enu kreërda. Zn a
vn`hnhar saufnssn ks rnspastks pkrk nssks pnrlu`tks, dssa `êa a kouhkrdk k
nstkfncnjnr uek rnckìêa hn ja`idk`ìk ekds praiu`hk n n`trkr ne enu eu`ha
n`quk`ta en kouhkvk k jaeprkr ekds tnr`as1 Xrkfkcmnd jae uek caok
vkrnodstk eksjucd`k hn uek lrk`hn jkhndk `k tn`tktdvk hn tar`ë-cas ekds

nidjdn`tns `nssn kspnjta. Ktä jrdnd ue pralrkek jmkekha –Ynstdha pkrk a

sujnssa―, a`hn as vn`hnharns td`mke `k caok ue idjmërda pkrk eastrkr ks
pnssaks jaea vnstdr-sn pkrk a sujnssa. As vn`hnharns nrke ktä nxdldhas k
ainrnjnr
kreërda hauek –k`ëcdsn
jcdn`tn hn vnstuërda―,
pkrk kouhkr kpraiu`hk`ha-sn
k jaepcntë-ca `aqun
n jnrtdidjkr-sn hn ja`tnÿha ha
a mauvnssn
ue trkon kpraprdkha pkrk jkhk ajksdêa.
K ekdardk hks neprnsks sdepcnsen`tn `êa vkd têa k iu`ha par d`djdktdvk
prúprdk. Eks sn vajï nstuhkr as iu`jda`ërdas ekds prahutdvas, n`ja`trkrë
vkrdkìþns ne tahks nssks täj`djks hn hnsn`vacvden`ta hn ja`idk`ìk. Zuk
tkrnik ä depcnen`tkr sdstneks, prajnhden`tas n trnd`ken`tas qun jrdne uek
eëqud`k a`hn jkhk vn`hnhar sn kpraiu`hn ne snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds. @ks
pkckvrks hn Oky Kfrkmke? –Zn vajï rnkcen`tn kjrnhdtk qun a qun tne k
ainrnjnr ä ÿtdc n vkcdasa kas snus jcdn`tns, n`têa vajï tne uek afrdlkìêa
earkc hn tn`tkr ktn`hï-cas hn tahks ks ek`ndrks passåvnds―. Nu kjrnhdta n
prktdja dssa. N quk`ha trkfkcma jae ks neprnsks, en nsiarìa eudta pkrk
jnrtdidjkr-en hn qun ncks ikzne a ensea jae snus jcdn`tns ne tahas as
kspnjtas.
A encmar eätaha hn vn`hnr qun nu oë vd ä quk`ha vajï pahn ludkr snus
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds par enda hn uek särdn hn pnrlu`tks n ncns vn`hnrêa a
prahuta au snrvdìa k sd enseas.
Rar nxnepca, sn kcluäe cdlk ne rnspastk ka `assa jaenrjdkc hn rëhda, `ús
tnrneas uek ja`vnrskìêa pkrnjdhk jae nstk?

VNRVNZN@XK@XN? [un kspnjta ha `assa spat eatdvau vajï k cdlkr

pkrk `ús1
NCNZ? Lastnd hk dhndk safrn ja`qudstkr tahas enus jcdn`tns kcenokhas.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN? A qun ä ue jcdn`tn kcenokha pkrk vajï1
NCNZ? Rar Hnus, k Edjrasait snrdk ue jcdn`tn kcenokha.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN? A qun ue jcdn`tn jaea nssn sdl`didjkrdk pkrk suk
neprnsk1
NCNZ? Edcmþns1
 VNRVNZN@XK@XN?  N quk`tas jcdn`tns jaea nssn vajï lastkrdk hn
tnr1
NCNZ? Jne snrdk ue fae `ÿenra.
VNRVNZN@XK@XN? N`têa, sn `assa pralrkek iu`jda`kssn pkrk vajï,
ncn vkcnrdk $;22 edcmþns1

NCNZ? Fne, sn iu`jda`kssn, sde ‚ vkcnrdk dssa.

VNRVNZN@XK@XN?  Yajï nstkrdk hdspasta k d`vnstdr $;44 pkrk
hnsjafrdr sn iu`jda`krdk, nspnjdkcen`tn sn vajï kpn`ks pklkssn kpús
vï-ca n kpn`ks sn kjmkssn
VNRVNZN@XK@XN? qun iu`jda`au1
 @êa tn`ma jnrtnzk. Dssa cmn pkrnjn ousta1

Ä jckra qun vajï prnjdsk tnr ue –injmken`ta―, eks pkrk ikznr dssa ue pauja
ekds rëpdha, kqud nstë uek särdn hn pnrlu`tks jrdkhks hn iarek qun as
vn`hnharns injmne k vn`hk par sd enseas?

[uk`ta nstë cmn justk`ha `êa tnr nssns jcdn`tns kcenokhas1 Yajï ä
a tdpa hn pnssak qun lastk hn kprn`hnr jadsks `avks sn ncks cmn
cnvkrêa k ue frnkgtmraulm1 Rnredtk-en nxpcdjkr a qun ä ue
frnkgtmraulm. Ä quk`ha vajï
qun kjncnrk rkhdjkcen`tn suk n`ja`trk uehneätaha
mkfdcdhkhn ktd`ldrhnsuks
ikznrentks.
kcla
N`têa en hndxn pnrlu`tkr-cmn `avken`tn, vajï ä a tdpa hn pnssak
qun lastk hn kprn`hnr frnkgtmraulms1
N sn vajï puhnssn kprn`hnr a frnkgtmraulm n sú hnpads hnjdhdr sn
vkcnrdk a d`vnstden`ta1 Dssa cmn pkrnjnrdk ousta1
(Kqud nstë a injmken`ta). Ynokeas kclueks hktks qun vajï
pahnrdk pkrtdjdpkr hn kclue hn `assks pkcnstrks a`cd`n. Yajï tne
ue jkcn`hërda â eêa1

 Nxnrjåjda
Rrdendra, më kcluek ek`ndrk hn ludkr snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc par
enda hn uek särdn hn pnrlu`tks `ks qukds snu prahuta au snrvdìa
tar`kr-sn-dk ekds n ekds vkcdasas k ncns, hk pnrspnjtdvk ha jcdn`tn1
[ukds snrdke nssks pnrlu`tks n a qun vajï pahnrdk ikznr jae nssk
d`iarekìêa pkrk encmar ktd`ldr nssn jcdn`tn patn`jdkc1
 d`iarekìêa pkrk encmar ktd`ldr nssn jcdn`tn patn`jdkc1
Ne snludhk, arlk`dzn ue wargsmap pkrk nstkfncnjnr hn 9 k ;2

pnrlu`tks qun snusn vn`hnharns

pkrk qukcdidjë-cas ikrêasêa
hnsjafrdr qukds kassnus
snusjrdtärdas
jcdn`tnshnpatn`jdkds
jaeprk.
Xrnd`n snus vn`hnharns jae nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa n tnstns

surprnsk. Kssde vajï sn jnrtdidjkrë hn qun nssks pnrlu`tks nstêa têa

n`rkdzkhks `as vn`hnharns qun ncns `u`jk sn nsqunjnrêa hn
pnrlu`të-cks.

Rkssa hn Yn`hks :? Ja`struk Ykcar

Hnpads hn mkvnr k`kcdskha as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk hn snus jcdn`tns, vajï
prnjdsk jaenìkr k ja`strudr vkcar ne tar`a hn snu prahuta au snrvdìa. Yajï
ë ja`strudu rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk. Inz eudtks pnrlu`tks. Klark vajï
pnrlu`tk k ncns? –K prapúsdta, a qun vajï skfn safrn `ús1― Nssk ä k mark `k
qukc vajï ikrë suk tn`tktdvk hn vn`hk hn ue au hads ed`utas qun ja`strudrë a
vkcar n jaeu`djkrë k ncns suk rnputkìêa `a enrjkha.
^ek ek`ndrk kd`hk ekds pahnrask hn ikznr dssa, jaea vajï oë kprn`hnu, ä
kprnsn`tkr snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc/frdnid`l nxnjutdva. Nssk snssêa hn
ardn`tkìêa hnvnrdk snr vactkhk ka jaeprkhar, `êa ka snu prahuta au snrvdìa.
Jaea oë en`jda`nd, trkfkcmnd jae uek praned`n`tn rnhn Jk`khn`sn
vkrnodstk jmkekhk Xmn Zman Jaepk`y. A hdrntar nxnjutdva, Kck` Zdepsa`, ä
ue has encmarns hdrntarns nxnjutdvas jae qune oë trkfkcmnd. Ncns tkefäe
tïe ne snu lrupa k rnhn hn caoks Xaw` Zmans, uek cd`mk hn jkcìkhas ekds
kcta `åvnc. Ncns tïe a encmar trnd`ken`ta d`iarektdva qun oë vd ne uek caok
hn jkcìkhas. Oë hnsjrnvd as hkhas qun ncns td`mke safrn päs, eahk n jkcìkhas,
eks vajï
eastrk qunskfdk qunvajï
quk`ha më kcla
n`trkjmkekha hn –a nindta
ne ue qukrta, tmrnsmach―1
ks pnssaks Nssncë nstuha
qun nstêa ikzne
;; supasdìþns hdinrn`tns safrn vajï (tkc jaea snu `åvnc hn iarekìêa n suk
jckssn nja`øedjk), nstrdtken`tn fksnkhas ne suk kpkrï`jdk. Zuks raupks, n
sde, snus skpktas khdjda`ke au suftrkne hk deprnssêa qun vajï ikz. Zn ue
vn`hnhar hn jkcìkhas pahn eastrkr-cmn tahk nssk d`iarekìêa, vajï kjmk qun
dssa ja`strudrdk vkcar `nssk caok n `nssn vn`hnhar1
Jaea d`trahuzdr
Jaea  d`trahuzdr nssn tdpa hn d`iarekìêa kas snus jcdn`tns ä têa departk`tn
 quk`ta k prúprdk d`iarekìêa. Yajï prnjdsk prä-vn`hnr tuha qun vajï nstë
prnstns k hdznr k ncns. Rkrk uek caok hn vnstuërda, tkcvnz vajï hdlk?

@assk neprnsk rnkcdzau pnsqudsks safrn jaea sn vnstdr pkrk a sujnssa.

Ks pnsqudsks eastrke qun 42% hks pnssaks qun uske tnr`as `êa

skfne safrn ks jaefd`kìþns pnrindtks hn nstdca au safrn ks deprnssþns

qun suks raupks jkuske `as autras. Hndxn-en eastrkr-cmn kclu`s
hnssns hkhas.

As vn`hnharns hn jkcìkhas pahnrdke hdznr?

K ekdardk hks pnssaks pn`sk qun k ek`ndrk jaea a skpkta ä ikfrdjkha

`êa ä departk`tn. Eks vajï skfdk qun më 6: hnjdsþns hdinrn`tns qun ue
skpktndra ikz ka ikfrdjkr ue jkcìkha fkrkta au ue skpkta hn qukcdhkhn1
Ynok kqud. Hndxn-en eastrkr-cmn dssa. (A vn`hnhar kfrn a idjmërda n
iacmndk kclueks pëld`ks jae nssns hkhas).

Ne sdtukìþns F6F, eudtks vnzns snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc ä k rkzêa pnck

qukc vajïoar`kcåstdjk
neprnsk nstë irn`tnnkhkirn`tn jaequn
neprnsk snusvn`hdk
jcdn`tns ‚ jaea
pnìks vduk `as
hn krtn nxnepcas
maspdtkds. hk
Ä iëjdc
d`trahuzdr d`iarekìêa safrn a enrjkha ja`tk`ta qun nck snok ÿtdc ka jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc? –D`hnpn`hn`tn hn ikznr `nlújdas ja`asja au `êa, vajï hnvnrdk
skfnr safrn kclueks hks d`iarekìþns qun jacntkeas safrn jaea snr fne-
sujnhdha ne snu enrjkha―.

 Nxnrjåjda

Arlk`dzn ue wargsmap pkrk ja`strudr vkcar. Rnrlu`tn k suk nqudpn

a qun pahn ja`strudr lrk`hn vkcar ne tar`a hn snu prahuta au
snrvdìa. Jaea, quk`ha n a qun vajï hdrë ka d`trahuzdr suk snssêa
d`iarektdvk hn enrjkha1 Rkrk tar`kr-sn k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn
Yn`hks vajï prnjdsk hnid`dr n kpnrindìakr jkhk ue has pkssas ha
prajnssa hn vn`hks. @nstn nxnrjåjda vajï kpnrindìakrë uek ek`ndrk
prnjdsk jae k qukc vajï iar`njnrë d`iarekìêa ha enrjkha kas snus
jcdn`tns patn`jdkds.
 Rkssa hn Yn`hks 8? Jrdn Hnsnoa

Klark ä a eaen`ta hn ikznr jae qun snu jcdn`tn hnsnon snu prahuta au
snrvdìa, n qun a hnsnon klark ensea. Më eudtks jadsks qun pahne snr indtks
pkrk kuen`tkr a hnsnoa. Jaea en`jda`nd, huks täj`djks pahnrasks sêa?

;. Ludn-as par uek särdn hn pnrlu`tks `ks qukds vajï d`tn`sdidjkrë suk
`njnssdhkhn saf k pnrspnjtdvk hncns.
6. Kprnsn`tn hkhas surprnn`hn`tns qun rnkcen`tn eatdvne snu
jaeprkhar k n`trkr ne kìêa klark.

Znok jckra safrn nssk departk`tn qunstêa? Znus jaeprkharns idjkrêa eudta
ekds eatdvkhas sn k sdtukìêa ktukc sn tar`k d`kjndtëvnc. Rkrk jrdkr hnsnoa,
vajï prnjdsk eatdvë-cas usk`ha uek jaefd`kìêa hn prafcneks n sacuìþns ‚ 
ensea sn ä vajï qune kpa`tk as prafcneks qun ncns kd`hk `êa mkvdke
ja`sdhnrkha.
eudta fne. Hkhas hn enrjkha n snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc pahne iu`jda`kr
As hkhas ha enrjkha eastrke kas snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds qun snu
enrjkha ä kjdrrkha jae ja`jarrï`jdk, kcäe hn pahnr n`iktdzkr uek kctk tkxk
hn injmken`ta hn `nlújdas. Ikìk uek pnsqudsk pkrk n`ja`trkr nssk
d`iarekìêa.
Zn snus jcdn`tns patn`jdkds nstêa ja`iartëvnds jae k sdtukìêa ktukc, ncns `êa
sn eatdvkrêa pkrk euhkr. Rartk`ta, ikìk qun sn sd`tke d`jaeahkhas. Ks
pnssaks klne ekds rëpdha pkrk rnsacvnr ue prafcnek ha qun klne pkrk
lk`mkr ue fn`niåjda `êa rnkcdzkha. Ks pnssaks `kturkcen`tn eavne-sn `k
hdrnìêa apastk has prafcneks n a ha d`jøeaha n vêa ktrës hn sacuìþns. ^ek
vnz qun vajï eastrau k ncns as prafcneks, hnsjrnvk jaea snrdk ekrkvdcmasa
ue iutura jae snus prahutas au snrvdìas, n kssde vajï jrdkrë hnsnoa. Kpn`ks
jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun nstë hnsjrnvn`ha a iutura ekrkvdcmasa hncns n `êa
kpn`ks a hn snus prahutas. Cnefrn-sn hn?  Ks jkrkjtnråstdjks ha prahuta
kpn`ks ikzne prapklk`hk, as fn`niåjdas ä qun vn`hne.
vn`hne. @êa hdlk k ncns a qun
ä, eks parqun prnjdske hkqudca.
  Nxnrjåjda
Arlk`dzn ue wargsmap pnrlu`tk`ha tahas snus vn`hnharns? –[ukds

sêa as pa`tas prafcneëtdjas qun eatdvkrdke snus jcdn`tns

patn`jdkds k jaeprkr1― Nsjrnvk quktra hncns. Ne snludhk nsjrnvk
as quktra fn`niåjdas ha snu prahuta au snrvdìa qun hdrntken`tn
ktn`hne k nssns
Yajï kjkfau hn pa`tas prafcneëtdjas.
nsjrnvnr jkrkjtnråstdjksJmnqun suks prúprdks
au fn`niåjdas1 dhndks?
Znu jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc `êa cdlk sn snu prahuta ä ekds rëpdha au sn usk en`as
n`nrldk. Hdlk par qun dssa departk k ncns. Jaea tar`krë suks vdhks
au trkfkcmas encmarns1

Rkssa hn Yn`hks >? Zupnrn ks Afonìþns

[ukds sêa as eatdvas ekds jaeu`s pncas qukds vajï pnrhn uek vn`hk1 N
quk`tks ek`ndrks hdinrn`tns vajï hnsn`vacvnu pkrk ncded`kr ks fkrrndrks hn
jaeprks1 Ks afonìþns ekds hdiåjnds sêa ks qun vajï `êa ja`mnjn. ^e
vn`hnhar tkcn`tasa nstkfncnjn k `njnssdhkhn n hnsjafrn ks afonìþns fne jnha
`a prajnssa hn jaeprk. Eks eudtks vnzns, ka kpraxdekr-sn ha injmken`ta,
ks afonìþns nsja`hdhks surlne. Jnrtken`tn, vajï pahn pnrlu`tkr hdrntken`tn
ka snu jcdn`tn? –A qun nstë cmn depnhd`ha hn taekr nssk hnjdsêa1― ^sk`ha
uek särdn pkhra`dzkhk hn pnrlu`tks, as vn`hnharns supnrnstrncks qukcdidjkrêa
as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk has jaeprkharns `as eå`deas hntkcmns, k`tns ensea
hn jaenìkrne k vn`hnr. [uk`ta encmar vajï qukcdidjë-cas, en`as afstëjucas
n`ja`trkrëlnrkc?
pnrlu`tk ka kpraxdekr-sn ha injmken`ta.
–Jaea pahneas Ikìkneautra
jrdkr hnsnoa wargsmap
`assas jcdn`tnsjae
pkrkk
khqudrdrne `assa prahuta au snrvdìa1―
Jaea oë en`jda`nd, a encmar injmken`ta hn tahas ä kquncn qun cnvk a
jaeprkhar k hnjdhdr par sd ensea, oë qun ä k ja`jcusêa ekds cúldjk qun
pahne nxtrkdr hk d`iarekìêa qun vajï hnu k ncns. Jaea iad nxpcdjkha `a
Jkpåtuca [uktra, a krluen`ta jn`trkc hnvn rnhnid`dr as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk n
cnvkr a jcdn`tn k ue injmken`ta cúldja. Yajï pahn tkefäe ikznr pnrlu`tks
 qun eastrne k ncns a justa au ks hnsvk`tkln`s hn `êa prassnludr jae k
jaeprk hn snu prahuta au snrvdìa. Enus vn`hnharns ikzne pnrlu`tks jaea?

[ukc ä a snu ekdar hnskida hn ekrgntd`l1

[uk`ta vkcnrdk pkrk vajï sn nssn hnskida iassn rnsacvdha pkrk

sneprn1
[uk`ha justk k vajï `êa sacujda`kr nssn prafcnek1

[uk`ha
ja`asja as jcdn`tns
pahn patn`jdkds
rnsacvnr pn`skepkrk
kquncn hnskida hnssksneprn,
iarek ncns
n hnsjafrne
injmke kqun trkfkcmkr
vn`hk par sd
enseas.
@a n`tk`ta, ensea jae faks pnrlu`tks `a d`åjda ha prajnssa hn vn`hks,
uek afonìêa pahnrë kpkrnjnr `a eaen`ta hn injmkr k vn`hk. Eks sn vajï sn
cnefrkr hn qun uek afonìêa ä uek apartu`dhkhn pkrk rnkcdzkr ue
injmken`ta,, vajï sneprn idjkrë incdz ka auvdr uek. Rar nxnepca, ue jcdn`tn
injmken`ta
hë nssk afonìêa? –Nu kharkrdk jaeprkr dssa klark, eks sdepcnsen`tn nstë iark
ha enu arìken`ta `a eaen`ta―. Yajï hnvnrdk ja`jarhkr qun nssk ä uek
afonìêa vëcdhk. Zneprn ja`jarhn jae uek afonìêa. As jcdn`tns kfkdxkrêa k
lukrhk. Xkcvnz vajï passk hdznr? –Fne, dssa ä jnrtken`tn uek fak rkzêa pkrk
`êa d`vnstdr `dsta maon. (pkusk nepëtdjk) Eks hndxn-en ikznr-cmn uek
pnrlu`tk? –Hd`mndra ä a ÿ`dja eatdva depnhd`ha vajï k jaeprkr nssn
prahuta1― @nstn eaen`ta, sn më ekds afonìþns, ncks surldrêa. Jksa ja`trërda,
a jcdn`tn hdrë? –@êa, sn nu puhnssn pklkr par dssa, nu a jaeprkrdk―.
Dssa sn jmkek dsackr k afonìêa.
afonìêa. Ä ue prd`jåpda fësdja hn vn`hks qun ä
n`sd`kha ne taha pralrkek hn trnd`ken`ta hn vn`hks. Ensea kssde, tahas
as hdks vnoa vn`hnharns ikznrne a ensea nrra hn `êa dsackr k afonìêa.
Kjrnhdta qun k vnrhkhndrk cdìêa hn qukcqunr tdpa hn trnd`ken`ta hn vn`hks sn
rnsuen â cdìêa prd`jdpkc hnstn cdvra? Yajï prnjdsk trkfkcmkr ne jkhk uek
hnssks nstrktäldks jae uek afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa n hdsjdpcd`k. Nssk ä k
ÿ`djk iarek hn d`tnlrkr tatkcen`tn qukcqunr ue hnssns prd`jåpdas hn iarek
qun sn sd`tntdzne `k ek`ndrk qun as vn`hnharns pn`ske n apnrke.
N`têa quk`ha kcluäe cmn hnr uek afonìêa n vajï k dsackr, tnrë hkha ue
pkssa ne hdrnìêa ka injmken`ta k vn`hk. @nstn eaen`ta jkfn k vajï
lkrk`tdr k vn`hk. Yajï hdz? –N`têa, sn nu ja`snludr n`ja`trkr uek ek`ndrk
jae qun nssn prahuta jkdfk `a snu arìken`ta, vajï a jaeprkrdk1― Zn a
jcdn`tn hdssnr sde, vajï kjkfau hn injmkr k vn`hk. Yajï prnjdskrë klark snr
 ekds jrdktdva `a id`k`jdken`ta ha prahuta au snrvdìa pkrk kouhkr k jrdkr ekds
hnsnoa, eastrk`ha qun `êa jaeprë-ca justkrë eudta ekds k ncns ne ca`la
prkza.

Rkssa hn Yn`hks 9? Injmn k Yn`hk

Kpnskr ha afontdva snr jrdkr jrdtärdas hn jaeprk cúldjas hn tkc iarek qun a
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc n a vn`hnhar jked`mne ne hdrnìêa â vn`hk ou`tas, ä
departk`tn cnefrkr qun k ekdardk hks pnssaks prnjdsk hn kouhk `k taekhk hn
hnjdsþns. Nu tdvn ue jcdn`tn qun idjau hads k`as tn`tk`ha sn hnjdhdr sn
hnvnrdk au `êa en ja`trktkr pkrk kouhkr suk neprnsk k jrnsjnr. Nu id`kcen`tn
hdssn k ncn? –Ynok fne, vajï `êa prnjdsk hn ekds `n`muek d`iarekìêa, oë
skfn tuha a qun vajï pahnrdk skfnr. Rrnjdsk klark kpn`ks taekr uek hnjdsêa.
Yajï ä jkpkz hn taekr nssk hnjdsêa1 Rarqun ä `nssn pa`ta a`hn vajï sn
n`ja`trk klark―. Nssn iad ue injmken`ta kfrupta, eks sne ncn tkcvnz enu
jcdn`tn tdvnssn ja`td`ukha k pnrhnr tnepa tn`tk`ha hnjdhdr, quk`ha `k
vnrhkhn pahnrdk oë nstkr trkfkcmk`ha jaedla pkrk encmarkr snus `nlújdas. Ncn
hdssn? –Yajï nstë jnrta. Oë snd hn tuha. [unra ja`trktë-ca―. N ncn injmau k
vn`hk.
Xdvn autra jcdn`tn jae a ensea prafcnek. Ncn sdepcnsen`tn `êa
ja`snludk taekr k hnjdsêa, n`têa nu k taend par ncn ikzn`ha uek särdn hn
pnrlu`tks?

N^? Yajï kjrnhdtk qun nu a kouhkrnd k sufdr ka prúxdea pktkekr1

JCDN@XN? Zde.
N^? Yajï sd`jnrken`tn kjmk qun ed`mk kouhk trkrë eudta ekds cujra ha
qun vajï lkstkrë ne enus snrvdìas1
JCDN@XN? Zde, snd qun vajï vkcn eudta ekds ha qun nu lkstkrnd.
N^? Yajï pnrjnfn qun as prafcneks qun cmn eastrnd cmn justkrêa eudta
ekds ne ca`la prkza1
JCDN@XN? Zde.
N^?  [ukc vajï kjmk qun ä a rnsuctkha prd`jdpkc qun vajï aftnrë ka
trkfkcmkr jaedla n qukc snrdk a vkcar hdssa pkrk vajï1
 Ja`td`und kssde, n idz ekds ueks ;2 pnrlu`tks ktä qun a jcdn`tn id`kcen`tn
ja`jarhau rnsacuta? –Zde. Jaenjneas oë―.

Xkcvnz vajï
prafcnek prnjdsnue
ne nxnrjnr kouhkr as jcdn`tns
pauqud`ma patn`jdkdsZnk vajï
hn prnssêa. taekrkjrnhdtk
k hnjdsêa.
qun@êa më
a qun
tne k ainrnjnr ä fae pkrk ncns, injmn cala nssk vn`hk!
Autra eätaha hn vn`hks tnstkha n jaepravkha ä kssuedr k vn`hk, vn`hk, hdzn`ha

kcla jaea? –Yajï qunr dssa n`vdkha maon1― au –Rkrk a`hn pahneas n`vdkr
dssa1― Nu nrk ue oavne hn kpn`ks ;4 k`as k prdendrk vnz qun vd ue
vn`hnhar vntnrk`a kssuedr k vn`hk. Nrk a enu prdendra hdk hn trkfkcma ne
uek caok hnuek
Ncn pnlau eúvnds, n a lnrn`tn
prk`jmntk jae uekhn idjmk
vn`hkshnen hdssn?n –Rrnstn
pnhdha jked`mauktn`ìêa
ktä ue`dsta―.
jkskc
hn dhkhn acmk`ha ks pactra`ks rnjcd`ëvnds. Ncns sn`tkrke-sn ne uek au huks
pkrk nxpnrden`tkr n hnjdhdrke hn qukc lastkrke ekds. Ncn n`têa hdssn? –A`hn
vajïs earke1― Ncns cmn hdssnrke a`hn n ncn rnspa`hnu? –@ús ikzneas ks
n`trnlks `ks tnrìks au qud`tks. [ukc hnssns hdks snrdk encmar pkrk vajïs1― A
jkskc sn n`trnacmau n hnjdhdu qun qud`tk-indrk snrdk a encmar hdk. Ncn n`têa
hdssn, n`quk`ta pasdjda`kvk suk jk`ntk `k idjmk hn pnhdha? –Jaea sn nsjrnvn
snu safrn`aen1― Ncns jaenìkrke k sacntrkr n ncn injmau k vn`hk.
Nssk iad uek d`tnrnssk`tn nxpnrdï`jdk pkrk ede. Kcäe hn en eastrkr k
täj`djk hn kssuedr k vn`hk, hnea`strkvk jaea ue vn`hnhar tne ue n`aren
depkjta ne sn ue jcdn`tn jaeprkrë au `êa, n ktä quk`ha jaeprkrë.
[uk`ha trkfkcmnd jaea jarrntar hn deúvnds, en n`vdkrke pkrk kjaepk`mkr
autrk jacnlk hn trkfkcma qun nstkvk tn`ha hdidjuchkhns pkrk injmkr ks vn`hks.
A prdendra jkskc qun kjaepk`mkeas nstkvk prajurk`ha pnck suk prdendrk
jksk. Zntn jksks hnpads, n`ja`trkeas uek qun ncns lastkrke. Ncns jaenìke k
ikckr safrn tahks ks jadsks faks? k skck ä pnrindtk, k lkrklne ä útdek, a okrhde
ä lrk`hn, n kssde par hdk`tn. Zn ncns iassne enus jcdn`tns, nu tnrdk
jksukcen`tn hdta? –Fne, ikìkeas n`têa uek ainrtk pkrk tdrkr k jksk ha
enrjkha. Yajï `êa pahn dekld`kr a `ÿenra hn vnzns qun vd uek jksk snr
tdrkhk hn vajï quk`ha en`as sn nspnrk. Ä encmar ikznr uek ainrtk pkrk
ek`tnr as autras jcdn`tns ca`ln―.
^ek afonìêa tåpdjk hn ue jkskc jaea nssn snrdk? –Fne, enu pkd pklkrë k
n`trkhk pkrk `ús, n`têa `ús qunrneas qun ncn vnok k jksk prdendra―. Â qukc
nu rnspa`hnrdk? –Útdea. Ikrneas ue pck`a hn ja`td`lï`jdk. Zn ncn `êa lastkr
hk jksk, vajï `êa prnjdskrë jaeprë-ck. Jaea cmns pkrnjn1― Yn`hk injmkhk.
Eks ncns `êa nrke enus jcdn`tns, n`têa nu kpn`ks afsnrvnd. A jkskc oë
 nstkvk pra`ta pkrk nsjacmnr nssk jksk. ^e pnqun`a nepurrêa n `ús
nstkråkeas cala prnn`jmn`ha kquncn iareucërda. Hn rnpn`tn, k vn`hnhark hdz?

–Fne,
hnjdsþns`êa
qunikìke `khk
taekrêa ne âs prnssks.
suks Jaeprkr
vdhks, n`têa uek
vajïs jkskdräjae
hnvne uekjkcek―.
hks ekdarns
D`jrähuca, cn`tken`tn vdrnd ed`mk jkfnìk â vn`hnhark. Xdvn qun en
ja`trackr pkrk `êa injmkr suk fajk jae ed`mk eêa n hdznr? –Nck nstë

hncdrk`ha hn infrn. Dl`arn-k. Ykeas prnn`jmnr nssn iareucërda―. K vn`hnhark

`êa injmau k vn`hk, jaea tkefäe hnsvdau as jcdn`tns hn taekr kqunck
hnjdsêa.
Nssk ä `a
nxpcdjkha uek cdìêa departk`tn.
Jkpåtuca Dssa vne nssk
Jd`ja. D`tnrdaren`tn, hn ue –nla
pnssak irkja―,
nstkvk jaejaea
enha iad
hn
injmkr k vn`hk au kpcdjkr qukcqunr tdpa hn prnssêa qun iassn, parqun a enha
hn rnondìêa k nstkvk n`irkqunjn`ha. Ä par dssa qun k ekdardk has vn`hnharns
`êa injmk ks vn`hks fne? Rar jkusk hn ue nla irkja n a enha hn rnondìêa.
Rartk`ta, kouhkrnd k tahas jae nssn prafcnek klark ensea usk`ha ks
pkckvrks qun kprn`hd ha Oam` O., a lnrn`tn hn vn`hks hkqunck caok hn eúvnds
a`hn rnjnfd enu prdendra trnd`ken`ta hn vn`hks?

Ynok fne, âs vnzns jmnlke pnssaks kqud qun oë vne prajurk`ha par
ue ja`ou`ta hn saiës pkrk k skck hn nstkr më u`s quktra ensns. Ncks oë
iarke k ueks hnz caoks. Zkfn par quï1 Rar jkusk hn vn`hnharns irkjas
qun `êa skfne ikznr a trkfkcma hdrndta. Znu trkfkcma ä tdrkr nssks
pnssaks ha snu sairden`ta. Yajï oë vdu pnssaks qun nstêa prajurk`ha
par ue ja`ou`ta oë ikz snds ensns n a hdk qun ncks id`ken`tn hnjdhne
jaeprkr, ncks `êa pahne `ne nspnrkr ktä a prahuta snr n`trnlun ne
suk jksk1 Raxk vdhk, ncks cnvkrdke a prahuta `a ensea hdk sn
puhnssne. Ks pnssaks `êa sn krrnpn`hne hn jaeprkr, k en`as qun
ncks jaeprne kcla qun oë vn`mk jae hnindta. K ekdardk hks pnssaks
idjk eudta k`dekhk ka jaeprkr. A snu trkfkcma, Jmnt, ä kouhkr nssks
pnssaks `k suk hnjdsêa hn jaeprk. Nssk ä k ekdar irkqunzk hks pnssaks
 ‚ ncks `êa sêa faks ne taekr hnjdsþns. Zn vajï rnkcen`tn kjrnhdtk qun
snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc hnvnrdk sn fn`nidjdkr ha snu prahuta au snrvdìa, ä
suk afrdlkìêa earkc kouhë-cas k taekr uek hnjdsêa n snludr ne irn`tn.

Útdea hdsjursa. @u`jk ekds en nsqunjd. Zn vajï `êa kjrnhdtk ne snu

prahuta au snrvdìa, `êa a vn`hk hn iarek kcluek. Eks sn a qun vajï vn`hn
rnkcen`tn snrë ÿtdc âquncn jcdn`tn patn`jdkc, n`têa tn`tn ja`vn`jï-ca hn tahks
 ks ek`ndrks passåvnds ktä qun ncn jaeprn.
Autrks ek`ndrks hn pnrsukhdr ks pnssaks k jaeprkrne ekds rëpdha n jae
ekdar n`tusdksea d`jcud vërdks d`vnrsþns hn rdsjas n ainrnjnr-cmns ue prahuta
au snrvdìa jartnsdk kjaepk`mk`ha k vn`hk. Më kcla qun vajï pahnrdk
khdjda`kr qun as eatdvkrdk k jaeprkr `nstn nxkta eaen`ta1 Au, vajï

pahnrdk ikznr uek d`vnrsêa hn rdsja (ue ja`jndta qun a Oky Kfrkmke n`sd`k)
hn iarek qun tahks ks afonìþns ha jcdn`tn patn`jdkc snoke `nutrkcdzkhks1
Ed`mk neprnsk vn`hn ue pralrkek hn trnd`ken`ta fkstk`tn kfrk`ln`tn n
n`têa
`assk `ús khdjda`keas
d`vnrsêa k dssa
hn rdsja kclu`s edcmkrns
(pkrkirksnkhk)? hn húckrns
–Nstkeas têa ne fø`us.
jnrtas hn Kqud nstë
qun nssn
pralrkek drë kouhë-ca, qun cmn hkrneas ue vkcn hn $6 edc ne prahutas.
Jaeprn nssn pralrkek n usn-a. Zn vajï `êa kjmkr qun nssn prahuta vkcn
vk cn ekds
ha qun edc vnzns k ekds qun snu d`vnstden`ta, hnvacvk-a n rnjnfk taha snu
hd`mndra hn vactk. N, pnca d`jøeaha, vajï pahn idjkr jae as $6 edc ne
prahutas hn jartnsdk―.
[uk`ha idz dssa, `assks vn`hks hafrkrke. N sde, ä ikta qun ; has ;2 qun
jaeprkrne tkcvnz a ikìke kpn`ks pkrk idjkr jae as prahutas fø`us, eks
ensea kssde tnrë `avn vn`hks k ekds ha qun tnrdk jksa `êa tdvnssn indta k
ainrtk. ^ek lkrk`tdk hn rnsskrjden`ta ä uek útdek ek`ndrk hn cdhkr jae
qukdsqunr afonìþns, eks k dhndk hn ainrnjnr ue fø`us qun ncns `êa prnjdsne
hnvacvnr patn`jdkcdzk nssk kìêa.

 Nxnrjåjda
Nsjrnvk adta jadsks qun vajï pahnrdk ikznr pkrk injmkr ekds vn`hks.
A qun vajï pahnrdk khdjda`kr qun n`jarkokrdk ks pnssaks k
jaeprkrne
d`vnrsêa `nstn nxkta
hn rdsja1 eaen`ta1
[un frd`hns Jaea
pahnrdk vajï pahnrdk
prnsn`tnkr uskr k
kjaepk`mk`ha
ks jaeprks qun eatdvkrdke snus ja`suedharns k jaeprkr1 [un
prahuta au snrvdìa pahnrdk d`jcudr jaea jartnsdk qun snrdk hn
lrk`hn vkcar pkrk snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc1

N n`têa arlk`dzn wargsmaps jae snu pnssakc ne jaea cdhkr jae afonìþns
n ne täj`djks hn injmken`ta hn vn`hks. @êa më `khk qun kidn tk`ta ks
 mkfdcdhkhns hn vn`hks jaea nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa. Kclueks pnssaks
ahndke nssn nxnrjåjda, eks nu `êa cdla pkrk dssa. Ncns prnjdske ikzï-ca sn
trkfkcmke
vn`hnharnsjaedla. Znrnd
pkrtdjdpne hasfrk`ha `a d`åjda,
nxnrjåjdas eks ikrnd jae
hn hrkektdzkìêa. qun tahas
Xrkfkcmnd as
jae ue
lrupa hn täj`djas d`hustrdkds qun prnjdskvke sn kjastuekr k vn`hnr ue

prahuta `ava kctken`tn täj`dja. [uk`ha jaenjnd k trkfkcmkr jae ncns,

`n`mue nrk eudta fae ne `n`muek hks täj`djks qun nu nstkvk n`sd`k`ha n
`n`mue hncns lastkvk has nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa. Nu trnd`nd as
nxnrjåjdas
acmkvke. Kajae ncnshas
id`kc hurk`tn snds ensns,
snds ensns, tahasue par ue, n`quk`ta
as täj`djas tahashnasrnkcdzkr
nrke jkpkzns autras
ue trkfkcma hnjn`tn ne jkhk kspnjta hk vn`hk ha prahuta. Nrk
deprnssda`k`tn kjaepk`mkr a pralrnssa, kpnskr hn skfnr, qun `a jaenìa,
tahas en hntnstkvke.

Rkssa hn Yn`hks <? Iaccaw-^p

A prajnssa pús-vn`hk ä têa departk`tn qun a prúxdea jkpåtuca snrë
hnhdjkha nxjcusdvken`tn k dssa.

Ja`jcusêa
Nssns sntn pkssas rninrne-sn âs mkfdcdhkhns n prajnhden`tas fësdjas
iu`hken`tkds. Hk ensek iarek qun as trnd`kharns hn fksquntn prnjdske
ja`stk`tnen`tn trnd`kr snus oalkharns ne fk`hnok n fcaqunda, as lnrn`tns hn
vn`hks prnjdske ja`stk`tnen`tn trnd`kr snus rnprnsn`tk`tns ne kpnrindìakr
as sntn pkssas hn jkhk vn`hk. Ks neprnsks d`tncdln`tns jrdke inrrken`tks,
pacåtdjks n prajnhden`tas qun hnne kpada k nssns sntn pkssas. [uk`ta ekds
pkhrþns hn qukcdhkhn vajï nstkfncnjnr, encmar snrë k pnriarek`jn qun pahnrë
nspnrkr hn tkcn`tas hn tahas as `åvnds. Zú k prktdjk n rnpntdìêa ja`stk`tn jrdkrë
vn`hnharns kctken`tn qukcdidjkhas.
 

Iaccaw-^p n Mkfdcdhkhns hn Jrdkìêa hn Yå`jucas

jae a Jcdn`tn
Jaea Vntnr as Jcdn`tns pkrk Zneprn n Kuen`tkr Znus Cujras
Vkhdjkcen`tn

Zn vajï afsnrvkr k ekdardk hks neprnsks n snus nsiarìas pkrk ikznr snus
`nlújdas jrnsjnrne, k ekdar pkrtn ha snu iaja snrë `as prdendras snds pkssas
ha prajnssa hn vn`hks jae a afontdva hn aftnr `avas jcdn`tns. Ncns kjmke
qun snu trkfkcma tnred`au hnpads qun k vn`hk iad indtk. Eks justk snds vnzns
ekds aftnr ue `ava jcdn`tn ha qun vn`hnr kcla khdjda`kc k ue jcdn`tn oë
nxdstn`tn. Zn vajï qunr ja`strudr k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , prnjdskrë
tnr ue iaccaw-up n ue iaccaw-tmraulm qun sdlke hntkcmkhas prajnhden`tas.
A ekds hdiåjdc ä jkpturkr k ktn`ìêa ha jcdn`tn pnck prdendrk vnz. Ne
qukcqunr culkr qun vajï vë, mkvnrë uek en`sklne jaenrjdkc hn kclue tdpa.
 enhdhk qun k quk`tdhkhn hn en`skln`s kuen`tk, k eneúrdk hks pnssaks sn
n`jacmn. Dssa ä jmkekha hn a iktar hn kfsarìêa. Zdl`didjk qun quk`ha vajï
ikz ja`tkta jae kcluäe n ja`snlun jmkekr k suk ktn`ìêa, vajï prnjdskrë
ikzï-ca `avken`tn, n ekds uek vnz, n autrk. N prnjdskrë ikznr tuha dssa a
ekds rëpdha passåvnc, au ncn pnrhnrë a d`tnrnssn n sn nsqunjnrë hn vajï. ^ek
vnz qun vajï injmau k vn`hk, pahn ktä tnr kcjk`ìkha ue pasdjda`ken`ta tap-
ai-ed`h, eks sn vajï `êa idjkr â vdstk, rkpdhken`tn skdrë hk en`tn hn snu
jcdn`tn. Yajï prnjdsk tnr nxjncn`tns prajnhden`tas hn iaccaw-up pkrk pahnr
pnrek`njnr irnsja `k en`tn ha snu jcdn`tn.
A iaccaw-up ‚ a sätdea pkssa hn jkhk vn`hk ‚ ä têa departk`tn qun
lk`mkrë nssn jkpåtuca d`tndra sú pkrk ncn. Nssn jkpåtuca cmn hkrë ks
 inrrken`tks pkrk kvkcdkr n encmarkr a iaccaw-up n as prajnhden`tas hn
jrdkìêa hn vå`jucas jae as jcdn`tns qun vajï oë tne. Xkefäe cmn eastrkrë
jaea ja`jnfnr n depcnen`tkr prajnhden`tas ekds `avas, jrdktdvas n
d`avkharns pkrk cnvkr a rnckjda`ken`ta jae as jcdn`tns k ue pktkekr
jaepcntken`tn `ava n k ue `åvnc hn cujra eudta ekds kcta.
[uk`ha trkfkcmnd pkrk a Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr, tdvn ue rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks

qun nrk ik`tëstdja ne ikznr a prdendra ja`tkta n injmkr vn`hks. @a n`tk`ta,

`êa nrk hk suk `kturnzk jrdkr vå`jucas kintdvas jae ks pnssaks. Ncn kpn`ks
injmkvk k vn`hk n ja`jn`trkvk-sn `a prúxdea jcdn`tn. Jaenjnd k jacajkr as
trïs Rs ne snus hnvdhas culkrns, kssde nstkfncnjn`ha `areks pkrk jrdkr
vå`jucas pnrek`n`tns jae as jcdn`tns. Jrdnd apartu`dhkhns pkrk k d`tnrkìêa
ne ekssk, tkds jaea indrks neprnskrdkds n jnrdeø`dks hn prnedkìêa (safrn ks
qukds vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca Zntn), eks tkefäe idz trnd`ken`tas
d`hdvdhukds n ktä nxnrjåjdas hn hrkektdzkìêa pkrk n`sd`kr kas vn`hnharns
jaea ikznr pnrlu`tks hn iarek qun sn n`vacvnssne jae k vdhk ha jcdn`tn
nintdva au patn`jdkc (jaea iad nxpcdjkha `a jkpåtuca k`tnrdar).
@nssn nxnepca, `ús nstëvkeas vn`hn`ha F6F, a`hn jkhk jcdn`tn pahnrdk
sdl`didjkr ue lrk`hn ikturken`ta. Rartk`ta, nvn`tas hn n`trntn`den`ta ne
lrk`hn nsjkck ä ue d`vnstden`ta sëfda pkrk jrdkr apartu`dhkhns. Rkrk vn`hks
F6J, vajï prnjdsk depcnen`tkr apartu`dhkhns hn d`tnrkìêa ne uek nsjkck
en`ar. Rar nxnepca, sn vajï ä ha`a hn ue rnstkurk`tn, spk, skcêa hn fncnzk
au caok hn raupks, vajï prnjdsk tnr as prajnhden`tas ne hdk pkrk jnrtdidjkr-sn
qun suk nqudpn nstkfncnjnrë rnckjda`ken`tas jae as jcdn`tns n as ikrêa
sn`tdrne-sn nspnjdkds.

Nxnepca
Kqud nstë ue nxnepca hn eknstrdk `k prëtdjk hn jrdkr vå`jucas jae a
jcdn`tn. Jnrtk vnz, cnvnd ;= pnssaks ka Zpkla, `k äpajk ne qun nrk a
rnstkurk`tn hk eahk `a pkås. Mkvdk uek indrk neprnskrdkc `k jdhkhn,
partk`ta tahas enus k`u`jdk`tns nstkvke cë. Ncns vdnrke hn tahas as
jk`tas ha pkås ‚ Cd`jac`, @nfrksgk7 Rd`n Fusm, @avk Darqun7 Kcfk`y,
@avk Darqun7 Rdttsfurl, Rn``sycvk`dk7 Edked, Icardhk7 qukcqunr culkr
qun vajï dekld`kr. K ekdardk hncns tkcvnz `u`jk tnrdk tdha uek
apartu`dhkhn hn dr ka Zpkla. Rrnjdsnd ikznr ks rnsnrvks jae ue eïs hn
k`tnjnhï`jdk? uek ensk pkrk ;= ja`vdhkhas.
Mkvdk trïs nstrncks hn jd`nek sn`tkhks k paujas entras hn `assk
 ensk, a qun iad neajda`k`tn pkrk enus jcdn`tns. Dssa hnu k ncns kcla
pkrk ja`tkr quk`ha jmnlkssne ne jksk n rnprnsn`tau ekds uek
apartu`dhkhn pkrk jrdkr vå`jucas jae enus k`u`jdk`tns ekds
departk`tns. Hn rnpn`tn, kclu`s lkrìa`s vdnrke â `assk ensk
kjaepk`mkhas ha prúprda \acilk`l Rujg (a ha`a ha rnstkurk`tn n ue
ikeasa jmni) jae keastrks hn mars húnuvrns. A \acilk`l vnda ktä

ede, en jmkek`ha pnca `aen n hdssn jaea nrk fae en vnr. Ncn `êa
hdssn –`avken`tn―, eks nrk depcåjdta qun ncn en ja`mnjdk, kpnskr hn
`k vnrhkhn `êa en ja`mnjnr. Eks a qun ncn inz, n hn ek`ndrk eudta
nidjkz, iad ikznr jae qun nu en sn`tdssn eudta nspnjdkc. Kid`kc, quk`tks
pnssaks trkzne ;= ja`vdhkhas ka Zpkla1
Kcäe hdssa, vnr a \acik`l en hkr ue kpnrta hn eêa n hdznr jaea
nrk fae en vnr deprnssda`au enus jcdn`tns. Dssa en deprnssda`au
tk`ta, qun kqud nstau nu, ja`tk`ta nssn jksa quksn 62 k`as hnpads. @as
encmarns rnstkurk`tns, a ha`a au lnrn`tn drë hn ensk ne ensk
kprnsn`tk`ha-sn n jnrtdidjk`ha-sn hn qun tuha nstë jarrn`ha
pnrindtken`tn.
Kjrnhdtn ne ede ‚ sn vajï `êa tne prajnhden`tas pkrk dssa, nssn
tdpa hn sdtukìêa `u`jk kja`tnjnrë par kjdhn`tn. [ukds sêa snus
prajnhden`tas hn jrdkìêa hn vå`juca pkrk jnrtdidjkr-sn hn qun vajï nstë
ek`tn`ha snus jcdn`tns sktdsindtas1 [uk`tas prajnhden`tas vajï tne1

A Iktar Nsqunjden`ta
A n`tusdksea ä ja`tkldk`tn. [uk`ha vajï nstë ka ckha hn ue jcdn`tn
patn`jdkc, snu n`tusdksea a d`icun`jdk. A snlu`ha, qun vajï vkd nefark, a
jcdn`tn patn`jdkc jaenìk k pnrhnr a d`tnrnssn par vajï. Eks suk tkrnik ä
ek`tnr a jcdn`tn n`tusdksekha safrn huks jadsks? vajï n k vn`hk.
Ncns prnjdske idjkr k`dekhas jae vajï, n `êa kpn`ks jae a qun vajï nstë
vn`hn`ha. Zn vajï jkusau uek fak deprnssêa, vajï prnjdsk ja`td`ukr
ek`tn`ha ue ja`tkta d`d`tnrrupta. Zn vajï `êa jrdau fa`s vå`jucas hurk`tn
as snds prdendras pkssas ha prajnssa hn vn`hks, a iaccaw-up snrë kd`hk ekds
departk`tn. Cnefrn-sn hk mdstúrdk hk neprnsk qun k`u`jdau ne ed`mk rnvdstk
trïs vnzns snludhk rnsuctk`ha ne tatkc irkjkssa. Jaea nu mkvdk indta ue
 iaccaw up têa d`tn`sa pnrk`tn a irkjkssa, lk`mnd ja`idk`ìk suidjdn`tn pkrk
ja`vn`jï-cas k lkstkr kd`hk ekds hd`mndra ‚ rnsuctk`ha ne ue sujnssa
surprnn`hn`tn.
Cnefrn-sn, a rnspndta n k ja`idk`ìk rnprnsn`tke k ekdar pkrtn hk vn`hk. K
jkhk ed`uta qun sn pksskr sne qun a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc `êa tn`mk `atåjdks suks
kpús rnjnfï-ca ne snu nsjrdtúrda, nssn rnspndta pnrhnrë iarìk. Iark hn vdstk,

iark hk en`tn.

K vnrhkhndrk iúreuck hn sujnssa ne vn`hks?

Ja`idk`ìk n rnspndta ha
Ekdar pkrtdjdpkìêa 5 D`icuï`jdk
enrjkha 5k Ratn`jdkc hn Ja`tracneÿtuk
jkhk apartu`dhkhn 5 hn
fn`niåjda

Yajï rnprnsn`tk uek pkrtn lrk`hn ha eatdva pnca qukc ncns jaeprke, a
qun sdl`didjk qun vajï hnvn rniarìkr nssn vå`juca jae suk jarrnspa`hï`jdk
hn iaccaw-up (nxnepcas ne frnvn). Eks vajï tkefäe qunr qun ncns idqune
k`dekhas jae snu prahuta au snrvdìa. Zn usau ks täj`djks n`sd`khks `nstn
cdvra n kprnsn`tau kas jcdn`tns uek quk`tdhkhn n`aren hn d`iarekìþns ÿtnds
ne snu krluen`ta prd`jdpkc, ekdar snrë k prafkfdcdhkhn hn sn cnefrne ha par
qun jaeprkrke snu prahuta. ^e nxjncn`tn pk`icnta au –sauvn`dr― tkefäe
kouhkrêa.
[uk`ta ekds vajï cnefrë-cas, en`ar snrë k prafkfdcdhkhn hn qun sn
nsqunjnrêa ha par qun hn mkvnrne jaeprkha. En`jda`kr as pa`tas
`nvrëcldjas, as pa`tas prafcneëtdjas qun as cnvkrke k qunrnr jaeprkr, ne
suks jkrtks hn iaccaw-up n ja`vnrsks pnca tncnia`n ä uek ek`ndrk hn rnhuzdr a
iktar nsqunjden`ta. Zn vajï hndxkr uek rnu`dêa au hnscdlkr a tncnia`n sne
mkvnr dhn`tdidjkha qukds sêa nssns pa`tas `nvrëcldjas, nstkrë ne kpuras.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a jkpåtuca k`tnrdar, ks neprnsks fne-sujnhdhks
ja`mnjne jkhk kspnjta has jrdtärdas hn jaeprk ha jcdn`tn. [uk`ta ekds
kpraiu`hkhk iar suk jaeprnn`sêa safrn snus jcdn`tns, encmar snrë k
apartu`dhkhn hn kouhë-cas n ekdar snrë suk pkrtdjdpkìêa hn enrjkha. Zuk
entk ä tar`kr-sn ue pa`ta juced`k`tn `a hdk ha snu jcdn`tn, qun ncns hn ikta
idjkrêa `k nxpnjtktdvk pkrk rnjnfnr snus tncnia`neks, jkrtks n n-ekdcs.
Ek`tn`mk tuha nstdeuck`tn n d`tnrnssk`tn. Yajï prnjdsk tar`kr-sn uek pkrtn
hk vdhk hn snu jcdn`tn hn iarek k khqudrdr ue pasdjda`ken`ta tap-ai-ed`h
ne suks en`tns. Dssa rnqunr ue iaccaw-up d`tn`sa, hdcdln`tn n hdvnrtdha.
 Ikìk a rnckjda`ken`ta hdvnrtdha d`jarpark`ha ne snu iaccaw up dtn`s
jaea jkrtks hn fkrkcma, jkrtks pnssakds, oalas, pdkhks n frd`hns. Rkrk
neprnsks F6J, vajï prnjdsk tnr ue sdstnek hn ja`tkta ja`stk`tn pkrk ek`tnr
a rnckjda`ken`ta iartn. Dssa pahn snr ue jkrtêa YDR jae a qukc snus jcdn`tns
passke rnjnfnr snrvdìas nxprnssas au fn`niåjdas nspnjdkds. Rahn snr ue
ja`vdtn pnrsa`kcdzkha pkrk k suk prä-nstrndk YDR hn uek praeaìêa au pkrk

cnefrkr snus jcdn`tns hn suk prúxdek vdsdtk kln`hkhk. ^sk`ha k D`tnr`nt, dssa
pahn snr fkrkta au ktä sne justa. @avken`tn, hnvn snr n`iktdzkha qun a
–ekrgntd`l d`iarektdva― ä ue eätaha nxjncn`tn hn ek`tnr ja`tkta.
D`hnpn`hn`tn ha qun vajï vn`hk, vajï pahn n`ja`trkr d`iarekìþns vkcdasks
qun snu jcdn`tn idjkrë lrkta ne rnjnfnr.
Maon, tahk neprnsk hnvnrdk tnr uek lrk`hn d`djdktdvk pkrk jrdkr fk`jas hn
hkhas jae n-ekdcs n rnckjda`ken`tas jae snus jcdn`tns. Ktrkdk a ekdar
`ÿenra passåvnc hn pnssaks â suk pkld`k hk D`tnr`nt, a ekds irnqun`tnen`tn
passåvnc, par qukcqunr eatdva qun vajï ja`sdlk dekld`kr.
Ynokeas ue nxnepca prëtdja? @k äpajk ne qun nu nsjrnvdk nssn cdvra,
vdsdtnd ks pëld`ks hk D`tnr`nt aidjdkds hk Hds`ny, \kr`nr Fras. n ^`dvnrskc
Ztuhdas. Ka prajurkr, `êa n`ja`trnd ikjdcen`tn `n`mue culkr a`hn nu
puhnssn en rnldstrkr ne kcluek cdstk hn n-ekdc pkrk rnjnfnr praeaìþns. Zn
nu iassn ha`a hn ue nstÿhda, a lrëidja ekds praned`n`tn ne ed`mk pëld`k hk
D`tnr`nt snrdk uek ainrtk qun jkpturkssn hkhas pkrk hkr d`åjda k ue
rnckjda`ken`ta jae jkhk iê qun vdsdtkssn k pëld`k hk D`tnr`nt. ^e hn enus
afontdvas snrdk jkpturkr edcmþns hn n-ekdcs hn iês. Dssa rnprnsn`tkrdk ue
mnhln;  pkrk enu d`vnstden`ta, praparjda`k`ha-en k apartu`dhkhn hn
praeavnr enus idcens jae k`tnjnhï`jdk n hn ja`strudr uek ekrjk kd`hk
ekds iartn irn`tn kas irnqun`tkharns hn jd`nek. K pëld`k d`djdkc hnvnrdk hkr
prapd`ks ätdjks pkrk qun as iês d`iarekssne snus n`hnrnìas hn n-ekdc?
–Vnldstrn snu n`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc n ja`jarrk k ue ok`tkr jae uek
supnrnstrnck―. Jnrtken`tn, vajï pahnrdk jrdkr hnzn`ks hn apartu`dhkhns
ktrkn`tns qun eatdvkrdke ks pnssaks k iar`njnr snus n`hnrnìas hn n-ekdc.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca Zntn, jrdn uek –jaeu`dhkhn―, ue útdea
culkr pkrk sn vdsdtkr n n`vacvk-sn. Dekld`n a pahnr hn hkr kas iês k
passdfdcdhkhn hn kjaepk`mkr k prahuìêa hn ue idcen hurk`tn ensns n jrdkr
n`tusdksea pkrk kssdstd-ca `kquncn nspnjdkc ide hn snek`k hn ck`ìken`ta.
Xuha lrëtds pnck D`tnr`nt. Zne justas hn eåhdk.
@êa departk a qun vajï vn`hn, skdfk qun pahn encmarkr a rnckjda`ken`ta
 jae snus ja`suedharns usk`ha k D`tnr`nt. Eks a departk`tn ä ikznr
ja`stk`tns nsiarìas hn iaccaw-up jae snus ja`suedharns ‚ nspnjdkcen`tn
jae kquncns qun `êa jaeprkrke `khk kd`hk.

Rrnpkrn-sn pkrk ue Útdea Iaccaw-^p

Vnlrk? Znu iaccaw-up ä kpn`ks têa fae quk`ta snus prdendras snds pkssas n
vajï hnvnrdk ja`sdhnrkr snu iaccaw-up hurk`tn jkhk pkssa ha prajnssa hn
vn`hks.
Kqud nstêa as afontdvas n pnrlu`tks qun hnvnrdke ludë-ca ne jkhk ue has
pkssas ha prajnssa?

Jrdn rnckìþns hn ja`idk`ìk.

ja`idk`ìk. [un entks praidssda`kds qun vajï
pnrjnfnu hurk`tn k rnu`dêa1 Jaea vajï pahnrdk kouhkr as jcdn`tns
patn`jdkds k ktd`ldr nssks entks1 K qun pnqun`ks jurdasdhkhns
pnssakds, d`tnrnssns ne jaeue au mdstúrdks n`lrkìkhks vajï
pahnrdk rninrdr-sn ekds tkrhn pkrk cnefrë-ca hn snu vå`juca1
[ukcdidqun n nstkfncnìk `njnssdhkhn.
`njnssdhkhn. Yajï n`tn`hn ks `njnssdhkhns
n afontdvas hn snu jcdn`tn patn`jdkc1 [ukds sêa snus prafcneks ekds
urln`tns n jaea vajï pahnrdk kouhë-cas k sacujda`kr nssks
qunstþns1
Ja`struk vkcar.
vkcar. [ukds sêas as pa`tas `nvrëcldjas qun pahne
kuen`tkr snu hnsnoa1 [ukc ä a pa`ta prafcneëtdja qun vajï pahn
uskr pkrk cnefrë-cas ha par qun jaeprkrke n parqun hnvnrdke
ja`td`ukr jaeprk`ha kd`hk ekds hn vajï1 Cnefrn-sn hn qun k
ekdardk hks pnssaks `kturkcen`tn sn kikstk has prafcneks n vêa ka

n`ja`tra
Ja`strukhnvkcar.
sacuìþns.
vkcar . [ukds sêas as pa`tas `nvrëcldjas qun pahne
kuen`tkr snu hnsnoa1 [ukc ä a pa`ta prafcneëtdja qun vajï pahn
uskr pkrk cnefrë-cas ha par qun jaeprkrke n par qun hnvnrdke
ja`td`ukr jaeprk`ha kd`hk ekds hn vajï1 Cnefrn-sn qun k ekdardk
hks pnssaks `kturkcen`tn lrkvdtke ca`ln hn prafcneks ne fusjk
hn sacuìþns.
 K`ucn ks afonìþns.
afonìþns. [ukds sêa suks afonìþns n jaea vajï pahn
 hndxë-cas trk`qudcas1
 Injmken`ta hn vn`hk.
vn`hk. A qun as cnvau k injmkr k vn`hk1

[uk`ta ekds nidjkz vajï iar n quk`ta ekds d`iarekìþns jacntkr `as pkssas
; k 9, ekdar snrë a kcjk`jn hn suk pn`ntrkìêa jae a iaccaw-up.
[uk`ha nu nrk ha`a hn uek klï`jdk hn pufcdjdhkhn, td`mk jaea jcdn`tn

uek rnvdstk. Jae a afontdva hn ikznr pnsqudsks pkrk nssn jcdn`tn, `ús
jmkekeas ka `assa nsjrdtúrda vn`hnharns hn rnvdstks ja`jarrn`tns pkrk
praeavnr snus prahutas. Hnssk iarek, pahnråkeas vnr a tkek`ma hk
ja`jarrï`jdk jae k qukc `assa jcdn`tn tnrdk hn n`irn`tkr. Kqud nstë jaea ncns
idznrke suk prapklk`hk?

A ja`jarrn`tn D ikcau safrn suk rnvdstk.

A ja`jarrn`tn DD ikcau safrn suk rnvdstk.
A ja`jarrn`tn DDD ikcau safrn suk rnvdstk.
A ja`jarrn`tn DY ikcau safrn suk rnvdstk.

Nu nstkvk kfdsekha, `êa ja`snludk kjrnhdtkr qun `n`mue has

rnprnsn`tk`tns en inz qukcqunr pnrlu`tk. @a encmar hks mdpútnsns, dssa nrk
uek tn`tktdvk
[uk`ha irkjk jadsk
k ÿ`djk hn vn`hk.
qun vajï ikz ä ikckr safrn a prahuta au snrvdìa qun
vajï nstë vn`hn`ha, qukc ä k ÿ`djk jadsk `k qukc vajï pahn sn iajkr ne snu
iaccaw-up1 @êa më eudta ekds k hdznr `k jkrtk ha qun? –Afrdlkha pnca `assa
n`ja`tra n, k prapúsdta, nu cmn hdssn qun `assa prahuta ä eudta fae1― @êa
më apartu`dhkhn pkrk ue iaccaw-up hn qukcdhkhn parqun vajï `êa hnsjafrdu
`khk safrn ede, enus prafcneks au enus jrdtärdas hn jaeprk. K jkrtk hn
iaccaw-up rnjnfnrë a ensea `åvnc hn d`tnrnssn ha jcdn`tn qun uek ekck hdrntk
hn ue tatkc hnsja`mnjdha. Ä hns`njnssërda hdznr qun trnd`nd, idz nxnrjåjdas hn
hrkektdzkìêa n hnd tnstns surprnsk hn iarek qun `assk nqudpn hn vn`hks
idznssn eudtks pnrlu`tks vactkhks k hnsjafrdr tahas as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk has
jcdn`tns n vërdks jurdasdhkhns praidssda`kds n pnssakds safrn ncns. [uk`ha
jmnlkrke k iksn hn rnkcdzkr a iaccaw-up, ed`mk nqudpn hn vn`hks oë td`mk
fkstk`tn d`iarekìêa.

;2 Rkssas pkrk ue Útdea Iaccaw-up

 Rkssa ; hn Iaccaw-up? N`vdk k Rrdendrk Jkrtk hn Iaccaw-
up

Zn vajï vn`hn F6F, n`vdn uek jkrtk ka snu jcdn`tn hn`tra hn uek au huks
marks kpús suk rnu`dêa. [uk`ha nu kd`hk nstkvk `k ruk, nu cdlkvk pkrk ed`mk
snjrntërdk hdrnta ha enu jkrra n hdtkvk uek jkrtk pkrk qun nck n`vdkssn par
ikx. Yajï kjmk qun a jcdn`tn idjkrdk deprnssda`kha ka rnjnfnr uek jkrtk hn
iaccaw-up ne en`as hn uek mark kpús `assa n`ja`tra, skfn`ha qun nu `êa
td`mk `ne jmnlkha hn vactk ka nsjrdtúrda1 Kqud nstë uek fak nstruturk pkrk
uek jkrtk hn iaccaw-up?

;. Jaenjn jae kcla pnssakc qun vajï sn cnefrn hk rnu`dêa.

Rar nxnepca? –K mdstúrdk qun vajï ja`tau safrn suk idcmk iad
útdek. Ne `assk prúxdek rnu`dêa, cmn ja`tkrnd autrk mdstúrdk
pkrnjdhk―.

6. D`jcuk ue ncalda.–Yajï jnrtken`tn pkrnjn tnr uek fak jaeprnn`sêa

Rar nxnepca?
hn jaea ikznr suk neprnsk kcjk`ìkr a sujnssa. Ncns tïe sartn hn
pahnr ja`tkr jae vajï―.

:. En`jda`n snus pa`tas `nvrëcldjas n iaqun-sn `as fn`niåjdas qun

snu prahuta au snrvdìa passk ainrnjnr k ncns.
Rar nxnepca? –Jae a hnskida qun vajï nstë n`jkrk`ha, nstë jckra
pkrk ede qun snds hn `assks eëqud`ks sêa nxktken`tn a qun vajï
prnjdsk. Yajï rnhuzdrë justas, kuen`tkrë k prahutdvdhkhn n, a ekds
departk`tn, kcdvdkrë a nstrnssn hn eudtks pnssaks. Nstau vn`ha a
quêa rëpdha pahnrneas rnsacvnr nssn ÿctdea åtne―.

8. ^sn uek hnspnhdhk pnssakc.

Rar nxnepca? –Ekds uek vnz, iad útdea ja`mnjï-ca. Xn`ma
kclueks dhndks safrn kclu`s autras kssu`tas hn prahutdvdhkhn qun
snd qun vajï lastkrë hn auvdr―.
 Kqud nstë uek jkrtk hn iaccaw-up rude?

 Rrnzkha Oan, pnca snu tnepa. Znd a quêa ajupkha vajï ä. @assks
Afrdlkha
eëqud`ks sêa útdeks. Jae `assk iarìk, `as tar`keas útdeas. @ús
saeas útdeas. Nu rnkcen`tn qunra ikznr `nlújdas jae vajï, n nstau

hdspasta k en nsiarìkr eudta pkrk ja`snludr dssa.

Yajï `êa sn krrnpn`hnrë hn jaeprkr `assas prahutas. Cdlkrnd pkrk
vajï ne frnvn pkrk vn`hnr ekds kclu`s prahutas.
 Ktn`jdasken`tn, Fnr`dn
Afvdken`tn, nssk jkrtk nstë nxklnrkhk, eks eudtks jkrtks hn vn`hks pahne
snr rnsuedhks kssde. Ncks jaenìke jae uek kfnrturk qun `êa ä pnssakc n
hnprnjdk a vn`hnhar. Jaea oë iad hdta, `u`jk pnìk hnsjucpks par taekr a
tnepa ha jcdn`tn. Yajï hnvn kjrnhdtkr qun snu tnepa tkefäe ä vkcdasa n qun
ncns tïe sartn hn pahnr ja`mnjï-ca parqun cmns praparjda`krë d`sdlmts n
sacuìþns departk`tns. @a n`tk`ta, `êa jacaqun tahk k ï`iksn ne vajï n ne
snus prahutas au snrvdìas jaea nstë `nstk jkrtk.
Ne snlu`ha culkr, nssk jkrtk nstë iajkhk `k vn`hk, `êa `a jcdn`tn. Yajï
pahn rnpntdr kas jcdn`tns patn`jdkds qun vajï ä útdea sne pkrkr, eks k en`as
qun vajï skdfk a eatdva pnca qukc ncns hnjdhne jaeprkr, vajï `êa injmkrë k
vn`hk. Iaqun-sn `ncns n `as fn`niåjdas qun snu prahuta au snrvdìa trkrë k
ncns.
Ne tnrjndra culkr, `êa më `khk kqud pkrk ikznr jae qun nssn jcdn`tn sn sd`tk
jktdvkha par vajï. Znok pnssakc. Faks jkrtks hn iaccaw-up tïe eudta ekds ha
qun ue pnqun`a taqun pnssakc. Cnefrn ka jcdn`tn patn`jdkc kcluek rdskhk
qun vajïs hnrke ou`tas au kcla qun ncn hdssn qun rnkcen`tn cmn tajau.
Jnrtk vnz ja`snlud rnkcdzkr a edcklrn hn ikckr par tncnia`n jae a vdjn-
prnsdhn`tn sï`dar hk ]nrax hurk`tn snu marërda hn kceaìa. Ja`vnrskeas
hurk`tn uek mark n enu jmnin `k äpajk idjkvk kpkrnjn`ha n en acmk`ha inda,
kjmk`ha qun nu nstkvk ne uek cdlkìêa pnssakc. Nstkvk rd`ha n ikck`ha safrn
k ed`mk vdhk. Enu jmnin jaenìau k idjkr jkhk vnz ekds zk`lkha,
nspnjdkcen`tn quk`ha nu cmn kjn`nd jae k eêa, jaea qune hdz? –Rkrn hn en
d`jaeahkr―. [uk`ha ncn vdu qun nu mkvdk hnscdlkha, en jmkeau ka snu
nsjrdtúrda n hdssn? –Jae qune rkdas vajï nstkvk ikck`ha1 Yajï idjau `a
tncnia`n par uek mark d`tndrk!― N rnspa`hd arlucmasa? –Nrk a vdjn-prnsdhn`tn
 sï`dar hk ]nrax―. Ncn ja`td`uau? –N qun rkdas vajï tne pkrk ikckr jae ncn
qun tn prn`hnrdk `a tncnia`n hurk`tn uek mark1!― N kqud nstkvk nu,
ekrkvdcmkha hn mkvnr ja`snludha ja`strudr ue vå`juca têa iartn qun nssn
nxnjutdva rnkcen`tn quds  ja`vnrskr jaedla hurk`tn uek mark.
quds ja`vnrskr
Ne snludhk, nsjrnvd uek jkrtk hn iaccaw-up, jmndk hn kssu`tas pnssakds
safrn `assk ja`vnrsk. Enu jmnin krrk`jau k jkrtk hks ed`mks eêas n hdssn

qun `êa nrk praidssda`kc kpraiu`hkr-en ne tk`tk d`iarekìêa pnssakc. N n`têa

ncn rnnsjrnvnu ed`mk jkrtk, tdrk`ha tahks ks rninrï`jdks pnssakds, n nck idjau
eudta pkrnjdhk jae a nxnepca eahnca hk jkrtk hn iaccaw-up rude. Ekds
tkrhn, quk`ha ncn iad nefark pkrk jksk, n`vdnd nsja`hdha ed`mk jkrtk ardld`kc
par ikx pkrk a jcdn`tn.
Xdvn eudtas ekc-n`tn`hdhas jae nssn jmnin ne pkrtdjuckr. Dssa ä, ktä nu
injmkr k ekdar vn`hk hk mdstúrdk hk neprnsk jae k ]nrax. Kpús injmkr
eudtks autrks vn`hks lrk`hns jaea nssk, enu jmnin pnredtdu qun nu idznssn
ks jadsks ha enu ondta. Eks hurk`tn a tnepa d`tndra qun trkfkcmnd `kqunck
neprnsk, `d`luäe en pnrlu`tau jaea nu nstkvk trkzn`ha tk`tas lrk`hns
jcdn`tns. Zn nssk neprnsk mauvnssn arlk`dzkha as wargsmaps hnsjrdtas `a
Jkpåtuca Xrïs, tahas tnrdke kprn`hdha tahas enus d`sdlmts. Yajï `atkrë qun
as iu`jda`ërdas ekds prahutdvas nstêa sneprn k`sdasas pkrk jaepkrtdcmkr
d`iarekìêa. Nu, pnca en`as, nstkvk eudta k`sdasa.
Zn vajï vn`hn F6J, tkcvnz `êa tn`mk k d`tnrkìêa pnssakc qun vajï tnrdk ne
uek sdtukìêa F6F. Eks ensea kssde vajï prnjdskrë hn uek jkrtk hn iaccaw-
up pnrsa`kcdzkhk. A n-ekdcs tar`ke dssa eudta iëjdc. Jaeprnd hads tnr`as
kclu`s hdks ktrës. A vn`hnhar `êa en inz eudtks pnrlu`tks, eks en`jda`nd
qun sau ue pkcnstrk`tn, n`têa ncn pnhdu enu jkrtêa hn vdsdtks. [uk`ha
jmnlund ne jksk `a id`kc ha hdk, idqund jmajkha n surprnsa ka vnr qun mkvdk
ue n-ekdc hncn. D`incdzen`tn, a n-ekdc prktdjken`tn rnpntdk pkckvrk par
pkckvrk a nxnepca hn iaccaw-up rude, eks nu nstkvk deprnssda`kha ensea
kssde.
Dssa ä ue nxnepca hn vn`hk k vkrnoa a`hn a iaccaw-up pahn snr d`stdtuåha.
@êa nstau jnrta sn nssk ä k `arek hk caok, eks en deprnssda`au. Zn më ue
vn`hnhar n`vacvdha, jaea `a nxnepca ha tnr`a, usn k nstruturk qun
pravdhn`jdnd. A vn`hnhar hnvnrdk tnr en pnrlu`tkha eudta ekds. Hnssk
iarek, snu iaccaw-up tnrdk sn jkpdtkcdzkha ne ed`mks rnspastks, jaenìk`ha
jae kclue jaen`tërda pnssakc. Ikìk jae qun as jcdn`tns sn sd`tke fne
safrn ncns enseas. Hdlkeas qun ncn tdvnssn en pnrlu`tkha safrn qun tdpa hn
 pkcnstrks qun ikìa. @nssn jksa, ncn pahnrdk tnr hdta kcla jaea? –Kharnd auvdr
safrn as kssu`tas hn suks pkcnstrks. Hnvn snr lrktdidjk`tn pahnr jaepkrtdcmkr
d`iarekìþns têa d`tnrnssk`tns
pahnrdk tnr klrnlkha jae as
vkcar hdzn`ha? ha`asjnrtnzk
–Xn`ma hn `nlújdas―. Ne snludhk,
qun kquncns ncn
tnr`as ikrêa
vajï eudta fne vnstdha `k suk pkcnstrk―.
Klark, dekld`n sn nssk caok hn tnr`as tdvnssn ue pralrkek hn idhncdhkhn

au, encmar kd`hk, sn ainrnjnssn uek –k`ëcdsn hn lukrhk-raupks― au ue

pralrkek hn –vdstk-sn pkrk a sujnssa―. N n`têa taha n-ekdc qun n`vdkssne
pahnrdk ja`tnr d`iarekìþns vkcdasks pkrk ede, ek`tn`ha-en ktukcdzkha jae
ks ÿctdeks `avdhkhns n d`sdlmts hn eahk. Dssa ä kpcdjëvnc ne prktdjken`tn
qukcqunr tdpa hn sdtukìêa hn vkrnoa, jae k nxjnìêa hn ekrgntd`l hn ekssk.
Zn vajï vn`hn jkrras, pahn n`vdkr facntd`s d`iarektdvas jae hdjks hn jaea
hdrdldr fne, hdjks hn snlurk`ìk au d`sdlmts hn ek`utn`ìêa hn jaea prnsnrvkr
k d`tnlrdhkhn enjæ`djk hn snu vnåjuca. Jrdn ue rnckjda`ken`ta jae a
ja`suedhar. Zn vajï vn`hn oadks, vajï pahnrdk n`vdkr d`iarekìþns safrn
jaea ek`tï-cks cdepks, qun tdpas hn oadks tar`ke-sn ekds vkcdasks jae a
tnepa, ks ÿctdeks `avdhkhns hn eahk n d`sdlmts ha qun vnstdr jae
hntnred`khk oadk. Znok ue nspnjdkcdstk ne suk ërnk n ainrnìk nxjncn`tns
d`sdlmts kas snus jcdn`tns.
Hdlkeas qun vajï tn`mk ue qudasqun hn jaseätdjas ne uek rn`aekhk
caok hn hnpkrtken`ta a`hn ks vn`hnharks ainrnjne tnstns hn ekqudklne n
tne kssde uek ekrkvdcmask apartu`dhkhn hn jrdkr vå`jucas jae ks jcdn`tns.
Zn vajï kcluek vnz oë tnvn uek nxpnrdï`jdk hn nstätdjk, jaea, par nxnepca,
`k caok @arhstrae, vajï rnjnfnu kclue iaccaw-up hncns1 Yajï oë rnjnfnu
hdjks hn ekqudklne hnssks neprnsks1 Kcluek vnz oë tn`tkrke tar`ë-ca idnc â
ekrjk hn iarek qun vajï sú qundrk ue tdpa nspnjåidja hn ekqudklne1
Zn vajï vn`hn fkrjas, qun tkc iar`njnr hdjks hn vncnokr, hdjks hn snlurk`ìk
n sulnstþns hn culkrns pkrk vdsdtkr hn fkrja ‚ tuha dssa ä d`iarekìêa vkcdask.
@êa nxdstn `n`muek ërnk hn `nlújdas a`hn `êa sn passk ja`strudr ue vå`juca
eudta ekds iartn jae snu jcdn`tn ha qun jae ue nxtrkarhd`ërda iaccaw-up.
Ktä qune ikz ekrgntd`l hn ekssk, jaea a \kc-Ekrt, pahnrdk hkr ue
pkssa kcäe, hdspa`dfdcdzk`ha `atåjdks n d`sdlmts safrn prahutas, kcnrtks pkrk
as ja`suedharns n autrks d`iarekìþns vkcdasks ‚ `êa kpn`ks vn`hnr, eks
ainrnjnr kcla qun a jcdn`tn vkcardzkrë. Rar nxnepca, n`quk`ta nsjrnva nssn
cdvra, a \kc-Ekrt nstë praeavn`ha uek d`djdktdvk d`tn`sk pkrk ainrnjnr ekds
kcden`tas arlæ`djas. Rarqun `êa n`vdkr n-ekdcs ainrnjn`ha d`sdlmts safrn
 kcden`tas arlæ`djas1 Rravkvncen`tn më eudtas nstuhas safrn dssa qun snrdke
hn d`tnrnssn n vkcar kas ja`suedharns. N taha jkdxk pahnrdk ainrnjnr uek
prapd`k
vajï `asätdjk `a eaen`ta
d`iarekr hk jaeprk
snu n`hnrnìa pkrk aftnr
hn n-ekdc, `ús n`hnrnìas hn n-ekdc?
cmn n`vdkrneas –Zn
ue vkcn
prnsn`tn (par n-ekdc) hn $> vëcdha ne qukcqunr caok \kc-Ekrt―. Jnrtken`tn,
ktd`ldr taha jcdn`tn ha \kc-Ekrt vdk n-ekdc vkcnrdk $>. Kcäe hdssa, as jcdn`tns

tkcvnz vêa â caok nspnjdkcen`tn pkrk uskr kquncn vkcn k`tns hk hktk hn
nxpdrkìêa n tkcvnz ktä lkstne ue pauja ekds hn hd`mndra par kcla qun `ne
tnrdke jaeprkha sn `êa tdvnssne dha cë.
Rn`sn safrn k nja`aedk `as justas ka ktd`ldr ks pnssaks vdk D`tnr`nt ne
vnz hn uskr pk`icntas, ekcks hdrntks, tncnvdsêa au rëhda. Dekld`n a pahnr hn
tnr ;22 edcmþns hn n`hnrnìas hn n-ekdc. Eks, ne vnz hn kpn`ks usë-cas pkrk
n`vdkr kvdsas hn ainrtks, n`vdn kssu`tas qun snoke cdhas ‚ d`iarekìþns hn
vkcar. N n`têa, vajï pahnrë tkefäe en`jda`kr uek lrk`hn ainrtk. A \kc-
Ekrt sn nsiarìk eudta pkrk hndxkr as prnìas ekds fkdxas qun qukcqunr ue.
Dekld`n ue n-ekdc qun hdlk? –Jaea `ús `nlajdkeas jae k Za`y pkrk cmn
trkznr nssk lrk`hn ainrtk―. N n`têa a n-ekdc pahnrdk snr ue krtdla eastrk`ha
jaea a \kc-Ekrt `nlajdk ne `aen hn snus ja`suedharns pkrk ek`tnr as
prnìas fkdxas. Nssn tdpa hn n-ekdc pahnrdk ou`tkr kssu`tas hn d`tnrnssn jae
d`iarekìþns hn ainrtks.
D`hnpn`hn`tn ha qun vajï vn`hk n pkrk qune, tahk neprnsk pahn encmarkr
eudta snu iaccaw-up. Nstkeas ne uek `avk nrk n tk`tks neprnsks pnrhne
nssks apartu`dhkhns.

 Nxnrjåjda
Jrdn uek jkrtk hn iaccaw-up qun snok ue eahnca pkrk snu prahuta
au snrvdìa.hnZndhndks
wargsmap vajï hn
iarekrgntd`l
uek neprnsk vactkhk âs
d`iarektdva pkrkekssks, ikìk qun
ikznr jae ue
nssns n-ekdcs snoke cdhas. Zn vajï trkfkcmk jae F6F, usn a iarekta
pravdhn`jdkha kfkdxa pkrk jrdkr ue eahnca pkrk snu prdendra n-
ekdc hn iaccaw-up.
As pkssas k snludr sêa vactkhas nspnjdkcen`tn pkrk nsiarìas hn
vn`hks hdrntks, a`hn ue vn`hnhar tn`tk ja`strudr ue
 rnckjda`ken`ta hn ca`la prkza jae ue ja`suedhar, eks eudtas
has ja`jndtas pahne tkefäe nstdeuckr dhndks pkrk ue pÿfcdja
eudta lrk`hn.

Rkssa 6 hn Iaccaw-up? Ikìk a Rrdendra Xncnia`nek hn

Iaccaw-up
A tncnia`nek hn iaccaw-up hnvnrdk snr indta cala kpús a n`vda hk jkrtk.
Hnvnrdk ainrnjnr kcla hn vkcar, kcla qun `êa prnjdsn `njnsskrdken`tn
fn`nidjdkr suk neprnsk hdrntken`tn. Yajï nssk tn`tk`ha jrdkr ue vå`juca jae
snu jcdn`tn, n`têa nssn iaccaw-up `êa prnjdsk vn`hnr `khk k ncns. Dssa ä
kfsacutken`tn jråtdja sn vajï vn`hn F6F. Yajï pahnrdk cdlkr n hdznr? –Ad
Ode. Nu pn`snd ue pauja ekds safrn as hnskidas qun vajï nstë n`irn`tk`ha, n
kjma qun tn`ma uek útdek dhndk pkrk sacujda`ë-cas―. @a jksa hn F6J, pahn
snr uek cdlkìêa jae ue cnefrntn, ainrnjn`ha ekds d`iarekìêa au jae ue
ja`vdtn pkrk ue nvn`ta nspnjdkc kjaepk`mkha hn ue kedla.
Zn vajï trkfkcmk jae F6F n tnvn uek fak rnu`dêa, hnvnrdk klark nstkr
trkfkcmk`ha pkrk pn`ntrkr `k nqudpn hn snu jcdn`tn jaea kcluäe qun trkz
suidjdn`tn vkcar pkrk qun ncns cmn pnredtke n`trkr `a snu eu`ha. Ä kssde qun
en tar`nd a iu`jda`ërda ekds prahutdva ne tahks ks neprnsks `ks qukds
trkfkcmnd. Xar`nd-en ue ja`trdfudhar têa vkcdasa qun nrk jaea sn nu iassn
autra iu`jda`ërda ne suks nqudpns. Nu as kouhkvk k n`ja`trkr tkcn`tas, jrdkr
k`ÿ`jdas ekds nidjkzns, encmarkr k pnriarek`jn ne indrks neprnskrdkds, ikznr
ja`tktas jae autrks neprnsks qun pahnrdke kouhë-cas, n kssde par hdk`tn.
Ncns hdzdke? –Ykeas cdlkr pkrk a Jmnt n vnr a qun ncn pn`sk safrn dssa―. Nu
td`mk tatkc ja`tracn safrn ed`mk jkrtndrk hn jcdn`tns n `u`jk pnrhd ue snqunr k
kclue ja`jarrn`tn. Rar autra ckha, sn suk rnu`dêa `êa iad eudta fak, suk
ÿ`djk
Nenspnrk`ìk snrë ue
jksas hn F6J, iaccaw-up
k encmar hnkautra
ainrtk eu`ha.
sn ikznr ne uek cdlkìêa hn iaccaw-up
pahnrdk snr kcla d`iarektdva. Zn vajï vn`hn jacjmþns n raupk hn jkek, qukds
snrdke jd`ja hdjks pkrk haredr encmar1 Zn vajï vn`hn eúvnds, pahn ainrnjnr
hdjks hn hnjarkìêa1 As nxnepcas F6J tkcvnz `êa rnqundrke ue tncnia`nek,
eks ka ja`td`uken`tn nstkfncnjnr-sn jaea a nspnjdkcdstk, vajï ikrë pkrtn ha
prajnssa hn hnjdsêa hn jaeprks ha snu jcdn`tn `k suk ërnk. Znus jcdn`tns
 pahnrêa cdlkr pkrk vajï pnhd`ha ja`sncmas sn hnvne jaeprkr ue `ava tnr`a
ne suk caok hn tnr`as au a qun apìêa hn ok`tkr ncns hnvnrdke pnhdr hk suk
neprnsk hn fuiint pkrk snrvdr ne suk prúxdek instk. Kcäe hdssa, pn`sn safrn
a kuen`ta hn d`hdjkìþns. @u`jk tdvn ue rnckjda`ken`ta jae ue vn`hnhar
hn tnr`as, eks më vn`hnharns qun sêa têa nspnjdkcdzkhas, qun snus jcdn`tns
ja`stk`tnen`tn as rnjaen`hke pkrk snus kedlas. As nspnjdkcdstks rnjnfnrêa

trïs vnzns ekds d`hdjkìþns qun as –vn`hnharns―.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë a snu snlu`ha iaccaw-up pkhrêa kpús k jaeprk1 [un
ratndra vajï uskrë ne snu tncnia`nek1 K`atn kclueks dhndks. A qun
vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr qun ä hn vkcar ka jcdn`tn1

Rkssa : hn Iaccaw-up? Jaepkrtdcmn Kcla Hdvnrtdha au hn

D`tnrnssn Rnssakc
Ja`iaren vajï kprn`hnu `a Jkpåtuca Hnz, vajï nstkfncnjnrë ue vå`juca
ka ca`la ha prajnssa hn vn`hks hn iarek qun passk utdcdzkr kfarhkln`s
sdedckrns. Jaea iad en`jda`kha `nstn jkpåtuca, n`vdn uek tdrd`mk hn
qukhrd`mas au uek krtdla qun vajï skfn qun snrë hn d`tnrnssn k ncns. N
ensea qun a ÿ`dja afontdva snok kpn`ks ikzï-cas sarrdr au hkr uek
lkrlkcmkhk, dssa iartkcnjnrë kquncn vå`juca n ek`tnrë snu pasdjda`ken`ta
tap-ai-ed`h. Rartk`ta, n`vdn kclueks jadsks hn d`tnrnssn k ncns tahas as
ensns. @êa vn`hk7 kpn`ks oalun ja`vnrsk iark.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë snu tnrjndra iaccaw-up pkhrêa hnpads qun a ja`suedhar
jaeprkr kcla au hnpads hkquncn prdendra n`ja`tra1 Rn`sn safrn
snus ekdarns jcdn`tns. A qun vajï pahnrdk n`vdkr k ncns qun as
 n`trntnrdk au as d`tnrnsskrdk1 Nsjrnvk ue fdcmntn qun vajï pahnrdk
n`vdkr ou`ta jae dssa hn iarek k ek`tï-ca ne uek pasdìêa tap-ai-
ed`h.

Rkssa 8 hn Iaccaw-^p? Arlk`dzn uek Instk, Jaepkrtdcmn

uek Vnindìêa n Jrdn Yå`jucas Hnskfkckhken`tn

Zn a snu `nlújda iar F6F au F6J, arlk`dzkr uek instk ä uek hks encmarns
ek`ndrks hn jrdkr vå`jucas. Yactn ka Jkpåtuca Zntn pkrk vnr nxktken`tn jaea
ikznr dssa.
Jaepkrtdcmkr uek rnindìêa jae snus jcdn`tns ä autrk útdek ek`ndrk hn
jrdkr vå`jucas. Kqud nstë a å`hdjn hn nidjëjdk ha vå`juca?
Jkiä hk Ek`
Jkiä Ek`mê?
mê? Fa
Fakk ap
apart
artu`d
u`dhkh
hkhnn hn iar
iartkc
tkcnjn
njnrr rnck
rnckjda
jda`ke
`ken`t
n`tas.
as.
Kceaìa? Fak apartu`dhkhn hn iartkcnjnr rnckjda`ken`tas.
Ok`tkr? Útdek apartu`dhkhn
Útdek  apartu`dhkhn hn iartkcnjnr rnckjda`ken`tas.

Yajï prnjdsk n`trkr hn ek`sd`ma ne suks vdhks. @êa prnssda`n eudta.

Rrnjdsk hdsjnr`dr qukc snrë a ja`vdtn khnqukha pkrk jkhk sdtukìêa. ^ek
ek`ndrk hn ikznr dssa ä ainrnjnr ue fø`us. Kqud nstë ue ratndra qun vajï
pahn uskr? –Idz kclueks pnsqudsks safrn k suk d`hÿstrdk n hnsjafrd kclueks
jadsks d`tnrnssk`tns. Zn puhnreas `as rnu`dr pkrk ue jkiä hk ek`mê au
kceaìa, eastrkrnd k vajï ue fajkha hnssks d`iarekìþns―.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë snu qukrta iaccaw-up pkhrêa hnpads hn a ja`suedhar
jaeprkr kcla1 Zn dssa snrë uek rnindìêa, jaea vajï as ja`vdhkrë1
Nsjrnvk snu ratndra pkrk uskr `a tncnia`n klark. Zn trkfkcmkr jae
F6J, a qun ekds vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr kas snus jcdn`tns1 ^e
ja`tkhar au ja`suctar id`k`jndra pahnrdk ainrnjnr ue jkiä hk
ek`mê trdenstrkc pkrk n`sd`kr kas jcdn`tns safrn faks nstrktäldks
pkrk ek`tnr n kuen`tkr snu jkpdtkc. A qun vajï pahnrdk ainrnjnr
qun iassn hn vkcar pkrk snus jcdn`tns1
 Rkssa > hn Iaccaw-up? N`vdn Autra Ikx/N-
ekdc/Jkrtk/Jkrtêa

Zn vajï kcjk`ìkr uek pnrjnpìêa tap-ai-ed`h, `êa pahn hndxkr dssa cmn
nsjkpkr hks eêas. Jae ue iaccaw-up d`d`tnrrupta vajï `u`jk pnrhnrë ue
jcdn`tn ka snu ja`jarrn`tn. Zn kjkfau hn kceaìkr jae snu jcdn`tn au sn ncn
iad k uek instk au nvn`ta qun vajï pktrajd`au, ikìk ue iaccaw-up denhdkta
jae autrk jkrtk. Kqud nstë ue nxnepca?

 Rrnzkhk Lkdc?
Yajï iad uek útdek jaepk`mdk ne `assa kceaìa. [une en hnrk
qun tahas enus jcdn`tns tdvnssne snu sn`sa hn muear.
 Idqund d`trdlkha jae suks dhndks safrn ekck hdrntk, partk`ta nstau
 pravdhn`jdk`ha k rnkcdzkìêa hn ekds pnsqudsks. Kvdskrnd-cmn kssde as
rnsuctkhas skdrne. N`quk`ta dssa, idqun ca`ln hks k`jmavks.

 Ktn`jdasken`tn, Gnvd`
 Ktn`jdasken`tn,    Gnvd`
Nssks jkrtks prnjdske snr jurtks n d`tnrnssk`tns. Znok pnssakc, hï ncaldas n
hdlk k ncns qukc snrë a prúxdea pkssa hn snu rnckjda`ken`ta. K jkrtk hn
Gnvd` â Lkdc k d`iarek qun ncn hkrë a prúxdea pkssa ka ikznr kclueks
pnsqudsks khdjda`kds n qun k kvdskrë quk`ha as rnsuctkhas skårne. K nssk
kcturk, ncn oë prnpkrau a jked`ma pkrk jaepkrtdcmkr autrk rnindìêa jae nck hn
iarek qun passk kprnsn`të-ck nssk d`iarekìêa.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë snu qud`ta iaccaw-up pkhrêa hnpads qun a ja`suedhar
jaeprkr1 Nsjrnvk uek jkrtk qun snrdk ue iaccaw-up pnrindta pkrk
ue kceaìa, uek instk au ue n`ja`tra.
 Rkssa 9 hn Iaccaw-up? Rck`non Kcla Hdvnrtdha [un Rassk
D`jcudr k Ikeåcdk
Zn vajï trkfkcmk jae F6F n snus jcdn`tns sêa lrk`hns a suidjdn`tn pkrk
vkcnr k pn`k, pahn ja`vdhë-cas pkrk ou`tkr-sn k vajï ne ktdvdhkhns hdvnrtdhks

jaea vncnokr, oalkr tï`ds, hkr pkssndas hn fkcêa hn kr qun`tn au hn enrlucma.

Oë idz tuha dssa n ue pauja ekds. [uk`ta ekds enearëvnc n hdvnrtdhk iar k
nxpnrdï`jdk, ekdar snrë k prafkfdcdhkhn hn qun a jcdn`tn `êa kpn`ks kjndtn a
ja`vdtn, eks qun ikckrë safrn ncn k tnrjndras. Yajï nstë jaenìk`ha k ikznr
pkrtn hn suks vdhks. Ne uek ja`inrï`jdk `a Mkvkå, kculkeas ue jktkekrê n
cnvkeas :2 jcdn`tns pkrk ue pkssnda jae hrd`gs n kpnrdtdvas. Iad uek
nxpnrdï`jdk d`jråvnc hn d`tnrkìêa. Nu trauxn jd`ja vn`hnharns jaedla n
jaeprkeas újucas nsjuras hn frd`qunha eudta jøedjas qun td`mke
pkcendrks skd`ha hncns. N`têa tdrkeas iatas hn `assas jcdn`tns usk`ha as
újucas n ks hdstrdfuåeas `k ja`inrï`jdk.
Ne autrk indrk neprnskrdkc (a`hn as jcdn`tns nstkvke tahas rnu`dhas ne
ue sú culkr), arlk`dzkeas uek `adtn ne nstdca jkssd`a n idzneas hd`mndra hn
pkpnc jae k iata hn jkhk ue has jcdn`tns `ks `atks. Ncns jurtdrke tk`ta
kquncns húckrns ikcsas qun kjkfkrke cnvk`ha-as pkrk jksk pkrk eastrkr âs
suks ikeåcdks.
Yajï pahn ja`vdhkr snus jcdn`tns pkrk kssdstdr k uek pnìk hn tnktra au dr k
ue pdqun`dqun. Zn snu `nlújda iar F6J, pahn arlk`dzkr lrk`hns inssks au
jaeprkr pkjatns hn d`lrnssas pkrk ue smaw hn jaeähdk, ue nvn`ta nspartdva
au ue smaw hn eÿsdjk. A afontdva ä ikznr pkrtn hk vdhk hn snus jcdn`tns.
Rn`sn ne kcla k`dekha qun vajïs passke ikznr ou`tas. Xkcvnz snok `kturkc
pkrk vajï ikznr nssks jadsks, eks sn `êa iar au sn vajï tdvnr vn`hnharns,
prnjdsk d`jarparkr nssks kìþns ne snus prajnhden`tas.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë snu snxta iaccaw-up pkhrêa1 Ikìk uek cdstk jae ;2
nvn`tas hdvnrtdhas qun vajï pahnrdk ikznr jae snus jcdn`tns n suks
ikeåcdks. Nsjrnvk uek jkrtk au ue ratndra pkrk uskr ka tncnia`n
 jae a qukc vajï pahnrë ja`vdhkr snus jcdn`tns k nssns nvn`tas.

Rkssa < hn Iaccaw-up? Ainrnjnr Kcla pkrk Kouhë-cas ne

Znus @nlújdas

Yajï pahnrdk snr a rnd au rkd`mk ha `ntwargd`l1 Útdeks neprnsks sneprn

prajurke ek`ndrks hn ikznr snus jcdn`tns kcjk`ìkrne a sujnssa. Yajï pahnrdk
ja`njtkr hads jcdn`tns n jrdkr ue `ntwarg hn d`hdjkìþns1 [uk`ha `ús
vn`håkeas k`ÿ`jdas, jastueëvkeas ou`tkr neprnsks prd`jdpdk`tns jae
neprnsks eudta ekdarns n oë ja`sacdhkhks. Dssa `arekcen`tn rnsuctkvk ne
rnckjda`ken`tas vkcdasas pkrk kefas as pckynrs. Rar nssn eatdva, enus
jcdn`tns sneprn ktn`hdke ed`mks cdlkìþns ‚ sneprn. Jaea ncns `u`jk skfdke
qun `avdhkhn d`tnrnssk`tn nu ainrnjnrdk hkqunck vnz, ncns sneprn en
ktn`hdke fne n ktä idjkvke `k nxpnjtktdvk has enus tncnia`neks. Znok ue
rnjursa.
Yajï pahnrdk iar`njnr kcluek dhndk pkrk kouhkr snus jcdn`tns k aftnr
sujnssa1 Kjdek hn tuha, kouhn a jcdn`tn. [une skfn kssde vajï passk ktä
vn`hnr ekds prahutas au snrvdìas `a prajnssa.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë a snu sätdea iaccaw-up pkhrêa1 Rn`sn safrn snus ekdarns
jcdn`tns. Jaea vajï pahnrdk kouhë-cas k encmarkr snus `nlújdas1
Mkvnrdk kcluek ek`ndrk hn ja`njtkr hads au ekds hncns hn iarek
qun snrdk fn`äidja k tahas1

Rkssa = hn Iaccaw-up? N`vdn Autra Ikx/N-

ekdc/Jkrtk/Jkrtêa
Znu jcdn`tn prnjdsk rnjnfnr `atåjdks suks têa irnqun`tnen`tn qun vajïs
idjkrêa pnrek`n`tnen`tn ne ja`tkta. Ja`td`un n`vdk`ha fdcmntns n pdkhks.
Zn vajï sn tar`kssn a encmar kedla hn kclue hn snus jcdn`tns, snrdk `kturkc
 ja`td`ukr ikzn`ha nssks jadsks.

 Nxnrjåjda

[ukc snrë snu adtkva iaccaw-up pkhrêa1 Nsjrnvk autrk jkrtk qun
vajï pahnrë n`vdkr hnpads hn mkvnr kouhkha k encmarkr snus
`nlújdas hn kcluek ek`ndrk.

Rkssa 4 hn Iaccaw-up? Ainrnìk Ekds Kouhk Rkrk Aftnr

Zujnssa
A qun ekds vajï pahn ikznr pkrk kouhkr snus jcdn`tns aftnrne sujnssa1
Xkcvnz vajï passk cnvë-cas k kcluek pkcnstrk au hkr uek pkcnstrk ne suks
prúprdks neprnsks. Rahn hkr k ncns ue jursa hn trnd`ken`ta safrn kclue
kssu`ta jae a qukc nstêa tn`ha hdidjuchkhns au qun kouhkrdk snus `nlújdas.
Yajï pahn kouhë-cas k n`ja`trkr `avas iu`jda`ërdas au kcnrtë-cas safrn
departk`tns tn`hï`jdks `a enrjkha. @ús nstkeas trkfkcmk`ha jae uek
ikeask jkhndk hn rnstkurk`tns qun nstë ainrnjn`ha snssþns hn –kceajn n
kprn`hk― k ha`as hn `nlújdas jaea uek ek`ndrk hn jrdkr encmarns vå`jucas
jae ks neprnsks ne suk ërnk. Dssa hë k ncns uek hnsjucpk pkrk cdlkr kas
ha`as hn `nlújdas n ja`vdhë-cas k ikznr kcla cnlkc. Zn vajï kjmk qun
trnd`ken`ta hn vn`hks, hn ekrgntd`l au hn lnrn`jdken`ta snrdk vkcdasa pkrk
snu jcdn`tn, n vajï puhnssn ou`tkr ue lrupa au ktä ainrnjnr kcla vdk D`tnr`nt,
vajï n`ja`trkrdk eudtks neprnsks hn trnd`ken`ta hdspastks k hdspa`dfdcdzkr
kclue ja`tnÿha pkrk vajï jaea iarek hn lk`mkr ekds hdvuclkìêa. (K ed`mk
neprnsk jnrtken`tn pahnrdk.)
K nssk kcturk, vajï nstkrë sn tar`k`ha ue vkcdasa rnjursa n ue ja`idëvnc
ja`idhn`tn kas snus jcdn`tns jae nssn `a`a pkssa. Dssa lnrk uek nxjnpjda`kc
idhncdhkhn par pkrtn ha jcdn`tn, hn iarek qun snus jcdn`tns sn`tdrêa jaea sn
nstdvnssne jaentn`ha uek trkdìêa pnssakc sn jaeprkrne hn ue ja`jarrn`tn.
K idhncdhkhn hkrë k vajï ue ja`tracn sne dlukc `k suk pkrtdjdpkìêa hn
enrjkha n a kouhkrë k idjkr par hn`tra hn tuha a qun snu jcdn`tn nstë
 pn`sk`ha. Oë qun ä têa jkra jkpturkr `avas jcdn`tns `a eu`ha hn maon, a qun
vajï pahn ikznr pkrk nstkfncnjnr ue vå`juca d`qunfrëvnc1

 Nxnrjåjda

[ukc ä snu `a`a prajnhden`ta hn iaccaw-up1 K`atn kclueks apìþns

hn ja`inrï`jdks au jursas hn trnd`ken`ta qun vajï pahnrë ainrnjnr kas
snus jcdn`tns. A qun vajï pahnrë ikznr pkrk lkrk`tdr suk pasdìêa jaea
ue rnjursa vkcdasa n jaea ue ja`idëvnc ja`idhn`tn1

Rkssa ;2 hn Iaccaw-up? A Iaccaw-up Hnid`dtdva7 Ja`vdhn-

as â Zuk Jksk au Znok Ja`vdhkha â Jksk Hncns
[uk`ha vajï as rnjnfn ne suk jksk au vdjn-vnrsk, skfnrë qun tnrë
rnkcdzkha ue nxjncn`tn iaccaw-up. Kqud nstêa kclueks jdtkìþns rnvnckharks
hn iu`jda`ërdas kctken`tn prahutdvas safrn k departæ`jdk hnstn pkssa?

–Xaha jcdn`tn departk`tn qun tn`ma oë ok`tau ne ed`mk jksk―.

–Entkhn has ja`vdhkhas ne enu jksken`ta nrke enus jcdn`tns―.
–Hnshn snus sa`mas, kas snus maffdns, kas maffdns hn snus idcmas, nu snd
tuha safrn enus jcdn`tns ekds departk`tns―.

 Nxnrjåjda
[ukc snrë snu häjdea prajnhden`ta hn iaccaw-up pkhrêa1 Jaea
vajï ja`vdhkrë snus jcdn`tns â suk jksk1 A qun vajï pahnrë ikznr
ne suk jksk qun snrdk drrnsdståvnc hnekds pkrk rnjuskr1 Yajï pahnrë
arlk`dzkr uek nxpasdìêa hn krtn n pnhdr k uek lkcnrdk cajkc pkrk
ea`tkr uek keastrk hn suks pnìks hn krtn nspkcmkhks pnck suk
jksk1 Yajï pahnrë hnskidkr ue rnstkurk`tn cajkc k prnpkrkr ue
fk`quntn laurent pkrk snu ok`tkr vdp1 Nsjrnvk uek jkrtk au ue
ratndra pkrk ue tncnia`nek qun snrdk kpraprdkha pkrk snu jcdn`tn
 ekds departk`tn.

Ja`jcusêa

K jrdkìêa hn vå`jucas ä jråtdjk. Zuk entk hnid`dtdvk ä qun tahas as snus

ekdarns jcdn`tns tkefäe sn tar`ne snus encmarns kedlas. N`vacvk-sn ne
suks vdhks n `a sujnssa hn suks neprnsks. Ikìk jae qun k prëtdjk hn kouhë-
cas k kcjk`ìkr a sujnssa tar`n-sn suk edssêa pnssakc. K ja`jcusêa ä qun vajï
prnjdsk rnkcdzkr iaccaw-up au vajï vkd snr enhåajrn. Jae ue iaccaw-up
ik`tëstdja n nstruturkha, vajï drë kckvk`jkr-sn têa kjdek hk ja`jarrï`jdk qun
ncns `êa snrêa jkpkzns hn tajkr vajï au snus jcdn`tns.
 QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 
;  –Mnhln― ä ue tnrea uskha `a prúprda d`lcïs ne id`k`ìks. Rkrk hnsdl`kr
uek nspäjdn hn pratnìêa pkrk d`vnstden`tas hn rdsja.
 

Jacajk`ha Xahas as Zdstneks Rkrk Iu`jda`kr

Nstkfncnjnr Entks, Enhdr k Nidjëjdk n Depcnen`tkr Znu Rck`a
Enstrn

A nstkfncnjden`ta hn entks n k en`surkìêa hn nidjëjdk ä k ;6ª ërnk hn

mkfdcdhkhn iu`hken`tkc, n iad jrdkhk hn iarek k patn`jdkcdzkr tahks kquncks ;;
ërnks qun k k`tnjnhnrke. Hn kjarha jae k en`tkcdhkhn hk Eëqud`k
Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks, a nstkfncnjden`ta hn entks `êa sn rnsuen kpn`ks k

k`atë-cks
tkefäe hnpnrdahdjken`tn, kpnskr
tnr tk`ta haeå`da safrnhdssa ikznrqun
snu iaja pkrtn ha prajnssa.
kcjk`ìkr Xrktk-sn
kquncns afontdvas
snok kcla rëpdha n kutaeëtdja. Nssn jkpåtuca a kouhkrë `êa kpn`ks k encmarkr
snu `nlújda, eks k vdvnr uek vdhk ekds skuhëvnc n incdz.
Jaea vajï kprn`hnu ka ca`la hnstn cdvra, snr nspnjdkcdstk ne kcla `êa
qunr hdznr ikznr 8 edc jadsks, eks ikznr ;6 jadsks 8 edc vnzns. Rkrk kcjk`ìkr k
eknstrdk snu `nlújda, `êa më hÿvdhks hn qun vajï tnrë hn rnpntdr ks
jaepntï`jdks hnstn cdvra vërdks vnzns, n vnrë jkhk vnz ekds encmardks ne snu
`nlújda. Yajï `êa pahn tar`kr-sn ue nspnjdkcdstk hn tahks nssks mkfdcdhkhns
d`stk`tk`nken`tn, eks nstkfncnjnr afontdvas pnrdúhdjas kldcdzkrë a prajnssa.
K snlu`hk entkhn
kjaepk`mkr hnstn tahks
n rnldstrkr jkpåtuca
ks cmn
sukshkrë prajnssasekds
d`djdktdvks hntkcmkhas pkrk
departk`tns,
nspnjdkcen`tn snu nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas.
N sn kcäe hn tahas as pkssas, inrrken`tks, wargsmaps n d`sdlmts n`sd`khas
`nstn cdvra vajï tdvnssn ekds uek vk`tklne klrnlkhk k tuha dssa ‚ ue
jaeputkhar pralrkekha pkrk iajkr-sn nxjcusdvken`tn ne fusjkr
apartu`dhkhns n lnrkr sujnssa pkrk vajï ktä ensea hurk`tn suks marks hn
 sa`a1 Nssn jaeputkhar `êa ikrdk ekds `khk a hdk taha kcäe hn acmkr pkrk
eu`ha ka snu rnhar, ne fusjk hn tahk n qukcqunr jadsk qun jrdn ekds sujnssa
ne jkhk kspnjta hn suk vdhk. Dssa cmn pkrnjn d`tnrnssk`tn1
Hn ikta, vajï tne nxktken`tn nssn tdpa hn jaeputkhar ne snu järnfra.
Jmkek-sn sdstnek ktdvkhar rntdjuckr ksjn`hn`tn (ZKVK), n a prafcnek ä qun
k ekdardk hn `ús sne skfnr a pralrkeau pkrk fusjkr pncks jadsks qun `ús `êa

qunrneas ne vnz hn kcjk`ìkr as nspntkjuckrns rnsuctkhas qun hnsnokeas.

@nstn jkpåtuca vajï kprn`hnrë a qun ä k ZKVK n jaea jk`kcdzkr snu pahnr
pkrk jrdkr sujnssa ne jkhk ërnk hn snu `nlújda n hn suk vdhk. Yajï tkefäe
n`tn`hnrë nxktken`tn jaea nstkfncnjnr entks n en`surkr k nidjëjdk hn iarek
k kjncnrkr snu jrnsjden`ta. Id`kcen`tn, vajï cnrë ne hntkcmns safrn a encmar
nxnepca qun oë vd hn uek neprnsk qun usau hn uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n
hntnred`kìêa pkrk haed`kr n nxnjutkr ks ;6 jaepntï`jdks qun vajï kprn`hnu
`nstn cdvra. Hnssk iarek, nssk neprnsk sn tar`au uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn
Yn`hks.

A [un Rn`skeas Hnid`n [une Zaeas

A sdstnek ktdvkhar rntdjuckr ksjn`hn`tn ä kquncn ekl`åidja jaeputkhar `a
järnfra qun k ekdardk hn `ús `u`jk usau ja`sjdn`tnen`tn. Edcmkrns hn
pn`sken`tas kpkrnjne n hnskpkrnjne hn `assks en`tns tahas as hdks. K
vnrhkhn ä qun nssns pn`sken`tas kintke jkhk jäcuck hn `assa jarpa. @assks
jäcucks sêa tatkcen`tn rnktdvks ka kefdn`tn `a qukc vdvne, n a pn`sken`ta ä
ue has rnjursas ekds pahnrasas pkrk jrdkr nssn kefdn`tn. Kclu`s hdzne qun
sn nstkeas zk`lkhas, jae enha au k`sdasas n`quk`ta jaeneas au fnfneas,
nstkeas cdtnrkcen`tn n`vn`n`k`ha k jaedhk qun nstkeas d`lnrd`ha (vnok a
hajuen`tërda [une Zaeas @ús1 hn
@ús1 hn 6228 pkrk ekds d`iarekìþns safrn dssa).
Eks quk`ha vajï ek`täe snus pn`sken`tas iajkhas ne tahks ks jadsks
pasdtdvks hn suk vdhk n ks jadsks pasdtdvks qun qunr qun kja`tnìke `k suk
vdhk, vajï kjarhkrë n prapasdtkhken`tn iajkrë snu sufja`sjdn`tn k jrdkr
encmardks d`jråvnds ne tahas as kspnjtas hn suk vdhk.
Rkrn par ue ed`uta n pn`sn safrn as tdpas hn pn`sken`tas qun vajï tnvn
maon. [ukc iad a tae n jkrëtnr prnhaed`k`tn hnssns pn`sken`tas1 Zn vajï ä
jaea k ekdardk hks pnssaks, snus pn`sken`tas iarke haed`khas par
 prafcneks n kutajråtdjk. Ks pnssaks tn`hne k ktnr-sn `a qun `êa nstë
iu`jda`k`ha ne suks vdhks n, jaea en`jda`keas k`tns, ks pnssaks jrdke
vå`jucas kintdvas ikjdcen`tn ka jaepkrtdcmkr d`incdjdhkhn, trdstnzk au
rnjckekìþns.
Nsjutn ks pnssaks â suk vactk. Ä nspk`tasa quk`tks vnzns vajï auvdrë
jadsks ha tdpa? –Hntnsta quk`ha dssa kja`tnjn―, au –Nstau têa iark hn iarek―

au –Nu `êa ja`sdla ikznr dssa―. A sdstnek ktdvkhar rntdjuckr ksjn`hn`tn ä a

pralrkekhar hn ktdtuhn ha järnfra, n snu pahnr n`ja`trk-sn `a ikta qun a
sufja`sjdn`tn kjndtk qun tuha a qun vajï hdz jaea sn iassn rnkc. N`têa,
quk`ha vajï hdz qun `êa ja`snlun ikznr kcla, khdvd`mk a quï1 Yajï `êa snrë
jkpkz hn rnkcdzë-ca. A sufja`sjdn`tn `êa ja`snlun ouclkr a pn`sken`ta n
hdznr? –Km, nck `êa quds rnkcen`tn hdznr dssa. @as skdrneas encmar hnssk
vnz―. Ncn `êa ja`snlun hdstd`ludr n`trn uek pnrjnpìêa rnkc n uek dekld`ërdk.
N`têa, sn vajï tne k pnrjnpìêa hn qun `êa ja`snlun ikznr kcla,
pravkvncen`tn ikcmkrë. Rrnajupkr-sn tne a ensea depkjta. Zn vajï sn
prnajupk safrn ue prafcnek, snu sufja`sjdn`tn pn`skrë qun a prafcnek ä a
ekds departk`tn pkrk vajï n `êa a kouhkrë k n`ja`trkr sacuìþns. Rkrk
n`ja`trkr sacuìþns, vajï prnjdsk euhkr suk ek`ndrk hn pn`skr, pkssk`ha k
nxdldr sacuìþns pkrk ue prafcnek ne vnz hn idjkr prnajupkha ne rnckìêa k
ncn. Oë idz dssa ekds hn edc vnzns ne sdtukìþns kpkrn`tnen`tn depassåvnds.
Nu ktä kpcdqund nssk d`iarekìêa `k iarek jaea nhuqund enus idcmas.
[uk`ha kclue hncns hdz kcla jaea? –@êa ja`sdla― au –@êa tn`ma tkcn`ta
pkrk dssa―, nu hdla –Jaea sn jmkek dssa1― Ncns rnseu`lke? –Vniarìa ka
irkjkssa―. Jnrta hdk, quk`ha enu idcma nstkvk kprn`hn`ha k oalkr tï`ds, ncn
hdssn? –sdepcnsen`tn `êa ja`sdla pnlkr a ondta hnssn skqun―. Eks n`têa ncn
acmau pkrk ede n pnrjnfnu a qun mkvdk hdta. –Eks nu nstau encmark`ha k
jkhk hdk qun pkssk―. Ncns pahne ktä tnr rnseu`lkha n rnjckekha, eks `êa
prnjdskrke nspnrkr eudta pkrk vnr as rnsuctkhas ik`tëstdjas qun surlne

quk`ha
qun vajïvajï
`êa iajk
qunr.snu ZKVK `kqudca qun vajï qunr pkrk suk vdhk ne vnz `a
Yajï oë auvdu a hdtkha? –Id`ok qun vajï ja`snlun ikzï-ca ktä hn ikta
ja`snludr ikzï-ca―1 K rkzêa pnck qukc dssa iu`jda`k ä qun ka koustkr suk
ktdtuhn (au id`ldr) jaea sn vajï oë saufnssn ikznr kcla qun vajï nstë tn`tk`ha
kprn`hnr, ä jaea sn nstdvnssn n`lk`k`ha snu sufja`sjdn`tn ne trk`siarekr
kquncn sujnssa au `åvnc hn mkfdcdhkhn ne rnkcdhkhn. Znok cë a qun rnpntdr ka
 snu järnfra ä a qun ncn kjrnhdtkrë n a qun trkrë pkrk suk vdhk. Xn`mk k ktdtuhn
jaea vajï oë passuåssn taha a sujnssa qun hnsnok, n a snu sufja`sjdn`tn
trkfkcmkrë pkrk ktrkdr ekds sujnssa ne suk vdhk.
K ktdtuhnk ekds
ä tkefäe ä k ÿ`djk jadsk qun
pahnrask. Yajïvajï
`êapahn
pahnja`trackr
ja`trackrne
snusuk vdhk n,snus
jø`ouln, `a n`tk`ta
idcmas,
a jcdek, snus jacnlks au k neprnsk. Yajï pahn tn`tkr n`tn`hnr jkhk ue hncns
encmar, eks `êa pahn ja`tracë-cas. A ÿ`dja qun vajï pahn ja`trackr ä k suk

pnrjnpìêa n k suk ktdtuhn. K fak `atåjdk ä qun k pnrjnpìêa n k ktdtuhn ä tuha a

qun vajï prnjdsk ja`trackr pkrk kcjk`ìkr ks suks entks n sa`mas `k vdhk n `as
`nlújdas.

Jaea Iu`jda`k
Hdlkeas qun vajï nstnok k`hk`ha ne kclue tnred`kc hn knraparta,
prajurk`ha pnca snu partêa. Yajï tne huks marks ktä a marërda hn nefkrqun,
partk`ta vajï `êa tne prnssk. Yajï `êa nstë nspnrk`ha `n`mue tncnia`nek
au qukcqunr autrk jadsk pkrnjdhk ‚ nstë kpn`ks jked`mk`ha, prajurk`ha pnca
snu partêa. Më edc jadsks kja`tnjn`ha ka snu rnhar ‚ ja`vnrsks hn tahas as
tdpas, kvdsas pnca sdstnek hn sae, jrdk`ìks jarrn`ha sactks n cnvk`ha fra`jks
hn snus pkds. Yajï `êa nstë prnstk`ha ktn`ìêa, n`têa `êa auvn `khk hkqudca.
N, hn rnpn`tn? –Oan Zedtm, ktn`hk ka tncnia`n frk`ja!― N vajï pn`sk, –Rnrkå,
a Oan Zedtm sau nu!―.
Dssa ä a snu sdstnek ktdvkhar rntdjuckr ksjn`hn`tn ikzn`ha k trdklne hn
tuha a qun `êa cmn d`tnrnssk n kjarhk`ha-a pkrk kcla qun cmn d`tnrnssk. Ne
ue knraparta jmnda hn ln`tn n jae edcmkrns hn en`skln`s jaenrjdkds, kvdsas
sa`aras n autrks hdstrkìþns, a snu VKZ drë dl`arkr tuha. Dekld`n jaea snrdk
sn vajï nstdvnssn k`hk`ha `k ruk au sn`tkha ne ue rnstkurk`tn sne
ja`snludr dl`arkr kquncks jadsks qun `êa cmn d`tnrnsske. Yajï `êa snrdk `ne
ensea jkpkz hn tnr uek ja`vnrsk au iajkr-sn ne `khk.
Autra nxnepca ä quk`ha vajï jaeprk ue jkrra `ava. Yajï `u`jk prnstau
ktn`ìêa `kquncn jkrra k`tns n hn rnpn`tn jaenìk k vï-ca ne tahks ks pkrtns.
Klark qun nssn jkrra ne nspnjåidja sn tar`au ue afonta hn d`tnrnssn pkrk
vajï, a snu ZKVK drë dhn`tdidjë-ca hn`trn edcmkrns hn jkrras qun vajï vï
tahas as hdks.
Kqud nstë autra nxnepca? Enu ratndra hn idcen ktrkdu k ktn`ìêa hn vërdks
 ktrdzns n jk`tarks ikeasks. N `u`jk tnrdk auvdha ikckr safrn `n`muek hnssks
eucmnrns jksa ncks `êa tdvnssne hnea`strkha d`tnrnssn ne ikznr enu idcen.
[uk`ha k CnK`` Vdens nstkvk cn`ha a enu ratndra pkrk ktukr k pnrsa`klne
prd`jdpkc, nu hn rnpn`tn `êa pahdk kfrdr uek rnvdstk au cdlkr k tncnvdsêa sne
hnpkrkr-en jae suk deklne. Zn nck `êa tdvnssn sn d`tnrnsskha `a idcen, nu
pravkvncen`tn kpn`ks tnrdk `atkha qun nck td`mk uek au huks eÿsdjks hn

sujnssa. Eks uek vnz qun nck nstkvk ne enu rkhkr n a enu ZKVK iad
d`iarekha hn qun nu nstkvk d`tnrnsskha `nck, jaenjnd k `atë-ck ne jn`tn`ks
hn culkrns.
Zn`ha uek eëqud`k eudta nidjdn`tn, a ZKVK dsack qukcqunr ërnk hn
d`tnrnssn. Dssa sn rninrn k snok cë a qun nstdvnr ajupk`ha snus pn`sken`tas?
snu jkrra, snus maffdns, suks entks, snu sujnssa, suks cdedtkìþns, snus
irkjkssas, n kssde par hdk`tn. Zn vajï nstë ja`stk`tnen`tn pn`sk`ha safrn
irkjkssa, prafcneks n prnajupkìþns, snu ZKVK ja`td`uken`tn sn iajkrë
`dssa n cmn trkrë ekds hkqudca qun ekds cmn d`tnrnssk. Znok a irkjkssa au a
sujnssa, snu VKZ hdrnjda`krë tahk k iarìk hn snu järnfra pkrk ikznr uek
trdklne hn snus eudtas pn`sken`tas n judhkhasken`tn sncnjda`krë a qun iar
departk`tn pkrk vajï. Hnssk ek`ndrk, snu ZKVK a ludkrë â rnkcdhkhn qun ä
ja`sdstn`tn jae snus pn`sken`tas. Hdlkeas qun vajï nstnok k`hk`ha `k ruk,
pn`sk`ha qun as `nlújdas vêa ekc pkrk tahas. Yajï hë uek acmkhk â suk
vactk n vï uek pckjk jae as hdznrns –nstkeas n`jnrrk`ha `assa `nlújda―, n
pn`sk? –Ydu sú1 As `nlújdas rnkcen`tn vêa ekc―. Eks cala ka ckha më ue
n`aren praonta hn nxpk`sêa d`jcud`ha vërdas `avas `nlújdas, eks vajï
snqunr a `atk parqun `êa ä safrn dssa qun vajï nstë pn`sk`ha. A ZKVK ä
uek pkrtn pahnrask ha järnfra qun k ekdardk hn `ús `êa usk
ja`sjdn`tnen`tn.

Jk`kcdzk`ha a Rahnr ha ZKVK

[uk`ha vau kouhkr uek neprnsk qun tne prafcneks, k jadsk ekds pahnrask
qun passa ikznr ä pnhdr qun sn iaqune ne sacuìþns n ne nstkfncnjnr entks
pkrk encmarkr k sdtukìêa. Nssk euhk`ìk hn iaja ä pnrjnfdhk `as rnsuctkhas hk
neprnsk. Jae tahas hnhdjk`ha-sn ka en`as hurk`tn uek mark par snek`k
ne iajkr snu ZKVK k n`ja`trkr sacuìþns n k encmarkr as `nlújdas, ks
 sacuìþns jaenìke k kpkrnjnr n as `nlújdas jaenìke k encmarkr. ^ek
ek`ndrk hn jk`kcdzkr a pahnr ha VKZ ä ikznr wargsmaps prú-ktdvas n ikznr
jae qun tahas sn iaqune ne sacujda`kr as prafcneks ne vnz hn iajkr-sn `as
prafcneks.

Hn Idkpa k Jkfa hn Kìa

K vnrhkhn ä qun a ZKVK oë nstë iu`jda`k`ha k taha vkpar ne suk vdhk,
kouhk`ha-a k jrdkr uek rnkcdhkhn qun snok jaepktåvnc jae as snus
pn`sken`tas. [ukcqunr kidrekìêa qun vajï ikìk pkrk vajï ensea jaenìk `a
sufja`sjdn`tn jaea ue idkpa hn uek dhndk. Jkhk vnz qun vajï kidrekr kcla,
a idkpa n`lrasskrë. Zn vajï rnpntdr dssa k vajï ensea kclueks vnzns ekds, a
idkpa sn trk`siarekrë ne ue ida, hnpads ne jarhk, n hnpads ne jkfas hn kìa
qun afnhnjnrêa k rnkcdhkhn qun vajï jrdkr.
@ús tahas tneas ja`vdjìþns pralrkekhks safrn `assks prúprdks cdedtkìþns.
Hdzneas jadsks k pnssaks ha tdpa? –Nu `êa ja`sdla cnefrkr-en hn `aens―,
–Zau ue hnskstrkha―, –Nu `êa ja`sdla jazd`mkr―, –@êa ja`sdla hk`ìkr― au

–Nu sneprn
idkpas eudtanstrkla tuha―.
id`as, eks sn K prdendrk vnz
a rnpntdreas qun`ús
pkrk hdzneas
enseasdssa,
n kkd`hk sêajn`tn`ks
autrks kpn`ks
n ktä edcmkrns hn vnzns, dekld`n jaea sn tar`krêa n`rkdzkhas. Iajkeas
`assa sufja`sjdn`tn ne ktn`hnr `assk rnkcdhkhn pralrkekhk hn nsqunjnr
`aens, trapnìkr `ks nsjkhks au `a pä hn `assa pkrjndra hn hk`ìk, qundekr k
k`tk n nstrklkr tuha. Eks n sn vajï kjrnhdtkssn qun vajï ä útdea ne cnefrkr
`aens, nxtrneken`tn jaarhn`kha n ue útdea jmni n hk`ìkrd`a ‚ n qun a
sujnssa jmnlk ikjdcen`tn k vajï1 Zn nssks iassne suks ja`vdjìþns, ne qun
ktdvdhkhn snu sufja`sjdn`tn nstkrdk trkfkcmk`ha klark1 Nstkrdk jrdk`ha snu
sujnssa!

^e Ktkcma
Ek`tnr suk en`tn iajkhk ne snu sujnssa pahn snr hdiåjdc `a prd`jåpda, eks
kqud nstë ue ktkcma pkrk kouhë-ca k ikznr nssk trk`sdìêa. Zuk en`tn ä ekds
 rnjnptdvk quk`ha nstë en`as ajupkhk. Cala k`tns hn vajï haredr n cala ka
kek`mnjnr ä quk`ha vajï nstë ekds rnjnptdva. Nssk ä k encmar mark pkrk
rnkcen`tn iajkr snu ZKVK ne tahks ks jadsks pasdtdvks qun vajï qunr `k
vdhk. Zn vajï
eaen`tas, sukdekld`kr-sn kcjk`ìk`ha
en`tn kfsarvnrë a sujnssa
dssa eudta ekds au supnrk`haZnkcla
ikjdcen`tn. vajï`nssns
nstë
prnstns k tnr uek rnu`dêa departk`tn, dekld`n-k nxktken`tn jaea vajï qunr
qun nck jarrk. Nssk vdsukcdzkìêa ja`td`ukrë ne suk en`tn `a eaen`ta ne

qun vajï n`trk `kqunck skck hn rnu`dþns n a kouhkrë k jrdkr as rnsuctkhas

hnsnokhas.
Ä departk`tn ek`tnr snu järnfra iu`jda`k`ha `a prnsn`tn. Hdlk k vajï
ensea? –Maon ä ue útdea hdk― ne vnz hn –Maon tnrnd ue útdea hdk―. Au –A
sujnssa jmnlk ikjdcen`tn k ede― ne vnz hn –A sujnssa jmnlkrë ikjdcen`tn k
ede―. Dssa sn jmkek kutasulnstêa. Irksndn suks entks n hnsnoas jaea sn
rnkcen`tn nxdstdssne parqun kssde snu järnfra trkfkcmkrë pkrk ktn`hï-cas
ekds rkpdhken`tn par vajï. Zn vajï hdz qun snrë ue fdcda`ërda, a järnfra
hdrë? –Km, nu drnd
drnd ikznr
 ikznr dssa. Dssa sdl`didjk qun nu `êa prnjdsa ikzï-ca klark―.
Ne vnz hdssa hdlk? –Nu sausau ue
 ue fdcda`ërda―. N n`têa snu järnfra hdrë? –Km,
uku, nu prnjdsa taekr pravdhï`jdks―.
Yajï oë iad haredr rnpntd`ha k sd ensea? –Rrnjdsa kjarhkr `k mark jnrtk
kek`mê―, n `k ek`mê snlud`tn vajï kjarhk paujas eaen`tas k`tns ha
kckren sakr1 Jaea snu järnfra skfdk hdssa1 Rn`sn safrn dssa. Kcäe has
fdcmþns hn jëcjucas par snlu`ha qun `assa järnfra rnkcdzk, ncn tkefäe tne
ue rncúlda qun pahn hdznr-cmn nxktken`tn quk`ha kjarhkr. Au, vajï oë hdssn
k sd ensea? –Nu `êa passa pnrhnr k mark kek`mê―, eks kjkfau pnrhn`ha k
mark1 @atn k hdinrn`ìk `k ek`ndrk jaea vajï hdz ks jadsks. Jae –Rrnjdsa
kjarhkr `k mark jnrtk kek`mê―, tuha qun snu järnfra auvn ä –Kjarhkr `k mark
jnrtk kek`mê―. Zn vajï hdssnr? –Nu `êa passa `êa passa pnrhnr k mark
kek`mê―, tuha a qun snu järnfra auvn ä –Rnrhnr k mark kek`mê―. N`têa,
irksnkr ä departk`tn pkrk a sufja`sjdn`tn. Yajï prnjdsk kidrekr ks jadsks

jaea sn ncks
iaqun-sn oë nxdstdssne.
`a ckha pasdtdva. Hdlk ka snu ZKVK nxktken`tn a qun vajï qunr n
A Xmaeks Nhdsa`, qun d`vn`tau k cæepkhk, k jæenrk hn idcekr n hnzn`ks
hn autrks jadsks n`ln`masks, hdzdk? –@u`jk vë haredr sne uek sacdjdtkìêa ka
snu sufja`sjdn`tn―. Yajï pahn rnkcen`tn kprnsn`tkr kcla ka snu
sufja`sjdn`tn ka dr haredr n kjarhkr jae k sacuìêa ne en`tn. A @kpacna`
Mdcc nsjrnvnu qun vajï hnvnrdk –nxdldr― qun a snu sufja`sjdn`tn cmn hnssn ks
 sacuìþns au rnspastks qun vajï hnsnok.
^ek ek`ndrk hn ikznr jae qun suk en`tn sufja`sjdn`tn iu`jda`n ne snu
ikvar ä ikznr uek lrkvkìêa hk suk prúprdk vaz pkrk nsjutkr tahk `adtn k`tns
hn dr pkrk;6k k`as,
Hurk`tn jkek,auvd
kcden`tk`ha kidrekìþns
k uek lrkvkìêa hn prú-ktdvks ka snu
ed`mk prúprdk vazsufja`sjdn`tn.
k jkhk `adtn
k`tns hn hndtkr-en. Nu nstkvk ikck`ha hdrntken`tn ka enu sufja`sjdn`tn n nu
auvdk k lrkvkìêa quk`ha ed`mk en`tn nstkvk ekds rnjnptdvk. Enu skcërda

hafrau par trïs k`as snludhas.

 Nxnrjåjda
Jrdn uek lrkvkìêa hn ZKVK hn suk prúprdk vaz usk`ha qukcqunr
tnj`acaldk qun vajï tn`mk hdspa`åvnc ‚ jkssntn, lrkvkhar hdldtkc, n
kssde par hdk`tn. Rrdendra, usn suk eÿsdjk rnckxk`tn prnhdcntk jaea
eÿsdjk hn iu`ha ka lrkvkr. Ne snludhk, hdzn`ha ne vaz kctk kclu`s
nxnrjåjdas hn rnckxken`ta, n`quk`ta ka ensea tnepa vajï as
nxnjutk. Hdlk k vajï ensea pkrk injmkr as acmas n dekld`n-sn ne
ue culkr jkcea, jaea â fndrk hn ue ckla trk`qudca au ne uek rnhn
ne ue ensea
k vajï hdk n`sackrkha ‚ qukcqunr
pkrk rnckxkr deklne
hn`tra hnssk qunn rnspdrn
jn`k snok rnckxk`tn. Hdlk
iu`ha. Ja`tn
rnlrnssdvken`tn hn ;2 k ;, sn`td`ha-sn ekds rnckxkha k jkhk
`ÿenra pra`u`jdkha. Dssa jacajkrë suk en`tn ne ue nstkha fntk
en`as ktdva. Xkefäe a kouhkrë k haredr n k injmkr suk en`tn. K
snludr, hdlk uek särdn hn kidrekìþns safrn vajï n safrn suk vdhk.
Nssks kidrekìþns hnvne snr ja`vdjìþns pasdtdvks safrn vajï
ensea, qune vajï ä n a qun qunr kcjk`ìkr `k suk vdhk. Kpn`ks
jnrtdidqun-sn hn kidreë-cas jaea sn oë iassne uek rnkcdhkhn hn
iarek qun snu järnfra jaenjn k trkfkcmkr `ncks
sufja`sjdn`tnen`tn. Kqud nstêa kclueks kidrekìþns qun sêa faks
pkrk qukcqunr ue?

Nu ktrkda a sujnssa.
A sujnssa jmnlk k ede ikjdcen`tn.
K kfu`hæ`jdk n k praspnrdhkhn icune ktä ede hn tahks ks hdrnìþns.
Ä iëjdc aftnr sujnssa.
 Nu kpn`ks tn`ma pn`sken`tas pasdtdvas.
N`ja`tra-en ne ue nstkha hn pnrindtk skÿhn.

Kidrekìþns hn Yn`hks

Ne jkhk uek hks ed`mks rnu`dþns snek`kds hn vn`hks, ikìa jkhk pnssak
rnpntdr ks vërdks kidrekìþns qun ikìa. ^ek hks ed`mks kidrekìþns ikvardtks
pkrk vn`hnharns ä? –Nu kea ikznr tncnia`neks hn prdendra ja`tkta hurk`tn ks
ek`mês―. [uk`ha nu nrk ue rnprnsn`tk`tn hn vn`hks, nsjrnvd nssks pkckvrks
ne uek iacmk hn pkpnc n lruhnd `k pkrnhn fne `k ed`mk irn`tn. Nu ks hdzdk
ne vaz kctk n jae ue tae fkstk`tn hdvnrtdha. Zn vajï trkfkcmk jae vn`hks
au hdrdln uek nqudpn hn vn`hks, sdepcnsen`tn `êa nxdstn uek kidrekìêa
encmar. Xncnia`neks hn prdendra ja`tkta ä k ktdvdhkhn ekds hdiåjdc pkrk k
ekdardk has vn`hnharns. Rnssakcen`tn, nu kea kea ikznr
 ikznr tncnia`neks hn prdendra
ja`tkta hn ek`mê. Kjma qun hnvn snr par jkusk has k`as qun pkssnd rnpntd`ha
kqunck kidrekìêa.
Lrkvn ;2 kidrekìþns qun snoke pnrindtks pkrk vajï. Cnefrn-sn hn ek`tï-
cks pasdtdvks n `a prnsn`tn. Rra`u`jdn-ks rnpntdhken`tn ktä qun a tnepa hk
lrkvkìêa tnred`n. Nssk ä k jadsk ekds pahnrask qun oë idz pkrk sufdr `k vdhk n
skdr hk rnkcdhkhn a`hn iud jrdkha, k jckssn apnrërdk. ^ek vnz qun vajï jrdau k
lrkvkìêa, nsjutn-k tahks ks `adtns, eaen`tas k`tns hn dr haredr. Zde, ed`mk
nspask inz jae qun nu jacajkssn ia`ns hn auvdha pkrk qun nck `êa tdvnssn qun
nsjutkr tkefäe.

^sk`ha Znu ZKVK `a Nstkfncnjden`ta hn Entks

Ks entks iajke suk ktn`ìêa n iarìke snu järnfra k ktrkdr a qun vajï qunr.
K ekdardk hks pnssaks lkstk ekds tnepa pck`nok`ha suks iärdks ha qun
pck`nok`ha suks vdhks. Eks nstkfncnjnr entks ne tahas as kspnjtas hk suk
vdhk n `nlújdas jacajk snu ZKVK pkrk iu`jda`kr (prapasdtkhken`tn) hn
iarek k ktrkdr jadsks faks. Dssa ä parqun a ed`uta qun vajï nsjrnvn suks
entks, vajï iajau snu sufja`sjdn`tn ne snu sujnssa n ncn jaenìk
denhdktken`tn k jrdkr kqunck rnkcdhkhn. Ä par dssa qun a sdepcns kta hn k`atkr
 suks entks pahn ikznr vajï sn`tdr jaea sn vajï oë tdvnssn uek hdrnìêa ne
suk vdhk. Dssa sn tar`k kd`hk ekds nidjkz quk`ha vajï ks idxk ne kclue culkr
vdsåvnc hn iarek qun vajï as vnok n ktä as rnpdtk tahks ks ek`mês n tahks ks
`adtns.
Nu tn`ma 6< entks hn vdhk idxkhks `k pkrtn hn hn`tra hk partk ha enu
kreërda ha fk`mndra, n`têa nu ks vnoa tahks ks vnzns qun pnla ed`mk nsjavk

hn hn`tn. Jnrta hdk, tdvn uek dhndk hn jaea ou`tkr jd`ja hks entks n kcjk`ìë-
cks tahks hn uek vnz jae uek ÿ`djk kìêa. Znu `êa tdvnssn acmkha pkrk kqunck
cdstk hdkrdken`tn, nu `u`jk tnrdk cdlkha as pa`tas. Enu sufja`sjdn`tn nstkvk
ja`stk`tnen`tn prajurk`ha par ek`ndrks hn rnkcdzkr tahas nssns afontdvas hk
iarek ekds iëjdc passåvnc.
Rkrk aftnr a eëxdea ha nstkfncnjden`ta hn entks, jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun
vajï nstkfncnìk entks d`jrnen`tkds, kssde jaea entks ne ca`la prkza. Zuks
entks d`jrnen`tkds pahne snr ks jadsks qun sêa hnskidkharks, eks qun vajï
pahn kcjk`ìkr. Hnssk ek`ndrk, vajï ikjdcdtkrë a nsiarìa pkrk ek`tnr-sn iajkha
ne snu sujnssa. Zn vajï idznr entks kfsurhks n `u`jk ks kcjk`ìkr, vajï
rniarìkrë snu prúprda irkjkssa.

\argsmap hn Jrdkìêa hn Entks

Nsjrnvk a snlud`tn ne uek iacmk hn pkpnc?

Jd`ja entks hn vdhk.

Jd`ja entks k`ukds.
Zkcërda k`ukc hnsnokha pkrk as prúxdeas jd`ja k`as.
Xrïs jadsks qun vajï ikrë tahas as ensns pkrk encmarkr suk vdhk.
Xrïs jadsks qun vajï ikrë tahas as ensns pkrk encmarkr suk
neprnsk au hnpkrtken`ta.
Xrïs jadsks qun vajï ikrë tahas as ensns pkrk encmarkr suk
pnriarek`jn.

Idxn tahks nssks cdstks ne ue cajkc kpraprdkha hn iarek qun vajï ks passk
vnr tahas as hdks. Kidren-ks jaea sn ncks oë nxdstdssne? –Nu ikìa jd`ja
vn`hks tahas as hdks―. –Ed`mk neprnsk jrnsjn ] par jn`ta tahas as k`as―.
 Vnspa`hk k nssks pnrlu`tks pkrk jrdkr ekds entks n iajkr suk ktn`ìêa ne
jrdkr sujnssa?

[ukds sêa ks trïs jadsks ktd`låvnds qun vajï qunr kcjk`ìkr ne snu
`nlújda/trkfkcma1 Nsjrnvk-ks jaea sn vajï oë ks passuåssn.
[ukds sêa ks trïs jadsks qun vajï ikrë jae suk nqudpn tahas as

ensns pkrk tar`ë-cas ekds nidjkzns1

[ukds sêa ks trïs jadsks qun vajï ikrë pkrk tar`kr-sn ekds incdz n
ekds skuhëvnc1 [uk`ha n jae qun irnquï`jdk vajï ks ikrë1

En`surkr k Nidjëjdk? Ks Jmkvns pkrk Kuen`tkr k

Rnriarek`jn
Autrk ek`ndrk hn ktd`ldr snus afontdvas rkpdhken`tn ä en`surkr k nidjëjdk k
jkhk pkssa ha jked`ma. Zn vajï nstë ja`stk`tnen`tn en`surk`ha k nidjëjdk,
vajï snrë jkpkz hn rëpdhk n ikjdcen`tn koustkr-sn quk`ha kcla `êa nstë
trkzn`ha-cmn as rnsuctkhas nspnrkhas.
Ks pnssaks rns
rnspndtke
pndtke a qun vajï d`s
d`spnjda`k.
pnjda`k. Rartk`ta, quk`ha trkfkcmkeas
jae neprnsks, `ús depcnen`tkeas tahas as tdpas hn sdstneks hn
en`surkìêa. Kqud nstë uek inrrken`tk qun vajï pahn japdkr n khkptkr pkrk
ërnks nspnjåidjks hn `nlújda a`hn qundrk en`surkr k nidjëjdk has
prajnhden`tas. Nssk ä uek pck`dcmk hn pnriarek`jn hn vn`hks pkrk snr uskhk
par vn`hnharns qun vn`hne fn`niåjdas pkrk iu`jda`ërdas n pkjatns hn snlura
neprnskrdkds.
Rrdendra, hndxn-en eastrkr-cmn jkhk pkrtn ha rncktúrda snpkrkhk n hnpads
eastrkrnd k vajï jaea tahk nssks d`iarekìþns n`jkdxkr-sn-êa ne uek ÿ`djk
pck`dcmk.
Eïs/Hdk ;/6; ;/66 ;/6: ;/68 ;/6>
Xncnia`neks 8; 6< << 94 6;8
Kprnsn`tkìþns
Hdrntar nxnjutdva/prnsdhn`tn = 8 4 > 69
 Hdrntar nxnjutdva id`k`jndra : ; : : ;2
Ja`trackhar ; 2 6 :
Vnjursas muek`as ;2 > ;2 8 64
 
En`skln`s hn jkdxk pastkc 68 ;4 8: :6 ;;=
Znssêa hn ardn`tkìêa kln`hkhk 8 8
D`tnrnsskha/cdlkr `avken`tn < 9 ;2 ;6 :>

Hnscdlau/`êa tne d`tnrnssn/nstë sktdsindta > 6 9 > ;=

Kssdstn`tn : : : : ;6
Rrajurk`ha ktdvken`tn

V
Vnnjuä`e
dêaesunhlauurahsn jarrntar 6 ; : 68 =8
Zufsdhdërda 8 : < : ;<

K pck`dcmk eastrk `k snlu`hk cd`mk quk`tas tncnia`neks nssn vn`hnhar inz

par hdk ‚ `nstn jksa, iad uek snek`k hn quktra hdks. Jaea ncn nstkvk
vn`hn`ha pck`as hn snluras hdrntken`tn pkrk neprnsks, snu pÿfcdja kcva
d`jcuåk as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas, as hdrntarns nxnjutdvas id`k`jndras, as
ja`trackharns n a pnssakc hn rnjursas muek`as. Jaea vajï pahn vnr, ncn
ja`snludu ikckr jae adta hdrntarns nxnjutdvas `a prdendra hdk n `a id`kc hnssk
snek`k ktd`ldu ue tatkc hn 69. Ncn tkefäe ja`snludu ikckr jae ;2 hdrntarns
nxnjutdvas id`k`jndras, trïs ja`trackharns n 64 iu`jda`ërdas hn rnjursas
muek`as.
Eks sn vajï hnr uek acmkhk `k prúxdek pkrtn hk pck`dcmk, vnrë qun ncn
kpn`ks ja`snludu kln`hkr quktra snssþns hn ardn`tkìêa au rnu`dþns hn ue
tatkc hn 6;8 tncnia`neks. @êa pkrnjn eudta, eks nssk pck`dcmk iad fksnkhk ne
snu nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas, n`têa jkhk ue has quktra n`ja`tras
kln`hkhas sêa neprnsks n`arens. Rartk`ta, nssk snek`k iad eudta fne-
sujnhdhk.
Vnpkrn qun ncn ja`tktau :> pnssaks qun qunrdke qun ncn cdlkssn hn vactk
hnpads,
hn jkrk n`quk`ta
qun `êa qun 6; pnssaks
nstkvke hnscdlkrke
d`tnrnsskhas. ne suk
Mauvn jkrk au
tkefäe ;6cmn hdssnrne cala
tncnia`neks `as
qukds ncn `êa ja`snludu ja`tar`kr k kssdstn`tn hn neprnsks eudta lrk`hns. Nu
d`jcuå –prajurk`ha ktdvken`tn― jaea uek jktnlardk parqun hn vnz ne
quk`ha vajï sn hnpkrk jae kcluäe qun nstë hn ikta prajurk`ha par kqudca
qun vajï nstë vn`hn`ha. Nssn vn`hnhar `êa n`ja`trau `d`luäe `nssk
jktnlardk nssk snek`k, eks quk`ha dssa kja`tnjn a hdk tar`k-sn útdea.
 –Vnjäe euhau hn jarrntar― ä autrk jktnlardk departk`tn n eatdvkhark hn snr
rnldstrkhk n afsnrvkhk, parqun nssns sêa as jcdn`tns qun vajï pahnrdk tnr
jkpturkha sn mauvnssn cdlkha kclu`s ensns ktrës pkrk kln`hkr n`ja`tras.
@êa iad a ÿ`dja afontdva hnstn vn`hnhar k snr kcjk`ìkha jae as
tncnia`neks. Kqud nstë k prúxdek pkrtn ha rncktúrda hn tncnia`neks.
Ktukcdzkìþns hn Iarìk hn Yn`hks

@ÿenra hn tncnia`n hdrnta 66 ;8 ;4 ;: 9=

N`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc ;; 8 ;= > ::==
@ÿenra hn ikx = : ;;

N
N``hhnnrrnnììaa hhnn nn--e
ekkddcc hhaa hhddrrnnttaarr nnxxnnjjuuttddvvaa id`k`jndra ;<4 =8 :46 698 =6:9
N`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc ha ja`trackhar : ; 6 : 4
N`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc ha hdrntar hn VM ;> ;8 6> ;4 <:
Vnu`dêa snluras ; 8 >
6ª rnu`dêa kln`hkhk
:ª rnu`dêa kln`hkhk
Vnsuea
Hktk hn rn`avkìêa 9 6 = < 6:
Vnckjda`ken`ta jae a jarrntar 4 > ;2 4 ::

Oë qunkpravndtkr
hnvnrdk vajï vkd ikckr
pkrk ka tncnia`n
jkpturkr jaedepartk`tns.
hkhas kcluäe n tnrNssns
taha hkhas
nssn trkfkcma, vajïk
a kouhkrêa
ktd`ldr nssk neprnsk kd`hk encmar k jkhk tn`tktdvk. Rartk`ta, nssn vn`hnhar
inz pnrlu`tks n aftnvn `ÿenras hdrntas hn tncnia`n, n`hnrnìas hn n-ekdc n
`ÿenras hdrntas hn ikx, d`snrd`ha jkhk vnz ekds d`iarekìþns `k pck`dcmk hn
snus jcdn`tns kcenokhas.
Jaea vajï vdu `k prdendrk pkrtn hk pck`dcmk, nssn vn`hnhar kpn`ks
ja`snludu kln`hkr quktra n`ja`tras, eks ncn `êa hnsdstdrë hn tahas qun
hdssnrke `êa au hkquncns jae qune ncn `êa ja`snludu ikckr hdrntken`tn. K
prúxdek pkrtn hk pck`dcmk rnldstrk a pralrnssa hn suks ktdvdhkhns hn iaccaw-
up.
Kìþns hn Iaccaw-up
N-ekdc ja`idrek`ha snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa 6 8 9
Ikx ja`idrek`ha snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa
Ikx `êa d`tnrnsskha
Ikx cdlkr `avken`tn 6 ; :
 Ikx hnscdlau `k jkrk
Ikx Oam` Zedtm
Ikx hncnlau
N-ekdc praeavn`ha snssêa : : 6 ; 4
Ikx praeavn`ha snssêa 6 ; ; 8

Rkrk jkhk cdlkìêa qun ncn ikzdk, hnvnrdk mkvnr uek kìêa hn iaccaw-up. Rar
nxnepca, jrdkeas ue ikx pkrk n`vdkr quk`ha kcluäe hnscdlkssn `k jkrk ha

vn`hnhar. Cnefrn-sn hn qun sn hnstkjkr ne enda k euctdhêa, ktä ensea

quk`ha hnscdlke `k suk jkrk, cmn hkrë ue pnqun`a nca hn ja`tkta. @nssn
jksa, ue ikx hnvnrdk snr n`vdkha denhdktken`tn hdzn`ha? –Yajï kjkfau hn
hnscdlkr `k ed`mk jkrk, eks `êa kjma qun vajï n`tn`hnu k departæ`jdk hk
ed`mk cdlkìêa. Jksa ja`trërda, vajï `êa tnrdk hnscdlkha. Ja`sdhnrn dssa?
(praeavk `avken`tn a qun ncns kprn`hnrêa hk –ardn`tkìêa―). A snlu`ha
ekdar lksta ne suk neprnsk ä a justa hn fn`niåjdas kas iu`jda`ërdas. Nu cmn
n`sd`krnd `avn ek`ndrks hdinrn`tns hn rnhuzdr nssns justas, kcla qun nstau
jnrta hn qun vajï kjmkrë eudta vkcdasa. Cdlkrnd `avken`tn pkrk hkr-cmn autrk
apartu`dhkhn hn aftnr nssks vkcdasks d`iarekìþns―.
Yajï kcluek vnz oë rnjnfnu ue fdcmntn jaea nssn kpús hnscdlkr `k jkrk hn
kcluäe1 Zêa jadsks jaea nssk qun ikzne ue vn`hnhar hnstkjkr-sn `k
euctdhêa. N sn vajï ja`td`ukr ja`tktk`ha ks pnssaks qun hnscdlkrke `k suk
jkrk, nvn`tukcen`tn lk`mkrë snu rnspndta. Kid`kc, snrdk depassåvnc rnspndtkr
kcluäe qun hnsdstn hnpads hk prdendrk rnondìêa.

Rar [un ue Ikx n @êa ue N-ekdc1

Ä eudta iëjdc hncntkr ue n-ekdc. Oë ue ikx prnjdsk snr tajkha n cdha pkrk qun
sn passk hnjdhdr sn hnvn snr oalkha iark au `êa. Zn a ikx iar jurta, ncns a
cnrêa. Rartk`ta, ek`tn`mk as ikxns jurtas n pahnrasas.
Xkefäe nsjrnvneas ue ikx pkrk qukcqunr ue qun pnhdssn ka vn`hnhar
pkrk cdlkr hn vactk. Fksdjken`tn, hdzdk dssa?

 Rrnzkhk Gktmy,
Ja`iaren vajï sacdjdtau ne `assk ja`vnrsk pnca tncnia`n maon,
cdlkrnd pkrk vajï hn vactk `nstk snxtk-indrk, âs ;>m. N n`têa,
ja`vnrskeas safrn jd`ja ek`ndrks departk`tns hn jaea vajï pahn
 nja`aedzkr ne snu pck`a neprnskrdkc hn skÿhn, n kd`hk kssde
ainrnjnr kas snus iu`jda`ërdas a encmar ne rnckìêa k ja`vï`das
eähdjas.

 Ktn`jdasken`tn,  Xde
 Ktn`jdasken`tn,

Cnefrn-sn hn qun k pkrtn ekds hdiåjdc `ks vn`hks ä jkpturkr k ktn`ìêa `a

prdendra ja`tkta. Rartk`ta, uek vnz qun vajï ja`snlun ikznr dssa, hnvn ikznr
ue iaccaw-up têa fae qun ncns `êa tnrêa apartu`dhkhn hn nsqunjï-ca.
Jnrtdidqun-sn hn qun vajï d`jcuk a iaccaw-up jaea ue dtne ne suk pck`dcmk.
Vnpkrn `ks autrks jktnlardks hn iaccaw-up hk pck`dcmk?

Ikx Oam` Zedtm? Dssa qunr hdznr qun uek jkrtk hn rnjaen`hkìêa
pnca Oam` Zedtm snrë n`vdkhk. Nssk rnjaen`hkìêa jaen`tk safrn
nxjncn`tn qukcdhkhn hks d`iarekìþns qun vajï qunr kprnsn`tkr ka
jcdn`tn.
Ikx hncnlau? Yajï ja`snludu ikckr jae a hdrntar nxnjutdva `a
tncnia`n, eks ncn tn n`vdau ka hdrntar nxnjutdva id`k`jndra au k ue
nxnjutdva hn VM. N`vdn ue fdcmntn hdzn`ha? –Iad útdea ikckr jae
vajï safrn ks jd`ja ek`ndrks hn rnhuzdr a ekdar lksta hn suk
neprnsk, as fn`niåjdas kas iu`jda`ërdas. Yajï pnhdu qun nu ikckssn
jae k Gdefnrcy Fdrh, n`têa cdlkrnd pkrk nck denhdktken`tn―.
Rarqun vajï n`vdkrdk uek jkrtk kssde1 Zn vajï inz ue trkfkcma
ed`deken`tn hnjn`tn ne tn`tkr vn`hnr suk ainrtk, a hdrntar
nxnjutdva n`trnlkrë snu fdcmntn â Gdefnrcy n tkcvnz ktä hdlk?
–Gdefnrcy, dssa en pkrnjnu d`tnrnssk`tn―. Klark, vajï tne k
jnrtnzk hn qun k Gdefnrcy prnstkrë ktn`ìêa quk`ha vajï cdlkr.
Ikx praeavn`ha snssêa? Nssn ä a snu eahnca pkhrêa pkrk
praeavnr d`tn`sken`tn k d`iarekìêa qun vajï qunr ainrnjnr ne
uek snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa k nssn nxnjutdva.
Ikx ja`idrek`ha snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa? [uk`tks vnzns vajï
nstkvk oë k jked`ma hn uek rnu`dêa sú pkrk qun a jcdn`tn patn`jdkc
sn hnsk`dekssn n jk`jnckssn ne jdek hk mark au sdepcnsen`tn `êa
kpkrnjnssn1 K ek`ndrk hn jnrtdidjkr-sn qun dssa `êa kja`tnjnrë ä
ue –pralrkek hn kqunjden`ta― jaepcnta pkrk ek`tnr kquncn
 nxnjutdva d`tnrnsskha `k rnu`dêa. Rrdendra, n`vdn uek ja`idrekìêa
par ikx praeavn`ha d`tn`sken`tn k nxjncn`tn qukcdhkhn hk
d`iarekìêa qun snrë n`trnlun `k rnu`dêa. ^e hdk hnpads, n`vdn
uek jkrtkqun
kcluäe hn oë
rnjaen`hkìêa par ikx (au qun
kpravau k d`iarekìêa k nssk kcturk
vajï parainrnjn`ha.
nstë n-ekdc) hn
Jaea iad en`jda`kha, ue iacmnta jae jkepas ne frk`ja, qun
pahnrdk snr d`tdtuckha hn –Xnksnrs pkrk `assk rnu`dêa― ä ue útdea

iacmnta pkrk snr n`vdkha. As nxnjutdvas acmke pkrk a tnksnr n, sn

vajï inz ue fae trkfkcma ne suk cdlkìêa, ncns idjkrêa jurdasas
safrn a qun hnvne nsjrnvnr `kquncns nspkìas ne frk`ja.

Nssn hajuen`ta hn pnriarek`jn hn vn`hks `êa ä kpn`ks uek inrrken`tk

hn en`surkìêa, eks tkefäe uek inrrken`tk hn khed`dstrkìêa. Yajï `atkrë
sn kquncn vn`hnhar ne pkrtdjuckr `êa inz tahas as iaccaw-ups qun hnvnrdk tnr
indta ne kclue åtne nspnjåidja hk pck`dcmk. Ka rnjnfnr nssk pck`dcmk jae as
tncnia`neks rnkcdzkhas, nu nrk jkpkz hn trnd`kr n encmarkr ks mkfdcdhkhns has
rnprnsn`tk`tns fksnk`ha-en `as hkhas rnldstrkhas. Ne eudtks neprnsks më
kclue saitwkrn hn khed`dstrkìêa hn vn`hks qun ea`tk nssns pck`dcmks
ikjdcen`tn. Eks pkrk ks pnqun`ks neprnsks qun `êa tïe nssns saitwkrns, k
tkfnck hnstn cdvra pahnr ikjdcen`tn rnldstrkr ks ktdvdhkhns hk snek`k d`tndrk.
K pck`dcmk jaepcntk hnvnrdk snr pkrnjdhk jae nssk?

Hnsnepn`ma hn Yn`hks
Eïs/Hdk
;/6; ;/66 ;/6: ;/68 ;/6>
Xncnia`neks 8; 6< << 94 6;8
Ja`tktas?

H
Hddrrnnttaarr nnxxnnjjuuttddvvaa/ipdr`nks`dhjnn`drtan =: 8; 4: >: 6;29
Ja`trackhar ; 2 6 :
Vnjursas muek`as ;2 > ;2 8 64
 
En`skln`s hn jkdxk pastkc 68 ;4 8: :6 ;;=
Znssêa hn ardn`tkìêa kln`hkhk 8 8
 D`tnrnsskha/cdlkr `avken`tn < 9 ;2 ;6 :>
Hnscdlau/`êa tne d`tnrnssn/nstë sktdsindta > 6 9 > ;=
Kssdstn`tn : : : : ;6
Rrajurk`ha ktdvken`tn
Vnjäe euhau hn jarrntar 6 ; : 6 =
Vnu`dêa snluras 8 8
Zufsdhdërda 8 : < : ;;<<
Ktukcdzkìþns hn Iarìk hn Yn`hks

@ÿenra hn tncnia`n hdrnta 66 ;8 ;4 ;: 9=

N`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc ;; 8 ;= > :=
@ÿenra hn ikx = : ;;

N
N``hhnnrrnnììaa hhnn nn--e
ekkddcc hhaa hhddrrnnttaarr nnxxnnjjuuttddvvaa id`k`jndra ;<4 =8 :46 698 =6:9
N`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc ha ja`trackhar : ; 6 : 4
N`hnrnìa hn n-ekdc ha hdrntar hn VM ;> ;8 6> ;4 <:
Vnu`dêa snluras ; 8 >
6ª rnu`dêa kln`hkhk
:ª rnu`dêa kln`hkhk
Vnsuea
Hktk hn rn`avkìêa 9 6 = < 6:
Vnckjda`ken`ta jae a jarrntar 4 > ;2 4 ::
Kìþns hn Iaccaw-up
N-ekdc ja`idrek`ha snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa 6 8 9
Ikx ja`idrek`ha snssêa hn ardn`tkìêa
Ikx `êa d`tnrnsskha
Ikx cdlkr `avken`tn 6 ; :
Ikx hnscdlau `k jkrk
Ikx Oam` Zedtm
Ikx hncnlau
N-ekdc praeavn`ha snssêa : : 6 ; 4
Ikx praeavn`ha snssêa 6 ; ; 8

Jaepntdìþns
Autrk ek`ndrk hn en`surkr n kuen`tkr k nidjëjdk hks vn`hks ne qukcqunr
autrk ërnk hn snu `nlújda ä uskr jaepntdìþns. Enu jcdn`tn qun vn`hn
eachurks pkrk qukhras `atau qun k quk`tdhkhn hn trkfkcma hn snu encmar
 iu`jda`ërda nrk huks au trïs vnzns ekdar ha qun k as autras iu`jda`ërdas. Ncn
pnlau a `ÿenra tatkc hkquncn encmar iu`jda`ërda, khdjda`au a `ÿenra ue n
hnskidau a rnsta has iu`jda`ërdas k qunfrkrne a rnjarhn. Hdssneas k ncns qun
qukcqunr ue qun kcjk`ìkssn kquncn `ÿenra ne ue hdk sne hk`didjkr `n`mue
has prahutas lk`mkrdk ue fø`us `nssn ensea hdk.
Dssa pahn snr kpcdjkha k qukcqunr jadsk. K`kcdsn a qun as snus iu`jda`ërdas
ekds prahutdvas nstêa ikzn`ha. Depcnen`tn a ekdar `ÿenra hn

prajnhden`tas passåvnc pkrk a qun ncn nstdvnr ikzn`ha. Ne snludhk, arlk`dzn

uek jaepntdìêa pkrk hkr k tahas a d`jn`tdva qun ncns prnjdske pkrk kuen`tkr
suk pnriarek`jn.
A Mn`ry Iarh usau uek tëtdjk pkrnjdhk, eks ncn `ne prnjdsau ainrnjnr
uek rnjaepn`sk pkrk kuen`tkr k prahutdvdhkhn. Jaea @kpacna` Mdcc
en`jda`au `a snu cdvra Xmd`g k`h Lraw Vdjm, Vdjm, a Iarh jmnlau ka jmêa hn
iëfrdjk jae uek cktk hn td`tk n pd`tau ue lrk`hn `ÿenra snds fne `a enda
ha jmêa. [uk`ha as trkfkcmkharns ha tur`a hk `adtn pnrlu`tkrke hn qun sn
trktkvk, ncn hdssn k ncns qun nrk a `ÿenra hn jkrras qun k nqudpn ha tur`a ha
hdk mkvdk ea`tkha. @a hdk snlud`tn, ncn n`trau n vdu qun k nqudpn hk `adtn
mkvdk ea`tkha < jkrras. Ncn n`têa pd`tau a `ÿenra < safrn a `ÿenra 9 qun
nstkvk cë. [uk`ha a tur`a ha hdk cmn pnrlu`tau safrn a sdl`didjkha, ncn hdssn
k ncns qun nssn nrk a `ÿenra qun a tur`a hk `adtn mkvdk ea`tkha. Jae a
sdepcns kta hn jaepkrkr k nqudpn ha tur`a ha hdk jae k hk `adtn, ncn iad
jkpkz hn kuen`tkr k prahutdvdhkhn ne suk iëfrdjk sufstk`jdkcen`tn.
Nstau usk`ha a ensea eätaha jae uek nqudpn hn vn`hks pkrk trnd`kr
tncnia`neks hn prdendra ja`tkta. K jkhk huks marks, idxkeas `k skck hn
tncnia`neks a `ÿenra hn cdlkìþns qun jkhk pnssak inz. K jkhk huks marks
tahas acmke pkrk k cdstk pkrk jmnjkr suk pasdìêa ne tnreas hn prahutdvdhkhn
n qune nstë â irn`tn au ktrës hncns. Dssa jrdk uek jaepntdtdvdhkhn `kturkc n
tkefäe hdvnrtdhk. Ne uek snek`k nssk sdepcns kìêa hn hdvuclkr as `ÿenras
trdpcdjau k quk`tdhkhn hn tncnia`neks qun nssk nqudpn ikzdk. Nssk neprnsk
tne ktä ue pralrkek hn saitwkrn qun iar`njn nssns hkhas jae kpn`ks kclu`s
jcdquns.
Zn vajï `êa en`surk k nidjëjdk, k prahutdvdhkhn hn suk neprnsk ä en`ar
ha qun pahnrdk snr n ks suks entks nstêa ekds ca`ln ha qun prnjdskrdke nstkr.
Rartk`ta, jrdn pck`dcmks hn pnriarek`jn, arlk`dzn jaepntdìþns n hdvuclun as
`ÿenras `k pkrnhn. N n`têa vnok a qun kja`tnjn ne suk neprnsk au
hnpkrtken`ta.
 Iu`jda`k`ha k Xaha Ykpar
Jaea vajï oë kprn`hnu, k jmkvn pkrk a sujnssa `êa sn trktk hn ikznr 8 edc
jadsks, eks tnr a haeå`da hn kpn`ks ;6. Nssn cdvra cmn nxpcdjau ks ;6 ërnks hn

mkfdcdhkhns iu`hken`tkds qun pasdjda`krêa vajï `a tapa ha enrjkha,

ja`tk`ta qun vajï ja`td`un k kpnrindìakr n k sdstnektdzkr nssks mkfdcdhkhns
jae ue iaja afstd`kha. Jae nssns pkssas n jae k suk hntnred`kìêa, `êa
mkvnrë prafcnek qun vajï `êa passk supnrkr. Rkrk dcustrkr nssn pa`ta, kqud
nstë ue nxnepca hn uek sdtukìêa depassåvnc qun iad tatkcen`tn rnvnrtdhk
kpn`ks ikzn`ha ks ;6 jadsks qun vajï kprn`hnu `nstn cdvra. Nu oë ja`tnd pkrtn
hnssk mdstúrdk, eks nck snrë a ÿctdea nxnepca qun hkrnd pkrk dcustrkr tuha a
qun vajï kprn`hnu ne rnckìêa k trkfkcmkr ne ja`ou`ta pkrk aftnr rnsuctkhas
nspntkjuckrns.
A fdcda`ërda Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr en ja`trktau d`djdkcen`tn pkrk vn`hnr
k`ÿ`jdas pkrk uek rnvdstk jmkekhk Jkcdiar`dk Ckwynr.
Ckwynr. @k äpajk, nrk k
pufcdjkìêa hn ekdar jdrjuckìêa pkrk as khvalkhas `kquncn nstkha. Eks td`mk
kpn`ks 6% hn pkrtdjdpkìêa `a enrjkha `kjda`kc hn pufcdjkìþns. Nssn `ÿenra
fksnau-sn ne ue tatkc hn 8> ja`jarrn`tns, a qun sdl`didjk qun ed`mk rnvdstk
nstkvk cë nefkdxa, `a `ÿenra ;> hk cdstk. K rnvdstks `kjda`kds hn khvajkjdk
has prdendras quktra culkrns haed`kvke uek parjn`tklne têa lrk`hn hn
pkrtdjdpkìêa ha enrjkha qun a rnsta hks rnvdstks idjkvk kpn`ks jae a qun
safrkvk.
Mkvdk hads lrk`hns hnskidas jae as qukds nu en hnpkrkvk ka tn`tkr vn`hnr
`assas k`ÿ`jdas pkrk as k`u`jdk`tns `kjda`kds? Ne prdendra culkr, `ús
ärkeas uek pufcdjkìêa hn enrjkha vnrtdjkc, au snok, `ús kpn`ks ktd`låkeas
uek praidssêa, k khvajkjdk. Neprnsks jaea k ]nrax, qun nstkvke `a tapa hk
ed`mk cdstk has
hn ekrgntd`l ;22 EkdsNcns
mardza`tkc. Kcenokhas, `arekcen`tn
k`u`jdkvke ne rnvdstkssnludke uek nstrktäldk
jaea Fusd`nss \nng ,
qun td`mk uek jdrjuckìêa `kjda`kc qun ktd`ldk nxnjutdvas hn tahks ks ërnks.
Ncns ktd`ldke eähdjas, khvalkhas, hn`tdstks n iu`jda`ërdas hn zaacúldja ha
pkås d`tndra, n`têa par qun ncns drdke lkstkr tk`ta hd`mndra pkrk k`u`jdkr ne
uek pufcdjkìêa hn ekrgntd`l vnrtdjkc1
@assa snlu`ha ekdar hnskida nrk qun `ús ärkeas uek pufcdjkìêa rnlda`kc
 n neprnsks lrk`hns `êa k`u`jdke ne pufcdjkìþns rnlda`kds vnrtdjkds.
Kclueks hnssks lrk`hns neprnsks tkcvnz ktä lkstkrdke uek pnqun`k pkrtn hn
snu arìken`ta ne enrjkhas vnrtdjkds (eähdjas, khvalkhas, krqudtntas n ntj.),
eks jnrtken`tn ncns `êa pufcdjkrdke `nssns enrjkhas vnrtdjkds hn nstkha ne
nstkha, quk`ha uek au huks pufcdjkìþns `kjda`kds vnrtdjkds sêa jkpkzns hn
ktd`ldr eähdjas au khvalkhas ne tahas as >2 nstkhas. Hn ue pa`ta hn vdstk
nstrktäldja, nssk nrk uek vn`hk qun sdepcnsen`tn `êa pahnrdk snr indtk.

Hn ikta, eudtks hnssks lrk`hns neprnsks oë mkvdke hnjdhdha qun enrjkhas

vnrtdjkds `êa vkcdke a nsiarìa. ^e k`u`jdk`tn qun oë nstdvnssn hnjdhdha qun
`êa mkvdk d`tnrnssn `a enrjkha vnrtdjkc hn khvajkjdk hnid`dtdvken`tn `êa sn
d`tnrnsskrdk `a Jkcdiúr`dk Ckwynr,
Ckwynr, `êa departk qun tdpa hn Rrapastk ß`djk hn
Ykcar (^ZR) iassn ainrnjdhk. Nu pahnrdk rnpntdr edc vnzns k ncns qun `ús
ärkeas k rnvdstk jae k ekdar jdrjuckìêa pkrk as khvalkhas hk Jkcdiúr`dk,
eks nu ja`snludrdk ja`vn`jï-cas k k`u`jdkr ja`asja1 @u`jk.
Jckrken`tn, `assk Rrapastk ß`djk hn Ykcar `êa snrvdrdk pkrk `khk, n`têa
iaqund tahas enus nsiarìas ne nstkfncnjnr `assk prapastk nstrktäldjk
hnid`dtdvk. ^sk`ha jkhk uek hks ;6 mkfdcdhkhns iu`hken`tkds qun vajï
kprn`hnu `nstn cdvra ä jaea `ús hnrratkeas k ja`jarrï`jdk.
Rrdendra, `ús taekeas uek pasturk jaepcntken`tn ln`ärdjk n ainrnjneas
uek kprnsn`tkìêa d`tdtuckhk hn –Jaea aftnr sujnssa `a enrjkha hn
khvajkjdk― fksnkha ne tahk k pnsqudsk qun tå`mkeas rnkcdzkha pkrk `assa
krluen`ta prd`jdpkc. K pnsqudsk nrk nxjnpjda`kc. Hn kjarha jae a ^.Z.
Jn`sus Furnku (Nsjrdtúrda ha Jn`sa has Nstkhas ^`dhas), as khvalkhas
prahuzne k ekdar quk`tdhkhn hn pkckvrks par hdk. Ncns lnrke ekds hkhas
hdkrdken`tn qun qukcqunr autra `nlújda au praidssêa. Nssn ikta, jaefd`kha
jae snus kctas skcërdas n cujras, ikzne hncns ue nxjncn`tn kcva pkrk
neprnsks hn tnj`acaldk. Rartk`ta, k prdendrk pkrtn hks vn`hks iad `êa vn`hnr
`khk rnckjda`kha â `assk rnvdstk, eks d`iarekr ks neprnsks ne parqun
hnvnrdke d`tnrnsskr-sn pnca enrjkha hn khvajkjdk.
Eks `nssn
ja`vn`jnr ks eaen`ta, ensea qun
lrk`hns neprnsks hn nu hnssn enu prdendra
d`tnrnsskr-sn krluen`ta
`a enrjkha ‚ k hn
hn khvajkjdk
jaea ue enrjkha vnrtdjkc iärtdc ‚ ed`mk pufcdjkìêa rnlda`kc kd`hk `êa nrk
ue culkr vdëvnc pkrk sn k`u`jdkr. Zn ncns pufcdjkssne kpn`ks `a nstkha hk
Jkcdiúr`dk, qun tdpa hn en`tkcdhkhn snrdk nssk1
Rartk`ta, k prúxdek pkrtn ha krluen`ta prnjdskvk iar`njnr uek frdcmk`tn
ustdidjktdvk? Nrk `njnssërda nstkfncnjnr as jrdtärdas hn jaeprk. Xå`mkeas
 uek quk`tdhkhn n`aren hn hkhas safrn k Jkcdiúr`dk, pasdjda`k`ha-a jaea –a
nstkha qun hdrnjda`k k `kìêa―. @k äpajk, jkhk nstkha td`mk ne eähdk ;= edc
khvalkhas, n`quk`ta qun k Jkcdiúr`dk td`mk ;8: edc khvalkhas (maon k
Jkcdiúr`dk tne ekds hn 622 edc khvalkhas). Nssk ä uek n`aren hdinrn`ìk. K
Jkcdiúr`dk hdrnjda`au k `kìêa ne d`djdktdvks cnlkds n pa`tas hn vdstk
d`avkharns. Hn ikta, k ourdspruhï`jdk ekds d`avkhark vne hk Jkcdiúr`dk qun
hn qukcqunr autra nstkha. ^e tnrìa hn tahks ks ekdarns neprnsks ha pkås tne

suk kssnssardk ouråhdjk fksnkhk `k Jkcdiúr`dk. As hkhas ja`td`ukvke k rnvnckr

d`iarekìþns hnssn tdpa, nidjkzen`tn eastrk`ha qun sn vajï rnkcen`tn
qudsnssn aftnr sujnssa `a enrjkha hn khvajkjdk, hnvnrdk ne prdendra culkr
kssnlurkr uek pasdìêa ekds iartn `k Jkcdiúr`dk k`tns hn ne qukcqunr autra
culkr. N, kcäe hdssa, hnvnrdk tnstkr a enrjkha hn khvajkjdk ne ue nstkha
k`tns hn d`vnstdr ekds húckrns pkrk kcjk`ìkr ue æefdta `kjda`kc.

N`têa, vkeas snpkrkr dssa ne pkssas?

Rkssa ;? [ukc ä k suk encmar nstrktäldk passåvnc1 Ne `assa jksa,

nstkfncnjneas `assk pasdìêa jaea pkrtn hn ue enrjkha qun vkcdk
eudta k pn`k k snr nxpcarkha.
Rkssa 6? K snludr, nstkfncnjneas `assk pasdìêa `a tapa hkquncn
enrjkha, hn iarek qun ncns saufnssne qun hn tahks ks apìþns
hdspa`åvnds, k nsjacmk ekds patn`tn nrk k`u`jdkr ne `assk rnvdstk.
Rkssa :? D`jcuåeas tahks nssks d`iarekìþns ne uek –ardn`tkìêa
d`iarektdvk― n idzneas `assk ainrtk k jkhk k`u`jdk`tn.
Rkssa 8?  Ea`tkeas ue nsiarìa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas, a`hn
jaenìkeas k ktd`ldr as ekdarns k`u`jdk`tns têa d`tn`sken`tn, têa
irnqun`tnen`tn, n jae tk`tks kfarhkln`s n ainrtks, qun ncns
rkpdhken`tn pksskrke k skfnr nxktken`tn qune ärkeas.
Rkssa >?  Xrnd`nd k nqudpn hn vn`hks `kqunck kprnsn`tkìêa
rnpntdhken`tn. Ensea kssde, mkvdk kclu`s qun `êa jaeprnn`hdke
k nstrktäldk? –Nspnrn ue pauja. Rarqun nu hnvnrdk ikznr tuha dssa
quk`ha `k vnrhkhn a ÿ`dja qun qunra ikznr ä vn`hnr k`ÿ`jdas1―
Cnvnd pnck eêa nssns nxnjutdvas tëtdjas k uek rnu`dêa jae
jcdn`tns, n eastrnd k ncns a ekrkvdcmasa pahnr aftdha ka uskr hkhas
ha enrjkha jaea eatdvkìêa. @nssn eaen`ta, ncns jkptkrke k
en`sklne rkpdhken`tn.
 Rkssa 9? Xrnd`nd as prajnhden`tas hn khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa
hdkrdken`tn, ja`stk`tnen`tn nxdld`ha cdstks hn kikznrns hk nqudpn.
Rkssa <? Xrnd`nd k nqudpn `as –Zntn pkssas pkrk jkhk vn`hk―
hntkcmkhken`tn.
jkhk pkssa, n idzHnd tnstns surprnsk,
nxnrjåjdas arlk`dznd
hn mat snkt jae aswargsmaps pkrk
rnprnsn`tk`tns,
usk`ha nxnepcas jcdn`tns nspnjåidjas n ktdvdhkhns rnckjda`khks kas
sntn pkssas.

Rkssa =? Xrnd`nd jae ncns as prajnhden`tas hn iaccaw-up ktä k

ÿctdek latk hn suar, nstkfncnjn`ha ekds n ekds apartu`dhkhns hn
d`tnrkìêa n hn ja`struìêa hn rnckjda`ken`tas vkcdasas.
Rkssa 4? @ús trkfkcmkeas ne indrks neprnskrdkds jaea jkepnþns7
sneprn ärkeas tdhas jaea k vdhk hn tahks as nvn`tas n
arlk`dzëvkeas ks encmarns inssks. Nvn`tukcen`tn, jrdkeas `assk
prúprdk indrk neprnskrdkc, k qukc ja`vdhkeas tahas as k`u`jdk`tns
hk d`hÿstrdk. @nstk indrk, cmns n`sd`keas jaea encmarkr snu
ekrgntd`l kas khvalkhas. Arlk`dzkeas uek jnrdeø`dk hn
prnedkìêa qun jncnfrkvk as encmarns kctas nxnjutdvas ha sntar n as
ja`vdhkeas k tahas k ue nvn`ta fckjg-tdn, a qukc ja`trackeas ne
jkhk hntkcmn.
  Rkssa ;2?  Ainrnjneas eudtas snrvdìas khdjda`kds qun `as
praparjda`krke vå`jucas d`qunfrëvnds jae `assas jcdn`tns.
Ainrnjneas ue snrvdìa hn rnkcajkìêa lrktudta pkrk kouhkr as
nxnjutdvas hn ekrgntd`l k kjmkr trkfkcmas jae autras k`u`jdk`tns.
Hdspa`dfdcdzkeas ka enrjkha d`tndra ue jkcn`hërda ha sntar, qun
snrvdu hn eahnca hn pck`noken`ta pkrk tahks ks neprnsks hn suks
indrks neprnskrdkds. @ús jrdkeas k`ÿ`jdas pkrk tahas `assas
k`u`jdk`tns.
Rkssa ;;? Nstkfncnjneas entks pkrk jkhk ërnk hn pnriarek`jn.
Rkssa ;6? En`surkeas n rnldstrkeas jkhk ktdvdhkhn n arlk`dzkeas
jaepntdìþns rnluckren`tn
iu`jda`ërdas ekds prahutdvas.n hdstrdfuåeas prïedas pkrk `assas

^snd nssk mdstúrdk jaea ue nstuha hn jksa, kpnskr hn tnr kja`tnjdha më ;>
k`as. Nu `êa kjma qun ed`mk ekrjk idjau `nssk rnvdstk au ne `n`mue has
pralrkeks qun depcnen`tnd. Zdepcnsen`tn iad ue nxnepca ha qun pahn snr
indta jae uek sdtukìêa hdiåjdc n hnskidkhark. Kcäe hdssa, ä tkefäe ue
 nxnepca a`hn nu tdvn k cdfnrhkhn hn depcnen`tkr ed`mks dhndks n cnvë-cks k
jkfa.
K neprnsk tar`au-sn k Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks . @ús vn`jneas hn
ca`ln `asskHn`tra
nstrktäldk. ja`jarrï`jdk nemkvåkeas
hn ue k`a tahas ashafrkha
kspnjtas? vn`hks,
`assks khed`dstrkìêa
vn`hks. N hafrkeasn
nssn `ÿenra `avken`tn `a snlu`ha k`a. N n`têa hafrkeas a `ÿenra qun oë
mkvdk jrnsjdha huks vnzns pnca tnrjndra k`a snludha. Jaea nxpcdqund `a

Jkpåtuca Znds, iad par dssa qun a Jmkrcdn Eu`lnr en jmkeau ka snu nsjrdtúrda
n hdssn? –Jmnt, vajï tne jnrtnzk hn qun `êa nstë en`td`ha, trkpkjnk`ha au
raufk`ha1 Ne tahas enus k`as hn trkfkcma, `u`jk vd `d`luäe hafrkr ks
vn`hks ne trïs k`as snludhas―.
Hnd uek rdskhk. –@êa Jmkrcdn, nstkeas kpn`ks ikzn`ha ekrgntd`l n
vn`hn`ha encmar qun qukcqunr ue hn `assas jaepntdharns―.
N k encmar pkrtn iad nstk? @khk hdssa iad têa hdiåjdc. A d`lrnhdn`tn jmkvn,
enus kedlas, ä uek afstd`khk hdsjdpcd`k n hntnred`kìêa. Zn vajï qunr tnr
uek Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks , vajï sdepcnsen`tn prnjdsk iajkr-sn
ja`sdstn`tnen`tn `ks ;6 ërnks hn mkfdcdhkhns hnstn cdvra. Kqud nstë ed`mk
praenssk k vajï? Zn idznr hnstn cdvra suk fåfcdk hn vn`hks, ekrgntd`l n
khed`dstrkìêa n a nstuhkr ja`td`uken`tn, `u`jk prnjdskrë skfnr hn ekds `khk
pkrk haed`kr snu enrjkha. Dssa n uek afstd`khk hntnred`kìêa.
 

@atks

;. 
;.  G`ncc, Nrdj. –< Jarparktn Vnh Ickls.― Fusd`nss Id`k`jn Eklkzd`n,
Kulustt
Kulus 6226.
mttp?//www.fusd`nssi`k`jnekl.jae/eklkzd`n/krjmdvns/krtdjcn.mtec1
krtdjcnDH5;:=4;..
krtdjcnDH5;:=4;
6. 
6. www.n`trnprn`nur.jae
www.n`trnprn`nur.jae..
:.
:.   Xzu, Zu`. Xmn Krt ai \kr. Hdspa`åvnc ne
mttp?//jckssdjs.edt.nhu/Xzu/krtwkr.mtec.
mttp?//jckssdjs.edt.nhu/Xzu/krtwkr.mtec.
8. Id`gcnstnd`, Va`. \mkt Zujjnssiuc Fusd`nssns
8. Id`gcns Fusd`nssns Mkvn d` Jaeea` (nzd`n).
N`trnprn`nur.jae
N`trnprn`nur.jae   (jdtnh Kprdc ;8, 6229). Hdspa`åvnc ne
mttp?//www.n`trnprn`nur.jae/ek`klnen`t/cnkhnrsmdp/krtdjcn=
mttp?//w ww.n`trnprn`nur.jae/ek`klnen`t/cnkhnrsmdp/krtdjcn=:<98.mtec
:<98.mtec..
>. 
>.  –Kttar`ny kt 
kt  Ckw,― \dgdpnhdk. Kvkdckfcn irae
mttp?//n
mttp?//n``.wdgdpnhdk.arl/w/d`hnx.pmp1
tdtcn5Ktttar`nyQktQckw&achdh54:;2:2>=
tdtcn5K tar`nyQktQckw&achdh54:;2:2>=   (kjnsskha ne 66 hn Hnznefra
hn 6229
6229).
9. 
9.  @djmacs, s, Vkcpm L. –\mkt Jk` Fn Ha`n Kfaut Cdstn`d`l1―
Cdstn`d`l1― Xmn
Zupnrvdsar—s @atnfaag, vac. 66, `a. ; (Zprd`l ;492).
mttp?//
mttp?//w
www.hkrteautm.nhu/~kjsgdccs/hajs/;2QfkhQcdstn`d`lQmk-fdts.haj

<. (kjnsskha
<.  \dek`, neV.6:T.,
hn Hnznefra
k`h \. J.hn Ednrmn`ry.
6229). –Hkcns Cnkr`d`l Ja`n ai
Nxpnrdn`jn.― Nhujktda`kc Enhdk, Jmkrcns Enrrdcc, ;494.
=. 
=.  Earta`, Odcc. Jacars Xmkt Zncc? Xrdnh k`h Xnstnh Jacar Zjmnens.
Hdspa`åvnc ne
mttp?//www.jacarvaahaa.jae/jvaahaa4Qjacarstmktsncc.mtec.
mttp?//www.jacarvaahaa.jae/jvaahaa4Qjacarstmktsncc.mtec.
4. \kdtcny, Hn`ds. Znnhs ai Lrnkt`nss? Xmn Xn` Fnst- Gnpt Znjrnts ai Xatkc
 Zujjnss. @nw Targ? Rajgnt Faags, ;4=8, pp. ;6:‚ 6>.

Å`h
`hdjn
djn Vnedssdva

Kfrkmke ;;6;;6,, ;;:

;;:,, ;44
44,, 62
62<<
khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa? jaea pnhrk iu`hken`tkc 9
  jursas hn<
hn<
  n k jmkvn pkrk a sujnssa 68:
  n nenrlï`jdks62
nenrlï`jdks62
  n prahutdvdhkhn>
prahutdvdhkhn>, <, 62
  n trnd`ken`ta6=
trnd`ken`ta6=,, 64
  nxnrjåjdas safrn;;
safrn;;,, ;8;8,, ;>,
;>, ;9,
;9, ;4
  a d`sdlmt ha Macens ne rnckìê ckìêa â 
â =
  snds pkssas pkrk=
pkrk=, ;;
  tnepa icnxåvnc;9
icnxåvnc;9,, 62
kidcdkhas ekds kcenokhas
kcenokhas  ;;6 ;;6, ;;:
;;:
klrkhnjnr as jcdn`tns patn`jdkds
`jdkds ;99
K Eëqud`k Hnid`dtdvk
Hnid`dtdvk hn Yn`hks? jkrkjtnråstdjks hn >
  en`tkcdhkhn hn669
hn669
  rnpntdìêa jaea jmkvn ne6= ne6=
Kenrdjk` Krt Vnsa
Vnsauurjn
rjns ;:9
KEI ;:8 `åvnds hn ;4:
kprn`hdzkha,
ërnk hn depkjta 4, ;2
;2,, ;;
krluen`tas prd`jdpkds? n vn`hks F6F
kprnsn`tkìþns;>9,, ;9;
  kprnsn`tkìþns;>9
  kuen`tkr ks vn`hks;2>
vn`hks;2>
  jmkvn pkrk a sujnssa68;
sujnssa68;
   jcdn`tns kcenokhas;<8
kcenokhas;<8,, ;<>
  ncnen`tas nssn`jdkds hn ekrgntd`l;2<
ekrgntd`l;2<,,
  ;;4 ;;4,, ;64,
;64, ;:2
;:2,, ;:<,
;:<, ;>6
kssdstn`tns ;=>,
;=>, ;=9,
;=9, ;=<
kssajdkìêa neprnskrdkc ;89
kssuedr k vn`hk 62>,
62>, 629
ktn`hden`ta ka ja`suedhar ;<,
;<, 88
88,, 8>,
8>, ;;<,
;;<,

  ;:=,
;:=, ;>:

F6F ;<>,
;<>, ;<9
;<9,, ;=:,
;=:, ;=8,
;=8, ;=>
;=>,, ;4>
;4>,, 626,
626, 6;2,
6;2,
  6;86;8,, 6;=,
6;=, 6;4
6;4,, 662,
662, 66;
F6J ;=2,
;=2, ;=:
;=:,, ;4>,
;4>, 6;2,
6;2, 6;6
6;6,, 6;9
6;9,, 6;=,
6;=, 666
frd`hns ;<8,
;<8, ;<>,
;<>, ;<9
;<9,, ;<<,
;<<, ;<4,
;<4, ;=:
;=:,, 6;6
Fusd`nss Lrawtm Hy`kedjs 84

jkcn`hërda ;<>
;<>,, ;=6,
;=6, ;=:
Jkcdiar`dk Ckwynr 68;,68;, 686
jkrtks? jrdkìêa has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas
  ;<>,;<>, ;<=,
;<=, ;=6
  n jaea jcdn`tns kcenokhas;42
kcenokhas;42
  iaccaw-up6;;
iaccaw-up6;;,, 6;8,
6;8, 6;>,
6;>, 6;9
6;9,, 6;=,
6;=, 66;,
66;,
  666 666,, 66:
  taqun pnssakc ne6;9
ne6;9
jnrdeø`dk hn prnedkìêa ;89, ;89, 688
  jnrdeø`dks hn prnedkìêa6;2
prnedkìêa6;2
jmkekha â kìêa ;66, ;66, ;<=,
;<=, ;=4
  Xmn Jkracd`k Apry - smaw hn vkrdnhkhns
  ;6<,;6<, ;6=
jaenrjdkds ;;=,
;;=, ;;4
;;4,, ;68
jaea
jaea ktrkdr eavden`ta
snr `atkha ;:= ;:=,
;:=
;:=,, ;88,
;88 , ;82
, ;<9;82,, ;88,
;88, ;84
jaepntdìþns ;=4,
;=4, 682,
682, 68;,
68;, 688
jaeprkharns ;2:,
;2:, ;2>
  kouhk ktrkväs hn `nlújdas666
`nlújdas666,, 66:,
66:, 668
  ktrkdr;>8
ktrkdr;>8,, ;=;,
;=;, ;42
  fk`ja hn hkha;<>
hkha;<>,, ;<9
   jkrkjtnråstdjks;>=
jkrkjtnråstdjks;>=
  å`hdjn hn ja`vnrsêa6:
ja`vnrsêa6:
  oë nxdstn`tns;
nxdstn`tns;
  as ;22 Ekds;<;
Ekds;<;
  tëtdjks pkrk ja`qudstkr jcdn`tns kcenokhas
  ;< ;<,, ;<;
  vkcar vdtkcåjda;;>
vdtkcåjda;;>

ja`jndta ha –Znrvdìa Lachn`― 6, :

ja`idk`ìk ;4>,
;4>, ;49,
;49, 6;:
jrnhdfdcdhkhn ;>4,
;>4, ;9:
;9:,, ;48
jrdtärdas hn jaeprk 96,
96, <:,
<:, <8,
<8, ;<2
;<2,, ;==,
;==,
  ;4=,;4=, 62:,
62:, 62>
62>,, 6;8,
6;8, 686
jupa`s ;66

hkhas hn enrjkha ;, 6, <>,

<>, ;;=,
;;=, ;;4,
;;4, ;6=
;6=,,
  ;==;==,, 626,
626, 68:
hnea`strkìþns >8
hnsjucpkr-sn ;99,
;99, 6;>
hnsnoa, jaea jrdkr 626,
626, 62:,
62:, 6;:
HDZJ, pnridc hn pnrsa`kcdhkhn =;,
=;, =:

nidjëjdk, jaea en`surkr 669,

669, 66<
66<,, 6:8
6:8,,
  682682,, 68;
Ngnr, Mkrv ;;6
;;6,, ;;:
n-ekdc
tnepa;6,, ;:
  khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa;6 ;:,, ;9,
;9, ;=,
;=,
  ;4
  jaea hncntkr;4
hncntkr;4
  ncnen`tas nssn`jdkds hn ekrgntd`l;8
ekrgntd`l;8
   ikxns ka d`väs
iaccaw-up 6;;,, hn6:<
iaccaw-up6;; hn 6:<,
6;:,
6;: , 6:=,
6:=
, 6;8,
6;8 , 682
, 6;>
6;>,, 6;9,
6;9, 6;=,
6;=,
  66; 66;,, 666,
666, 66:
  en`surkr k nidjëjdk682
nidjëjdk682
  trnd`ken`ta safrn:>
safrn:>,, :9
Nenrlï`jdks 62
Nedcy—s Za`l (idcen), ;;2,;;2, ;;;,
;;;, ;68,
;68, ;6>
 Nedcy s Za`l (idcen), ;;2,
;;2, ;;;,
;;;, ;68,
;68, ;6>
Nepdrn Vnsnkrjm Lraup <>
n`trnvdstks =:,
=:, ==,
==, =4
  ktkqun44
ktkqun44
nstdca –vajï-tne-ue-ed`utd`ma1― =, 4
nstrktäldk ha encmar fkdrra
fkdrra;=2,, ;=6
  fkdrra;=2
nstuhas hn jksa ::

nvn`tas hn jkrdhkhn ;88,

;88, ;8>

iktar hn kfsarìêa 624

iktar nsqunjden`ta 6;;
iktas/nstktåstdjks –^ku― ;>4
indrks neprnskrdkds ;;<,
;;<, ;;=,
;;=, ;6:,
;6:, ;:2
;:2,, ;:=,
;:=,
  ;82,
;82, ;8;,
;8;, ;86
;86,, ;8:,
;8:, ;88,
;88, ;89
;89,, ;>:,
;>:, ;<<
;<<,,
  6;26;2,, 666,
666, 688
irkjkssa >2,
>2, 6;;

Lnrfnr, Edjmknc 82
lataenntd`l.jae  ;42
lataenntd`l.jae

Mkccek`, Zjatt 84,

84, >:
>:,, >8
Mdcc, @kpacna` 6:;,
6:;, 682
mdstúrdks, apartu`dhkhns pkrk ;9;,
;9;, ;96
Mdstúrdja =>
Maccywaah ;;2,;;2, ;;;
maavnrs.jae  ;<9
maavnrs.jae
Mapgd`s ;;:
muear ;9<
;9<,, ;9=,
;9=, ;49,
;49, 66;

dhkhn 69
69,, 8=,
8=, =8
depcnen`tkìêa? =8,,hn
;22,
;22 , ;::,
;::pravd`hks
dhädks , ;>4
;>4,, 62> hn
  wargsmaps8:
wargsmaps8:
  nstrktäldks<<
nstrktäldks<<
d`spnìêa ;=
D`tnr`nt <6
<6,, <:,
<:, <>
<>,, ;;<
;;<,, ;:6,
;:6, ;8=,
;8=, ;84
;84,, ;>2,
;>2,
   ;>;,
;>;, ;>:,
;>:, ;49
;49,, 6;6,
6;6, 6;:,
6;:, 6;=

alkr jadsks iark ;4

;4,, 62

cnkhs, n as ncnen`tas nssn`jdkds hn ekrgntd`l ;6:,

;6:, ;:=,
;:=, ;:4,
;:4, ;82
;82,, ;8:
;8:,, ;88
;88,,
;8=
;8=,,
  ;84,;84, ;>;,
;>;, ;>6
Cnvd`sa`, Oky ;;:,
;;:, ;8<

cd`luklne jarparkc ;9>, ;9>, ;4<

cdstks ;:,
;:, ;8,
;8, ;9
;9,, ;4
;4,, ;<>,
;<>, 6:8,
6:8, 68:
cdtnrkturk jarparktdvk ;;<,
;;<, ;64
;64,, ;:2,
;:2, ;>:
cdvnenntd`l.jae  ;42
cdvnenntd`l.jae

ekck hdrntk ;;<

;;<,, ;;=,
;;=, ;6=
;6=,, ;64
;64,, ;<:,
;<:, ;<8
Ek`hassdk`, Kcnx ;8=
ekrgntd`l hn kidcdkhas ;;6,
;;6, ;;8
;;8,, ;;<
;;<,, ;>:
ekrgntd`l? hn kidcdkhas ;;6,
;;6, ;;:
;;:,, ;;8
;;8,, ;;<,
;;<,
  ;>:
  nxnrjåjdas safrn;:;
safrn;:;,, ;::,
;::, ;:>,
;:>, ;:9
;:9,, ;:<,
;:<,
  ;88,
;88, ;89
ekrgntd`l u`didjkha ;;=
enha
rnondìêa629
  hn rnondìêa629
E.Z.Z.X ;>=
euhk`ìks, hn jdek pkrk fkdxa <6

–as trïs Rs― :=

:=,, :4,
:4, >:,
>:, ><
><,, 6;2
authaar ;6<,
;6<, ;6=

pkhrþns, pnriarek`jn ;46,

;46, 62=
pëld`ks
pkcnstrk hk D`tnr`nt
a`cd`n ;8=,;::,
;8=, ;::
;84,,,;>2,
;84 ;>2
;>2,,;<9
;>2, ;<9,
;>4,,,;42
;>4 ;42,
;42, 6;6
pkcnstrks :;,
:;, ;>:
prahuta au snrvdìa jartnsdk 62<,
62<, 62=
prapklk`hk ;;<
;;<,, ;;4,
;;4, ;6;,
;6;, ;66
;66,, ;69
;69,, ;6=,
;6=,
  ;:2;:2,, ;89,
;89, ;>2
;>2,, ;>;,
;>;, ;>6,
;>6, 62:
62:,, 6;8
 pravk jkfkc <9,
<9, <<,
<<, ;==

rnjursas vdsukds? k departæ`jdk hn ;>8,

;>8, ;>>,
;>>,
  ;><,
;><, ;>=
  n trnd`ken`ta:2
trnd`ken`ta:2,, ;>>
rnlrk –taqun-a uek vnz― ;6,
;6, ;:,
;:, ;9

Zdepsa`, Kck` 62;

–sde sutdc―, pëld`ks hk D`tnr`nt ;84

så`tnsn >9
>9,, ;4:
sacuìþns >;>;,, >6,
>6, 626,
626, 62:,
62:, 66=
sujnssa? jmkvn pkrk a 68;,68;, 686
686,, 68:
  ainrnjnr kouhk pkrk aftnr66:
aftnr66:
tkcn`tas >6
>6,, >:
tëtdjks? hnid`dìêa hn >=
  tdpas hn nxnjutdvas>4
nxnjutdvas>4,, 6:8
tncnja`inrï`jdks ;:;,
;:;, ;:6
;:6,, ;8<,
;8<, ;8=,
;8=, ;>2
;>2,, ;<:
tncnia`n? n iaccaw-up 6;;,
6;;, 6;=
6;=,, 6;4
  jaea depcnen`tkr `avas prajnhden`tas
  pkrk>8,, >>
pkrk>8
  wargsmaps ktrkväs hn86 hn86,, 8:
tncnvdsêa ;;4,
;;4, ;62,
;62, ;66
;66,, ;68
;68,, ;69,
;69, ;6<
tnstkr :8
:8,, >6,
>6, >:
>:,, >8
tnstns surprnsk :8,
:8, >9
>9,, ;4:
;4:,, 68:
Xmn Zman Jaepk`y 62;
tae ;9>
;9>,, ;=9,
;=9, ;=<,
;=<, ;==
;==,, ;4<
trkfkcmkr ekds d`tncdln`tnen`tn >, <8
Xrkjy ;;:
trnd`ken`ta? fn`niåjdas hn 8;
  khed`dstrkìêa ha tnepa6=
tnepa6=,, 64
   kefdn`tn
jackfarkìêapkrkha:2Ngnr-Macens pkrk;;6
pkrk:2 pkrk;;6
  jaea pnhrk iu`hken`tkc9
iu`hken`tkc9
  ja`stk`tn:>
ja`stk`tn:>,, :9,
:9, :<
  nstdca hn skck-hn-kuck66
skck-hn-kuck66
  nxnrjåjdas safrn:8
safrn:8,, :9
   iaccaw up6=
up6=,, 6;2
6;2,, 6;:
6;:,, 66:
  mkfdcdhkhns hn vn`hks;46
vn`hks;46,, 62=
  ek`ukds pkrk:4
pkrk:4
  eätaha trdfkc hn66
hn66
  eaha rnktdva6<
rnktdva6<
  afrdlktúrda66
afrdlktúrda66,, :>
  pkhrþns:<
pkhrþns:<
  pkrk jrdsns6<
jrdsns6<

  prahutdvdhkhn:8
prahutdvdhkhn:8
  qukcdhkhn68
qukcdhkhn68
  rnjursas vdsukds pkrk;>>
pkrk;>>
  rnpntdìêa6=
rnpntdìêa6=
  safrn a ja`jndta has ;22 Ekds Kcenokhas
  ;<6
  tnj`acaldk:8
tnj`acaldk:8
trnd`ken`ta hn hnea`strkìêa :;,:;, :6
trnd`ken`ta hn nvn`ta >
trnd`ken`ta ne tnj`acaldk :8
trnd`ken`ta pkrk jrdsns 69,
69, 6<

^`dtnh Euctd-Ikedcy ;64

^ZR (prapastk ÿ`djk hn vkcar) <;,
<;, 686
vkcar, ja`struìêa hn 62;
vn`hks pkrk d`icun`jdkharns ha enrjkha
  ;8>
vcd`gcdvn.jae  ;42
vcd`gcdvn.jae

\kc-Ekrt 6;<,
6;<, 6;=
\nccs Ikrla Fk`g ;=9
wargsmaps? fn`niåjdas hn 8;
   jaea
kln`hken`ta
kln`hken`ta8;8; dhädks pravd`hks hn
depcnen`tkr
  8:,8:, ><
  jaea encmarkr>>
encmarkr>>
  hdrntarns nxnjutdvas ne82
ne82,, >;
  n k jmkvn pkrk a sujnssa68:
sujnssa68:
   n jaea ja`trktkr supnrnstrncks;2;
supnrnstrncks;2;
  n mkfdcdhkhns hn vn`hks62=
vn`hks62=
  n a tkek`ma hk neprnsk:4
neprnsk:4,, 8;
  nstkfncnjden`ta hn entks6::
entks6::
  n trnd`ken`ta:4
trnd`ken`ta:4
  nxärjdta hn ue maene sú89
sú89
  a prdendra8;
prdendra8;
  as pkssas pkrk ue \argsmap Nxjnpjda`kc

  8;,8;, 8:
  –as trïs Rs―:=
Rs―:=,, :4,
:4, 82
82,, >:,
>:, ><
  pkrk lnrkr sacuìþns>;
sacuìþns>;
  pnca tncnia`n86
tncnia`n86

]nrax 6;9
6;9,, 68;

zkphktk.jae  ;2<
zkphktk.jae ;2<,, ;<>