Ventilation for Acceptable

Indoor Air Quality

62.1-2007

D a ve Ka h n , P.E.
The Industries Ventilation Standard
Consensus Standard
Standard of Care
Used in NFPA 5000 Building
Construction and Safety Code
LEED Requirement
Not adopted by 06 IMC –Some
similarities
1973 First Issued office 15 cfm/p
1981 Lower Rates office 5 cfm/p
1989 Higher Rates office 20 cfm/p
1999 Little Change office 20 cfm/p
2001 More Mandatory Language
2004 occupancy component +
area component
2007 Incorporate Addendums
Exceptions to 65% RH requirements for
dehumidification systems
Appendix B references expanded & updated
Added Appendix H documentation requirements
Separation of ETS areas
Requirement for residential spaces in buildings
over 3 stories
Means to balance the system to achieve minimum
airflow.
Design documentation to state ventilation rate and
air distribution assumptions.
Controls to enable the fan to operate whenever
the spaces served are occupied.
VAV systems with fixed OA dampers must comply
at minimum supply airflow.
MERV 6 filters upstream of all coils or other
devices with wetted surfaces.
Treatment of Outdoor air is required if in a
“nonattainment” area.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAAQS
1. Ozone
2. Particulate Matter
3. Carbon Monoxide
4. Sulfur Oxides
5. Nitrogen Dioxide
6. Lead
Prescriptive
Space must be within 25’ of permanent wall or
roof opening
Openable area 4%of net occupiable floor area
Free area of opening must be used
Ventilation through adjoining rooms can be used
Engineered
Must be approved by the Authority Having
Jursdiction
Ventilation Rate Procedure
Most commonly used method
Lookup table
Need zone air distribution effectiveness
LEED requires this method

Indoor Air Quality Procedure

Design to maintain specific contaminant levels
Mass Balance Analysis
Methods used in similar buildings
Validation by contaminant monitoring
Ventilation
Rate
Procedure
Use of building code occupant
densities is not required by the
standard
Use actual number of
occupants (maximum)
Use ASHRAE default valves
form Table 6-1
 Single zone 2007

High School classroom 35’x35’ 30 people

Vbz = RpPz + RaAz (Breathing Zone air flow rate)
10 cfm /person 10 * 30 = 300 cfm
0.12 cfm/ft2 0.12 * 35 * 35 = 147 cfm
300 + 147 = 447 cfm
Zone outdoor airflow Voz =Vbz/Ez
447 /1 = 447 cfm or 14.9 cfm/person
 Single zone 2001

High school classroom 35’ x 35’ 30 people

15 cfm /person 15 * 30 = 450 cfm cfm

 Single zone 2007

Hotel auditorium – 40’x30’, 170 people

Vbz = RpPz + RaAz
5 cfm /person 5 * 170 = 850 cfm
0.06 cfm/ft2 0.06 * 40 * 30 = 72 cfm
850 + 72 = 922 cfm
Zone outdoor airflow Voz =Vbz/Ez
922 /1 = 922 cfm or 5.4 cfm/person
Standard does not prescribe
specific ventilation rate
requirements for spaces that
contain smoking or that do not
meet the requirements in the
standard for separation from
spaces that contain smoking
ETS free areas shall be at a
positive pressure with respect to
any adjacent or connected ETS
areas
Primary outdoor air fraction Zp
Zp = Voz/Vpz
Voz - zone outdoor airflow
Vpz - minimum zone primary
airflow (supply air)
“the simplest way to find the
maximum Zp is to calculate the
value for all zones and choose
the highest, it is not necessary
to do that….”
Vou = DSall zonesRpPz + Sall zones RaAz
Vou - uncorrected outdoor air intake
D - occupant diversity = Ps/ Sall zones Pz
Ps -total population of area served
by the system
Pz - largest number of people
in the zone
Vot = Vou/Ev
Vot - design outdoor air intake flow
Vou - uncorrected outdoor air intake
Ev - ventilation efficiency from Table 6-3
or Appendix A
Table 6-3 approach
Manual calculation may result in more OA
Appendix A approach
Spreadsheet
 Zones served by system Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

Space type (select from pull-down list) Office Reception Classrooms (age 9 Conference / Office
space areas plus) meeting space

Az Floor area of zone, ft2 1000 1000 1000 500

Pz Zone population, largest # of people expected 20 4 20 10

to occupy zone

Rp Area outdoor air rate from Table 6.1, cfm/ft2 5 5 10 5 5

Ra People outdoor air rate from Table 6.1,

cfm/person 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.06

Pz* 100 20 200 50 0

Rp

Az* 60 60 120 30 0
Ra

Ez Zone air distribution effectiveness, Table 6.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Voz Outdoor airflow to the zone corrected for zone 178 89 356 89 #DIV/0!
air distribution effectiveness, (Pz*Rp +
Az*Ra)/Ez, cfm

Vpz Primary airflow to zone from air handler. In 1200 1200 1200 1200
VAV systems, use the design value. cfm

Vpz The minimum value of the primary airflow to 1200 1200 1200 1200
m zone from air handler. In CAV systems, Vpzm
= Vpz. cfm

Zp Primary outdoor air fraction, Voz/Vpzm 0.15 0.07 0.30 0.07

SYSTEM LEVEL

Ps System population, maximum simultaneious # of occupants of 25

space served by system

D Occupant diversity, ratio of system peak occupancy to sum of space 0.46

peak occupancies, = Ps/ Pz

Vou Uncorrected outdoor air intake, = D* Rp*Pz + Ra*Az, cfm 441

Xs Mixing ratio at primary air handler of uncorrected outdoor air intake 0.09 Not used in calculation
to system primary flow, = Vou/Vps

SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

Max Zp Max Zp 0.30

Ev System ventilation efficiency, Table 6.3 based on maxZp 0.80

Percent outdoor air intake

Vot Minimum outdoor air intake, Vou/Ev, cfm 552 11% = Vot/Sum of Vpz
Time Averaging
Fluctuating occupancy
Intermittent interruption of the supply air
flow
Intermittent closure of the OA damper
Reset outdoor air intake flow.
Occupancy
Expected occupancy scheduled by time of day.
Occupancy sensors.
Estimate occupancy based on CO2.
Air Distribution Efficiency
If min OA determined in heating mode, OA can be reduced during
cooling due to a higher Ez
Solve equations in appendix A dynamically based on zone and
system flows to reset zone minimums and outdoor airflow.
Don’t drop below the area outdoor air rate Ra.
Economically limited to high-density occupancies.
 CO2 with VAV Systems
%CO2 = (CR -400)/(CR-max – 400) 400 ppm ambient assumed

CR –zone concentration
Cooling Max

Zone Minimum Primary System OA Setpoint Reset

Airflow Setpoint Reset
“DCV for multiple zone recirculating systems
has not been adequately developed at this
time.”
Read the standard
Handbook is available
ASHRAE courses