13. a] The active element of a certain laser is made of a glass rod 30.0 cm long by 1.50 cm in diameter. If the temp ture of the rod inc! 's by 65.0°C, what is the incr (a) its length, (b) its diameter, and (c) its volum: that the average coefficient of linear expansion of the glass is 9.00 X 107° (°C) ~! e in sume 24. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco has a main span of length 1.28 km—one of the longest in the world. Imag- ine that a taut steel wire with this length and a cross-sec- tional area of 4.00 X 107° m? is laid on the bridge deck with its ends attached to the towers of the bridge, on a sum- of the wire is 35.0°C. (a) When winter arrives, the towers stay the same distance apart and the bridge deck keeps the same shape as its ex- pansion joints open. When the temperature drops to — 10.0°C, what is the tension in the wire? Take Young’s modulus for steel to be 20.0 X 10!° N/m2. (b) Permanent deformation occurs if the stress in the steel exceeds its elas- tic limit of 3.00 X 10° N/m?. At what temperature would this happen? (c) What If? How would your answers to (a) and (b) change if the Golden Gate Bridge were twice as long? mer day when the temperatua7.]A mercury thermometer is constructed as shown in Figure P19.47. The capillary tube has a diameter of 0.004 00 cm, T,+ AT Figure P19.47 Problems 47 and 48. and the bulb has a diameter of 0.250 cm. Neglecting the expansion of the glass, find the change in height of the mercury column that occurs with a temperature change of 30.0°C.50. A cylinder is closed by a piston connected to a spring of constant 2.00 X 103N/m (see Fig. P19.50). With the spring relaxed, the cylinder is filled with 5.00 L of gas at a re of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 20.0°C. (a) If tional area of 0.010 0 m? and neg- the piston has a cro ligible mass, how high will it rise when the temperature is raised to 250°C? (b) What is the pressure of the gas at 250°C? 250°C 20°C Figure P19.50 49. Review problem. An aluminum pipe, 0.655 m long at 20.0°C and open at both ends, is used as a flute. The filled is soon as you start to play it. After pipe is cooled to a low temperature but then i with air at 20.0°C that, by how much does its fundamental frequency change as the metal rises in temperature from 5.00°C to 20.0°C?