EJEMPLO DE ENSAYO DE RESISTENCIA A LA COMPRESIÓN UNIAXIAL

Se incluye a continuación un ejemplo del ensayo de compresión uniaxial en la Universidad Tecnológica del Perú.
Determinar:
a) La gráfica de la curva de deformación - tensión axial
b) Módulo de Elasticidad Tangente
c) Módulo de Elasticidad Media
d) Módulo de Elasticidad Secante

Diámetro D 8.00 cm H/D 2.5 a 3 2.63

2
Área probeta (A) 50.27 cm El diámetro deberá ser 10 veces superior al tamaño del grano mayor de la r
Altura H 21.00 cm El díametro no debe ser menor de 50 mm
3
Volumen probeta (V) 1060.6 cm

Fuerza Deformación Deformación Deformación Deformación Deformación Deformación

longitudinal longitudinal longitudinal circunferencial circunferencial circunferencial TENSIÓN TENSIÓN
kp Galga 1 Galga 2 media Galga 1 Galga 2 media kp/cm2 N/mm2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
77.88 -95.0857 -19.6571 57.3714 -0.4571 -0.9113 0.6842 1.55 0.15 57.3714
152.34 -154.5143 -80.9143 117.7143 15.0857 0.0000 -7.5429 3.03 0.30 117.7143
226.04 -214.8572 -151.7714 183.3143 33.8286 2.2857 -18.0572 4.50 0.44 183.3143
304.30 -287.5429 -260.5714 274.0572 63.5429 6.4000 -34.9715 6.05 0.59 274.05715
377.91 -365.7143 -384.4572 375.0858 100.5714 11.8857 -56.2286 7.52 0.74 375.08575
451.61 -455.7714 -519.3143 487.5429 148.5714 19.6571 -84.1143 8.98 0.88 487.54285
525.32 -561.3715 -661.0286 611.2001 214.4000 31.0857 -122.7429 10.45 1.02 611.20005
 599.02 -684.3429 -807.3143 745.8286 303.0857 42.5143 -172.8000 11.92 1.17 745.8286
677.66 -826.9715 -971.8858 899.4287 429.7143 53.4857 -241.6000 13.48 1.32 899.42865
751.26 -975.5429 -1127.7715 1051.6572 580.1143 59.4286 -319.7715 14.94 1.46 1051.6572
825.16 -1137.3715 -1287.7715 1212.5715 768.4572 63.0857 -415.7715 16.41 1.61 1212.5715
903.79 -1316.5715 -1466.5144 1391.5430 1016.2286 64.4571 -540.3429 17.98 1.76 1391.54295
977.59 -1487.0858 -1639.7715 1563.4287 1297.8286 65.8286 -681.8286 19.45 1.91 1563.42865
1051.30 -1650.7429 -1825.8287 1738.2858 1627.8857 69.9429 -848.9143 20.91 2.05 1738.2858
1124.91 -1824.9144 -2029.2572 1927.0858 1993.1429 77.2571 -1035.2000 22.38 2.19 1927.0858
1203.45 -2014.6287 -2257.3715 2136.0001 2414.1715 93.7143 -1253.9429 23.94 2.35 2136.0001
1277.06 -2184.2300 -2499.2001 2341.7151 2846.1716 114.7129 -1480.4423 25.40 2.49 2341.71505
1350.47 -2338.7430 -2765.2573 2552.0002 3342.6287 140.3429 -1741.4858 26.86 2.63 2552.00015
1424.08 -2474.0573 -3063.7716 2768.9145 3989.4859 177.3714 -2083.4287 28.33 2.78 2768.91445
1531.84 -2516.1144 -3667.6573 3091.8859 5965.2574 361.1429 -3163.2002 30.47 2.99 3091.88585
1291.38 -2107.8858 -3313.8287 2710.8573 -12079.0863 648.2286 5715.4289 25.69 2.52 2710.85725

Ϭµ 2.99
ño del grano mayor de la roca

Def. Longitudinal
0 U
5.73714E-05 0.011925803
0.0001177143 0.064077601
0.0001833143 0.098503772
0.00027405715 0.127606413
0.00037508575 0.149908521
0.00048754285 0.172526887
0.00061120005 0.200822709
 0.0007458286 0.231688621
0.00089942865 0.26861497
0.0010516572 0.304064338
0.0012125715 0.342884069
0.00139154295 0.388304831
0.00156342865 0.436111107
0.0017382858 0.488362903
0.0019270858 0.537184177
0.0021360001 0.587051892
0.00234171505 0.632204268
0.00255200015 0.682400352
0.00276891445 0.752435183
0.00309188585 1.023064985
0.00271085725 2.108347406
0.37498717
 Curva de deformación
35

Tension N/mm2
30

25

20

15

10

0
-3500 -2500 -1500 -500
rva de deformación - tensión axial
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
-500 500 1500 2500 3500

Deformación Axial (10-6)

 ELASTICIDAD TANGENTE
3.5
Tension N/mm2

3
f(x) = − 165550.713178403 x² + 1400.07727150435 x + 0.158050401905633
R² = 0.995339869084516
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0016 0.002

Def. Longitudinal Media

 TENSIÓN
D TANGENTE N/mm2
0.15
0.30
0.44
0.59
0.74
0.88
401905633
1.02
1.17
1.32
1.46
1.61
1.76
1.91
2.05
2.19
2.35
2.49
2.63
2.78
2.99
Xmedio

0.0016 0.002 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032 polinomio

tangente
ngitudinal Media Modulo de
elasticidad
tangente
Deformacion TENSIÓN(polinomio)
Longitudinal N/mm2
0.0000573714 0.2378808
0.0001177143 0.3206178
0.0001833143 0.4091952
0.0002740572 0.5293733
0.0003750858 0.6599663
0.0004875429 0.8013576
0.0006112001 0.9519970
0.0007458286 1.1102452
0.0008994287 1.2834639
0.0010516572 1.4474287
0.0012125715 1.6124068
0.0013915430 1.7858277
0.0015634287 1.9423986
0.0017382858 2.0916388
0.0019270858 2.2414128
0.0021360001 2.3933879
0.0023417151 2.5289149
0.0025520002 2.6529706
0.0027689145 2.7655963
0.0030918859 2.9044219
0.0010954150 1.4931403 Ymedio 1.4931402

-165551 x2 + 1400.1 x + 0.1581

-331102 x + 1400.1

1037.41 N/mm2
 ELASTICIDAD MED
3.5

Tension N/mm2
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0016

Def. Longitudinal
ELASTICIDAD MEDIA

Xmin
Xmax
∆X

Ymin
Ymax
∆Y

Modulo de
elasticidad
media

0.0012 0.0016 0.002 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032

Def. Longitudinal Media

 0.0012
0.0019
0.0007

1.600
2.185
0.585

835.7143 N/mm2
 ELASTICI
3.5

Tension N/mm2
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012

De
 ELASTICIDAD SECANTE

0.0008 0.0012 0.0016 0.002 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032

Def. Longitudinal Media

Xmin 0.0000
Xmax 0.0011
∆X 0.0011

Ymin 0.000
Ymax 1.493
∆Y 1.493

Modulo de
elasticidad 1357.400221 N/mm2
secante