Java Database Connectivity

JDBC

JDBC is an API with set of classes and interfaces

present in package java.sql
Thick Client

JAVA
APP DRIVER Supporting Software DB

Thin CLIENT SERVER

Client
JAVA
DRIVER DB
APP

CLIENT SERVER
 JDBC

JDBC supports 4 types of Drivers

Thick Drivers:
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver.
Native-API Partly Java Driver
Thin Drivers:
Net-Protocol Fully Java Driver
Native-Protocol Fully Java Driver
 JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver (TYPE – I)
JDBC API access via one or more ODBC drivers.
Binary code be loaded on each client machine

JDBC-ODBC BRIDGE
J O
JAVA D D
DB
APP B B
C C
SERVER

CLIENT
 ODBC
The Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) interface by Microsoft allows
applications to access data in database management systems (DBMS)
using SQL as a standard for accessing the data.

connection
DRIVER 1
DB
Request connection
CLIENT DRIVER 2
Application DB
DRIVER 3 connection
DB
ODBC Driver
Manager SERVER
 Native-API Partly Java Driver (TYPE – II)
Binary code should be loaded on each client machine
Converts JDBC calls into calls on the client API for all databases

J ORACLE
OCI
JAVA D
App B
DB Library SQL
C Server

CLIENT SERVER
 Net-Protocol Fully Java Driver (TYPE – III)
The specific protocol used depends on the vendor

Type 1 DB1
Middle
Protocol 1 ware Type 2 DB2
JAVA Type 3
Appli
App Driver
cation
Type 4
DB3

APPLICATION SERVER
CLIENT SERVER
Native-Protocol Fully Java Driver(TYPE – IV)

Direct call from the client to the DBMS server and is a practical solution
for Intranet access.
protocols are proprietary to database vendors, primary source for this
style of driver.

JAVA JDBC Data Base

App Driver
PROTOCOL

User Sockets & Streams

 JDBC

The 4 steps to connect to database are:

Loading the Driver.
Getting the Connection to database.
Executing the SQL Query.
Closing the Connection.
 Loading Driver

Syntax for loading the Class file

Class.forName(“Driver Class Name”);

Example for Jdbc-Odbc bridge driver:

Class.forName(“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
 JDBC drivers by various Vendors

Jdbc-Odbc Bridge : sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver

Oracle : oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

DB2 : com.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver

Pointbase : com.pointbase.jdbc.JdbcUniversalDriver

Sybase : com.sybase.jdbc2.jdbc.SybDriver

SQL-Server : weblogic.jdbc.mssqlserver4.Driver
 Data Source Name (DSN)

User DSN
Available for user who creates and stores in
registry
System DSN
Available for all users and stores in registry
 Various ways of getting database connection
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:odbc:dsnname”);

DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:odbc:dsnname”, “username”,
“password”);

DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:oracle:oci”, “username”,
“password”);

DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:oracle:thin:@ipaddress:port:s
erviceId”, “username”, “password”)
 Statement

Statement
It is used to execute SQL statements
Prepared Statement
Used to prepare statements with place holders(?) to set
the values at run time
Callable Statement
Used to execute functions or procedures available in
data base
 Statement

A Statement object is used for executing a static SQL

statement and obtaining the results produced by it.

Statement smt = con.createStatement();

ResultSet rs = smt.executeQuery(“Select_Queries”);

int n = smt.executeUpdate(“DML_Queries”);

boolean b = smt.execute(“Any_Query”);
 ResultSet

Is an Object which stores data of the select statement result in

records and fields form.

By default it is Forward Only and Read Only.

Result Set Navigation and updating is possible from new API

version 1.2 onwards.
 ResultSet

Navigating from one record to another

boolean b = rs.next()

Extracting values from ResultSet is possible either by Field Name or Field

Index

Column Index
int n=rs.getInt(1);
or
Column Name
int n = rs.get(“empID”);

String s=rs.getString(1);
or
String s=rs.getString(“empName”);
 ResultSetMetaData

It is Data about Data of ResultSet like field names, no.

of Columns etc.

ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();

int count = rsmd.getColumnCount();

String fname = rsmd.getColumnName(int index);
String dn = rsmd.getColumnTypeName(int index);
 PreparedStatement
A PreparedStatement object is used when an application plans to reuse a
statement multiple times.
The application prepares the SQL Statement it plans to use. Once prepared,
the application can specify values for parameters (if any) in the prepared
SQL statement.

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(“Query with Place

Holders”);

Examples:

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(“select * from emp

where empno=?”);

Place Holder
 PreparedStatement

PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(“insert into emp

(empno,ename) values(?,?)”);

ps.setInt(1,102); Set values for

ps.setString(2, “Scott”); place holders

Executing the PreparedStatement

ResultSet rs=ps.executeQuery();
int n=ps.executeUpdate();
boolean b=ps.execute();
 Statement vs PreparedStatement

A Statement object
Doesn’t contain a SQL statement at the time of creation.
Compiled and executed every time

A PreparedStatement object
Is a precompiled Statement
Contains a SQL statement at the time of creation.
Support for Place holders, (Ex: For data type blob, clob,
binaryStream)
Function
create or replace function DemoFunction (id number)
return varchar2 is
temp varchar2(20);
begin
select name into temp from Student where
rollno=id;
return temp;
end DemoFunction;
Procedure
create or replace procedure DemoProcedure(sname
varchar2, rno number) is
begin
insert into Student values(sname,rno);
end DemoProcedure;
 CallableStatement

 A CallableStatement is used to call stored procedures that return values. The

CallableStatement has methods for retrieving the return values of the stored
procedure.

CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall(“{call prod(?,?)}”);

= con.prepareCall("{?=call fun(?)}");

Example:

CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall(“{call emp.insert(?,?)}”);

 CallableStatement

CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall(“{?=call empSal(?)}”);

cs.registerOutParameter(1, java.sql.Types.INTEGER);

cs.setInt(2,102);

cs.executeUpdate();

int result = cs.getInt(1);

 CallableStatement
java.sql.Types

java.sql.Types.DATE
java.sql.Types.DOUBLE
java.sql.Types.TIME
java.sql.Types.FLOAT
java.sql.Types.VARCHAR
java.sql.Types.INTEGER
java.sql.Types.TIMESTAMP
java.sql.Types.NUMERIC
java.sql.Types. CHAR
java.sql.Types.BOOLEAN
java.sql.Types.BLOB
java.sql.Types.CLOB
 Example Program

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl",
"scott", "tiger");
CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall("{?=call empSal(?)}");
cs.setInt(2, 7369);
cs.registerOutParameter(1,Types.INTEGER);
cs.executeUpdate();
int x=cs.getInt(1);
System.out.println(" The Value is: "+ x);
con.close();