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UTS 1 FARMAKOLOGI – BLOK NEUROSCIENCE

KAMIS, 14 OKTOBER 2010

1) D
2) D
3) B-vasodilator,called a "blood thinner"
4) D
5) C-benzodiazepine derivative drug.anxiety, insomnia, and symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal
6) A-pupil midrasis for severe sedativehypnotic intoxication
7) C-because they affect prostaglandins, substances that may cause cramping as well as adding to the
headache response.
8) A-Isometheptene Mucate, a sympathomimetic amine, acts by constricting dilated cranial and
cerebral arterioles, thus reducing the stimuli that lead to vascular headaches. Dichloraiphenazone,
a mild sedative, reduces the patient's emotional reaction to the pain of both vascular and tension
headaches. Acetaminophen raises the threshold to painful stimuli, thus exerting an analgesic effect
against all types of headaches. 
9) B- typical antipsychotic.antipsychotic drugs relied on their ability to block dopamine receptors
10) D/E
11) A- selective 5HT1D/1B agonist
12) A- propranolol. Utk migrane attacks
13) A- 5HT1D. receptor serotonin pd migrane attack
14) -
15) B- mengantuk. Ada efek somnolence(drowsiness, sleepiness)
16) C- penyakit jantung . kontraindikasi methysergide: nausea,vomit,numbness,agina pain,
Tachycardia/brachycardia, coronary vasospasm.
17) D- Ethosuximade . utk petitmal: absence seizure
18) A- Mengaktifakan receptor muscarinic
19) E- Dopamine menurun
20) B- dopaminergic agonist
21) B- Phenobarbital ( epilepsy grand- mal only 2 med to cure it first line is phenobarbital and 2nd
line is valproic acid so the answer is phenobarbital)
22) D- struktur gingiva (Phenytoin has been associated with drug induced gingival enlargement
(hyperplasia) in the oral cavity probably due to above mentioned folate defiency. )
23) C- Valproic acid (The most widespread clinical usage of calcium channel blockers is to
decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension)
24) C- Carbamazepine (It has been seen as safe for pregnant women to use carbamazepine as a
mood stabilizer.)
25) D- Microglia ( derived from mesodermal cell , has phagocytic activity)
26) E- Serotonin ( monoamine neurotransmitter)
27) A- Glisin (GABA- inhibitory role)
28) E- Prostagladin (member of lipid compound)
29) D- smooth muscle cell of blood vessel. (smooth muscle cell of blood vessel has no role in
permeability)
30) D- (Acetylcholine is metabolized by acetylcholinestrase to acetyl and choline to be reuptake)
31) B- Slide Drug Abuse-slide no.8.
32) C-Slide Drug Abuse
33) A- it effects the CNS-cause dizziness,nystagmus and ataxia(damage to nervous system)
34) B- stimulates parasympathetic side of the autonomic nervous system and causes pupil constriction
35) C-appears as white powder.
Final Test 1, Sem 5

Neuropharmacology and Psychopharmacology (non module)

Oktober 15th 2010

1) D
2) A
3) B-chlorpromazine-antagonist of D2 dopamine sedation effect
4) C-can occur if abruptly withdrawn.
5) A-mode of action, wikipedia.
6) A-Propranolol also is used to treat various arrhythmias (Chapter 34), myocardial infarction
(Chapter 31), congestive heart failure (Chapter 33), pheochromocytoma, and migraine
(prophylactically).Verpamil can also be used but it has modest efficacy.
Source=Goodman gillman,page 189
7) C-Among all the serotonin receptors, only 5 HT 1D and 5HT 2 is involved in the pathogenesis of
migraine.5 HT 1D has a inhibitory effect while 5 HT 2 has an excitatory effect
Source=Goodman gillman,page 206
8) C-Base on question 7
9) B-Gabapentin has also been found effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain and is now
indicated for postherpetic neuralgia in adults at doses of 1800 mg and above. The most common
adverse effects are somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, headache, and tremor
somnolence=Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or
sleeping for unusually long periods
Source=Katzung , page 564
10) C-Although relatively free of the rapidly cumulative vasospastic toxicity of ergotamine, chronic
use of methysergide was sometimes associated with retroperitoneal fibroplasia and subendocardial
fibrosis, possibly through its vascular effects.
Source=Katzung, page 404
11) D-In the case where infectious agents are directly introduced to the brain or cross the blood-brain
barrier, microglial cells must react quickly to decrease inflammation and destroy the infectious
agents before they damage the sensitive neural tissue
12) C-Substances that act as neurotransmitters can be roughly categorized into three major groups: (1)
amino acids (primarily glutamic acid, GABA, aspartic acid & glycine), (2) peptides (vasopressin,
somatostatin, neurotensin, etc.) and (3) monoamines (norepinephrine NA, dopamine DA &
serotonin 5-HT) plus acetylcholine (ACh)
-dopamine,noradrenaline,acetylcholine and serotonin are cathcolamines which is under
monoamines
-Histamine is derived from the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine(AMINO ACID)
13) A-When released into a synapse, glycine binds to a receptor which makes the post-synaptic
membrane more permeable to Cl- ion. This hyperpolarizes the membrane, making it less likely to
depolarize. Thus, glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
14) D-Serotonin is under monoamines
15) D- Three cellular elements of the brain microvasculature compose the BBB-endothelial cells,
astrocyte end-feet, and pericytes (PCs)
16) D
17) B – keinginan memperoleh obat mangalahkan keinginan lain
18) -
19) B - saraf otak dan saraf mata rusak
20) B-produce minimal impairment of human performance on tests of sensory, motor, or attentional
abilities. A large overdose can cause asphyxia and death by respiratory depression if the person
does not receive medical attention immediately.[32] Treatments include administration of
activated charcoal,intravenous fluids, laxatives and naloxone.
21) C-forms- powder form. Method of use- snorted up the nose or injected. Harmful effects- damage
to nose lining, liver, heart attack, seizures, stroke and death.
22) -
23) D- Mechanism:Benzodiazepines target the GABA receptors (GABA is the major inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the CNS). Binding of GABA triggers the opening the Cl- channel resulting in
hyperpolarization pushing the postsynaptic neuron further from the threshold. This results in
suppressing action potential generation. Benzodiazepines exert their effect by binding to a specific
site between the α & γ subunits increasing the affinity of GABA binding. The clinical effects of
BZDs correlate well GABA receptor binding affinity.
24) C-Phenobarbital is a barbiturate, nonselective central nervous systemdepressant which is primarily
used as asedative hypnotic and also as ananticonvulsant in subhypnotic doses. Increased
metabolism in the liver
25) A- Diazepam is a benzodiazepine with CNS depressant properties and a somewhat flatter dose-
response slope than the sedative-hypnotic drugs. Anxiolytic - Sedative - Muscle Relaxant
26) C-golongan benzodiazepine. Improve sleep-related problems by shortening the time spent in bed
before falling asleep, prolonging the sleep time, and, in general, reducing wakefulness. Lorazepam
is an appropriate choice for the short-term treatment of insomnia but withdrawal symptoms,
including rebound insomnia and rebound anxiety, may occur after only 7 days' administration of
lorazepam.
27) C
28) D-first choice drug because lack the idiosyncratic hepatoxicity.
29) –
30) E- reduced activity of dopamine-secreting cells due to cell death in the pars compacta region of
the substantia nigra.
31) B- dopamine agonists that bind to dopaminergic post-synaptic receptors in the brain have similar
effects to levodopa (drugs useful for treating motor symptoms)
32) C- an anticonvulsant, is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal)
33) D-gingival enlargement (hyperplasia) in oral cavity.
34) A- ethosuximide is a T-type calcium channel blocker
35) B/E- An increased risk of congenital malformations have been associated with the use of
anticonvulsants (including ethosuximide) in epileptic women during pregnancy. The manufacturer
states that ethosuximide should only be administered during pregnancy when there are no
alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.

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