UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN MARTÍN

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y ARQUITECTURA

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL

Asignatura:

Álgebra lineal
Tema:
Ejercicios resueltos: Sistemas de ecuaciones lineales y rectas en el espacio

Docente:
Lic. José Enrique Guzmán Antícona

Nombres y apellidos: Código:

María Esmeralda Siancas Cueva 73954700
Philly Ross Sinarahua Rengifo 72155734
Jhon Willy Delgado Fasabi 71198193
Eliseo García Córdova 76646042
Maicol Brian Álvarez Ramos 47617521

Fecha: 25/10/2021
Tarapoto – Perú
 SISTEMAS DE
ECUACIONES LINEALES
 𝑥1
1 1 3 5 −2 𝑥2
2) 0 1 2 −1 −3 𝑥3
0 0 1 2 −1 𝑥4

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 + 5𝑥4 = −2
0𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 − 𝑥4 = −3
𝑥3 + 2𝑥2 = −1 → 𝑥3 = −1 − 2𝑥2

𝑥2 + 2 −1 − 2𝑥2 − 𝑥4 = −3

𝑥2 − 2 − 4𝑥2 − 𝑥4 = −3 → 3𝑥2 + 𝑥4 = 1

𝑥4 = 1 − 3𝑥2
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3 −1 − 2𝑥2 + 5 1 − 3𝑥2 = −2
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3 − 6𝑥2 + 5 − 15𝑥2 = −2

𝑥1 − 20𝑥2 + 2 = −2 → 𝑥1 = −4 − 20𝑥2
Solución:

x1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 = (−4 − 20𝑥2 , 𝑥2 , −1 − 2𝑥2 , 1 − 3𝑥2 )

x1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 = −4, 0, −1, 1 + 𝑥2 (−20, 1, −2, −3)
4) 2x1 + 3x2 − x3 = 9

3x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 = 5

x1 − 6x2 − 5x3 = −9

2 3 −1 x1 9
x2 = 5 𝐴𝑥 = 𝐵
3 4 2
1 −6 −5 x3 −9 𝐴−1 . 𝐴. 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 . 𝐵
𝐼. 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 . 𝐵

1 3 −1 21 2 0 0
2 3 −1 1 0 0 2
3 4 2 0
1
1 0 𝐹1 2 → 𝐹1 3 4 2 0 1 0 𝐹2 − 3𝐹1 → 𝐹2
1 −6 −5 0 0 1 1 −6 −5 0 0 1 𝐹3 − 𝐹1 → 𝐹3

1 3 −1 2 1 2 0 0 3
2 1 2 −1 2 1 0 0
1 7 3 1 2 15
0 − 2 2 − 2 1 0 𝐹2 → 𝐹2 0 1 7 3 −2 0 𝐹2 + 𝐹2 → 𝐹2
2 2 2
0 − 15 2 −9 2−1 2 0 1 0 − 15
1
−9 2− 2 0 1
2
1 3 −1 21 2 0 0 1
2 1 1 3 −1 2 2 0 0
0 1 −7 3 −2 0 𝐹2 − −57 → 𝐹3 2
3 −2 0 𝐹2 + 7𝐹3 → 𝐹2
0 0 −57 22 −15 1 0 1 −7
0 0 1 −22 57 5
19
−1 1
57 𝐹3 + 𝐹3 → 𝐹3
35 5 −1 2
1 32 0 114 38 114
17 −3 −7 3 −8 7 10
0 1 0 57 19 57 𝐹2 − → 𝐹1 57 19 57
2 1 0 0
0 0 1 −22 5 −1 0 1 0 17 −3 −7
57 19 57 57 19 57
0 0 1 −22 5 −1
57 19 57

𝐴−1
−8 7 10
57 19 57 9 −1 𝑥1
𝑥= 17 −3 −7 5 = 3 = 𝑥2
57 19 57
−22 5 −1 −9 −2 𝑥3
57 19 57
6) 𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 12𝑥3 = 6

2𝑥1 + 10𝑥2 − 40𝑥3 = −4

−4𝑥1 − 7𝑥2 + 41𝑥3 = −31

𝐴𝑥 = 𝐵
1 −3 12 𝑥1 6
2 10 −40 𝑥2 = −4 𝐴−1 . 𝐴. 𝑥 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
−4 −7 41 𝑥3 −31

1 −3 12 1 0 0 1
1 −3 12 1 0 0 0 16 −64 −2 1 0 𝐹2 𝑥 → 𝐹2
2 10 −40 0 1 0 𝐹2 − 2𝐹1 → 𝐹2 16
0 −89 89 4 0 1
−4 −7 41 0 0 1 𝐹3 + 4𝐹1 → 𝐹3

1 0 0
1 −3 12 1 0 0 1 −3 12 −1
2 1 −4 −1 1 0 𝐹3 + 19𝐹2 → 𝐹3 0 1 −4 8
1
16 0 𝐹𝑥 1 →𝐹
8 16 2 2
13 19 13
−4 −19 89 4 0 1 0 0 13 1
8 16

1 0 0 1 −57 −12
1 −3 12 −1 1 0 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 → 𝐹2 1 −3 0 2 52 13
2 1 −4 8 16
0 1 03 8 89 4 𝐹2 + 3𝐹2 → 𝐹1
0 0 1 1 19 1 208 13
8 208 13 𝐹1 + 12𝐹3 → 𝐹1 0 0 11 19 4
8 208 13

5 3 0 5 3 0
1 0 0 8 16 𝑥1 8 16 6 3
0 1 03 8 89
208
4
13 → 𝑥2 = 3
8
89
208
4
13 −4 = −9
0 0 11 19 1 𝑥3 1 19 1 −31 −2
8 208 13 8 208 13
 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛 + 𝟔𝒘 = 𝟒
2. 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 + 𝟒𝒘 = 𝟓
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 + 𝟏𝟒𝒘 = −𝟖

9 −3 5 6 4 3 −1 3 14 −8 3 −1 3 14 −8
−2𝐹1 + 𝐹2
6 −2 3 4 5 𝐹13 6 −2 3 4 5 0 0 −3 −24 21
−3𝐹1 + 𝐹3
3 −1 3 14 −8 9 −3 5 6 4 0 0 −4 −36 28

𝐹2 + 𝐹1 3 −1 3 14 −18 𝐹3 + 𝐹4 3 −1 0 −10 13
−𝐹2 + 𝐹3 0 0 −3 −24 21 0 0 0 12 0
−3𝐹3 + 𝐹2 0 0 −1 −12 7 0 0 −1 −12 7
1 1 −1/3 0 −10/3 13/3 1 −173 0 −10/3 13/3
𝐹1 −𝐹2
3 0 0 −1 0 7 −1/12𝐹3 0 0 1 0 −7
−𝐹2 + 𝐹3 0 0 0 −12 0 0 0 0 1 0

𝐴
𝜌𝐴 = 𝑃 , 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐵
𝑟 < 𝑛: 3 < 4 → 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 = 𝑘 = 𝑛 − 𝑟 = 4 − 3 = 1
𝑠𝑖 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑤 = 𝑎
𝟏𝟑 𝒚 𝟏𝟎
𝒙= + + 𝒂
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒚 = −𝟕
𝒂=𝟎
𝒘=𝒂
 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 + 𝒘+= 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒛 − 𝟑𝒘 = 𝟏𝟒
𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 − 𝒘 = −𝟑
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 + 𝟐𝒘 = −𝟏𝟓

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
−2𝐹1
2 1 −1 −3 14 0 −1 −3 −5 10
−𝐹1 + 𝐹3
1 −3 −2 −1 −3 0 −4 −3 −2 −5
−3𝐹1 + 𝐹4
3 −5 2 2 −15 0 −8 −1 −1 −21

1 0 −2 −4 12 1 0 −2 −4 12
𝐹2 + 𝐹1 1
0 −1 −3 −5 10 𝐹3 0 1 3 5 −10
−4𝐹2 + 𝐹3 9
0 0 9 18 45 0 0 1 2 −5
−8𝐹2 + 𝐹4 −𝐹2
0 0 23 39 101 0 0 23 39 −101
1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 2
2𝐹3 + 𝐹1 1
0 1 0 −1 5 0 1 0 −1 5
−𝐹3 + 𝐹2 − 𝐹4
0 0 1 2 −5 7 0 0 1 2 −5
−23𝐹3 + +𝐹4
0 0 0 −7 14 0 0 0 11 −2
1 0 0 0 2
𝐹4 + 𝐹2 0 1 0 0 3
−2𝐹4 + 𝐹3 0 0 1 0 −1
0 0 0 1 −2
𝐴
𝜌 𝐴 =𝜌 = 4 → 𝑇𝐼𝐸𝑁𝐸 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑈𝑁𝐼𝐶𝐴
𝐵

∴ 𝑿 = 𝟐, 𝒀 = 𝟑, 𝒁 = −𝟏, 𝑾 = −𝟐
 X1
1 1 -1 1 -1 X2 5
2 2 -2 1 3 X3 = 2
-1 -1 1 2 1 X4 4
3 3 -3 1 3 X5 3

1 1 -1 1 -1 5 F2-2F1 ----> F2 1 1 -1 1 -1 5
2 2 -2 1 3 2 F3+F1 ----->F3 0 0 0 -1 5 -8
-1 -1 1 2 1 4 F3-3F1 ----->F4 0 0 0 3 0 9
3 3 -3 1 3 3 0 0 0 -2 6 -12

F3+3F2 --->F2 1 1 -1 1 -1 5 1 1 -1 1 -1 5
F4-2F2 --->F4 0 0 0 -1 5 -8 F4+4/15---->F4 0 0 0 -1 5 -8 Ran(A) = 3
0 0 0 0 15 -15 0 0 0 0 15 -15
0 0 0 0 -4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

X1+X2-X3+X4-X5 = 5 --------> X1 = 1+X3 - X2

-X4 + 5 X5 = -8 --------> X4 = 3
15 X5 = -15 --------> X5 = -1

(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) = ( 1 + X3 - X2, X2, X3, 3, -1)

X = (1,0,0,3,-1) + X3 (1, 0, 1, 0, 0)+ X2 (-1,1,0,0)

::::::: > EL SISTEMA TIENE INFINITA SOLUCIONES

 3 1 -1 10 F2 - 1/3F1 --->F2 3 1 -1 10
1 -2 -1 -2 F3 + 1/3 F1 ---> F3 0 ´-7/3 ´-2/3 ´-16/3
-1 1 1 0 F4 - 2/3F1 --->F4 0 ´4/5 ´2/3 ´10/3
2 -1 3- 7 0 ´5/3 ´-7/3 ´1/3

F3 + 4/7 F2 ---> F3 3 1 -1 10 3 1 -1 10
F4 - 5/7 F2 ---> F4 0 -7/3 -2/3 -16/3 F4+13/2 F3 ---> F4 0 -7/3 -2/3 -16/3
0 0 2/7 2/7 0 0 2/7 2/7
0 0 -13/7 29/7 0 0 0 6

NUMEROS DE ECUACIONES = 3 Ran (A) = 4 0=6?

NUMERO DE INCOGNITAS = 3

Ran (A) = NUMERO DE INCOGNITAS

NO TIENE SOLUCION
 𝑥1 + 𝑥2+ 𝑥3 = 1
𝑆𝑖 = −3 𝑥1 = 1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3
1 1 −2 1 𝑥 𝑡 = 1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3
0 −3 3 0
0 0 0 −3 𝑆𝑖 ≠ −3, 0
1−𝜆 1 1 1 𝐹1,3
1 1−𝜆 𝐴 1 1 1+𝜆 1
1 1
1 1 𝐵 0 𝜆 −𝜆 0
1−𝜆 1
0 0 −𝜆 3 + 𝜆 −𝜆
1 1 1−𝜆 1 𝐹1 −1 + 𝐹2 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐴 ≠ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐵
1 1−𝜆 1 1 𝐹1 −1 − 𝜆 + 𝐹3 𝐴
𝐸𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
1−𝜆 1 1 1 𝐵
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐴 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐵
1 1 1+𝜆 1 𝑆𝑖 = 0
0 𝜆 −𝜆 3 + 𝜆 𝑥3 = −𝜆
−𝜆 0
0 −𝜆 1− 1+𝜆 2 −𝜆 1 1 1 1 3 + 𝜆 𝑥3 = 1
0 0 0 0 𝟏
0 0 0 0 𝒙𝟑 =
1 1 1+𝜆 1 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 𝟑+𝝀
0 𝜆 −𝜆 0 𝐴 𝟏
−𝜆 2 + 𝜆 −𝜆 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 0 𝑥2 = 𝑥3 𝒙𝟐 =
0 −𝜆 𝟑+𝝀
𝐵
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 1 + 𝜆 𝑥3 = 1
1 1 1+𝜆 1 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐴 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐵
0 𝜆 −𝜆 0 𝑥1 = 1 − 𝑥2 − 1 + 𝜆 𝑥3
0 0 −𝜆 3 + 𝜆 −𝜆
 𝑺𝒊 𝒂 = −𝟐
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 1 + 𝜆 𝑥3 = 1
1 1 −2 1
𝑥1 = 1 − 𝑥2 − 1 + 𝜆 𝑥3 0 −3 3 0
0 0 0 2
1 1 𝑎 1 𝐹1 −1 + 𝐹2
1 1 1 𝑎 1 1
𝑥1 = 1 − − 1+𝜆 𝑎 1
𝐹1 −𝑎 + 𝐹3 𝐴
3+𝜆 3+𝜆 1 1
𝐵
3+𝜆 −1−1−𝜆 1 1 𝑎 1 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐴 ≠ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐵
𝑥1 = 0 𝑎−1 1−𝑎 0
3+𝜆 𝐸𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
0 1−𝑎 1−𝑎 1+𝑎 −𝑎
𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = 𝑺𝒊 𝒂 ≠ −𝟐, 𝟏
𝟑+𝝀 1 1 𝑎 1
0 𝑎−1 1−𝑎 0 1 1 𝑎 1
0 0 1−𝑎 2+𝑎 −𝑎 0 𝑎−1 1−𝑎 0
𝟏 0 0 1−𝑎 2+𝑎 −𝑎
𝒙𝒕 = 𝑺𝒊 𝒂 = 𝟏
𝟑+𝝀 1 − 𝑎 2 + 𝑎 𝑥3 = −𝑎
1 1 1 1 𝒂
0 0 0 0 𝒙𝟑 = −
𝟏−𝒂 𝟐+𝒂
0 0 0 −1

𝐴
𝑎 − 1 𝑥2 + 1 − 𝑎 𝑥3 = 0
𝐵
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐴 ≠ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐵 𝑎 − 1 𝑥2 = 𝑎 − 1 𝑥3
𝒂
𝐸𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑥2 = 𝑥3 𝒙𝟐 = −
𝟏−𝒂 𝟐+𝒂
 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑎𝑥3 = 1

𝑥1 = 1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑎𝑥3

𝑎 𝑎2
𝑥1 = 1 + +
1−𝑎 2+𝑎 1−𝑎 2+𝑎

1 − 𝑎 2 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎2
𝑥1 =
1−𝑎 2+𝑎

−𝑎 − 𝑎2 + 2 + 𝑎 + 𝑎2
𝑥1 =
1−𝑎 2+𝑎
𝟐
𝒙𝟏 =
𝟏−𝒂 𝟐+𝒂

𝟐 𝒂
𝒙𝒕 = ,−
𝟏−𝒂 𝟐+𝒂 𝟏−𝒂 𝟐+𝒂
SISTEMAS HOMOGÉNEOS DE ECUACIONES LINEALES

Ejercicios:
Resolver el siguiente sistema homogéneo:

2𝑥1 − 4𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 − 3𝑥4 = 0

2. ቐ3𝑥1 − 6𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = 0
4𝑥1 − 8𝑥2 − 17𝑥3 + 11𝑥4 = 0
SOLUCIÓN:
2 −4 5 −3 0 2 −4 5 −3 0 2 −4 5 −3 0
3 −6 4 2 0 𝐹1 −2 + 𝐹3 3 −6 4 2 0 𝐹1 − 𝐹2 −1 2 1 −5 0 𝐹2 2 + 𝐹1
4 −8 −17 11 0 0 0 −27 17 0 0 0 −27 17 0

0 0 7 −13 0 −1 2 1 −5 0 −1 2 1 −5 0
−1 2 1 −5 0 𝐹1,2 0 0 7 −13 0 𝐹2 4 + 𝐹3 0 0 7 −13 0 𝐹3 −7 + 𝐹2
0 0 −27 17 0 0 0 −27 17 0 0 0 1 −35 0

−1 2 1 −5 0 −1 2 1 −5 0
0 0 0 232 0 𝐹2,3 0 0 1 −35 0
0 0 1 −35 0 0 0 0 232 0
• 𝜋 𝐴 = 𝜋 𝐴𝑎 = 3 < 4 = 𝑛
𝑃𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠: 4 − 3 = 1

• 232𝑥4 = 0
𝑥4 = 0

• 𝑥3 − 35𝑥4 = 0
𝑥3 − 35 0 = 0
𝑥3 = 0 ; 𝑥2 = 𝑟

• −𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 𝑥3 − 5𝑥4 = 0

−𝑥1 + 2𝑟 + 0 − 5 0 = 0
𝑥1 = 2𝑟

∴ 𝑥1 ; 𝑥2 ; 𝑥3 ; 𝑥4 = 2𝑟; 𝑟; 0; 0
𝑥1 ; 𝑥2 ; 𝑥3 ; 𝑥4 = 0; 0; 0; 0 + 𝑡 2 1 0 0
Determinar los valores del parámetro 𝜶, para los cuales los sistemas dados tienen soluciones no triviales y hállese
estas soluciones.

𝛼 2 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 0
4. ൞𝛼𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0
8𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 = 0
SOLUCIÓN:
𝛼2 3 2 0 2 3 𝛼 2 0 𝐹 −2 + 𝐹 0 5 𝛼 2 − 2𝛼 0 1 −1 𝛼 0
2 1 2
𝛼 −1 1 0 𝐶3,1 1 −1 𝛼 0 𝐹 −4 + 𝐹 1 −1 𝛼 0 𝐹1,2 0 5 𝛼 − 2𝛼 0 𝐹2 −1 + 𝐹3
8 1 4 0 4 1 8 0 2 3
4 1 8 − 4𝛼 0 0 5 8 − 4𝛼 0
1 −1 𝛼 0
2
0 5 𝛼 − 2𝛼 0
2
0 5 8 − 2𝛼 − 𝛼 0 • 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝛼 = 2
1 −1 2 0
• 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝛼 = 0
0 5 0 0
1 −1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 5 0 0
0 0 8 0 𝑟 𝐴 = 𝑟 𝐴´ = 2 < 3

𝑟 𝐴 = 𝑟 𝐴𝑎 = 2 < 3 𝑃𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠: 1

𝑃𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠: 1 • 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 0

• 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 0 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 ; 𝑥1 = 𝑡, 𝑥2 = 𝑡
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 ; 𝑥2 = 𝑟, 𝑥1 = 𝑟 • 𝑥3 = 0
• 8𝑥3 = 0
𝑥3 = 0 ∴ 𝑥1 ; 𝑥2 ; 𝑥3 = 𝑡 1; 1; 0
∴ 𝑥1 ; 𝑥2 ; 𝑥3 = 𝑟 1; 1; 0
RECTAS EN EL
ESPACIO
 𝑹𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑨𝑺 𝑬𝑵 𝑬𝑳 𝑬𝑺𝑷𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒔:
2. Hallar las coordenadas de los puntos de trisección del segmento cuyos extremos son S(6, 0, -3) y T(-6, 9, -12)
SOLUCIÓN:

−6, 9, −12 = 6, 0, −3 + 3𝑎Ԧ

−12, 9, −9 = 3𝑎Ԧ
𝑎Ԧ = −4,3, −3

∴ 6, 0, −3 + −4, 3, −3 = 𝑃

𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑃 = 2, 3, −6

4. Hallar la ecuación vectorial de una recta que pasa por el punto A(2, 1, -1) y corta a las rectas L1: P = (1, 1, 1) + r(2, 3, 5),
r ∈ R y L2: Eje X.

SOLUCIÓN:
𝑃0 = 2, 1, −1
1 + 2𝑟, 1 + 3𝑟, 1 + 5𝑟 − 2, 1, −1 = −1 + 2𝑟, 3𝑟, 2 + 5𝑟 = 𝑏
𝑎Ԧ = 2,3,5 ; 𝑎.
Ԧ 𝑏=0
2, 3, 5 −1 + 2𝑟, 3𝑟, 2 + 5𝑟 = 0
−2 + 4𝑟 + 9𝑟 + 10 + 25𝑟 = 0
38𝑟 = −8
4
𝑟=−
19
35 12 18
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜: 𝑏 = − ,− , 𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎:
19 19 19
35 12 18
2, 1, −1 + 𝑡 − ,− , / 𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑅
19 19 19
6. Sean L1 y L2 rectas, tales que L1 es paralela a L2: x = 2 y = 2 z, y L2 pasa por el punto Q(-2, 7, 13) y por el
punto medio del segmento AB, donde A(-2, 3, 4) y B(3, -2, -3). Hallar el ángulo que forman L1 y L2.

SOLUCIÓN:
−2 + 3 3 + −2 4 + −3
𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐵 = , ,
2 2 2
1 1 1
𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐵 = , ,
2 2 2
𝐿1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑎 𝐿2

∴ 𝐴𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟 2 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑙 á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 0°

 𝑥−1 𝑦+2 5−𝑧 𝑦−1 𝑧+2
8. Dadas las rectas que se cruzan L1: = = y L2: 𝑥 = -2, = , hallar la ecuación de la recta que pasa por S(-1, -2, 1)
2 3 4 1 2
y es perpendicular a L1 y costa a L2.
SOLUCIÓN:

𝐿1 = 1, −2, 5 + 𝑟 2, 3, −4 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜:

𝑎 + 8𝑐 + 2𝑐 = 0
𝐿2 = −2, 1, −2 + 𝑟 1, 1, 2 𝑎 = −10𝑐
𝑃0 = −1, −2,1 𝑎Ԧ = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑎Ԧ = −10𝑐, 8𝑐, 𝑐 = 𝑐 −10, 8, 1
2, 3, −4 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 = 0
2𝑎 + 3𝑏 − 4𝑐 = 0
∴𝐿= −1, −2, 1 + 𝑐 −10, 8,1 / 𝑐 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒 𝑎 𝑅
1, 1, 2 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 = 0
2𝑎 + 3𝑏 − 4𝑐 = 0
2𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 4𝑐

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑏 − 8𝑐 = 0
𝑏 = 8𝑐
10. Hallar las ecuaciones simétricas de la recta que pasa por el punto A(-4, -5, 3) y se
𝑥−1 𝑦+3 𝑧−2 𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧−1
corta con las dos rectas L1: 3 = −2 = −1 y L2: 2 = 3 = −5 .

SOLUCIÓN:
𝑃 −4, −5, 3 ; 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 3, −2, −1

𝑥 = −4 + 𝑚 3 𝑦 = −5 + 𝑚 −2 𝑧 = 3 + 𝑚 −1
𝑥+4 𝑦+5 𝑧−3
𝑚= 𝑚=− 𝑚=−
3 2 1

𝑥+4 𝑦+5 𝑧−3

𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎: =− =−
3 2 1
𝑃 −4, −5, 3 ; 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 2, 3, −5

𝑥 = −4 + 𝑚 2 𝑦 = −5 + 𝑚 3 𝑧 = 3 + 𝑚 −5
𝑥+4 𝑦+5 𝑧−3
𝑚= 𝑚= 𝑚=−
2 3 5

𝑥+4 𝑦+5 𝑧−3

𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎: = =−
2 3 5
 𝑫𝑰𝑺𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑪𝑰𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑼𝑵 𝑷𝑼𝑵𝑻𝑶 𝑨 𝑼𝑵𝑨 𝑹𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑨
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒔:
2. Hallar la distancia entre las rectas L1 = {(1, 2, -2) + t(0, 4, 2) / t ∈ R } y L2 : x + 4 = 0, y + z = 6.

SOLUCIÓN:
𝐿1 = 1, 2, −2 + 𝑡 0, 4,2 𝑣Ԧ = 0, 4,2
𝐿2 = 𝑥 + 4 = 0 𝑦+𝑧 =6
𝑥 = −4 𝑦=3 𝑧=3
𝑥+4 𝑦−3 𝑧−3
= =
1 1 1
𝐿2 = −4, 3, 3 + 𝑟 1, 1,1 𝑢 = 1,1,1

𝐿1 𝐿2 = −5, 1, 5
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝑣Ԧ . 𝑢
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜: =
0 4 2 𝑣Ԧ . 𝑢
𝑣Ԧ . 𝑢 = = 2, −2, −4
1 1 1
−5,1, 5 2, −2,4
𝑣Ԧ . 𝑢 = 22 + −2 2 +42 =
2 6
𝑣Ԧ . 𝑢 = 24 8 6
=
𝑣Ԧ . 𝑢 = 2 6 2 6
2 6
∴ 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎:
3
 −2 0 1
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑃 ∈ 𝐿1 → 𝑃 = 0, 1, −2 ത 𝑏ത =
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝑎𝑥 = −2, −1 − 4
1 2 −1
𝑎ത = −2, 0, 1 𝑁𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠:

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑄 ∈ 𝐿2 → 𝑄 = −1, −1, 2

𝑏ത = 1, 2, −1
−1, −2, 4 −2, −1 − 4
𝑑 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 =
𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄 − 𝑃 = −1, −2, 4 −2, −1 − 4

2 + 2 − 16
𝑑 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 =
−2 2 + −1 2 + −4 2

𝑎ത 𝐿1 12
𝑃 𝑑 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 =
𝐿2 −2 2 + −1 2 + −4 2

𝑏ത
𝑄 12 21
𝑑 𝐿1, 𝐿2 𝑑 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 = .
21 21

𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟏
𝒅 𝑳𝟏 , 𝑳𝟐 =
𝟐𝟏
 𝑁𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐿 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠:
𝑆𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑀 𝑦 𝑁 ∈ 𝑎 𝐿
𝑎ത 𝐿1
𝐿1 : 0, 1, −2 + −2, 0, 1 𝑡 𝐿2 : −1, −1, 2 + 1, 2, −1 𝑟 𝑀 𝐿2
𝑁 = −1 + 𝑟, −1 + 2𝑟, 2 − 𝑟 𝑏ത
𝑀 = −2𝑡, 1, −2 + 𝑡
𝑣ҧ
𝑀𝑁 = 𝑁 − 𝑀 = −1 + 𝑟, +2𝑡 − 1 + 2𝑟, 4 − 𝑟 − 𝑡
𝑁
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑀𝑁 ⊥ 𝐿2 ⟹ 𝑀𝑁. 𝑎ത = 0
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑀𝑁 ⊥ 𝐿1 ⟹ 𝑀𝑁. 𝑎ത = 0
⟹ −2𝑡, 1, −2 + 𝑡 1, 2, −1 = 0
⟹ −2𝑡, 1, −2 + 𝑡 . −2, 0, 1 = 0
⟹ −9 + 6𝑟 − 𝑡 = 0
⟹ 6 − 3𝑟 − 5𝑡 = 0 El vector direccional 𝑣ҧ = 1, 1 2
⟹ 𝑡 = 6𝑟 − 9
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 "t" :
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 "r" :
⟹ 6 − 3𝑟 − 5 6𝑟 − 9 = 0 𝑃𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
17 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝐿
⟹ 51 = 33𝑟 ⟹𝑡=6 −9
11
𝟔 𝟏𝟗
17 3 𝑳: − , 𝟏, − + 𝟏, 𝟏 𝟐 𝒏
⟹𝑟= ⟹𝑡= 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
11 11
𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑧 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 los valores de "r" y "t" reemplazamos:
6 19 6 23 5 12 12 24
𝑀= − , 1, − 𝑁= , , 𝑀𝑁 = , ,
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
 𝐿
−4𝑧 − 3𝑧, 0
𝐴 3, 4 0
𝑀 0, 0, 𝑧 𝑑 𝑂, 𝐿 =
3, 4, −𝑧
𝑎ത
𝑣ҧ

−4 2 + −3 2 25𝑧 2
4= =
3 2 + 4 2 + −𝑧 2 25 + 𝑧 2
𝑂 0, 0, 0 2
5𝑧 5𝑧 5𝑧
4= ⟹ 25 + 𝑧 2 = ⟹ 25 + 𝑧 2 =
25 + 𝑧 2 4 4
25𝑧 2
2
25 + 𝑧 = ⟹ 25𝑧 2 = 400 + 16𝑧 2
16
400 20
𝐴𝑀 = 𝑀 − 𝐴 = −3, −4, 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑎ത = 3, 4, −𝑧 𝑧2 = ⟹ 𝑧=±
9 3
𝑂𝑀 = 𝑀 − 𝑂 = 0, 0, −𝑧 ⟹ 𝑣ҧ = 0, 0, 𝑧
𝑁𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎:
3 4 −𝑧
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝑎𝑥
ത 𝑣ҧ = = −4𝑧 − 3𝑧, 0
0 0 𝑧 𝟐𝟎
𝑳: 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟎 + 𝟑, 𝟒, ± 𝒕
𝟑
PLANOS EN EL
ESPACIO
 𝑛ത
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜:

𝑅
𝑃. 𝑛ത = 𝑁. 𝑛ത
𝑎ത
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 3 , 3, 1 = 3, −1, 2 3 , 3, 1
𝑁
𝑏ത
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9 − 3 + 2
𝑆
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜:
𝑁𝑅 = 𝑅 − 𝑁 = 1, 0, −3 ⟹ 𝑎ത = 1, 0, −3 𝑷: 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒛 − 𝟖 = 𝟎

𝑁𝑆 = 𝑆 − 𝑁 = −1, 1, 0 ⟹ 𝑏ത = 1, −1, 0

1 0 −3
ത 𝑏ത =
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝑎𝑥 = −3, −3, −1
1 −1 0
⟹ 𝑛ത = 3 , 3, 1
 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑄 ∈ 𝐿 ⟹ 𝑄 ∈ 𝑃 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑅 ∈ 𝐿 ⟹ 𝑅 ∈ 𝑃
𝑛ത 𝑃: 𝑎 3 + 2 1 − 4 −3 + 𝑏 = 0 𝑃: 𝑎 7 + 2 −3 − 4 −2 + 𝑏 = 0
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = −14 7𝑎 + 2 − 3𝑎 − 14 = 0
𝑃 𝑏 = −3𝑎 − 14 𝒂=𝟑
𝑎ത
𝑄 𝑏 = −3 3 − 14
𝒃 = −𝟐𝟑
𝑅
𝐿

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏

𝑃. 𝑛ത = 𝑄. 𝑛ത
𝑃: 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 + 𝑏 = 0
𝑛ത = 𝑎, 2, −4 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 3,2, −4 = 3, 1, −3 3,2, −4
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 23
𝑄 = 3, 1, −3 ⟹ 𝑎ത = 4, −4,1
𝑃: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 − 23 = 0
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑅 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑅 ∈ 𝐿, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑎ത ∴ 𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐, 𝒔𝒊 𝒂 = 𝟑 𝒚 𝒃 = −𝟐𝟑 𝒍𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂 𝑳 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓á 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒅𝒂
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑅 − 𝑄 = 𝑎ത ⟹ 𝑅 = 𝑎ത + 𝑄 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒐 𝑷
𝑅 = 7, −3, −2
 𝐿

𝑎ത 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜:

𝑃. 𝑛ത = 𝐴. 𝑛ത
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 1, −10, −17 = 6, 2, −1 1, −10, −17
𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 17𝑧 = 6 − 20 + 17
𝐴
𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 17𝑧 = 3

∴ 𝑷: 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 − 𝟏𝟕𝒛 − 𝟑

4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 5 = 0 ⟹ 𝑛ത1 = 4, −3,2
𝐿
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 + 11 = 0 ⟹ 𝑛ത 2 = 3, 2, −1

4 −3 2
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝑛ത1 𝑥𝑛ത 2 = = −1, 10, 17
3 2 −1
𝑎ത = 1, −10, −17
 n1(4,-3,2) (3,-7,5)

Q
(2,-6,4) n1 x V1 n1 A1
v1
B

n1 (X,Y,Z)

n1 = (4, -3, 2) , v1 = (3,-7, 5) - (2,-6, 4) = (1, -1, 1)

AyB E Q

m1 = n1 x v1 = i j k
4 -3 2 = -1, -2,-1
1 -1 1

m1.(x-3 , y+7 , z-5 ) = 0

(-1, -2, -1).(x-3, y+7, z-5) = 0
-x+3 - 2Y -14 -z+5 = 0
-x -2y-z-6 = 0
Q = x + 2y + z + 6 = 0
 P1: 2X - 2Y + Z = 1 2 / 2 = -2 / -2 = 1 / 1 = 1 / 5
P2: 2X - 2Y + Z = -5
p1

Q P1 Y P2 SON PLANOS PARALELOS

p2

SI A E P1 SEA X = 0
Z=1
y=0

ENTONCES a = (0,0,1)

d(P1,P2) = Axo+ Byo + Czo + D = 2(0) - 2(0) + 1 + 5

= 6/ 3 =2
𝐴 2 + 𝐵2 + 𝐶 2 22 + 22 + 12

V cubo = (dP1, P2)^3 = 2^3 = 8 u^3

 P1 V1 = S - R = (-2,1,3)-(1,-1, 1) = (-3, 2, 2)
U1 = T-R = (4, -5, 2) - (1,-1, 1) = (3,-4,1)
n1 d ( P1, a)
V1 X U1 = n1 = i j k
-3 2 2 = (10, 9,6)
U1 s 3 -4 1
R
V1

(10,9,6).(x-1, y+1, z-1) = 0

10x + 9y +6z -7 = 0

10(-1) + 9(1) + 6(-z)-7 -20 -20

= =
T d ( P1, a) =
102 + 92 + 62 217 217
 X4
-2Y + Z = -3 -------> -8Y + 4Z = -12
SI x = 0 ---> L =
-3Y + 4Z = -1 -3Y +4Z = -1 (-)
-5Y = -11
Y = 11/5
Z = 7/5 (0, 11/5, 7/5) E L

X4
3X+Z = -3 -------> 12X + 4Z = -12
SI Y = 0 ---> L =
4X+4Z = -1 4X+4Z = -1 (-)
8X = -11
X = -11/8
Z = 9/8 (-11/8, 0, 9/8) E L

V1 = ( 0,11/5, 7/5) - ( -11/8, 0, 9/8)

V1 = (11/8, 11/5, 11/40)

PARA QUE SEAN PARALELOS V1.n1 = 0, n1 = (2,-1,m)

(11/8, 11/5, 11/40). (2, -1, m) = 0

(22/8) - (11/5) + (11m/40) = 0
11/20 + 11m/40 = 0
11m/40 = -11/20
m = -2
 Z
LOS SEGMENTOS SON SIEMPRE POSITIVOS

Q: 2X-2Y+4Z-5 = 0 n1 = (2,-2, 4)
P: ax + by + cz+D = 0 n2 = ( a,b,c)

(2,0,0) -----> 2a + D = 0
(0,2/3,0) ---> 2/3b + D = 0
(0, 2/3, 0) Y
Y v1 = (-2, 2/3,0) ---- > v1 x n2 = 0
-2a + 2/3b +0 = 0 -----> 2a = 2/3b
b = 3a
(2,0,0)
si p q -------> n1 . n2 = 0

X 2a - 2b + 4c = 0
2 a - (2)(3a) + 4c = 0
2a - 6a + 4c = 0
-4a + 4c ----> C = a

n2 = (9,3a,a) = a(1,3,1)
n2 = (1,3,1)

----> (1,3,1) - (x-2, y , z) = 0

x-2 + 3y + Z = 0
x+3y+z-2 = 0
 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒛 − 𝟏𝟎 𝑿+𝟕 𝒀−𝟓 𝒁−𝟗
6.𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂 𝒍 = 𝒚 𝑳𝟐 = = =
𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝒛 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒

𝐷𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝐿2 = { −7,5,9 + 𝑡 3, −2,4 , 𝑡 ∈ 𝑅}

𝑉 = 3, −2,4 … 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝐿2 𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝐿1 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛1 = 2,2, −1 𝑦 𝑛2 = (1, −1, −1)
2 2 −1
𝑣 = 𝑛1 𝑥𝑛2 = (3, −1,4)
1 −1 −1
3 −1 4
𝑠𝑖 𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝐿2 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑥𝑣 = =0,
3 −1 4
∴ 𝑳𝟏// 𝑳𝟐
2, Determinar los valores de m y n para que el plano 5x + my + 4z + n = 0 pertenezca al haz
de planos: 3x – 7y + z – 3 + k(x – 9y – 2z + 5) = 0.

𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒: 3 + 𝑤 𝑥 + −7 − 9𝑤 𝑦 + 1 − 2𝑤 𝑧 + 5𝑤 − 3 =

𝑦 𝑐𝑜 𝑚𝑜 𝑝 ∈ 𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑧 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠 → 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝑛1 𝑥𝑛2

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
=0 3+𝑤 −7 − 9𝑤 1 − 2𝑤 = [ −7 − 9𝑤 + (𝑚 1 − 2𝑤 , (5 1 − 2𝑤 − 4 3 + 𝑤 , (𝑚 3 + 𝑤 − 5 −7 − 9𝑤 }
5 𝑚 4

𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∶ 𝑚 = −5

4. Hallar la ecuación del plano que pasa por la recta de intersección de los planos P1: 2x + y
– z + 1 = 0 y P2: x + y + 2z + 1 = 0 y es paralelo al segmento limitado por los puntos S(2, 5,
-3) y T(3, -2, 2)
𝑡 − 𝑠 = 1, −7,5
𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎 𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑠: 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 1 + 𝑟 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 +
𝐶 2 + 𝑤 𝑥 + 𝐶 1 + 3𝑤 𝑦 + −1 − 2𝑤 𝑧 + 5𝑤 + 1, 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑛
= (2 + 𝑤, 1 + 3𝑤, −1 − 2𝑤
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝑠𝑖 𝑣 //𝑛 𝑣𝑥𝑛 = 1 −7 5 = 0 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑤 = 2
2+𝑤 1 + 3𝑤 −1 − 2𝑤
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑤 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒: 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 5𝑧 + 11 = 0
6. Hallar la ecuación del plano que divide por la mitad del ángulo diedro formado por los
planos P1: 2x – y + 2z – 3 = 0 y P2: 3x + 2y – 6z – 1 = 0 en que está situado el punto M(1, 2,
-3).
𝑛1 = 2, −1,2 𝑦 𝑛2 = 3,2, −6
𝑓𝑟 = 2 + 3𝑟 𝑥 + −1 + 2𝑟 𝑦 + 2 − 6𝑟 𝑧 − 3 − 𝑟 = 0
3
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑀𝜖𝑃 → 2 + 3𝑟 − 2 + 4𝑟 − 6 + 18𝑟 − 3 − 𝑟 = 0 = 𝑟 =
8
𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒: 𝟐𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝒛 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
8. Se dan el plano P: x + y – z + 1 = 0 y la recta L: x = 1, y/2 = 𝑧+1 /1 . Se pide: hallar La
ecuación de la proyección de la recta L sobre el plano P.
𝑙 = { 1,0, −1 + 𝑡 0,2,1 , 𝑡∈𝑅
𝑆𝐼 𝑎 = 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑙 → 𝑎 = 0,2,1
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 = 1,1, −1 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝑛𝑥𝑎 = 1 1 −1 = 3, −1,2
0 2 1
𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑃1 = 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 𝐷 = 0
𝑃 ∈ 𝐿 → 𝑃 0. −1,0 , 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑃 𝑒𝑛 𝑃1 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 ∶ 𝐷 = −1
𝒙+𝒚±𝒛+𝟏= 𝟎
𝑳𝟏 ∈ 𝑷𝟏 ∩ 𝑷 → 𝑳 =
𝟑𝑿 − 𝟐𝒁 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
 x+y+z=3
L x+2y-3z+5=0

𝑖 𝐽 𝑘 𝑖 𝐽 𝑘
V= 1 1 1 = −5,4,1 , 𝑡Ԧ = 2 −3 −3 = 9,13, −7
1 2 −3 −5 4 1
𝑡Ԧ. (P-P.) =0
(9,13,-7). (x-1, y-z, z-3) =0
9x+13y-7z=14
 X= --1 + 12x
𝐿1 : −1,2,5 + 𝑥 12, −18,5 →
Y= 2-18x

Z= 5+5x
6) L: = = , 3x+2y-5=0
2 −3 𝑧

𝑛1 = (3,2, −1)

𝑛1 = 3,2, −1

Si 𝐿𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜:

X= zt +1

y= -3t-2 L: (1,-2,2) + t(2,-3,2)

z= 2t+2

𝑖 𝐽 𝐾
𝑢 = 𝑛1 𝑥 𝑣Ԧ = 𝐽 2 −1 = (1, −8, −13)
2 −3 2

Q: (1,-8, -13) . (𝑥 −1 , 𝑦 + 2. 𝑧 − 2) = 0 → 𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 13𝑧 + 9 = 0

8) 2, − 3, 3 . 𝑎. 𝑏, 0 = 4 𝑈𝑢𝑈 . cos⁡
(60)
1
2𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 4 𝐻𝑢𝐻.
2

2𝑎− 3𝑏
𝐻𝑢𝐻 = → 4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 = 4𝑎2 − 4 3𝑎𝑏 + 3𝑏 2
2

𝑏 2 = −4 3𝑎𝑏

𝑏 = −4 3𝑎
𝑢Ԧ𝜏𝑢Ԧ → 0,0,1 . 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 = 0
3
𝜐 𝑢Ԧ 𝑐=0 𝑢Ԧ = 𝑎, −4 3𝑎, 0 = 𝑎(1,4 3, 0)
60 P: (1,-3,4) + z(1,4 3, 0)
1
 X= 13s + 5 -45 -3 =-4t-3
𝑋−𝑆 𝑦 −6 2+3
𝐿1 𝐿1 : = = → Y= 5+6
13 1 −4
n Z= -45-3 s=t
10) v

u
X= 13t + 2 ❖ 𝐿1 𝐻𝐿2
𝑋−𝑆 𝑦 −3 2+3
𝐿2 : = = → Y= t+6
13 1 −4
𝐿2
Z= -4t-3

❖ Una recta no genera un plano

❖ La proyección de C no se puede calcular