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Introduction:
Histology is a science derived from anatomy, which helps us in understanding the
structure and functionality of the human being in a normal and pathological state at a
microscopic level. Currently histology is considered a science related to numerous
aspects of molecular and cellular biology and is even called accurate by the
techniques that we use to investigate the microanatomy of cells, tissues and organs.
The objective of this monograph is that we will focus on a topic of microscopic
anatomy; epithelial tissue. According to the research, epithelial tissue is a set of
specialized cells that are fundamental to the human body, its function is to cover the
body's surface, cover body cavities, and form glands. The topic was chosen in
relation to our career Medical technology in the specialty of anatomic pathology and
clinical laboratory in order to familiarize ourselves with the basic course of our
specialization and to be able to apply our knowledge in the future.
.
ABSTRACT
The epithelium is a tissue that lines the surfaces of the body, lines body cavities, hollow
organs and forms mucous membranes and glands. It consists mainly of polyhedral cells
between which there is very little intercellular substance. Characterized by the geometric
shape of its cells, its scarce intercellular substance and not containing blood vessels
(avascular).
El epitelio es un tejido que recubre las superficies del cuerpo, reviste las cavidades
corporales, los órganos huecos y forma las membranas mucosas y las glándulas. Está
formado principalmente por células poliédricas entre las que hay muy poca sustancia
intercelular. Se caracteriza por la forma geométrica de sus células, su escasa sustancia
intercelular y por no contener vasos sanguíneos (avascular).
The mentioned tissue has very important functions such as protection as it covers the body
surfaces, also cellular transport and secretion by the mouth, stomach, and others. In the
intestines it has the function of absorption of nutrients, and in the capillaries with selective
permeability. Finally, it has the function of sensation detection thanks to the nerve endings in
our body.
Dicho tejido tiene funciones muy importantes como la protección ya que recubre las
superficies corporales, también el transporte celular y la secreción por la boca, el estómago
y otros. En los intestinos tiene la función de absorción de nutrientes, y en los capilares con
permeabilidad selectiva. Por último, tiene la función de detección de sensaciones gracias a
las terminaciones nerviosas de nuestro cuerpo.
It is classified in different ways according to the subject it is focused on. From the
physiological point of view we can classify it as lining epithelial tissue (they cover or
upholster the organism) and glandular (epithelium capable of synthesizing substances and
releasing their product). On the other hand, from the histological point of view, its
classification is simple epithelial tissue (it presents a single layer of cells) and stratified (it
presents several layers of cells).
Se clasifica de diferentes maneras según el tema al que se dirija. Desde el punto de vista
fisiológico podemos clasificarlo como tejido epitelial de revestimiento (recubren o tapizan el
organismo) y glandular (epitelio capaz de sintetizar sustancias y liberar su producto). Por
otro lado, desde el punto de vista histológico, su clasificación es tejido epitelial simple
(presenta una sola capa de células) y estratificado (presenta varias capas de células).
● It is of vital importance to know the epithelial tissue for our training as future medical
technologists, because one of our functions is to determine pathologies and
irregularities in the tissues of the body. In order to observe and study it, we need a
variety of equipment and tools that we find in a clinical laboratory, such as stains,
reagents, microscopes, laboratory slides, and others.
● Es de suma importancia conocer el tejido epitelial para nuestra formación como
futuros tecnólogos médicos, ya que parte de nuestras funciones es determinar
patologías e irregularidades en los tejidos del cuerpo. Para poder observar y estudiar
necesitamos diversos equipos y herramientas que encontramos en un laboratorio
clínico, como las tinciones, reactivos, microscopio, laminillas de laboratorio, entre
otros. En esta monografía nos enfocaremos en el microscopio.
Thanks to the technology we currently have, it is very easy to visualize our histological cells,
by means of the microscope, which is an important tool in the daily work of a laboratory
specialist. It allows us to observe very small structures that are not visible to the human eye.
There are different types of equipment from the simplest to the most complex. Therefore, in
this monograph we will focus on epithelial tissue and how to collect samples to visualize its
structures with the help of the microscope.
● In the field of histology 2 types of electron microscopes are mainly used: the
transmission microscope and the scanning microscope. In the first equipment very
slim sections of tissue can be visualized so that the electrons present in the
microscope can pass through the cells and get in that way sharper images, the
images produced will always be seen in black and white, however, they can be
colored by the computer. In the case of the scanning electron microscope, they are
useful to visualize tissue surfaces since in this equipment the electrons do not pass
through the tissue, on the contrary, they bounce off its surface.
REFERENCE VANCOUVER