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ELECTROSTÁTICA III
(Energía y Potencial Eléctrico)
donde
KQq
UP.E.
d UP.E.: Energía potencial eléctrica (J)
Q y q :cantidad de carga eléctrica (C)
d:distancia entre las cargas Q y q (m)
Unidad : J(Joule)
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SIST
UP.E U12
P.E U13
P.E U23
P.E
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Potencial Eléctrico
Q
VP K
d
Si la carga Q es positiva entonces VP es positivo
donde
Q P
d
-
Q : Cantidad de carga eléctrica que genera el
campo eléctrico (C)
K : Constante de eléctrica de Coulomb
d : distancia entre las carga Q al punto P.(m)
VP : Potencial eléctrico en el punto P.(V) Si la carga Q es negativo entonces VP es negativo
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+
Q Q Q
Q3
VP K 1 K 2 K 3
d1 d2 d3
B
A A
B
VA-VB=12V
VA VB VC
A
VA-VB=1,5V
B
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SUPERFICIES EQUIPOTENCIALES
VA VB
E
3 -
5 +
-
+
A -
1 2 + C
-
+
-
+
4 -
6 + D B -
+
-
SUPERFICIES EQUIPOTENCIALES
A W →
V =
q
dA
Q
W → W →
+ V −V = −
dB
B q q
Fext W → +W → W →
+q Lugar muy V −V = −
+ alejado q q
()
FE
W →
V −V =
q
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A
F
dA WBneto res
A WB A 0
Q
+
B Fext FE
dB WBneto
A WB A WB A 0
()
FE WBFE A WBFext
A
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VA VB
F
E
WBext
A -
VA VB +
q -
+ Fe
A q -
+ + C
-
+ Fext B -
+
WBFext
A (VA VB )q -
+ D -
+
-
F
WBext
A FE .d (Eq).d
d
VA VB E.d
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SOLUCIÓN:
PROBLEMA
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SOLUCIÓN:
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PROBLEMA SOLUCIÓN: