This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 5th Edition.

Click on any of the 687 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Bookshelf.

Buy it now, or read it online on Safari Bookshelf.

accept
accept [option] destination

System administration command. Instruct printing system to accept jobs for the specified print
queue or queues. Depending on queue settings, the system may prompt for a password. Also
invoked as cupsaccept.

Option

-E

Require encryption when connecting

This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 5th Edition.

Click on any of the 687 commands below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version of the book on Safari Bookshelf.

Buy it now, or read it online on Safari Bookshelf.

access
access [mode] [filename]

Check whether a file is available for the action specified with the mode argument: r for read, w
for write, x for execute. Used mostly in scripting, access works better than test because it uses a
direct system call rather than looking at the file permissions, which can be misleading when a
filesystem is mounted read-only.

Options

--help

Display help message, then quit.

--version

Display version, then quit.

aclocal
aclocal [options]

GNU autoconf tool. Place m4 macro definitions needed by autoconf into a single file. The
aclocal command first scans for macro definitions in m4 files in its default directory
(/usr/share/aclocal on some systems) and in the file acinclude.m4. It next scans for macros used
in the configure.in file. It generates an aclocal.m4 file that contains definitions of all m4 macros
required by autoconf.

Options

--acdir=dir

Look for macro files in directory dir instead of the default directory.

--help
Print help message, then exit.

-I dir

Additionally, search directory dir for m4 macro definitions.

--output=file

Save output to file instead of aclocal.m4.

--print-ac-dir

Print the name of the directory to be searched for m4 files, then exit.

--verbose

Print names of files being processed.

--version

Print version number, then exit.

aconnect
aconnect [options] [sender] [receiver] aconnect [options]

Like its GUI relative alsa-patch-bay, aconnect connects ports in MIDI hardware and software
to route events, similar to running patch cables between different mixers and synthesizers in an
all-hardware audio system. aconnect is part of the ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture)
system.

Options

-d,--disconnect

Undo the connection described.

-e,--exclusive

The connection being created must be exclusive: the sender and receiver ports may not connect
to any other port.

-i,--input

List all input (sender) ports. This flag is used without any other arguments or flags.
-o, --output

List all output (receiver) ports. This flag is used without any other arguments or flags.

-r, --real queue-name

All events processed through this connection get new timestamps from the named real-time
queue. The receiving port must have access to, and use, the real-time queue.

-t, --tick queue-name

All events processed through this connection get new timestamps from the specified tick queue.

-x, --remove-all

Cancel all connections. This flag is used without any other arguments or flags.

acpi
acpi [options]

Displays information about the ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) system,
based on the /proc/acpi file. Most kernels after 2.4 support ACPI hardware, and in both hardware
and software, ACPI is gradually replacing the older APM (Advanced Power Management)
system. Some operating systems, including SUSE, ship a combined ACPI/APM power interface
called powersaved. Most, however, require either ACPI or APM software.

Note that some ACPI systems have special events that are not available on others. For example,
IBM laptops have events related to their docking stations and keyboard lights that are not used
on nondocking or unlighted laptops. On all systems, the /proc/acpi directory must be present for
acpi commands to work.

Options

-b, --battery

Display battery information.

-B, --without-battery

Do not display battery information.

-t, --thermal
Display temperature information.

-T, --without-thermal

Do not display temperature information.

-a, --ac-adapter

Show whether the AC adapter is connected.

-A, --without-ac-adapter

Do not show information about the AC adapter.

-V, --everything

Show all information on every device.

-s, --show-empty

Display information even on devices that are not available or not installed, such as empty slots
for extra batteries.

-S, --hide-empty

Do not display information on devices that are not operational or not installed.

-c, --celcius

Use degrees Celsius as the temperature unit. This is the default unit.

-d, --directory /path

Use the specified path to ACPI information. The default path is /proc/acpi.

-f, --fahrenheit

Use degrees Fahrenheit as the temperature unit.

-h, --help

Display help information.

-k, --kelvin

Use degrees Kelvin as the temperature unit.

-v, --version

Display version information.

acpi_available
acpi_available

Determine whether ACPI functionality exists. Returns 0 for true and 1 for false.

acpi_available
acpi_available

Determine whether ACPI functionality exists. Returns 0 for true and 1 for false.

acpid
acpid [options]

Daemon that informs user-space programs about ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface) events, such as battery warnings, power-supply changes, and laptop lid closings. As
ACPI hardware replaces older APM (Advanced Power Management) hardware, acpid replaces
apmd. Like other daemons, this application is controlled primarily through a configuration file
that determines which events merit action, and what those actions are. In some operating
systems, including SUSE Linux and its relatives, all power management is handled by a
combined ACPI/APM system called powersave and this daemon is not installed.

Options

-c directory, --confdir=directory

Set the directory used for configuration files. The default directory is /etc/acpi/events. All files in
this directory, except those beginning with a period (.), are parsed as configuration files.
Typically, a single file is used for each ACPI event to be acted upon.

In the configuration files, blank lines and those beginning with # are ignored. Other lines are
expected to consist of a regular expression and a command to be executed when an ACPI event
matches the expression.

-d, --debug

Debug mode: run the daemon in the foreground and send all log output to stderr and stdout,
rather than a logfile.
-e filename,--eventfile=filename

Set the file used to find events. Normally this is /proc/acpi/event.

-g group,--socketgroup=group

Set the group ownership of the socket to which acpid publishes events. This allows you to
restrict which users on the system can access ACPI event information.

-l filename,--logfile=filename

Set the logfile location. Normally, it is /var/log/acpid.

-m mode,--socketmode=mode

Set the permission mode of the socket. Normally, it is 666, with the sticky bit off.

-s filename,--socketfile=filename

Set the file used to define the socket. Normally, this is /var/run/acpid.socket.

-S,--nosocket

Tells acpid not to open a socket at all. Overrides all other socket options.

-v,--version

Print version information and quit.

-h,--help

Print help message and quit.

acpid
acpid [options]

Daemon that informs user-space programs about ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface) events, such as battery warnings, power-supply changes, and laptop lid closings. As
ACPI hardware replaces older APM (Advanced Power Management) hardware, acpid replaces
apmd. Like other daemons, this application is controlled primarily through a configuration file
that determines which events merit action, and what those actions are. In some operating
systems, including SUSE Linux and its relatives, all power management is handled by a
combined ACPI/APM system called powersave and this daemon is not installed.

Options
-c directory, --confdir=directory

Set the directory used for configuration files. The default directory is /etc/acpi/events. All files in
this directory, except those beginning with a period (.), are parsed as configuration files.
Typically, a single file is used for each ACPI event to be acted upon.

In the configuration files, blank lines and those beginning with # are ignored. Other lines are
expected to consist of a regular expression and a command to be executed when an ACPI event
matches the expression.

-d, --debug

Debug mode: run the daemon in the foreground and send all log output to stderr and stdout,
rather than a logfile.

-e filename,--eventfile=filename

Set the file used to find events. Normally this is /proc/acpi/event.

-g group,--socketgroup=group

Set the group ownership of the socket to which acpid publishes events. This allows you to
restrict which users on the system can access ACPI event information.

-l filename,--logfile=filename

Set the logfile location. Normally, it is /var/log/acpid.

-m mode,--socketmode=mode

Set the permission mode of the socket. Normally, it is 666, with the sticky bit off.

-s filename,--socketfile=filename

Set the file used to define the socket. Normally, this is /var/run/acpid.socket.

-S,--nosocket

Tells acpid not to open a socket at all. Overrides all other socket options.

-v,--version

Print version information and quit.

-h,--help
Print help message and quit.

addr2line
addr2line [options] [addresses]

Translate hexadecimal program addresses into filenames and line numbers for the executable
given with the -e option, or a.out if -e is not specified. If addresses are given on the command
line, display the filename and line number for each address. Otherwise, read the addresses from
standard input and display the results on standard output (useful for use in a pipe). addr2line
prints two question marks (??) if it cannot determine a filename, and 0 if it cannot determine the
line number. addr2line is used for debugging.

Options

-b bfdname, --target=bfdname

Set the binary file format using its binary file descriptor name, bfdname. Use the -h option for a
list of supported formats for your system.

-C, --demangle[=style]

Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into usernames. See the -h help output for a list of
styles supported by your compiler.

-e file, --exe=file

Specify the filename of the executable to use. The default filename is a.out.

-f, --functions

Display function names in addition to filenames and line numbers.

-h, --help

Display help information and exit.

-s, --basenames

Strip directories off filenames and show only the basenames.