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THE CONCEPT OF ENTERTAINMENT

1. PROJECT OVERVIEW

Objective
Our objective was to study the concept of entertainment, as it is perceived by a specific segment of
population in the Oradea area. The concept of entertainment includes how people effectively entertain,
what are the major factors that influence their behavior and what are the business opportunities in this
sector.

Strategy
Due to limited time and resources, we focused on a subculture – which is the evangelical Christians
who live in the Oradea area. We developed a questionnaire to collect the data from our representative
group, and we further analyzed the data to draw the conclusions of our market research.

Team
The team that has conducted this research project was made of Anca Galea (project coordinator),
Monika Mahr, Monika Farkas, Vlad Mihut and Daniel Simionas. Each team member has contributed
into each phase of the project, thus the result being the combined work of all.

Project outline
Documentary study regarding the concept of entertainment in terms of consumer behavior.
Establish the size of the sample (representative group), the way of sampling and the characteristics of
the sample.
Decide from what places we will collect the information.
Create the questionnaire.
Pilot test of the questionnaire
Adjustments of the questionnaire
Administration of the questionnaire
Information processing
Analysis and interpretation of the results
Write the research report
Present the results of the market research (presentation / written).
2. Market research program

2.1. The concept of entertainment

From the very beginning it should be noticed that entertainment is a relatively new concept in the
Romanian culture. Moreover, in the subculture made of Evangelical Christians, the concept of
entertainment is even more restrictive, as the Bible doesn’t talk about entertainment at all. Thus, our
question is ‘Can there be something called 'Christian' entertainment?’

An English-Romanian dictionary translates ‘entertainment’ by ‘amusement’, ‘party’ or ‘show’1.

Although this short definition is similar to the one given by the Webster’s Dictionary, where
entertainment is defined as ‘amusement; an interesting, diverting, or amusing thing, as a show or
performance’, the synonyms / terms to be associated with ‘entertainment’ also include ‘hobby’,
‘relaxation’, ‘satisfaction’, ‘pleasure’, ‘recreation’, ‘diversion’ and ‘pastime’.

For the consumer, entertainment has to do with the variety of options for his / her spare time.
Consequently, for the purpose of our study we extended the concept of entertainment to what people
are doing / would like to do in their spare time and the factors that influence their decisions.

2.2. Sample group

Our research focused on the Evangelical Christians who live in the Oradea area. The main
denominations included in this segment are the following:

Baptist
Pentecostal
Christians after the Gospel
Adventist
The Lord’s Army
Independent Christians

We estimate Oradea’s population at 230,000, out of which the Evangelical Christians represent 7-8%,
which makes it about 18,000 Evangelicals. There’s no official information regarding the distribution on
denominations. Although Evangelical churches know how many members they have, only few keep a
personal information file on their members.

For the purpose of our research, we used a sample of 180 people, aged 15-55, which represents about
1% of the total estimated number of Evangelicals in the town. The data was collected from members of
7 different churches in Oradea. Eventually, we received back 172 filled questionnaires, which
represents a 95.5% response rate.

The structure of our total sample group based on age and gender is presented in the table below:
Gender / Age
<20
20-25
25-30
30-40
40-55
TOTAL

Female
8.7%
15.7%
10.5%
9.3%
16.2%
60.4%

Male
5.8%
4.7%
10.5%
9.3%
9.3%
39.6%

TOTAL
14.5%
20.4%
21%
18.6%
25.5%
100.00%

Considering gender and marital status, the structure was the following:

Gender / Marital Status

Single
Married
Divorced TOTAL

Female
29%
28.5%
2.9%
60.4%

Male
13.4%
26.2%
-
39.6%

TOTAL
42.4%
54.7%
2.9%
100%

2.3. The questionnaire

The purpose of the questionnaire2 was to facilitate data collection. The actual form was elaborated in
two sections, using an easy to read – easy to fill format, so that the subject would need no more than 20
minutes to fill the form.

Section I includes 15 general questions, that would help us determine the complex of buying influences
that affect the consumer, such as cultural, sociological, economic and individual influences.

Section II includes a series of 13 specific questions on what the subject is doing in his/her spare time,
during the week and in the weekends. The section also includes questions on how the subject would
like to spend his/her spare time and recommendations for new entertainment facilities.

The questionnaire was initially tested on 10% of our sample group. The purpose of this pilot test was to
determine the degree to which the form was easy to understand – easy to fill and the necessary
adjustments needed.

2.4. Information processing and analysis

The data collected through the questionnaire was centralized in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which
facilitates the sorting of data according to various criteria and the calculation of indexes.

We decided that age is the primary factor of influence as to how people choose to entertain and we
analyzed each age segment separately. Secondary factors of influence considered were income,
education, marital status and denomination. However, as shown in the analysis section, the influence of
secondary factors varies in intensity from one age group to another.

Age Segment: 15-20 years

This age group represents 14.5% of the total sample group we have analyzed. Below are presented its
main characteristics:
Gender / Marital Status
Single
Married
TOTAL

Female 56%
4%
60%

Male
40%
-
40%

TOTAL
96%
4%
100%

76% people in this segment are Baptist believers, and 88% of all attend church meetings at least 2-3
time a week. It is relevant that 56% of the people in this age group are involved with various church
activities, such as choir, missions, Sunday School teaching. Our research indicated that denomination
doesn’t influence church attendance.

96% indicated they are still in school, and 68% are still living with their parents, thus generally they
depend on their families to support them financially.

Due to the fact that family income is generally low, 60% of the families of people in this age group
haven’t saved anything last year. 20% have saved up to the equivalent of 500 USD and only 20% have
saved 500 USD or more. However, 88% are optimistic and believe their standard of life will rise over
the next 12 months. The monthly family income is presented in the table below:

<3 million
3-5 millions
5-8 millions
8-12 millions
> 16 millions

20%
36%
20%
12%
12%

Thinking of their spare time, people in this age group perceive it as a time when they can relax, they do
what they want / like to do, or even do nothing. Many of them associate entertainment with group
activities (the company of their friends) or dating. Others think about more personalized forms of
entertainment, such as Internet, video, music, and computers.

68% of the subjects have at least 2-3 hours of spare time each day during the week. As a top preference
for spending this time they have listed things and activities such as reading books, computers,
discussions in the family, going out, dates, trips, music, friends, telephone calls, TV, Internet.

8% are not watching TV at all, 48% spend between 1 and 2 hours a day watching TV, while 3% watch
TV more than 3 hours a day during the week. 65% turn on the TV set primarily to see movies or series,
while only 13% have a strong interest in news. People who have already graduated high school also
show interest for talk shows and cultural broadcasts. 39% like to read Christian literature, 22% read
magazines and 13% read the local paper.

72 % are using the Internet, mostly for e-mail, but also for information, games, chatting, and
professional activities. 78% of the subjects access the Internet from Internet clubs, 50% from home,
and 22% from school or friends. It could be concluded that although some have an Internet connection
at home, they still prefer to go to an Internet club in order to be with friends.

43% of the people in this age group indicated they play sports every weekend, while 30% have the
‘couch potato’ syndrome, spending their weekends in front of the TV. 24% of the young Evangelicals
younger than 20 go out with friends every weekend, while 19% are extremely bored.

It was interesting to notice that for this particular age group, neither family income, nor denomination
are significant factors of influence. When it comes to spare time, most of them are talking church, TV
and computers. They have a lot of social interaction – at school, at the church and on the occasions
when they have other group activities. No matter the income, young people go out with friends to
pizzeria, fast foods and pastry shops, and also spend money on Internet.

Some new ways of entertainment young Evangelicals would like to try include trips, sports, picnics
with friends, games on the Internet, Christian club activities, Theater and singing in music groups. As
new entertainment facilities, they have suggested a Christian restaurant or restaurants with no smoking
areas, Christian club, mall, sports ground, skating ring, amusement parks, Disneyland.

Age Segment: 20-25 years

This age group represents 20.35% of the total sample group we have analyzed. Below are presented its
main characteristics:

Gender / Marital Status

Unmarried Married TOTAL
Male 17.3%
5.7%
23%

Female
45.4%
31.6%
77%

TOTAL
62.7%
37.3%
100%

71% of the people in this age group are Baptist believers, 17% Pentecostal and 12% are coming from
other Evangelical denominations. 46% have a university degree, 45% have a college or high school
degree, and 6% have attended a technical school. 45.7% of them are still living with their parents,
28.6% live in a rented apartment and 25.7% own their house or apartment. Their monthly family
revenues range from below 3 million ROL per month to more than 16 million, as presented in the table
below:

Gender / Income
< 3 mill ROL
3-5 mill
5–8 mill
8-12 mill
>16 mill
TOTAL

Male 37.5%
25%
25%
12.5%
100%

Female
19%
37%
30%
14%
100%

63% of them believe that their standard of life will improve over the next 12 months, 34% consider it
will stay the same. Only 3% believe that things will get worse.

People in this age group think about their spare time as a time when they can do what they like to do, a
time with no constraints, time for relaxation, hobbies and other activities that provide fulfillment. No
matter the denomination, the subjects associate entertainment with party, relaxation, joy, friends, but
also church. Baptist believers participate at 2-3 church meetings per week, while Pentecostal believers
attend more than 3 meetings per week. 82% of all are implicated in various church ministries, which
include working with children or the youth, church music, and missions.

During the week, most Evangelicals between 20 – 25 years have 2-3 spare hours per day. They spend
their spare time with family and friends, reading, watching TV or resting. Baptists are watching TV 1-2
hours per day, while the Pentecostals and other Evangelicals allocate only 0.5 –1 hour per day for TV.
The favorite TV shows are the news, cultural broadcasts, movies, amusement shows, and talk shows.

Education is the primary factor that influences the type of TV programs people in this age group prefer.
Thus, highs school graduates usually turn on the TV to watch the news (40%) or movies (40%). Most
college graduates prefer news (80%), while university graduates are interested in movies (38%), news
(19%) and amusement shows (13%).

The subjects in this age group read primarily Christian literature and publications, fiction, magazines
and the local newspaper. The rate of penetration for Internet is very high - 82% of the Evangelicals
between 20 – 25 years getting on line for e-mail or other information.

The monthly family income is another significant factor that influences how people choose to entertain
themselves, and how much they are willing to spend for this purpose. Thus, people with monthly
revenue less than 3 million ROL usually go to fast foods and pastry shops during the week. Twice or
three weekends per month they are going out with friends and play sports. Several times a year they
leave the town for the weekend. They are really active, and never get bored. They would like to be able
to take more trips, study the Bible, spend more time with the family and play various sports. They
would love to have a Christian club in Oradea and a runway for bicycles.

The subjects whose families have monthly revenue of 3-5 million ROL prefer to go out for pizza, but
they also like fast foods and pastry shops. On weekends they go out with friends twice or three times
per month or they pay visits to friends and relatives. Several times a year they are able to go on trips,
but they would like to do more trips. In their spare time they would like to skate, to go to the theatre
and visit Disney Land. They want Oradea to have its own amusement park with a roller coaster, but
they also want a botanical garden and a Christian movie theatre.

People who have 5-8 million ROL per month prefer restaurants, pizzeria, and pastry shops. They leave
town almost every weekend, and occasionally go to restaurants on weekends as well. They play sports
once a month. They would like to skate, go to picnics and spend more time with the family, but they
would love to visit other countries, too. They would like to have a skating ring, a Christian club and an
amusement park in Oradea. Consequently, this category is ready to pay more money for various forms
of entertainment.

People with more than 8 millions per month usually go out to restaurant, pizzeria, or fast foods. They
leave town twice or three times per month, and go on trips quite often. When they are in Oradea, they
go out with friends, and go to the restaurant once a month in weekend. They would like to be able to do
more sports (tennis, swimming, jogging), go to music concerts and visit other countries. They would
like to have a skating ring, a bowling hall and more swimming pools.
Age Segment: 25-30 years

This age group represents 20.9% of the total sample group we have analyzed. The main characteristics
of this category are presented below:

Gender / Marital status

Single
Married
Total
Male 8.3%
41.6%
50%

Female
33.3%
16.6%
50%

TOTAL
41.6%
58.2%
100%

57% of the subjects who are married have no children, while 19% have one child and 24% have 2
children.

55% are Baptists, 25% are Pentecostals, and 20% are other type of denomination. It’s very common for
Baptists (90%) and also Pentecostals (78%) to go to church 2 or 3 times a week; this means that they
are spending about 10 hours a week by going to church on Sunday and one time during the week. Apart
from participating into church services, they are involved in church ministries that include preaching,
music, children ministries and missions. 70% of the subjects are active church members (60% of them
being married). Consequently, they have to allocate a few more hours a week for preparation and
practice.

The table below analyzes the relationship between the income level and the marital status of the
subjects. 19% of them have less than 3 million ROL per month, which is enough only to survive. 77%
of these are married, which means either only one member of the family is working, or they are at their
first job, which pays very low. 50% have an income that varies between 3-8 million ROL and these are
represented specially by the married couples. Only 12% of the subject have more than 12 million ROL
per month, and these are all married.
 < 3 mill.
3-5 mill.
5-8 mill.
8-12 mill.
12-16 mill.
>16 mill.

Single
23%
70%
25%
23%

Married
77%
30%
75%
77%
100%
100%

TOTAL 19%
28%
22%
19%
6%
6%

What influences the level of income?

Analyzing the data from the questionnaires is obvious that the education level has a high influence.
Within this particular age group, 56% of the subjects have a university degree and 14% have a college
degree. Also, those with university degree are more optimistic about the improvement of their standard
of living, and only 5% of the subjects are pessimistic.

Related to the savings, 50% of the subjects have made no savings last year, and 28% have savings
between 5-10 million ROL. 45% of couples without savings are the couples living in rented apartment,
which means they have to allocate a significant part of their income to pay for rent. 10% of the couples
have savings of less than 5 million ROL per year. 28% of the couples have savings between 5-15
million ROL, which is mostly used to buy appliances in the house, or to decorate the house. 19% of the
married couples have savings more than million ROL per year; they save money in order to buy their
own apartment or a larger one.

How many spare hours do these people have?

As indicated by the results of our research, 56% of the people in this age group have 1-3 of spare hours
per day. 6% said they have no spare time, and also 6% said that they have more then 4 spare hours per
day. Generally, those who are married have less spare time (48% of them has only 1-2 hours/day).
However, the income level doesn’t affect the amount of spare time people have during a workday, as
indicated by the table below.
How do singles spend their spare time?

7% of the singles that don’t have spare time have no preferences for a particular form of entertainment.
They watch the news on TV, and read Christian publications and the local newspapers. They don’t use
the Internet, do not normally go to restaurants and have not indicated they would like to have new
entertainment facilities in Oradea.

20% of singles have less than 1 hour of spare time per day during the week. They use this time to go
out with friends, to go shopping, or to read, watch TV, and play on the computer. It’s interesting to see
that 67% of them are staying at least one hour in front of the TV watching news, cultural broadcasts
and also movies, which normally are longer than 1 hour. They prefer to read Christian literature and
publications, as well as local newspapers. They are using the Internet, mostly for e-mails. They would
like to spend their spare time going to concerts and conferences, which indicates they want to meet new
people. As new entertainment facilities for the Oradea area they suggest amusement parks and
Christian clubs.

66% of the singles have 2-4 hours of spare time per day. They read Christian literature and
publications, fiction, local and national newspapers. They spend 1-2 hours per day in front of the TV,
watching news, cultural broadcasts, talk shows and movies. They equally like to go to restaurants,
pastry shops, fast foods and pizza restaurants. 60% of them access the Internet from the work place, an
Internet club or friends for e-mail and / or professional purposes. Also, they have time for their
hobbies, which include different sports, and spend time with their children. They would like to go on
trips in Romania or abroad with friends from the church. Also, they would like to be able to go to more
concerts and to the theatre. As new entertainment facilities for the Oradea area they suggest Christian
clubs, parks and viewpoint.

How about the married couples?

6% of the married subjects indicated they have no such thing as spare time. People in this category
don’t watch TV, they only read the Bible and some Christian publications, don’t go to restaurants, and
don’t have ideas about new entertainment facilities in Oradea.

4% of the married subjects have less than 1 hour of spare time each day. They use this time to be with
the family, to read local newspapers and listen to music. They would like to go to swimming, and
would like to have a clean swimming pool.

56% of the married subjects have 2-3 spare hours each day. They like to read local newspapers,
Christian literature and fiction. They spend time playing with children and to go to walk with the
family. On average, they spend 1 hour a day watching TV. Their major priorities are their relationship
with God, the family and after that hobbies and friends. They prefer to go out to pastry shops and fast
foods and they would like to travel more and have more time for their hobbies. In weekends, they go
out of town several times a year, but generally they do the same things as during the week. As new
facilities in the town they mentioned amusement parks, sport clubs, parks for children, more “green”
places - showing a strong interest to spend time with family, friends, or practicing their hobbies.
Age Segment: 30 – 40 years

This age segment is representative as it represents 18.6% of our sample group. Its main characteristics
are presented below:

Gender / Marital status

Single
Married
Divorced Total
Male 6.3%
43.7%
-
50%

Female
18.8%
28.1%
3.1%
50%

TOTAL
25.1%
71.8%
3.1%
100%

Two thirds of the subjects in this age segment have children living with them. Thus, 19% have one
child, 25% have two children, 13% have three children and 9% have 4 or more children. About 34%
have no children living with them, which comparing to the 25.2% that are unmarried results in about
9% Evangelicals who are in their 30s, married and with no children.

59% are Baptist believers, 22% are Pentecostal and 3% are Christians after the Gospel. The other 16%
are coming from other Evangelical denominations, most of them being independent Christians.

Independent of denomination, Evangelicals in this age segment are regular church attendants. 81%
participate into 2-3 church services each week, and 10% go to more than 3 church services a week.
Taking two hours for an average church service and 1 hour to get to the church and come home, this
last category spends at least 9 hours a week in church services. Moreover, 81% of the subjects in this
age segment are involved in at least one church ministry.

Out of the total, 56% of the subjects have medium studies (up to high school) and 46% have university
or post-university studies (jobs as teachers, economist, doctor, engineer or pastor). People with
university background work on average 40 hours per week comparing to the people with medium
studies, who work up to 60 hours per week. Generally, the profession is related to the educational
background. No matter the level of income or studies, apart from attending church services, people
spend most of their spare time reading in Christian literature or watching the news on TV.

For almost 50% of the Evangelicals in this age segment, the family income ranges between 5 and 12
millions ROL per month, and almost all of them own their apartment or a house. 43% were able to save
up to 20 mil. ROL last year and 46% believe their situation will improve over the next 12 months.

The spare time is perceived as a time without responsibilities, the time left after performing the job, a
time without any obligations, time for rest and relaxation. The subjects associate the concept of
entertainment with amusement, distraction, recreation, divertissement, fun, good time, enjoyment and
satisfaction.

In their spare time, the Evangelicals like to rest, read, watch TV, and listen to music. Others prefer to
visit with friends, practice sports, walk or go on trips. More than 30% spend between 1 to 3 hours per
day in front of the TV watching news, sports or movies. 75% of them prefer to read Christian literature,
Christian publications and the local newspaper. One out of six people spend their spare time doing
crosswords. 40% go out to pastry shops and 30% go to pizza places or fast foods. The coffeehouse and
the restaurants are preferred by 10% of the subjects, while 25% do not go out to eat at all.

For the weekend, many Evangelicals prefer to go out of the town, especially to the countryside. Also
people in this age group use weekends, to pay visits to go on trips or to practice sports. Generally,
people use to go to restaurants on weekends only several times a year, many of them only on special
occasions such as wedding celebrations.

53% of the subjects use the Internet, mostly for email, information and professional needs. 34% have
Internet access from the office and 20% from home. Internet penetration is extremely high among high-
educated people (92%) comparing to 27% among those with medium education. 70% from the high-
educated people access Internet from their work office.

56% of the subjects would like to be able to go on more trips in weekends. As new entertainment
facilities in the Oradea area, they have mentioned clean parks, sport facilities, but also amusement
parks (20%), and a Christian club (12%). 30% have no idea what they want to do in their free time. The
level of education is a primary factor of influence as to how people spend their spare time. The highly
educated people want to go outside in the nature, have a picnic, ski, play tennis and other sports, and go
to the theatre or to the concert hall. Given the direct relationship between level of income and
education, highly educated people have more creative ideas for new entertainment facilities: Christian
clubs, sport halls, swimming pools, hippodrome, Disney land, etc. On the other hand, the preferences
of people with medium education are somewhat more limited, including music, trips and visits.

Age Segment: 40 – 55 years

This age group is representative for our research as it represents 25.6% of the total sample group.
Below are presented its main characteristic, as collected through the questionnaires:

80% of the group are married, 70% have minor children under their care, 78% are Baptists, 70% of
them are attending church 2 or 3 times per week, and 52% are involve in a church ministry.

Gender / marital status

Single
Married
Divorced
Widow
TOTAL

Male
10%
90%
-
-
100%

Female
6%
80%
10%
4%
100%

Gender /

Income (mill. ROL)

<3
3–5
5–8
8–12
12–16
>16

Male
13%
38%
31%
13%
-
-

Female
15%
33%
26%
22%
-
4%
Gender /

education
General school
Technical

school
High school
College
University

Male
16%
25%
30%
14%
15%

Female
14%
20%
20%
30%
16%

11% have minimum studies, 74% have medium studies and 15% have university studies. 43% of the
Evangelicals in this age group work between 40 – 60 hours/week, 32% work 20 - 40 hours/week and
7% work over 60 hours/week.

39% are living in a 3-room apartment, 30% in a 2-room apartment and 20% are living in houses. The
income varies, 34% having a total income of 3-5 millions lei per month, 27% having 5-8 millions
lei/month, 18% having 8-12 millions lei/month and 14% having less than 3 millions/month. 55% of
them did not succeed to make savings last year, 16% did save between 5-10 millions lei and 7% saved
between 10 –15 millions lei.

27% of the group spend 2 or 3 hours per day watching TV, 23% watch TV between half an hour and
one hour and 18% spend 1 – 2 per day in front of the TV. 55% of the group prefer to go out to fast
foods and pastry shops, 23% go to pizza restaurants, 16% to restaurants and 6% to cafés.

The most significant factor that influences the consumer behavior in entertainment is the income.
Based on income it can be observed that the methods of entertainment differ, the quantity of spare time
available per workday differs and so do the preferences for spending the spare time. The second
significant factor, which has a direct relation with the first factor, is the education.
Thus, people with a medium level of income (3 – 8 millions lei) also have medium studies – high
school and technical school, while people with high level of income (over 8 millions) are usually
university graduates. It is important to mention that Evangelicals in this age group have been educated
during the communist period, when titles and positions were considered important. In that period of
time, people with university studies were able to get fancy jobs and high salaries. Consequently, the
relationship between income and education is a direct one for this age group.

It is very interesting to notice that although Evangelicals are in general optimistic about their future,
pessimism rather than optimism characterizes people in this age group. The majority thinks that their
living standards will remain the same over the next 12 months; there is no determination for doing
something to improve their own living standard.

Another direct relation between factors is the one between income and amount of spare time. Those
with high level of income have less free time than those with a medium or low level of income, but
there are cases when the amount of spare time of those with high income equals the group average.

Another interesting fact is that regardless of income, or educational level or the time available, the TV
is the first option for entertainment. In general, the majority has up to 3-hours of spare time per day,
from which 1 or 2 hours are spent in front of the TV. The favorite programs vary only by gender –
women prefer series and news, while men are interested in sports, news and documentaries.
Surprisingly, the TV novels are positioned in the top of preferences of people with medium and low
level of education as well as preferences of people with high level of education. Thus, the primary
factor of influence is not the Evangelical subculture or any of the factors mentioned above, but the
Romania culture itself, as part of the Latin cultures.

The top five preferences in spending the free time in a workday include reading, watching TV,
walking, spending time with family and visiting with friends and relatives. It must be noticed that these
activities are not money consuming at all. People are reading mostly Christian literature and
newspapers; in general, only those with university degree read non-Christian literature (i.e. fiction).
This means that the group is spending money only on Christian literature and newspapers, while other
reading preferences can be satisfied without spending any money.

Another interesting factor related to the educational level is that most people in this age group don’t
have any hobby, except for those with a higher level of education. People in this subcategory have
hobbies that include fishing, gardening and painting.

In weekends, regardless the income factor, people are going to the country, to visit their relatives.
Some of those with high income are going on trips, and occasionally participate at various events or go
to a restaurant. People with medium or low level of income stay home, watch TV, visit friends or
simply rest.

The majority of the group does not use the Internet; still there are some cases when Internet is used for
professional purposes.
In the free time they would prefer to read, to walk in the parks, to make visits, spend time with their
families or just rest. Their suggestions for improving the offers in entertainment in Oradea have a wide
range of variety: bowling, sports club, clean parks, clubs for people with age between 45 – 60 years and
Christian clubs.

Summing up, the group analyzed above is not a money-consuming segment. They prefer to entertain
mainly at home, watching TV or spending time with their families. Income is a significant factor but
not a vital one. There are people with money that prefer to stay at home like the others that cannot
afford to go out to entertain. In other cases, although the educational background creates the need for
such forms of entertainment as concerts, opera or art exhibits, these are not available in the Oradea
area. The majority of the group spends very little money on entertainment due to their age and the fact
that most of them are saving money for their children or for “black days”.

3. COCLUSIONS

The Evangelical community of Christians creates a subculture of its own, which is strongly based on
Bible principles and represents the primary factor of influence as to how people entertain. Their style of
living is rather modest, as they prefer to invest time and resources in going to church or work more to
take care of family. The church fulfils not just the spiritual needs but also the social needs; thus, special
activities organized by the church become an entertainment event, with church members coming to
enjoy the music and the performance of the preacher.

Evangelicals generally have only few relationships outside the church, thus the way they spend their
spare time is centered around church and family. Although the buying power generally affects the
entertainment habits of people, this is not always the primary factor of influence. Evangelicals with
incomes below 5 million (single and married) do not have hobbies and they are not very demanding of
entertainment products either. Young people who had the opportunity to travel abroad are very open to
new entertainment products, such as amusement parks, golf courses, bowling or Christian clubs, but
these are not currently available in the Oradea area. Some age groups are more influence by education
(40-55 years) or marital status (25-30), not necessarily money.

The greatest number of consumers for paid entertainment products is concentrated in the age group of
15-40 years. Generally, Evangelical Christians in Oradea perceive ‘entertainment’ as rest, relaxation,
fun, amusement, movies, music, trips, parties, games, computers, dates and friends. Evangelicals who
are older than 40 have a different mentality, many of them having been born in the country side, which
is why apart form church services, they generally spend their weekends in the country side. We noticed
though that the same age group is paying for their children’s entertainment, even when this involves
financial sacrifices.

Our research indicates that the entertainment products that appeal to Evangelical Christians in the
Oradea area are universal products (i.e. amusement parks, sport clubs, bowling, computers, TV) rather
than niche products, such as Christian music or Christian clubs. Consequently, we can talk about
entertainment for Christians, rather than ‘Christian entertainment’.
APPENDIX A

EMANUEL UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Management
85 Nuf*rului Rd.

Tel: 059-467203

QUESTIONNAIRE

This inquiry is a part of a research project of the Management Faculty from the Emmanuel University
Oradea. You will need approximately 20 minutes to fill this questionnaire, which includes questions on
how you spend / would like to spend your free time and some general questions as well. The
questionnaire is anonymous and the results of this inquiry will be used only for scientific purposes.

Thank you for your cooperation.

Section I
This section contains 15 general questions. For each question we ask you to mark with X the suitable
category or categories.

1. What is your age?

_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________

Under 20 years
20-25
25-30
30-40
40-55
Over 55

2. Gender _______ Male _______ Female

3. Marital status

_______ unmarried
_______ divorced

_______ married
_______ widow

4. How many minor children live with you?

__________
__________
__________
__________
__________

0
1
2
3
over 4

5. What is your religious denomination?

_______ Baptist
______Pentecostal

_______ Evangelical Christian

______Adventist

_______ Lord’s Army

______Other (please specify) _________

How many church services do you normally attend over a week period?

____ I don’t go to church weekly

_______ 1 service

____ 2-3 services

_______ over 3 services per week

Are you involved in any church ministry?

_______ Yes
_______ No

If Yes, in what areas? (Check with X all the suitable categories)

____ preaching/Bible studies

____ choir/musical group

____ ministry with children /youth

____ mission ministry

____visits to poor / sick

____ other (please specify)______

8. What form of education did you graduate?

_______ general school

_______ college

_______ technical school

_______ university

_______ high school

_______ post-university

Which of the following categories defines better your current job?

_______ technician / clerk

_______ worker

_______ economist / accountant

_______ student

_______ doctor / pharmacist

_______ house holder

_______ crafts
_______ retired
_______ sales agent
_______ unemployed

_______ farmer
_______ other (please specify) _______

How many days in a week do you work at your job?

____ 1 day
_____ 4 days
_____ 7 days

____ 2 days
_____ 5 days

____ 3 days
_____ 6 days

Your weekly work program is:

_______ less than 20 hours

_______ 40-60 hours

_______ 20-40 hours

_______ over 60 hours

What type of home do you have? Please check with X the suitable column and row.

Private property
Rented apartment
I live with my parents

_______ 1 room apartment

_______ 2 rooms apartment

_______ 3 rooms apartment (or more)

_______ house

What is your total family income per month?

_______ under 3,000,000 lei

_______ 8,000,000 - 12,000,000 lei

_______ 3,000,000 -5,000,000 lei

_______ 12,000,000 –16,000,000 lei

_______ 5,000,000-8,000,000 lei

_______ over 16,000,000 lei

How much of your family’s income did you save last year?

_______ nothing
_______ under 5,000,000 lei

_______ 5,000,000 - 10,000,000 lei

_______ 10,000,000 -15,000,000 lei

_______ 15,000,000 –20,000,000 lei

_______ over de 20,000,000 lei

Over the next 12 months your family living standard will:

_______ improve

_______ stay the same

_______ get worse

Section II
This section contains a set of questions regarding the way you spend your spare time during the week
and in the weekends.

Please explain shortly what do you understand by ‘free time’:

___________________________________________________________________

What word comes in your mind when you think of entertainment (one word):
_________________

In general, how many free hours do you have per day in a work week?

_______ I don’t have free time

_______ 2-3 hours daily

_______ less than 1 hour

_______ 3-4 hours daily

_______ 1-2 hours daily

_______ over 4 hours daily

Please, specify in you preference order, the ways you spend your free time in a workweek.

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

How much time do you spend watching TV in a workweek?

_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________

Not at all
Less than ½ hours
½ - 1 hours
1-2 hours
2-3 hours
Over 3 hours

If you watch TV, what are you favorite programs? Please, rank from 1 to 5 to your top five favorite
programs (1 indicates the most favorite program, 5 indicates the less favorite program)
______ informative programs

______ entertainment

______ talk-show

______ movies

______ series

______ sports

______ cultural programs

______ other (please specify) ________________________

What type of literature do you read in your free time? Please, rank from 1 to 5 to your top five favorite
type of literature; 1 indicates the most favorite type of literature, 5 indicates the less favorite type of
literature.
______ local newspapers

______ central newspapers

______ magazines

______ Christian publications

______ belletristic literature

______ Christian literature

______ crosswords

______ other, please specify ______________________________

In what type of places do you prefer to go on your free time? (Please mark with X all the suitable
categories)

_____ Restaurant

_____ Pizzerias

_____ Fast-food
_____ Café

_____ Pastry shop

Do you use the Internet?

_______ yes
_______ no

If yes, in what purposes? Please mark with X all the correct answers.

______ professional

______ news / information

______ E-mail

______ Chat

______ games

______ shopping

______ other, please specify _______________________

Where from do you access the Internet?

_____ from home

_____ from work

_____ from friends

_____ from clubs

_____ from school

The table above is referring to the way you spend your free time in a typical weekend. Please mark
with X for each category in the right column.
In a typical weekend …
Never
Several times in a year
Once a month
For 2 or 3 time a month
Every weekend

I’m going out of town

I’m going to the country

I’m getting bored.

I’m going out with my friends

I like to pay visits

I make sports

I watch TV all day

I’m going on a trip

I’m going to a restaurant

Please specify several ways in which you would like to entertain (others than current)
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

What entertainment products / facilities would you like to be available in Oradea?

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

1 Bantas, Andreea: Dictionar Englez-Roman, Ed. Teora, Bucuresti, 1999

2 Please see Appendix A