Control of Advanced Powertrain Systems

ME 599 (Special Topics)-Winter 2003

(3 credits)

Instructor: Professor Stefanopoulou

MW 4:30-6:00 PM
EECS 1003

Modern engines employ electronic control and novel actuator/sensor technologies to satisfy the
challenging and often conflicting goals of minimizing exhaust emissions, providing increased fuel
economy and satisfying driver performance requirements over a wide range of operating
conditions.

In this course we study the essential aspects of electronic engine control. We first introduce
modeling and simulation techniques and follow with classical spark ignition (gasoline) and
compression ignition (diesel) engine control problems. In the last part of the course we present
recent control development for advanced engines with direct injection, camless actuation, active
boosting technologies and modern powerplants with hybrid-electric and fuel cell power generation.

Throughout the course we review and apply topics across control engineering, namely, system
identification, averaging, feedforward, feedback, multivariable (multiple SISO and MIMO),
estimation, dynamic programming, and optimal control. The students will combine fundamental
concepts in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment.

No textook is required. Lecture notes and handouts on selected material will be distributed in class.

Relevant Books (they will be in the Media Union Course Reserves for loan)
1. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, Heywood, McGraw-Hill, 1988 (an expensive but “must-
have” book if you are going to work on IC engines)
2. Bosch, Automotive Handbook, xx Ed (a good pocket book that introduces every automotive system in less
than three sentences; you do not need it if you know about cars)
3. Fuel Cell Systems Explained, Larminie, and Dirks, Wiley, 2000 (very good introduction to Fuel Cells)
4. Automotive Control Systems, U. Kiencke, and L. Nielsen, SAE and Springer-Verlag, 2000 (a
good book to browse if interested in driveline control; we will not use it much)
5. W. B. Ribbens, Understanding Automotive Electronics, SAMS, Prentice Hall, 1992. Air-
Pollution Control Handbook, AP. (an undergraduate level textbook with basic information)
6. G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell, A. Emami-Naeini, “Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems,”
Prentice Hall, 2002. (very good book on Control; review Chapter 1-4 and the beginning of Chapters 5-7)
7. W. Messner and D. Tilbury, Control Tutorials for Matlab and Simulink : A Web-Based
Approach (UMICH students can access it for free in http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm/working/mac/)

Grading will be based on paper project, homeworks, and one midterm exam (take-home)
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Open to graduate students in Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Aerospace, and Marine Engineering
with basic control engineering and dynamics background (ME 360 and ME461 equivalent).
Permission from the instructor is required for senior undergraduate students.
 Course Outline:
Chapter 1: Background and Motivation
Chapter 2: Control Oriented Modeling
The Basics: Ideal Gas Law, Mass Conservation, Energy Conservation
The Assumptions: Volume Filling Dynamics (space-averaging) and Orifice Flow Equations
The Fidelity: Detailed and Mean-Value Models
Event-averaging in time- and crankangle-domain
Regression and mapping data
Linearization
System Identification
Chapter 3: Classical Engine Control Functionalities
Air-to-Fuel Ratio Control
For Fast Response: Feedforward Control with Air Charge Estimation
For Accurate Response: Feedback Regulation with Oxygen Sensors (Linear and switching sensor)
Cylinder-to-cylinder Maldistribution (Lifting Control technique)
Spark Timing Control
The Easy Way: The Look-Up Table
The Right Way: Feedback with In-Cylinder Sensors
The Detailed Way: Combustion sensing, Estimation Algorithms and Misfire Detection
Idle Speed Control
The Tradeoff: Fuel economy and vibrations
The Three Devils: Unmeasured Disturbance, Actuator Authority, and Bandwidth Limitation
The Tools: Coordinated Feedforward and Feedback
Adaptive Control Methodology
Spark Compensation—multiple SISO tuning and MIMO control design
Emission Control
First Chance: Feedgas Emission Control
Second Chance: Exhaust Aftertreatment (Three-Way Catalytic Converters, Lean NOx Traps, Sensors)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
External EGR Control
Estimation for Gasoline and Diesel (high-speed and heavy-duty)
Internal EGR Control
Control of Variable Camshaft Timing and Variable Valve Timing
Air and Burned Gas Charge Estimation
Chapter 4: Advanced Technology Engines
Camless Engines
Difficulties in Idle speed control, Air and Burned Gas Charge Estimation
Actuator Control
Turbocharged Diesel Engines
Coordinated control of VGT and EGR for low Smoke and NOx emission
Optimal Control of Electrically Assisted Turbocharging
Gasoline Direct Injection Engines
Lean NOx Traps, Switching Modes, Idle Speed and AFR interactions, EGR Control
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines
Control and Constrains in Breathing for Controlled Autoignition
Chapter 5: Hybrid Electric Powertrains
Static and Dynamic Models
Optimization Approaches
Transient Control of Hybrid Transitions
Chapter 6: Fuel Cell Power (concentration in PEM-FC Systems)
Background and Principles
Air flow, Heat, Humidity and Power management
Reactant (Air and Hydrogen) Flow Control
MIMO Control issues of Hydrogen reforming (CPOX, POX, WGSR)