UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR

WESTERN MULTIDISCISPLINARY CAMPUS

ENGLISH II- ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS Y
CONTADURÍA PÚBLICA
FACILITATOR: LICDA. MARICARMEN DE
QUINTANILLA
SEMESTER II – 2021

By: Jorge Navas

Student name: Eliseo Antonio Sifontes López. ________Carnet: sl21021___________

PART I
LANGUAGE NOTES

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

El presente perfecto se refiere a una acción o estado que ocurrió en un momento

indefinido del pasado o que comenzó en el pasado y continuó hasta el presente. La
construcción de este tiempo verbal es sencilla. Algunos de los elementos son have o has,
dependiendo del sujeto con el que se conjugue el verbo. Otro elemento es el participio
pasado del verbo (Past Participle), que suele formarse añadiendo -ed o -d a la raíz del
verbo (por ejemplo, walked, cleaned, typed, perambulated, jumped, laughed, etc.)

Present Perfect Structure

Affirmative form: Subject + has/have + Verb (Past Participle Form) + Complement.

Subject Has/ have Verb (Past Participle form) Complement

I have solved 20 exercises so far.
My sister has cleaned the room.
She has watched the movie several times.

Negative form: Subject + has/have not + Verb (Past Participle Form) + Complement.

Subject has/have not Verb (Past Participle form) Complement

He has not saved any money until now.
I have not made the coffee yet.
They have not gone fishing this weekend.

Interrogative form: has/have + subject + Verb (Past Participle Form) + Complement + ?

 Has/have Subject Verb (Past Participle form) Complement + ?
Has she saved any money until now?
Have you made the coffee?
Has he solved 20 exercises so far?

Nota: *haven’t y hasn’t son las formas contractadas de have not y has not
*I’ve es la forma contractada de I have

Bonus:

Extra information about:

 Past Participle verbs information:

 https://www.aprenderinglesrapidoyfacil.com/2014/05/29/el-pasado-participio-en-
ingles-past-particple-explicacion/

 Past Participle verbs for regular and irregular verbs list:

 https://www.gallaudet.edu/tutorial-and-instructional-programs/english-
center/grammar-and-vocabulary/verbs/irregular-verb-list/

 https://bristolenos.com/2017/06/21/lista-de-verbos-mas-importantes-en-ingles-
regulares-e-irregulares/

FUNCIONES DEL PRESENT PERFECT

El Present Perfect se emplea para señalar un vínculo entre el presente y el pasado. El

tiempo en que transcurre la acción es anterior al presente pero inespecífico y, a menudo,
recae un mayor interés sobre el resultado que sobre la propia acción.

El Present Perfect se utiliza para:

 Destacar el resultado de una acción pasada sin mencionar el momento real en que ocurrió:

 I have met that girl before.

 We have discussed this issue a few times.

 Hablar de una acción realizada en un período de tiempo que aún no ha terminado (el mismo
día, semana, mes, etc.):
  Have you seen Lacy today? (The day is not over yet.)
 I have had several tests this month. (The month has not finished yet.)

Uso de “Since” and “For” en Present Perfect

 Referirnos a una acción que comenzó en el pasado y ha continuado hasta ahora. A menudo
se utiliza “since” indicando el comienzo de la acción o para indicar la duración de la acción:

 They have lived here for ten years.

 I have not seen her since we left high school.
 Clare and John have known each other since they were in primary school.

Nota: Recuerda que For se utiliza con un periodo de tiempo and Since se utiliza para
referirse a un punto específico en el tiempo. Ejemplo:

 I have been walking for five hours – He estado caminando por 5 horas (aún no

termina la acción)
 I have been walking since 10 p.m. – He estado trabajando desde las 10 p.m. (la
acción aún no ha concluido)

Uso de “just” “yet” and “already” en Present perfect

 Se utiliza para indicar actividades completadas en el pasado inmediato, para este caso
usamos “just”:

 I have just finished my work. -Acabo de terminar mi trabajo.

 John has just taken the medicine. -John acaba de tomar la medicina.
 We have just seen her. -Nosotros acabamos de verla.

 Para referirnos a una acción que estamos esperando y que aún no ha ocurrido, para este
caso usamos “yet” (se usa mayormente en las oraciones Negativas e Interrogativas)

Sarah has not finished her homework yet. -Sarah aún no ha terminado sus deberes.

Has the train arrived yet? -¿Ha llegado ya el tren? / ¿Ya llegó el tren?
Jacob hasn’t left his job at the hospital yet -Jacob aún no ha dejado su trabajo en el hospital

 Acciones que han sucedido antes o más pronto de lo esperado, en este caso se utiliza
“already”:
  They have already finished their -Ellos ya han acabado sus deberes.
homework.
 Jacob has already left work. -Jacob ya se ha ido del trabajo.
 The train has already arrived. -El tren ya ha llegado.

Uso de “Ever” and “Never” en Present Perfect

 Generalmente, se usa “ever” para hacer preguntas sobre acciones que han ocurrido alguna
vez

 Have you ever been abroad? -¿Alguna vez has estado en el extranjero?

 Has she ever let you down? -Alguna vez te ha decepcionado?
 Do you ever wonder why we’re here? -¿Alguna vez te preguntas por qué estamos aquí?

 Se usa “never” para negar o explicar que una acción no ha ocurrido ninguna vez (solo para
oraciones en negativo)

 I’ve never drunk alcohol. -Yo nunca he bebido alcohol.

 They have never been abroad.  -Ellos nunca han estado en el extranjero.
 She has never been to Italy. -Ella nunca ha estado en Italia.

Nota: Al usar “never” en una oración, no debemos usar “no”, “not” o ningún otro
negativo, ya que el “never” convierte en negativo la oración y no podemos usar un doble
negativo en una sola oración:

Incorrect: I haven't never been to Italy.

Correct: I have never been to Italy

Bonus:
Extra information about:

 Present Perfect using “just” “already” “yet” “since” “for” “ever” “never”

 https://www.aprendeinglessila.com/2013/05/presente-perfecto-just-already-
yet-since-for/
  https://www.ef.com/wwes/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-
inglesa/present-perfect-ever-never-already-yet/

PART II
PRACTICE SECTION

Activity 1 – Writing
Directions: Reed and check every sentence carefully. If a sentence is correct, mark the
option “Correct”, and if the sentences have any mistake, mark the option “wrong” and
rewrite the sentence correctly below each statement.

Example: Alonso have seen that movie several times. (Correct/Wrong)

Alonso has seen that movie several times._________________

1. They have never not played soccer at school (Correct/Wrong)

_ They have never played soccer at school. ___________________

2. Diego has never finished his career, and he will graduate next month! (Correct/Wrong)

Diego has just finished his career, and he will graduate next month.__

3. Have you ever been to Mexico? (Correct/Wrong)

_______________________________________________________________

4. I’ve lived in Santa Ana since 2 years. (Correct/Wrong)

______________________________________________________________

5. Bryan have played the guitar for he is a child, he is a master! (Correct/Wrong)

_ Bryan has played the guitar since he is a child, he is a master!_________

6. Has the teacher arrived at the classroom yet? It’s time to start the class! (Correct/Wrong)

______________________________________________________________

7. I have already written the report for the next meeting. (Correct/Wrong)

_______________________________________________________________

8. Sally has never finished the English course yet, because she is repeating the same levels.
(Correct/Wrong)
 Sally has not finished the English course yet, because she is repeating the same
levels.__

9. We have seen this movie at least 5 times in this month, that’s so boring!
(Correct/Wrong)

______________________________________________________________________

10. Luis have had many evaluations this weekend, and he has more the coming week!
(Correct/Wrong)
Luis has had many evaluations this weekend, and he has more the coming week!

_____________________________________________________________________

Activity 2 – Online fill in the blanks

Directions:
 Go to the link https://wordwall.net/play/21767/740/253 to resolve the online activity
about Present Perfect tense.
 The exercise is dived in 3 blocks of 5 sentences.
 Write your name before starting the exercise.
 Read each sentence carefully and fill the blank spaces with “just” “already” “yet”
“since” “for” “ever” “never” where they are required.
 You have to drag the blocks in the blank spaces.
 After completing a block, choose the option “enviar respuestas” to check the sentences
that you have correct or wrong.
 At the end of the exercises, you will see the score that you get and the option to repeat the
exercise.
 You can repeat the activity as many times as necessary to improve your score.
 Activity 3 – Choosing the correct verb

Directions: Write the

Past Participle form of the
verbs that appears
between parentheses.

1. They haven’t
__gone ___ (go) to
the shopping
center.
2. Helen has never
__been ______ (be)
in Europe.
3. My dogs have not ___eaten___ (eat) anything in the whole day!
4. Have you ever __bought___ (buy) a strange gift for someone?
5. How long have you _lived___ (live) in this city?
6. Marta has __written___ (write) the half part of his essay.
7. We have _asked_____ (ask) many question for the teacher in this class.
8. My brother has never _driven___ (drive) a car!
9. Have you ever _seen___ (see) a ghost? That’s would be scary!
10. Has Emma’s child _broken___ (break) my new flower pot?
11. Have you ever _drunk____ (drank) alcohol? I don't know what it tastes like!
12. Michael has already _forgotten___ (forget) how to use the Simple past!
13. Have you ever _kept__ (keep) a special letter that someone gives to you?
14. Peter has not _paid__ (pay) the bills yet!
 15. A friend of mine has already _gotten__ (get) married. He is too young to do that!

Activity 4 – Using Present Perfect to respond

Directions: Write an affirmative sentences (+), a negative sentence (-) or write a question
to someone using your own information. Don’t forget to use the extra given elements in
your sentences.

Example: (-) (be) __________________________

Possible solution: (-) (be) I have never been in the United State.

The affirmative sentence was given using personal example and using the extra given item:
Be (in Past Participle form)

1. (+) My brother and I have been playing soccer._____________________________

2. (+) (since) Lebron James has been playing basketball since 2004._______________
3. (-) I have never been married.____________________________________________
4. (-) (yet) Nayeli hasn't finished eating yet.___________________________________
5. (+) (for) I have listened to Green Day for 10 years.___________________________
6. (-) (take) He hasn't taken his relationship with that girl seriously.______________
7. Create a question for someone have you been behaving well?___________________
8. Create a question for someone Has Michael Jordan been the best athlete in history?
9. (+) (be) I have been doing the English guide.________________________________
10. (-) (be) He hasn't been studying for tomorrow’s exam.________________________

"It’s absurd to condemn past ignorance from present wisdom".

-Pablo d'Ors