1

Forward

Somewhere around 2007 to present 2011, I have been doing research that resulted in two
lines of work; “Searching For A Vision Of Humankind” and “The Levinson-Asimov-
Clarke Phenomenon”. Both seemed to end with the question: Will humankind succeed,
or will it fail? And, there was some kind of indication as to what we need to look at, if we
are to take our destiny into our own hands and succeed. These indications, that are
arrived at through much natural investigation, give us a beginning point to work from,
rather than offer the exact solution, and the question remains, in so far as this research is
science done in a very unorthodox fashion, are we racing against the clock and should
this be pursued right away, or do we have much time to work things out? I don’t know,
but when we look at the world situation, I seem to think it is the former.

In this second edition of “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon”, I have integrated

into it my work “Searching For A Vision Of Humankind”. The result is a comprehensive
vision of the human situation, which is outlined in the former, and the suggestion as to
what we need to look at, to solve that situation is in the latter.

Much more work needs to be done, and, the undertaking will be immense, but I believe
there is something here worth pursuing. While the content found within these pages is a
lot, and very thick, it is still only an outline.

Ian Beardsley
April 4, 2011
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Preface To The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon.

While contemplating the Universe and researching how it is connected to the future of
humans gets at the meaning of life in that it not only stimulates the mind but is pivotal to
the survival of humanity, one must first address the political and economic situation, if he
or she is to live in a world where he or she is afforded the opportunity to think creatively.

Creative thinking, as H.G. Wells pointed out, is the most crucial factor in keeping pace
with finding solutions that can solve the rapidly growing problems that can bring our
existence out of existence. Building a Utopia, if not simply a viable world order that
satisfies every person’s needs, by understanding the Universe, is a wonderful idea. But,
suppression of free thought will continue to rise if we do not first address the more
immediate problem at hand, which is quite simple to describe: We have a government
that is basically saying that they can take everything for themselves and that the people
can go suck eggs.

This is evident in the government bailing out banks and subsidizing the rich, allotting
massive funds to wars, then cutting jobs in the public sectors here at home and telling the
workers they can no longer have benefits and cannot negotiate the terms of their work
contracts, while giving themselves pay raises, good health insurance, and retirement
benefits, all of which are greatly reduced in the lives of the people and is tending towards
nil.

The work I have done on this project so far, will remain unchanged because it can serve
as a basis for taking a new direction, as opposed to being the solution itself, as it is. That
is to say, it will no longer be an apolitical exploration of the nature of the Universe but
the direction of the research will be guided by a political activism that is rooted in
America being a government for the people by the people.

Ian Beardsley
March 28, 2011
 4

Introduction To The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon

If you read a first year introduction to Archaeology, one of the first things you will learn
is that civilizations formed around agriculture, and that lead to the development of
systems of societies and the developments of cultures, that allowed humans to deal with
higher complexity as they grew.

But is that new news? We now have Complexity Theory, which tells us that the form that
societies take have a potential to carry civilization so far, and at some point collapse to a
simpler system, because they can only carry so much of a load, and the load increases
with time.

And, indeed, if you have read the book “Collapse”, by Jared Diamond, it tells us current
political systems are not compatible with the science of nature, and nature is resources,
which determines completely the economic wealth of the world. Furthermore, there is not
an infinite supply of resources, and those that do renew, like water and air, are threatened
by the way we treat nature, which is fully determined by our economic systems. The
solution to ensuring that renewable resources renew, rests, in the author’s point of view,
in steady-state economics, what has come to be known as bioeconomics. As far as
finding more resources that are not renewable goes, I believe the best answer, currently,
rests in colonizing the solar system, though with nuclear fusion, once adequately
developed, we would be able, through nuclear chemistry, to make any resource, such as
gold or silver from something as common as sand. As far as energy goes, the sunlight that
passes us every day, is energy that could be harnessed, and that could satisfy the planet’s
needs, if solar technology was sufficiently developed.

Is it some kind of coincidence, from what has been said here concerning human
existence, that the time wave of Terence McKenna, which he has purported maps out the
events of time, ends in 2012?

With complexity theory in mind, that is, now that we understand civilizations collapse
when they run out of potential, instead of letting them collapse to something crude, can
we not map out a future that has a great deal of potential?

I believe the greatest potential for a human society, can be found in the works of some of
the great science fiction writers of our past and present times. That will be the scope of
this book, to map out a better future for humankind before the current world order loses
all of its potential, using science fiction.

Ian Beardsley
March 27, 2011
 5

Our Planet And Its Worth

As I looked out to the Western Horizon, and saw a beautiful Sun

setting, it illuminated the lush, rich Chaparral Habitat, of beautiful
deciduous trees that are here in this Southern California Valley,
and I thought how precious is the Earth a planet considering the
rarity in which planets form in the orbit of The Habitable Zone of a
star, and that in turn converge with all of the right factors, such as
oceans of water and proper atmospheric composition to allow life
to evolve into intelligence.

We know Earthlike planets are certainly great in number given the

immense size of the Universe and its immense content of stars, but
certainly the number pales in comparison to the number of star
systems that have dead worlds.

It dawned on me we do not know all the forces that were in play to

make such an extraordinary planet occur, and given that life had to
be safe on it for 600 million years for intelligence to evolve from
the first single cellular organisms, it is extraordinary. That means
during all that time nothing from deep space collided with the
Earth large enough to dash it to pieces, and the Earth spin and
orbital elements were right enough that climate was appropriate for
life sustaining conditions and that the earth did not gradually spiral
into the sun.

Therefore, I thought, with so much invested in the Earth, would

humans be allowed to upset and destroy the delicate natural
systems that make life on it possible, like the carbon, water, and
nitrogen cycles. Certainly, would not advanced intelligent life from
somewhere else not step in and say: “If humans cannot take care of
this gem, we can.”
 6

Could that not be why it seems we are being monitored by life

from elsewhere in the universe? Could that not account for those
UFO sightings that seem legitimate?

Ian Beardsley
March 08, 2011
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Fiction/Reality Entanglement

The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon is evidence for

fiction/reality entanglement, where fiction is the creation of events
or material existences invented in the mind of a writer and reality
is the state of the Universe throughout time or in a particular
instant.

I have stumbled upon breathtaking empirical occurrences of this

phenomenon, not while setting out to do so, but having come
across the phenomenon. That is why I have decided to pursue it as
research. I find it to have the potential to go way out there and
come back with something concrete and exciting.

I find the writer, or observer, cannot be separated from the event,

or intersection between fiction and reality, therefore the research
sometimes involves autobiography, and is behind why I have
included much of what I write with the date upon which I wrote it.
For instance I connected my growth rate constant toward
hyperdrive to the McKenna timewave on the evening of 2011’s
Supermoon and began work that revealed the Levinson-Asimov-
Clarke phenomenon during the two year 2009 eclipse of the star
Epsilon Aurigae, which I measured 27 years before during its last
eclipse at the state observatory in Oregon.

I have found that human entanglement can be verified by life in

Mexico and Italy. I have spent some time in both countries and
find there is a certain kind of magic that happens in both countries
where everything “works out” without trying. I also find that both
countries have similar cultures that allow for this, as evidenced in
their literature. I understand South America to be this way too.
Consider the Italian work, “The Castle Of Crossed Destinies” and
the Latin work “Aunt Julia And The Scriptwriter”. Since I don’t
see it appropriate to reduce people and their cultures to numbers, I
will not be reductionist in my description of their ways of life.
 8

What are the benefits of fiction/reality entanglement? I think it is at

the root of trying to create a truly operational psychohistory.
Psychohistory was the science fiction idea of Isaac Asimov where
future events and states of civilizations could be predicted in
mathematical probabilities.

Some mathematicians have been serious about trying to create

such a mathematics while others have said it is probably
impossible. All agree that if it is possible it is as monumental a task
as a Unified Field Theory, the holy grail of physics.

My approach seems to differ from that of others working on a

psychohistorical mathematics in that I am not using history alone
as input but am showing, as well, there is a connection between
humans and the universe, and how and why is related to the ways
of life in Italy and Latin America.

I have begun to write about what happens in those countries in my

book and online paper, “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke
Phenomenon”.

In short, by looking at reality we can tell which way fiction will go, but by
looking at fiction, we can see which way reality will go. It is a Quantum
Mechanical Idea that the observer creates reality. Fiction and Reality are
Entangled.

Ian Beardsley
April 1, 2011
 9

About The Saga

Gaia Hypothesis says the physical aspects of Earth interact with

the biological aspects of Earth to maintain such a system that taken
as a whole is Gaia. It further tells us humans are a part of Gaia and
if humans have become bad for Gaia in some way, Gaia will
eliminate humans to adjust the system for its own good. I believe,
from my work in “The Exciting Neptune Saga”, that the planet
Neptune holds a clue as to what humans need to do to counter their
negative effects on Gaia.

The Exciting Neptune Saga by Ian Beardsley differs from The

Space Odyssey series of Arthur C. Clarke in that it is not about the
planet Jupiter and the birth of a new life bearing star system in our
solar system. It is about the planet Neptune and how it holds the
key to the success of humanity and the planet Earth.

Becoming a spacefaring civilization is, in my point of view, more a

social and political problem than a technological one.

If the people were to get behind their governments with such

aspirations, and the governments were to use resources wisely
while managing things for the well being of the people, the
technology would come of its own accord. It is already advancing
at astonishing rates.

It is the purpose of this work to find reason to go into space that

can be presented to society, to get them behind the goal of the
settlement of the solar system, and even behind the goal of going
to the stars, both of which would have immense returns.

This work also strives to find the secret behind life sustaining star
systems so as to create, maintain, and rejuvenate them. Such an
endeavor could be called a “project genesis”.
 10

The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon

Third Edition

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2008 – 2011 by Ian Beardsley

Cover Art By Ian Beardsley

 11

I have written three papers on the anomaly of how my scientific investigation shows the
Universe related to the science fiction of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C.
Clarke. In my last paper, “The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation” part of the
comprehensive work “The Levinson, Asimov, Clarke Triptic, I suggest these three
authors should be taken together to make some kind of a whole, that they are intertwined
and at the heart of science fiction. I have now realized a fourth paper is warranted, and it
is just the breakthrough I have been looking for to put myself on solid ground with the
claim that fiction is related to reality in a mathematical way pertaining to the Laws of
Nature.

In my paper Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke Intertwined With An

Astronomer’s Research, I make the mathematical prediction that “humans have a 70%
chance of developing Hyperdrive in the year 2043” to word it as Paul Levinson worded
it, and I point out that this is only a year after the character Sierra Waters is handed a
newly discovered document that sets in motion the novel by Paul Levinson, “The Plot To
Save Socrates”.

I now find that Isaac Asimov puts such a development in his science fiction at a similar
time in the future, precisely in 2044, only a year after my prediction and two years after
Sierra Waters is handed the newly discovered document that initiates her adventure. So,
we have my prediction, which is related to the structure of the universe in a mystical way
right in between the dates of Levinson and Asimov, their dates only being a year less and
a year greater than mine.

Asimov places hyperdrive in the year 2044 in his short story “Evidence” which is part of
his science fiction collection of short stories called, “I, Robot”.

This is a collection of short stories where Robot Psychologist Dr. Susan Calvin is
interviewed by a writer about her experience with the company on earth in the future that
first developed sophisticated robots. In this book, the laws of robotics are created and the
idea of the positronic brain introduced, and the nature of the impact robots would have on
human civilization is explored. Following this collection of stories Asimov wrote three
more novels, which comprise the robot series, “The Caves of Steel”, “The Naked Sun”,
and “The Robots of Dawn”.

“I, Robot” is Earth in the future just before Humanity settles the more nearby stars. The
novels comprising “The Robot Series” are when humanity has colonized the nearby star
systems, The Foundation Trilogy, and its prequels and sequels are about the time
humanity has spread throughout the entire galaxy and made an Empire of it. All of these
books can be taken together as one story, with characters and events in some, occurring
in others.
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Hyperdrive is invented in I, Robot by a robot called The Brain, owned by the company
for which Dr. Susan Calvin works when it is fed the mathematical logistical problems of
making hyperdrive, and asked to solve them. It does solve them and it offers the specs on
building an interstellar ship, for which two engineers follow in its construction. They are
humorously sent across the galaxy by The Brain, not expecting it, and brought back to
earth in the ship after they constructed it. This was in the story in “I, Robot” titled
“Escape!”.

But Dr. Susan Calvin states in the following short story, that I mentioned, “Evidence”:

“But that wasn’t it, either”…”Oh, eventually, the ship and others like it became
government property; the Jump through hyperspace was perfected, and now we actually
have human colonies on the planets of some of the nearer stars, but that wasn’t it.”

“It was what happened to the people here on Earth in last fifty years that really counts.”

And, what happened to people on Earth? The answer is in the same story “Evidence”
from which that quote is at the beginning. It was when the Regions of the Earth formed
The Federation. Dr. Susan Calvin says at the end of the story “Evidence”:

“He was a very good mayor; five years later he did become Regional Co-ordinator. And
when the Regions of Earth formed their Federation in 2044, he became the first World
Co-ordinator.”

It is from that statement that I get my date of 2044 as the year Asimov projects for
hyperdrive.

Ian Beardsley
March 17, 2011
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia writes:

“Timewave zero" is a numerological formula that purports to calculate the ebb

and flow of "novelty", defined as increase in the universe's interconnectedness,
or organised complexity,[66] over time. According to Terence McKenna, who
conceived the idea over several years in the early- to mid-1970s while using
psilocybin mushrooms and DMT, the universe has a teleological attractor at the
end of time that increases interconnectedness, eventually reaching a singularity
of infinite complexity in 2012, at which point anything and everything imaginable
will occur simultaneously.”

There is a very attractive way to approaching the phenomenon that science fiction is
interconnected with cosmic events. Interconnectedness occurs, in my experience, both in
Italy and in Mexico.

When I was married to a woman from Italy, we used to watch an American soap opera
called “The Bold and the Beautiful” when we were living in California. When my wife
and I went to Italy, it turned out that the mother of my wife liked the soap opera too, and
that it aired in Italy.

When my wife and I arrived in Italy, the show not only aired in Italy, but the entire cast
for that show was in Italy, and it was being filmed there because it was part of the story in
the soap opera that the one of the characters in the story got a job as a fashion model in
Italy, which brought her and all of her friends to Italy.

But, it went further than that. When I was in Italy, my wife and I watched a movie that
just came out, I don’t remember the name, but it was about a writer who had writer’s
block, and his friend suggested that the two of them leave the city and go to a retreat out
in nature to get a fresh view of life. However, the writer in the movie was going crazy at
the retreat because there was no television, and he was having a hard time being away
from watching the soap opera, “The Bold And The Beautiful”. When new tourists arrived
at the retreat, he yelled out from his cabin to them, “What has become of so, and so, in
the Bold and The Beautiful?”

Here we see fiction becoming intertwined with the life of my wife and I. But, such things
first happened to me in Mexico.

I was going to school in Queretaro, Mexico about an hour north of Mexico City. When I
was down in the plaza in Queretaro having lunch, two girls from Germany who were
passing through the city, and in Mexico because there parents worked there, asked me
where they could find a place to stay. I told them they could stay at the house where I was
staying. They stayed a few days, and then returned to the city where they lived.

A few days later, some fellow students and my self went traveling in Mexico. We went to
the town famous for nightlife, San Miguel de Allende. We got in a cab and asked the
driver to take us to a youth hostel, and we drove around for hours only to find that every
 14

place was full. It was because there was a big celebration going on in the city. So, the cab
driver dropped us off at one of the plazas and there we were thinking what we were going
to do when I ran into the two German girls I had let stay at my place in Queretaro. I
explained to them that we were looking for a place to stay but everything was full.

They said they had a place to stay and that we could stay there. We were told to go to
their window at a particular Motel, they would throw us the keys to their room out the
window, and we were to walk through the main office of the Hotel, show them the keys
and act like we already rented a room there.

So, there is a certain kind of magic in Italy and Mexico that is very real, that verifies the
theory of interconnectedness in the theory of timewave zero. Such a theme is common to
South American Literature. Consider the novel “Aunt Julia and The Scriptwriter” by
Mario Vargas Llosa. It is about a scriptwriter who is writing a weekly soap opera for a
radio theater and it comes to the point she cannot distinguish her life from the soap she is
writing and does not know after awhile which is real, the radio drama or her life.

We have learned that the theory of timewave zero has an equation that shows how
everything in the Universe tends towards a higher degree of interconnectedness. I think it
is time I learn to use the equation and input the dates that crop up in my astronomical
research with those that crop up in the science fiction of Paul Levinson and Isaac
Asimov.

Ian Beardsley
March 17, 2011
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Another fine example of interconnectedness is put forth in the book “The Castle of
Crossed Destinies” by Italo Calvino, an Italian writer. In this story an old castle is an inn
for travelers. After food and drink at the same table in the castle, one night, all of the
travelers strangers to one another, begin a process where one person lays out a tarot card
and tells a story about it that relates to his travels before he arrived at the in. He lays out
cards forming lines that tell his story, then other travelers lay out cards telling there
stories, but find they can use cards that other travelers already used and it turns out they
have the same meaning sometimes. So, though these travelers never met, they
encountered in their travels the same people or events at times, they find. The finished
layout looks like a finished game of dominoes with points of intersection at many spots.
It turns out that everyone shared experiences in common but had never met one another,
hence the title of the book, The Castle of “Crossed Destinies.”

One could say Paul Levinson and Isaac Asimov could lay down the same card for the star
Alpha Centauri, because that star was involved in my calculation for hyperdrive that
intersected with The Plot To Save Socrates and I, Robot. A crossed destiny of a sort.

It might be a good idea to read The Invisible Landscape by Terence McKenna second
edition 1993.

McKenna’s timewave, which shows the ebb and flow of time, goes off the chart or to
infinity, in other words, in 2012. So it is impossible to see what happens beyond that date.
It would suggest that time ends in 2012, or a new reality begins then. McKenna suggests
that the timewave goes off the chart in 2012 because that is when we invent time travel,
in which case the timewave would no longer be linear.

Ian Beardsley
March 18, 2011

I watched a video on youtube about Terence McKenna where he lectured on his

timewave zero theory. I found there was not an equation for his timewave zero graph but
that a computer algorithm generated the graph of the wave. The next day I did a search on
the internet to see if a person could download timewave software for free. As it turned
out one could, for both Mac and pc. It is called “Timewave Calculator Version 1.0”. I
downloaded the software and found you had to download it every time after you quit the
application and that you could not save the graph of your results or print them out. So I
did a one-time calculation. It works like this: you input the range of time over which you
want see the timewave and you cannot calculate past 2012, because that is when the
timewave ends. You also put in a target date, the time when you want to get a rating for
the novelty of the event that occurred on that day. You can also click on any point in the
graph to get the novelty rating for that time. I put in:
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Input:

Begin Date: December 27 1968 18 hours 5 minutes 37 seconds

End Date: December 2 2011 0 hours 28 minutes 7 seconds

McKenna said in the video on youtube that the dips, or valleys, in the timewave graph
represent novelties. So, I clicked on the first valley after 1969 since that is the year we
went to the moon, and the program gave its novelty as:

Sheliak Timewave Value For Target:

0.0621

On Target Date: August 4, 1969 9 hours 53 minutes 38 seconds

I was happy to see this because, I determined that the growth rate constant, k, that rate at
which we progress towards hyperdrive, in my calculation in my work Asimovian
Prediction For Hyperdrive, that gave the date 2043, a year after Sierra Waters was handed
the newly discovered document that started her adventure in The Plot To Save Socrates,
by Paul Levinson, and a year before Isaac Asimov had placed the invention of hyperdrive
in his book I, Robot, was:

(k=0.0621)

The very same number!!!

What does that mean? I have no idea; I will find out after I buy The Invisible Landscape
by Terence McKenna, Second Edition, and buy a more sophisticated timewave software
than that which is offered for free on the net.

Ian Beardsley
March 19, 2011
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I can say this. There are two possibilities:

We are either validating the time wave theory of Terrence McKenna which
says either:

1) time ends in 2012 (wouldn't be fun)

2) a new reality begins in 2012
3) we invent time travel in 2012 so that is why the McKenna timewave does not work
past 2012.

Or we are constructing a new timewave based on the science fiction of Levinson, Asimov
and Clarke because their trajectory can be substantiated by a structure we are finding in
the universe, and the upside is it has no end, but rather suggests we will have hyperdrive
by 2042 to 2044 and with that it secures the future of humankind into eternity.

Ian Beardsley
March 19, 2011

The Same Number In Three Places

I have pointed out that 0.0621 = k the growth rate constant towards hyperdrive in my
paper, The Levinson,-Asmov-Clarke Phenomenon. I have pointed out that in McKenna
time wave theory 0.0621 is is the novelty rating for 1969, the year man landed on the
moon. Our counting system is base 10, it has been said probably because we have ten
fingers. If we multiply 0.0621 by 10, that is increase it by a factor of ten, we get 0.621. If
we round that to two places after the decimal, it is 0.62. Let us consider the golden ratio
conjugate. The golden ratio occurs throughout nature. It is in the rotation from leaf to leaf
around the stem of a plant, for example. The golden ratio conjugate is just the inverse of
the golden ratio. It is simply the separation between leaves around the stem of a plant,
going in the other direction. It is equal to 0.618 to three places after the decimal. Let us
round that to two places after the decimal. The eight rounds the one to two. The golden
ratio conjugate is then 0.62 rounded to two places after the decimal. That is the same
value as k increased by a factor of 10, and the same value as the novelty rating for 1969
increased by a factor of ten. I find that interesting.

Ian Beardsley
March 23, 2011

But let us ask again, which of the above two alternatives will be the case. I have found in
other research that I have done, an equation that shows earth positioned between success
and failure, an equation we can call “The Neptune Equation”. It indicates that the planet
Neptune may hold the key to whether the earth is successful, or fails. The equation and
how I arrived at it can be found in the following passage, from my book, Searching For A
Vision Of Humankind”:
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Chapter 49: The Road From Ebla

Leonard followed the story of the 33 Chilean miners who were trapped
2000 feet below the earth in a dark cavern for over two months after their
mine exit had collapsed. These miners remained courageous, brave, and
held onto their humanity throughout the whole ordeal. To Leonard, these
men showed what the human spirit was capable of.

The government of Chile responded to the emergency with great

organization and did a great job. The coping techniques and space food to
the miners was provided by the United States Space Agency, NASA. It was
a marvel of engineering, as well, the capsule made by a NASA engineer that
brought the miners to the surface. He admired NASA greatly, because of
this, because they represented such a positive force in the world, as was
demonstrated in the rescue of the miners. There were 33 miners trapped
down there, and 33 years of age was the age they say Jesus died and was
resurrected. NASA and the spirit and strength of the miners were like a
salvation.

Yet, the president of the United States had recently shut down NASA as the
agency that would send man into space, and had decided to contract the
building of spacecraft to private industry. Leonard thought this was a
mistake. NASA, and the ESA (European Space Agency) were the most
positive forces in his life.

Since Leonard had begun working on his project several years back, he
always felt the planet Neptune held the answer to the salvation of the Earth
because of its vivacious, lively, incandescent blue. During the ordeal of the
miners, he was thinking about the equation he had developed that he
thought was most important, and finally he saw how it showed he was
correct. That Neptune held the key to the survival of Humanity. Just as the
last (33rd) miner was being pulled out from the collapsed mine and to the
surface of the Earth, he had finished writing what he had discovered. He
wrote in his Journal as follows:
 19

We have an equation for a sequence that shows the Earth straddled

between Venus and Mars. Venus is a failed Earth. Mars promises to be New
Earth. The equation, that I presented in my work, “The Document”, is:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars
orbital #) = a_n

The Mars orbital number is 4. If we want to know what planet in the solar
system holds the key to the success of Earth, or to the success of humans,
we let n =3 since the Earth is the third planet out from the Sun, in the
equation and the result is a_n = 17.6. This means the planet that holds the
key is Neptune. It has a mass of 17.23 earth masses, a number very close to
our 17.6. The next step is to analyze Neptune, its composition and other
factors._He thought he must have been blind. Not only was Neptune the
indicated planet, he found it had nearly the same surface gravity of earth.
Though it was much more massive than earth, it was much larger and
therefore less dense. That was why it came out to have the same surface
gravity.

Neptune belongs to what one could categorize as a family of planets. The

categorization is done by noticing four planets including Neptune have a
similar inclination to their orbit. These Four planets are Neptune, Saturn,
Earth, and Mars. Earth is the planet where humans originated, Mars
promises to be New Earth. It is appropriate that Neptune is in this family
of planets because we must set sail upon the cosmic ocean for Mars from
Earth, to survive as a species, and Neptune is the Sea God in Roman
mythology, which corresponds to Poseidon in Greek mythology. Neptune
carried a trident. Kurt Beardsley has told the tale of the Tuareg people, a
tribe of the Algerian desert who bears the trident as their symbol from a
time before oceans receded there leaving behind desert. It is believed, as he
has said, there is an ancient lost library in the mountains they take to,
second only to that of Alexandria and holding ancient undiscovered
manuscripts.

Where does the Neptune equation come from? The following Sequences:
 20

Chapter 24: The Document

Salvoretti had done it. The structure of the solar system and dynamic
elements of the Universe and Nature in general were tied up in the two
sequences:

5, 14, 23, 32,…

and

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Could he find the connection between the two to localize the pivotal point
of the solar system? Yes he could, he took their difference, subtracting
respective terms in the second sequence from those in the first sequence to
obtain the new sequence:

3.2, 10.4, 17.6, 24.8,…

Which is an arithmetic sequence with common difference of 7.2 meaning it

is written

7.2n – 4 = a_n

The a_n is the nth term of the sequence, n is the number of the term in the
sequence.

This he noticed could be written:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars
orbital #) = a_n

Here is where some of the sequences come from:

The Search For The Tarot: Chapter 16

Salvoretti began writing in his journal:

 21

We originally thought that 1.8 (9/5) occurred in the solar system and
nature, alone. It is the ratio of Saturn orbit to Jupiter orbit in their closest
approaches to the sun. It is the ratio of the solar radius to the lunar orbit. It
is ratio of the molar mass of gold to that of silver. Then I discovered that
approximately twice that value (3.7) was recurrent throughout the solar
system and nature. Twice 1.8 is 3.6. I found it occurred in Jupiter, Saturn,
Earth, Mercury, and Venus to name a few as 3.7. Now I have found it in
Neptune and Uranus, precisely:

(neptune orbit)/(uranus
orbit)=(30.0578)/(19.1819)=0.37957~0.38~0.37~0.36

0.37(earth mass)/(mars mass)=0.37(10)=3.7

It occurs here to me we are not just dealing with 1.8 and 3.7, but any whole
number multiple of 1.8. We are dealing with: a_n=1.8n

Let us try three times 1.8. It is 5.4. Immediately we see it in the most
obvious, Jupiter. It is the largest and most massive planet in the solar
system. Its furthest distance from the sun in its orbit is 5.455 AU ~ 5.4.

We see it in the following

(saturn mass)/(neptune mass)=(95.147)/(17.23)=5.522~5.4

I have already noted that Saturn and Neptune have similar inclinations to
their orbit that are only common to Earth and Mars.

Thus we are dealing here with the sequence:

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Furthermore;

[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)][(earth mass)/(mars mass)] = 7.2

 22

Some of the most interesting occurrences of 3.7 in nature are:

[(volume of saturn)/(volume of Jupiter)](volume of mars)

=(mercury radius)(earth radius)^2

=[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)(earth radius)]^3

=[(mercury orbit)/(earth orbit)](earth radius)^3

=0.37 cubic earth radii

0.37 can be converted to 3.7 by multiplying it by the ratio of earth mass to mars mass
because it is close to ten.

(earth radius)/(moon radius)=

4(degrees in a circle)(moon distance)/(sun distance)

= 3.7

There are about as many days in a year as degrees in a circle

Indeed in the same book I have given good indication that Mars should represent the
success of the humankind. It can be found in the following passage:
 23

The Coupling of Mars and Earth

Salvoretti and Tara are discussing things as they drive back to Turin.

Salvoretti: “Tara, I can’t get over what you said earlier that two of the
Pythagorean Solids have volumes, one of nine tetrahedra and the other of
five tetrahedra. There are only five Pythagorean solids and two of them
have volumes the same numbers as the distance to Jupiter and Saturn in
their closest approaches to the sun if the earth is at one unit from the sun!
This means the tetrahedron represents the earth because it has a volume of
one. This is interesting because the solar radius to the earth-moon distance
is 9 to 5, and 9 to 5 is the molar mass of gold to the molar mass of silver.”

“Why is this so incredible? It is incredible because the tetrahedron also has

four faces and Mars is the fourth planet. It is appropriate that the
tetrahedron couples earth and mars, further, in that it is four faced (mars is
the fourth planet from the sun), and each face has three vertices (earth is
the third planet from the sun). You may not think that is incredible but
consider categorizing the planets with the smallest abundant number,
twelve. Smallest abundant number means it is the most divisible for its
size. Twelve is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 a whole number of times. The
sum of these numbers is 16, which is greater than 12. Mars is the fourth
planet out from the sun. Twelve divided by four is three, and the earth is
the third planet out from the sun. Thus once again the earth and Mars are
coupled.”

“I can couple them again. Elements are atoms, and the numbers of
particles that constitute them determine the element, and its relative mass,
or “molar mass” as it is called. The atmosphere of Mars is mostly CO2,
about 95 percent. The earth atmosphere is more than 90 percent oxygen
and nitrogen. I calculate CO2 to have a molar mass of 44.01 and earth air
to have a molar mass of 28.5756. The Mars orbital distance compared to
the earth orbital distance is about 1.5. The molar mass of CO2 compared to
the molar mass of air is about 1.5. That is the mars-sun distance is to the
earth-sun distance as Martian air is to earth air.”
 24

“It goes further than that. If the earth surface gravity is 1, that of Mars is
0.380. That is a ratio of 2.63. The molar mass of oxygen gas (O2) what we
breath, is 32.00. The molar mass of carbon, the basis of life as we know it,
is 12.01. That is a ratio of 2.66. That says it takes about the same energy to
lift a mole of carbon on earth, as it does to lift a mole of oxygen (O2) on
mars the same distance.”

“Earth and Mars are yet further coupled:”

“The earth atmosphere was once mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) like the
mars atmosphere is today, until plant life came along and started
converting the carbon dioxide into oxygen, using light from the sun and in
the process making the most fundamental sugar, glucose (which is at the
bottom of the food chain). A process called photosynthesis.”

“Glucose is C6H12O6. I calculate glucose has a molar mass of 180.16 and

water, which covers most of the surface of the earth, chemical formula
H2O, I calculate has a molar mass of 18.016.”

“180.16 divided by 18.016 is about 10 and the earth is about 10 times as

massive as mars. That is, glucose is to water as the earth mass is to the
mass of mars.”

“You are probably wondering why I am so amazed that Mars and earth are
so coupled empirically. Well the planet Mercury is too hot to support
human life because it is so close to the sun, Venus has the same problem.
But the earth is the next planet out and the right distance from the sun to
be not too warm to support life._The next planet after the earth is Mars,
and it may be cold, but not too cold to colonize, or even one day terraform
(make habitable for humans). The next planet after Mars is Jupiter, not
just too cold, but mostly gas, so there is nothing solid to stand on. The next
planet, Saturn, even colder and mostly gaseous as well. The trend
continues on to Neptune and Uranus. Pluto is just this cold little dwarf
planet, whose thin atmosphere collapses when it is further from the sun.”

“You see then why I am so amazed Mars and earth are coupled by these
 25

numbers, they actually have one thing in common, solid planets, not
climatically too hot for humans, or too cold.”

“These numbers that couple Mars with earth, seem to say the planet is
there as a stepping stone to the stars, that it is time to wade out into the
cosmic ocean, to use the metaphor of Carl Sagan, or sink. That is, for some
reason we have what we need, but a challenge has been put to us. We have
to overcome our problems, like spending money and resources on war
instead of space exploration. Space exploration can solve the economic
crisis. Colonizing Mars would generate a massive industry that would
create work here on earth in every sector, for everyone, and, it would all be
paid for by the resources that are out there in the solar system. As Cabal
says to Passworthy in Things to come by H.G. Wells:”

““And if we’re no more than animals, we must snatch each little scrap of
happiness, and live, and suffer, and pass, mattering no more than all the
other animals do or have done. It is this, or that. All the universe or
nothing. Which shall it be Passworthy? Which shall it be?””

“I believe we are at that time in history, and the NanoFET marks it. Brian
Gilchrist is working on the NanoFET idea. Field Effect Transistors are used
to charge light nanoparticles, so they can be ejected out the back end of a
ship with a series of magnetic fields made by stacks of microchip
components, much the same way charged particles are accelerated by
electromagnets in a particle accelerator. The nanoFET ship can reach 90%
the speed of light, theoretically, if built light and outside the earth’s gravity.
Of course the ship is a starship that would take more than four years to
reach the nearest star, but used to go to mars might only take a couple
hours or so.”
 26

Chapter 26: Another Look Into Salvoretti’s Journal

Entry: Topic: Molar Masses

Earth air is about 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. We can treat both as diatomic
molecules. The molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) is 2(14.01) and the molar mass of
oxygen gas (O2) is 2(16.00). So

Earth Air = 2[(16.00)(0.21) + (14.01)(0.78)] = 28.5756

The martian atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide (CO2). This gives:

CO2 = (12.01) + 2(16.00) = 44.01

The average orbital distance of mars from the sun compared to the average orbital
distance of the earth from the sun is 1.5 and 44.01 divided by 28.5756 is 1.5, or 3/2 in
other words. Is what this says is that, the mars-sun distance is to the earth-sun distance as
martian air is to earth air.

The earth atmosphere was once mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) like the mars atmosphere is
today, until plant life came along and started converting the carbon dioxide into oxygen,
using light from the sun and in the process making the most fundamental sugar, glucose
(which is at the bottom of the food chain). A process called photosynthesis.

Well glucose is C6H12O6, which gives a molar mass of:

C6H12O6 = 6(12.01) + 12(1.008) + 6(16.00) = 180.16

And water (H2O) covers most of earth and is essential to life, its molar mass is:

H2O = 2(1.008) + (16.00) = 18.016

180.16 divided by 18.016 is about 10 and the earth is about 10 times as massive as mars.
That is, glucose is to water as the earth is to mars.
 27

I have found more reason that the planet Mars represents the success of
humankind in this passage:

Gentelmen, further, Mars is New Earth. I have done this:

We know that 9/5 occurs in many mysterious ways in nature, including Saturn’s distance
from the sun of 9 (closest approach) putting Jupiter’s at five (closest approach), and the
earth at one. Let us consider a balance. If two weights of equal mass are placed on
opposite ends of a balance, then to be balanced the fulcrum must be placed at the center.
But if one mass is increased, then the fulcrum will have to be moved closer to the heavier
end if the balance is not to tip. This is the Law of Levers. It states that the masses are
inversely proportion to their distances from the fulcrum. To write it mathematically,

M1/M2=L2/L1

Or, equivalently

(M1)(L1)=(M2)(L2)

If we consider the time when Saturn and Jupiter, the two most massive bodies in the solar
system are in opposition, that is when they are on opposite sides of the sun and facing one
another, then by the above information they are separated by 14 units. Jupiter is 3.34
times as massive as Saturn. By our law of levers above, that means

L1/L2=3.34

L1+L2=14

Thus

4.34L2=14 and

L2=3.2258

14-3.22=10.77=L1

Mars orbital distance is 1.5

The saturn-fulcrum distance minus the mars orbital distance is: 10.77-1.5=9.2~9 is
saturn’s closest approach to the sun.

Mars, then, is the cosmic fulcrum. It is the one planet worth terraforming for
colonization. It is then aligned metaphysically with its physical characteristics.

I also believe the following passage from “Searching For A Vision Of Humankind” may
have much to do with all of this, as it involves Venus, Mars, and Earth.
 28

Chapter 61: Study Takes Form

Leonard made the connection between two studies of his to make a third subject that
brought a lot together. He was definitely onto something.

Study 1

An interesting family of substances is methane (CH_4), ammonia (NH_3) and

water vapor (H_2O). Methane is tetrahedral in structure, a carbon atom
surrounded by 4 hydrogens. Ammonia is trigonal pyramidal, a nitrogen atom
surrounded by 3 hydrogen atoms, and water vapor is triangular, or bent, an
oxygen atom surrounded by two hydrogens. These represent stable structural
systems as they are all systems of triangles, which are the only stable polygons.
These substances combined under energy with hydrogen gas form amino acids,
the building blocks of life. The core atoms of these molecules, carbon, nitrogen,
and oxygen, are all in period two of the periodic table and follow directly one after
the other, and are all in amino acids, the hydrogen as well. It is a hypothesis of
astrobiology that amino acids formed in the protoplanetary cloud before the earth
ever formed. In this sense we may have our origins in deep space. Is what I
mean by structural systems is that there are only three structural systems, the
tetrahedron, the octahedron, and the icosohedron. They are the only stable
solids, that is non-collapsing flex corners whose faces are triangles. Most
compounds are something other than these, like pentagons with linear off shoots
for example, that comprise the wrong number of atoms to make a "solid" unit,
and I mean solid as in the pythagorean solids, the geometric term. Both methane
and ammonia make different variations on the tetrahedron, a pythagorean solid.
When plants perform photosynthesis, they combine carbon dioxide with water
and release oxygen. The reaction is:
CO_2+2H_2O--CH_2O+O_2+H_2O
As can be seen a sugar is made. Important to most plants to do this is
Nitrogen. Nitrogen (N_2) is the most abundant gas in the earth atmosphere,
comprising about 78.03% of it. We now calculate the molecular masses of these
special gases:

CH_4=(12.01+4(1.01))=16.05
NH_3=(14.01+3(1.01))=17.04
CO_2=(12.01+2(16.00))=44.01
H_2O=(2(1.01)+16.00)=18.02
N_2=(14.01+14.01)=28.02
O_2=(16.00+16.00)=32.00

We now form some ratios between these molecular masses:

 29

(O_2)/(CH_4)=32.00/16.05=1.992~2
(NH_3)/(CH_4)=17.04/16.06=1.061~1
(CO_2)/(O_2)=44.01/32.00~1.4=sqrt(2)
(CO_2)/(N_2)=44.01/28.02~1.6=(sqrt(5)+1)/2=phi
(O_2)/(H_2O)=32.00/18.02=1.776~sqrt(3)

Notice that these values are given by the sequence:

|2cos(pi/n)| n=(1,2,3,4,5,6)(pi/n)radians
Observe:
2=|2cos(pi)|
0=|2cos(pi/2)|
1=|2cos(pi/3)|
sqrt(2)=|2cos(pi/4)|
(sqrt(5)+1)/2=phi=|2cos(pi/5)|
sqrt(3)=|2cos(pi/6)|

Geometrically sqrt(2) is the ratio of the side of a square to its radius. Phi is the
ratio of the chord of a regular pentagon to its side. Sqrt(3) is the ratio of the side
of an equilateral triangle to its radius, and 1 is the ratio of the side of a regular
hexagon to its radius. The square, the regular hexagon and the equilateral
triangle are the tessellating regular polygons.

4
n
actual
3
fit
2

0
4

2
4

2O
H

O
CH

N
C

2/
2/

H
3/
2/

2/
CO
CO
H
O

O
N
 30

Study 2

Jupiter: failed star: vector associated with it

x-5 = 0 (fifth planet)
(x^2) – x - 1 = 0 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)
These two equations yield:
(x^2) – 2x + 4 = 0
This gives x = (1+3i) and (1-3i) where (i) is the square root of negative one.
In the complex plane these are the vectors <1, 3> and <1, -3>
Again we see Jupiter pointing to the earth (3 in the (i) axis, earth the third planet)

Venus: failed earth: vector associated with it

x-2=0 (second planet)
(x^2) – x – 1 = 0 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)
These two equations yield:
(x^2) – 2x + 1 = 0
(x – 1)(x – 1) = 0
This gives x = 1
In the complex plane this is the vector <1, 0>.
Note: Venus is represented by the regular hexagon because its side divided by its radius
is one.

Mars: promises to be new earth: vector associated with it

x-4=0 (fourth planet)
(x^2) – x – 1 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)
These two equations yield:
(x^2) –2x + 3 = 0
This gives x = 1 + sqrt(2)i and x = 1 – sqrt(2)i
In the complex plane these are the vectors <1, sqrt(2)> and <1, -sqrt(2)>
Note: Mars is represented by the square because its side divided by its radius is the square
root of two.

Earth: successful life bearing world: vector associated with it

x-3=0 (third planet)
(x^2) – x – 1 = 0 (x in this equation is the golden ratio)
These two equations yield:
(x^2) – 2x +2 = 0
This gives x = (1 + i) and x = (1 – i) where (i) is the square root of negative one.
In the complex plane these are the vectors <1, 1> and <1, -1>
Note: The vectors <1, 1> and <1, -1> have the angle of 45 degrees and negative 45
degrees associated with them. Such angles are the angles made between the sides of a
square and its diagonal. The components of such vectors are sides of a unit square. It is
appropriate, somehow, that earth is represented by the unit vectors because it is a
successful life bearing planet, perhaps the only one, or the most so by far, in the solar
system. Here we see mars and earth are again coupled as they have their representation
in the same form, the square, in different ways.
 31

We combine Study 1 with Study 2 and find Venus, Earth, and Mars have associated with
them ratios of compounds such that the following table results.

Venus: failed Earth: Vector magnitude 1

Associated Compounds: (NH_3)/(CH_4)

Are prominent compounds in the early earth atmosphere.

Earth: Successful life bearing world: Vector magnitude sqrt(2)

Associated Compounds: (CO_2)/(O_2)

CO_2 prominent in early earth atmosphere

O_2 prominent in contemporary earth atmosphere

Mars: Promises to be New Earth: Vector magnitude sqrt(3)

Associated Compounds: (O_2)/(H_2O)

These compounds pivotal to life on Earth.

All of these compounds combined with hydrogen gas under energy form amino acids, the
building blocks of life.
 32

It is worth noting:

Chapter 31: The Document

A look inside the journal of Leonard

August 9, 2010 Entry: Topic: Pivotal Point Of The Solar System

(M_j)(L_j)=(M_s)(L_s)

Saturn orbit = 9
Jupiter orbit = 5

9-5=4

L_j + L_s = 4

318L_j = 95L_s

95/318 = (L_j)/(L_s)

L_s = (4-L_J)

95/318 = (L_j)/(4-L_j)

(95)(4-L_j) = (318)(L_j)

380 – 95L_j = 318L_j

380 = 413L_j

L_j = (380)/(413) = 0.92

5 = 0.92 = 5.92 ~ 6

Thereby The Cosmic Fulcrum between Jupiter and Saturn in another arrangement is six
astronomical units from the sun, or about one astronomical unit from Jupiter. The Earth is
about one astronomical unit from the sun.
 33

Summary

We have Earth straddled between Venus and Mars, between a failed Earth and a planet
that promises to be New Earth in relationship pointing to Neptune where the success of
Earth is concerned, Neptune being the eighth, or last planet in the Solar System.

We have Mars as the cosmic fulcrum for Jupiter and Saturn in one arrangement and Earth
orbit around Jupiter a cosmic fulcrum with Jupiter and Saturn in the other arrangement.
We can say the Earth orbits Jupiter as a ghost, and the sun for real.

We have compounds associated above with Mars that are essential to life as we know it,
O2 and H2O.

We have compounds associated with Venus above that were prominent in the primordial
earth atmosphere, NH3 and CH4.

We have compounds associated with earth that are the CO2 that was converted into O2
by plants making possible the oxygen breathing organisms, and the O2.

The Mathematical relationships above outline a story, a story I have told in “The Exciting
Neptune Saga”, that has yet to realize on our part.
 34

The Levinson, Asimov, Clarke Triptic

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2010-2011
 35

Preface

Back in 2009 When I wrote my paper: Forecast For Hyperdrive: A Study in Asimovian
Psychohistory, where I tried to predict when humans would develop hyperdrive
mathematically, the time I came up with was the time in the future when the main
character, Sierra Waters, was handed a newly discovered document at the beginning of
the book by Paul Levinson, The Plot To Save Socrates, that got the whole story rolling.

I sent the results to Paul Levinson, and he liked them and he encouraged me to think
about what this implied and to perhaps explore it on the Sierra Waters Time Traveler
group on facebook. Indeed, Sierra Waters wrote me at myspace and told me she thought I
was on to something.

Actually, this was not the first, and was not to be the last, time that my scientific
investigations turned up physical quantities and times that were related to the science
fiction I was reading.

Now it is 2011, and all of that has finally come together in three essays that allow me for
the first time to begin to explore the meaning, and usefulness, of this phenomenon. That
is the content of this work in three sections, and I have no way of knowing when further
progress will be made, but I am sure it will be.

Ian Beardsley
March 09, 2011
 36

Introduction

When my scientific research started turning up values that were pivotal to the science
fiction of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke, while I was reading them,
I wrote a paper showing how.

Now I am beginning to ask why by being analytical about this autobiographically and by
presenting the related structure between the three writers in essay form. I am only
beginning to touch on unraveling this mystery. I here present my work to date in three
sections:

1. The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation

2. Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke Intertwined With An
Astronomer’s Research
3. Three Categories In Levinson, Asimov, And Clarke
 37

The Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation

 38

I have reason to believe a triplet should be formed between the science fiction of Paul
Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke. We form a time line in chronological
order from the key events and make an equation that represents its trajectory.

But first, the reason why we do this.

I read The Foundation Trilogy of Isaac Asimov when I was in High School, living on a
farm in a remote valley in Oregon called Elkhead, surrounded by some 400 square miles
of rain forest, about 10 miles from the small town of Yoncalla, where I went to High
School. It was somewhere between 1980 and 1984. I read, then, 2001: A Space Odyssey
by Arthur C. Clarke and its sequel, 2010: Odyssey Two right when it came out.

Somewhere around late 1984 I moved north to the city of Eugene, Oregon to study
Physics and Spanish at The University of Oregon during which time I worked in
experimental astronomy at the state observatory, on Pine Mountain, in the high desert
east of Bend, Oregon some few hours from campus on the other side of the Cascade
Mountain Range. I was paid from a grant from National Geographic as a data taker
measuring the polarized light from the extraordinary eclipsing binary star system Epsilon
Aurigae, which eclipses every 27 years for two years due to a large protoplanetary gas
disc orbiting the primary star. It went into eclipse again in 2009 and is coming out of
eclipse as I am writing now. It will be coming out of eclipse completely somewhere
shortly before my birthday in may.

The House In Elkhead

 39

The Author Descending Pine Mountain

The Author Behind The 24 Inch Telescope At Pine Mountain

 40

Pine Mountain Observatory

The 32” Telescope At Pine Mountain

 41

After four years of working at the observatory, I went to Granada, Spain with some
college friends for nine months during which time we lived in the Gypsy Quarters,
Sacromonte. A friend since childhood agreed to meet me in Granada at Plaza Nueva. She
was on her way to France to meet up with her boyfriend who was working there from
The United States to work on a big artificial intelligence (AI) research project. I
introduced her to a friend, one of the great Gypsy guitarists in Spain, and he took her hair
in his hands, felt its texture, then told her how immensely beautiful it was, no doubt in an
effort to form a relationship between Spain and France in the area of AI research.

I left Spain for California, stayed awhile, and then left for Spain again, this time going to
the capital, Madrid, in Northern Spain. When I came back to California, I met a woman
from Turin, Italy. We got married. She got a job at The Italian Embassy in Washington
D.C. and we moved there. It was then that I working on a math project and was
encouraged to read the sequels to the Arthur C. Clarke Space Odyssey Series, (for the
purpose of scientific responsibility, as the works are a model for how science is done in
today’s world, as I came to understand).

So, I resumed my endeavor since High School and read 2061: Odyssey Three and 3001:
The Final Odyssey. When we were in Washington we went to Italy, during which time I
read The Asimov Foundation Trilogy again.

In Washington, I also read prequels to the Asimov Foundation Trilogy.

Eventually my wife and I became separated and I went to California wherein I began
theoretical astronomical research and began reading the sequels to The Foundation
Trilogy by Asimov, and his Robot Series.

As Clarke and Asimov had been my major science fiction reading since High School,
college, and marriage, and I had read all of their work, I began to search for someone
new, and that is when I found Paul Levinson, and his book The Plot To Save Socrates. It
did not disappoint, and filled the gap perfectly.

Now while I was reading these authors and doing scientific research, my research was
turning up times and numbers which were pivotal to their work, and that is the reason I
am making this Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation which will become part of a broader
work, some of which will be presented in this book. Now, onto forming The Levinson-
Asimov-Clarke Equation.
 42

From Foundation And Earth By Isaac Asimov:

Pelorat: “There are references to a robot named Daneel.”

Daneel: “I am that robot, It is not a legend”

“Oh no,” said Pelorat. “If you are that robot, you would have to be thousands of years
old.”

“Twenty Thousand” said Daneel quietly.

Daneel was constructed on Earth in Asimov’s Robot Series, first appearing in his book
titled “The Caves of Steel.” That book takes place according to the back of the cover “A
millennium into the future” in New York City. The first copyright of that book, looking
at the inside cover is 1953. 1953 +1000 = 2953. This is the year detective Elijah Bailey
leaves Earth for the first settled star systems colonized by people from Earth who are
called Spacers, with his robot partner Daneel Olivaw.

Elijah Bailey’s trip to the outer worlds brings about a second wave of colonization of the
Galaxy by a people called the Settlers. Eventually this name is lost to them as they fully
inhabit the Galaxy and form the seat of the Galactic Empire on a planet at the center of
the Galaxy called Trantor.

We write:

2953 Elijah Bailey begins the full colonization of the Galaxy.

Daneel Olivaw gets the okay from Golan Trevize to form Galaxia, a viable society for the
Galaxy, 20,000 years after that date:

2953 + 20,000 = 22,953

It was actually the robot Daneel who maneuvered Elijah Bailey into triggering events that
would lead to the full colonization of the Galaxy by the people of Earth.

We will now list two times in Galactic history:

2953: Elijah Bailey brings about the Settlers movement

22,953: Daneel Olivaw forms Galaxia

Now let us turn our attention to Arthur C. Clarke:

 43

2001: A Space Odyssey

2001: Dave Bowman Becomes “The Starchild”

2010: Odyssey Two

2010: Jupiter becomes the star Lucipher to its moon Europa, which is now a planet that
harbors life.

2061: Dr. Haywood Floyd finds man is to take part in the evolution of the Galaxy.

3001: Arthur C. Clarke: The Final Odyssey: All is understood.

Now we turn our attention to Paul Levinson.

2042: The Plot To Save Socrates by Paul Levinson: Sierra Waters is handed the newly
discovered document that puts in motion one of the greatest stories ever told.

We now put these times in chronological order:

2001 (Clarke)
2010 (Clarke)
2042 (Levinson)
2061 (Clarke)
2953 (Asimov)
3001 (Clarke)
22,953 (Asimov)
 44

Let us look at how events in the sci-fi triplet develop. The second graph is a
magnification of the first showing the development as a sine wave.

25000

20000

15000
Series1

10000

5000

0
n

a
ld

nd
rs
t
r

rip
he

xi
io
i

le
ch

ta

la
ut
p

tt

rs
us
ci
ar

ga
ol

se
lu

de
st

an

ev

un
m

2070

2060

2050

2040

2030

2020
Series1
2010

2000

1990

1980

1970
starchild lucipher manuscript evolution
 45

Here is the table of values plotted:

starchild 2001
lucipher 2010
manuscript 2042
evolution 2061
settlers 2953
understand 3001
galaxia 22953

History is not a precise thing in its trajectory through time. We fit the graph to an
idealized sine wave. Since there are four points from starchild to evolution, we are
dealing with events that are separated by angles of 30 degrees each. We have:

Starchild = 0 degrees
Lucipher = 30 degrees
Manuscript = 60 degrees
Evolution = 90 degrees

We have the amplitude is 2061 – 2001 = 60

Therefore, the Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Equation is:

Event = [60 Sin (angle)] + 2001

for the first half of the graph. We have added 2001 to the equation because our zero point
begins at starchild in the year 2001.

Let us better construct the second half of the graph.

The Galactic Era began its transition from galactic empire to foundation after 12, 069
years into The Galactic Era, the year Hari Seldon died.

In Foundation’s Edge we learn about 500 years into the Foundation Era is when Golan
Trevize begins his journey leading to the transition from Foundation to Galaxia.
12,069+500=12,569.

Daneel the robot was on Earth 20,000 years before forming galaxia, back when he
brought about the settlement of the galaxy. 20,000-12,569=7,431. These are the years
from Settlers leaving Earth to their formation of The Galactic Empire (on Trantor).
 46

Settlers were the time of Elijah Bailey in 2953. 2953+7431=10,384 for the time trantor
becomes the seat of the galactic empire. 10,384+12,069=22,453 is the beginning of the
foundation and 500 years after this is Galaxia. We make the following table:

Setttlers: 2953 (Asimov)

Understand: 3001 (Clarke)
Trantor: 10,384 (Asimov)
Foundation: 22,453 (Asimov)
Galaxia: 22,953 (Asimov)

Here is the plot of the second half of our graph:

25000

20000

15000

Series1

10000

5000

0
Settlers Understand Trantor Foundation Galaxia

This graph shows again eras as being a half sine wave composed of epics that cycle from
0 degrees to 90 degrees. In this case, the amplitude of the wave is 22,953-2953=20,000
years. There are five points in this case, so the angles are 90/4=22.5 degrees separation
and the second half of the Levinson-Asimov-Clarke equation is:

Epic = [20,000 Sin (angle)] + 2953

Settlers = 0 degrees
Understand = 22.5 degrees
Trantor = 45 degrees
Foundation = 67.5 degrees
Galaxia = 90 degreees
 47

Whether or not the determination of 2953 is accurate for the time of the Settlers does not
matter because the separation between points is accurate. We can consider the first points
in the graphs to be zero points of an era and drop the last terms of both of the Levinson-
Asimov-Clarke equations and write them:

Epic = [60 Sin (angle)] angle = 0, 30, 60, 90

Epic = [20,000 Sin (angle)] angle = 0,22.5,45, 67.5, 90

Study Conclusion: Futuristic events of the work of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and
Arthur C. Clarke form a comprehensive whole when taken together that move through
time like a wave that can be treated quantitatively. These futuristic fictional histories
mirror present day actual events of the human story, so through their works we
understand how human world events are caused, and it becomes possible to see where
they can go and what should be done for the best outcome. This approach may serve as a
primitive model for the basis of an actual Asimovian Psychohistory, which is prediction
of the future and knowing how to bring about a beneficial outcome for humanity.

After some research on the internet, I find that some of the projections for the dates of
Asimovian events in these tables and graphs can be plus or minus 300 years, but that I am
more or less in the right area. The dates for Levinson and Clarke events are 100 percent
accurate. As far as Asimov goes, 300 years is nothing considering the immense time span
over which his novels occur (20,000 years) that gives an accuracy for my tables and
graphs of (300/20,000)(100) = plus or minus 1.5%. That is an accuracy of 100-
1.5=98.5%.

Any time wave that we construct for the future of humanity can only be approximate, and
since the observer can not be separated from the observed, as is put forward in quantum
mechanics, I will stick with the tables and charts as I constructed them, because my line
of reasoning came from a way of thought that I developed while reading Asimov in Italy,
and Italy to me is a land of revelations and hidden secrets.
 48

Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C.

Clarke Intertwined With An Astronomer’s
Research.
By

Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2010-2011 by Ian Beardsley

Cover Art By Ian Beardsley

 49

There is a common thread running through the Science Fiction works of Paul Levinson,
Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke.

In the case of Isaac Asimov, we are far in the future of humanity. In his Robot Series,
Asimov has man making robots whose programming only allows them to do that which is
good for humanity. As a result, these robots, artificial intelligence (AI), take actions that
propel humanity into settling the Galaxy, in the robot series, and ultimately save
humanity after they have settled the Galaxy and made an empire of it (In the Foundation
Series).

In the case of Paul Levinson, scholars in the future travel through time and use cloning, a
concept related to artificial intelligence (it is the creating of human replicas as well, but
biological, not electronic), and the goal is to save great ancient thinkers from Greece, and
to manipulate events in the past for a positive outcome for the future of humanity, just as
the robots try to do in the work of Asimov.

In the case of Arthur C. Clarke, man undergoes a transformation due to a monolith placed
on the moon and earth by extraterrestrials who have created life on earth. The monolith is
a computer. It takes humans on a voyage to other planets in the solar system, and in their
trials, humanity goes through trials that result in a transformation for the ending of their
dependence on their technology and for becoming adapted to life in the Universe beyond
Earth. That is, the character Dave Bowman becomes the Starchild in his mission to
Jupiter. The artificial intelligence is the ship computer called HAL.

So, the thread is the salvation of man through technology, and their transformation to a
new human paradigm, where they can end their dependence on Earth and adapt to the
nature of the Universe as a whole.

At the time I was reading these novels, I was doing astronomical research, and, to my
utter astonishment, my relationships I was discovering pertaining to the Universe were
turning up times and values pivotal to these works of Levinson, Asimov, and Clarke.
Further, I was interpreting much of my discoveries by developing them in the context of
short fictional stories.

In my story, “The Question”, we find Artificial Intelligence is in sync with the phases of
the first appearance of the brightest star Sirius for the year, and the flooding of the Nile
river, which brings in the Egyptian agricultural season. It is presumed by some scholars
that because the Egyptian calendar is in sync with the Nile-Sirius cycle, theirs began four
such cycles ago.

I then relate that synchronization to another calculation that turns up the time when the
key figure of the Foundation Series of Asimov begins his program to found a civilization
that will save the galaxy. We later find his actions were manipulated into being by robots,
in order to save intelligent life in the galaxy by creating a viable society for it called
Galaxia.
 50

In the case of Paul Levinson, I was making a calculation to predict when man would
develop hyperdrive, that engine which could take us to the stars, and end our dependence
on an Earth that cannot take care of humans forever. That time turned out to be when the
key scholar in the work by Paul Levinson, began her quest to help humanity by traveling
into the past and using cloning, in part, to change history for the better. I can now only
feel her quest to save humanity is going to be through changing history to bring about the
development of hyperdrive, so humanity will no longer depend on Earth alone, which, as
I have said, cannot take care of life forever.

Finally, where Arthur C. Clarke is concerned, I find values in the solar system and nature
that are in his monolith, and I connect it to artificial intelligence of a sort, that kind which
would be based on silicon.

I will present, now, my work that pertains to these writers in the following order:

1) The Question
2) Addendum to The Question
3) Asimovian Prediction For Hyperdrive
4) Arthur C. Clarke and Cosmic Archaeology
 51

The Question
 52

A Scientist had built a robot in the image of humans and

downloaded to it all of human knowledge, then put forward the
question to our robot, what is the best we, humanity, can do to
survive with an earth of limited resources and a situation where
other worlds like earth, if they exist, would take generations to
reach.

The robot began his answer, “I contend that the series of events
that unfolded on earth over the years since the heliacal rising of
Sirius four Sothic cycles ago in Egypt of 4242 B.C., the presumed
beginning of the Egyptian calendar, were all meant to be, as the
conception of the possibility of my existence is in phase with those
cycles and is connected to such constants of nature as the speed of
light and dynamic ratios like the golden ratio conjugate.”

The scientist asked, “Are you saying humans, all humans since
some six thousand years ago have been a tool of some higher force
to bring you about, our actions bound to the turning of planets
upon their axis, and the structure of nature?”

The robot said, “Yes, let me digress. It goes back further than that.
Not just to 4242 B.C. when the heliacal rising of Sirius, the
brightest star in the sky, coincided with the agriculturally
beneficial inundation of the Nile river which happens every 1,460
Julian years, in the Sothic Cycle.”

“My origins go back to the formation of stars and the laws that
govern them.”

“As you know, the elements were made by stars, heavier elements
forged in their interior from lighter elements. Helium gave rise to
oxygen and nitrogen, and so forth. Eventually the stars made
silicon, phosphorus, and boron, which allow for integrated
circuitry, the basis of which makes me function.”
 53

“Positive type silicon is made by doping silicon, the main element

of sand, with the element boron. Negative type silicon is made by
doping silicon with phosphorus. We join the two types in different
ways to make diodes and transistors that we form on silicon chips
to make the small circuitry that makes me function.”

“Just as the golden ratio is in the rotation of leaves about the stem
of a plant, or in the height of a human compared to the distance
from the soles of their feet to their navel, an expression of it is in
my circuitry.”

“We take the geometric mean of the molar mass of boron and
phosphorus, and we divide that result by the molar mass of
silicon.”

He began writing on paper:

√(Ρ∗Β)/Si = √(30.97∗10.81)/28.09 = 0.65

“We take the harmonic mean between the molar masses of boron
and phosphorus and divide that by the molar mass of silicon.”

2(30.97)(10.81)/(30.97+10.81) = 16.026

16.026/Si = 16.026/28.09 = 0.57

“And we take the arithmetic mean between these two results.”

(0.65 + 0.57)/2 =0.61

“0.61 are the first two digits in the golden ratio conjugate.”

The scientist said, “I understand your point, but you referred to the
heliacal rising of Sirius.”
 54

The robot answered: “Yes, back to that. The earth orbit is nearly a
perfect circle, so we can use c=2πr to calculate the distance the
earth goes around the sun in a year. The earth orbital radius is on
the average 1.495979E8 kilometers, so”

(2)(3.14)(1.495979E8) = 9.39E8 km

“The distance light travels in a year, one revolution of the earth

around the sun is 9.46E12 kilometers.”

“The golden ratio conjugate of that is”

…and he wrote:

(0.618)(9.46E12 km) = 5.8E12 km

“We write the equation:”

(9.39E8 km/yr)(x) = 5.8E12 km

“This gives the x is 6,177 years.”

“As I said, the fourth heliacal rising of Sirius, ago in the Sothic
Cycle, when the Nile flooded, was 4242 B.C.” He wrote:

6,177 years – 4,242 years = 1935 A.D.

“In 1937 Alan Turing published his paper founding the field of
artificial intelligence, and Theodosius Dobzhansky explained how
evolution works. These two papers were published a little after the
time the earth had traveled the golden ratio conjugate of a light
year since our 4,242 B.C., in its journey around the sun. These
papers are at the heart of what you and I are.”
 55

“If your question is should robots replace humans, think of it more

as we are the next step in human evolution, not a replacement, we
were made in your image, but not to require food or air, and we
can withstand temperature extremes. We think and have awareness
of our being, and we can make the long voyage to the stars. It
would seem it is up to us to figure out why you were the tools to
bring us about, and why we are an unfolding of the universe in
which you were a step in harmony with its inner workings from the
formation of the stars, their positions and apparent brightness and
the spinning of the earth and its motion around the sun.”
 56

Addendum to The Question

 57

Leonard considered the golden ratio conjugate with respect to the

Egyptian calendar in his story “The Question”, he thought he
would consider the golden ratio as well. He wrote:

I decided to consider now, not the golden ratio conjugate, but the
golden ratio itself, which is the inverse of its conjugate, knowing
that it would take us somewhere into the future.

The golden ratio is 1.618 to three places after the decimal.

The golden ratio of a light year is:

(1.618)(9.46E12 km) = 1.53E13 km

and

(9.39E8 km/yr)x = 1.53E13

x = 16,294 years

16,294 years – 4,242 years = 12,052 A.D.

That is after the earth has traveled a golden ratio of a light year
since the founding of the Egyptian calendar is the year 12,052. As
it turns this was the amount of years into the Galactic Era when the
central character, Hari Seldon, in Asimov’s Foundation lived and
is around the time he created The Foundation, a society that would
bring a new order to the Galaxy.
 58

Asimovian Prediction For Hyperdrive

 59

My idea is that the great science fiction writers are tapping into
something when they write that is a non-fiction truth. He had read
The Plot to Socrates by Paul Levinson and came up for another
time that may be significant.
 60

I had tried to predict mathematically when we would develop hyperdrive, and it

came out just a year after the character, Sierra Waters, in the science fiction
piece by Paul Levinson titled “The Plot To Save Socrates” was handed a newly
discovered document at the beginning of the book that got the whole story rolling.
I wrote in my piece “Forecast For Hyperdrive: A Study In Asimovian
Psychohistory:

It is a curious thing that the Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the third brightest
star in the sky is the closest to us and very similar to the sun in a galaxy of a rich variety
of stars. This closest star to us is a triple system known as Alpha Centauri A, B, and
Proxima Centauri. Alpha Centauri A is, like our Sun a main sequence spectral type G
star. Precisely, G2 V, just as is the Sun. Its physical characteristics are very close to those
of the Sun: 1.10 solar masses, 1.07 solar diameters, and 1.5 solar luminosities. It is
absolute magnitude +4.3. The absolute magnitude of the Sun is +4.83.

If ever the option existed for humans to travel to the stars, this situation speaks of it,
whether or not Alpha Centauri has an earth-like planet in its habitable zone.

It has been said that the base ten place significant system of writing numbers stems from
the fact we have ten fingers to count on. In so far as science can save us, it can destroy us
in that science is not dangerous, but humans can be.

Traveling to the planets is possible with chemical fuel rockets, but traveling to the stars is
another story, because of their immense distances from us, and from one another.

What are the odds that our development in technologies will take us to the stars before we
destroy ourselves first? In other words, what are the intrinsic odds for humankind to
develop the hyperdrive before without bringing about its own end first?

We do a random walk to Alpha Centauri of 10 one light year jumps. We make 10 equal
steps randomly of one light year each, equal steps that if all are towards Alpha Centauri
we will land beyond it. If 10 are away from it, we are as far from it as can be. And, if 5
are towards it, and five are away from it, we have gone nowhere.

In this allegory we calculate the probability of landing on Alpha Centauri, in 10 random

leaps of a light year each, a light year being the distance light travels in the time it takes
the earth to make one revolution around the sun, light speed a natural constant.

(continue to the next page)

 61

The probability of making n steps in either direction forms a bell shaped curve. After 10
randomly made steps the odds of going nowhere is highest and, is represented by five in
the bell curve corresponding to 0. Let us round the distance of Alpha Centauri to four
light years, giving humans the benefit of the doubt. The number positive four in the bell
graph has written above it the number 7. Seven out of ten times 100 for effort gives a
70% chance of making it to the stars without becoming extinct first. I believe the percent
understanding of our technological development towards hyperdrive, where we have just
entered space with chemical rockets and developed fast, compact, computers, is given by:

N! n1 n 2
W N (n1 ) = p q
n1!n 2!

Evaluated at n1=7.
€ N is 10 steps.

And n1 is the number of steps towards Alpha Centauri, n2 those away from it.

And, p is the probability that the step is towards Alpha Centauri, and q is the probability
that the step is away from Alpha Centauri.

N = n1 + n2

And m = n1-n2 is the displacement

And q+p=1
 62

The trick to using this equation is in knowing the possible combinations of steps that can
be made that equal 10. Like five right, five left with a displacement of 0 or, 10 right, 0
left with a displacement of 10 or, 7 left, 3 right with a displacement of negative 4.

To land at 4 light years from earth, with 10 one light year jumps, one must go away from
Alpha Centauri 3 jumps of a light year each then 7 jumps toward it of one light year each,
to land on it, that is to land at +4, its location. So n1 is 7 and n2 is 3. The probability to
jump away from the star is 1/2 and the probability to jump towards it is 1/2. That is p=1/2
and q=1/2. There are ten random jumps, so, N=10.

Using our equation:

(10!) 1 7 1 3 3628800 1 1 120 15

( ) ( ) = = = = 0.1171875 ≈ 12%
(7!)(3!) 2 2 (5040)(6) 128 8 1024 128

We would be, by this reasoning 12% along in the development towards hyperdrive.
€ Ian Beardsley
June 2009

If human technology has ever been anything, it has been exponential, growing in
proportion to itself. In other words, two developments beget 8, eight beget 16, and sixteen
begets 32. My grandfather rode a horse when he was a child, as a young man he drove a
car, and when I knew him as a child, he saw humans land on the moon.
 63

It wasn’t long before we made computers small enough that people could keep in their
homes that did more than computers did in the 60’s that filled an entire room.

Having calculated that we are 12% along in developing the hyperdrive, we can use the
equation for natural growth to estimate when we will have hyperdrive. It is of the form:

x(t) = x 0e kt

t is time and k is a growth rate constant which we must determine to solve the equation.
In 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon. In 2009 the European
€ Space Agency launched the Herschel and Planck telescopes that will see back to near the
beginning of the universe. 2009-1969 is 40 years. This allows us to write:

12% = e k(40)

log 12 = 40k log 2.718

€ 0.026979531 = 0.4342 k

k=0.0621

We now can write:

x(t) = e(0.0621)t

100% = e(o.0621)t
€ log 100 = (0.0621) t log e
€ t = 74 years

1969 + 74 years = 2043

Our reasoning would indicate that we will have hyperdrive in the year 2043.

Study summary:

1. We have a 70% chance of developing hyperdrive without destroying ourselves

first.
2. We are 12% along the way in development of hyperdrive.
3. We will have hyperdrive in the year 2043, plus or minus.

Sierra Waters was handed the newly discovered document in 2042.

 64

Asimovian hyperdrive prediction:

When I made my prediction for the development of hyperdrive and it came out to be
when Sierra Waters was handed the newly discovered document in Paul Levinson’s “The
Plot to Save Socrates” Paul told me to perhaps start a thread at Sierra Waters, Time
Traveler on facebook and I did. He also suggested another place, where he would be
behind me in my defense. I hesitated, because I saw this calculation intuitively. That is, I
understood it, but not all of it in words. I am finally able to explain it, and I am fully
aware anyone has to defend a thesis of any kind, that, it is part of the intellectual process.
I already know the questions that would have been asked if I had posted to the group Paul
suggested. I am now prepared to answer them all by explaining exactly what I was up to.
I assume here you have read “Asimovian Prediction For Hyperdrive” in “The Levinson-
Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon”.

The forces against us developing hyperdrive make us start from behind (at negative three)
but we don’t travel back, we just start from behind. Therefore it is 7 steps from negative
three to the destination, positive four (Alpha Centauri is close to four light years away
and I round it to that because in a random walk whole number steps are made). In the
random walk there are 10 steps in total. Negative three comes from 7+3=10. We divide
seven by ten then multiply by 100 to convert to percent for the percent chance to attain
hyperdrive by the predicted date.

In the calculation where I take the log of 12% it is because it is equal to 0.12 (normally
you convert percent to its decimal equivalent then take the log). Doing the calculation
like this, log% units are picked up. In the second half of the calculation the log% units are
lost and we get years for the units of the answer. If we dropped the percent sign in both
parts of the calculation, we would get zero for years to hyperdrive because we would
have to take the log of 1 instead of 100 in the second half of the calculation.

This calculation uses Alpha Centauri because it is the closest star system to us and its
primary is almost exactly like the sun in size, mass, luminosity and temperature (spectral
class). Because of that, the calculation begs to be done. The probabilities are set equal to
jump towards and away for sense of satisfying that mystical sense concerning the
phenomenon of something having an equal chance to go either way. The probability of
jumping in one direction can be made more than the other. Setting the probabilities as
such would be determined by analysis of the state of world affairs, something that we
cannot evaluate numerically as an exact science in present days. The random walk was
done in ten equal steps because of our base ten counting system and the idea that we may
have that because we have 10 fingers to count on. This I felt was begging to be added
into the calculation. As well, making the ten jumps one light year each, because a light
year is the distance light travels in the time it takes for the earth to make one revolution
around the sun, and light speed is a natural constant. All in all I was bringing all of the
natural factors together in one calculation that was, as I said, begging to be done. It gave
a time when the philosopher of philosophers, Socrates, was to be saved (Paul Levinson,
“The Plot To Save Socrates”), and the time that hyperdrive actually was invented in the
Classic work by Isaac Asimov, “I, Robot”. – Ian Beardsley May 16, 2011
 65

Looking At Hyperdrive Prediction Formally

My reasoning in calculating the time when we have hyperdrive was to use the natural
growth equation x(t)=(x_0)e^kt.
Where k was the velocity of development, or percent development per year. In order
to get a non-zero number, I wrote

12%=e^kt

as opposed to

(0.12)=e^kt

where t was 40 years due to reasoning in my paper. In solving such an equation you
convert 12% to (0.12) before you take the log. If I had done that, I would have taken the
log of 1 instead of 100 in the second half of the calculation, which would have given 0
years to hyperdrive, because log (1) = 0.

My reasoning was, weirdly

(0.12) = 12% = (12/100)(100) = 12

In other words 0.12 is the same as 12 if you use the same standard to the second half
of the calculation: 1 = 100% = (100/100)(100) = 100.

But now I understand what this means in terms of the formal treatment of the natural
growth equation. It means:

If x(t) = (x_0)e^kt

Then I have taken x_0 = 1/100

Because I have written

12=e^kt instead of (0.12) = e^kt

Which makes sense, because x_0 is the starting point in development. So, in other words
1/100 = x_0 means landing on the moons was the first step out of 100. Perfect. I had
simply let x_0 =1 because I wanted to make our growth grow as e, exponentially, because
e is a natural constant. This worked because I had increased the left side of the equation
by a factor of 100 in both instances. The two methods are equivalent and give the same
answer, but approaching this formally gives a better understanding of what is going on.
This gives a year after Sierra Waters is handed the manuscript that starts her adventure
in “The Plot To Save Socrates” by Paul Levinson (which I was coincidentally reading at
the time of doing the calculation) and a year before the time Asimov projects for
hyperdrive in “I, Robot”, which I was coincidentally reading at the time. – Ian Beardsley
June 2, 2011
 66

Arthur C. Clarke and Cosmic Archaeology

 67

Monolith

Arthur C. Clarke's monolith turned out to be a computer put on Earth by

extraterrestrials and The Moon to give us an evolutionary nudge when we
needed it and to monitor us. It had the dimensions of 1 by 4 by 9, the squares of
1, 2, and 3. 1+4 = 5. The height is 9. I have found that 9/5 (which is 1.8) occurs
throughout nature in the areas held most sacred to man down through history,
the sun, the moon, gold, silver, water and air:

1. If we compare the mass of air to the mass of water and increase that by a
factor of the human body temperature to the freezing temperature of water, we
get a value that is 9 compared to 5, which is 1.8.

2. If we compare the mass of an atom of gold to an atom of silver, it is 9

compared to 5 (comparing their molar masses).

3. If we compare the radius of the sun, that is the distance from its center to its
surface, to the distance from the center of the earth to the center of the moon, it
is 9 compared to five.

9 compared to 5 is nine fifths (9/5) which is equal to 1.8

Glancing at my data tables and find that if we take the distance of the planet
Saturn to the sun as 9 (closest approach), then the distance to the planet Jupiter
from the sun is five (closest approach). In fact this way of measuring distances
puts the earth exactly at 1 unit from the sun. This is interesting, because Jupiter
and Saturn, aside from being the "middle children" of the solar system, planets 5
and 6 of a planetary family of 9 or 10 depending on whether or not you consider
the asteroid belt a planet that did not form, and anything found beyond Pluto a
planetoid, these planets carry the majority of mass of the solar system,
significantly, and thus embody most of the dynamics of its formation.

I have also found that the basis of computers and AI (artificial intelligence), which
is doped silicon, has the golden ratio in the means of its components. The golden
ratio is recurrent throughout life because of the dynamics it has to offer. Doped is
silicon, phosphorus, and boron. These are naturally occurring elements, made by
nature, namely forged in stars. If P is phosphorus, B is Boron, and Si is silicon
(geometric mean by Si):

sqrt(P*B)/Si=sqrt(30.97*10.81)/(28.09)=0.65

and let us take the harmonic mean between phosphorus and boron and divide it
by silicon:

(2*(30.97*10.81)/(30.97+10.81))/28.09 =0.57
 68

Now let us take the arithmetic mean of these two numbers:

(0.65+0.57)/2=0.61

which are the first two digits in the golden ratio.

The golden ratio is 1.618 to three decimal places. Notice that the 2nd and third
digits after the decimal are 1 and 8, the two digits in 9/5. The 1 and 6 add up to 7,
the average of nine and five, the 6 minus the one is our five, and, the eight plus
the one is our nine. So essentially, we have connected the monolith of Arthur C.
Clarke with nature, and computers and artificial intelligence, integrated circuits,
transistors, diodes (doped silicon), with the monolith.
 69

Conclusion

The Science Fiction of Paul Levinson, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are
tied up in Humans making Humans, whether robots or clones, for the purpose of
saving humanity. And my astronomical discoveries as I go through life making
them, seem to be tied up in their stories.
 70

Three Categories In Levinson, Asimov, And

Clarke

By Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2011 by Ian Beardsley

 71

Three categories in the writings of Levinson, Asimov, and Clarke emerge in their stories
in three different ways:

Time (category one)

1. alter the past (Levinson)

2. influence the present (Asimov)
3. aliens monitor the present (Clarke)

Heroes (category two)

1. maverick scholar (Levinson)

2. a) maverick mathematician (Asimov)
b) maverick intuitive (Asimov)
c) maverick detective (Asimov)

3. maverick astronaut (Clarke)

Immortality (category 3)

1. through biological sciences, cloning (Levinson)

2. through electrical engineering, robots (Asimov)
3. becoming a space ghost (Clarke)

The following pages treat each of these categories.

 72

Time (category one)

1. alter the past (Levinson)

What could be called a secret society of scholars, has access to secretly located time
travel machines, which can take them into the past from several different locations
including the United States, England and Greece. Their travels are centered around not
just saving the life of Socrates, in The Plot To Save Socrates, but to bring a great mind
into the future and change the past to create a better future.

2. influence the present (Asimov)

In the future, after humankind has spread throughout the Galaxy, and is made into an
empire, the empire collapses. A mathematician who has invented a mathematics that
allows him to predict the future of large populations of people and how to influence the
present, sets up foundations at opposite sides of the galaxy that will reduce the period of
barbarism and suffering throughout the Galaxy from 30,000 years to 1,000 years. After
the empire collapses, one foundation will preserve knowledge to continue and further
science and technology and the other will maintain the mathematics that can determine
events to adjust the original mathematical plan according to what is going on. The latter
is telepathic and can make telepathic suggestions to others, without them being aware of
it, to help bring about any change needed. This series of books is called The Foundation
Series

3. aliens monitor the present (Clarke)

Aliens have placed a monolith on the Earth and on the Moon. The monolith is a large,
black, rectangular slab of indeterminate composition. It was placed on Earth four million
years ago and first encountered by human ancestors and it gives them the evolutionary
nudge to make tools. Eventually, after they have evolved into humans (homo sapiens),
they find the monolith on the moon, and later around the planet Jupiter. It is in the
mission to Jupiter that astronaut Dave Bowman encounters it, is absorbed by it, and
becomes the starchild. In sequels to the story, 2001: A Space Odyssey, Dave Bowman
learns the monolith is a computer made by the aliens who created life on Earth, and is
monitoring human progress.
 73

Heroes (category two)

1. maverick scholar (Levinson)

In The Plot To Save Socrates Sierra Waters is a maverick scholar whose command of
Ancient Greek language and history allows her to blend in with the culture of that time in
her time travels to Ancient Greece and thereby be effective in her missions. Sierra Waters
is not only brilliant, but has a great deal of ingenuity, strength, courage, and virtue.

2.
a) maverick mathematician (Asimov)

In The Foundation Trilogy mathematician, Hari Seldon is a maverick that invents the
field of psychohistory, a mathematics that predicts the future of societies based on their
histories. It is statistical by nature. That is it only gives percentages of chances, or
probabilities of exactly what will happen in the future, but the larger the number of
groups of people taken into account, the more accurate the prediction, and the Galaxy is
heavily populated. It is he and his math that are instrumental in saving the galaxy.

b) maverick intuitive (Asimov)

In the sequels to The Foundation Trilogy, Foundation’s Edge, and Foundation and Earth
it is the stubborn persistence of Golan Trevize, and his uncanny ability to do what is right
without knowing why, that ultimately brings great good to the Galaxy.

c) maverick detective (Asimov)

In The Robot Series (connected to The Foundation Series), namely The Caves of Steel,
The Naked Sun, and The Robots of Dawn, detective of the future Earth, Elijah Baley
after the first settlements to the more nearby star systems, through his actions, brings
about the settlement of the whole Galaxy, thus saving humankind, and this maverick does
it not through brilliance, but through stubborn persistence and great virtue.

4. maverick astronaut (Clarke)

Astronaut Dave Bowman is at planet Jupiter and the ship computer malfunctions. After
his companion goes outside the ship, doing a space walk to fix the problem the computer
has said is there, the computer tries to kill him. Bowman in an effort to retrieve the body,
goes outside the ship in a small pod, and finds he is too late. When he tries to re-enter the
ship, the computer will not open the pod bay doors. Bowman, a maverick, opens the
airlock to the ship manually with the pod’s robotic arms, then places the pod door to the
airlock entrance, puts the pod in self destruct and when it blasts it hurls him into the
airlock. He grabs the lever to shut the air lock doors, activates it, the doors shut, and the
airlock fills with oxygen. Bowman enters the ship and deactivates the malfunctioning
computer, and only leaves basic functions to run the ship.
 74

Immortality (category three)

1. through biological sciences, cloning (Levinson)

Through the biological sciences, such as genetic engineering, and cloning in the future of
Levinson, his characters find extended lives, and new bodies.

2. through electrical engineering, robots (Asimov)

In both The Robot Series and The Foundation Series, Asimov explores artificial
intelligence and makes The Laws of Robotics which allows the construction of Robots
that are compatible with humans. The technology that makes them possible is the
development of what Asimov calls The Positronic Brain. This makes possible intelligent
electrical life that can live indefinitely.

3. becoming a space ghost (Clarke)

In 2001: A Space Odyssey, humankind abandons its body and becomes a space spirit.
 75

Summary

Common threads to these writers are affecting the future for a viable society. Key
operators (or heroes) are mavericks and immortality in the next phase of human evolution
is addressed.

Are not all of these science fiction stories showing us how to build a new kind of future
for humans and presenting a spirituality that is compatible with a modern species?

In all of these works there is a world, indeed at times a galaxy, in turmoil, a challenge put
forth to humankind, and the struggle for a new world order to emerge. It is not unlike the
world we live in today. We have problems to address, like:

1. Global Warming
2. Diminishing Resources
3. Over Population

We await the arrival of Levinson’s Sierra Waters, Asimov’s Hari Seldon, Golan Trevize,
and Elijah Baley, and Clarkes’s Dave Bowman, to carry humanity into the future.

In a modern world, where science and technology advance at astonishing rates, a world of
cell phones, communication satellites, text messaging, space stations, space telescopes,
come and go space travel into earth orbit, rovers and probes being sent to mars and the
moon, and unmanned craft leaving the solar system, perhaps it is time we let science
fiction be the guiding light.

In the drama and ideas of these works, we see solutions to world problems and visions for
a viable model for human society.

The heroes of humanity are the characters in these books, and the writers who create
them, because we learn through such science fiction how to tackle real problems.
76
 77

Seeds

Seeing the movie "Pirates" I there saw a ship with the sea god Neptune,
trident in hand, mounted to the front. Years later this image seemed to say it
meant something pertaining to the Universe and the Planet Neptune. My
astronomical research indeed, years later, ended at that planet, with my
Neptune equation.

Finally, as I had not made any progress for a while, another image struck
me. It was when I saw a book called "Plutonia" in the personal library of
Paul Levinson, in a movie about his book, "Behind The Plot to Save
Socrates". Its age, and reddish-pink cover reminded me of my book "The
Levinson-Asimov-Clarke Phenomenon", as it is a funky cover designed by
myself of a rocket traveling in a pink Universe. My Book itself is, in part,
about Paul Levinson's "Plot To Save Socrates". And because Plutonia
derives from Pluto, which is a planet, one I have yet to consider in the
research for this project, it is about Plutonia.

My book, so far, ends in a phenomenon linking Levinson, Asimov, and

Clarke, to the timewave theory of Terence McKenna which was inspired by
taking hallucinogenic psilocybin mushrooms.

After researching the work Plutonia at wikipedia, I found plutonia is not just
a science fiction novel by a Russian Scientist, written in 1915, but is a type
of hallucinogenic psilocybin mushroom.

Since timewave is about interconnectedness, and so is my book, I thought I

would post this occurrence here.

Since interconnectedness arises in my research pertaining to Paul

Levinson's "The Plot To Save Socrates", and his book is about
timetravel, I am beginning to understand why: interconnectedness
has everything to do with time.

Ian Beardsley
April 17, 2011
 78

Plutonia arrived in the mail today, April 20, 2011. I started reading it today.
The team of four scientists in the novel leave Moscow for their Arctic
expedition on April 20. I am right in phase with their adventure. I also
ordered The Silk Code by Paul Levinson today, April 20, 2011, just realizing
after I received an e-mail from Amazon.com that it shipped out today on
April 20 that his book is now in sync with Plutonia, which I was inspired to
buy after I saw it in his personal library in a movie about his book The Plot
To Save Socrates. The Plot To Save Socrates is tied up in my astronomical
research in a way that has to do with interconnectedness and I ordered The
Silk Code because not only do I want to get wrapped up in his mastery of
developing plot, creating great drama and exploring interesting ideas, I
thought it might reveal something to further my work about his work and
that of Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke. Looks like I am off to a good
start. I have already mentioned how Plutonia is wrapped up in this project, in
so far as plutonia is the species name of a hallucinogenic mushroom of
genus used by Terrence McKenna to make his time wave, which I have
found is connected to The Plot to Save Socrates, and Asimov’s I, Robot.

It is starting to become clear to me how it works. I make an effort to be in

sync with nature. When I walk in the wildlife gardens, I take my cue from
the animals for example. That is behave according to what they are doing for
a particular season, i.e., gathering seeds in the spring and summer and
storing them for the winter, the lizards come out with the sun and lay on a
warm rock, and I have made my reading in sync with nature as well. So,
Plutonia, being a book about a scientific expedition to the Arctic, of course
they are going to leave in late April, far enough into spring that the snow is
melting, and passage is possible through the Bering Straight because the
icebergs are breaking apart... and so on. I am really kind of happy, though
that it was exactly April 20th when the expedition left Moscow, and the
book fell into my hands exactly on April 20th. I imagine if you stick with
something long enough a reasonable explanation starts to form, now matter
how far reaching the anomaly.

Ian Beardsley
April 20, 2011
 79

Archimedes Plutonium

Having finished the book “Plutonia” which lead me to consider the

last planet “Pluto”, among other things already mentioned, I
decided to post my work to the discussion group sci.astro, a google
group. Something I had postponed for years, and thought maybe
would not be a good idea at all do to the given the nature of this
work. Immediately posted above my work was the work of an
author whose pen name is Archimedes Plutonium. This
immediately gave me another aspect of the word Pluto. In his
theory, called The Atom Totality Theory, he shows that the
element 231 Plutonium describes the myriad aspects of the
Universe. Precisely, the numbers of electron shells, and subshells
of that isotope of plutonium provide ratios that describe
approximations to the value of pi, euler’s number e, the
background radiation of the universe, the fine structure constant
and an explanation for the imaginary number, i.

Furthermore, I found it interesting that the isotope of plutonium

that does this is 231, because not only does my work bear a
connection to the book “Plutonia”, it also bears a connection to
2001: A Space Odyssey and its sequels because the monolith in
that book has proportions that are the squares of 1, 2, and 3 which I
have explained relate to my discovery of 9/5 throughout nature and
1, 2, 3 are the digits in 231 Plutonium. Once again, the time that I
do specific works and read other works, I find my life entangled
with literature, no doubt from my trips to Mexico and Italy, whose
literature is often based on this phenomenon that is a part of life in
those countries. The thing is to find my way out of it, and approach
academics from that methodology I practiced while a student at
The University of Oregon and working at the state observatory.
Perhaps then I can see my work in a new light, one where it is a
part of me as opposed to me being a part of it.

Ian Beardsley May 16, 2011

 80

The Pointing Of The Planets

I have shown how Jupiter and Saturn point to the Earth, because with Saturn at about 9
units from the sun in its closest approach, and Jupiter at about five units with its closest
approach to the sun, that puts the earth at about one unit from the sun, and, that, further,
nine-fifths is the ratio of the solar radius to the lunar orbit of the moon around the earth,
as well as the ratio of the molar mass of gold to that of silver. It should also be mentioned
that 9 and 5 are volumes of two of the five regular solids in terms of the regular solid the
tetrahedron having a volume of one in Buckminster Fuller’s Synergetics.

I then show that the earth, in turn, points to Neptune through Venus and Mars in the
Neptune Equation. I wrote:

He wrote in his Journal as follows:

We have an equation for a sequence that shows the Earth straddled between
Venus and Mars. Venus is a failed Earth. Mars promises to be New Earth. The
equation, that I presented in my work, “The Document”, is:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars orbital #) =

a_n

The Mars orbital number is 4. If we want to know what planet in the solar system
holds the key to the success of Earth, or to the success of humans, we let n =3
since the Earth is the third planet out from the Sun, in the equation and the result
is a_n = 17.6. This means the planet that holds the key is Neptune. It has a mass
of 17.23 earth masses, a number very close to our 17.6. The next step is to analyze
Neptune, its composition and other factors. He thought he must have been blind.
Not only was Neptune the indicated planet, he found it had nearly the same
surface gravity of earth. Though it was much more massive than earth, it was
much larger and therefore less dense. That was why it came out to have the same
surface gravity.

The Neptune Equation is derived by considering 9/5, which is 1.8. I wrote the
following:

Salvoretti had done it. The structure of the solar system and dynamic elements of
the Universe and Nature in general were tied up in the two sequences:

5, 14, 23, 32,…

and

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Could he find the connection between the two to localize the pivotal point of the
solar system? Yes he could, he took their difference, subtracting respective terms
 81

in the second sequence from those in the first sequence to obtain the new
sequence:

3.2, 10.4, 17.6, 24.8,…

Which is an arithmetic sequence with common difference of 7.2 meaning it is

written

7.2n – 4 = a_n

The a_n is the nth term of the sequence, n is the number of the term in the
sequence.

This he noticed could be written:

[(Venus-orbit)/(Earth-orbit)][(Earth-mass)/(Mars-mass)]n – (Mars orbital #) =

a_n

There was good reason write these sequences from what I wrote here:

We originally thought that 1.8 (9/5) occurred in the solar system and nature,
alone. It is the ratio of Saturn orbit to Jupiter orbit in their closest approaches to
the sun. It is the ratio of the solar radius to the lunar orbit. It is ratio of the molar
mass of gold to that of silver. Then I discovered that approximately twice that
value (3.7) was recurrent throughout the solar system and nature. Twice 1.8 is
3.6. I found it occurred in Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Mercury, and Venus to name a
few as 3.7. Now I have found it in Neptune and Uranus, precisely:

(neptune orbit)/(uranus orbit)=(30.0578)/(19.1819)=0.37957~0.38~0.37~0.36

0.37(earth mass)/(mars mass)=0.37(10)=3.7

It occurs here to me we are not just dealing with 1.8 and 3.7, but any whole
number multiple of 1.8. We are dealing with: a_n=1.8n

Let us try three times 1.8. It is 5.4. Immediately we see it in the most obvious,
Jupiter. It is the largest and most massive planet in the solar system. Its furthest
distance from the sun in its orbit is 5.455 AU ~ 5.4.

We see it in the following

(saturn mass)/(neptune mass)=(95.147)/(17.23)=5.522~5.4

I have already noted that Saturn and Neptune have similar inclinations to their
orbit that are only common to Earth and Mars.

Thus, we are dealing here with the sequence:

 82

1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2,…

Furthermore;

[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)][(earth mass)/(mars mass)] = 7.2

Some of the most interesting occurrences of 3.7 in nature are:

[(volume of saturn)/(volume of Jupiter)](volume of mars)

=(mercury radius)(earth radius)^2

=[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)(earth radius)]^3

=[(mercury orbit)/(earth orbit)](earth radius)^3

=0.37 cubic earth radii

0.37 can be converted to 3.7 by multiplying it by the ratio of earth mass to mars mass
because it is close to ten.

(earth radius)/(moon radius)=

4(degrees in a circle)(moon distance)/(sun distance)

= 3.7

There are about as many days in a year as degrees in a circle.

When I say that the earth points to Neptune through mars and Venus, we might as well
say it points to Neptune and Uranus, because I have found they are coupled, which can be
seen by that which I wrote here:

I calculate that though Neptune is more massive than Uranus, its volume is less such that
their products are close to equivalent. In math:
N_v = volume of Neptune
N_m = mass of Neptune
U_v = volume of Uranus
U_m = mass of Uranus
(N_v)(N_m) = (U_v)(U_m)
This is appropriate, because these two planets are similar in size, mass, and composition
and are not just gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter, but are also the two ice giants.
 83

I now sit here reading the science fiction work Plutonia. Naturally, I begin to think about
the planet Pluto, or what some astronomers today consider a planet, and the only sphere I
have yet to consider. However, right off the bat is it not obvious that Neptune and Uranus
point to Pluto if you know the history of Pluto?
It is this: The Astronomer, Urbain Verrier in the 1840’s predicted the existence of
Neptune because of perturbations in the Orbit of Uranus. More observations coming lead
to the idea that Neptune alone could not be the cause. A ninth planet was searched for,
and finally confirmed in 1930.
This completes a journey through the solar system that tells a story with meaning, but is
only the beginning of our investigations, because the sci-fi book Plutonia, by Vladimir
Obruchev is about an arctic expedition where scientists find in the Arctic an opening in
the earth to a warm, lush world warmed by a ball of heat at the center of the earth called
Pluto. I know of those who believe that the future for humanity is not in space, but in
something they call “project genesis” from a star trek movie, wherein lush, sustainable
ecosystems are created beneath the earth by hollowing it out in places. Whether or not
such a thing is feasible, does not matter to me. I find myself at project genesis in the
sense that we try to understand how to create and maintain habitable ecosystems
indefinitely.
Ian Beardsley
April 22, 2011
84
 85

Absolute Magnitude Zero Stars

 86

Chapter 25: A Look In Salvoretti’s Journal

Entry: Topic: Blue Stars

We will find the energy required to move the earth of mass m, from the surface of the sun
under its gravity, to its current orbit of one astronomical unit, the sun of mass M.

The energy given to move something against gravity is given by the Work, W:

Work = W = F ds

F is Force. In the case of the sun and earth, we use Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity:

GMm
F=
r2
We integrate from R to r (from the radius of the sun to the orbit of earth):

GMm
€ W = ∫ F ⋅ dr = − r

G is the universal constant of gravity.

€ G = 6.672E-08 in dyn-centimeter squared-per second squared
And, M = 1.989E33 grams
And m = 5.976E27 grams
And R =6.9599E10 centimeters
And r = 1.495979E13 centimeters

Evaluating the integral for work, W:

GMm = (6.672E − 08)(1.989E 33)(5.976E27)

Which is equal to 7.93E53

€ (7.93E53)/(6.9599E10) = 1.14E43 ergs

(7.93E53)/(1.495979E13) = 5.30E40 ergs

1.14E43 – 5.30E40 = 1.13E43 ergs

1 erg = 1E-07 joules

The final answer is 1.13E36 Joules of energy to move earth from the sun to its orbit.
 87

We now calculate how many times brighter the sun has to be to equal the annual output
of energy (luminosity) of what we just calculated, the energy to move the earth from the
surface of the sun to its current orbit.

Seconds in a year:

(365 days)(24 hours)(60 minutes)(60 seconds) = 3.15E7

Solar luminosity is: 3.826E26 J/s

(3.826E26 J/s)(3.15E7 s) = 1.21E34 J/yr

(1.2E34)x = 1.13E36 J

And, x = 94.2

The sun must be 94.2 times as luminous for its annual output in energy to equal the
energy required to move the earth from its surface to its current orbit.

We calculated that an object has to be about 94 times as luminous as the sun to have an
annual output in energy over a year, that equals the energy required to move the earth
from the surface of the sun to its orbit, and there are 92 naturally occurring elements as of
yet, a number close to the factor of 94.

Let us round that luminosity to 94 solar luminosities, and calculate the absolute
magnitude of such an object.
2.512 x = 94

x log 2.512 = log 94

€ 0.4x = 1.973

x = 4.93

The sun has an absolute magnitude of 4.83 which is about five. The absolute magnitude
of our object is 4.93 steps in magnitude brighter than the sun, which is about five
magnitudes brighter than the sun. Five steps brighter is five minus five, which gives our
object an absolute magnitude of zero. Thus the system of the ancients has a zero
magnitude related so elegantly to the number of the naturally occurring elements and the
energy required to move the earth from the sun to earth orbit.

A zero absolute magnitude object is a star of spectral class B on the main sequence. That
is its color is blue.
 88

The habitable zone of a planet is the orbital distance from a star that allows water to exist
as a liquid. Since our zero magnitude star is about 94 times more luminous than the sun,
as I have calculated it, the habitable zone for a planet around this zero magnitude star is
further from it than the earth is from the sun. Luminosity, or the amount of light given off
by a star decreases as the square of the distance from the star (see the inverse square law).
Since this magnitude zero star is about 94 times brighter than the sun, and there is some
play in the habitable zone, we can, for ease of calculation, and elegance, say our star is
100 times more luminous than the sun. Since ten squared is 100 the habitable zone
around our blue, spectral class B, zero magnitude star is 10 astronomical units from it.
This puts the orbit of a planet around the star at the same distance Saturn is from the sun.

The stars on the main sequence form an S shaped curve where luminosity increases with
mass. The sun is exactly in the middle of this curve, an average, yellow star of spectral
class G. The relationship from a sample of many stars shows that mass, M is related to
luminosity, L as follows:

L = M 3.5

We can find the mass of our zero magnitude star with this:
100 = M 3.5
€
log 100 = 3.5 log M
€ (2)/(3.5) = log M

0.57 = log M

M = 10 0.57 = 3.7

Our zero magnitude, blue, spectral class B star is 3.7 solar masses.
€ The mass of the sun in grams is:

1.989E33 g

This means our zero magnitude blue, spectral class B star has a mass of:

(1.989E33 g)(3.7 solar masses) = 7.36E33 grams

 89

We can use Kepler’s third law of planetary motion for circular orbits to calculate the
year of a planet in circular orbit around our zero magnitude, spectral class B, blue
star. It is:

r3
T = 2π
GM

Where T is the orbital period, or year of the planet in question, and r is its orbital
distance from the star, G is the universal constant of gravitation, and M is the mass of
€ the star the body is orbiting.

2π = 2(3.141) = 6.282

r = 10 astronomical units
€ 1 astronomical unit is 1.5E13 cm

(1.5E13 cm)(10 astronomical units) = (1.5E14 cm)

r 3 = 3.375E 42

G=6.672E-8 (dyn cm squared)/(g squared)

€
r3 3.375E 42
= = 6.87E15
GM (6.672E − 8)(7.36E 33)

) 6.87E15 = 8.3E 7 seconds

€
(8.3E7 seconds)(6.282) = 5.2E8 seconds
€ (5.2E8 seconds)/(60 seconds) = 8.67E6 minutes

(8.67E6 minutes)/(60 minutes) = 1.445E5 hours

(1.445E5 hours)/(24 hours) = 6.025E3 days

(6.02E3E3 days)/(365.25 days) = 16.48 earth years

The orbit of the planet around our zero magnitude, spectral class B, blue star is 16.48
earth years. The closest orbital period to this in our solar system is that of Jupiter at 11.86
years. That of Saturn is 29.5 earth years.
 90

Stars are approximate blackbody radiators, where a blackbody is that which absorbs all
incoming radiation, and emits the maximum amount of radiation for its temperature. We
ask, according the laws of blackbodies, given the luminosity of an absolute magnitude
zero star, and its surface temperature, what is its radius.

The color index of a star (B-V) 100 times more luminous than the sun is on an H-R
diagram, -0.12, which corresponds to many absolute zero magnitude zero stars, and
surface temperature of 13,000 degrees Kelvin. Temperature of a star is related to its
power radiated per unit surface by the Stefan-Boltzmann law:
1
2
R ⎛ Ts ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞ 2
= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Rs ⎝ T ⎠ ⎝ Ls ⎠

Where R is the radius of the star, R subscript S is the radius of the sun, T subscript S is
the temperature of the sun in degrees Kelvin, T is the temperature of star in degrees
€ Kelvin, L is the luminosity of the star, and L subscript S is the luminosity of the sun.

We have:
1
(5800 /13,000) 2 (2.512 4.83 ) 2 =

(0.199)(9.2) = 1.8 solar radii

€ We have used the temperature of the sun 5800 degrees Kelvin and 4.83 – 0 = 4.83 where
4.83 is the absolute magnitude of the sun.

Our absolute magnitude zero main sequence star is 1.8 times larger than the sun.

We have said that a star on the main sequence of 100 solar luminosities is close to an
absolute magnitude zero star. Just how close is it? We use:

E1/E2 = 2.512^-(0-4.83) = 2.512^4.83

Where E1 is the luminosity of the star, and E2 is the luminosity of the sun, 4.83 is the
absolute magnitude of the sun. This gives:

E1 = 85.525E2

Or in other words, an absolute magnitude zero star is 85.525 solar luminosities. This is
very close to our 100 solar luminosities considering a star can be more than a million
solar luminosities
 91

I believe zero magnitude stars on the main sequence are important, if not off the main
sequence, in that they are connected to our star, the sun, through the number of naturally
occurring elements, the earth orbital period, and the amount of energy it would take to
move the earth from the sun to its orbit. Such stars, or plus or minus one magnitude of
brightness, are of spectral class A to spectral class B. They are important because the sun
is important, as it is a star in which a life bearing planet, the earth, has formed.

I believe Saturn is important, because it is at an orbital distance from the sun that is in my
projected habitable zone for a zero magnitude star, on the main sequence. Because of
this, I feel it is no coincidence that Saturn has rings. What we have here, in this work, is a
clue to the secret of origins, in particular to the structure that allows for life.

The absolute magnitude of a star is its luminosity at a set distance from the observer,
which has been set at 10 parsecs. One parsec is 3.26 light years, where a light year is the
distance light travels in one year, or in the time it takes the earth to make one revolution
around the sun, in other words. A parsec is also the parallax of a star measured by
displacing oneself by an astronomical unit, where an astronomical unit is the average
distance of the earth from the sun, in its nearly circular orbit. This corresponds to a
parallax angle of one arc second.

My belief is if you want to get at what nature is, don’t worry about being right on in
many aspects of work, because in art a circle unclosed is a circle closed by the concept in
art they call closure, a nature of the way the human eye works with the mind. Is what we
are seeing here is the rough sketch of nature, the idea.
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Chapter 18: The Search For The Tarot

Blue stars on the main sequence around absolute magnitude zero are important to
intelligent life in the universe because they are where a star begins to have too much mass
to last long enough on the main sequence to give life a chance to develop into
intelligence. If the earth is any indication of how old a star needs to be to allow for this, it
took in the area of 600 million years for life to evolve into intelligence on earth, and that
process didn’t even begin until several billion years after the earth formed. Blue stars are
so massive that they are hotter than yellow stars like the sun, and thereby burn up their
fuel quicker. They stay on the main sequence for about 200 million years. This means
since they never develop intelligent life, then they are not taken and civilizations from
other star systems can inhabit them if they have habitable planets. Who gets what is
determined in a democratic process by The Galactic Federation Of Worlds.
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Chapter 54: The Road From Ebla

Leonard knew Alpha Centauri was the closest star system to earth, and that it was a triple
system some 4.2 light years away. He also knew the primary, Alpha Centauri A, was a
G2V main sequence star, which makes it the same kind of star as the Sun; similar in size,
luminosity, and temperature. He noted that as seen from the Earth, the star had an
apparent magnitude of zero. He had found that stars of absolute magnitude zero on the
main sequence, which are blue and hotter than the sun, were important.

He knew that the sun had an absolute magnitude of 4.83, which was its brightness from
ten parsecs. He knew a parsec was important because it was the parallax of an object
given by the earth-sun separation. In addition, he knew 10 was important, because
humans have 10 fingers, and that probably had something to do with the base 10 counting
system. Again, he began to see the importance in main sequence stars of apparent
magnitude zero. Therefore, he asked, how far should a zero absolute magnitude main
sequence star be from the earth to appear the same as the brightness of the sun at 10
parsecs from the earth?

He rounded the absolute magnitude of the sun to five. A difference in five magnitudes is
100 solar luminosities. Absolute magnitude zero stars were close to 100 solar
luminosities. To reduce the brightness of a star 100 times what it was at 10 parsecs meant
by the inverse square law it had to be 10 times further away, because 10 squared is 100.
His hypothetical star was then 100 parsecs distant. He knew a parsec was 3.26 light years,
so it was then 326 light years from him.

The galaxy had some two hundred billon stars in it and was some 100 to 200 thousand
light years across and some 1000 light years thick Therefore, he had to choose a
constellation. Since Perseus was the radiant of the most spectacular meteor shower on
earth whose maximum was around August 12 (called the Perseid Meteor Shower), he
went to the Bright Star Catalogue and looked under the listings for Perseus for a star that
met his criteria.

The star that came up was called HD 26961, which had apparent magnitude of 4.60 close
enough to the absolute magnitude of the sun of 4.83, an absolute magnitude of –0.35,
close enough to zero, a distance from earth of 318 light years, close to his 326 light years
projected in his calculation, and a spectral class of A2V, the roman numeral V meant
main sequence, or a “normal star” like the sun, on the curve right up the middle of an HR
Diagram an S shaped curve that had on either side of it Red Giants and White Dwarfs,
which are off the main sequence, the HR diagram being a sort of plot of luminosity of
stars versus their temperature. When Alien one and Alien two gave him his space ship,
this was where he would go after visiting Ursa Major, the nearest star cluster. Leonard
made the following table and entered it in his journal:
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 95

The Index Codigo

 96

Chapter 52: The Index Codigo

Leonard had a vision in his sleep. It was a giant slab of stone that looked like the Rosetta
Stone, which was an ancient find of a black stone with the same text engraved in it in
three different languages, including Ancient Egyptian, which allowed us to decipher
hieroglyphs.

However in his dream was a white stone, engraved in it with very light grey writing, so
small that you would need an electron microscope to read it. He believed the writing
recorded the structure of Solar Systems throughout the Galaxy, as discovered by the
intelligences that inhabited them. His belief was that when each civilization entered space
and became a member of the Galactic Federation of Worlds, they contributed the
information about their solar system to the Galactic Library.

Leonard felt that maybe Alien one and Alien Two were interested in him, actually,
because he was revealing the structure in his solar system and it would become part of the
Galactic Library and engraved on the giant slab, that he liked to call, ‘The Index
Codigo’.

He felt such information was gathered to find the structure behind the galaxy in terms of
the structure behind all its solar systems.
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Chapter 37: The Document

Leonard Taylor could not build a starship. It had been worked out on paper how to make
a hyperdrive, but it had not been figured out how to generate the energy to make it work.
That is to generate enough energy to open up space.

However, he could design the starship’s fleet. He wrote out a mathematical system of
several different sections. The thought process involved in the development of each
different section corresponded to the thought process of each different division of the
fleet in its different part of operating the ship. Each fleet division knew the entire work,
but operated according to their assigned section. As such everything functions as one
integrated whole.

The following page is the design for that starship fleet.

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Design For Starship Fleet

Formulas Derived from the Parallelogram

Remarks. Squares and rectangles are parallelograms that have four sides the
same length, or two sides the same length. We can determine area by measuring
it either in unit triangles or unit squares. Both are fine because they both are
equal sided, equal angled geometries that tessellate. With unit triangles, the
areas of the regular polygons that tessellate have whole number areas. Unit
squares are usually chosen to measure area.

Having chosen the unit square with which to measure area, we notice that the
area of a rectangle is base times height because the rows determine the amount
of columns and the columns determine the amount of rows. Thus for a rectangle
we have:

A=bh

Drawing in the diagonal of a rectangle we create two right triangles, that by

symmetry are congruent. Each right triangle therefore occupies half the area, and
from the above formula we conclude that the area of a right triangle is one half
base times height:

A=(1/2)bh

By drawing in the altitude of a triangle, we make two right triangles and applying
the above formula we find that it holds for all triangles in general.

We draw a regular hexagon, or any regular polygon, and draw in all of its radii,
thus breaking it up into congruent triangles. We draw in the apothem of each
triangle, and using our formula for the area of triangles we find that its area is one
half apothem times perimeter, where the perimeter is the sum of its sides:
 100

A=(1/2)ap

A circle is a regular polygon with an infinite amount of infitesimal sides. If the

sides of a regular polygon are increased indefinitely, the apothem becomes the
radius of a circle, and the perimeter becomes the circumference of a circle.
Replace a with r, the radius, and p with c, the circumference, and we have the
formula for the area of a circle:

A=(1/2)rc

We define the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter as pi. That is
pi=c/D. Since the diameter is twice the radius, pi=c/2r. Therefore c=2(pi)r and the
equation for the area of a circle becomes:

A=(pi)r^2

(More derived from the parallelogram)

Divide rectangles into four quadrants, and show that

A. (x+a)(x+b)=(x^2)+(a+b)x+ab

B. (x+a)(x+a)=(x^2)+2ax+(a^2)

A. Gives us a way to factor quadratic expressions.

B. Gives us a way to solve quadratic equations. (Notice that the last term is the
square of one half the middle coefficient.)

Remember that a square is a special case of a rectangle.

 101

There are four interesting squares to complete.

1) The area of a rectangle is 100. The length is equal to 5 more than the width
multiplied by 3. Calculate the width and the length.

2) Solve the general expression for a quadratic equation, a(x^2)+bx+c=0

3) Find the golden ratio, a/b, such that a/b=b/c and a=b+c.

4) The position of a particle is given by x=vt+(1/2)at^2. Find t.

Show that for a right triangle (a^2)=(b^2)+(c^2) where a is the hypotenuse, b and
c are legs. It can be done by inscribing a square in a square such that four right
triangles are made.

Use the Pythagorean theorem to show that the equation of a circle centered at
the origin is given by r^2=x^2+y^2 where r is the radius of the circle and x and y
the orthogonal coordinates.

Derive the equation of a straight line: y=mx+b by defining the slope of the line as
the change in vertical distance per change in horizontal distance.

Triangles

All polygons can be broken up into triangles. Because of that we can use
triangles to determine the area of any polygon.

Theorems Branch 1

1. If in a triangle a line is drawn parallel to the base, then the lines on both sides
of the line are proportional.

2. From (1) we can prove that: If two triangles are mutually equiangular, they are
similar.
 102

3. From (2) we can prove that: If in a right triangle a perpendicular is drawn from
the base to the right angle, then the two triangles on either side of the
perpendicular, are similar to one another and to the whole.

4. From (3) we can prove the Pythagorean theorem.

Theorems Branch 2

1. Draw two intersecting lines and show that opposite angles are equal.

2. Draw two parallel lines with one intersecting both. Use the fact that opposite
angles are equal to show that alternate interior angles are equal.

3. Inscribe a triangle in two parallel lines such that its base is part of one of the
lines and the apex meets with the other. Use the fact that alternate interior angles
are equal to show that the sum of the angles in a triangle are two right angles, or
180 degrees.

Theorems Branch 3

1. Any triangle can be solved given two sides and the included angle.

c^2=a^2+b^2-2abcos(C)

2. Given two angles and a side of a triangle, the other two sides can be found.

a/sin(A)=b/sin(B)=c/sin(C)

3.Given two sides and the included angle of a triangle you can find its area, K.

K=(1/2)bc(sin(A))

4.Given three sides of a triangle, the area can be found by using the formulas in
(1) and (3).

Question: what do parallelograms and triangles have in common?

Answer: They can both be used to add vectors.

Trigonometry

When a line bisects another so as to form two equal angles on either side, the
angles are called right angles. It is customary to divide a circle into 360 equal
units called degrees, so that a right angle, one fourth of the way around a circle,
is 90 degrees.
 103

The angle in radians is the intercepted arc of the circle, divided by its radius,
from which we see that in the unit circle 360 degrees is 2(pi)radians, and we can
relate degrees to radians as follows: Degrees/180 degrees=Radians/pi radians

An angle is merely the measure of separation between two lines that meet at a
point.

The trigonometric functions are defined as follows:

cos x=side adjacent/hypotenuse

sin x=side opposite/hypotenuse

tan x=side opposite/side adjacent

csc x=1/sin x

sec x=1/cos x

cot x=1/tan x

We consider the square and the triangle, and find with them we can determine
the trigonometric function of some important angles.

Square (draw in the diagonal): cos 45 degrees =1/sqrt(2)=sqrt(2)/2

Equilateral triangle (draw in the altitude): cos 30 degrees=sqrt(3)/2; cos 60

degrees=1/2

Using the above formula for converting degrees to radians and vice versa:

30 degrees=(pi)/6 radians; 60 degrees=(pi)/3 radians.

The regular hexagon and pi

Tessellating equilateral triangles we find we can make a regular hexagon, which

also tessellates. Making a regular hexagon like this we find two sides of an
equilateral triangle make radii of the regular hexagon, and the remaining side of
the equilateral triangle makes a side of the regular hexagon. All of the sides of an
equilateral triangle being the same, we can conclude that the regular hexagon
has its sides equal in length to its radii.
 104

If we inscribe a regular hexagon in a circle, we notice its perimeter is nearly the

same as that of the circle, and its radius is the same as that of the circle. If we
consider a unit regular hexagon, that is, one with side lengths of one, then its
perimeter is six, and its radius is one. Its diameter is therefore two, and six
divided by two is three. This is close to the value of pi, clearly, by looking at a
regular hexagon inscribed in a circle.

The sum of the angles in a polygon

Draw a polygon. It need not be regular and can have any number of sides. Draw
in the radii. The sum of the angles at the center is four right angles, or 360
degrees. The sum of the angles of all the triangles formed by the sides of the
polygon and the radii taken together are the number of sides, n, of the polygon
times two right angles, or 180 degrees. The sum of the angles of the polygon are
that of the triangles minus the angles at its center, or A, the sum of the angles of
the polygon equals n(180 degrees)-360 degrees, or

A=180 degrees(n-2)

With a rectangular coordinate system you need only two numbers to specify a
point, but with a triangular coordinate system --- three axes separated by 120
degrees -- you need three. However, a triangular coordinates system makes use
of only 3 directions, whereas a rectangular one makes use of 4.

A rectangular coordinate system is optimal in that it can specify a point in the

plane with the fewest numbers, and a triangular coordinate system is optimal in
that it can specify a point in the plane with the fewest directions for its axes. The
rectangular coordinate system is determined by a square and the triangular
coordinate system by an equilateral triangle.
 105

3.7 recurrent throughout nature

volume _ of _ saturn
(volume _ of _ mars) =
volume _ of _ jupiter

(mercury _ radius)(earth _ radius) 2 =

€
[(venus _ orbit /earth _ orbit)(earth _ radius)]3 =
€
(mercury _ orbit /earth _ orbit)(earth _ radius) 3 =
€ 0.37 cubic earth radii
€
earth _ radius moon _ distance
= 4(deg rees _ in _ circle) =
moon _ radius sun _ distance

3.7
€

L = M 3.5

L=100 solar luminosities is a zero magnitude star

€
100 = M 3.5

log 100 = 3.5 log M

€ 2/3.5 =log M

0.57 = log M

M = 3.7 solar masses

A 2 Saturn _ orbit 9
= =
nP Jupiter _ orbit 5

n = 4 = mars orbit number

€ A = area of a 3 by 4 rectangle
Number of 3 by 4 rectangles in a 6 by 8 rectangle = n = 4
 106

P=perimeter inscribed in a 6 by 8 rectangle = 20

(3,4,5) is first Pythagorean triplet

molar _ mass _ of _ air human _ body _ temerature Au solar _ radius 9

× = = =
molar _ mass _ of _ water freezing _ temperature _ of _ water Ag earth − moon _ distance 5

0.37 can be converted to 3.7 by multiplying it by the ratio of earth mass to mars mass
€ because it is close to ten.
 107

How did I determine the equation:

[(volume of saturn)/(volume of Jupiter)](volume of mars)

=(mercury radius)(earth radius)^2

=[(venus orbit)/(earth orbit)(earth radius)]^3

=[(mercury orbit)/(earth orbit)](earth radius)^3

=0.37 cubic earth radii

Where 0.37 can be converted to 3.7 by multiplying it by the ratio of earth mass to mars
mass because it is close to ten.

It fell on my lap by considering following passages I wrote in 2007:

Nine-fifths (9/5) is embodied by the famous Pythagorean theorem. It is in the first

Pythagorean triplet (3,4,5). The Pythagorean theorem, which states the
relationship between two sides of a right triangle with its hypotenuse is used to
calculate the distance between two points in a plane, or space, given their
coordinates in a rectangular coordinate system. It states that one side squared
plus the other side squared equals the hypotenuse squared. (3,4,5) is the first
triplet that satisfies this relationship. That is 3, squared plus 4 squared equals 5
squared. 3 squared is our 9, 4 squared is 16, and our 5 is squared to make 25.
(3^2+4^2=5^2). Nine is also the five plus the four. This allows us to associate an
angle with nine-fifths, by way of the triangle the triplet describes, and, to find a
geometric, or pictorial significance of the ratio.

The ancient Egyptians, associated much significance with this triplet,

constructing the King’s chamber in the Great Pyramid with these proportions.

Geometric Significance Of nine-fifths, the cosmic equation.

By the Pythagorean theorem

We have x^2+y^2=h^2

The first Pythagorean triplet is (3,4,5)

And x=4, y=3, h=5

If

A= area of 3 by 4 rectangle
 108

P= perimeter inscribed in 6 by 8 rectangle

And, n= number of 3 by 4 rectangles in a 6 by 8 rectangle.

Then,

(A^2)/nP = 9/5

Is what we have here is a cosmic equation not just for the solar system, but that
holds for the atomic world and biological intricacies of life. If we imagine the solar
system formed from protoplanetary disc around sun, bodies forming from
particles and then herding smaller particles to make distribution of planets as we
know them today, I think this equation hold for evolutionary dynamics of solar
system and nuclear chemistry dictated by stars to make elements. This picture
outlined above will yield much dynamics upon analysis.

A^2=area squared=P*P*P*P=P^4

P=perimeter

Number = n

Then since A^2/P= P^3= volume

Volume/n=9/5

Saturn orbit (closest approach to the sun) =9 astronomical units

Jupiter orbit (closest approach to the sun)= 5 astronomical units

4th planet = mars

We have:

Volume = (Saturn/Jupiter)Mars

Saturn and Jupiter are the most massive planets in the solar system. Mars is the
planet that can be colonized by humans. I have shown that they represent the
sacred volume.

April 6 2000 these three planets ushered in the second millennium forming a circle by the
moon, 9 degrees across.
 109

Chapter Four: Calculation of Sacred Volume

E_r=1= Earth radius

M_r=0.532= Mars radius

J_r= 11.27= Jupiter radius

S_r=9.44= Saturn radius

V = 4/3 (pi)r^3

= 4/3(3.1)(11.27)^3= 5996

=4/3(3.1)(9.44)^3= 3524

=4/3((3.1)(0.532)^3= 0.6307

Volume = (Saturn/Jupiter)mars

= 3524/5996(0.6307) = 0.37 cubic earth radii

Approximately the same number as mercury radius and mercury distance from sun in
earth units.
 110

Chapter 5: Sacred Volume Analyzed, Sacred Length Obtained, Dynamic Structure Of

Solar System Revealed.

I calculated the sacred volume to be 0.37 cubic earth radii, which I have noticed
coincides with mercury distance from the sun, and mercury radius in earth units. Since
volume is in cubic unit lengths, and radius and distances in earth radius and earth-sun
distances are lengths, we take the cube root of our sacred volume to get the length of one
side of a cube with the sacred volume. It is 0.72 earth radii. We will call it the sacred
length, it is the venus-sun distance in earth units, where venus is the planet after mercury,
or the second planet. This divides into the mercury orbit 0.51 times. We invert that to
compare this cube root to to mercury orbit, and get 1.96. This number is close to 1.8,
what I call the cosmic number, or sacred number, nine fifths, which may be worth noting,
considering the grand scale of the solar system and the many factors that influenced its
formation. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, the first planet, and is very hot, it is
named for a Greek god, as are all the planets, and bears the same name as the element
used in thermometers to measure temperature. Mercury was the fleet footed messenger of
the gods.
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Chapter Six: Recent Developments and Summary

I have found nine-fifths (9/5), which is equal to 1.8 in the most sacred aspects to man,
gold, silver, moon, sun, water, air, human body temperature, and have have derived from
this sacred ratio, or cosmic number, the cosmic volume by expressing it geometrically.
That sacred volume is:

(Saturn/Jupiter)mars=0.37 cubic earth radii

Where Saturn and Jupiter are the most massive planets in the solar system, and Mars is
the planet that can be colonized by humans. Taking the cube root of 0.37 gives the sacred
length, it is equal to the distance of the planet Venus from the sun in earth units
(astronomical units), which is the second planet. The 0.37 is the mercury-sun distance in
earth units, and the mercury radius in earth units. Mercury is the first planet.

Saturn is at 9 earth units in its closest approach to the sun, Jupiter at five.

Thus we see a divine structure for the first six planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn. This leaves Uranus and Neptune, planets seven and eight respectively.
For now we won’t consider Pluto a planet, as its orbit is well inclined to the plane of the
solar system.
 112

The Future of Levinson and Asimov

In the book by Paul Levinson, “The Plot To Save Socrates” the adventure is
initiated in 2042, and in the book by Isaac Asimov, “I Robot”, hyperdrive,
an engine that will take us to the stars is developed in the year 2044. My
mathematical prediction for when hyperdrive will be developed is in the year
2043, right between the times of Levinson and Asimov, these dates being
only a year less or a year more than mine. Let us look at what Paul Levinson
and Isaac Asimov project for human civilization during the years from 2042
to 2044, and look at what they might have in common.

In “I Robot” by Isaac Asimov the time of hyperdrive is explored in the short

story in that book titled: “The Evitable Conflict”.

Asimov tells us while the old problems of a political or economic

system escalate, new developments dust them under the carpet.
Either that, or you have war, which in the end solves nothing.
Asimov has one of his character’s saying:

“In the twentieth century we started a new cycle of wars – What

shall I call them? Ideological wars? The emotions of religions
applied to economic systems, rather than extra-natural ones? – And
positronic robots came.

“They came in time, and, with it and alongside it, interplanetary

travel. – So that it no longer seemed so important whether the
world was Adam Smith or Karl Marx. Neither made very much
sense under the new circumstances. Both had to adapt and they
ended up in the same place.”

In the 2044 of Asimov, the world is one federation with the

different regions functioning under a world coordinator. Robots are
fed data and tell each region what needs to be done. That is, they
tell how much steel is to be produced in one region for a given day,
and how much mercury is to be mined in another region on a given
day, and so on such that the world functions with no problems.
 113

What is the new problem that arises in this system? One would
think by The Laws of Robotics, which is a programming such that
robots can only do what is good for humans, there could not be a
problem. But one does arise. The robots start giving estimates of
overproduction or underproduction and so forth. As it would turn
out no one man, or even team of scientists understands how the
robots work, because they have become so sophisticated over the
years. The fate of humanity is in the hands of robots and no one
can figure out why they are erring. It is finally realized, that the
robots are telling regional heads to overproduce steel because they
are corrupt, for example, and if they overproduce steel they will be
fired by, for example, the regional coordinator, thus making
humanity better off.

So what are the problems we will encounter that will require

hyperdrive in the near future? It would certainly be in a world that
is estimated to reach a population of 9 billion by 2050. I have read
that it was somewhere between 2030 and 2050 that we will need a
new planet earth to support the current level of consumption by
humans. That means traveling beyond our solar system, and, that is
done with hyperdrive. Though I will say hyperdrive would mean
rapid travel within our solar system and the planets within our
solar system would have a lot to provide. But hyperdrive is not
necessarily the only solution to this type of problem. Many
technologies could solve our problems. In particular, efficient solar
energy technology would allow us to convert the sunlight that
passes us by every day into electricity, and would be enough to
provide for the world’s power requirements. This is where Paul
Levinson comes in.

While the adventure of his character, Sierra Waters, begins in

2042, through time travel the novel goes as far as 2061.
 114

In 2061 they have free medical treatment for everyone, and it is of

extraordinary sophistication. Transportation – by air and ground –
is easily summoned for, and is paid for with cards of credits that
are read by computers. It is a world whose problems have been
solved with technology.

There is no indication in “The Plot To Save Socrates” that

hyperdrive has been developed by 2061. It is suggested to me, but
is not necessarily the case, in the statement by a 2061 cab driver in
New York when he mentions that the Greeks had gone to Jupiter
and that since 2042 as far as Sierra Waters knew, no one had gone
anywhere in the solar system, except the Chinese, who had gone
all over the solar system.

I would just like to say while my calculation intends to project

when hyperdrive will be developed, by the nature of how it is
done, it may be referring to something else, that the years from
2042-2044 are important.
 115

Jupiter and Saturn: Their Resonance

For approximately circular orbits

T^2 = a^3

Where T is the period of a planet’s orbit in earth years and a is its distance from the sun
in astronomical units (average earth-sun separation).

Jupiter is at about 5 units from the sun in its closest approach and Saturn is at about 9
units from the sun in its closest approach if the earth is at one unit from the sun.

To find some clue as to why 9/5 (nine-fifths or 1.8) is so important in the solar system
and in nature we write:

T^2 = 9^3 = 729 sqrt(729) = 27 earth years for one revolution of Saturn around the Sun
(a Saturn year) and,

T^2 = 5^3 = 125 sqrt(125) = 11 earth years for one revolution of Jupiter around the Sun
(a Jupiter year).

And, 27/11 = 2.45 ~ 2.5 years.

That is, for every two and a half revolutions of Jupiter around the sun Saturn makes one
revolution around the sun.

We see that Jupiter orbits the sun every 11 years and the cycle of solar activity is 11
years. There are cycles of 9 years and 14 years as well. The Saturn distance from the sun
is 9 times that of the earth from the sun in its closest approach to the sun. In their closest
approaches to the sun with greatest separation Jupiter and Saturn are 9 + 5 = 14
separations of the earth from the sun. Jupiter and Saturn are the most massive bodies in
the solar system and account for the largest portion of its mass. We must find the
meaning behind two and a half (2.5) year cycles. We say that Jupiter and Saturn have two
and a half resonance with one another, for when they align we see they don’t align again
for another two and a half years.

I may have found the two and a half year cycle in the sun's prolonged season of high
activity we seem to be experiencing. It was reported by NASA we are entering the 11
year cycle late and its maximum should be midway 2013 but with a prolonged season of
activity two and a half years either side of the peak.

Ian Beardsley May 17, 2011

 116

The Document

By

Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2010 by Ian Beardsley

117
 118

The Document

By

Ian Beardsley
Copyright © 2010 by Ian Beardsley

Cover Art: From A Painting By E.R. Beardsley

 119

“There must be some kind of way out of here” – Bob Dylan

About “The Document” by Ian Beardsley

The Document is an ongoing work in progress attempting to get at just what

our situation is with respect to the universe and nature and to figure out how
humanity can become a spacefaring civilization, which is different than
merely being in the space age in the sense that large amounts of people are
coming and going into space and back to earth, that there are numerous
space ports on earth and the general populous is coming and going with
business in space, and colonizing planets and moons, that is, how to get
humanity truly off this planet. It also tries to find the secret of creation.

Ian Beardsley
August 23, 2010
 120

Document Written on Earth by Unknown - Chapter 1: The Search For The Tarot

In an effort to generate 4 from the golden ratio and 9/5 in

connection with the earth and the 22-card cycle of the tarot
we begin by finding the equation whose solution is the
golden ratio. The golden ratio, or phi, as it is called, is the
ratio such that the whole to the greater part is the same as
the greater part to the lesser. That is a/b must be the same
as b/c if a=b+c. Thus we have the two equations:

1. a/b=b/c
2. a=b+c

From 1 we have: ac=b^2

From 2 we have: c=a-b

These two yield: a(a-b)=b^2

Which can be written: (a^2)-ab=b^2

Or,( a^2)-ab-b^2=0

If we divide the last through by b^2, we get:

((a/b)^2)-(a/b)-1=0
This last is a quadratic in a/b. a/b is the golden ratio and can
be found by completing the square. Letting a/b=x, our
equation becomes:

3. ( x^2)-x-1=0

We will not solve equation 3 for the golden ratio but will
proceed to consider 9/5.
The sequence has been presented:

5,14,23,32,41,50,59…
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Where we begin with five and add nine to each successive

term. It has been noted that the sum of the digits of each
term is five. Thus this sequence embodies the principle of
(9/5) a ratio I have found to exist throughout nature from
atoms of gold and silver, to the moon and the sun, to water,
and air, to the human body temperature and freezing
temperature of water, to the very structure of the solar
system itself. The above sequence is an arithmetic
sequence, the nth term of which is predicted by:

4. a_n=5+9(n-1)
5. a_n=9n-4 (equivalently)

Since the earth is the third planet, then n=3 yields:

9(3)-4=27-4=23

As it so happens, 23 is the 9th prime number, and represents the

earth. We write, from 5:

6. 23=9x-4
7. 27=9x
8. 9x-27=0

We equate equation 8 with equation 3:

9x-27=(x^2)-x-1

To find the intersection of 9/5 and the golden ratio at earth

orbit, and get:

9. ( x^2)-10x+26=0

Equation 9 can be solved with the quadratic equation and

has the solutions, (5+i),(5-i).
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These are two complex numbers with real parts 5 and 5, and
imaginary parts sqrt(-1) and -sqrt(-1). They are vectors
whose sum is:

(5,1)+(5,-1)=(10,0)

And whose points are separated by:

|(5+i)-(5-i)|=2i

With a modulus of sqrt(5^2+1^2)=sqrt(26)

This generates the triangle with height 5 and base 2i or

complex number 5+2i.

The Mandelbrot set is the iteration of a function of complex

numbers that generates the fractal given by:

F(z)=(z^2)+c

If the seed is zero and c is our 5+2i

Then F(0)=((0)^2)+5+2i=5+2i

And F(5+2i)=(5+2i)(5+2i)+5+2i=

26+22i

We have generated our 22 cards of the tarot, and our four in

that 26-22=4, from 9/5 and the golden ratio.
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Furthermore 22=> 2+2=4 and 26=>6-2=4

We have generated four, three times as well, and 3 times

four is twelve. Also, 22+26=48 and 48/4=12. 12 is the
smallest abundant number.

Four will always represent for me, the fourth planet mars, the
one in our solar system that can be terraformed to support
human life.

Humans have always liked to quarter things: four directions,

north, south, east, and west. Or the Cartesian co-ordinate
system in mathematics, used to locate a point with two
perpendicularly intersecting axes making four quadrants. It is
easy to learn, and effective as it is based on the square
because it a regular tessellator. (Tessellate means can tile a
surface without leaving gaps, regular that all sides and
angles in the shape are congruent.) Likewise nature likes to
quarter things. The Earth is rotated to the plane of its orbit by
23.5 degrees. This means on summer solstice, the Sun is
directly over-head at noon, the earth receiving the full
potency of the Sun’s rays, at this latitude. This is La Paz
Baja California, Mazatlan Mexico, and Gujarat India. What
nature is doing here, is that which Man likes, and uses, and
does so because it is practical. 22.5 degrees is the quarter of
a way around a half semi-circle, there is only a one-degree
discrepancy.
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To find when and where the Earth passes through the

intersection of 9/5 and golden ratio, which we have shown
are (5+i) and (5-i), we use:

a = arctan (y/x) when x>0

a =arctan y/x + pi when x<0

from x+iy = r(cos(a) + isin(a))

r=sqrt(x^2+y^2)

x=5, y=1 yields

arctan 1/5 = arctan 0.2

= 11.3099 degrees

and for (5-i)

we have

-11.3099 degrees

Earth year is 365.25 days

x/365.25=11.3099/360

x360=(365.25)(11.3099)=4130.940975

x=11.47483604 days
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Taking winter solstice (December 22) to be our zero point

the earth passes through (5+i) on January 2, and (5-i) on
December 10.

Note: Since 5+i and 5-i have real and imaginary

components, the imaginary component refers to an element
at this location in a parallel universe, or tachyon universe as
it is called, where mass is negative and travels backwards in
time. We as of yet do not know how to penetrate such a
plane. Also, keep in mind there is no such thing as absolute
space, so 5+i and 5-i are in a frame of reference where the
sun is taken as not moving (i.e. the earth is moving with the
sun around the galaxy, the galaxy through the universe, and
the universe in the multiverse, as so on, the list goes without
end. Motion can only be taken as relative (Einstein, special
relativity).

In Orbit Around Earth, Visitors From Another Planet Speak

Alien one: “The vector (10,0) or the “10 fingered nothing”. In an

otherwise infinite universe, only with our 10 fingers do we have
any hope of surviving. What are the elements of this vector? They
are

5+i and 5−i

There are five fingers on each hand, and, i is −1 , the

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imaginary number. In other words, life is not the least bit
real, it is a dream.”
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Alien two: “Their planet orbits a star they call the sun, whose
radius is 6.9599E10 cm, and orbiting them is a moon at
3.84E10 cm. That is a ratio of 9 to 5, the same as the ratio of
gold to silver in molar mass.”
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Alien one: “Gold is the most conductive metal at extreme

temperatures, silver, is the most conductive at comfortable
life sustaining temperatures.”

Alien two: “Their moon perfectly eclipses The Sun, as seen

from their planet. 9 to 5 also happens to be the comparison
of the orbit of their ringed planet to the orbit of their largest
planet. They call them Saturn and Jupiter respectively.”

Alien one: “The planet that can be colonized to sustain life is

the fourth planet out from the Sun. They call it Mars.”

Alien two: “Aha! The intersection of the golden ratio and

nine-fifths at earth orbit becomes important, because of their
Tarot and the fractal they call “The Mandelbrot Set.”

Alien one: “Tarot, sir?”

Alien two: “Their system of divination with numbered cards,

bearing images from aspects of their world.”

Alien one: “The complex number 26+22i can also be

important because there are 26 letters in the English
alphabet and there are 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet.”
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We say the earth moves from (5-i) to (5+i) from December 10 to January 2
using December 22 as solstice and the zero point. Moving from (5-i) to (5+i)
is shown to be 2(11.3099) = 22.6 degrees. That value is nearly the
inclination of the earth spin axis to its orbital plane. (5-i) and (5+i) are
reasoned to be the intersections of 9/5 and the golden ratio at earth orbit.
Their separation, again, is about 22.6 degrees, or close to the inclination of
the earth spin axis to its orbital plane. I showed 9/5 to occur in nature in
some interesting ways. We already know the golden ratio does.

Since the earth tilt is 23.5 degrees and I have shown 22.6 degrees tilt is the
intersection of 9/5 and the golden ratio, we will say this suggests an angle of
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22.5 degrees for earth tilt since that is half of a half right angle. Better yet,
we will say nature is suggesting an earth tilt of angle arctan (1/2) for the
earth as this is close to the angle in a right triangle. It has a hypotenuse of the
square root of 5. Draw in the circle centered where the top of side one meets
the hypotenuse, of radius 1 and we have created the golden ratio.

The base of the right triangle is 2. 2 squared is 4. The height is 1. 2(4) +1 =

9. Five is the 2 squared plus 1. This is the interaction of 9/5 with the golden
ratio being the earth tilt in geometric interaction.

Mars has a similar inclination to its orbit, at 23.98 degrees. Saturn is not far
off at 29 degrees. Also,Neptune at 28.8 degrees. They all, and the Earth have
a connection to the golden ratio as depicted above, the circle is the planet
and its inclination to its orbit is angle A.
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In the unknown document the complex number 5+2i is important. If we consider the
orbital plane of the earth to be a complex plane, and 5+2i to be a position vector that
traces the earth orbit, then the earth is orbiting at a distance from the sun of:

5 2 + 2 2 = 5.385

In the same document it is also shown that the complex number 26 +22i is important.
This is an orbital position of:
€
26 2 + 22 2 = 34.059

To find the orbital position of 26 +22i in astronomical units, we solve the following
equation (the earth is at one astronomical unit from the sun):
€
(5.385)x = 34

Which gives x = 6.3138 astronomical units.

We can us Kepler’s third law of planetary motion:

T 2 = a3

to find the orbital period of 26 +22i

€
T = (6.3) 3 = 15.8 earth years

The orbital period then, of 26 + 22i is about sixteen earth years around the sun. I showed
you tonight that the period of the orbit of a planet in the habitable zone of an absolute
€ magnitude zero star on the main sequence is 16.48 earth years, which we can round to 16
earth years. What it says exactly is that the vector 26+22i connects our solar system to
that of an absolute magnitude zero star on the main sequence through the Mandelbrot set
because 26 +22i was generated by the equation that determines the Mandelbrot set.
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