PROGRAMME TITLE : DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Credit Examination Scheme

Prerequisite
Course Theory
Course Title C/O
Code L P Total PR OR TW Total
TH TS

DOCKS,
CE07310 HARBOUR & -- O 4 - 4 80 20 -- -- -- 100
AIRPORT.
1. Theory paper duration 3 hrs.
2. Theory paper assessment is internal & external.
3. C = Compulsory, O = Optional

RATIONALE :
This subject is classified under applied technology group. There is a vast scope
for marine construction in India, given the long stretch of coastline available to the
country. Hence a brief knowledge of docks, harbours and related structures is required at
this stage. Airport engineering has also been covered in this subject, but the designing
aspect for all the three types of structures has not been dealt with.

OBJECTIVES:
The study of this subject will help the student to understand
1. The elementary knowledge of docks, harbours and airports.
2. The various natural phenomena occurring along the coast and their effects on marine
structures.
3. The various protective measures taken related to marine construction.
4. The layout of airport related structures, their planning, etc.
5. The various terms related to docks, harbours and airport construction.

SECTION I (P – 32, M – 40)

Chapter Contents Hours Marks

1 1.0 HARBOURS 5 6
Introduction:
Definition of harbours different types of harbours such as
natural harbours, protected harbours, artificial
harbours, roadsteads, harbours of refuge, naval harbours
& bases, commercial harbours, fishery harbours.
General principals of harbour design: Preliminary
consideration; effect of tides; size & depth of harbours;
selection of locality
2 2.0 Tides & waves: 10 10
Different types of tides, tidal range,
wind, waves, height of waves, wave action, wind rise and
Beaufort scale, littoral drift and it’s prevention.
Break waters: definition, function. Classification of
breakwaters; Methods of construction of breakwaters;
 Comparison in terms of cost of construction, cost of
maintenance & efficiency.Different types of breakwaters:
mound breakwaters, composite
breakwaters, vertical wall breakwaters, pneumatic
breakwaters,
floating breakwaters. Sainflonds theory of wave action and
air breakwaters
3. 3.0 Jetties, piers & landing stages: 5 8
Definition; functions.
Forms of construction: timber piling; iron
& steel screw piles & cylinders; RCC piling; raking piles.
Impact on piled jetties; fender systems: simple fendering,
spring fenders, suspended fenders, rubber fenders.
Pier heads: definition, function, form of pier heads.
Landing stages, pontoons.
4. 4.0 Entrance channels: 5 8
Variable conditions of entrance channels. Features of tidal
regime.Blind channels, variable channels, fixed channels,
navigable channels.Accretion, bars.
5. 5.0 River improvement & regulation. 7 8
Different methods of improvement.
Training works: (1) by groynes (2) by walls (3) by dredging
(4) by sluicing.
Protection of embankments in estuaries & maritime
entrance channels;
Reasons for protection. Forms of bank protection; maritime
plants, Faggoting & thatching, mattresses, tipped rubble
stone, stone pitching, bagwork, concrete slab-work.
Channel demarcation & mooring. Light houses, buoys.
32 40
Total

SECTION II (P – 32, M – 40)

Chapter Contents Hours Marks

6 6.0 DOCKS 05 06
Introduction: Introduction; Definition of ports, docks, wet
docks, dry docks, slip docks, floating docks; wharf, quay,
jetty; Necessity of docks;
Classification of docks: tidal, enclosed : semi-tidal,
impounded; Relative merits of tidal docks & enclosed
docks.Form & shape of a dock; layout and location
of docks;
Dock & wharf walls: types.
Graving docks, floating docks & slipways; their necessity;
 Essential requirements of a repairing dock: accessibility,
ventilation, light; Methods of docking.
7 7. 0 Dock entrances & locks: 07 09
Site selection for dock entrance;agencies influencing site
location; Effects of currents; Orientation of an
entrance; dimension of
entrances; arrangement & types of entrances;
Maintenance of fairway: 1) sluicing & scouring,
2) scraping & sculpting, 3) dredging.
Construction features of entrances: lock foundation, sills,
platforms, side recesses & chambers, sidewalls, leveling
culverts.
8 8.0 Lock gates & caissons: 04 05
Definition; necessity; relative merits of caissons & gates.
Types
of lock gates; Horizontal & vertical forces acting on lock
gates;
Classification of caissons.
9 9.0 AIRPORTS: 04 06
Introduction:
Different types of aircraft. Component parts of an
aero plane;
Definitions of aircraft, aerodrome, airport, air field,
landing area, landing strip, terminal area, runway, gate,
taxiway. Definition of airport engineering and of some
terms such as airport elevation, approach surface,
clearway, stop way, threshold, instrument landing system
(ILS). Classification of airport according to ICAO.
Classification of airport by department of civil aviation
of government of India. Aircraft characteristics: type of
propulsion, size of aircraft, minimum turning radius,
minimum circling radius, speed of aircraft, capacity
of air craft, aircraft weight & wheel configuration, jet
blast, fuel spillage, noise. Airport planning: Regional
planning; Airport location & layout; Airport capacity;
Development of new airport; Airport site selection;
Surveys for site selection.
10 10.0 Elements of runway and taxiway design: 10 10
Definitions of cross wind component; wind
component; wind rose; safety area, sight distance;
basic runway length; airport capacity; Runway
orientation; Reasons for change in direction of runway.
Factors to be considered in geometrical design
of runways; typical cross-section of a runway. Factors
affecting airport capacity. Runway configurations.
Factors controlling taxiway layout.Design elements of a
 taxiway: length, width, width of safety area, longitudinal
gradient, transverse gradient, rate of change of
longitudinal gradient, sight distance, turning radius.
Exit taxiways- location of exit taxiways.
Fillets, separation clearways, holding apron, turnaround
or bypass taxiway.
11 11.0 Terminal area and Visual aids: 02 04
Definition of terminal area, terminal bldg, aircraft apron,
cargo storage bldg, Hangars, automobile-parking area.
facilities provided in an airport terminal, factors to be
considered in terminal layout; Site location.
Need of visual aids: different airport markings, elements
of airport lighting. Air traffic control- need of air traffic
control.
32 40
Total

Reference:
1. Planning & Design of Airports – Robert Horonieff / Francis Mekelvey
2. Highway & Airport Engg. – V. B. Priyani
3. Airport Planning & Design – Khanna / Arora
4. Dock & Harbour Engg. – H. F. Cornick
5. Dock & Harbour Engg. – Srinivasan
6. Dock & Harbour Engg. – Oza
7. Transportation Engg. Vol. II – Vazirani / Chandola