Vibration Monitoring

By: Mike Caprio

Team 1

Date of Experiment: 07-15-2010

Instructor: Prof. B.S. Mani

ME406-021: Mechanical Lab III

Summer 2010

1
Table of Contents

Abstract 3

Introduction 4

Theory 5

Experimental Setup/System 6

Sample Analysis 7

Results 9

Conclusion 15

Nomenclature 16

References 17

Appendix 18

2
Abstract

The objective of the Vibration Monitoring experiment is to introduce a controlled

vibration into a dynamic system at one point, measuring and comparing the resulting

vibration. A range of frequencies will be used in order to demonstrate where resonance

occurs.

3
Introduction

There are two main types of vibration. Free vibration, which occurs when a

system is set with an initial force (or some other type of startup input) and then allowed

to freely vibrate. An example of this could be a pendulum freely swinging or a tuning

fork ringing. Forced vibration is the type of vibration where a force is applied regularly

to a system in order to induce vibration. This is primarily the type of vibration that will

be considered in this report. Forced vibration is typically encountered everywhere in

machinery from washing machines to cars to computer hard drives. An imbalance in a

system (typically a rotating system of some kind) will cause a vibration that is constant

and can be amplified if near the machine or system's natural frequency.

The problem with vibrations nearing their resonant or natural frequency is that, if

not tended to, the machine can fail catastrophically. This potential result makes

vibrational analyses of paramount concern. The last thing a manufacturer wants is for his

or her device to fail in such epic proportions. This is not limited to mechanical systems,

however. Vibrational analyses are done in fields such as biomechanical, electrical

(however electrical currents induce an electrical type of vibration) and civil engineering.

4
Theory

Here, a damped forced vibration system will be considered. The cantilever beam

acts as a damper, slowing the system in the sense that it is slightly damping the vibration.

A schematic of a typical damped forced vibration system is shown below:

Following equation can be obtained by applying Newton’s second law to this system.

The above would be for a transient state. Shown below is the equation for the steady
state solution, which can be written as:

5
Experimental System/Setup

The air-cooled shaker table will be what generates the forced vibration in the

beam. A cantilever beam is symmetrically clamped to the shaker with accelerometers

attached to the masses at either end. This is done so that measurements can be taken.

The sweep generator will provide a sine wave output from .15 Hz to 5K Hz which, in

turn, has an output that will feed the shaker table at the desired forcing frequency. The

vibration monitor will give a digitized measurement of the amplitudes of the acceleration

(in g's), velocity (in inches per second) and displacement in (mils DA). The compressor

is what was used for in order to control the amplitude of the vibrational control system so

that it maintains a predetermined amplitude of excitation while the frequency input of the

experiment is changed and varied.

The masses were first placed symmetrically about the table support at the given

distance of 70mm (which translates to approx 2.76 inches) from the neutral position.

Three tests overall were performed with the second and third trials being 85 and 100mm

away, respectively. The group was instructed to adjust the generator in increments of 5

for certain ranges and in increments of 1 for others. This was up to the discretion of the

instructing teaching assistant, and varied throughout the experiment. Each datum was

taken one at a time, to ensure no mistakes or miscommunications between group

members.

6
Sample Analysis

Input Data:

L=3.35 inches
Frequency from Data=75 Hz
E=30X106psi
Base=1in
Height=.0625in
Mass=72grams=.159lbm
Displacement (mls DA)
Table=2.4
Beam=1.4
Velocity (in/sec)
Table=.6
Beam=.2
Acceleration (in/sec2)
Table=1.61
Beam=.537

Moment of Inertia
1 1
I = bh 3 = (1)(. 0625 ) 3 = 2.0345 X 10 −5 in 4
12 12

Spring Constant:

3EI 3(30 X 10 6 )( 2.0345 X 10 −5 )

K= = = 48 .86 (1)
L3 3.35 3

Natural Frequency:

k ( 48 .86 lb / in 2 )( 32 .2 ft / s 2 )(12 in / 1 ft )
Wn = = = 344 .44 rad / sec (2)
m .159 lb

 1 
Wn = 344 .44 rad / sec   = 54 .82 Hz (3)
 2π 

Frequency Ratio:

W DATA 75 (4)
= = 1.37
WN 54 .82

7
Response:

Displaceme nt of Beam 1.4

Displaceme ntRatio = = = .58 (5)
Displaceme nt of Table 2.4

Velocity of Beam .2
VelocityRa tio = = = .33
Velocity of Table .6
(6)

Accelerati on of Beam .537

Accelerati onRatio = = = .33 (7)
Accelerati on of Table 1.61

THEORETICAL RESPONSE:

Damping Ratio ξ =.01

Frequency Ratio δ =1.8047

R=
(1 + δ ) 2 2
=
(1 + 1.8047 )
2 2
= 1.8859 (8)
(1 − δ ) + (2δ ξ)
2 2 2
(1 − 1.8047 ) + (2 X 1.8047 X .01)
2 2 2

RESONANCE FREQUENCY:

L=3.35"

ξ =.01

Wn=54.82 Hz

W R = Wn 1 − 2ξ 2 =(54 .82 ) 1 − 2(. 01) 2 = 54 .8145 Hz (9)

8
Results

Natural Frequency (Hz)

L=2.7559" = 70mm L=3.3465" = 85mm L=3.9370" = 100mm
73.35 54.82 42.96

Figure 1: Natural Frequency Table in Hz

Frequency
Ratio Response
Displacement Velocity Acceleration
Wdata/Wn Ratio Ratio Ratio
0.07 1.09 1.00 #DIV/0!
0.14 1.05 0.86 1.00
0.20 1.09 1.00 1.00
0.27 1.17 1.15 1.00
0.34 1.29 1.25 1.14
0.41 1.50 1.40 1.40
0.48 1.88 1.67 2.00
0.52 2.27 2.09 2.50
0.55 2.64 2.50 2.83
0.56 2.92 3.00 3.17
0.60 1.52 1.56 1.29
0.59 2.30 2.10 2.00
0.60 3.21 2.80 3.00
0.61 3.93 3.67 3.57
0.63 4.68 4.33 4.29
0.64 5.81 5.75 6.00
0.65 7.33 6.38 6.67
0.67 10.26 9.17 10.75
0.68 15.61 19.00 15.67
0.70 26.64 30.00 50.06
0.71 20.26 21.00 26.98
0.72 12.34 13.20 11.60
0.74 6.16 6.43 6.83
0.75 4.17 4.29 4.50
0.76 3.28 3.29 3.50
0.82 1.67 1.57 1.83
0.89 1.03 1.00 1.00
0.95 0.81 0.67 0.67
1.02 0.74 0.60 0.60

Figure 2: Frequency, Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Ratio for L=2.75"

9
Frequency
Ratio Response
Displacement Velocity Acceleration
Wdata/Wn Ratio Ratio Ratio
1.37 0.58 0.33 0.33
1.28 0.62 0.50 0.33
1.19 0.57 0.57 0.50
1.09 0.83 0.71 0.83
1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00
0.91 1.73 1.75 1.71
0.88 2.26 2.00 2.14
0.86 2.69 2.75 2.57
0.82 4.53 4.50 3.37
0.80 5.89 7.29 4.62
0.78 11.22 8.80 8.86
0.77 21.53 21.25 20.58
0.75 38.13 39.50 26.48
0.73 17.71 15.20 10.00
0.71 9.73 8.75 9.00
0.69 6.64 6.40 5.72
0.67 4.73 4.45 4.29
0.66 3.23 5.82 2.86
0.64 2.16 4.50 1.86
0.60 3.52 3.15 3.14
0.55 2.37 2.93 1.87
0.46 1.65 1.53 1.57
0.36 1.34 1.00 1.20
0.27 1.16 1.09 1.00
0.18 1.08 1.00 1.00
0.09 1.09 1.00 1.00

Figure 3: Frequency, Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Ratio for L=3.35"

Frequency
Ratio Response

10
 Displacement Velocity Acceleration
Wdata/Wn Ratio Ratio Ratio
0.12 1.09 0.75 2.00
0.23 1.12 1.00 1.00
0.35 1.26 1.30 1.33
0.47 1.56 1.46 1.20
0.58 2.26 2.00 2.14
0.65 3.29 3.00 3.38
0.70 2.26 2.06 2.38
0.72 4.24 4.07 3.88
0.74 6.34 5.92 6.17
0.77 9.76 10.63 7.67
0.79 19.26 19.40 18.00
0.81 42.86 52.00 60.00
0.84 15.44 15.14 15.75
0.86 7.53 7.09 6.71
0.88 4.84 4.90 4.29
0.91 3.53 3.18 3.14
0.93 2.81 2.70 2.57
0.98 2.03 2.00 2.00
1.05 1.42 1.33 1.29
1.16 0.92 0.88 0.86
1.28 0.71 0.71 0.67
1.40 0.54 0.57 0.50
1.51 0.55 0.50 0.33
1.63 0.68 0.33 0.33
1.75 0.74 0.33 0.17

Figure 4: Frequency, Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Ratio for L=3.94"

An important consideration in vibration problems is the frequency at which the

system operates. Even in a lightly damped system, when the input frequency gets near

the natural frequency, the amplitude of the vibration can get very high. This is known as

"resonance." If this occurs in a mechanical system, it can be critically damaging leading

to failure of the system. Studies in vibration focusing on resonance determine what

precautions are necessary to prevent system damage. The response for displacement,

velocity and acceleration were plotted versus the frequency ratio, shown in following

graphs. Maximum response for displacement, velocity and acceleration were recorded at

11
26.64, 30 and 50.06 for 70mm, respectively. The other maximum points are shown in the

graphs below.

12
13
In the above graph displacement ratio for L=3.94" was plotted against frequency

ratio. The plot shows that the addition of damping can significantly reduce the

magnitude of a given vibration. The magnitude can also be reduced if the natural

frequency is shifted away from the input frequency by changing the properties of the

system, such as the mass or material from which it is made. Based on the data from

the theoretical/experimental response chart, this system seems to have a very

miniscule damping coefficient, if any at all. A roundabout guess would be between 0

and .01. Also consider the fact that the experimental data is shifted slightly to the

left of the rest of the curves. This is due to the fact that the cantilever beam in which

supported the hanging masses, has a mass itself, and adds a new factor into this

system.

14
Conclusion

In doing this experiment, the principles of resonance, natural frequency, damping

and general forced vibrations were to be explored and explained. In doing so, the

natural frequency of the cantilever beam as well as the resonant frequency were

discovered. The damping coefficient was determined experimentally, although very

small.

15
References

ME 406 Vibration Monitoring Lab Manual

16
Nomenclature

" - inches
mm - millimeters
Hz - Hertz
psi - pounds per square inch
g - "gravity" (i.e. 1g =(1)( 9.81) meters/second^2 = (1)(32.2) feet/second^2)

17
Appendix

DATA DISPLACEMENT
LENGTH FREQUENCY(Hz) (MILSDA) VELOCITY(IN/SEC)

(mm), (in) TABLE BEAM TABLE BEAM

5 19.8 21.6 0.4 0.4
10 19.6 20.6 0.7 0.6
15 19.9 21.6 1 1
mm 20 20 23.4 1.3 1.5
70 25 20.2 26 1.6 2
in 30 19.9 29.9 2 2.8
2.7559063 35 9.9 18.6 1.2 2
38 8.4 19.1 1.1 2.3
40 7.6 20.1 1 2.5
41 7.3 21.3 0.9 2.7
44 6.9 10.5 0.9 1.4
43 6.6 15.2 1 2.1
44 6.3 20.2 1 2.8
45 5.9 23.2 0.9 3.3
46 5.7 26.7 0.9 3.9
47 5.4 31.4 0.8 4.6
48 4.6 33.7 0.8 5.1
49 3.4 34.9 0.6 5.5
50 2.3 35.9 0.3 5.7
51 1.4 37.3 0.2 6
52 1.9 38.5 0.3 6.3
53 3.2 39.5 0.5 6.6
54 4.3 26.5 0.7 4.5
55 4.1 17.1 0.7 3
56 4 13.1 0.7 2.3
60 3.6 6 0.7 1.1
65 3 3.1 0.6 0.6
70 2.6 2.1 0.6 0.4
75 2.3 1.7 0.5 0.3
75 2.4 1.4 0.6 0.2
mm 70 2.6 1.6 0.6 0.3
85 65 3 1.7 0.7 0.4
in 60 3.5 2.9 0.7 0.5
3.34645765 55 4 4.4 0.8 0.8
50 4.9 8.5 0.8 1.4
48 5.3 12 0.9 1.8
47 5.5 14.8 0.8 2.2

18
 45 5.5 24.9 0.8 3.6
44 6.2 36.5 0.7 5.1
43 5.8 65.1 1 8.8
42 3 64.6 0.4 8.5
41 1.6 61 0.2 7.9
40 3.4 60.2 0.5 7.6
39 5.9 57.4 0.8 7
38 8.1 53.8 1 6.4
37 8.9 42.1 1.1 4.9
36 9.4 30.4 1.1 6.4
35 9.9 21.4 1.2 5.4
33 11.1 39.1 1.3 4.1
30 13.4 31.7 1.4 4.1
25 20.1 33.1 1.7 2.6
20 20.1 26.9 1.3 1.3
15 19.9 23.1 1.1 1.2
10 19.6 21.1 0.7 0.7
5 19.8 21.5 0.3 0.3
5 19.9 21.7 0.4 0.3
mm 10 19.5 21.9 0.7 0.7
100 15 19.9 25.1 1 1.3
in 20 20 31.2 1.3 1.9
3.937009 25 20 45.2 1.8 3.6
28 20.1 66.1 1.9 5.7
30 17.4 39.3 1.7 3.5
31 14.7 62.3 1.5 6.1
32 11.1 70.4 1.2 7.1
33 8.4 82 0.8 8.5
34 4.7 90.5 0.5 9.7
35 2.2 94.3 0.2 10.4
36 6.1 94.2 0.7 10.6
37 8.9 67 1.1 7.8
38 8.3 40.2 1 4.9
39 8 28.2 1.1 3.5
40 7.7 21.6 1 2.7
42 6.9 14 0.9 1.8
45 6 8.5 0.9 1.2
50 5 4.6 0.8 0.7
55 4.1 2.9 0.7 0.5
60 3.5 1.9 0.7 0.4
65 3.1 1.7 0.6 0.3
70 2.8 1.9 0.6 0.2
75 2.3 1.7 0.6 0.2

19
 SPRING NATURAL NATURAL
ACCELERATION(IN/SEC CONSTAN FREQUENCY(RAD/SE FREQUENCY(HZ
2
) T C) )

20
 BEA Wn=(rad/sec)/
TABLE M K=3EI/L3 Wn=(k/m)^.5 (2pi)
0 0.268 87.48 460.89 73.35
0.268 0.268 87.48 460.89 73.35
0.805 0.805 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.342 1.342 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.878 2.147 87.48 460.89 73.35
2.683 3.757 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 3.22 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 4.025 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 4.562 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 5.098 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.878 2.415 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.878 3.757 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.878 5.635 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.878 6.708 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.878 8.05 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 9.66 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 10.73 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.073 11.54 87.48 460.89 73.35
0.805 12.61 87.48 460.89 73.35
0.268 13.42 87.48 460.89 73.35
0.537 14.49 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.342 15.56 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 11 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 7.245 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 5.635 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 2.952 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 1.61 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 1.073 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.342 0.805 87.48 460.89 73.35
1.61 0.537 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.61 0.537 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.61 0.805 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.61 1.342 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 1.878 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 3.22 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 4.025 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 4.83 48.86 344.44 54.82
2.147 7.245 48.86 344.44 54.82
2.147 9.928 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 16.64 48.86 344.44 54.82
0.805 16.56 48.86 344.44 54.82
0.537 14.22 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.342 13.42 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.342 12.08 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 10.73 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 8.05 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 5.367 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 3.488 48.86 344.44 54.82

21
 1.878 5.903 48.86 344.44 54.82
2.147 4.025 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.878 2.952 48.86 344.44 54.82
1.342 1.61 48.86 344.44 54.82
0.805 0.805 48.86 344.44 54.82
0.537 0.537 48.86 344.44 54.82
0.268 0.268 48.86 344.44 54.82
0.268333333 0.537 30.01 269.93 42.96
0.536666667 0.537 30.01 269.93 42.96
0.805 1.073 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.341666667 1.61 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 4.025 30.01 269.93 42.96
2.146666667 7.245 30.01 269.93 42.96
2.146666667 5.098 30.01 269.93 42.96
2.146666667 8.318 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 9.928 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 12.34 30.01 269.93 42.96
0.805 14.49 30.01 269.93 42.96
0.268333333 16.1 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.073333333 16.91 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 12.61 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 8.05 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 5.903 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 4.83 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 3.22 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 2.415 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.878333333 1.61 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 1.073 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 0.805 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 0.537 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 0.537 30.01 269.93 42.96
1.61 0.268 30.01 269.93 42.96

Frequency
Ratio Response
Displacement Velocity Acceleration
Wdata/Wn Ratio Ratio Ratio
0.07 1.09 1.00 #DIV/0!
0.14 1.05 0.86 1.00
0.20 1.09 1.00 1.00

22
0.27 1.17 1.15 1.00
0.34 1.29 1.25 1.14
0.41 1.50 1.40 1.40
0.48 1.88 1.67 2.00
0.52 2.27 2.09 2.50
0.55 2.64 2.50 2.83
0.56 2.92 3.00 3.17
0.60 1.52 1.56 1.29
0.59 2.30 2.10 2.00
0.60 3.21 2.80 3.00
0.61 3.93 3.67 3.57
0.63 4.68 4.33 4.29
0.64 5.81 5.75 6.00
0.65 7.33 6.38 6.67
0.67 10.26 9.17 10.75
0.68 15.61 19.00 15.67
0.70 26.64 30.00 50.06
0.71 20.26 21.00 26.98
0.72 12.34 13.20 11.60
0.74 6.16 6.43 6.83
0.75 4.17 4.29 4.50
0.76 3.28 3.29 3.50
0.82 1.67 1.57 1.83
0.89 1.03 1.00 1.00
0.95 0.81 0.67 0.67
1.02 0.74 0.60 0.60
1.37 0.58 0.33 0.33
1.28 0.62 0.50 0.33
1.19 0.57 0.57 0.50
1.09 0.83 0.71 0.83
1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00
0.91 1.73 1.75 1.71
0.88 2.26 2.00 2.14
0.86 2.69 2.75 2.57
0.82 4.53 4.50 3.37
0.80 5.89 7.29 4.62
0.78 11.22 8.80 8.86
0.77 21.53 21.25 20.58
0.75 38.13 39.50 26.48
0.73 17.71 15.20 10.00
0.71 9.73 8.75 9.00
0.69 6.64 6.40 5.72
0.67 4.73 4.45 4.29
0.66 3.23 5.82 2.86
0.64 2.16 4.50 1.86
0.60 3.52 3.15 3.14
0.55 2.37 2.93 1.87
0.46 1.65 1.53 1.57
0.36 1.34 1.00 1.20
0.27 1.16 1.09 1.00

23
 0.18 1.08 1.00 1.00
0.09 1.09 1.00 1.00
0.12 1.09 0.75 2.00
0.23 1.12 1.00 1.00
0.35 1.26 1.30 1.33
0.47 1.56 1.46 1.20
0.58 2.26 2.00 2.14
0.65 3.29 3.00 3.38
0.70 2.26 2.06 2.38
0.72 4.24 4.07 3.88
0.74 6.34 5.92 6.17
0.77 9.76 10.63 7.67
0.79 19.26 19.40 18.00
0.81 42.86 52.00 60.00
0.84 15.44 15.14 15.75
0.86 7.53 7.09 6.71
0.88 4.84 4.90 4.29
0.91 3.53 3.18 3.14
0.93 2.81 2.70 2.57
0.98 2.03 2.00 2.00
1.05 1.42 1.33 1.29
1.16 0.92 0.88 0.86
1.28 0.71 0.71 0.67
1.40 0.54 0.57 0.50
1.51 0.55 0.50 0.33
1.63 0.68 0.33 0.33
1.75 0.74 0.33 0.17

L=3.937 in

FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
RATIO

Wdata/Wn DISPLACEMENT RATIO 0 0.01 0.02 0.05

0.1164 1.0905 1.0135 0.9865 0.9865 0.9865 0.9865
0.2328 1.1231 1.0542 0.9458 0.9458 0.9459 0.9461

24
 0.3492 1.2613 1.1219 0.8781 0.8781 0.8782 0.8788
0.4655 1.5600 1.2167 0.7833 0.7833 0.7835 0.7846
0.5819 2.2600 1.3386 0.6614 0.6615 0.6618 0.6639
0.6518 3.2886 1.4248 0.5752 0.5753 0.5758 0.5789
0.6983 2.2586 1.4877 0.5123 0.5125 0.5131 0.5171
0.7216 4.2381 1.5207 0.4793 0.4795 0.4802 0.4847
0.7449 6.3423 1.5548 0.4452 0.4454 0.4462 0.4513
0.7682 9.7619 1.5901 0.4099 0.4102 0.4111 0.4171
0.7914 19.2553 1.6264 0.3736 0.3740 0.3750 0.3819
0.8147 42.8636 1.6638 0.3362 0.3366 0.3378 0.3460
0.8380 15.4426 1.7022 0.2978 0.2983 0.2997 0.3093
0.8613 7.5281 1.7418 0.2582 0.2588 0.2605 0.2722
0.8845 4.8434 1.7824 0.2176 0.2183 0.2204 0.2349
0.9078 3.5250 1.8241 0.1759 0.1768 0.1796 0.1979
0.9311 2.8052 1.8669 0.1331 0.1344 0.1382 0.1624
0.9777 2.0290 1.9558 0.0442 0.0483 0.0590 0.1073
1.0475 1.4167 2.0972 0.0972 0.0995 0.1059 0.1429
1.1639 0.9200 2.3546 0.3546 0.3554 0.3576 0.3732
1.2803 0.7073 2.6391 0.6391 0.6396 0.6411 0.6518
1.3966 0.5429 2.9506 0.9506 0.9510 0.9523 0.9608
1.5130 0.5484 3.2893 1.2893 1.2896 1.2907 1.2981
1.6294 0.6786 3.6550 1.6550 1.6553 1.6563 1.6630
1.7458 0.7391 4.0478 2.0478 2.0481 2.0490 2.0553

THEORETICAL RESPONSE

DAMPING RATIO, R

0.1 0.2 1 0 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 1

0.9867 0.9876 1.0135 1.0275 1.0275 1.0275 1.0274 1.0272 1.0263 1.0000
0.9470 0.9504 1.0542 1.1146 1.1146 1.1145 1.1142 1.1132 1.1092 1.0000
0.8809 0.8891 1.1219 1.2777 1.2776 1.2775 1.2767 1.2737 1.2618 1.0000
0.7888 0.8051 1.2167 1.5534 1.5533 1.5530 1.5507 1.5426 1.5113 1.0000
0.6715 0.7011 1.3386 2.0241 2.0238 2.0229 2.0163 1.9935 1.9093 1.0000

25
0.5898 0.6315 1.4248 2.4771 2.4764 2.4745 2.4613 2.4158 2.2561 1.0000
0.5310 0.5835 1.4877 2.9036 2.9025 2.8993 2.8770 2.8014 2.5493 1.0000
0.5006 0.5595 1.5207 3.1728 3.1714 3.1671 3.1374 3.0381 2.7180 1.0000
0.4694 0.5357 1.5548 3.4928 3.4908 3.4850 3.4449 3.3122 2.9026 1.0000
0.4378 0.5123 1.5901 3.8788 3.8760 3.8679 3.8124 3.6321 3.1037 1.0000
0.4058 0.4897 1.6264 4.3528 4.3489 4.3373 4.2583 4.0080 3.3210 1.0000
0.3736 0.4683 1.6638 4.9480 4.9422 4.9249 4.8088 4.4527 3.5531 1.0000
0.3417 0.4484 1.7022 5.7164 5.7073 5.6805 5.5026 4.9816 3.7965 1.0000
0.3104 0.4305 1.7418 6.7452 6.7302 6.6859 6.3986 5.6113 4.0456 1.0000
0.2804 0.4154 1.7824 8.1917 8.1648 8.0855 7.5886 6.3560 4.2912 1.0000
0.2528 0.4035 1.8241 10.3723 10.3174 10.1580 9.2168 7.2165 4.5211 1.0000
0.2289 0.3955 1.8669 14.0307 13.8953 13.5114 11.4957 8.1571 4.7205 1.0000
0.2005 0.3936 1.9558 44.2489 40.4662 33.1400 18.2287 9.7564 4.9696 1.0000
0.2310 0.4301 2.0972 21.5720 21.0880 19.8105 14.6749 9.0806 4.8758 1.0000
0.4242 0.5852 2.3546 6.6403 6.6260 6.5838 6.3091 5.5511 4.0235 1.0000
0.6884 0.8189 2.6391 4.1296 4.1263 4.1164 4.0492 3.8334 3.2226 1.0000
0.9908 1.1026 2.9506 3.1039 3.1026 3.0986 3.0709 2.9780 2.6760 1.0000
1.3243 1.4242 3.2893 2.5513 2.5506 2.5485 2.5339 2.4838 2.3095 1.0000
1.6868 1.7787 3.6550 2.2085 2.2080 2.2067 2.1978 2.1669 2.0549 1.0000
2.0774 2.1636 4.0478 1.9766 1.9764 1.9755 1.9695 1.9485 1.8709 1.0000

26