Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
1994
TOWARDS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH CULTURE
Department of
Occupational Safety and
Health,
(Ministry of Human
Resources)
•
HUMAN RESOURCES MINISTRY
ITI
Core Activities of DOSH
Setting of Standards
Acts and Regulations
Codes of Practice
Guidelines
Promotion
Seminars, dialogues
Consultancy
Enforcement
Persuasion
Court Action
Historical Background of
OSH Legislation
1896
Era of Boiler Safety
1914
Era of Machinery Safety
1952
Era of Industrial Safety
1967
Era of Industrial Safety and Hygiene
1994
Era of Occupational Safety and Health
now ...
PRE-OSHA ERA
UNDER FMA
High accident rate ...
Low level of interest in OSH ...
Lack of OSH management system
Low level of OSH training and
education
Segregation of OSH functions ...
Too dependent on government to
ensure OSH in workplaces ...
Objectives of OSHA ‘94
Manufacturing Utilities
Mining and Electricity
Quarrying Gas
Construction Water
Agriculture, Sanitary
Forestry & Fishing Services
Transport, Storage Finance,
& Communication Insurance Real
Wholesale & Retail Estate
Trade Public Services
Hotels & & Statutory
Restaurants Authorities
Philosophy of OSHA
The responsibility of
doing something about
safety & health lie with
• those who create the
risks and
• those who work with
the risks ….
Lord Alfred Robens
OSHA PROVIDES the
FRAMEWORK
TO PROMOTE, STIMULATE AND
ENCOURAGE HIGH STANDARDS OF SAFETY AND
HEALTH AT WORK
Statement of Intent
Safety Organization
Arrangement - ...
All
packed into :
“The Safety and
Health Manual”
•
THE VICIOUS CIRCLE
UNSAFE
ACCIDENT
WORKPLACE
GET DOCTOR
WELL
Hazard/incident reporting
Accident investigation
Workplace audits
Risk assessment & control
First Aid, first aiders
Emergency preparedness & evacuation
OSH induction training ++
Procedures for contractors
OSH promotion
Record keeping
Maintenance of plant & equipment
Safe system of work, use of ppe, etc.
OSHA : § 15
GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS
Maintain plant and system of work
that are safe and without risk to
health;
Ensure safe operation, handling,
storage and transportation;
Provide information, instruction and
training to workers;
Safe place of work, access &
egress;
Safe work environment, & facilities.
•
NO SYSTEM OF WORK : MEDICAL
BLUNDERS in HONG KONG Hospitals
to different people,
at different places,
at different times …
UNSAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
10 1 minute Coughing
Protection from
discrimination if employee
reports safety and health
issues or functions as a
member of the safety and
health committee
SAFETY & HEALTH ORG
Good engineering
practice ....
Must be tested and
proven ….
Must be made in
writing ….
Must be made known
to persons involved ….
Must be revised from
time to time ….
OSH AUDITS
Hazard
elimination
Substitution
Use Barriers
Segregation
Place
Time
Warning
systems Personal
Administrative Protective
Control Equipment
TOPI KESELAMATAN KESELAMATAN
KESELAMATAN TELINGA KAKI
KESELAMATAN
MATA
Arc Eye
Dermatoses
Allergy - sensitization
Noise Induced Deafness
Pneumoconioses
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Exposure to radiation,
extreme temperatures ...
Forms of Hazardous Chemicals
:
Dusts, Fumes and
Gases
Solvents
Metals
Others ....
Dusts, Fumes and Gases
Benzene - C6H6
4-Aminodiphenyl;Benzidine; 2-
Napthylamine; 4-Nitrodiphenyl :
only 0.1 % allowed for all purposes
ENFORCEMENT …
27Enforcement Officers
in PAHANG
4500registered
Factories
Annualinspections,
CHRA, CPL, IH, BC, MHI
…
Other Sectors : ???
OTHER SECTORS ...
(Manufacturing...) Utilities
(Mining and Electricity
Quarrying...) Gas
(Construction...) Water
Agriculture, Sanitary
Forestry & Fishing Services
Transport, Storage Finance,
& Communication Insurance Real
Wholesale & Retail Estate
Trade Public Services
Hotels & & Statutory
Restaurants Authorities
Powers of DOSH Inspector
Duties of RM 50,000.00
employer or 2 years
Duty to others Same as above
Duty of
RM 20,000.00
designers/mfr
or 2 years
Failure to
comply with RM 50,000.00
NOP/NOI or 5 years
Duty of RM 1,000.00 or
employee 3 months
National Council for OSH
Fourgroups represented :
employers, employees,
government & OSH professionals
Functions :
Recommends Legislative changes
Reports on improving enforcement
Consultation
Statistics
Foster adoption of industry codes of
practice
Develop rehabilitation plans
Industry advisory committee
OSHA § 30 : (> 40 workers)
SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE
Conduct meetings at least
once in 3 months
Plan safety & health activites
at least once a week -- :
Investigate any safety and
health matter brought to
attention of employer
Audit unsafe conditions and
acts, rectify the problems ….
Review measures taken to
ensure safety and health at
work Safe Operating
•
Procedures.
Ensuring an Effective
Committee
Basic knowledge and interest of members
On-going training and education of
members
Availability of relevant information to
members
Regularity and frequency of meetings
Fast decision making and follow-up
actions
Wide publicity of committee activities
Recognition of members
Leadership of chairman
Stick to Safety and Health issues only
Training for
Committee Members
How to analyse audits &
inspection reports
How to analyse accidents and
recognise its trend
How to review safety policies,
procedures, etc
How to communicate effectively
The role of minutes & agendas
The role of chairperson &
secretary