5 Newman MCN Teldap2011

Imaging and Visual Services (DIVS)
Alan Newman, Chief, Imaging and Visual Services

Kenneth Fleisher, Color Scientist
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
MCN/TELDAP Conferences
Taipei, Taiwan
March 16, 2011
Imaging and Visual Services (DIVS) DAM at the NGA
 Image Capture at the NGA

 Technical considerations for achieving image quality
 IRIS (Internal Request for Imaging Services) system
 NGA Images web application
 Planned Intellectual Property Management system
 Planned Enterprise DAM (eDAM) system
 Integrating Systems
“The word reproduction implies that a

duplicate has been produced. We believe it would
be more appropriate to use the word
representation where an example of an object has
been produced...”
Dr. Roy S. Berns
Principles of Color Technology, 3rd Ed.
“… it must be remembered that, in

pictures, the colours of some objects … are more
important than others, and errors in some
directions … are more serious than in others: a
distinction therefore has to be made between the
perceptibility and the acceptability of colour
differences.”
R.W.G. Hunt
The Reproduction of Colour, 6th Ed.
Manually edit the color file such that the

impact of color variations introduced by the
process and the visual differences resulting
from appearance phenomena are
minimized.
 Calibration
 The process of monitoring and altering a devic
e’s color rendering characteristics in order to
maintain a consistent, repeatable, predictable,
and known state of operation.
 Characterization
 The process of building a relationship between
calibrated device values and the colors they
produce.
 Viewing Conditions ISO 3664

5000 Kelvin (Daylight)
Light Source
Neutral Surround
Display color space D50 to
match.
 Museums have adopted standards
of the Graphic Arts industry for
viewing:
Original artwork
Color guide prints
Color separation proofs
Press proofs
Final printed publications
Film Digital
Film Digital
Raphael
Italian, 1483 - 1520
The Alba Madonna, c. 1510
oil on panel transferred to canvas
overall (diameter):
94.5 cm (37 3/16 in.)
framed: 139.7 x 135.9 x 14 cm (55
x 53 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.)
Andrew W. Mellon Collection
1937.1.24
Screen and Print images matched

directly to artwork
Verified by second person for
every capture
1 Direct digital large format color matched to art in

studio under ISO conditions
2 Rapid capture color profiled for lighting, batch
corrected daily (fine tuned ad hoc to art when
reproductions are ordered for certain high
expectation uses)
3 Color transparencies digitized, matched to film
 1000% of the production

 10% of the cost
 90% of the image quality
…as compared to high end studio captures
and proofing.
6 year project. 70,000 images of prints,
drawings and photographs.
 Provide web and good publicity quality images

of collections of works on paper
 License images of works of art in the public
domain at no charge to non-profits through
NGA Images
 For NGA catalogues images can me fine tuned
at book preparation
James McBey, A Tinker Child, Macduff, 1914

Rely on color management

Batch color edits only
Verified by second person for
every group of images
Survey questions about

implementation of color
management
Test chart to print and return
Wrong
No Color Management
 A web-based, internal system for ordering

imaging services
 Art information validated through TMS
 Centralization of work order change management
 All fields are searchable by any user
 All work order information accessible by any
user and outside IRIS by shared URL’s
A web-based, self-serve Image Licensing

system with back office management
Access to images of the National Gallery’s
collections with customized downloads of use-
based formats
Back-office application: reporting/finance
Testing in-house second quarter 2011
Public launch summer 2011
 2005-06 IP Audit. Law school intern identifies, working with

Newman and legal department maps workflows for rights and
permissions determinations and data stores.
 2007 Diane Zorich completes “ An Assessment of Image
Intellectual Property (IIP) Policies and Procedures” based upon
audit and interviews and makes recommendations to centralize
and build IIP Management system.
 2011 develop Image Intellectual Policy for NGA, working with
Zorich and the 2007 roadmap to include strategy for providing
greater access to images of works in the public domain at low or
no cost. Define system requirements for IIP system.
 NGA uses as authority for all collection and

exhibition images the DAM system, Extensis
Portfolio
 Feeds NGA website, image search, display and
download on intranet, IRIS and NGA Images
 Manages all derivatives and technical,
administrative and descriptive image metadata
 Portfolio DAM data dictionary is maintained on
intranet site and freely distributed
 Data Dictionary describes 90 fields of technical,

administrative, rights and descriptive metadata
 Low cost among DAMs, easy to use

application, simple learning curve
 SQL based, extensible to Gallery information
architecture (such as TMS, IRIS, website)
 Used for NGA collection images since 2005:
collection objects (masters and derivatives),
painting conservation, temporary exhibition
images from outside sources
 Broad security only, lacks granularity, i.e. assigning

target group access to specific image clusters is not
possible
 No connection to Active Directory
 Performance and reliability unknown for very large
databases (300,000+) records
 Client-server application is less preferred than thin web
client
 Authoritative Image Repository

 Centralized, single source for a multiplicity of
Gallery image collections
 Users can retrieve current, use appropriate files
directly from eDAM – eliminates storage
redundancy
 Consistent metadata for long-term preservation of
digital assets
 Crosswalk to intellectual property rights and
controls for images
 The development of the eDAM will be a five-year project

and with persistent growth beyond
 Years 1-3 transition extant high value image collections
[collection/exhibition objects, exhibition installation
history, conservation] into the system and establishing
training and best practices
 Years 3-5 incorporate DAM pilot collections: events,
architecture, construction history (pilots, rich media e.g.
podcasts, video, CAD)
 Intended Functionality
 Save image sets for projects: exhibitions, publications, use in
other systems
 User-defined reporting capabilities or choose from templates
 Workgroups across divisions can build and share image-
based reports for exhibitions, publications, other projects
 Slide show capability
 Ability to handle standard rich media types including
audiovisual and CAD files
Source: R.S. Berns, L.A. Taplin, M. Nezamabadi, and Y. Zhao, Modifications of a Sinarback 54 Digital Camera for Spectral and
High-Accuracy Colorimetric Imaging: Simulations and Experiments, MCSL Technical Report, http://art-si.org/ (2004)
 New design for spectral camera

 Monochrome sensor
 Filter wheel
 Registration software in Matlab
 Higher resolving power (MTF)
 Flexible design
 Higher sensitivity (shorter exposure times)
References– DAM, IP and Image Capture
1. Digital Image Asset Management at the National Gallery

of Art (US), A. Newman & P. Dueker,
http://tinyurl.com/yftrvol , RLG Diginews Volume 10,
Number 6 ISSN 1093-5371
2. Image Rights and Reproduction Permissions: Current
Practices, National Gallery of Art, 2007. (Compiled by
Jess Sanet, DIVS Intern)
3. An Assessment of Image Intellectual Property Policies
and Procedures at the National Gallery of Art, Diane M.
Zorich, 2007
4. NGA DIVS DAM Data Dictionary, v5.2
5. ImageMuse discussion group, www.imagemuse.org
Bibliography – Intellectual Property
Hilary Ballon and Mariet Westermann, Art History and Its Publications in the
Electronic Age, Rice University Press, 2006
http://cnx.org/content/col10376/1.1/content_info
James Boyle, The Public Domain, Yale University Press, 2008
Cory Doctorow, Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity,

Copyright, and the Future of the Future, Tachyon Publications, 2008
Kenneth Hamma, Public Domain Art in an Age of Easier Mechanical

Reproducibility,
D-Lib Magazine, November 2005
Peter Hirtle, Emily Hudson, Andrew Kenyon

Copyright and Cultural Institutions, Guidelines for Digitization
Cornell University Library, 2009
Written by Alan Newman, Chief
and Kenneth Fleisher, Color Scientist
Digital Imaging and Visual Services
National Gallery of Art (US)
for MCN and TELDAP conferences,

March 16-19, 2011
Academia Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan
licensed for Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0

(CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
No commercial use or derivatives permitted.
Special thanks to Peter Dueker

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Imaging and Visual Services (DIVS)

Alan Newman, Chief, Imaging and Visual Services

 Image Capture at the NGA

“The word reproduction implies that a

“… it must be remembered that, in

Manually edit the color file such that the

 Viewing Conditions ISO 3664

Screen and Print images matched

1 Direct digital large format color matched to art in

 1000% of the production

 Provide web and good publicity quality images

James McBey, A Tinker Child, Macduff, 1914

Rely on color management

Survey questions about

 A web-based, internal system for ordering

A web-based, self-serve Image Licensing

 2005-06 IP Audit. Law school intern identifies, working with

 NGA uses as authority for all collection and

 Data Dictionary describes 90 fields of technical,

 Low cost among DAMs, easy to use

 Broad security only, lacks granularity, i.e. assigning

 Authoritative Image Repository

 The development of the eDAM will be a five-year project

 New design for spectral camera

1. Digital Image Asset Management at the National Gallery

James Boyle, The Public Domain, Yale University Press, 2008

Cory Doctorow, Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity,

Kenneth Hamma, Public Domain Art in an Age of Easier Mechanical

Peter Hirtle, Emily Hudson, Andrew Kenyon

for MCN and TELDAP conferences,

licensed for Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0

No commercial use or derivatives permitted.

Special thanks to Peter Dueker

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