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International Physical

Activity Questionnaire:
Validity & Reliability In
Indian Population.

By,
Hardik P Parab.

Guide: Mr. Fiddy Davis.


Mr. Kalyan Chakravarthy.
INTODUCTION:

“Physical activity (PA) is defined as bodily movement


that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle &
that substantially increases energy expenditure.”

Evaluation of physical activity is currently one of the


most important fields of epidemiology when focusing on
the prevention of non-transmittable chronic diseases. (4)

There are various methods to measure PA, which are


as follows- pedometer, portable heart rate recorder, activity
diary, accelerometer & calorimeter, these methods provide
objective values but these all methods are not ssss for
National Surveillance & they don’t provide information
about long term PA, & also they are not feasible
economically & they are time consuming. (7) (10).

For the National Surveillance of PA Questionnaire is a


very commonly used method. It provides information about
long term PA. There are many questionnaires available to
measure PA but among all International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ) is believed to be best questionnaire
among all. (1)
IPAQ was developed in 1998, & it is self administered
& telephone administered questionnaire. It is a standardized
instrument. (2) It is having 2 versions-long & short version.
Long version is having 27 questions & it covers
information about Job related physical activity;
Transportation physical activity; Housework, house
maintenance & caring for family; Recreation, sports &
leisure time physical activity; Time spent sitting. Short
version is having 7 questions & which covers information
about Vigorous activity; Moderate activity; Walking;
Sitting. (3)(6)

IPAQ covers age group of 18 to 65 yrs. Validity &


reliability of IPAQ has been proven in 12 countries which
are as follows-
Australia; Brazil; Canada; Finland; Guatemala;
Netherlands; United Kingdom, Bristol; United Kingdom,
Cambridge; Japan; Portugal; South Africa; Sweden;
United States, San Diego; United States, South Carolina.
(2)

In India because of lack of PA & sedentary lifestyle,


risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes & other co-
morbid disease is increasing. (8)
NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Lack of physical activity causes increased


prevalence of coronary artery disease, obesity & diabetes
in India. No standardized questionnaire is available to do
epidemiological studies regarding physical activity in
Indians.

OBJECTIVE:

To adapt IPAQ to Indian population & to


determine its criterion related validity & test-retest
reliability.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

• Useful for national surveillance of physical activity.


• To compare the values of physical activity with
other countries.

METHODOLOGY:

• Instrument: International Physical Activity


Questionnaire & Pedometer.
• Procedure:
Phase 1: Cultural adaptation.
Phase 2: Reliability & Validity of IPAQ.
Phase 1:
Cultural adaptation:
Translation & back translation of IPAQ.
Translation will be done into 6 Indian regional
languages- Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil,
Telugu and Oriya.

Procedure:
• Translation from English version- by 2
independent translators.
• Review of translation by bilingual people.
• Back translation in English.
• Group of bilingual people- review back
translation.
• Pilot test-
 Include all social level or educational class.
 Questions will be asked about complexity of
each item.
 At the end of survey- general questions will
be asked & response from the participants
will be considered & accordingly
modification of questionnaire will be done.

Phase 2:
Validity & reliability of IPAQ.
• Sampling: Quota sampling.
• Exclusion criteria: Those who don’t understand &
those who don’t willing to participate.
• Validation of IPAQ: Criterion related validity will
be determined using pedometer.
• Reliability of IPAQ: test retest reliability
Procedure:
 1st day questionnaire will be given.
 After 7 days.
 Questionnaire will be given to same subject.

Data analysis:
 Pearson product moment correlation will be used
to determine validity & reliability.
1a. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you do vigorous physical
activities like heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling,?
Think about only those physical activities that you did for at least 10 minutes at a
time.
________ Days per week or  none
1b. How much time in total did you usually spend on one of those days doing
vigorous physical activities?
_____ hours ______ minutes

2a. Again, think only about those physical activities that you did for at least 10
minutes at a time. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you do
moderate physical activities like carrying light loads, bicycling at a regular pace,
or doubles tennis? Do not include walking.
________ Days per week or none
2b. How much time in total did you usually spend on one of those days doing
moderate physical activities?
_____ hours ______ minutes

3a. During the last 7 days, on how many days did you walk for at least 10
minutes at a time? This includes walking at work and at home, walking to travel
from place to place, and any other walking that you did solely for recreation,
sport, exercise or leisure.

________ days per week or none
3b. How much time in total did you usually spend walking on one of those days?
_____ hours ______ minutes

The last question is about the time you spent sitting on weekdays while at
work, at home, while doing course work and during leisure time. This
includes time spent sitting at a desk, visiting friends, reading traveling on a
bus or sitting or lying down to watch television.
4. During the last 7 days, how much time in total did you usually spend sitting on
a week day?
____ hours ______ minutes
This is the end of questionnaire, thank you for participating.
REFERENCES:
• Physical activity questionnaire: Reproducibility.
• International physical activity questionnaire: 12
country reliability & validity.
• Validity of PAQ (IPAQ & PAQA) for Vietnamese
adolescents in rural & urban area.
• Development & validation of a physical activity
assessment questionnaire for adolescents.
• Commentary to accompany IPAQ-12 country
reliability & validity.
• Short questionnaire for measurement of habitual PA
in epidemiological studies.
• Is coronary heart disease rising in India? A
systematic review based on ECG defined congestive
heart disease.
• Redesigning the urban environment to promote PA
in southern India.
• The IPAQ: A study of concurrent & construct
validity.

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