Image processing 1

Image processing
In electrical engineering and computer
science, image processing is any form of
signal processing for which the input is an
image, such as a photograph or video frame;
the output of image processing may be
either an image or, a set of characteristics or
parameters related to the image. Most
image-processing techniques involve
treating the image as a two-dimensional
signal and applying standard
signal-processing techniques to it.

Image processing usually refers to digital

image processing, but optical and analog
image processing also are possible. This
Monochrome black/white image
article is about general techniques that apply
to all of them. The acquisition of images
(producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.

Typical operations
• Euclidean geometry transformations such
as enlargement, reduction, and rotation
• Color corrections such as brightness and
contrast adjustments, color mapping,
color balancing, quantization, or color
translation to a different color space The red, green, and blue color channels of a photograph by Sergei Mikhailovich
Prokudin-Gorskii; the fourth image is a composite
• Digital compositing or optical
compositing (combination of two or more
images), which is used in film-making to make a "matte"
• Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a raw image format using a Bayer filter pattern
• Image registration, the alignment of two or more images
• Image differencing and morphing
• Image recognition, for example, may extract the text from the image using optical character recognition or
checkbox and bubble values using optical mark recognition
• Image segmentation
• High dynamic range imaging by combining multiple images
• Geometric hashing for 2-D object recognition with affine invariance
Image processing 2

Applications
• Computer vision
• Optical sorting
• Augmented Reality
• Face detection
• Feature detection
• Lane departure warning system
• Non-photorealistic rendering
• Medical image processing
• Microscope image processing
• Morphological image processing
• Remote sensing

Further reading
• Tinku Acharya and Ajoy K. Ray. Image Processing - Principles and Applications [1]. Wiley InterScience.
• Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burge (2007). Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java [2].
Springer. ISBN 1846283795 and ISBN 3540309403.
• R. Fisher, K Dawson-Howe, A. Fitzgibbon, C. Robertson, E. Trucco (2005). Dictionary of Computer Vision and
Image Processing. John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-01526-8.
• Bernd Jähne (2002). Digital Image Processing. Springer. ISBN 3-540-67754-2.
• Tim Morris (2004). Computer Vision and Image Processing. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-99451-5.
• Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle (1999). Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision. PWS
Publishing. ISBN 0-534-95393-X.

External links
• Lectures on Image Processing [3], by Alan Peters. Vanderbilt University. Updated 28 April 2008.
• EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing [4] — Open Access journal on Image Processing
• Image processing algorithms, implementations and demonstrations [5]
• Computer Vision Online [6] A good source for source codes, software packages, datasets, etc. related to image
processing
• Rapidminer Image Processing Extension [7] - tool for image processing and image mining
• IPRG [8] Open group related to image processing research resources

References
[1] http:/ / books. google. co. in/ books?id=smBw4-xvfrIC& lpg=PP1& ots=FVFYaOATEF& dq=image%20processing%20ajoy%20ray&
pg=PP1#v=onepage& q=& f=false
[2] http:/ / www. imagingbook. com/
[3] http:/ / www. archive. org/ details/ Lectures_on_Image_Processing
[4] http:/ / www. hindawi. com/ journals/ ivp/
[5] http:/ / www. ipol. im/
[6] http:/ / www. computervisiononline. com/
[7] http:/ / spl. utko. feec. vutbr. cz/ en/ image-processing-extension-for-rapidminer-5
[8] http:/ / iprg. co. in
Article Sources and Contributors 3

Article Sources and Contributors

Image processing  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=412142275  Contributors: 83d40m, Abhinav.bal, Abmac, Adoniscik, Alanbly, Andre Engels, Andthu,
AndyCharles1Wilson, Animum, Apyule, Asc99c, Bact, Barticus88, Bravekermit, BrentN, C3o, Calltech, Carloscastro, Casia wyq, Cburnett, Chintanbug, DVdm, Dancter, DanielZhang27,
Diannaa, Dicklyon, Digitalmediaprocessing, Dwachter, Dysprosia, EagleFan, Fangz, Ferengi, Fgnievinski, Finn-Zoltan, Fletch1978, Flightsoffancy, Fordescort79, Giftlite, GillianSmith, HarisM,
Hezarfenn, Huotfh, Inschanör, Iobuddha, IronGargoyle, James086, Jiuguang Wang, Johnuniq, Jonawebb, Jorge Stolfi, Kamoshirenai, Karol Langner, Kipmaster, Kleopatra, Komap, Kutabar,
Lamoidfl, Lee Daniel Crocker, Mahogny, Malte singapore, Mani1, Manishti2004, Marc Lacoste, Matt Britt, Mdd, Mdd4696, Meera123, Melaneum, Michael Hardy, MichaelBillington,
MightCould, Minghong, Mostafa.elhoushi, Mr Yarrow, MrMambo, Nbarth, Nick Wilson, Nitin.mehta, Noctibus, Odo1982, Orderud, Organizmo, PAR, Panecasareccio, Pearle, Phillipsacp,
Pollinator, Poor Yorick, Porieu, Predictor, Pvosta, Quuxplusone, Ranjithsutari, Renatokeshet, Requestion, Rholton, Roesser, Sam Korn, Sbowers3, Seabhcan, SensibleStuff, Shirik, Smack,
Solipsist, Stw, Sumbaug, Supten, T3kcit, The Anome, Theresa knott, Tpl, Tuxide, User A1, Verbal, Wafulz, Waxigloo, Wikipedie, Wipware, Ylloh, Yswismer, 200 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image:Imagen binaria.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Imagen_binaria.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Cyborg, Ma-Lik, 2 anonymous edits
Image:Alleia Hamerops composite.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Alleia_Hamerops_composite.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Berillium, GoClick, Gorgo,
Ma-Lik, Mdd4696

License
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