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Visión de expertos
Todd, L. E. y Arredondo, V. (Coords.). (2006). La educación que México necesita.
En “La educación que yo quiero. Visión del profesor”, Ismael Vidales recupera la
experiencia que a lo largo de cuarenta años ha adquirido en su trabajo dentro del
magisterio. Con base en ello elabora una serie de propuestas orientadas a
cambiar algunas de las prácticas del sindicalismo magisterial; principalmente
aboga por dotar de un sentido distinto las funciones del sindicato para que se
convierta en un sindicato co-gestivo en las funciones sustantivas de la educación y
deje de estar sujeto a la lógica de prebendas y clientelismos políticos. En el ámbito
del ejercicio de la profesión, destaca el elevado número de funciones
administrativas que un profesor debe desempeñar, lo cual, de entrada, desvirtúa
su práctica profesional. Por otra parte, pone en tela de juicio la idea de que con
más computadoras el nivel educativo se elevará, pues en su opinión, el futuro de
la educación no está fincado exclusivamente en el uso de estas herramientas.
Estos son sólo algunos de los artículos que considero de especial interés por la
seriedad en su tratamiento y la actualidad de las problemáticas sobre las cuales
los autores reflexionan; además, se caracterizan por el grado de profundidad con
el cual son abordadas, lo que en más de una ocasión dejará al lector un asunto a
discutir. La temática de los artículos resulta estimulante para la reflexión en el
ámbito educativo; pocas veces se logra encontrar de manera unificada reflexiones
sobre las problemáticas actuales de la educación en México. Si bien es cierto que
el libro pretende ser una agenda política, en la medida que el año 2006 –año de su
publicación– fue un año electoral, llama la atención que la orientación de los textos
sea crítica; además, la mayoría de las propuestas son elaboradas con base en la
experiencia de los propios autores, entre los que se encuentran funcionarios del
ámbito de la educación, destacados investigadores en el campo educativo, así
como profesores que tienen la experiencia del trabajo en el aula. Esto resulta
particularmente interesante porque se trata de propuestas derivadas de la
experiencia y del conocimiento científico. El lector que se acerque a este material
no encontrara especulaciones sobre el quehacer en la educación y tampoco
elucubraciones que validen las ideas del sentido común; la lectura de este libro lo
dejará con un panorama general de algunas de las problemáticas en un tema tan
prioritario como es la educación en México.
The education that Mexico needs. Expert insight
Todd, L. E. and Arredondo, V. (Coords.). (2006). The education that Mexico needs.
Expert insight. Mexico: Center for Advanced Studies and Pedagogical Research.
To the extent that they apply scientific criteria, they try to approximate - although
sometimes only tangentially- the mechanisms that generate educational
deficiencies, and strip them of the univocal, or almost exclusive, explanation under
which it is stated that educational differences are cognitive differences, differences
in ability, dispositions or activities in the face of school work. In this spirit, they try to
answer some of the educational problems that are evident: What is the
responsibility of teacher unionism in improving the quality levels of education? Why
unionism should operate under the logic of perks and privileges. clientelism,
exceed the administrative licenses you have or resist the approach to lifelong
education that does not exhaust the teaching-learning process in the classroom, in
addition to leaving the teacher as a central agent? Isn't it necessary to change the
encyclopedic teaching scheme for an active one? Are the curricular contents up to
date? With the indicators of international tests, is the degree of proficiency of the
students really being measured? To what extent are these results comparable with
those of countries with better economic conditions? These are just some of the
topics included in the work; others focus on the basic education system, secondary
education and training for work. On the other hand, the fact that the book is a
collective work does not exclude the possibility of a homogeneous character, that
is, the difference is not always a condition of incompatibility, since most of the texts
have a critical orientation. The first text, “The construction from below of a new
intercultural bilingual education for Mexico”, by María Bertely, is the product of her
experience in the elaboration of didactic materials for intercultural bilingual
education; With the Self-Learning Cards, the aim is to build curricular content that
will help Tseltal, Tsotsil and Cho'le indigenous children of Chiapas in solving
problems in their daily lives. These materials have the virtue of being content about
their immediate environment; both indigenous teachers and teachers from other
social environments participate in the preparation of these materials. We could say
that this type of alternative proposals, in the case of education, are advanced, and
focused on the substantive part of teaching: the applicability of curricular content.
In contrast to this, we have the official discourse that proclaims the link between
curricular contents with the practical life of educational agents, a process that
rarely works. Ángel Díaz Barriga presents us, in the text “Evaluation of higher
education. Between compulsiveness and formalism”, a reflection on the evaluation
of higher education and the incentive and performance programs aimed at
academics. He highlights the lack of synchrony between the operation of these
programs and the logic of operation of the universities that participate in this public
policy; For example, in the case of programs that operate on an annual basis, it
does not matter that in some universities this coincides with the change of rector,
or the considerable time allocated to filling out the forms by academics. One of the
conclusions that he points out is that educational evaluation programs, due to their
pragmatic and instrumental, many times they become a straitjacket for universities
and their academics, to the extent that they operate with different logics. Some of
the transformations, as Roger Díaz de Cossio points out in “Necessary and
possible changes”, must take place around the reform of the curricular contents,
while the current curricular planning system presents a weakness insofar as, taking
Mexico, as a diverse geographic and social space, establishes homogeneous
study plans, originating various contradictions. In this sense, one of the proposals
is that the federation and the states can develop the contents of the courses
together, and that this planning is not only in the hands of experts, but also of
agents close to the educational process: parents' associations. family, teachers,
etc. Continuing with the theme of curricular planning and the degree of
centralization that educational institutions have, Gilberto Guevara Niebla reflects, in
the article entitled "Democracy and education", on the fact that curricular planning
is in charge of teachers of predominant form. He proposes that study plans not
only become a matter for teachers, to the extent that education is not a process
that is exhausted with work in the classroom; In view of this, he emphasizes the
importance of the participation of parents in said planning - not only as parents'
organizations, but as functional parts of the socialization process - and society in
general. This leads to a question that educational planning (study plans,
educational materials and calendars) continues to be in the hands of experts.
Etelvina Sandoval Flores highlights in "Basic education in Mexico" one of the
processes that makes inoperative, in most cases, the operation of all educational
levels. It happens that the basic education system operates with different logics
internally and externally; that is, within preschool, primary and secondary
education, we work with very different operating logics with regard to the continuity
of the curricular content and the relevance at each level of the same. As regards
the exterior, there is the greatest of the paradoxes: the normalistas are taught a
curriculum that, in many cases, does not turn out to be the one in force in schools;
As a result, teachers, when they begin their teaching practice, must make an effort
to adapt to the contents of the study plans that they did not review, but that,
nevertheless, are in full swing.
In “The education that I want. Vision of the teacher”, Ismael Vidales recovers the
experience that he has acquired over forty years in his work within the teaching
profession. Based on this, he elaborates a series of proposals aimed at changing
some of the practices of teacher unionism; He mainly advocates giving a different
meaning to the functions of the union so that it becomes a co-managerial union in
the substantive functions of education and ceases to be subject to the logic of
political patronage and patronage. In the field of the exercise of the profession, the
high number of administrative functions that a teacher must perform stands out,
which, from the outset, distorts his professional practice. On the other hand, he
questions the idea that with more computers the educational level will rise,
because in his opinion, the future of education is not based exclusively on the use
of these tools. These are just some of the articles that he considered to be of
special interest due to the seriousness in their treatment and the topicality of the
problems on which the authors reflect; Furthermore, they are characterized by the
degree of depth with which they are approached, which on more than one occasion
will leave the reader a matter to discuss. The subject matter of the articles is
stimulating for reflection in the educational field; It is seldom possible to find unified
reflections on the current problems of education in Mexico. Although it is true that
the book pretends to be a political agenda, insofar as 2006 - the year of its
publication - was an electoral year, it is striking that the orientation of the texts is
critical; In addition, most of the proposals are prepared based on the experience of
the authors themselves, among whom are officials from the field of education,
prominent researchers in the field of education, as well as teachers who have the
experience of working in the classroom. This is particularly interesting because
they are proposals derived from experience and scientific knowledge. The reader
who approaches this material will not find speculations about the work in education
and neither speculations that validate the ideas of common sense; Reading this
book will leave you with an overview of some of the problems in such a priority
issue as education in Mexico.
Glossary
Dropout: : to withdraw from participation or membership : QUIT
Reflection
I think that as students and teachers we still have a lot to learn. There are things
that are so simple but when we try to understand it, we all have different ways of
learning. It is also very difficult to try to translate something that we do not study at
all, in the same way when making a translation sometimes, we are not familiar with
technical words and with this we can support ourselves and to carry out future
translations.