Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
EM Theory
Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss’s Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors
and magnetic materials. Maxwell’s equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in
dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.
2. Electrical Materials
3. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoff’s Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and
applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady state response
for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function.
Resonant circuits. Threephase circuits. Two-port networks. Elements of two-element network
synthesis.
Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor and
energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance, Capacitance and
frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and
frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical
quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data
acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.
5. CONTROL SYSTEMS.
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and their
reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system. Errors for
different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-
Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the estimation of
gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of compensator design. State variable matrix and its use
in system modelling and design. Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the
samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of non-linear control
analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic components.
Paper 2
Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and
operation, leakage losses and efficiency.
B.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and
commutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and
speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency.
2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants.
Economics and operating factors.
Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow
studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit
analysis. ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis.
Transient and steady-state stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC
transmission.
Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET,
Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators
and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage
amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers,
coupling methods, push pull amplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits.
Multivibrators and flip-flops and their applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gates-
combination circuits for arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters,
registers, RAM and ROMs.
4. MICROPROCESSORS
5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations.
Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound
and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division
multiplexing, Telemetry system in power engineering.
6. POWER ELECTRONICS
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with
uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.
Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference
equations; State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application
to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and
superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis
and characterisation of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability, Correlation
functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.
4. Network theory
Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal
response; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen’s theorem. Two
port networks; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of
common two ports. Network functions : parts of network functions, obtaining a network function
from a given part. Transmission criteria : delay and rise time, Elmore’s and other definitions
effect of cascading. Elements of network synthesis.
5. Electromagnetic Theory
Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields; Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations; Boundary
value problems and their solutions; Maxwell’s equations; application to wave propagation in
bounded and unbounded media; Transmission lines : basic theory, standing waves, matching
applications, microstrip lines; Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.
Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and
parameters; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and
digital, comparison, characteristics, application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non
electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, humidity etc; basics of telemetry for industrial
use.
Paper 2
Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency
response. Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators.
Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp, PLL, other linear integrated circuits and applications.
Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.
2. Digital Electronic Circuits :
3. Control Systems :
Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and
sensitivity; Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase
margins: Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol’s Chart; Approximation of transient response from
Constant-N Nichol’s Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency
response; Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Industrial controllers.
4. Communication Systems :
Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling
and data reconstructions; Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division
multiplexing; Equalization; Optical Communication : in free space & fiber optic; Propagation of
signals at HF, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.
5. Microwave Engineering :
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides
and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Antennas,
Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation.
6. Computer Engineering :
Kirchoff's laws, mesh and nodal Analysis. Circuit theorems. One-port and two-port Network
Functions. Static and dynamic characteristics of Measurement Systems. Error and uncertainty
analysis. Statistical analysis of data and curve fitting.
Resistive, Capacitive, Inductive and piezoelectric transducers and their signal conditioning.
Measurement of displacement, velocity and acceleration (translational and rotational), force,
vibration and shock. Measurement of pressure, flow, temperature and liquid level. Measurement
of pH, conductivity, humidity, hydrazine, silica, dissolved O2. Units and standards of
measurement.
Analog Electronics:
Characteristics of diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits. Transistors at low and high
frequencies, Amplifiers, single and multi-stage. Feedback amplifiers. Operational amplifiers,
characteristics and circuit configurations. Instrumentation amplifier. Precision rectifier. V-to-I
and I-to-V converter. Op-Amp based active filters. Oscillators and signal generators. Voltage
stabiliser and regulator circuits. Inverter and converter circuits.
Digital Electronics:
Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families, TTL, MOS and
CMOS. Arithmetic circuits. Comparators, Schmitt trigger, timers and mono-stable multi-
vibrator. Sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters, shift registers. Multiplexer, S/H circuit. Analog-
to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converters. Basics of number system. Microprocessor
applications, memory and input-output interfacing. Microcontrollers.
Communications:
Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function,
autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle
modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne
receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low
noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital
communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation
(DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes
(ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error
calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM. Basic Network
topology and Net work hard wares. LAN / WAN configurations. UTP and OFC Links and
components. Serial and parallel communication, Shielding and grounding. IEEE standards and
broadband.
Feedback principles. Signal flow graphs. Transient Response, steady-state-errors. Routh and
Nyquist criteria. Bode plot, root loci. Time delay systems. Phase and gain margin. State space
representation of systems. Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components. Synchro
pair, servo and step motors. On-off, cascade, P, P-I, P-I-D, feed forward and derivative
controller, Fuzzy controllers. Multi-state variable and Adaptative controls. System modeling,
Digital controls, Distributed digital controls, control loops based on computers.
Mass spectrometry. UV, visible and IR spectrometry. X-ray and nuclear radiation measurements.
Optical sources and detectors, LED, laser, Photo-diode, photo-resistor and their characteristics.
Interferometers, applications in metrology.