1789 1811 Statutes at Large 201-400

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Citation: 1 Stat. 201 1789-1799
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FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. III. Cn. 15. 1791.
building, he or she shall forfeit and pay for so doing, one hundred
dollars.
SEc. 8. And be it further enacted, That within forty-eight hours Report to he
tors oftoimporta-
after any ship or vessel, having on board any distilled spirits brought in made inspec.
such ship or vessel from any foreign port or place, shall arrive within any tios of spirts;
port of the United States, whether the same be the first port of arrival of
such ship or vessel, or not, the master or person having the command or
charge thereof, shall report to one of the inspectors of the port at which
she shall so arrive, the place from which she, last sailed, with her name
and burthen, and the quantity and kinds of the said spirits on board of
her, and the casks, vessels or cases containing them, with their marks
and numbers; on pain of fcrfeiting the sum of five hundred dol!ars.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the collector or othLTr offi- which the col-
cer, or person acting as collector, with whom entry shall have been lector
made of any of the said spirits, pursuant to the act intituled "An act to 179Q, cl. 35.
provide more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed by law
on goods, wares and merchandises imported into the United States, and
on the tonnage of ships or vessels," shall forthwith after such entry ce?- shall certify and
tify and transmit the same, as particularly as it shall have been made send to the
in.
officer ofwhere
with him, to the proper officr of inspection, of the port where it shall spection
be intended to commence the delivery of the spirits so entered, or any the spirits shall
part thereof: for which purpose, every proprietor, imiporter or consignee, be delivered.
making such entry, shall deliver two manifests of the contents (upon
one of which the said certificate shall be given) and shall at the time
thereof declare the port at which the said delivery shall be so intended
to be commenced, to the collector or officer with whom the same shall
be made. And every permit granted by such collector, for the landing Endorsement
of any of the said spirits, shall previous to such landing, be produced on permits by
to the said officer of inspection, who shall make a minute in some pro- inspectors ne-
pr-cessary, Pre-
per book, of the contents thereof, and shall endorse thereupon the word ious to the
" INSPECTED," the time when, and his own name : after which he shall landing of it;
return it to the person by whom it shall have been produced; and then, and
and not otherwise it ghall be lawful to land the spirits therein specified;
and if the said spirits shall be-landed without such endorsement upon penalty on fail-
the permit for that purpose granted, the master or person having charge ore thereof.
of the ship or vessel from which the same shall have been so landed,
shall for every such offence forfeit the sum of five hundred dollars.
SEc. 10. And be it further enacted, That whenever it shall be intend. . Spirits bronght
ed that any ship or vessel shall proceed with the whole or any part of into one port,
the spirits which shall have been brought in such ship or vessel from sent to another
any foreign port or place, from one port in the United States to another in the United
port in the said United States, whether in the same or in different dis. States,
tricts, the master or person having the command or charge of such ship
or vessel, shall previous to her departure,. apply to the officer of inspec-
tion, to whom report was made, for the port firom which she is about to
depart, for a certificate of the quantity and particulars of such of the
said spirits as shall have been certified or reported to him to have been shall be so cer-
entered as imported in such ship or vessel, and of so much thereof as tiffed by an in-
shall appear to him to have been landed out of her at such port; which spector;
certificate the said officer shall forthwith grant. And the master or per- and penalty on
son having the command or charge of such ship or vessel, shall within masters
~sels of ves.
A , neglect-
twentv-four hours after her arrival at the port to which she shall be isg to comply
bound, deliver the said certificate to the proper officer of inspection of herewith
such last mentioned port. And if such ship or vessel shall proceed from
one port to another within the United States, with the whole or any part
of the spirits brought in her as aforesaid, without having first obtained
such certificate: or if within tw. ntv-four hours after her arrival at such
ether port,the said certificate shall not be delivered to the proper officer
of inspec-tion there, the master or person having the command or charge
VoL. .- 26t
HeinOnline -- 1 Stat. 201 1789-1799

FIRST CON'n1.,9S SEss. I1. Cm. 15. 1791.
of the said ship or vessel, shall in either case forfeit the sum of five bun-
and forfeiture of dred dollars; and the spirits on board of her at her said arrival, shall be
said spirits, forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of inspection.
Spirits im- SEc. 11. And be it further enacted, That all spirits which shall be
ported as afore- imported as aforesaid, shall be landed under the inspection of the officer
said how to be,
landed; or officers of inspection for the place where the same shall be landed,
and not otherwise, on pain of forfeiture thereof; for which purpose the
said officer or officers shall, at all reasonable times, attend: Provided,
that this shall not be construed to exclude the inspection of the officers
of the customs as now established and practised.
and duties of SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That the cfficers of inspection un-
officers of in- der whose survey any of the said spirits shall'be landed, shall upon land-
spection when
landed. ing thereof, and as soon as the casks, vessels and-cases containing the
same shall be gauged or measured, brand or otherwise mark in durable
characters the several casks, vessels or cases containing the same, with
progressive numbers; and also with the name of the ship or vessel
wherein the same was or were imported, and of the port of entry, and
with the proof and quantity thereof; together with such other marks,
if any other shall be deemed needful, as the respective supervisors of the
revenue may direct. And the said officer shall keep a book,wherein he
shall enter the name of each vessel in which any of the said spirits shall
be so imported, and of the port of entry and of delivery, and of the mas-
ter of such vessel, and of each importer, and the several casks, vessels
and cases containing the same, and the marks of each : and if such offi-
cer is not the chief inspector within the survey, he shall as soon as may
be thereafter, make an exact transcript of each entry, and deliver the
same to such chief officer, who shall keep a like book for recording the
said transcript.
Officer of in- SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That the chief officer of inspec-
gpection to cer. tion within whose survey any of the said spirits shall be landed, shall
tify the quantity gv ot
of spirits land- give to the proprietor, importer or consignee thereof, or his or her
ed, agent, a certificate to remain with him or her, of the whole quantity of
the said spirits which shall have been so landed; which certificate, be-
sides the said quantity, shall specify the name of such proprietor, im-
porter or consignee, and of the vessel from on board which the said
spirits shall have been landed, and of the marks of each cask, vessel or
which shall case containing the same. And the said officer shall deliver to the said
serve to 'how proprietor, importer or consignee, or to his or her agent, a like certifi-
the legality of
its importation, cate for each cask, vessel or case; which shall accompany the same
wheresoever it shall be sent, as evidence of its being lawfully imported.
and to make en- And the officer granting the said certificates, shall make regular and
tries thereof; exact entries in the book to be by him kept as aforesaid, of all spirits for
which the -same shall be granted, as particularly as therein described.
And the said proprietor, importer or consignee, or his or her agent,
-which upon the sale and delivery of any of the said spirits, shall deliver to the
certifi.
cates shall be purchaser eo purchasers thereof, the certificate or certificates which
delivered to
purchasers; o ought to accompany the -same; on pain of forfeiting the sum of fifty
penalty on fail. dollars, for each caski Xessel or case with which such certificate shall
ure thereof. not be delivered.
Dutieson spi. S Ec,,jl -And be it further enacted, That upon all spirits which after
titsdistillea me s-aidiast-y4_qf-Jsne next, shall be distilled within the United States,
within the _U.
stetea-rosm wholly or in part from molasses, s-gar, or other foreign materials, there
rirgn materials; shall be paid for their use the duties following; that is to sa3-For every
gallon of 'those spirits more than ten per cent. below proof, according to
Dicas's -hydrometer. eleven cents. For every gallon of those spirits un-
der five anu not-more- than ten per cent. below proof, according to the
same hydrometer, twelve cents. For every gallon of those spirits of
proof and not more than five per cent, below proof, according to the
same hydrometer, thirteen cents. .-For every gallon of those spirits

FIRST CONGRESS. Sxss. II. Cna 15. 1791. 203
above proof, and not exceeding twenty per cent., according to the same
hydrometer, fifteen cents. For every gallon of those spirits more than
twenty and not more than forty per cent. above proof, according to the
same hydrometer, twenty cents. For every gallon of those spirits more
than forty per cent. above proof, according to the same' hydrometer,
thirty cents.
SEC. 15. And be it further enacted, That upon all spirits which after and on those
the said last day of June next, shall be disijlled within the United States, clm
cles ; home art
from any article of the growth or produce of the United States, in any
city, town or village, there shall be paid for their use the duties follow-
ing; that is iosay-For every gallon of those spirits more than ten per
cent. below proof, according to Dicas's hydrometer, nine cets. For
every gallon of those spirits under five and not more than ten per cent.
below proof, according to the same hydrometer, ten cents. For every
gallon of those spirits of proof, and not more than five per cent. below
proof, according to the same hydrometer, eleven cents. For every gal-
lon of those spirits above proof, but not exceeding twenty per cent.,
according to the same hydrometer, thirteen cents. For every gallon of
those spirits more than twenty and not more than forty per cent. above
proof, according to the same. hydrometer, seventeen cents. For every
gallon of those spirits more than forty per cent. above proof, according
to the same hydrometer, twenty-five cents.
• SEc. 16. And be it further enacted, That the said duties on spirits how to be col-
distilled within the United States, shall be collected under the manage- lected.
merit of the supervisors of the revenue.
SEC. 17. And be it further enacted, That the said duties on spirits Duties on at-
distilled within the United States, shall be paid or secured previous to rits distilled
within the U.
the removal thereof from the distilleries at which they are respectively States, how to
made. And it shall be-at the option of the proprietor or proprietors of be secure'd
each distillery, or of his, her or their agent having the superintendence
thereof, either to pay the said duties previous to such removal, with an
abatement at the rate of two cents for every ten gallons, or to secure the
payment of the same, by giving bond quarter-yearly, with one or more
sureties, to the satisfaction of the chief officer of inspection within whose
survey such distillery shall be, and in.such sum as the said officer shall
direct, with condition for the payment of the duties upon all such of the and paid.
said spirits as shall be removed from such distillery, within three months
next ensuing the date of the bond, at the expiration of nine months from
the said date.
SEC. IS. And be it further enacted, That the supervisor of each dis- Supervisors to
trict shall appoint, proper officers to have the charge and survey of the toat officers
distilleries within the same, assigning to each, one or more distilleries tilleries.
as he may think proper, who shall attend such distillery at all reasonable
times, for the execution of the duties by this act enjoined on him.
Src,. 19. And be itfurther enacted, That previous to the removal of Casks to be
the said spirits from any distillery, the officer within whose charge and branded and
- gauged before a
survey the same may be, shall brand or otherwise mark each cask con- removal there-
taining the same, in durable characters, and with progressive numbers, from,
and with the name of the acting owner or other manager of such distil-
lery, and of the place where the same was situate, and with the quantity
therein, to be ascertained by actual gauging, and with the proof thereof.
And the duties thereupon having been first paid, or secured, as above and so certified
provided, the said officer shall grant a certificate for each cask of the bydsaid officer,
entered in a
said spirits, to accompany the same wheresoever it shall be sent, purport- book accord-
ing that the duty thereon hath been paid or secured, as the case may be, ingly.
and describing each cask by its marks; and shall enter in a book for
that purpose to be kept, all the spirits distilled at such distillery, and
removed from the same; and the marks of each cask, and the persons
for whose use, and the places to which removed and the time of each

204 FILtST CONGtnuSS. SEss. III. Cit. 15. 1791.
removal, and the amount of the duties on the spirits so removed. And
Forfeiture for if any of the said spirits shall be removed from any such distillery with-
removing spirits out having been branded or marked as aforesaid, or without such certifi-
without such
certificates, and cate as aforesaid, the same, together with the cask or casks containing,
and the horses or cattle, with the carriages, their harness and tackling,
and the vessel or boat with its tackle and apparel employed in removing
them, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of inspection.
And the superintendent or manager of such distillery, shall also forfeit
the full value of the spirits so removed, to be computed at the highest
price of the like spirits in the market.
for removing Sre. 20. And be it further enacted, That no spirits shall be removd
spirits from dis. from any such distillery at any other times than between sun rising and
tilleries without
authority, sun setting, except by consent and in presence of the officer having the
charge and survey thereof, on pain of forfeiture of such spirits, or of the
vdue thereof at the highest price in the market, to be recovered with
costs of suit from the acting owner or manager of such distillery.
Duty on pri. Sac. 21. And be it further enacted, That upon stills which after the
vate stills, last day of June next, shall be employed in distilling spirits from
materials of the growth or production of the United States, in any other
place than a city, town or village, there shall be paid for the use of the
United States, the yearly duty of sixty cents for every gallon, Eriglish
wine-measure, of the capacity or content of each and every such still,
including the head thereof:
Evidence of SEc. 22. And be it further enacted, That the evidence of the employ-
their employ. ment of the said stills shall be, their being erected in stone, brick or
ment; some other manner whereby they shall be in a condition to be worked.
how it is to be SEc. 023. And be it further enacted, That the said duties on stills
collected ; and shall be collected under the management of the supervisor in each dis-
trict, who shall appoint and assign proper officers for the surveys of the
said stills and the admeasurement thereof, and the collection of the
duties thereupon; and the said duties shall be paid half-yearly, within
the first fifteen days of January and July, upon demand of the proprie-
tor or proprietors of each still, at his, her or their dwelling, by the proper
what to be done officer charged with the survey thereof: And in case of refusal or neglect
in case of refu. to pay, the amount of the duties so refused or neglected to be paid, may
sal to pay it. either be recovered with costs of suit in an action of debt in the name
of the supervisor of the district, within which such refusal shall happen,
for the use of the United States, or may be levied by distress and sale
of goods of the person or persons refusing or neglecting to pay, render-
ing the overplus (if any there be after payment of the said amount and
the charges of distress and sale) to the said person or persons.
Proprietors of SEC. 24. And be it further enacted, That if the proprietor of any
stills to have a such still, finding himself or herself aggrieved by the said rates, shall
right to keep an
account of the enter or cause to be entered in a book to be kept for that purpose, from
quantity they day to day when such still shall be employed, the quantity of spirits
distil, distilled therefrom, and the quantity from time to time sold or otherwise
disposed of, and to whom and when, and shall produce the said book to
the officer of inspection within whose survey such still shall be, and
shall make oath or affirmation that the same doth contain to the best of
his or her knowledge and belief, true entries made at their respective
dates, of all the spirits distilled within the time to which such entries
shall relate, from such still, and of the disposition thereof; and shall
also declare upon such oath or affirmation, the quantity of such spirits
then remaining on hand, it shall be lawful in every such case for the
which shall fur- said officer to whom the said book shall be produced, and he is hereby
nish a rule
whereby the diu- required to estimate the duties upon such still, according to the quantity
ties may be eq-so stated to have been actually made therefrom at the rate of nine cents
timated. per gallon, which, and no more, shall be paid for the same: Provied,
That if the said entries shall be made by any person other than tLe

FIRST CONGRESS. Sass. II.-CH. 15. 1791.
said proprietor, a like oath or affirmation shall be made by such

person.
And the more effectually to prevent the evasion of the duties hereby
imposed on spirits distilled within the United States,
Sac. 25. Be it further enacted, That every person who shall be a Distillers to
maker or distiller of spirits from molasses, sugar or other foreign mate, place their oc-
rials, or from materials the growth and production of the United States, cupationsonthe
outside of their
shall write or paint, or cause to be written or painted upon some con- distilleries;
spicuous part outside and in front of each house or other building or
place made use of, or intended to be made use of by him or her for the
distillation or keeping of spirituous liquors, and upon the door or usual
entrance of each vault, cellar or apartment within the same, in which
any of the said liquors shall be at any time by him or her distilled, de-
posited or kept, or intended so to be, the words "Distiller of Spirits ;"
and every such distiller shall within three days before he or she shall and furnish the
begin to distil therein, make a particular entry in writing, at the near- nspecor with
est office of inspection, if within ten miles thereof, of every such house, their buildings,
building or place, and of each vault, cellar and apartment within the, &c.;
same, in which he or she shall intend to carry on the business of distill-
ing, or to keep any spirits by him or her distilled. And if any such
distiller shall omit to paint or write, or cause to be painted or written
the words aforesaid, in manner aforesaid, upon any such house or
other building or place, or vault, cellar or apartment thereof, or shall,
in case the same be situate within the said distance of ten miles of any
office of inspection, omit to make entry thereof as aforesaid, such distil- penalty in case
ler shall, for every such omission or neglect, forfeit one hundred dollars, of neglect
there-
and all the spirits which he or she shall keep therein, or the value
thereof.
of, to be computed at the highest price of such spirits iff-the market;

to be recowered by action, with costs of suit, in any court proper to try
the same, in the name of the supervisor of the district within which
such omission or neglect or omission shall be, for the use of the United
States: Provided always, and be it futrther enacted, That the said entry When the
to be made by persons who shall be distillers of. spirits, on the first day entry is to be
of July next, shall be made on that day, or within three days thereafter, furnshed, and
accompanied (except where the duties hereby imposed are charged on
the still) with a true and particular account or inventory of the spirits,
on that day and at the time, in every or any house, building or place by
him or her efitered; and of the casks, cases and vessels containing the
same, with their marks and numbers, and the quantities and qualities
of the spirits therein contained, on pain of forfeiting for neglect to make forfeiture in
such entry, or to deliver such account, the sum of one hundred dollars, case of neglect.
and all the spirits by him or her had or kept in any such house, building
or place: to be recovered as aforesaid.
Sac. 26. And be it funrther enacted, That the supervisor of the re- Supervisors to
venue for the district wherein any house, building or place shall be situ- inspect by en-
tering buildings,
ate, whereof entry shall be made as last aforesaid, shall as soon as may &e.
be thereafter, visit and inspect, or cause to be visited and inspected by
some proper officer or officers of inspection, every such house or other
building or place within his district, and shall take or cause to be taken, and take an ac-
an exact account of the spirits therein respectively contained, and shall count of thespi-
- rits therein, and
mark or cause to be marked in durable characters, the several casks, brand the cansks;
cases or vessels containing the same, with progressive numbers, and also
with the name of each distiller to whom the same may belong, or in
whose custody the same may be, and ihe quantities, kinds and proofs of
.spirits therein contained, and these words, "Old Stock." And the in- an entry of
spector of each survey shall keep ya book, wherein he, shall enter the which
made byshall b
the ih-
name of every distiller, and the particulars of such old stock in the pos- pectorh
session of each, designating the several casks, cases and vessels contain-
ing the same, and their respective quantities, kinds, proofs and marks,
S

FIRST CONGRESS. Szss. 111. Cn. 15._ 1791.
and a certificate and shall also give a certificate to every such distiller of the quantity and
giventothepro- particulars of such old stock in his or her possession, and a separate
prietor. certificate for each cask, case or vessel describing the same, which cer-
tificate shall accompany the same wheresoever it shall be sent, and such
distiller, his or her agent or manager, upon the sale and delivery of any
of the said spirits shall deliver to the purchaser or purchasers thereof,
the certificatesor certificates that ought to accompany the same, on pain
of forfeiting fifty dollars for each cask, case or vessel, with which such
certificate shall not be delivered.
Importers of SEc. 27. And be it fiurther enacted, That every importer of distilled
distilled spirits spirits, who, on the first day of July next, shall have in his or her pos-
when to make
entry thereof, session any distilled spirits, shall, within three days thereafter, make due
and duty of the entry thereof with the officer of inspection within whose survey the same
inspectors shall then be; who shall mark the casks, vessels or cases containing such
thereupon; spirits, in like manner as is herein before directed touching such spirits
as shall be in the possession of distillers on the first day of July next,
and shall grant the like certificates therefor as for such spirits, which
certificates shall accompany the respective casks, cases and vessels to
which they shall relate, wheresoever they shall be sent, and such im-
porter, his or her agent, upon the sale and delivery of any of the said
spirits, shall deliver to the purchaser or purchasers thereof the certificate
or certificates which ought to accompany the same, on pain of forfeiting
fifty dollars for each cask, case or vessel with which such certificate shall
penalty f'or ne- not be delivered. And if any suelr importer or importers shall refuse
glectingto make or neglect to make such entry at the time and in the manner herein di-
su-h entries, rected, all such spirits as shall not be so entered shall be forfeited, and
the importer or importers in whose custody the same shall be found,
shall moreover forfeit the sum equal to the full value thereof, according
to the highest price of such spirits in the market.
Distilled spi- SEC. 28. And be it further enacted, That if any cask, case, or vessel
rits not branded containing distilled spirits, which by the foregoing provisions of this act,
nor accompa. ought to be marked and accompanied with a certificate, shall be found
nied by a cer-
tificate, in the possession of any person unaccompanied with such marks and
certificate, it shall be presumptive evidence that the same are liable to
liable to f'orfei- forfeiture, and it shall be layfil for any officer of inspection to seize
tare. them as forfeited; and if, upon the trial in consequence of such sei-
zure, the owner or claimant of the spirits seized, shall not prove that
the same were imported into the United States according to law, or
were distilled as mentioned in the thirteenth and fourteenth sections of
this act, and the duties thereupon paid, or were distilled at one of the
stills mentioned in the twentieth section of this act, they shall be ad-
judged to be forfeited.
SEc. 209. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the
officers of inspection of each survey at all times in the daytime, upon
request, to enter into all and every the houses, store-houses, ware-houses,
buildings and places which shall have been entered in manner aforesaid,
and by tasting, gauging or otherwise, to take an account of the quantity,
kinds and proofs of the said spirits therein contained; and also to take
samples thereof, paying for the same the usual price.
Penalty for de- SEc. 30. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons
facing marks on shall rub out or deface any of the marks set upon any cask, vessel or
vessels.
case pursuant to the directions of this act, such person or persons shall,
for every such offence, forfeit and pay the sum 'of one hundred dollars.
No vessels SEc. 31. And be it further enacted, That no cask, barrel, keg, vessel
marked to be or case, marked as "Old Stock," shall be made use of by any distiller
used f'or other
spirits, of spirits, for putting or keeping therein any spirits other than those
which were contained therein when so marked, on pain of forfeiting
the sum of one hundred dollars for every cask, barrel, keg, vessel or
case wherein any such spirits shall be so put or kept; neither shall any

FIRST CONGRESS. Sss. III. CH. 15. 1791.
such distiller have or keep any distilled spirits in any such cask, barrel, How long li.
keg, vessel or case, longer than for the space of one year from the said quors shall be
last day of June next, on pain of forfeiting the said spirits: Provided,
That nothing in this section contained shall be construed to extend to Proviso incase
casks or vessels, capable of containing two hundred gallons and upwards, of certain yes.
sels.
and which are not intended to be removed.
Sac. 32. And be it further enacted, That in case any of the said Spirits fraudu.
spirits shall be fraudulently deposited, hid or concealed in any place ed to beconceal-
lently fortfeit-
whatsoever, with intent to evade the duties thereby imposed upon them, edo.
they shall be forfeited. And for -the better discovery of any such spirits
so fraudulently deposited, hid or concealed, it shall be lawful for any
judge of any court of the United States, or either of them, or for any
justice of the peace, upon reasonable cause of suspicion, to be made
out to the satisfaction of such judge or justice, by the oath or affirma- Suspected
tion of any person or persons, by special warrant or warrants under places to be
srched by
their respective hands and seals, to authorize any of the officers of warranto
inspection, by day, in the presence of a constable or other officer of the judge or justice
peace, to eater into all and every such place or places in which any of of the peace.
the said spirits shall be suspected to be so fraudulently deposited, hid or
concealed, and to seize and carry away any of the said spirits which
shall be there found so fraudulentlv deposited, hid or concealed, as for-
feited.
Sac. 33. And be it further enacted, That after the last day of June Spirituous li-
next, no spirituous liquors except gin or cordials in cases, jugs or bottles, quorsexceptgin
or cordials in
shall be brought from any foreign port or place, in casks of less capacity certaioes.
than fifty gallons at the least, on pain of forfeiting of the said spirits, and selsto be for-
of the ship or vessel in which they shall be brought: Provided always, feited.
That nothing in this act contained shall be construed to forfeit any Proviso.
spirits for being imported or brought into the Uiited States, in other
casks or vessels than as aforesaid, or the ship or vessel in which they
shall be brought, if such spirits shall be for the use of the seamen on
board such ship or vessel, and shall not exceed the quantity of four gal-
lons for each seaman.
Sac. 34. And be it-further enacted, That in every case in which any .Forfeitire of
of the said spirits shall be forfeited by virtue of this act, the casks, yes- casks,
and vessels
cases.
sels and cases containing the same, shall also be forfeited.
Sac. 35. And be it further enacted, That every distiller of spirits, on Distllers to
which the duty is hereby charged by the gallon, shall keep or cause to make entries of
the kinds and
be kept, an exact account of the said spirits, which he or she shall sell, quantity of spi-
send out or distil, distinguishing their several kinds and proofs; and rits.
shall every day make a just and true entry in a book, to be kept for that
purpose, of the quantities and particulars of the said spirits by him or
her sold, sent out or distilled on the preceding day; specifying the
marks of the several casks in which they shall be so sold or sent out,
and the person to whom and for whose use they shall be so sold or sent
out : which said books shall be prepasred for the making such entries, To be exam-
and shall be delivered upon demand, to the said distillers, by the super- hed by officers
visors of the revenue of the several districts, or by such person or per- of ispection
sons as they shall respectively for that purpose appoint, and shall be
severally returned or delivered at the end of each year, or when the
same shall be respectively filled up, (which shall first happen) to the
proper officers of inspection; and the truth of the entries made therein
shall be verified, upon the oath or affirmation of the person by whom
those entries shalt hav2 been made, and as often as the said books shall
be furnished upon like demand by the proper officers of inspection, to
the said distillers respectively. And the said books shall from time to
time while in the possession of the said distillers, lie open for the inspec-
tion of, and upon request shall be shown to the proper officers of inspec-
tion under whose survey the said distillers shall respectively be, who

208 FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. III. CH. 15. 1791.
may take such minutes, memorandums, or transcripts thereof, as they

to keep
penalty for re- may think fit. And if any such distiller shall neglect or refuse
insal or neglect. such book or books, or to make such entries therein, or to show the
same upon request, to the proper officer of inspection, or not return the
same according to the directions of this act, he or she shall forfeit for
every such refusal or neglect, the sum of one hundred dollars.
Penalties im- SEC. 36. And be it further enacted, That the penalties by this act
posed by this imposed on distillers for neglecting to make report to the inspectors, of
act, their intentions of distilling spirits, or for neglecting to mark the houses,
to enter in books
not to extend in apartments or vessels to be employed, or for neglecting
certain cases, the quantity of spirits distilled, shall not extend to any person who shall
employ one still only, and that of a capacity not exceeding fifty gallons,
including the still-head.
Proof of spi- SEC. 37. And be it further enacted, That the several kinds of proof
rits how distin- herein before specified
-.. shall, in marking the casks, vessels and cases
gu1ished.
containing any distilled spirits, be distinguished, corresponding with the
order in which they are mentioned, by the words "FIRST PROOF"-
" SECOND PROOF"-" THIRD PROOF"-" FOURTH PROOF"-" FIFTH PROOF"
Treasury of PROOF." And that it be the duty of the Secretary of the
theSecretary to -,,SIXTH
and of the
provide instru- Treasury, to provide and furnish to the officers of inspection
inents for ascer- customs, proper instruments for ascertaining the said several proofs.
taining them. SEC. 38. And be it further enacted, That in any prosecution or action
Proceedings in of inspec-
case of seizures whieb may be brought against any supervisor or other officer
by officers of tion, for any seizure by him made, it shall be necssary for such super-
inspection. visor or officer to justify himself by making it appear that there was
probable cause for making the said seizure; upon which, and not other-
wise, a verdict shall pass in his favour. And in any such action or
prosecution, or in any action or prosecution which may be brought
against such supervisor or other officer, for irregular or improper con-
duct in the execution of his duty, the trial shall be by jury. And in any
action for a seizure, in which a verdict shall pass for such officer, the
jury shall nevertheless assess reasonable damages for any prejudice or
waste (according to the true amount in value thereof) which shall be
shown by good proof to have happened to the spirits seized, in conse-
quence of such seizure; and also for the detention of the same, at the
rate of six per cent. per annum, on the true value of the said spirits at
the time of such seizure, from that time to the time of restoration thereof;
which shall be paid out of the treasury of the United States: Provided,
Damages for That no damages shall be assessed when the seizure of was made for want
want of proper
certificates, or of the proper certificate or certificates, or by reason a refusal to show
negligence, to any officer of inspection, upon his request, the spirits in any entered
be sustained by house, building or place: And provided also, That if it shall appear
the officers. from the verdict of the jury, that any such prejudice or waste was sus-
tained by the negligence of the officer, he shall be responsible therefor
to the United States.
or other
Penalty on su- SEC. 39. And be it further enacted, That if any supervisor
in any criminal prosecution against him, shall be
pervisors, &c. officer of inspection, of his office, lie
convicted ofop- convicted of oppression or extortion in the execution
pression or ex. shall be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not ex-
ceeding six months, or both, at the discretion of the court; and shall
also forfeit his office.
No fees to be SEC. 40. And be it further enacted, That no fee shall be taken for
taken for cer- any certificate to be issued or granted pursuant to this act. said supervi-
tificates grant- SEC. 41. And be it further enated, That if any of the
ed.
any of the
Penalty on of. sors or other officers of inspection, shall neglect to perform to
ficers for ne- duties hereby enjoined upon them respectively, according the true
glert of duty. intent and meaniqg of this act, whereby any person or persons shall be
injured or suffer damage, such person or persons shall and may have an
action founded upon this act, against such supervisors or other officers,

FIRST CONGRESS. Sass. IIL Cu. 15.' 1791.
and shall recover full damages for the same, together with costs of
suit.
SEC. 42. And be it further enacted, That any action or suit to be Proceedings
brought against any person or persons, for any thing by him or them in case of suits,
and when to be
done inpursuance of this act, shall be commenced within three months commenced.
next after the matter or thing done, and unless brought in a court of
the United States, shall be laid in the county in which the cause of
action shall have arisen; and the defendant or defendants in any such
action or suit, may plead the general issue, and on-the trial thereof give
this act and the special matter, in evidence; and if a verdict shall pass
for the defendant or defendants, or the plaintiff or plaintiffs become non-
suited, or discontinue his, her or their action or prosecution, or judg-
ment shall be given against such plaintiff or plaintiffs, upon demurrer
or otherwise, then such defendant or defendants shall have costs award-
ed to him, her or them, against such plaintiff or plaintiffs.
And in order that persons who may'have incurred any of the penal-
ties of this act, without wilful negligence or intention of fraud, may be
relieved from such penalties,
SEc. 43. Be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of
judge of the district within which such penalty or forfeiture shall have the Treasury
authorized So
been incurred, at any time within one year after the last day of June mitigate or re.
next, upon petition of the party who shall have incurred the same, to mit forfeitures
inquire in a summary way into the circumstances of the case, first caus- and penalties in
certain cases.
ing reasonable notice to be given to the person or persons claiming such
penalty or forfaiture, and to the attorney of such district; to the end
that each may have an opportunity of showing cause against the miti-
gation or remission thereof; and shall cause the facts which shall appear
upon such inquiry, to be stated and annexed to the petition, and direct
their transmission to the secretary of the treasury -of the United States,
who shall thereupon have power to mitigate or remit such penalty or
forfeiture, if it shall appear to him that such penalty or forfeiture was
incurred without wilful negligence, or any design or intention of fraud,
and to cause any spirits which may have been seized to be restored to
the proprietor or proprietors, upon such terms and conditions as shall
appear to him reasonable.
SEC. 44. And be it further enacted, That the one half of all penalties Appropriation
of forfeitures
and forfeitures incurred by virtue of this act, except as above provided, and penalties.
shall be for the benefit of the person or persons who shall make a seizure,
or who shall first discover the matter or thing whereby the same shall
have been incurred; and the other half to the use of the United States.
And such penalty and forfeiture shall be recoverable with costs of suit,
by action of debt, in the name of the person or persons intitled thereto,
or by information, in the name of the United States of America; and
it shall be the duty of the attorney of the district wherein any such
penalty or forfeiture may have been incurred, upon application to him,
to institute or bring such information accordingly: Provided always,
That no officer of inspection other than chief officer, or officers of a
survey, shall be intitled to the benefit of any forfeiture unless notice of
the seizure by him made, shall be by him given within forty-eight hours
next after such seizure, to the said chief officer or officers; but in
such case the United States shall have the entire benefit of such for-
feiture.
SEc. 45. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons Punishment
shall counterfeit or forge, or cause to be counterfeited or forged any of of persons con-
victed of coun.
the certificates herein before directed to be given, or shall knowingly or terfeiting certi-
willingly accept or receive any false or untrue certificate with any of ficates.
the said spirits, or shall fraudulently alter or erase any such certificate
after the same shall be given, or knowingly or willingly publish or make
use of such certificate so counterfeited, forged, false, untrue, altered or
Voi,. I.-27 s2

210 FIRST CONGRESS. SESs. III. Ca. 15. 1791.
erased, every person so offending, shall, for each and every. offence, for-
feit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars.
Persons con. SEC. 46. And be it further enacted, That any person or persons
oath or of
victed false
afirrna- that shall be convicted of wilfully taking a false oath or affirmation, in
t'on, how to be any of the cases in which oaths or affirmations are required to be taken
punished. by virtue of this act, shall be liable to the pains and penalties to which
persons are liable for wilful and corrupt perjury.
Penalty for SEC. 47. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons
offering bribes shall give, or offer to give any bribe, recompense or reward whatsoever,
to officers of
revenue, to any supervisor or other officer of inspection of the revenue, in order
to corrupt, persuade or prevail upon such officer, either to do any act
or acts contrary to his duty in the execution of this act, or to neglect
or omit to do any act or thing which he ought to do in the execution
of this act, or to connive at or to conceal any fraud or frauds relating
to the duties hereby imposed on any of the said spirits, or not to dis-
cover the same, every such person or persons, shall for such offence,
whether the same offer or proposal be accepted or not, forfeit and pay a
sum not exceeding five hundred dollars.
and forcibly-ob- SEC. 48. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons
structing them
in the execution shall forcibly obstruct or hinder any supervisor or other officer of inspec-
of their duty. tion, in the execution of this act or of any of the powers or authorities
hereby vested in him, or shall forcibly rescue or cause to be rescued,
any of the said spirits after the same shall have been seized by any such
supervisor or other officer, or shall attempt or endeavor so to do, all
and every person and persons so offending, shall, for every such offence,
for which no other penalty is particularly provided by this act, forfeit
and pay a sum not exceeding two hundred dollars.
Supervisors SEC. 49. And be it further enacted, That if any such supervisor or
entering into other officer, shall enter into any collusion with any person or persons
clusion, faise
marking any for violating or evading. any of the provisions of this act, or the duties
casks or yes- hereby imposed, or shall fradulently concur in the delivery of any of the
sels, or embez.
Zlingpubtic tao- said spirits, out of any house, building or place, wherein the same are
ney, how to be deposited, without payment or security for the payment of the duties
punished. thereupon, or shall falsely or fraudulently mark any cask, case or vessel,
contrary to any of the said provisions, or shall embezzle the public
money or 9 therwise" be guilty of fraud in his office, such supervisor or
other officer shall for every such offence forfeit the sum of one thousand
dollars, and upon conviction of any of the said offences, shall forfeit his
office, and shall be disqualified for holding any other office under the
United States.
Supervisors SEc. 50. And be it further enacted, That in every case in which an
ma a minister oath or affirmation is required by virtue of this act, it shall be lawful for
oath or affirma.
tion, and the supervisors of the revenue, or any of them, or their lawful deputy,
or the lawful deputy of one of them, where not more than one in a
powers vested district, to administer and take such oath or affirmation. And that
in majority: wherever there are more than one supervisor for one district, a majority
of them may execute all and any of the powers and au'thorities hereby
vested in the supervisors of the revenue: Provided, Tiiat this shall not
not to extend to be construed to make a majority necessary in any case in which, accord-
cat,'i where the
authoity ought ing to the nature of the appointment or service, and the true intent of
to be several, this act, the authority is or ought to be several.
And for the encouragement of the export trade of the United States:
Allowance to SEc. 51. Be it further enacted, That if any of the said spirits (where-
exportera, upon any of the duties imposed by this act shall have been paid or
secured to be paid) shall, after the last day of June next, be exported
from the United States to any foreign port or place, there shall be an
allowance to the exporter or exporters thereof, by way of drawback,
equal to the duties thereupon, according to the rates in each case by this
act imposed, deducting therefrom half a cent per gallon, and adding to

FIRST CONGRESS. SESS. II. CH. 15. 1791.
the allowance upon spirits distilled within the United States, from
molasses, which shall be so exported, three cents per gallon, as an
equivalent for the duty laid upon molasses by the said act making further
provision for the payment of the debts of the United States: Provided
always, That the said allowance shall not be made, unless the said ex- under what re-
porter or exporters shall observe the regulations herein after prescribed: striCtions.
And provided further, That nothing herein contained shall be construed
to alter the provisions in the said former act, concerning drawbacks or
allowances, in nature thereof, upon spirits imported prior to the first day
of July next.
SEc. 52. And be it further enacted, That in order to intitle the said Proceedings
exporter or exporters to the benefit of the said allowances, he, she or to obtain draw.
back, or allow-
they shall, previous to putting or lading any of the said spirits on board ance on export-
of any ship or vessel for exportation, give twenty-four hours' notice at ation.
the least, to the proper officer of inspection of the port from which the
said spirits shall be intended to be exported, of his, her or their inten-
tion to export the same, and of the number.of casks, vessels and cases,
or either of them, containing the said spirits so intended to be exported,
and of the respective marks thereof, and of the place or places where
the said spirits shall be then deposited, and of the place to which, and ship
or vessel inwhich they shall be so intended to be exported. Where-
upon it shall be the duty of the said officer to inspect, by himself or
deputy, the casks, vessels and cases so noticed for exportation, and the
quantities, kinds and proofs of the spirits therein, together with the cer-
tificates which ought to accompany the same according to the directions
of this act, which shall be produced to him for that purpose; and if he
shall find that the said casks, vessels and cases have the proper mark§
according to the directions of this act, and that the spirits therein cor-
respond with the said certificates, he shall thereupon brand each cask,
vessel or case with the word " Exportation :" and the said spirits shall,
after such inspection, be laden on board the same ship or vessel, of which
notice shall have been given, and in the presence of the same officer who
shall have examined the same, and whose duty it shall be to attend for
that purpose. And after the said spirits shall he laden on board such
ship or vessel, the certificates aforesaid shall be delivered to the said
officer, who shall certify to the collector of the said district, the amount
and particulars of the spirits so exported, and shall also deliver the said
certificates which shall have been by him received, to the said col-
lector, which shall be a voucher to him, for payment of the said allow-
ance.
SEc. 53. Provided nevertheless, and be it further enacted, That the Upon what
said allowance shall not be made, unless the said exporter or exporters proofthe allow-
ance shall be
shall make oath, or affirmation, that the said spirits so noticed for ex- made,
portation, and laden on board such ship or vessel, are truly intended to
be exported to the place whereof notice shall have been given, and are
not intended to be relanded within the United States; and that he or
she doth verily believe that the duties thereupon charged by this- act,
have been duly paid, or secured to be paid; and shall also give bond to
the collector, with two sureties, one of whom shall be the master, or
other person having the command or charge of the ship or vessel in
which the said spirits shall be intended to be exported.; the other, such
sufficient person as shall be approved by the said collector, in the full
value in the judgment of the said collector, of the said spirits so in-
tended to be exported, with condition that the said spirits (the dangers
of the seas and enemies excepted) shall be really and truly exported
to, and landed in some port or place without the limits of the
United States, and that the said spirits shall not be unshipped from on
board of the said ship or vessel, whereupon the same shall have been
laden for exportation, within the said limits, or any ports or harbors of

212 FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. III. CH. 15. 1791.
the United States, or relanded in any other part of the same (shipwreck
or other unavoidable accident excepted).
and when paid. SEc. 54. Providedalso, and be it further enacted, That the said allow-
ance shall not be paid until six months after the said spirits shall have
been so exported: And provided also, That whenever the owner of any
ship or vessel, on board of which any such spirits are laden for exporta-
tion, shall make known to the collector, previous to the departure of
such ship or vessel from the port where such spirits are laden, that such
ship or vessel is not going to proceed the voyage intended or the voyage
is altered, it shall be lawful for the collector to grant a permit for the
relanding the same.
Forfeiture SEc. 55. And be it further enacted, That if any of the said spirits,
where spirits after the same shall have been shipped for exportation, shall be un-
shipped for ex-
portation shall shipped for any purpose whatever, either within the limits of any part
be relanded of the United States, or within four leagues of the coast thereof, or shall
within United be relanded within the United States, from on board the ship or vessel
States, except-
ing in certain wherein the same shall have been laden for exportation, unless the
cases, voyage shall not be proceeded on, or shall be altered as aforesaid, or
unless in case of necessity or distress to save the ship and goods flor
perishing, which shall be immediately made known to the principal offi-
cer of the customs, residing at the port nearest to which such ship or
vessel shall be at the time such necessity or distress shall arise, then not
only the spirits so unshipped, together with the casks, vessels and cases
containing the same, but also the ship or vessel in or on board which
the same shall have been so shipped or laden, together with her guns,
furniture, ammunition, tackle and apparel; and also the ship, vessel or
boat into which the said spirits shall be unshipped or put, after the un-
shipping thereof, together with her guns, furniture, ammunition, tackle
and apparel, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of the
customs, or of inspection.
On spirits ex- Svc. 56. And be it further enacted, That the said allowance shall
ported in other not be made when the said spirits shall be exported in any other than a
vessel of 30 ship or vessel of the burthen of thirty tons and upwards, to be ascertained
tons and up- to the satisfaction of the collector of the district from which the same
wards, allow-
ance not to be
shall be intended to be exported.
made. SEc. 57. And be it further enacted, That the bonds to be given as
When bonds aforesaid, shall and may he discharged by producing within one year
may be dis- from the respective dates thereof (if the same be shipped to any part of
charged, and
under certain Europe or America, and within two years if shipped to any part of Asia
proofs; or Africa, and if the delivery of the spirits in respect to which the same
shall have been given, be at any place where a consul or other agent of
the United States resides) a certificate of such consul or agent, or if
there be no such consul or agent, then a certificate of any two -nown
and reputable American merchants, residing at the said place; and if
there be not two such merchants residing at the said place, then a cer-
tificate of any other two reputable merchants, testifying the delivery of
the said spirits at the said place. Which certificate shall in each ease
be confirmed by the oath or affirmation of the master and mate, or other
like officer of the vessel in which the said spirits shall have been ex-
ported; and when such certificate shall be from any other than a con-
sul or agent, or merchants of the United States, it shall be a part of the
said oath or affirmation, that there were not upon diligent inquiry, to-be
found two merchants of the United States at the said place: Provided
always, That in the case of death, the oath or affirmation of the party
dying, shall not be deemed necessary: And providedfurther, That the
said oath or affirmation, taken before the chief civil magistrate or the
place of the said delivery, and certified under his hand and seal, shall
be of the same validity as if taken before a person qualified to adminis-
ter oaths within the United States; or such bonds shall and may be dis-

FIRST CONGRESS. Snss. III. Cm. 15. 1791.
charged upon proof that the spirits so exported, were taken by enemies
or perished in the sea, or destroyed by fire; the examination and proof
of the same being left to the judgment of the collector of the customs,
naval officer, and chief officer of inspection, or any two of them, of the
place from which such spirits shall have been exported. And in cases
where the certificates herein directed cannot be obtained, the exporter
or exporters of such spirits, shall nevertheless be permitted to offer such
other proof as to the delivery of the said spirits, without the limits of the
United States, as he or they may have; and if the same shall be deemed to be referred to
sufficient by the said collector, he shall allow the same, except when the comptroller of
treasury, whose
drawback to be allowed, shall amount to one hundred dollars or upwards; teasioy there-
in all which cases the proofs aforesaid shall be referred to the comptroller on shall be final.
of the treasury, whose decision thereon shall be final.
Sac. 5S. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful President au-
States from time to time, to make
for the President of ihe United said .
thorized
such make to
allowance
allowances to the said supervisors, inspectors, and to the deputies and to supervisors,
officers by them to be appointed and employed for their- respective ser- &c.for their ser-
vices in the exbcution of this act, to be paid out of the product of the vices, outofof the
e asproduct the
said duties, as he shall deem reasonable and proper: Providedalways, duties,
That the aggregate amount of the allowances to all the said supervisors,
inspectors and other officers, shall not exceed seven per cent. of the
whole product of the duties arising from the spirits distilled within the
United States: And provided also, That such allowance shall not ex- not to exceed
ceed the annual amount of forty-five thousand dollars, until the same $4l5,000 '-u
ally.
shall be further ascertained by law.
SEc. 59. And be it further enacted, That this act shall commence Commence.
and take effect as to all matters therein contained, in respect to which ment of this act.
no special commencement is hereby provided (except as to the appoint-
ment of officers and regulation of the districts and surveys) from and
immediately after the last day of June next.
Sac. 60. And be it further enacted, That the nett product of the du- Nett product
ties herein before specified, which shall be raised, levied and collected of duties
by virtue of this act, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be, pledged forpay.
ment of interest
and is hereby pledged and appropriated for the payment of the interest on loans;
of the several and respective loans which had been made in foreign
countries, prior to the fourth day of August last; and also upon all and
every the loan and loans which have been and shall be made, and ob-
tained pursuant to the act, intituled "An act making provision for the 1790, ch. 34.
debt of the United States;" and according to the true intent and mean-
ing of the said act, and of the several provisions ahd engagements
therein contained and expressed, and subject to the like priorities and
reservations as are made and contained in and by the said act, in respect
to the monies therein appropriated, and subjdct to this farther reserva-
tion, that is to say-Of the nett amount or product during the present
year, of the duties laid by this act, in addition to those heretofore laid
upon spirits imported into the United States, from any foreign port or
place, and of the duties laid by this act on spirits distilled within the
United States, and on stills ; to be disposed of towards such purposes
for which appropriations shall be made during the present session. And
to the end that the said monies may be inviolably applied in conformity and to be in.
to the appropriation hereby made, and may never be diverted to any violablyapplied
other purpose until the final redemption, or reimbursement of the loans thereto.
or sums for the payment of the interest whereof they are appropriated,
an account shall be kept of the receipts and disposition thereof, sepa-
rate and distinct from the product of any other duties, impost, excise,
and taxes whatsoever, except those heretofore laid and appropriated to
the same purposes.
SEc. 61. And be it further enacted, That the unappropriated surplus,
if any there shall be, of the revenue arising under this act, at the end

FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. III. CH. 16, 17. 1791.
UDappropri- of this and every succeeding year, shall be applied to the reduction of
ated surplus the public debt, in like manner as is directed by the act, intituled " An
how to be ap-
plied.
act making provision for the reduction of the public debt," and pro-
1790, ch. 34. vided by the act, intituled "An act making provision for the debt of the
1790, ch. 47.
United States ;" unless the said surplus, or any part thereof, shall be re-
quired for the public exigencies of the United States, and shall, by
special acts of Congress, be appropriated thereto.
Duties hereby SEC. 62. And be it further enacted, That the several duties imposed
imposed how by this act, shall continue to be collected and paid, until the debts and
long to con-
tinue.
purposes for which they are pledged and appropriated, shall be fully dis-
charged and satisfied, and no longer. Provided always, That nothing
herein contained, shall be construed to prevent the legislature of the
United States from substituting other duties or taxes of equal value to
all or any of the said duties and imposts.
APPROVED, March 3, 1791.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XVI.-dn dct rakin an appropriationfor the purpose therein mec-
ioned.
$20,000 ap. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

propriated for United States of America in Congress assembled, That for the purpose
effecting a re-
cognition of the of effecting a recognition of the treaty of the United States, with the
treaty
peror with em- new emperor of Morocco, there be, and hereby is appropriated a sum
.of Mo-
rocco; and not exceeding twenty thousand dollars, to be paid out of the loonies
which prior to the first day of January next, shall arise from the duties
imposed upon spirits distilled within the United States, and from stills
1791, ch. 15. by the act, entitled "An act repealing after the last day of June next,
the duties heretofore laid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad,
and laying others in their stead, and also upon spirits distilled within the
United States, and for appropriating the same," together with the excess
of duties which may arise from the duties imposed by the said act, on
imported spirits beyond those which would have arisen by the act en-
titled "An act making further provision for the payment of the debts
President au- of the United States." And the President is hereby authorized to take
thorized to bor- on loan, the whole sum by this act appropriated, or so much thereof as
row said ma- he may judge requisite, at an interest not exceeding six per cent. per
annum, and the fund established for the above mentioned
appropriation,
1790, ch. 39. is hereby pledged for the repayment of the principal and interest of any
loan to be obtained in manner aforesaid, and in case of any deficiency
in the said fund, the faith of the. United States is hereby also pledged to
make good such deficiency.
STATUTF III.
March S, 1791. C HAP. XVII.-.n d.t to amend "..qn act for establishingthe temporary and per-
manent seat if the Government f the United &Sates."
Repealing cer- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
tain part of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That so much of the
act fixing the
permanent seat act, intitled "An act for establishing the temporary and permanent
of government seat of the government of the United States," as requires that the whole
orU. States, and
vesting the Pre- of the district of territory, not exceeding ten miles square, to be located
sident with cer- on the river Potomac, for the permanent seat of the government of the
tain powers. United States, shall be located above the mouth of the Eastern Branch,
1790, ch. 28. be and is hereby repealed, and that it shall be lawful for the President
to make any part of the territory below the said limit, and above the
mouth of Hunting Creek, a part of the said district, so as to include a
convenient part of the Eastern Branch, and of the lands lying on the
lower side thereof, and also the town of Alexandria, and the territory

FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. III. Ci. 18, 19. 1-79L
so to be included, shall form a part of the district not exceeding ten

miles square, for the permanent seat of the government of the United
States, in like manner and to all intents and purposes, as if the same
had been within the purview of the above recited act: Provided,That
nothing herein contained, shall authorize the erection of the public
buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the river Potomac, as
required by the aforesaid act.
STATUTE III.
CHAP. XVIII.-An gct supplemental to the act (he Treasuryt De- March 3, 1791.
tcaaehlng
partment," and for a farther compensation to certain officers.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa. 8th section of
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the act establishing
eighth section of the act, intitu led "An act to establish the treasury de- treasury depart.
ment extended
partment" passed the second day of September, one thousand seven to clerks under
hundred and eighty-nine, shall be, and the same is hereby extended to certain modifi.
all and every of the clerks employed in the treasury department, as fully Uycations.
Sept. 2, 178.9,
and effectually as if they and every of them were specially named there- ch. 12.
in, except as to the penalty in such section mentioned, which in case 1789, ch. 13.
of any such clerk offending against the provisions of the said section, 1792, ch. 37,
sec. 12.
shall be five hundred dollars, and removal from office.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That each and every clerk and Clerks and
other officer already appointed in any of the departments of the United other officers to
take an oath or
States, (and who have not, since their appointment, taken the oath or affirmation;
affirmation hereafter mentioned) shall within fifteen days after the pass-
ing of this act, and those who shall hereafter be appointed, shall before
they enter upon the duties of such appointment, take an oath or affir-
mation before one of the justices of the supreme court, or one of the
judges of a district court of the United States, to support the consti-
tution of the United States, and also an oath or affirmation, well and tobe filed inthe
faithfully to execute the trust committed to him, which oaths or affirma- office where
rm-employed.
tions, subscribed by such clerk, and certified by the person administering
the same, shall be filed in the office of the person employing such clerk.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful Principals may
for the principal in any of the offices of the United States, who is autho- apportion the
$500 allowed to
rized by law to appoint clerks under him, to allow to each clerk such each, excepting
compensation for his services, as he shall, in the opinion of such officer, chief, according
deserve for the same: Provided,That the whole sum to'be expended to merit.
for clerks in any such office (except the chief clerk) shall not exceed a
sum equal to five hundred dollars per annum for every clerk employed
therein.
SEc. 4. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That Additional
there shall be allowed for one year, commencing with the passing of allowance for
one year to re-
this act, to the register, two hundred and fifty dollars, and to the auditor, gister, auditor,
the comptroller of the treasury, and the attorney general, four hun- comptroller and
dred dollars each, in addition to their respective salaries, and to be paid attorney gen-
in the same manner.
STATUTE II.
CHAP. XIX.-An Act relative to the Riv.Dollar of Denmark. March 3, 1791.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Part of the
United States of America in Congress assembled, That so much of ?n act rating rix
act, intituled "An act to provide more effectually for the collection ofmark Den-100
the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported cents repealed.
into the United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels," as bath 1799, ch. 22,
rated the rix-dollar of Denmark at one hundred cents, be, and the same S"e. 61.

216 FIRST CONGRESS. Siss. III. CH. 20,21' 22, 1791.
1790,ch.
7 5. is herebyto repealed; and that this repeal shall be deemed to operate in
respect all duties which have already arisen or accrued, as well as to
such as shall hereafter arise or accrue.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XX..-.n .ct in addition to an act intituled "4.nact for establishing
the salaries of the Ixecutive officers of Government, with their assistants and
clerks."'
1789, ch. 13.
Further an- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
nual allowance tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from
of $200 to chief and after the passing of this act, there shall be allowed to the chief
clerk to the au-
ditor. clerk of the auditor, the annual sum of two hundred dollars, in addition
1799, ch. 40. to the salary allowed to him by the act, intituled "An act establishing
the salaries of the executive officers of government, with their assistants
and clerks," to be paid at the treasury of the United States, in quarterly
payments, and from like appropriations as may be assigned for the pay-
ment of the other salaries mentioned in the above recited act.
Allowance of SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That there be allowed to the
expensesin re. clerks employed in the several offices attached to the seat of government,
moving from
New York to in addition to their respective salaries, their reasonable and necessary
Philadelphia, to expenses incurred by the removal of Congress from the city of New
clerks employed York, to the city of Philadelphia.
in the several
offices: SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That there be allowed to the
and of $400 for assistant secretary of the treasury, in addition to his salary for one year,
one year to as- commencing with the passing of this act, four hundred dollars, to be
sstant secretary
of the treasury. paid in the same manner as his salary.
STATUTE III.
March 3,1791. CHAP. XXI.-..n S/et for making compensations to the Commissioners (f Loans,
for extraordinary expenses.
Commission- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
ers of loans to
be allowed in
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
settlement of commissioners of loans in the several states shall be allowed in the
accounts for settlement of their accounts, such sums as shall appear to have been
necessary sta-
tionary,
necessarily expended by them in the purchase of stationery for the use
of their several offices, from the commencement of the same to the first
day of October next.
and for hire of SEC. 2. And be it further enacted,That the commissioners of loans in
clerks. the several states, shall be allowed in the settlement of their several
1799, ch. 40,
see. 5. accounts, such sums as they shall have necessarily expended for the hire
of clerks to assist in executing the duties of their several offices, from
the commencement of the same to the first day of October next.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XXII.-3dn .det providing compensations for the q§7cers of the Judicial
Osurts of the United States, and for Jurors and Witnesses, and for other
purposes.
Comnensations SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
to ofticers of of the United States of America in Congress assemblcd, That there be
the judicial t
court, allowed to the several officers following in addition to the fees (except
Repealed 1792, mileage to the marshals) to which they are otherwise by law intitled,
ch. 36, sec: S. and also to jurors and witnesses, in the courts of the United States, the
following respective compensations, that is to say: To the attorney of
the United States for the district, for his expenses and time in travelling
from the place of his abode to any court of the United States, on which

FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. I. C. 22. 1791.
his attendance shall be requisite, at the rate of ten cents per mile going,
and the same allowance for returning; to the clerk of the district court,
for attending in the district or circuit court, five dollars per day, apd the
like compensation for travelling, as is above allowed to the attorney for
the district; to the clerk of the supreme court for attending in court,
eight dollars per day; to the marshal of the district, for attending the
supreme, circuit or district courts, five dollars per day; for summoning
a grand jury, three dollars, and for summoning a petit jury, two dollars,
and for serving and returiing a writ, five cents per mile for his neces-
sary travel; to the grand and petit jurors, each fifty cents per day for
attending in court, and for travelling, at the rate of fifty cents for every
ten miles from their respective places of abode, to the place where the
court is held, and the like allowance for returning; to witnesses sum-
moned on the part of the United States, or in behalf of any prisoner to
be tried for any capital offence in any of the courts thereof, the same
compensation as is above allowed to grand and petit jurors. That the
several officers above specified shall be deemed to have been entitled to
the above respective compensations, from the time of their respective
appointments; and that the grand and petit jurors and witnesses, who
have heretofore attended, shall also be deemed entitled to the above com-
pensation, in like manner as those who shall hereafter attend. That
there shall also be paid to the marshal, the amount of the expense for
fuel, candles, and other reasonable contingencies for holding a court, as
hath accrued or shall accrue; and the compensations to the grand and
petit jurors and witnesses shall be included in the account of, and paid
to the marshal, to the use of, and be by him accordingly paid over to the
several persons entitled to the same; and the accounts of the several to be paid at the
officers for the compensations aforesaid (except mileage to the marshal, treasury on cer-
tificate ofjudge,
for the service of writs in civil causes) having been previously examined and sum arising
and certified by the judge of thedistrict, shall be passed in the usual from fines, &c.
manner at, and the amount thereof paid out of the treasury of the United appropriated for
payment of
States. And a sum arising from the fines and forfeitures to the United them.
States, and equal to the amount thereof, is hereby appropriated for the
payment of the, above accounts.
Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That instead of the provisions in Altering the
that respect heretofore made, the first session of the circuit courts in the session of cir-
cuit courts in
eastern circuit, after the passing of this act, shall commence at the times eastern circuit.
following, that is to say: In New York district, on the fifth, and in Con-
necticut district, on the twenty-fifth days of April next; in Massachu-
setts district, on the twelfth, and in New Hampshire district onllhe
twenty-fourth days of May next; and in Rhode Island district, on the
seventh day of June next; and the subsequent sessions in the respec-
tive districts, on the like days of every sixth calendar month there-
after, except when any of those days shall happen on a Sunday, and then
the sessions shall commence on the next day following. And the ses-
sions of the said circuit court shall be held in New Hampshire district,
at Portsmouth and Exeter, alternately, beginning at the first: In Mas-
sachusetts district, at Boston; in Rhode Island district, at Newport and
Providence, alternately, beginning at the first; in Connecticut district,
at Hartford and New Haven, alternately, beginning at the last; and in
New York district, at the city of New York only.
Sac. 3. And be it further enacted, That from and after the passing Altering ses-
of this act, instead of the provisions in the act for that purpose, the sessions of circuit
court in Virgi-
sions of the circuit court for the district of Virginia, shall be holden in nia.
the city of Richmond only.
Sac. 4. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue in force
until the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
VOL. 1.-28 T

218 FIRST CONGRESS. S.ss. III. C' .3, 24, 25. 1791.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XXllI.-sn let to continue in force for a limited time, an act intituled
".ds act for the temporary establishment of the Post-Offlce."
Former act SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
for temporary tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
establishment of
post-office con- act passed the first session of Congress, intituled "An act for the tem-
tinued. porary establishment of the post-office," be, and the same is hereby con-
1789, ch. 16. tinned in full force until the end of the next session of Congress, and no
1792, ch. 7. longer.
Letters on SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That all letters to and from the
public service treasurer comptroller and auditor of the treasury, and'the assistant to
to offcers of the e
treasury to be the secretary of the treasury, on public service, shall be received and
conveyed free conveyed by the post, free of postage.
of postage. SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That the postmaster general shall be
Mail to be ex-
tended from and he is hereby authorized to extend the carrying the mail from Albany,
Albany to Ben- in the state of New York, to, Bennington in the state of Vermont.
nington. APPROVED, March 3, 1791.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XXIV.-Jn qCt to Continue in force the act therein mentionsed, and to
-- make further provision for the payment of Pensions to Invalids, and for the
support of lighthouses, beacons, buoys, and publie piers.
1792, ch. 35.
Act for miti- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House qf Representatives
gatingfbrorremit-
ting feiturcs, of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the act,
&c. continued, entitled " An act to provide for mitigating or remitting the forfeitures
1790, ch. 12.and penalties accruing under the revenue laws in certain cases therein
mentioned," shall be and is hereby continued in force until the end of
the next.session of Congress, and no longer.
Pensions to SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the yearly pensions which
invalids
year to be one have been allowed by or in pursuance of any act or law of the United
for.paid
out of the tra- States, to persons who were wounded and disabled during the late war,
sury. shall for the space of one year from the fourth day of March next, be
paid out of the treasury of the United States, under such regulations as
the President of the United States may direct.
Expenses from SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all expenses which shall
1st July next of accrue from the first day of July next, inclusively, for the necessary sup-
all lighthouses
&c. to be de- port, maintenance and repairs of all lighthouses, beacons, buoys, and
frayed by U. public piers, shall continue to be defrayed by the United States, until
States till July the first day of July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
1792. two, notwithstanding such lighthouses, beacons, bubys,
or public piers,
with the lands and tenements thereunto belonging, and the jurisdiction
of the same, shall not in the mean time be ceded to or vested in the
United States, by the state or states respectively, in which the same may
be, and that the said time be further allowed to the states respectively,
1792, ch. 17. to make such cession: Provided, That nothing in the said act shall be
construed to limit or restrain the power of the President of the United
States, to grant pardons for offences against the United States.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XXV.-iln .ct supplementary to the act making provisionfor the reduc-
tion f the Public Debt.
Loan in Hol- WHERFAS it hath been made known to Congress that the President
lan of 3,000,- of the United States, in consequence of "An act making provision for
000 florins, at 5
per cent. per an- the reduction of the public debt," bath caused a certain loan to be
num, made in Holland, on account of the United States, to the amount of
1790, ch. 47. three millions of florins, bearing an interest of five per centum per an-
num, and reimbursable in six yearly instalments, commencing in the

FIRST CONGRESS.. Sass. 111. ,CIL 6. 1791.
year one thousand eight hundred, and ending in the year one thousand
eight hundred and six, or at any time sooner, in whole or in part, at
the option of the United States;
And -whereas it hath been also stated to Congress, that the charges whereon the
charges are four
upon the said loan have amounted to four and a half per centum, where- and a half per
by a doubt hath arisen, whether the said loan be within the meaning cent.
of the said last mentioned act, which limits the rate of interest to five
per centum per annum;
And whereas it is expedient that the said doubt be removed;
Be it enacted and declared by the Senate and House of Representatives declared to be
within the
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the loan meaning ofthe
aforesaid shall be deemed and construed to be within the true intent and act providing for
meaning of the said act, intituled "An act making provision for the the reduction of
the public debt,
reduction of the public debt," and that any farther loan, to the extent and also further
of the principal sum authorized to be borrowed by the said act, the loans on the like
interest whereof shall be five per centum per annum, and the charges terms.
1790, ch. 47.
whereof shall not exceed the said rate of four and a half per centum,
shall, in like manner, be deemed and construed to be within the true
intent and meaning of the said act.
STATUTZ III.
CHAP. XXVI.-Sn .tct making fart herprovisionforthe collection of the dutiesb.Y March 3. 1791.
law imposed on Teas, and to prolong the term for the payment of the Duties
on Wines.
WHFREAS it is conceived that the following regulations concerning
teas may be conducive both to the accommodation of the importers 1799, ch. 22.
thereof, and to the security of the revenue:
SECTI N 1. Be it enactedby the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in addi-
tion to the provisions contained in the fortieth and forty-first sections of
the act, intituled " An act to provide more effectually for the collection 1790, oh. 35.
of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported
into the United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels," as they
regard the payment, or securing the payment of the duties on teas, it
shall be lawful for every importer of teas, if he or she shall elect so to Importers of
do, to give his or her bond to the collector of the district in which any teas to give
bond for double
of the said teas shall be landed, in double the amount of the *duties the amount of
thereupon, with condition for the payment of the said duties in two years the duties there-
from the date of such bond; which bond shall be accepted by such col- on, payable in
lector, without surety, upon the terms following ;.that is to say: The teas, two years, and
for the duties whereof the said bond shall be accepted, shall be depo.
sited at the expense and risk of the said importer, in one or more store- deposit
teas the
in store-
house or storehouses, as the case may require, to be agreed upon between houses.
the said importer and the inspector, or other officer of inspection of the
revenue, for the port where the said teas *hall be landed; and -upon
every such storehouse, the said inspector or officer of inspection shall
cause to be affixed two locks, the key of one of which locks shall be
kept by such importer, his or her agent, and the key of the other of
which locks shall be kept by the said inspector, or by such other person
as he shall depute and appoint in that behalf; whose duty it shall be to
attend at all reasonable times, for the purpose of delivering the said teas
out of the said storehouse or storehouses. But no delivery shall be No delivery
made of any of the said teas without a permit in writing, under the to be a
thereofwithout
made
hand of the said inspector or officer of inspection. And in order to permit, and
the obtaining of such permit, it shall be necessary that the duties upon no permit grant-
the teas, for whichthe
the same shall be required, be first paid, or, at the
easduties ed without the
first paid
option of the party or parties applying for the same, secured to be paid or secured.
in manner following; that is to say : The said party or parties shall

FIRST CONGRESS. Srss. in. Cit. 26. 1791.
give bond with one or more surety or sureties to the satisfaction of the
said inspector, in double the amount of the duties upon the quantity of
teas in each case to be delivered, with condition for the payment of the
said duties, if the same shall not exceed one hundred dollars,- in four
months; or, if the same shall exceed one hundred dollars, and shall not
exceed five hundred dollars, in eight months; or, if the same shall
Time allowed exceed five hundred dollars, in twelve months: Providedalways, That
for payment of the time to be allowed for the payment of the duties upon any parcel
duties not to be
extended. of teas to be delivered, shall not be such as to extend the credit for
such duties beyond the term of two years originally allowed upon the
depositing of the said teas.
Teas deposited SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That if the duties on any parcel
on which duties of teas, which shall have been deposited as aforesaid, shall not have
are not paid nor
secured, been paid or secured to be paid in manner last specified, within the
term of two years, according to the condition of the obligation to be
given to the collector of the district within which the same shall have
been landed, it shall be the duty of the said collector to cause so much
to be sold by of the said teas, as may be necessary, to be sold at public auction, and
collector for retaining the sum which shall not have been so paid or secured of the
that purpose
and overplus re- said duties, together with the expenses of safe keeping and sale of the
turned to the said teas, shall teturn the overplus, if any, to the owner or owners
owner. thereof, his, her, or their agent or lawful representative.
Bonds for mo- SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the bonds which have been
nies or duties to
be taken in the or shall be directed to be given, by this or any other act, for monies or
name of the U. duties to be paid or performed to the United States, shall be taken in
States, and the name of the United States of America; unless special directien
shall have been given to take them in some other name. And the
delivered to col- bonds to be taken as aforesaid, by any inspector of the revenue, shall
lector of the be delivered by him forthwith to the collector of the district within
district wherein
they are to be which the teas, to which they may relate, shall have been landed, in
collected. order to the collection of the monies therein specified. And the per-
mits which shall have been granted by such inspector, for the delivery
of any teas, out of any storehouse wherein they shall have been depo-
sited, shall be received by such collector towards satisfying any bond,
which shall have been, in the first instance, taken by the said collector,
touching the said teas; which permits shall therefore specify the amount
of the duties which shall have been paid or secured upon the teas to be
delivered in virtue thereof; and the name of the ship or vessel in which
they shall have been imported, and of the importer or importers thereof.
Teas imported .SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That all teas which, after the
after April next first day of April next,.shall be imported into the United States from
to be landed
under inspec- any foreign port or place, shal be landed under the care of the inspec-
tion of inspectors of the revenue for the ports where the same shall be respectively
tors; landed; and for that purpose every permit which shall be granted by
any collector, for landing the same, shall, prior to such landing, be pro-
duced to the said inspector, who by an endorsement thereupon under
his hand,. shall signify the production thereof to him, and the time
when; after which, and not otherwise, it shall be lawful to land the teas
permits given mentioned in such permit. And the said inspector shall make an entry
for its landing of all such permits, and of the contents thereof; and each chest, box
entered by them
and the chests or package containing any teas, shall be marked by the officer under
containing it whose immediate inspection the same shall be landed, in legible and
marked, and durable characters, with progressive numbers, and with the name of
correspondent the vessel in which the same shall have been imported. And the said
certificates officer shall grant a certificate for each such chest, box or package,
granted.
specifying therein the name or names of the importer or importers, the
ship or vessel in which the same shall have been imported, and the
number thereof to accompany the same whezesoever it shall be sent.
And whereas, for the payment of the duties accruing on Maderia

FIRST CONGRESS. Suss. 1lL Cn. 27. 1791.
wines, and which may be secured by bond, the term of twelve months
is allowed; and it is proper to extend, in like manner, the payment of
the duties accruing on other wines;
SEC. 5. Therefore, be it enacted, That for the payment of the duties Term for pay.
on other than Maderia wines, and which shall be secured by bond, such ment of the du-
ties on wine
bond shall be taken with condition for the payment of the duties- in prolonged.
twelve months, in like manner as by law is directed for the payment of
the duties on Maderia wines.
STATUTE III.
CHAP. XXVII.-n .ctfor granting lands to the Inhabitantsand settlers at Vin.

rennes and the Illinois country, in the territory northwest of the Ohio, and for March 3, 1791.
confirming them in theirpossessions.
SECTION .1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 400 acres of
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That four land granted to
hundred acres of land be given to each of those persons, who in the each head of a
family, and
year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, were heads of faami-
lies at Vincennes or in the Illinois country, on the Mississippi, and who
since that time have removed from one of the said places to the other. 1804, ch. 35,
And the governor of the territory northwest of the Ohio is hereby di- ,. ch.
1807, 3 34.4
rected, to cause the same to be laid out for them, at their own expense, 1793, ch. 10.
either at Vincennes or in the Illinois country, as they shall severally
elect.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted and declared, That the heads of also to those
families at Vincennes or in the Illinois country in the year one thou- who have
moved re-
from said
sand seven hundred and eighty-three, who afterwards removed without territory,
the limits of the said territory, are notwithstanding, entitled to the dona-
tion of four hundred acres of land made by the resolve of Congress of
the twenty-ninth of August, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-
eight; and the governor of the said territory, upon application to him
for that purpose, is hereby directed to cause the same to be laid out for
such heads of families or their heirs; and shall also cause to be laid off
and confirmed to such persons the several tracts of land which they may
have possessed, and which before the year one thousand seven hundred
and eighty-three may have been allotted to them according to the laws
and usages of the government under which they had respectively settled:
Provided nevertheless, That if such persons or their heirs do not return if they return
and occupy the said lands within Aive years, such lands shall be con- within five
sidered as forfeited to the United States. years.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That one hundred and fifty acres Lands former-
of land, heretofore in possession of the Piankeshaw Indians, and now ly possessed by
under actual improvement, and constituting a part of the village of Vin- Piankeshaw In-
dians confirmed
cennes, be given to the persons who are severally in possession of the to present pos.
.said land. sessors.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That where lands have been ac- Improvers of
tually improved and cultivated at Vincennes, or in the Illinois country, lands aclaimhg
under suppos.
under a supposed grant of the same, by any commandant or court claim- edgrnt,to have
ing authority to make such grant, the governor of the said territory be, their claims
and he hereby is empowered to confirm to the persons who made such confirmed.
improvements, their heirs or assigns, the lands supposed to have been
granted as aforesaid, or such parts thereof as he, in his discretion, may 1806, ch. 40.
judge reasonable, not exceeding to any one person, four hundred acres.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That a tract of land, containingy Landshereto-
about five thousand four hundred acres, which for many years has baen fore used as a
also a common to be
fenced and ued by the inhabitants of Vincennes as a common, so appropriated
tract of land including the villages of Cohos and Prairie du Pont, and thereto.
heretofore used by the inhabitants of the said villages as a common, be,
and the same are hereby appropriated to the use of the inhabitants of
T2

FIRST CONGRESS. SEss. IH. C 28.
R 1791.
Vincennes and of the said villages respectively, to be used by them as a
common, until otherwise disposed of by law.
Militia men SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the governor of the said
who have not territory be authorized to make a grant of land not exceeding one hun-
obtained any
donation of dred acres, to each person who hath not obtained any donation of land
land, to receive from the United States, and who, on the first day of August, one thou-
100 acres, sand seven hundred and ninety, was enrolled in the militia at Vincennes
or in the Illinois country, and has done militia duty, the said land to be
laid out at the expense of the grantees, and in such form and place as
Appropriation the said governor shall direct. Provided nevertheless, That no claim
of a tract for the founded upon purchase or otherwise, shall be admitted within a tract of
Kaskaskia In' land heretofore occupied by the Kaskaskia nation of Indians, and
dians. cluding their village, which is hereby appropriated to the use in-
of the said
Indians.
Grant of to p. SEc. 7. And be it further enacted, That two lots of land heretofore
Gibaalt and St. in the occupation of the priests at Cahokia, and situated near that vil-
Jam Beouvais. lage, be, and the same is hereby granted in fee to P. Gibault; and that
a tract of land at Kaskaskia, formerly occupied by the Jesuits, be laid
off and confirmed to St. Jam Beouvais, who claims the same in virtue
of a purchase thereof.
Donation lands SEc. S. And be it further enacted, That so much of the act of Con-
to be laid out gress of the twenty-eighth of August, one thousand seven hundred and
according toact eighty-eight, as refers to the locations of certain tracts of land directed
June 20tb,1788. to be run out and reserved for donations, to the ancient settlers in the
Illinois country, be, and the same is hereby repealed, and the governor
of the said territory is directed to lay out the same, agreeably to the act
of Congress of the twentieth of June, one thousand seven hundred and
eighty-eight.
STATUTE III.
March 3, 1791. CHAP. XXVIII.-8n .Ct for raisingand adding another Regiment to the Mill-
tary Establishment f the United ,States, and for making fartherprovision for
Repealed 1795, the protection rf the frontiers.
ch. 44, § 18.
An additional SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
regiment to be thles of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there
raised of 912
men, shall be raised an additional regiment of infantry, which, exclusive of
the commissioned officers, shall consist of nine hundred and twelve non-
commissioned officers, privates and musicians.
how organized. SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said regiment shall be
organized in the same manner as the regiment of infantry described in
1790, oh. 10. the act, intituled "An act for regulating the military establishment of
Theirpayand the United States."
allowances. SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the troops aforesaid by this
act to be raised, inchding the officers, shall receivw the same pay and
allowances, be subject to tne same rules and .regulations, and be
engaged for the like term, and upon the same conditions, in all respects,
excepting the bounty herein after mentioned, as are stipulated for the
troops of the United States, in the before-mentioned act.
Bounty for en- SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That each non-commissioned
listment. officer, private and musician, who has enlisted or shall enlist pursuant
to the act aforesaid, or who shall enlist pursuant to this act, shall be
entitled to receive six dollars as a bounty.
What officers SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That in case the President of the
ed, United States should deem the employment of a major-general, brigadier-
general, a quartermaster and chaplain, or either of them, essential to
the public interest, that he be, and he hereby is empowered, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same accordingly.

FIRST CONGRESS. Sass. M. Cii.28. 1791.
And a major-general so appointed may choose his aid-de-camp, and a

brigadier-general, his brigade-major, from the captains or subalterns of
the line. Providedalways, That the major-general and brigadier-general and how long
so to be appointed, shall respectively continue in pay during such term continue in ser-
only, as the President of the United States in his discretion shall deem vice.
it requisite for the public service.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That in case a major-general, Pay and al-
brigadier-general, quartermaster, aid-de-camp, brigade-major and chap- loaiees to the
respectively,
lain should be appointed, their pay and allowances shall be,
as herein mentioned: The major-general shall be entitled to one hun-
dred and twenty-five dollars, monthly pay, twenty dollars allowance for
forage monthly, and for daily subsistence fifteen rations, or money in
lieu thereof at the contract price. The brigadier-general shall be enti-
tled to ninety-four dollars, monthly pay, with sixteen dollars allowance
for forage monthly, and for daily subsistence twelve rations, or money
in lieu thereof at the contract price. That the quartermaster shall be
intitled to the same pay, rations and forage, as the lieutenant-colonel
commandant of a regiment. That the aid-de-camp be entitled, including
all allowances, to the same pay, rations and forage, as a major of a
regiment. That the brigade-major be entitled, including all allowances,
to the same pay, rations and forage, as a major of a regiment. That the
chaplain be entitled to fifty dollars per month, including pay, rations and
forage.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That if, in the opinion of the Pre- Authority to
the Presidentto
sident, it will be conducive to the good of the service, to engage a body .employ militia
of militia to serve as cavalry, they furnishing their own horses, arms and" eavolry,
provisions, it shall be lawful for him to offer such allowances to encour-
age their engaging in the service, for such time and on such terms, as
he shall deem it expedient to prescribe.
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That if the President should be of and levies, in
addition to, or
opinion, that it will be conducive to the public service, to employ troops in lieu of mili.
inlisted under the denomination of levies, in addition to, or in place of tia,
the militia, which in virtue of the powers vested in him by law, he is
authorized to call into the service of the United States, it shall be lawful
for him to raise, for a term not exceeding six months (to be discharged their term of
sooner if the public service will permit) a corps, not exceeding two ervice and
with a suit-
thousand non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians,
'able number of commissioned officers. And in case it shall appear
probable to the President, that the regiment directed to be raised by the
aforesaid act and by this act, will not be completed in time to prosecute
such military operations as exigencies may require, it shall be lawful for
the President to make a substitute for the deficiency, by raising such
farther number of levies, or by calling into the service of the United
States such a body of militia as shall be equal thereto.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the President be, and he To organize
hereby is empowered to organize the said levies, and alone to appoint I. the levies and
appoint officers.
the commissioned officers thereof, in the manner he may judge proper.
SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That the commissioned and non- Militia and
commissioned officers, privates and musicians of the militia or said corps levies to be on
of levies, shall, during the time of. their service, be subject to the rules the same foot-
ing as troops of
and articles of war; and they shall be entitled to the same pay, rations U. States,
and forage, and, in case of wounds or disability in the line of their duty,
to the same compensation as the troops of the United States.
SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That the non-commissioned and entitled to
oflicers, privates and musicians of the said corps of levies, shall be enti- clothing,
tied to receive such proportional quantity of clothing, as their time of
service shall bear to the annual allowance of clothing to the troops of the
United States, subject, bowever, to a proportional deduction from their
pay.

224 1 IRST CONGRESS. SEss. 1 Es.
EL 1. 1791.
and bounty, SEc. 12. And be it further enacted, That each of the non-commis-
sioned officers, privates and musicians of the said levies, shall be entitled
to receive three dollars as a bounty.
and engage sur- SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That in case the nature of the
goon's mates, service, upon which the troops of the United States may be employed,
should require a greater number of surgeon's mates than are provided
for in the before-mentioned act, the President of the United States may
engage, from time to time, such additional number of surgeon's mates,
as he shall judge necessary.
Allowance to* SEC. 14. And be it ftrther enacted, That the commissioned officers,
officers for re- who shall be employed to recruit men for the said regiments, shall be
cruiting. entitled to receive for every recruit who shall be duly enlisted and mus-
tered, the sum of two dollars.
Appropriation Sac. 15. And be it further enacted, That for defraying the expense,
of monies for for one year, of the additional regiment to be raised by virtue of this
carrying this act
into effect, and act; for defraying the expense, for a like term, of the officers mentioned
in the seventh section of this act; for defraying the expense of the said
militia-horse, militia-foot, and levies, which may be called into, or
engaged for the service of the United States, pursuant to this act; for
defraying the expense of such surgeon's mates, as may be appointed pur-
suant to the fifteenth section of this act; for defraying the expense of
recruiting the said two regiments; and for defraying the expense of any
military posts which the President shall judge expedient and proper to
establish, there be and hereby is appropriated a sum, not exceeding
Its amount; three hundred and twelve thousand six hundred and eighty-six dollars
and twenty cents,'to be paid out of the monies which, prior to the first
day of January next, shall arise from the duties imposed upon spirits
distilled within the United States, and from stills, by the act, intituled
1791, cs 15. "An act repealing, after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore
laid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in
their stead; and also upon spirits distilled within the United States, and-
for appropriating the same ;" together with the excess of duties which
may arise from the duties imposed by the said act on imported spirits,
1799, ch. 39. beyond those which would have arisen by the act, intituled "An act
making farther provision for the payment of the debts of the United
States."
And to the end that the public service may not be impeded for want
of necessary means;
which may be SEC. 16. Be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Presi-
borrowed if ne- dent to take on loan the whole sum by this act appropriated, or so much
cessary. thereof as he may judge requisite, at an interest not exceeding six per
centum per annum; and the fund established for the above-mentioned
appropriation, is hereby pledged for the repayment of the principal and
interest of any loan to be obtained in manner aforesaid ; and in case of
any deficiency in the said fund, the faith of the United States is hereby
also pledged to make good such deficiency'.
Feb. 18, 1791.
Aew Brown91. 1. RESOLVED by1 the Senate and House of Representatives
qfthe Untlt d
or any other States of America in Congress assembled, That Andrew Brown, or any
printer under other printer, be permitted, under the direction of the Secretary of State,
irection of the to collate with, and correct by the original rolls, the laws, resolutions
Secretary of
State to print and treaties of the United States, to be by him printed. And that a
the laws. certificate of their having been so collated and corrected be annexed to
the said edition. Provided, That such collation and correction be at
the expense of the said Andrew Brown, or such other printer, and that
the person or persons to be by him or them employed in that service, be
approved by the Secretary of State.
APPROVED, February 1 , 1791.

FIRST CONGRESS. Srss. I. Rzs. ,3,4.5. 1791. 225
11. RrSOLVED by the Senate and House qf Representativesof the United March , 1791.
States f America in Congress assembled, That the President of the Acknowledg-
United States be requested to cause to be communicated to the National ment ofpaid the
by
Assemblytribute the tribute
Assembly of France the peculiar sensibility of Congress to the National
paid to the memory of Benjamin Franklin, by the enlightened and free Assembly of
representatives of a great nation, in their decree of the eleventh of France to the
memory of Ben-
June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety. jamin Franklin.
March 3, 1791.
III. RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled, That a mint shall be A Mint to be
established under such regulations as shall be directed by law. established.
Act of April
Resolved, That the President of the United States be, and he is here- 1792.
by authorized to cause to be engaged, such principal artists as shall be
necessary to carry the preceding resolution into effect, and to stipulate
the terms and conditions of their service, and also to cause to be pro-
cured such apparatus as shall be requisite for the same purpose.
IV. RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Represrnta-fies of the March 3, 1791.
United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of An estimate
the United States be, and he hereby is requested, to cause an estimate to ofthe lands not
claimed by ihe
be laid before Congress at their next session, of the quantity and situation Indians, or by
of the lands not claimed by the Indians, nor granted to, nor claimed by citizens of the
U. States, in
any of the citizens of the United States, within the territory ceded to .North Carolina
the United States, by the State of North Carolina, and within the terri- and in thenorth
tory of the United States, northwest of the river Ohio. west territory,
to be made.
APPROVED, March 3, 1791. Act of April
12, 1792.
V. WHEREAS Congress did, by a resolution of the twenty-third day of March 3, 1791.
September, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, recommend Marshal to
to the several states to pass laws making it expressly the duty of the, keep- hire temporary
ers of their jails to receive and safe keep therein all prisoners committed jails in states
under the authority of the United States; in order therefore to insure complied with
the administration of justice, the of reso.
former
lution Con-
RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United gress.
States of America in Congress assembled, That in case any state shall
not have complied with the said recommendation, the marshal in such
state, under the direction of the judge of the district, be authorized to
hire a convenient place to serve as a temporary jail, and to make the
necessary provision for the safe keeping of prisoners committed under
the authority of the United States, until .permanent provision shall be
made by law for that purpose; and the said marshal shall be allowed his
reasonable expenses incurred for the above purposes, to be paid out of
the treasury of the United States.
VOL. I. 29

ACTS OF THE SECOND CONGRESS
OF THE
UNITED STATES,
Passed at the first session, which was begun and held at the City of
Philadelphia,in the State of Pennsylvania,on Monday, the twenty-
fourth day of October, 1791, and ended on the ninthday of May, 1792.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, JOHN ADAMS, Vice President of the
United States, and President of the Senate, RICHARD HENRY LEE,
President of the Senate pro tempore, JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker
of the House of Representatives.
STATUTE I.
Nov. 8, 1791. CHAPTER I.-On Act grantingfarther Time for making Return of the Enume-
ration of the. Inhabitants in the Districtof South Carolina.
[Obsolete.] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
Time for mak- United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be law-
ing return ex- ful for the marshal of the district of South Carolina to complete and
tended to 1st
March 1792. make return of the enumeration of the inhabitants of the said district,
to the President of the United States, in the form and manner prescribed
Act of March by the act, intituled "An act providing for the enumeration of the in-
1, 1790, ch. 2.
habitants of the United States," at any time on or before the first day
ofMarch next, any thing in the said act to the contrary notwithstanding.
APPROVED, November 8, 1791.
STATUTE I.
Dec. 23, 1791. 'CHAP. III -Sn Set making Sppropriationsfor the Support of Government for
the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two.
[Obsolete.] SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Specific ap- of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That for the
propriations for service of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and
1792.
the support of the civil list of the United States, including the inciden-
tal and contingent expenses of the several departments and offices there-
of, there shall be appropriated a sum of money not exceeding three
-Civil list. huidred and twenty-nine thousand, six hundred and fifty-three dollars,
Compensations
and fifty-six cents; that is to say:
to the President For the compensations granted by law to the President of the United
end Vice Presi- States, the Vice President, Chief Justice, Associate Judges, and Attor-
dent, judges ney General, fifty-three thousand dollars.
and attorney
general; For the like compensations to the District Judges, nineteen thousand
Distiict judges ; eight hundred dollars.
Members of For the like compensations to the members of the Senate and House
Senate and H.
of representa- of Representatives, and the officers and attendants of the two Houses,
tives, officers estimated on a session of six months continuance, and including the
and attendants; travelling expenses of the members, one hundred and twenty-nine thou-
Secretary and
officers of the sand, seven hundred and thirty dollars.
treasury, clerks For the like compensations to the Secretary and officers of the seve-
and attendants,
and loan offi- ral departments of the Treasury of the United States, including clerks
cers. and attendants, and the salaries of the respective loan officers, sixty
Compensations thousand three hundred dollars.
to Secretary of
Stae and offi- For the like compensations to the Secretary and officers of thd de-
cers. partment of State, six thousand three hundred dollars.
226

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 3. 1791. 227
For the like compensations to the Secretary and officers of the de- Secretary of
partment of War, nine thousand six hundred dollars. War and offi.
cers,
For the like compensations to the members of the Board of Commis- Board ofcom.
sioners, for the settlement of the accounts between the United States missioners,
and the individual states, including clerks and attendants, thirteen thou- clerks, &c.
sand one hundred dollars.
For the like compensations to the Governors, Judges and other officers Governors,
of the Western Territory of the United States, including contingencies, judgesand other
officers of W.
eleven thousand dollars. Territory.
For the payment of the annual grant to Baron Steuben, pursuant to B. Steuben.
an act of Congress, two thousand five hundred dollars.
For the payment of sundry pensions granted by the late government, Pensions.
two thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven dollars, and seventy-three
cents.
For defraying all other incidental and contingent expenses of the Incidentalex-
civil list establishment, including firewood, stationary, together with the penses
list, &c. or
andcivil
the
printing work, and all other contingent expenses of the two houses of two Houses of
Congress, rent and office expenses of the three several departments, Congress, &c.
namely, Treasury, State, War, and of the General Board of Commis-
sioners, twenty-one thousand five hundred and fifty-five dollars, and
eighty-three cents.
Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That the compensation to the To the door-
door-keepers of the two houses, for services which have been hereto- keepers.
fore rendered or may be rendered in the recess of Congress for the year
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and certified by the Presi-
dent of the Senate or Speaker of the House of Representatives, in
manner required by law, for like services during sessions, shall be dis-
charged out of the money herein before appropriated for the contingent
expenses of the two Houses of Congress.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That for discharging certain Forliquidated
liquidated claims upon the United ". -.. for making good
me r States, . deficiencies
.ciencies claims, indefi-
civil
in former appropriations for the support of the civil list establishment, list a ment of
and for aiding the fund appropriated for the payment of Certain officers officers, &c. of
of the courts, jurors and witnesses, and for the establishment of ten courts, and ten
cutters, there shall be appropriated a sum of money not exceeding one cutters.
hundred and ninety-seven thousand, one hundred and nineteen dollars,
and forty-nine cents; that is to say :
For discharging a balance due on a liquidated claim of his. most Balance due
Christian Majesty against the United States, for supplies during the late France.
war, nine thousand and twenty dollars, and sixty-eight cents.
For payment of the principal and interest on a liquidated claim of Claim of 0.
Oliver Pollock, late commercial agent of the United States, at New Pollock.
Orleans, for supplies of clothing, arms, and military stores, during the
late war, one hundred and eight thousand, six hundred and five dollars,
and two cents: Provided, That the said monies be not paid to the said
Oliver Pollock, without the consent of the agents of the court of Spain.
For making good deficiencies in the last appropriations for the com- Deficiencies
pensations to sundry officers of the civil list establishment, five thousand of civil list.
four hundred and seventy-one dollars.
For defraying sundry authorized expenses to the commissioners of For sundry
loaiis.n the several states, twenty-one thousand dollars. expenses.
For defraying a'balance of certain liquidated and contingent expenses
in the treasury -ee rtmhnt, two thousand eight hundred dollars.
For defraying tue additional expense of the enumeration of the inha-
bitants of the United States, nineteen thousand seven hundred and
seventy-two dollars andseventy-nine cents.
For matcdng gQod a deficiency in former appropriations, to discharge
he expenses to clerita. urors and witnesses in the courts of the United
Ses es, five tnoU-nd 'Aa Iar.

228 SECOND CONGRESS. SESs. I. C* 3. 1791.
For the maintenance and repair of light houses, beacons, piers, stakes
and buoys, sixteen thousand dollars.
For the expense of keeping prisoners committed under the authority
of the United States, four thousand dollars.
For the expense of clerks and books in arranging the public securi-
ties, two thousand four hundred and fifty dollars.
For the purchase of hydrometers for the use of the officers in the
execution of the laws of revenue, one thousand dollars.
For the farther expense of building and equipping ten cutters, two
thousand dollars.
For military SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That for the support of the mili-
establishment tary establishment of the United States, in the year one thousand seven
for 1792. hundred and ninety-two, the payment of the annual allowances to the
invalid pensioners of the United States, for defraying all expenses
incident to the Indian department, and for defraying the expenses
incurred in the defensive protection of the frontiers against the Indians,
during the years one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, by virtue of the authority
vested in the President of the United States, by the acts relative to the
military establishment, passed the twenty-ninth of September, one thou-
1789, ch. 25. sand seven hundred and eighty-nine, and the thirtieth of April, one
1790, ch. 10. thousand seven hundred and ninety, and for which no appropriations
have been made, there shall be appropriated a sum of money, not
exceeding five hundred and thirty-two thousand, four hundred and forty-
nine dollars, seventy-six cents, and two thirds of a cent; that is to say :
For the pay of the troops, one hundred and two thousand six hun-
dred and eighty-six dollars.
For subsistence, one hundred and nineteen thousand, six hundred and
eighty-eight dollars, and ninety-seven cents.
For clothing, foity-eight thousand dollars.
For forage, four thousand one hundred and fifty-two dollars.
For the hospital department, six thousand dollars.
For the quartermaster's department, fifty thousand dollars.
For the ordnance department, seven thousand two hundred and four
dollars and sixty-four cents.
For the contingent expenses of the war department, including maps,
hire of expresses, allowances to officers for extra expenses, printing, loss
of stores of all kinds, advertising and apprehending deserters, twenty
thousand dollars.
Compensation For the discharge of certain sums due for pay and subsistence of
to sundry offi- sundry officers of the late army, and for pay of the late Maryland line,
cers, &c. for which no appropriations have been made, ten thousand four hundred
and ninety dollars, and thirty-six cents.
To invalid For the payment of the annual allowances to invalid pensioners,
pensioners, eighty-seven thousand four hundred and sixty-three dollars, sixty cents
and two thirds of a cent.
Indian de- For defraying all expenses incident to the Indian department, author-
partment. ized by law, thirty-nine thousand four hundred and twenty-four dollars,
and seventy-one cents.
Frontiers. For defraying the expenses incurred in the defensive protection of
the frontiers, as before recited, thirty-seven thousand, three hundred and
thirty-nine dollars, and forty-eight cents.
The funds for SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That the several appropriations
the several ap- herein before made, shall be paid and discharged out of the funds follow-
propriations. ing, to wit: first, out of the sum of six hundred thousand dollars which
1790, ch. 34. by the act, intituled " An act making provision for the debt of the
United States," is reserved, yearly, for the support of the government
of the United States, and their common defence; and secondly, out of
such surplus as shall have accrued to the end of the present year, upon

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. Cn. 4, 5, 6. 1792. 229
the revenues heretofore established, over and above the sums necessary
for the payment of interest on the public debt during the same year,
and for satisfying other prior appropriations.
APPROVED, December 23, 1791.
STATUTE 1.
CHAP. IV.-Jn Act fur carrying into effect a Contract between the United States January 3,1792.
and the Slate of Pennsylvania.
For duly conveying to the state of Pennsylvania a certain tract of
land, the right to the government and jurisdiction whereof was relin-
quished to the ;aid state by a resolution of Congress of the fourth day
of September, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight,
and whereof the right of soil has been sold by virtue of a previous reso-
lution of Congress of the sixth day of June in the said year;
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representativesof the United Tract of land
States of America, in Congress assembled, That the President of the conveyed to
Pennsylvania on
United States be authorized, on fulfilment of the terms stipulated on the certain con-
part of the state of Pennsylvania, to issue letters patent, in the name and ditions.
under the seal of the United States, granting and conveying to the said
state forever the said tract of land, as the same was ascertained by a
survey made in pursuance of the resolution of Congress of the sixth day
of June one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.
APPROVED, January 3, 1792.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. V.-dn Act to extend the time limited for settling the Accounts of the Jan. 23, 1792.
United States with the individualStates.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Obsolete.]
tines of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Board of cor-
powers of the Board of Commissioners which, by an act passed in the missioners for
second session of the first Congress, was established to settle the accounts settlement
accounts con.
of
between the United States and individual states, shall continue until the tinued till 1793.
first day of July one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, unless 1793, ch. 16.
the business shall be sooner accomplished.
Snc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the aforesaid act shall extend To settle with
to the settlement of the accounts between the United States and the Vermont.
state of Vermont: and that until the first day of December next shall be 1790, ch. 38.
allowed for the said state to exhibit its claims.
SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That from and after the passing of Pay of prin-
this act, the pay of the principal clerk of the said board shall be the same cipal clerk.
as the pay of the principal clerk in the auditor's office.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. VI.-A/2n let concerning certainFisheries of the United Stales, and for the Feb. 16, 1792.
regulation and government if the Fishermen employed therein.
SECTtON 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Expired.]
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Act of April
allowance now made upon the exportation of dried fish of the fisheries 12,1800, ch. 22.
Allowance in
of the United States, in lieu of a drawback of the duties paid on the lieu of draw-
salt used in preserving the same, shall cease on all dried fish exported back on export.
after the tenth day of June next, and as a commutation and equivalent i" of dried
therefor, there shall be afterwards paid on the last day of December an- June 1792.
nually, to the owner of every vessel or his agent, by the collector of the Act of June
district where such vessel may belong, that shall be qualified agreeably 19,1813. Actor
July 29, 1813.
to law, for carrying on the bank and other cod fisheries, and that shall And as an
actually have been employed therein at sea for the term of four months equivalent each
U

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. 1. "Cii 6. 1792.
fishing vessel at the least, of the fishing season, next preceding which season is ac-
allowed a sum
according to counted to be from the 'last day of February to the last day in Novem-
burden not to ber in every year, for each and every ton of such vessel'sburthen accord-
exceed
1792, $170.
ch. 27,ing to her admeasurement as licensed or enrolled, if of twenty tons and
se. 6. not exceeding thirty tons, one and an half dollars, and if above thirty
1797, ch. 15, tons two and an half dollars, of which allowance aforesaid three eighth
see. 2. parts shall accrue and belong to the owner of such fishing vessel, and
the other five eighths thereof shall be divided by him, his agent or lawful
representative, to and among the several fishermen who shall have been
employed in such vessel during the season aforesaid, or a part thereof,
as the case may be, in such proportions as the fish they shall respectively
have taken may bear to the whole quantity of fish taken on board such
vessel during such season: Provided, That the allowance aforesaid on
any one vessel, for one season, shall not exceed one hundred and
seventy dollars.
Annual allow- SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That on the last day of Decem-
anve to fishing ber annually, as aforesaid, there shall also be paid to the owner of
vessels above every
five tons, fishing boat or vessel of more than five tons, and less than twenty tons,
or to his agent or lawful representative, by the collector of the district
where, such boat or vessel may belong, the sum of one dollar upon every
ton admeasurement of such boat or vessel ; which allowance shall be
accounted for as part of the proceeds of the fares of said boat or vessel,
and shall accordingly be so divided among all persons interested therein :
Providedhowever, That this allowance shall be made only to such boats
or vessels as shall have actually been employed at sea in the cod fishery,
for the term of four months at the least, of the preceding season: And
under what reg- provided also, That such boat or vessel shall have landed in the course
ujations. of said preceding season, a quantity of fish not less than twelve quintals
for every ton of her admeasurement; the said quantity of fish to be as-
certained when dried and cured fit for exportation, and according to the
weight thereof, as the same shall weigh at the time of delivery when ac-
tually sold; which account of the weight, with the original adjustment
and settlement of the fare or fares among the owners and fishermen,
together with a written account of the length, breadth and depth of said
boat or vessel, and the time she has actually been employed in the fishery
in the preceding season, shall in all cases be produced and sworn or
affirmed to, before the said collector of the district, in order to entitle
the owner, his agent or lawful representative, to receive the allowance
aforesaid. And if at any time within one year after payment of such
allowance, it shall appear that any fraud or deceit has been practised in
obtaining the same, the boat or vessel upon which such allowance shall
have been paid, if found within the district aforesaid, shall be forfeited;
otherwise the owner or owners having practised such fraud or deceit,
shall forfeit and pay one hundred dollars; to be sued for, recovered and
appropriated in like manner as forfeitures and penalties are to be sued
for, recovered and appropriated for any breach of an act, entitled " An
1790, ch. 35. act to provide more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed
by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United
States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels."
Owners of SEC. 3, And be it further enacted, That the owner or owners of every
fishing vessels fishing vessel of twenty tons and upwards, his or their agent or lawful
how to proceed
to obtain the al. representative, shall, previous to receiving the allowance which is provid-
lowances granted for in this act, produce to the collector who is authorized to pay the
ed by this act. same, the original agreement or agreements which may have been made
with the fishermen employed on board such vessel, as is herein before
required, and also a certificate to be by him or them subscribed, therein
mentioning the particular days on which such vessel sailed and returned
on the several voyages or fares, she may have made in the preceding
fishing season, to the truth of which they shall swear or affirm before
the collector aforesaid.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. Ca. 6. 1792.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That no ship or vessel of twenty ownersoffish.

tons or upwards, employed as aforesaid, shall be entitled to the allowing yessels how
anee granted by this act, unless the skipper or master thereof shall, be- obtiproceed a
fore he proceeds on any fishing voyage, make an agreement in writing lowances grant.
or in print, with every fisherman employed therein, excepting only any ed by this act.
apprentice or servant of himself or owner ; and in addition to such terms
of shipment as may be agreed on, shall in such agreement express
whether the same is to continue for one voyage or for the fishing season,
and shall also express that the fish or the proceeds of such fishing voy-
age or voyages which may appertain to the fishermen, shall be divided
among them in proportion to the quantities or number of said fish they
may respectively have caught; which agreement shall be endorsed or
countersigned by the owner of such fishing vessel, or his agent: And if
any fisherman having engaged himself for a voyage or for the fishing
season, in any fishing vessel, and signed an agreement therefor as afore-
said, shall thereafter and while such agreement remains in force and to
be performed, desert or absent himself from such vessel, without leave
of the master or skipper thereof, or of the owner or his agent, such de
serter shall be liable to the same penalties as deserting seamen or mari-
ners are subject to in the merchant's service, and may in the like manner,
and upon the like complaint and proof, be apprehended and detained;
and all costs of process and commitment, if paid by the master or owner,
shall be deducted out of the share of fish, or proceeds of any fishing
voyage to which such deserter had or shall become entitled, And any 1790, ch. 29,
fisherman, having engaged himself as aforesaid, who shall during such sec. 7.
fishing voyage, refuse or neglect his proper duty on board the fishing
vessel, being thereto ordered or required by the master or skipper there-
of, or shall otherwise resist his just commands, to the hindrance or detri-
ment of such voyage, beside being answerable for all damages arising
thereby, shall forfeit to the use of the owner of such vessel, his share
of the allowance, which shall be paid upon such voyage as is herein
granted.
SEc. 5. And be it further enacted, That where an agreement or con-
tract shall be so made and signed, for a fishing voyage or for the fishing
season, and any fish which may have been caught on board such vessel
during the same, shall be delivered to the owner or to his agent, for
cure, and shall be sold by said owner or agent, such vessel shall for the
term of six months after such sale, be liable and answerable for the
skipper's and every other fisherman's share of such fish, and may be pro-
ceeded against in the same form, and to the same effect, as any other
vessel is by law liable, and may be proceeded against for the wages of
seamen or mariners in the merchant's service. And upon such process 1790, ch. 29,
for the value of a share or shares of the proceeds of fish delivered and sec. 6.
sold as aforesaid, it shall be incumbent on the owner or his agent, to
produce a just account of the sales and division of such fish according
to such agreement or contract, otherwise the said vessel shall be answer-
able upon such process for what may be the highest value of the share
or shares demanded. But in all cases, the owner of such vessel or his
agent, appearing to answer to-such process, may offer thereupon his ac-
count of general supplies made for such fishing voyage, and of- other
supplies therefor made, to either of the demandants, and shall be allow-
ed to produce, evidence thereof in answer to their demands respectively,
and judgment shall be rendered upon such process, for the respective
balances, which upon such an inquiry shall appear: Provided always,
That when process shall be issued against any vessel liable as aforesaid,
if the owner thereof or his agent will give bond to each fisherman in
whose favour such process shall be instituted, with sufficient security, to
the satisfaction of two justices of the peace, one of-whom slili b6-named
by such owner or agent, and the other by th6 fishermaiior fiii-ermen

232 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. COii7. 1792.
pursuing such process; or if either party shall refuse, then the justice
first appointed shall name his issociate, with condition to answer and
pay whatever sum shall be recovered by him or them on such process,
there shall be an immediate discharge of such vessel: Provided, That
nothing herein contained shall prevent any fisherman from having -his
action at common law, for his share or shares of fish, or the proceeds •
thereof as aforesaid.
Drawback on SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the drawback heretofore
salted fish, &c. allowed on the exportation of foreign dried and pickled fish, and other
repealed, and foreign salted provisions, be and the same is hereby repealed.
monies arising SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, Tha the monies which shall re-
therefrom a- main in consequence of the abolition of the allowance on the exporta-
propriated to
pay allowances tion of the dried fish of the United States, and of the drawback on
granted by this foreign dried and pickled fish, and other foreign salted provisions, be,
act. and the same are hereby appropriated to the payment of the allowances
1789, ch. 2. granted by this act, and in case the monies so appropriated shall be in-
adequate, the deficiency shall be supplied out of any monies which from
time to time shall be in the treasury of the United States, and not other-
wise appropriated.
Penalty on SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That any person who shall declare
swearing false- falsely in any oath or affirmation required by this act, being duly con-
ly. victed thereof in any court of the United States, having jurisdiction of
such offence, shall suffer the same penalties as are provided for false
1790,
ch. 35, swearing, or affirming, by the act before mentioned, and to be in like
manner sued for, recovered and appropriated.
Limitation. SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
be in force for the term of seven years, and from thence to the end of
1800, ch. 22. the next session of Congress, and no longer.
APPROVED, February 16, 1792.
STATUTE I
Feb. 20, 1792. CIIAP. VII.-./n Yct to establish.the Post-Oftie and Post Roads within the United
States.
[Obsolete.] i
Establishing SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
pos roads after tives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That
1st June next.
from and after the first day of June next, the following roads be estab-
1794, ch. 23. lished as post roads, namely: From Wisseassett in the district of Maine,
to Savannah in Georgia, by the following route, to wit: Portland, Ports-
mouth, Newburyport, Ipswich, Salem, Boston, Worcester, Springfield,
Hartford, Middletown, New Haven, Stratford, Fairfield, Norwalk, Stam-
ford, New York, Newark, Elizabethtown, Woodbridge, Brunswick,
Princeton, Trenton, Bristol, Philadelphia, Chester,Wilmington, Elkton,
Charlestown, Havre de Grace, Hartford, Baltimore, Bladensburg, George-
town, Alexandria, Colchester, Dumfries, Fredericksburg, Bowling Green,
Hanover Court House, Richmond, Petersburg, Halifax, Tarborough,
Smithfield, Fayetteville, Newbridge over Drowning creek, Cheraw Court
House, Camden, Statesburg, Columbia, Cambridge and Augusta; and
from thence to Savannah, and from Augusta by Washington in Wilkes
county to Greenborough, and from thence by the great falls of Ogechee
and Georgetown, to Augusta, and from Statesburg to Charleston, and
from Charleston to Georgetown, from Charleston to Savannah, and from
Savannah, by Newport bridge to Sunbury; and also from Portsmouth
by Exeter and Concord, to Hanover in New Hampshire; and from Sa-
lem to Marblehead, and from Salem to Gloucester; and from Boston, by
Providence, Newport, and New London, to New Haven, and from Boston,
th'rsough Taunton, to New Bedford; and fron Taunton, through Warren
asff 'ristol, to Newport, and from Boston, by Plymouth, to Barnstable;
and from Springfield in the state of Massachusetts, to Kinderhook in the

SECOND CONGRESS. Snss. 1. Cn. 7. 1792.
state ofNew York, and from Springfield, by Northampton, Brattleborough, Establishment

of post roads
and Charlestown, by Windsor in Vermont, to Hanover, and from Hartford, after 1st June
by Middletown, to New London; also from Hartford to Norwich, and next.
Providence; and from Providence to Worcester, and from Philadelphia,
by Lancaster,Yorktown, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg, Bedford,
and Greensburg, to Pittsburg; and from Philadelphia to Bethlehem;
from Bethlehem, by Reading and Harrisburg, to Carlisle, and from
Bethlehem, by Easton, Sussex Court House, Goshen, Ward's Bridge,
and Kingston, to Rhinebeck; from Philadelphia, by Salem, to Bridge-
town; and from Wilmington, by Warwick, Georgetown, Cross Roads,
Chestertown, Chester Mills, and Easton, to Vienna; and from Vienna,
by Salisbury, to Snow Hill; also from Wilmington, by Newcastle,
Cantwell's Bridge and Duck Creek, to Dover; and from thence by Mil-
ford, Dagsboiough, Snow Hill, and Northampton Court House, to Nor-
folk in Virginia; and from Baltimore to Annapolis, Upper Marlborough,
Piscatawa, Port Tobacco, Allen's Fresh, Newport, and Chaptico, to
Leonardtown; and from Richmond, by Williamsburg, Yorktown and
Hampton, to Norfolk; and from Fredericksburg, by Port Royal an
Tappahanock, to Urbanna; and from thence, crossing Rappahanock,
and proceeding by Northumberland Court House, to Kinsale on the
river Yeocomico, thence by Westmoreland Court House, through Leeds-
town, to Fredehicksburg; and from Petersburg, by Cabin Point, Smith-
field, and Suffolk, to Portsmouth, and from Suffolk, to Edenton, and by
Plymouth to Washington; and from Washington to Newbern, and
thence to Wilmington; and from Fayetteville, by Elizabethtown, to
Wilmington; and from Halifax, by Warrington, Hillsborough, Salem,
to Salisbury; from Halifax, by Bluntsville, Williamston, Daileys to Ply-
mouth; and from Edenton, by Hertford, Nixonton, Sawyer's Ferry, in
Camden county, to Indiantown, in Currituck county; and from New
York, by Albany, Bennington, Manchester and Rutland, to Burlington,
on Lake Champlain; and from Albany, by Schenectady, to Connajor-
harrie; from New York to Hartford, through Whiteplains, North Castle,
Salem, Poundridge, Ridgefield, Danbury, Newtown, New Milford, Litch-
field, Harrington and Farmington; from Newark or Efizabethtown, by
Morristown, to Sussex Court House; from Woodbridge to Amboy;
from Alexandria, by Salisbury, Leesburg, Shepherdstown, Martinsburg,
Winchester, Stevensburg, Strasburg, Woodstock, and Rockingham
Court House, to Staunton; and from Richmond, by Columbia, Char-
lottesville, Staunton, Lexington, Fincastle, Montgomery Court House,
"Wythe Court House, Abingdon, and Hawkins Court House, in the
territory South of the river Ohio, to Danville in Kentucky; and from
Baltimore, by Fredericktown and Sharpsburg, to Hagarstown; and
from thence to Chambersbuig: Provided, That the route, by which the
mails are at present conveyed, shall in no case be altered, without the
consent of the contractors, till the contracts made by the Postmaster
General shall be determined.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful P. M. Gen.
for the Postmaster General to enter into contracts, for a term not exceed- may enter into
contracts for
ing eight years, for extending the line of posts, and to authorize the carrying mail
person or persons, so contracting, to receive, during the continuance not to exceed.
of such contract, according to the rates by this act established, all the eight years.
postage which shall arise on letters, newspapers -and pzkets, conveyed
by any such post; and the roads, therein designated, shall, during the
continuance of such contract, be deemed and considered as post roads,
within the terms and provisions of this act: Provided, That no such
contract shall be made, to the diminution of the revenue of the general
post-office, and that a duplicate of every such contract, under hand and
seal, shall, within sixty days after the execution thereof, be lodged in
the offife of the comptroller of the treasury of the United States.
VOL. I.-30 u2

234 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss.. 1. CH. 7. 1792.
General post. SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That there shall be established,
oice at seat of at the seat of the government of the United States, a genera] post-office.
government. And there shall be one Postmaster General, who shall have authority to
appoint an assistant, and deputy postmasters, at all places where such
shall be found necessary. And he shall provide for carrying the mail
of the United States, by stage carriages or horses, as he may judge most
expedient; and as often as he, having regard to the productiveness there-
of, as well as other circumstances, shall think proper, and defray the ex-
pense thereof, with all other expenses arising on the collection and
management of the revenue of the post-office. He shall also have
power to prescribe such regulations to the deputy postmasters, and others
employed under him, as may be found necessary, and to superintend the
business of the department, in all the duties that are, or may be assigned
to it, and also to direct the route or road, where there ate more than
one, between the places above established, which route or road shall
be considered as the post road.
P. M. Gen. to SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That the Postmaster General shall,
settle accounts once in three months, obtain from his deputies, the accounts and vouch-
quarterly, ers of their receipts and expenditures, and the balances due thereon,
and render to the secretary of the treasury, a quarterly account of all
the receipts and expenditures in the said department, to be adjusted
and settled as other public accounts, and shall pay, quarterly, into the
treasury of the United States, the balance in his hands. And the Post-
and, with per- master General, and his assistant, the deputy postmasters, and such as
sons employed they may employ in their offices, shall, respectively, before they enter
by him, upon the duties, or be entitled to receive the emoluments of their offices,
and the contractors for carrying the mail, anal their agents or servants,
to whom the mail shall be entrusted, before they commence the execu-
tion of said trust, shall, respectively, take and subscribe before some
justice of the-peace, the following oath or affirmation, and cause a certi-
ficate thereof to be filed in the office of the Postmaster General; "I do
to take oath. swear (or affirm as the case may be) that I will faithfully perform all the
duties required of me, and abstain from every thing forbidden by the
law in relation to the establishment of post-offices and post-roads within
the United States."
Penalty ontheob-
structing Sie. 5. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall obstruct
mail arid n or retard the passage of the mail, or of any horse or carriage carrying
gence of ferry. the same, he shall, upon conviction for every such offence, pay a fine
men. not exceeding one hundred dollars. And if any ferryman shall, by
wilful negligence, or refusal to transport the mail across any ferry,
delay the same, he shall forfeit, and pay, for each half hour that the
same shall he Po delayed, a sum not exceeding ten dollars.
Postmaster SEc. 6. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
General to give Postmaster General, to give public notice in one or more of the news-
notice previous
to making con- papers published at the seat of government of the United States, and in
tract for con. one or more of the newspapers published in the state or states where the
veying the mail, contract is to be performed, for at least six weeks before the entering
and into any contract for the conveyance of the mail that such contract is
intended to he made, and the day on which it shall be concluded;
describing the places, from and to which such mail is to be conveyed;
the time at which it is to be made up; the day and hour, at which it is
to be delivered; and the penalty or penalties for non-performance of the
lodge the con- stipulations. He shall, moreover, within thirty days after the making
tract in the of any contract, lodge the same, together with the proposals which he
ofie., shall have received respecting the same, in the office of the comptroller
of the treasury of the United States.
Dep. P. M. to SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That every deputy postmaster shall
keep an office, keep an office in which one or more persons shall attend at such hours
as the Postmaster General shall direct, for the purpose zi -forming the

SECOND CONGRESS. Sxss. L. Ck. 7. 1792.
duties thereof. And all letters brought to any post-office, half an hour
before the time of making up the mail at such office, shall be forwarded
therein.
SEc. S. And be it further enacted, That from and after the passing Allowance to
of this act, the Postmaster General shall be allowed, for his services, at P- M. G. and
assistant, at the rate of assistant.
the rate of two thousand dollars per annum, his
one thousand dollars per annum, to be paid, quarterly, out of the revenues
of the post-office: and no fees or perquisites shall be received by either
of them, on account of the duties to be performed in virtue of their
appointments.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day Ratesof posl.
of June next, the deputy postmaster and persons authorized by the Post- age from 1st
master General, shall demand and receive, for the postage and convey-
ance of letters and packets, except such as are herein after excepted,
-according to the several rates and sums following: For the postage of
every single letter, to or from any place by land not exceeding thirty
miles, six cents; over thirty miles, and not exceeding sixty, eight cents;
over sixty miles, and not exceedirig one hundred, ten cents; over ole
hundred miles, and not exceeding one hundred and fifty, twelve cents
and a half;.over one hundred and fifty miles, and not exceeding two
hundred, fifteen cents; over two hundred miles, and not exceeding two
hundred and fifty, seventeen cents; over two hundred and fifty miles,
and not exceeding three hundred and fifty, twenty cents; over three
hundred and fifty miles, and not exceeding four hundred and fifty,
twenty-two cents; and to or from any place by land, more than four
hundred and fifty miles, twenty-five 'cents ; and every double letter shall
pay double the said rates; every triple letter, triple; every packet weigh-
ing one ounce avoirdupois, to pay, at the rate of four single letters for
each ounce, and in that proportion, for any greater weight.
SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That all letters and packas, Rates of let-
passing by sea to and from the United States, or from one port to an- ters and packea
other therein, in packet boats or vessels, the property of, or provided by ssiegby sea.
the United States, shall be rated and charged, as follows: For every
single letter, eight cents; for every double letter, sixteen cents; for
every triple letter or packet, twenty-four cents; for every letter or packet
brought into the United States, or carried from one port therein to
another by sea, in any private ship or vessel, four cents, if delivered at
the place where the same shall arrive; and if directed to be delivered
at any other place, with the addition of the like postage, as other ]dtters
are mhde subject to the payment of by this act.
SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That if any deputy postmaster, or Penalty an de-
other person authorized by the Postmaster General, to receive the post- omanding or re-
ceiving beyond
ages of letters, shal ftaudulently demand or receive any rate of postage, stipulated post-
or any gratuity or reward, other than is provided by this act for the age.
postage of letters or packets on conviction thereof, he shall forfeit for
every such offence, one hundred dollars, and shall be rendered incapable
of holding any office under the United States.
SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That no ship orvessel, arriving Duty of mas.
at any port within the United States, where a post-office is established, ters prvos•to
of vessels
shall be permitted to repolrt, make entry or break bulk, till the master making repoi,
or commander shall have delivered to the postmaster, all letters directed &C.
to any person or persons within the United States, which, under his care
or within his power, shall be brought in such ship or vessel, other than
such as are directed to the owner or consignee: but when a vessel shall
be bound to another port, than that, at which she may enter, the letters
belonging to, or to be delivered at the said port of delivery, shall not be
delivered to the postmaster at the port of entry. And it shall be the
duty of the collector or other officer of the port, empowered to receive
entries of ships or vessels, to require from every master or commander

SECOND CONGRESS. Szss. I. Cn. 7. 1792.
236
of such ship or vessel, an oath or affirmation, purporting that he has
delivered all such letters, except as aforesaid.
Duty of P. M. Svc. 13. And be it further enacted, That the postmasters to whom
on receipt of such letters may be delivered, shall pay to the master, commander, or
letters f'rom for. the commanders of foreign
eign packets, other person delivering the same, except
&c. packets, two cents for every such letter or packet; and shall obtain from
the person delivering the same, a certificate specifying the number of
letters and packetq, with the name of the ship or vessel, and the place
from whence she last sailed; which certificate, together with a receipt
for the money, shall be with his half-yearly accounts, transmitted to the
Postmaster General, who shall credit the amount thereof to the post-
master forwarding the same.
Penalty on SEc. 14. And be it further enacted, That if any by person, other than
persons offend. the Postmaster General, or his deputies, or persons or them employed,
ing against this shall take up, receive, order, dispatch, convey, carry deliver any letter
or letters, packet or packets, other than newspapers, for hire or reward,
or shall be concerned in setting- up any foot or horse post, wagon or
.other carriage, by or in which any letter or packet shall be carried
for
hire, o4 any established post-road, or any packet, or other vessel or
boat, or any conveyance whatever, whereby the revenue of the general
post-office may be injured, every person, so offending, shall forfeit, for
every such offence, the sum of two -hundred dollars. Provided,That
it shall and may be lawful for every person to send letters or packets by
special messenger.
Sac. 15. And be it further enacted, That the deputy postmasters or
Deputies to answer to him,
account with P. agents of the Postmaster General, shall duly account andand rates in the
M. G. for bye for all bye or way-letters, and shall specify the number
post bill. And if any deputy postmaster or agent shall neglect so to
Penalty on account, he or they so offending, shall, on conviction thereof, forfeit, for
neglecting, every such offence, a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars.
Sac. 16. And be it further enacted, That if any person, employed in
detaining, de. unlawfully
laying, or so- any 'of the departments of the general post-office, shall
cretIag letters, detain, delay, or open, any letter, packet, bag or mail of letters, with
which he shall be entrusted, or which shall have come to his possession,
and which are intended to be conveyed by post: Or if any such person
shall secrete, embezzle or destroy any letter or packet, entrusted to him,
as aforesaid, and which shall not contain any security for, or assurance
relating to money, as herein after described, every such offender, being
thereof duly convicted, shall, for every such offence, be fined not exceed-
ing three hundred dollars, or imprisoned not exceeding six months, or
both, according to the circumstances and aggravations of the offence.
And if any person employed as aforesaid, shall secrete, embezzle or
destroy,' any letter, packet, bag, or mail of letters, with which he shall
be entrusted, or which shall have come to his possession, and are in-
tended to be conveyed by post, containing any bank note, or bank post
bill, bill of exchange, warrant of the treasury of the United States,
note of assignment of stock in the funds, letters of attorney for receiving
annuities or dividends, or for selling stock in the funds, or for receiving
the interest thereof, or any letter of credit, or note for, or relating to the
payment of money, or other bond or warrant, draft, bill, or promissory
note whatsoever, for the payment of money; or if any such persqn,
employed as aforesaid, shall steal or take any of the same out of any
letter, packet, bag or mail of letters, that shall come to his possession,
he shail, on conviction for any such offence, suffer death. And if any
person, who shall have taken charge of the mail of the United States,
shall quit or desert the same, before his arrival at the next post-office,
every such person, so offending, shall forfeit and pay a sum, not exceed-
ing five hundred dollars, for every such offence. And if any person,
concerned in carrying the mail of the Unitet States, shall collect,

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. 1. Ca. 7. 1792. i37
receive or curry any letter or packet, or shall cause or procure the same
to be done, contrary to this act, every such offender. shall forfeit and
pay, for every such offence, a sum not exceeding fifty dollars.
SEc. 17. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons Penalty on
shall rob any carrier of the mail of the Unite11 States, of such mail, or persons robbing
if any person shall rob the mail, in which letters are sent to be conveyed the sail.
by post, of any letter or packet, or shall steal such mail, or shall steal
and take from or out of the same, or from or out of any post-office, any
letter or packet, such offender or offenders shall, on conviction thereof,
suffer death.(a)
SE.c. 18. And be it further enacted, That the deputy postmasters Deputies to
shall, respectively, publish at the expiration of every three months, in publish every a
three months
list of letters
one of the newspapers published at, or nearest the place of his residence,
for three successive weeks, a list of all the letters then remaining in then on hand,
their respective offices ; and at the expiration of the next three months, 8e.
shall send such of the said letters as then remain on hand, as dead let-
ters, to the general post-office, where the same shall be opened and
inspected; and if any valuable papers or matter of consequence, shall,
be found therein, it shall be the duty of the Postmaster General, to cause
a descriptive list thereof to be inserted in one of the newspapers, pub-
lished at the place most convenient to where the owner may be supposed
to reside, if within the United States, and such letter and the contents
shall be preserved, to be delivered to the person, to whom the same shall
be addressed, upon payment of the postage, and the expense of publica-
tion.
SEc. 19. And be it further enacted, That the following letters and Certain letters
packets, and no other,,shall be received and conveyed by post, free of to be conveyed
postage, under such restrictions, as are hereinafter provided ; that is to free
of postage.
say: All letters and packets to or from the President or Vice President
of the United States, and all letters and packets, not exceeding two
ounces in weight, to or from any member of the Senate or House of
Representatives, the Secretary of the Senate or Clerk of the House of
Representatives, during their actual attendance in any session of Con-
gress, and twenty days after such session. All letters to and from the
Secretary of the Treasury, and his assistant, Comptroller, Register, and
Auditor of the Treasury, the Treasurer, the Secretary of State, the
Secretary at War, the Coinmissioners for settling the accounts between
the United States and individual states, the Postmaster General and his
(a) Robbing the mail of the United States. The defendant was indicted on the 24th section of the act
of Congress, of March 3, 1825, entitled " An act to reduce into one the several acts establishing and
regulating the Post-office department," for advising, procuring, and assisting one Joseph J. Straughan,
a mail carrier, to rob the mail of the United States, and was found guilty. Upon this finding the judges
of the Circuit Court of South Carolina were divided in opinion upon the question, whether an indict-
ment founded on the statute for advising, &-c., a mail carrier to rob the mail, ought to set forth snd aver
that the said carrier did commit the offence bf robbing the mail. By the Supreme Court : the answer to
this as an abstract proposition, must be in the affirmative, but if the question intended to be put, is,
whether there must be a distinct substantive averment of the fact, it is not necessary. United States v.
Iills, 7 Peters, 13S.
Upon an indictment for robbing the mail, and putting the person in custody of it in jeopardy, under
the 19th section of the act of April 30, 1310, a sword, &c., in the hand of the robber, by terror of which
the robbery is effected, is a dangerous weapon within the act, putting the life in jeopardy, though it be
not drawn, or pointed at the carrier. So a pistol in his hands, by means of which the robbery is effected,
is a dangerous weapon ; and it is not necessary to prove that It was charged : it is presumed to be se
until the contrary is proved. United States v. Wood, 3 Wash. C. C. R. 440.
It is not necessary to a conviction uvder the 22d section, that the carier of the mail should have taken
the oath prescribed by the 2d section of the act of 1825, or that the whole mail be taken. The United
States v. Wilson, I Baldwin's C. C. R. 102.
The word "4rob," in the act of Congress of 1825, section 22, is used in the common law sense.
Ibid.
"Jeopardy," as used in the section, means a well grounded apprehension of danger to life, in case of
refusal to yield to threats, or resistance. Ibid.
A mail carrier is within the 18th section of the act regulating the post-office establishment, " subject.
ing to a penalty in certain cases, persons employed in any of the departments ofthe general post-office."
United States v. Belew, 2 Brockenb. C. C. R. 230.

-SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. I. CH. 7. 1792.
Certain letters assistant: Povided, That no person shall frank or enclose any letter or
free of postage. packet, other than his own; but any public letter or packet from the
department of the Treasury may be franked by the Secretary of the
Treasury, or the assistant Secretary, or by the Comptroller, Register,
Auditor or Treasurer; and that each person before named shall deliver
to the post-office every letter or packet enclosed to him, which may be
directed to any other person, noting the place, from whence it came by
post, and the usual postage shall be charged thereon.
Penalty on SEC. 20. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall coun-
counterfeiting. terfeit the hand-writing of any other person, in order to evade the pay-
the franking to
evade postage. ment of postage; such person or persons, so offending, and being thereof
duly convicted, shall forfeit and pay, for every such offence, the sum of
one hundred dollars.
Privilege of SEc. 21. And be it further enacted, That every printer of newspa-
news printers. pers may send one paper to each and every other printer of newspapers
within the United States, free of postage, under such regulations, as the
Postmaster General shall provide.
Newspapers SEC. 22. And be it further enacted, That all newspapers, conveyed
upw to be put in thefrom
bags mail, the
shallletters,
be under a cover open at one end, carried in separate
and charged with the payment of one cent, for
any distance not more than one hundred miles, and one cent and a half
for any greater distance: And it shall be the duty of the Postmaster
General and his deputy, to keep a separate account for the newspapers,
and the deputy postmasters shall receive fifty per cent. on the postage of
all newspapers: And if any other matter or thing he enclosed in such
papers, the whole packet shall be charged, agreeably to the rates estab-
lished by this act, for letters or packets. And if any of the persons em-
ployed in any department of the post-office, shall unlawfully detain,
delay, embezzle or destroy any newspaper, with which he shall be en-
trusted, such offenders, for every suci offence, shall forfeit a sum, not
P. M. Gen. exceeding fifty dollars: Provided, That the Postmaster General, in any
traypermitcon,
tractor to carry contract, he may enter into, for the conveyance of the mail, may author-
newspapers; ize the person, with whom such contract is made, to carry newspapers,
and other than those conveyed in the mail.
allow such corn. SEC. 23. And be it.farther enacted, That the Postmaster General be,
mission to depu- and he is hereby authorized to allowto thedeputy postmasters respectively,
ties as he may
deem adequate, such commission on the monies arising from the postage of letters and
not to exceed, packets, as he shall think adequate to their respective services: Pro-
&c. vided, That the said commission shall not exceed forty per cent, to any
deputy, whose compensation thereby shall not exceed fifty dollars, nor
thirty per cent. to any deputy, whose compensation thereby shall not ex-
ceed one hundred dollars, nor twenty per cent. to any other deputy, ex-
cept the postmaster at the port, where the European packets do, or shall
steadily arrive: to whom such farther allowance, in addition to the emol-
umentsof his office, shall be made, ag the Postmaster General shall deem
a reasonable compensation for his extra services in the receipt and dis-
patch of letters, originally received into his office, from on board such
packets, and by him forwarded to other offices: And provided also,
to any one That the oompensations aforesaid shall not exceed eighteen hundred
$1,800 per an- dollars per annum to any bne postmaster for all services by him ren-
aiimn. dered
P. M. Gen. to SEc. 24. And be it ,further enacted, That if any deputy postmaster
prosecute.depu- or other person, authorized to receive the postage of letters and packets,
ties neglecting
to settle quar. shall neglect or refise to render his accounts, dnd pay over to the Post-
terly-and pen. master General, the balance by him due, at the end of every three
alty onthereof
glect his ne- months, it shall op the duty of the Postmaster General, to cause a suit
to be commenced against tmhe person or persons so neglecting or refus-
ing: And if the Postmaster General shall not cause such suit to be com-
menced within three months, from the end of every such three, months,

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. I. CH. 8. 1792.
the balances due from every such delinquent shall be charged to, and
recoverable from the Postmaster General.
SEC. 25. And be it further enacted, That all pecuniary penalties and Appropriation
forfeitures, incurred under this act, shall be, one half for the use of the ofpenalties un-
der this act.
person or persons informing and prosecuting for the same, the other half
to the use of the United States.
SEC. 26. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the P. M. Gen. to
Postmaster General, to make provision, where it may be necessary, for make provision
the receipt of all letters and packets intended to be conveyed by any etters sent or
ship or vessel, beyond sea, or from any port of the United States to an- received by sea.
other port therein; and the letters so received shall be formed into a
mail, sealed up, and directed to the postmaster of the port to which such
ship or vessel shall be bound. And for every letter or packet so received,
there shall be paid, at the time of its reception, a postage of one cent.
And the Postmaster General may make arrangements with the postmas-
ters in any foreign country for the reciprocal receipt and delivery of
letters and packets, through the post-offices.
Sec. 27. And be it further enacted, That the deputy postmasters, and Postmasters
the persons employed -in the transportation of the mail, shall be exempt &c. exempt
militia
from
duty.
thereof.
from militia duties, or any fine or penalty for neglect
Sac. 28%And be it further enacted, That all the surplus revenue of Airropriations
the general post-office, which shall have accrued, previous to the first of surplus
enue rev-
of general
day of June next, .not heretofore appropriated, be and the same is here- post-office.
by appropriated towards defraying any deficiency which may arise in the
revenue of the said department for the year next ensuing.
Sac. 24). And be it further enacted, That the act passed the last ses- Former acts
sion of Congress, intituled "An act to continue in force, for a limited continued till
time, an act, intituled 'An act for the temporary establishment of the 1st June.
post-office,'" be, and the same is hereby continued in full force, until t79l, ch. 23.
the first day of June next, and no longer.
SEc. 30. And be it further enacted, That this act shall be in force Limitation of
for the term of two years, from the said first day of June next, and no this act.
longer.
STATzrr.
CHAP. VIII.-ndct relativeto the Election of a Presidentand Vice Presidentof March 1,1792.
the United States, and declaring the Officer who shall act as Presidentin case if
Vacancies in the offices both of Presidentand Vice President.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House qf Representatives [Obsolete.]
of the UnitedStates of America in Congressassembled, That except in case March
ch. 50.
26, 1804,
of an election of a President and Vice President of the United States, States how to
prior to the ordinary period as herein after specified, electors shall be ap- appoint electors
for election of
pointed in each state for the election of a President and Vice President president and
of the United States, within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednes- vice president;
day in December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and when to meet
and vote ;
within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday in December in
every fourth year succeeding the last election, which electors shall be
equal to the number of Senators and Representatives, to which the
several states may by law be entitled at the time, when the President
and Vice President, thus to be chosen, should come into office: Pro-
vided always, That where no apportionment of Representatives shall
have been made after any enumeration, at the time of choosing electors,
then the number of electors shall be according to the existing apportion-
ment of Senators and Representatives.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the electors shall meet and
give their votes on the said first Wednesday in December, at such place
in each state as shall be directed, by the legislature thereof; and the
electors in each state shall make and sign three certificates of all the

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cn. 8. 1792.
to sign three votes by them given, ard shall seal up the same certifying on each that
certificates of a list of the votes of such state for President and Vice President is con-
all the votes
given. tained therein, and shall by writing under their hands, or under the
How to be dis. hands of a majority of them, appoint a person to take charge of and
posed of. deliver to the President of the Senate, at the seat of government, before
the first Wednesday in January then next ensuing, one of the said certi.
ficates, and the said electors shall forthwith foKward by the post-office to
the President of the Senate, at the seat of government, one other of the
said certificates, and shall forthwith cause the other of the said certifi-
1904, ch. 50, cates to be delivered to the judge of that district in which the said elec
see. 1. tors shall assemble.
Duty of ex- SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That the executive authority of
ecutive of each each state shall cause three lists of the names of the electors of such
state; state to be made and certified and to be delivered to the electors on or
before the said first Wednesday in December, and the said electors shall
annex one of the said lists to each of the lists of their votes.
of Sec. of State SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That if a list of votes, from any
on non-receipt state, shall riot have been received at the seat of government on the said
of list of votes, first Wednesday in January, that then the Secretary of State shall send
a special messenger to the district judge in whose custody such list shall
have been lodged, who shall forthwith transmit the same to the seat of
government.
Congress to be SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That Congress shall be in session
in session on 2d on the second Wednesday in February, one thousand seven hundred
Wednesday in
Feb. 1793 and ninety-three, and on the second Wednesday in February succeeding
Twelfth amend. every meeting of the electors, and the said certificates, or so many of
mentof the con- them as shall have been received, shall then be opened, the votes counted,
stitution, p. 22. and the persons who shall fill the offices of President and Vice President
ascertained and declared, agreeably to the constitution.
Duty of per- SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That in case there shall be no
lois sent with President of the Senate at the seat of government on the arrival of the
lists of' votes
persons entrusted with the lists of the votes of the electors, then such per-
sons shall deliver the lists of votes in their custody into the office of the
Secretary of State, to be safely kept and delivered over as soon as may
be, to the President of the Senate.
allowance to SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That the persons appointed by the
them. electors to deliver the lists of votes to the President of the Senate, shall
be allowed on the delivery of the said lists twenty-five cents for every
mile of the estimated distance by the most usual road, from the place of
meeting of the electors, to the seat of government of the United States.
Penalty on SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That if any person appointed to
their neglect of deliver the votes of the electors to the President of the Senate, shall after
duty. accepting of his appointment neglect to perform the services required of
him by this act, he shall forfeit the sum of one thousand dollars.
Provision in SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That in case of removal, death,
case
&e.of of death resignation or inability both of the President and Vice President of the
president
and vice-presi- United States, the President of the Senate pro tempore, and in case there
dent; shall be no President of the Senate, then the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, for the time being shall act as President of the United
States until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.
duty of See. of SEc. 10. And be it further enacted, That whenever the offices of
State on such President and Vice President shall both become vacant, the Secretary
event, of State shall forthwith cause a notification thereof to be made to the
executive of every statb, and shall also cause the same to be published
in at least one of the newspapers printed in each state, specifying that
electors of the President of the United States shall be appointed or
chosen in'the several states within thirty-four days preceding the first
Wednesday in DecemBer then next ensuing: Provided,There shall be
the space of Iwo months between the date of such notification and the

SECOND CONGRESS. Ssss. I. Cu. 9. 1792.
said first Wednesday in December, but if there shall not be the space of
two months between the date of such notification and the first Wednes-
day in December; and if the term for which the President and Vice Pre-
sident last in office were elected shall not expire on the third day of
March next ensuing, then the Secretary of State shall specify in the no-
tification that the electors shall be appointed or chosen within thirty-four
days preceding the first Wednesday in December in the year next ensu-
ing, within which time the electors shall accordingly be appointed or
chosen, and the electors shall meet and give their votes on the said first
Wednesday in December, and the proceedings and duties of the said
electors and others shall be pursuant to the directions prescribed in this
act.
Szc. 11. And be it further ezacted, That the only evidence of a Evideace of
refusal to accept or of a resignation instumen office of President
of theinthe ameandor Vice office of"&e,
refusal, of
presi-
President, shall be an instrument in writing declaring the same, and sub- dent, &&
scribed by the person refusing to accept or resigning, as the case may be,
and delivered into the office of the Secretary of State.
SEC. 1"2. And be it further enacted, That the term of four years for When the term
which a President and Vice President shall be elected shall in all cases of four years
shall corn-
commence on the fourth day of March next succeeding the day on which unel,-
the votes of'the electors shall have been given.
STATrTE 1.
CHAP. IX.-.n .ct fur making farther and more effectual Provisionfor the March 5,179L
Protection ,f the Prontiersof the United States.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Repealed.]
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Battalion 'of
battalion of artillery now in service be complefed according to the artillery and
two regiruents
establishment, and that the two regimeats of infantry now in service, ofinfantryto be
be completed to the number of nine hundred and sixty non-commis- completed:
sioned officers, privates and musicians each.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That there shall be raised for a three additional
term not exceeding three years, three additional regiments, each of regiments
which, exclusively of the commissioned officers, shall consist of nine Repealed 1795,
hundred and sixty non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians; ch. 44, sec. 18.
and that one of the said regiments be organized in the following man-
ner, that is to say, two battalions of infantry, each of which, exclu-
sively of the commissioned officers, shall consist of three hundred and
twenty non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians; and one
squadron of light .dragoons which, exclusively of the commissioned
officers, shall consist of three hundred and twenty non-commissioned
officers, privates and musicians; and that it shall be a condition in the
enlistment of the said dragoons, to serve as dismounted dragoons, when-
ever they shall be ordered thereto: That the organization of the said how organized,
squadron of light dragoons shall be, as follows, to wit: one major, one
adjutant, one quartermaster, one surgeon's mate, and four troops, each
of which shall consist of-one captain, one lieutenant, one cornet, four
sergeants, four corporals, one farrier, one saddler, one trumpeter, and
sixty-nine dragoons; and the President may arm the sai troops, as he
shall think proper :
SEC. 3:, Provided always, and l& it further enacted, That it shall be and by whom.
lawful for the President of the United States to organize the said five
regiments of infantry, and the said corps of horse and artillery, as he
shall judge expedient, diminishing the number of corps, or taking from
one corps and adding to another, as shall appear to him proper, so that
the whole number of officers and men shall not exceed the limits above
prescribed: Provided, That the said three regimerrts sh-all be discharged
as soon as the United States shall be at peace with the Indian tribes.
VOL. 1.--31 X

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. L Cii. 9. 1792.
.Term of en- cers,

listment SEC. 4. And
privates andbemusicians
it further
of enacted, That regiments,
thb said three the non-commissioned offi-
shall be enlisted
for the term of three years, unless previously discharged.
bountyallowed. SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That every recruit who shall be
enlisted by virtue of this act, shall receive eight dollars bounty, and that
th6 same shall be made up to the non-commissioned officers, privates
and musicians now in service, who have enlisted for three years, since
1790, ch. 10. the passing of the act intituled "An act for regulating the military
establishment of the United States."
Allowance to SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, Thatithe commissioned officers,
recruiting ofi- who shall be employed to recruit for the establishment, shall be entitled
cers. to receive, for every recruit, duly enlisted and mustered, two dollars.
Of pay to the SEc. 7. And be it further enacted, That the monthly pay of the
troops. commissoned officers, non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians,
on the military establishment of the United States, and of the three
regiments authorized by this act, shall be, irk future, as follows, free of
all deductions, to wit :-GENERAL STAFF-A major-general, one hun-
dred and sixty-six dollars. A brigadier-general, one hundred and four
dollars. Quartermaster, one hundred dollars. Adjutant, to do also
the duty of inspector, seventy-five dollars. Chaplain, fifty dollars.
Surgeon, seventy dollars. Deputy quartermaster, fifty dollars. Aid-
de-canip, in addition to his pay in the line, twenty-four dollars. Brigade
major, to act also as deputy inspector, in addition to his pay in the line,
twenty-four dollars. Principal artificer, forty dollars. Second artificer,
twenty-six dollars. REGIMENTAL-Lieutenant colonel commandant,
seventy-five dollars. Major commandant of artillery, and major of
dragoons, fifty-five dollars. Paymaster, in addition to his pay in the
line, ten dollars: Quartermaster, in addition to his pay in the line,
eight dollars. Adjutant, in addition to his pay in the line, ten dollars.
Majors of infantry, fifty dollars. Captains, forty dollars. Lieutenants,
twenty-six dollars. Ensigns and cornets, twenty dollars. Surgeons,
forty-five dollars. Mates, thirty dollars. Sergeant majors and quarter
master sergeants, seven dollars. Senior musicians, six dollars. Sergeants,
six dollars. Corporals, five dollars. Privates, three dollars. Musicians,
four dollars. Artificers allowed to the infantry, light dragoons, and
artillery, and included as privates, eight dollars. Matrons and nurses
in the hospital, eight dollars.
Ratioas. SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That the rations, or money in
lieu thereof, for the commissioned, non-commissioned officers, privates
and musicians of the additional troops herein mentioned, shall be the
1790, ch. 10. same as described in the aforesaid act, intituled "An act for regulating
the military establishment of the United States," and in the act passed
1791, ch. 28. in the third session of the first Congress, intituled "An act for raising
and adding another regiment to the military establishment of the
United States, and for making farther provision for the protection of the
frontiers.
Forage. SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the forage, to be allowed
to the officers of the additional regiments authorized by this act, be the
same as described by the acts before mentioned.
Clothing. SEC. 10. And be it fiorther enacted, That the allowance of clothing
for non-commissioned officers and privates of the infantry of the said
three regiments, shall be the same, as is by law established: that suitable
clothing be provided for the cavalry, and adapted to the nature of.the
service, and conformed as near as may be, to the value of the clothing
allowed to the infantry and artillery.
To take an SEC. I1. And be it further enacted, That all the commissioned and
oath. non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians of the said three
regiments, shall take the same oaths, shall be governed by the same
rules and regulations, and in cases of disabilities, shall receive the same

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. 1. CH. 10, ]. 1792.
compensations, as are described in the before-mentioned act, entituled

"An act for regulating the military establishment of the United States."
SEc. 12. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Discretionary
President of~the United States, to forbear to raise, or to discharge, aster power to Presi-
they shall be raised, the whole or any part of the said three additional dent;
regiments, in case events shall in his judgment, render his so doing con-
sistent with the public safety.
SEc. 13. And be it further enacted, That the President be, and he to call into ser.
hereby is authorized, from time to time, to call into service, and for such vice cavalry,
periods as he may deem requisite, such number of cavalry as, in his
judgment, may be necessary for the protection of the frontiers: Provided,
That the non-commissioned officers shall not be allowed more than one their pay;
dollar per day, nor the privates more than seventy-five cents per day,
each person finding his horse, arms and accoutrements, and at his
own risk, and twenty-five cents per day in lieu of rations and forage:
Provided he furnish himself therewith.
SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That the President alone be, President to
and he hereby is authorized to appoint, for the cavalry so to be engaged, appoint their
the proper commissioned officers, who shall not exceed, in number and offcers,
rank, the proportions assigned to the said three regiments, and whose
pay and other allowances shall not, exclusively of fifty cents per day for
the use and risk of their horses, exceed those of officers of correspond-
ing rank, in the said regiments.
SEc. 15. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United and may em.
States be authorized, in case he shall deem the measure expedient, to ploy Indians.
employ such number of the Indians, and for such compensations, as he
may think proper: Provided, The said compensations do not, in the
whole, exceed twenty thousand dollars.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. X.-dn .cl declaring the consent of Congress to a certain dct of the State March 19,1792.
of Maryland, and lo continue for a longer tlime, an let dechring the assent of
Congress to certain dets of the States of Maryland, Georgia, and Rhode Island [Expired.]
and Providence Plantations,so far as the same respects the States of Georgia, Act of May
and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. 12,1796, ch. 26.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives Consent of
Congress to
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the con- operation of a
sent of Congress be, and is hereby granted and declared to the opera- certain act of"
tion of an act of the general assembly of Maryland, made and passed Maryland; and
at a session begun and held at the -city of Annapolis, on the first Mon-
day in November last, intituled " An act empowering the wardens of
the port of Baltimore ta levy and collect the duty therein mentioned."
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the act, intituled "An act assent to cer-
tain acts, Mary.
declaring the assent of Congress to certain acts of the states of Mary- land &c. con-
land, Georgia, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," shall be tinued as to
continued, and is hereby declared to be in full force, so far as the same Georgia and R.
Island.
respects the states of Georgia, and Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 1790, oh. 43.
tations.
Sac. 3. And be it further enacted, That this act shall be and continue Limitation.
in force for the term of three years, and from thence to the end of the
next session of Congress, and no longer.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XI.-.n .Act to provide for the settlement of the Claims of Widows and March 23, 1792.
Orphans barredby the limitationsheretifore established, and to regulate the Claims
to Invalid Pensions.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Expired.]
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the

244 SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. Cn. . 1792.
Suspension for operation of the resolutions of the late Congress of the United States,
two years
certain of
resolu. passed on the second day of November, one thousand seven hundred
tions of Con. and eighty-five, and the twenty-third day of July, one thousand seven
gress barring hundred and eighty-seven, so far as they have barred, or may be con-
claims. strued to bar the claims of the widow or orphans of any officer of the
late army, to the seven years half pay of such officer, shall, from and after
the passing this act, be suspended for and during the term of two years.
Disabled offi. SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That any commissioned officer,
cers,&c.
be on the not
placed howto . having received the commutation of half pay, and any non-com-
pension list. missioned officer, soldier or seaman, disabled in the actual service of
the United States, during the late war, by wounds or other known cause,
who did not desert from the said service, shall be entitled to be placed
on the pension list of the United States, during life or the continuance
of such disability, and shall also be allowed such farther sum for the
arrears of pension, from the time of such disability, not exceeding the
rate of the annual allowance, in consequence of his disability, as the
circuit court of the district, in which they respectively reside, may think
just. Provided, That in every such case, the rules and regulations fol-
lowing shall be complied with; that is to say :-First. Every applicant
shall attend the court in person, except where it shall be certified by
two magistrates that he is unable to do so, and shall produce to the
circuit court, the following proofs, to wit :-A certificate from the com-
manding officer of the ship, regiment, corps or company, in which he
served, setting forth his disability, and that he was thus disabled while
in the service of the United States; or the affidavits of two credible
witnesses to the same effect.-The affidavits of three -reputable freehol-
ders of the city, town, or county, in which he resides, ascertaining of
their own knowledge, the mode of life, employment, labour, or means of
support of such applicant, for the last twelve months.-Secondly. The
circuit court, upon receipt of the proofs aforesaid, shall forthwith pro-
ceed to examine into the nature of.the wound, or other cause of disa-
bility of such applicant, and having ascertained the degree thereof, shall
certify the same, and transmit the result of their inquiry, in case, in their
opinion, the applicant should be put on the pension list, to the Secretary
Repealed 1793, at War, together with their opinion in writing, what proportion of the
ch. 17. monthly pay of such applicant will be equivalent to the degree of disa-
bility ascertained in manner aforesaid.
Clerk to pub- SEC. 3. And be it fartherenacted, That the clerk of the district court,
lish this act, in each district, shall publish this act in such manner as the judge of
giving notice the district court shall think effectual to give general information there-
when the dis-
trict court of to the people of the district, and shall give-like information of the
meets, &c. times and places of holding the circuit courts in such district. And in
districts wherein a circuit court is not directed by law to be holden, the
judge of the district court shall be, and he hereby is authorized to exer-
cise all the. powers given by this act to the respective circuit courts.
duty of tb,3 And it shall be the duty of the judges of the circuit courts respectively,
pidges; during the term of two years from the passing of this act, to remain at
the places where the said courts shall be holden, five days at the least
Repealed 1799, from the time of opening the sessions thereof, that persons disabled as
ch. 17. aforesaid, may have full opportunity to make their application for the
relief proposed by this act.
of the Secretary Sac. 4. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary at War, Upon
at War. receipt of the proofs, certificate and opinion aforesaid, shall cause the
same to be duly filed in his office, and place the name of such applicant
on the pension list of the United States, in conformity thereto: Pro-
vided always, That in any case, where the said Secretary shall have
cause to suspect imposition or mistake, he shall have power to withhold
Repealed 1793, the name of such applicant from the pension' list, and make report of
ch. 17. the same to Congress, at their next session.

SECOND CONGRESS. Siss. 1. Ci. 12. 1792.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That all non-commissioned offi- Disabled per-
sons barred by
cers, soldiers and seamen, disabled in the actual service of the United limitations, to
States, during the late war, whose disability and rate of allowance have be placed on
been ascertained, pursuant to the regulations prescribed by the late Pension list.
Conigress, and have not applied to be placed on the pension list, until
after the time, limited by the act of Congress for that purpose, was 1793, ch. 17,
expired, shall now be placed on the pension list, and be entitled to sec. 3.
demand and receive their respective pensions, according to the allow-
ances ascertained as aforesaid, any thing in this act, or any act of the
late Congress, to the contrary, notwithstanding.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That from and after the passing Transfer, &c.
of this act, no sale, transfer or mortgage of the whole or any part of of pension, be-
fore due, not
the pension or arrearages of pension, payable to any non-commissioned valid, and how
officer, soldier or seaman, before the same shall become due, shall be paid to attor.
valid. And every person, claiming such pension or arrears of pension, ney, &C.
Altered 1806,
or any part thereof, under power of attorney or substitution, shall, before ch. 25, sec. 8.
the same is paid, make oath or affirmation before some justice of the
peace of the place where the same is payable, that such power or sub-
stitution is not given by reason of any transfer of such pension, or
arrears of pension, and any person, who shall swear or affirm falsely in
the premises, and be thereof convicted shall suffer, as for wilful and
corrupt perjury.
STATUTE L
CHAP. XII.-.8-,n.fct providing for thesettlement of the Claims of Persons under March27, 1792.
particularcircumstancesbarred by the limitations heretrforeestablished.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Houie of Representativesof Limitations of

the United States of America in Congress cssembled, That the operation claims by cer-
p tain resolutions,
of the resolutions of the late Congress of the United States, passed on the, suspended for
second day of November, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, two years;
and the twenty-third day of July, one thousand seven hundred and
eighty-seven, so far as they have barred, or may be construed to bar the
claims of any officer, soldier, artificer, sailor or marine of the late armyv
or navy of the United States, for personal services rendered to the
United States, in the military or naval department, shall from and after
the passing of this act, be suspended, for and during the term of two
years. And that every such officer, soldier, artificer, sailor and marine
having claims for services rendered to the United States, in the military
or naval departments, who shall exhibit the same, for liquidation, at the
treasury of the United States, at any time during the said term of two
years, shall be entitled to an adjustment, and allowance thereof on the
same principles, as if the same had been exhibited, within the term not to extend i
prescribed by the aforesaid resolutions of Congress: Provided, That claims for ra
nothing herein shall be conslrued to extend to claims for rations or tions, &C.
subsistence money.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That no balances hereafter to be 'Balances to
certified, as due from the United States, shall be registered in any other be registered ill
name, than that of the original claimant, or of his heirs, executors or nameofotginal
administrators; and such balances shall be transferable only at the
treasury, by virtue of powers actually executed after such registry,
expressing the sum to be transferred, and in pursuance of such general
rules, as have been, or shall be prescribed for that purpose.

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. 1. CiH. 14, 15, 16. 1792.
STATUTE 1.
March 28, 1792. CHAP. XIV.-An .Sct supplementalto the act for making farther and more effect-
ualprovisionfor the protection of the frontiers qf the United Slates.
(Obsolete.] P e it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
1795, ch. 44,
see. 18. United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be law-
President of ful for the President of the United States, by and with the advice and
the U. S. may consent of the Senate, to appoint such number of
appoint not brigadier generals as
more than four may be conducive to the good of the public service. Provided the
B. Generals. whole number appointed or to be appointed, shall not exceed four.
STATUTE I.
April 2, 1792. CHAP. XV.-.-asn .t forfinishing the Lighthouse on Baldheadat the mouth of
Cape Fear river in the State of North Carolina.
[Obsolete.] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
Secretary of' United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary
Treasury to fin. of the Treasury, under the direction of the President of the United
ish the light-Stesbea
house on Bald. States, be authorized, as soon as may be, to cause to be finished in such
head in North manner as shall appear advisable, the lighthouse heretofore begun under
Carolina. the authority of the state of North Carolina, on Baldhead at the mouth
of Cape Fear river in the said state: And that a sum, not exceeding
four thousand dollars, be appropriated for the same, out of any monies
heretofore appropriated, which may remain unexpended, after satisfying
the purposes for which they were appropriated, or out of any other
monies, which may be in the treasury, not subject to any prior appro-
priation.
APPROVED, April 2, 1792.
STATurE 1.
April 2, 1792. CHAP. XVI.-n wct establishing a Mint, and regulating the Coins f the United
States.(a)
Mint estab. SEcTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
lished at the of the United States of America in Congress assembled, and it is hereby
seat of govern-
ment. enacted and declared, That a mint for the purpose of a national coinage
be, and the same is established; to be situate and-carried on at the seat
of the government of the United States, for the time being: And that
for the well conducting of the business of the said mint, there shall be
the following officers and persons, namely,-a Director, an Assayer, a
Chief Coiner, an Engraver, a Treasurer.
Director to SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Director of the mint
employ work-
men, &c. shall employ as many clerks, workmen and servants, as he shall from
time to time find necessary, subject to the approbation of the President
of the, United States.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the respective functions and
(o)The acts establishing and regulating the mint of the United States, and for regulating coins, have
been: An act establishing a mint and regulating the coins of the United States passed April 2, 1792, chap.
16; an act regulating foreign coins, and fbr other purposes, February 9, 1793, chap. 5; an act in altera-
tion of the act establishing a mint and regulating the coins of the United States, March 3, 1794, chap.
4; an act supplementary to the act entitled, "An act to establish a mint and regulating the coins of the
United States," passed March 3, 1795, chap. 47 ; an act respecting the mint, May 27, 1796, chap. 33 ; an
act respecting the mint, April 24, 1800, chap. 34; an act concerning the mint, March 3, 1801, chap. 21 ;
an-act to prolong the continuance of the mint at Philadelphia, January 14, 1818, chap. 4; an act further
to prolong the continuance of the mint at Philadelphia, March 3, 1823, chap. 43; an act to continue the
mint at the city of Philadelphia, and for other purposes, May 19, 1828, chap. 67; an act concerning the
gold coins of the United States, and for other purposes, June 28, 1834, chap. 95; an act to establish
branches of the mint of the United States, March 3, 1835, chap. 39 ; an act supplementary to an act
entitled, "An act establishing a mint, and regulating the coins of.the United States," January 18, 1837,
chap. 3 ; an gict to amend an act entitled, "An act to establish branches of the mint of the United
States," February 13, 1837, chap. 14; an act amendatory of an act establishing the branch mint at Dah-
lonega, Georgia, and defining the duties of the assayer and coiner, 1843, ch. 46. General Index.

SECOND CONGRESS Sass. 1. Cit. 16. 1792.
duties of the officers above mentioned shall be as follow: The Director Dtv of the
of the mint shall have the chief management of the business thereof, officers.
and shall superintend all other officers and persons who shall be em-
ployed therein. The Assayer shall receive and give receipts for all Assayer.
metals which may lawfully be brought to the mint to be coined; shall ,Act or March
assay all such of them as may require it, and shall deliver thernito the 8,
sec. 1794,
2. ch. 4,
Chief Coiner to be coined. The Chief Coiner shall cause to be coined Chief Coiner.
all metals which shall be received by him for that purpose, according to
such regulations as shall be prescribed by this or any future law. The
Engraver shall sink and prepare the necessary dies for such coinage, Engraver.
with the proper devices and inscriptions, but it shall be lawful for the
functions and duties of Chief Coiner and Engraver to be performed by
one person. The Treasurer shall receive from the Chief Coiner all the Treasurer.
coins which shall have been struck, and shall pay or deliver them to
the persons respectively to whom the same ought to be paid or delivered:
he shall moreover receive and safely keep all monies which shall be for
the use, maintenance and support of the mint, and shall disburse the
same upon warrants signed by the Director.
Svc. 4. And be it further enacted, That every officer and clerk of To take oath.
the said mint shall, before he enters upon the execution of his office,
take an oath or affirmation before some judge of the United States
faithfully and diligently to perform the duties thereof.
Svc. 5. And be it further enacted, That the said assayer, chief coiner An, givebond.
and treasurer, previously to entering upon the execution of their respec- 3 Act ofarch
31794, oh. 4,
tive offices, shall each become bound to the United States of America, see. 2.
with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the
Treasury, in the sum of ten thousand dollars, with condition for the
faithful and diligent performance of the duties of his office.
SEc. 6. And be it further enacted, That there shall be allowed and Salaries.
paid as compensations for their respective services--To the said direc-
tor, a yearly salary of two thousand dollars, to the said assayer, a yearly
salary of one thousand five hundred dollars, to the said chief coiner, a
yearly salary of one thousand five hundred dollars, to the said engraver, a
yearly salary of one thousand two hundred dollars, to the said treasurer,
a yearly salary of one thousand two hundred dollars, to each clerk who
may be employed, a yearly salary not exceeding five hundred dollars, and
to the several subordinate workmen and servants, such wages and allow-
ances as are customary and reasonable, according to their respective
stations and occupations.(a)
Sac. 7. And be it further enacted, That the acconnts of the officers Accountshow
and persons employed in and about the said mint and for services per- and where to be
formed in relation thereto, and all other accounts concerning the business settled.
and administration thereof, shall be adjusted and settled in the treasury
department of the United States, and a quarter yearly account of the
receipts and disbursements of the said mint shall be rendered at the said
treasury for settlement according to such forms and regulations as shall
have been prescribed by that department; and that once in each year
a report of the transactions of the said mint, accompanied by an abstract
of the settlements which shall have been from time to time made, duly
certified by the comptroller of the treasury, shall be laid before Congress
for their information.
Sac. S. And be it further enacted, That in addition to the authority President of
vested in the President of the United States by a resolution of the last It. S. to cause
buildings to be
session, touching the engaging of artists and the procuring of apparatus provided.
(a) The acts relating to the salaries of the officers of the mint now in force, are: An act to continue
the mint in the city of Philadelphia, May 19, 1828, chap. 67, sec 6; an act supplementary to the act en.
titled, , An act establishing a mint, and regulating the coins of' the United States, Jarnary 18, 1837,
chap. 3, sec. 7 ; an act to establish branches of the mint of the United States, Feb. 13, 1837, chap.
It, see. 2.

248 SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. I. C1. 16. 1792.
for the said mint, the President be authorized, and he is hereby autho-
rized to cause to be provided and put in proper condition such build-
ings, and in such manner as shall appear to him requisite for the pur-
pose of carrying on the business of the said mint; and that as well the
expenses which shall have been incurred pursuant to the said resolution
as those which may be incurred in providing and preparing the said
buildings, and all other expenses which may hereafter accrue for the
maintenance and support of the said mint, and in carrying on the busi-
ness thereof, over and above the sums which may be received by reason
of the rate per centum for coinage herein after mentioned, shall be
expense how to defrayed from the treasury of the United States, out of any monies which
be defrayed. from time to time shall be therein, not otherwise appropriated.
Species of the SEC 9. And be it further enacted, That there shall be from time to
corskto be time struck and coined at the said mint, coins of gold, silver, and cop-
Eagles. per, of the following denominations, values and descriptions, viz. EAGLES
-each to be of the value of ten dollars or units, and to contain two
hundred ahd forty-seven grains and four eighths of a grain of pure, or
Half Eagles. two hundred and seventy grains of standard gold. HALF EAGLEs-each to
be of the value of five dollars, and to contain one hundred and twenty-
three grains and six eighths of a grain of pure, or one hundred and thirty-
Quarter Eagles. five grains of standard gold. QUARTER EAGLs-each to be of the
value of two dollars and a half dollar, and to contain sixty-one grains
and seven eighths of a grain of pure, or sixty-seven grains and four
Dollars or eighths of a grain of standard gold. DOLLARS or UNITs-each to be of
Units. the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current, and to
contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts
of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver.
Half Dollars. HALF DOLLARs-each to be of half the value of the dollar or unit, and
to contain one hundred and eighty-five grains and ten sixteenth parts of
a grain of pure, or two hundred and eight grains of standard silver.
Quarter Dol- QUARTER DOLLARs-each to be of one fourth the value of the dollar or
lars. unit, and to contain ninety-two grains and thirteen sixteenth parts of a
Dismes. grain of pure, or one hundred and four grains of standard silver. DISMES
-each to be of the value of one tenth of a dollar or unit, and to contain
thirty-seven grains and two sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or forty-
one grains and three fifth parts of a grain of standard silver. HALF
Half Dismes. DisMEs-each to be of the value of one twentieth of a dollar, and to con-
tain eighteen grains and nine sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or-t"wenty
Cents. grains and four fifth parts of a grain of standard silver. CENTs-each
to be of the value of the one hundredth part of a dollar, and to contain
HalfC~nts. eleven penny-weights of copper. HALF CENTS-each to be of the value
Act of May 8, of half a cent, and to contain five penny-weights and half a penny-weight
1792. of copper.(a)
Of what de- SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That, upon the said coins respect-
vices. ively, there shall be the following devices and legends, namely: Upon
one side of each of the said coins there shall be an impression emblematic
of liberty, with an inscription of the word Liberty, and tie year of the
coinage; and upon the reverse of each of the gold and silver coins there
shall be the figure or representation of an eagle, with this inscription,
" UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and upon the reverse of each of the
copper coins, there shall be an inscription which shall express the deno-
mination of the piece, namely, cent or half cent, as the case may require.
SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That the proportional value of
gold to silver in all coins which shall by law be current as money within
(a) The acts regulating the gold and silver coins of the United States, are : An act establishing a mint
and retulatin" the coins of the United States, April 2, 1792, chap. 16, sec. 9; an adt concerning the gold
coins of the United States, and for other purposes, June 28, 1834, chap. 9; an act supplementary to the
act entl-dl " An act to establish a mint, and regulating the coins of the United States, January 18, 1837,
chap. :; see. 8, 9, 10.

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. Cu. 16. 1792. 249
the United States, shall be as fifteen to one, according
to quantity in Proportional
weight, of pure gold or pure silver; that is to say, every
fifteen
weight of pure silver shall be of equal value in all payments, pounds value of gold to
pound weight of pure gold, and so in proportion as to with one silver.
any greater or
less quantities of the respective rnetals.(o)
SEc. 12. And be it further enacted, That the standard
for all gold Standard for
coins of the United States shall lie eleven parts fine to
one part alloy; gold coins, and
and accordingly that eleven parts in twelve of the entire
of the said coins shall consist of pure gold, and the weight of each alloy how to be
remaining one
twelfth part of alloy; and the said alloy shall be composed
of silver and
copper, in such proportions not exceeding one half silver
found convenient; to be regulated by the director of as shall he
the mint, for the
time being, with the approbation of the President of the
until further provision shall be made by law. And to United States,
the end that the
necessary information may be had in order to the making
provision, it shall be the duty of the director of the mint, atof such further
of a year after commencing the operations of the said mint, the expiration Director to
to report to report the prac.
Congress the practice thereof during the said y(5ar, touching
position of the alloy of the said gold coins, the reasons the corn- tice or the mint
for such prac- alloy of gold
tice, and the experiments and observations which shall
have been made coins.
concerning the effects of diffcrent proportions of silver and
copper in the
said allov.(b)
SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That the standard
coins of the United States, shall be one thousand four for all silver Standard for
hundred
eighty-five paris fine to one hundred and seventy-nine parts alloy ; and
and
silver cois-
alloy how to be
accordingly that one thousand four hundred and eighty-five parts in one regulated.
thousand six hundred and sixty-four parts of the entire
of the said coins shall consist of pure silver, and the weight of each
hundred and seventy-nine parts of alloy; which alloy shallremaining one
be wholly of Alloy.
copper.(c)
Sac. 14. And be it further enacted, That it shall
person or persons to bring to the said mint gold andbesilver
lawful for any Persons may
order to their being coined; and that the bullion so brought bullion, in bring gold and
shall be silver bullion,
there assayed and coined as speedily as may be after to be coined
the receipt thereof,
and that free of expense to the person or persons by whom f'ree oi'expense;
have been brought. And as soon as the said bullion the same shall
shall have been
coined, the person or persons by whom the same shall
livered, shall upon demand receive in lieu thereof coinshave been de-
of the same Act of April
species of bullion which shall have been so delivered, weight
for weight, 24,isie, ch. 34.
of the pure gold or pure silver therein contained: Provided
less,
nevertte- how the director
That it shall be at the mutual option of the
party or parties bring- may exchange
ing such bullion, and of the director of the sa~j ae ,mnt therefor,
cins
deducting
immediate exchangre of coins for standard bullioii-,-with half
a deduction of
one half per cent, from the weight of the pure gold, or pure per cent.
tained in the said bullion, as an indemnification to the mint silver con-
which will necessarily be required for coining the said for the time
the advance which shall have been so made in coins. bullion, and for
the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to furnish And it shall be Duty of See-
the said mint from retary of Treas.
time to time whenever the state of the treasury will admit thereof, with ury herein.
such sums as may be necessary for effecting the said
exchanges, to be
replaced as speedily as may he out of the coins which shall
made of the bullion for which the monies so furnished have been
exchanged; and the said deduction of one half per cent. shall have been
shall constitute
The half per
a fund towards defraying the expenses of the said mint. tute a fund, &c.
SEC. 15. And be it further enacted, That the bullion cent to onsti.
which shall be Order of de-
brought as aforesaid to the mint to be coined, shall he coined,
equivalent thereof in coins rendered, if demanded, in the order and the livering coins to
in which persons bring-
ing bullion, and
(a) See note to section 9. (b) See note to section 9. (c) Sea note to section 9.
VOL. .1-32

SEC OND CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 16. 1792.
penalty on giv- the said bullion shall have been brought or delivered, giving priority
Ing undue pre- according to priority of delivery only, and without preference to any
ference, &c.
Act of March person or persons; and if arty preference shall be given contrary to the
3, 1795, ch. 86.direction aforesaid, the officer by whom such undue preference shall be
given, shall in each case forfeit and pay one thousand dollars; to be
recovered with costs of suit. And to the end that it may be known if
such preference shall at any time be given, the assayer or officer to whom
the said bullion shall be delivered to be coined, shall give to the person
or persons bringing the same, a memorandum in writing under his hand,
denoting the weight, fineness and value thereof, together with the day
and order of its delivery into the mint.
Coins made a SEc. 16. And be it further enacted, That all the gold and silver coins
lawful tender, which shall have been struck at, and issued from the said mint, shall be
a lawful tender in all payments whatsoever, those of full weight accord-
ing to the respective values herein before declared, and those of less
than full weight at values proportional to their respective weights.
and to be made SEC. 17. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
conformable to respective officers of the said mint, carefully and faithfully to use their
the standard
weights, &c. best endeavours that all the gold and silver coins which shall be struck
at the said mint shall be, as nearly as may be, conformable to the several
standards and weights aforesaid, and that the copper whereof the cents
and half cents aforesaid may be composed, shall be of good quality.
The Treasurer SEC. IS. And the better to secure a due conformity of the said gold
to reserve nor and silver coins to their respective standards, Be it further enacted,
less than three
pieces or each That from every separate mass of standard gold or silver, which shall
coin to be be made into coins at the said mint, there shall be taken, set apart by
assayed; the treasurer and reserved in his custody a certain number of pieces,
not less than three, and that once in every year the pieces so set apart
when and by and reserved, shall be assayed under the inspection of the Chief Justice
whom, &c. of the United States, the Secretary and Comptroller of the Treasury,
the Secretary for the departnent of State, and the Attorney General of
1801, oh. 21. the United States, (who are hereby required to attendcfor that purpose
at the said mint, on the last Monday in July in each year,) or under the
inspection of any three of them, in such manner as they or a majority
of them shall direct, and in the presence of the director, assayer and
chief coiner of the said mint; and if it shall be found that the gold and
silver so assayed, shall not be inferior to their respective standards here-
in before declared more than one part in one hundred and forty-four
parts, the officer or officers of the said mint whom it may concern shall
be held excusable; but if any greater inferiority shall appear, it shall be
certified to the President of the United States, and the said officer or
officers shall be deemed disqualified to hold their respective offices.
Penalty on SEC. 19. And be it further enacted, That if any of the gold or silver
debasing the coins which shall be struck or coined at the said mint shall be debased
coins. or made worse as to the proportion of fine gold or fine silver therein
contained, or shall be of less weight or value than the same ought to be
pursuant to the directions of this act, through the default or with the
connivance of any of the officers or persons who shall be employed at
the said mint, for the purpose of profit or gain, or otherwise with a
fraudulent intent, and if any of the said officers or persons shall embezzle
any of the metals which shall at any time be committed to their charge
for the purpose of being coined, or any of the coins which shall be struck
or coined at the said mint, every such officer or person who shall com-
mit any or either of the said offences, st~all be deemed guilty of felony,
and shall suffer death.
Money ofae- Sc. 20. And be it .further enacted, That the mohney of account of
ressed in dol- the United States shall be expressed in dollars or units, dismes or tenths,
lars, &c. cents or hundredths, and milles or thousandths, a disme being the tenth
part of a dollar, a cent the hundredth part of a dollar, a mille the thou-

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. Ca. 17, 18. 1792.
sandth part of a dollar, and that all accounts in the public offices and
all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept' and had
in conformity to this regulation.
STATUTE L
CHAP. XVI.-n Jct supplementary to the act for the establishment and support April 12, 1792.
of lighthouses, beacons, buoys, and public piers.
1789, ch. 9.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Expenses of
beacons, &c. to
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all be borne till
expenses which shall accrue from the first day of July next, inclusively, July 1793.
for the necessary support, maintenance, and repairs of all lighthouses,
beacons, buoys, the stakeage of channels, on the sea-coast, and public
piers, shall continue to be defrayed by the United States, until the first
day of July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, 1793, ch. 27.
notwithstanding such lighthouses, beacons, or public piers, with the
lands and tenements thereunto belonging, and the jurisdiction of the
same, shall not in the mean time be ceded to, or vested in the United
States, by the state or states respectively, in which the same may be,
and that the said time be further allowed, to the states respectively to
make such cession.
SEc. 2. And -be it further enacted, That the secretary of the treasury Floating bea-
he authorized to cause to be provided, erected, and placed, a floating cons to 68"
beacon, and as many buoys, as may be necessary for the security of placed at
Charleston har-
navigation, at and near the entrance of the harbor of Charleston, in the bor and Chesa.
state of South Carolina. And also to have affixed three floating beacons peak bay.
in the bay of Chesapeak; one at the north end of Willoughby's
Slit. another at the tail of the Horse Shoe; and the third on the
shoalest place of the middle ground.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. X VIII.--n .IcI to erect a Lighthouse on Montok Point in the state of New April 12, 1792.
York.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Lighthouse on
United States of America in Congress assembled, That as soon as the certain condi-
tions to be
jurisdiction of such land on Montok Point in the state of New York built on Mon-
as the President of tle United States shall deem sufficient and most tok Point in
proper for the convenience and accommodation of a lighthouse shall State of N.Y.
have been ceded to the United States it shall be the duty of the secre-
tary of the treasury, to provide by contract which shall be approved by
the President of the United States, for building a lighthouse thereon,
and for furnishing the same with all necessary supplies, and also to agree
for the salaries or wages of the person or persons who may be appointed
by the President for the superintendence and care of the same; and
the President is hereby authorized to rpake the said appointments. That
the number and disposition of the lights in the said lighthouse shall be
such as may tend to distinguish it from others, and as far as is practi-
cable, prevent mistakes.
The following act of Congress, although strictly a private act, has application to so large a body of
lands in the state of Ohio, as to justify its insertion in the form of a note.
An act for ascertainingthe Bounds of a Tract of Land purchased by John Cleves Symmes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the UMited States of America, in Congress
assembled, That the President of the United States be and he hereby is authorized at the request of John
Cleves Symmes, or his agent or agents, to alter the contract made between the late board of treasury
and the said John Cleves Symmes, for the sale of a tract of land of one mi)lion of acres, in such manner
that the said trait iny extend from the mouth of the Great Miami, to the mouth of the Little Miami, and

252 SECOND CONGRESS. Snga. I. Ca. 29, 21. 1792.
STATUTE I.
April 12, 1792. CHAP. XX.-An -det for fizng the compensationsof the Doorkeepers of the Se&ate
and House of Representatives in Congress.
Salary ofdoor. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
keepers of Con. United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after
gress after pre-
sent session. the termination of the present session of Congress, the doorkeepers of
the Senate and House of Representatives, shall each be allowed a salary
of five hundred dollars per annum, in fall compensation for their ser-
vices in the said offices; and that the assistant doorkeeper to each house
shall be allowed in full compensation for all his services, the sum of four
1802, ch. a5. hundred and fifty dollars per annum. And it shall be the duty of the
said doorkeepers to do the usual services pertaining to their respective
offices during the session of Congress, and in the recess, under the
direction of the secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of
Representatives, to take care of the apartments occupied by the respec-
17S9, dh. 17, tive houses, and provide fuel and other accommodations for their subse.
see. 5, 6. quent session. And the said compensations shall be certified and paid
in like manner as is provided by law, for the other officers of the Senate
and House of Representatives,
STATUTE 1.
April 13, 1792. CHAP. XXI.-n .ect for altering the times of holding the Circuit Courts, in
ceflain districts of the United Slates, and for other purposes.
[Obsolete.] SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
Times for v
hnlding circuit tires of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
courts in cer- from and after the passing of this act the circuit courts in the districts
tan distriets of North Carolina and Georgia shall be held as follows, to wit: In the
district of North Carolina on the first day of June, and the thirtieth
day of November at Newbern, in the present and each succeeding year.
1797, ch. 27.And all writs and recognizances returnable and suits and other proceed-
ings that were continued to the circuit court for the district of North
Carolina on the eighteenth day of June next, shall now be returned and
held continued to the same court on the first day of June next. In the
district of Georgia on the twenty-fifth day of April at Savannah and on
the eighth day of November at Augusta in the present and each succeed-
ing year, except when any of those days shall happen on a Sunday, in
which case the court shall be held on the Monday following.
When sessions SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the sessions of the circuit
of the eastern courts in the eastern circuit shall in the present and every succeeding
circuit shal
commence. year commence at the times following, that is to say: In New York dis-
trict on the fifth day of April and the fifth day of September. In Con-
necticut district on the twenty-fifth day of April and the twenty-fifth
day of September. In Massachusetts district on the twelfth day of May
and the twelfth day of October. In New Hampshire district on the
twenty-fourth day of May and the twenty-fourth day of October; and in
Rhode Island district on the seventh day of June and the seventh day of
November, except when any of those days shall happen on a Sunday,
and then the sessions shall commence on the next day following. And
the sessions of the circuit court shall be held in the district of Virginia
at the city of Richmond only. In New Hampshire district at Ports-
be bounded by the river Ohio on the south, by the Great Miamion the west, by the Little Miami on the
east, and by a parallel of latitude on the north extending from the Great Miami to the Little Miami, so
as to comprehend the proposed quantity of one million of acres, provided that the northern limits ot the
said tract shall not interfere with the boundary line established by the treaty of Fort Harmar, between the
United States and the Indian nations, and provided also, that the President reserve to the United States,
such lands at, and near Fort Washington, as he may think necessary for the accommodation of a garrison
at that fort.
Aepno,%D, April 12, 1792.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. 1. Cit. 23. 1792.
mouth and Exeter alternately, beginning at the first. In Massachusetts

district at Boston. In Rhode Island district at Newport and Providence
alternately, beginning at the first. In Connecticut district at Hartford
and New Haven alternately beginning at the last. And in New York
district at the city of New York only.
SEc. 3. And be it enacted, That at each session of the supreme court Judges of
of the United States, or as soon after as may be, the judges of the supreme supreme court
at each session
court attending at such session shall, in writing subscribed with their to determine the
names (which writing shall be lodged with the clerk of the supreme circuits they are
court and safely kept in his office), assign to the said judges respectively respectively to
attend, &c.
the circuits which they are to attend at the ensuing sessions of the
circuit courts; which assignment shall be made in such manner that no
judge, unless by his own consent, shall have assigned to him any circuit
which he bath already attended, until the same hath been afterwards
attended by every other of the said judges. Provided always, That if
the public service or the convenience of the judges shall at any time, in
their opinion, require a different arrangement, the same may take place
with the consent of any four of the judges of the supreme court.(a)
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the district court for the Session of
district of Maine, which, by the act, intituled "An act to establish the Maine district,
judicial courts of the United States," is holden on the first Tuesday of
1789, ch. 20.
June, annually, at Portland, shall, from and after the passing of this act,
be holden on the third Tuesday of June, annually, any thing in the act
aforesaid to the contrary notwithstanding: and all writs and recogni-
zances returnable, and suits and other proceedings, that were continued
to the district court for the district of Maine on the first Tuesday of 1802, ch. 31,
sec. 22.
June next, shall now be returnable and held continued to the same
court, on the third Tuesday of June next.
SEc. 5. And be it further enacted, That the stated district courts and of N. Caro-
for the district of North Carolina shall, in future, be held at the towns lina altered.
of Newbern, Wilmington and Edenton in rotation, beginning at New- 1797, ch. 27,
sec. 2.
bern, as the said court now stands adjourned.
STATUTE 1.
CHAP. XXIH.-3n .&ct for apportioningRepresentativesamong the severalStates, April 14,1792.

accordingto the first enumeration.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the [Obsolete.]

Apportion-
United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after ment of repre-
the third day of March one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, sentatives to
the House of Represent.ttives shall be composed of members elected Congress ac-
agreeably to a ratio of one member for every thirty-three thousand per- cording to first
enumeration.
sons in each state, computed according to the rule prescribed by the -1791, ch. 9.
constitution ; that is to say: Within the state of New Hampshire, four; 1802, ch. 1.
within the state of Massachussetts, fourteen; within the state of Ver- 1811, ch. 9.
1822, ch. 10.
mont, two; within the state of Rhode Island, two; within the state of 1832, oh. 91.
Connecticut, seven ; within the state of New York, ten; within the state 1842, oh. 47.
of New Jersey, five; within the state of Pennsylvania, thirteen; within
the state of Delaware, one; within the state of Maryland. eight; within
the state of Virginia, nineteen;. within the state of Kentucky, two;
within the state of North Carolina, ten; within the state of South Caro'.
lina, six; and within the state of Georgia, two members.
APPROVD, April 14, 1792.
- (a The provisions of the acts of Congress relating to the assignment of the circuits to the justices of
the Supreme Court, have been : Act of April 13, 1792, sec. 3; act of March 2, 1793; act of April 29,
1802, sec. 56; act of March 3, 1803; act of March 3, 1837.

SECOND CONGRESS. Sess. I. Cii. 24. 17.2,
STATUTE 1.
April 14, 1792. C HAP. X X IV.-.n dct concerning Consuls and Fice-Consuls.
For carrying into full effect the convention between the King of the
French, and the United States of America, entered into for the purpose
of defining and establishing the functions and privileges of their respec-
tive Consuls and Vice-Consuls;
Duty of Con- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
suls and district tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That where
judges con- in the seventh article of the said convention, it is agreed that when there
cerning wrecks, shall be no consul or vice-consul of the King of the French, to attend
to the saving of the wreck of any French vessels stranded on the coasts
of the United States, or that the residence of the said consul, or vice-
consul' (he not being at the place of the wreck) shall be more distant
from the said place than that of the competent judge of the country, the
latter shall immediately proceed to perform the office therein prescribed;
the district judge of the United States of the district in which the wreck
shall happen, shall proceed therein, according to the tenor of the said
article. And in such cases it shall be the duty of the officers of the
customs within whose districts such wrecks shall happen, to give notice
thereof, as soon as may be, to the said judge, and to aid and assist him
to perform the duties hereby assigned to him. The district judges of
the United States shall also, within their respective districts be the coi-
petent judges, for the purposes expressed in the ninth article of the said
convention, and it shall be incuimbent on them to give aid to the con-
suls and vice-consuls of the King of the French, in arresting and secur-
ing deserters from vessels of the French nation according to the tenor of
the said article.
Duty of Mar- And where by any article of the said convention, the consuls and
shals. vice-consuls of the King of the French, are entitled to the aid of the
competent executive officers of the country, in the execution of any
precept, the marshals of the UnitedStates and their deputies shall,
within their respective districts, be the competent officers, and shall give
WVhere cor- their aid according to the tenor of the stipulations.
mitments shall And whenever commitments to the jails of the country shall become
be made. necessary in pursuance of any stipulation of the said convention, they
shall be to such jails within the respective districts as other commitments
under the authority of the United States are by law made.
(a) Act of July 6, 1797, chap. 12; act of February 28, 1803, chap. 9; act of February 28, 1811, chap.
28 ; act of March 3, 1813, chap. 42, sec. 6. 1810, ch. 39.
The decisions of the courts of the United States upon the powers, duties, and obligations of consuls.
have been,
A foreign consul has a right to claim or institute a proceeding in rem where the rights of property
of his fellow-citizens are in question, without a special procuration from those for whose benefit he acts.
The Bello Corrunnes, 6 Wheat. 152; 5 Cond. Rep. 46.
A consul cannot receive actual restitution of the res in controversy, without a special authority. To
watch over the rights and interests of their subjects, wherever the pursuits of commerce may draw them,
or the vicissitudes of human affairs may force them, are the great objects for which consuls are deputed
by their sovereigns. Ibid.
As an abstract question, it is difficult to understand on what ground a state can claim jurisdiction of
civil suits against consuls. By the constitution, the judicial power of the courts of the United States,
extends to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, exclusive of the courts
of the several states,and the judiciary act gives the district courts jurisdiction of all suits against consuls and
vice consuls, except for certain offences enumerated in the act. Davis v. Packard, 7 Peters, 276.
Consuls are subject to indictment for misdemeanor in the courts of the United States. United States v.
Ravara, 2 DalI. 297;
A consul is not personally answerable for a contract made in his official capacity on account of his gov.
ernment. Jones v. Le Tombe, 3 Dall. 384.
The advice of an American consul in a foreign port, gives to the, master of a vessel no justification for an
illegal act. Wilson v. The Mary, Gilpin's D. C. R. 31.
A consul's certificate of any fact is not evidence between third persons, unless expressly or impliedly
made so by statute. Levy v. Burley, 2 Sumner's C. C. R. 355.
Under the consular act of 1803, the penalty of 500 dollars for not depositing the ship's register with
the consul, on arrival at a foreign port, must he sued for within two years, the limitation prescribed by
the act of 1790; it not being a revenue law within the meaning of the act of 1804. Parsons v. Hunter,
2 Suminpes C. C. R. 419.

SECOND CONGRESS. Szss. 1. CH. 24. 1792.
And for the direction of the consuls and vice-consuls of the United
States in certain cases.
SEc. 2. Be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That they shall Right of Con.
have right in the ports or places to which they are or may be seve- Cus and Vice
rally appointed of receiving the protests or declarations, which such Consuls,
captains, masters, crews, passengers and merchants, as are citizens of
the United States may respectively choose to make there; and also such
as any foreigner may choose to make before them relative to the per-
sonal interest of any citizens of the United States; and the copies of
the said acts duly authenticated by the said consuls or vice-consuls,
under the seal of their consulates, respectively, shall receive faith in law,
equally as their originals would in all courts in the United States. It
shall be their duty where the laws of the country permit, to take posses-
sion of the personal estate left by any citizen of the United States, other to take charge of
than seamen belonging to any ship or vessel who shall die within their I personal estates
of deceased per.
consulate; leaving there no legal representative, partner in trade or sons, &e.
trustee by him appointed to take care of his effects, they shall inventory
the same with the assistance of two merchants of the United States, or
for want of them, of any others at their choice; shall collect the debts To collect
due to the deceased in the country where he died, and pay the debts debts, &c.and
due from his estate which he shall have there contracted; shall sell at transmit bal-
ance to the
auction after reasonable public notice such part of the estate as shall be Treasury of the
of a perishable nature and such further part, if any, as shall be necessary U. S. if not
for the payment of his debts, and at the expiration of one year from his. legal for by
called represen.
decease, the residue; and the balance of the estate they shall transmit taee.
to the treasury of the United States, to be holden in trust for the legal
claimants. But if at any time before such transmission, the legal repre-
sentative of the deceased shall appear and demand his effects in their
hands, they shall deliver them up, being paid their fees, and shall cease
their proceedings.
For the information of the representative of the deceased, it shall be Consul to no-
the duty of the consul or vice-consul authorized to proceed as aforesaid tify the death in
in the settlement of his estate, immediately to notify his death in one gazette ub
lishied in the
of the gazettes published in the consulate, and also to the Secretary of consulate.
State, that the same may be notified in the state to which the deceased
shall belong; and he shall also, as soon as may be, transmit to the
Secretary of State, an inventory of the effects of the deceased taken as
before directed.
Sac. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said consuls and vice- Duty as to
consuls, in cases where ships or vessels of the United States shall be stranded ves.
strandedon the coasts of their consulates respectively, shall, as far as the sels.
laws of the country will permit, take proper measures, as well for the pur-
pose of saving the said ships or vessels, their cargoes and appurtenances,
as for storing and securing the effects and merchandise saved, and for
taking an inventory or inventories thereof; and the merchandise and
effects saved with the inventory or inventories thereof taken as afortsaid,
shall, after deducting therefrom the expense, be delivered to the owner
or owners. Provided, That no consul or vice-consul shall have autho-
rity to take possession of any such goods, wares, merchandise or other
property, when the master, owner or consignee thereof is present or
capable of taking possession of the same.
Sac. 4. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful Fees.
for every consul and vice-consul of the United States, to take and receive
the following fees of office for the services which he shall have per-
formed.
For authenticating under the consular seal, every protest, declaration,
deposition, or other act, which such captains, masters, mariners, sea-
men, passengers, merchants or others as are citizens of the United States
may respectively choose to make, the sum of two dollars.

SECOND CONGRESS. Szss. L CH. 24. 1792.
For the taking into possession, inventorying, selling and finally settling
and paying, or transmitting as aforesaid, the balance due on the personal
estate left by any citizen of the United States who shall die within the
limits of his consulate, five per centum on the gross amount of such
-estate.
For taking into possession and otherwise proceeding on any such
estate which shall be delivered over- to the legal representative before a
final settlement of the same, as is herein before directed, two and an half
per centum on such part delivered over as shall not be in money, and
five per centum on the gross amount of the residue.
Consuls to re- And it shall be the duty of the consuls and vice-consuls of the United
ceipt for them. States, to give receipts for all fees which they shall receive by virtue of
this act, expressing the particular services for which they are paid.
President au- SEc. 5. And be it further enacted, That in case it be found necessary
thorizedtogrant for the interest of the United States, that a consul or consuls be appointed
a salary to Con-
suls in Barbary. to reside on the coast of Barbary, the President be authorized to allow
1797, ch. 12. an annual salary, not exceeding two thousand dollars to each person so
to be appointed: Provided,That such salary be not allowed to fnore
than one consul for any one of the states on the said coast.
Consuls to SEc. 6. And be it further enacted, That every consul and vice-consul
give bond with shall, before they enter on the execution of their trusts, or if already in
sureties to be
approved bythe the execution of the same, within one year from the passing of this act,
Secretary of or if resident in Asia, within two years, give bond with such sureties as
State; shall be approved by the Secretary of State, in a sum of not less than
two thousand nor more than ten thousand dollars, conditioned for the
true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office according to law,
and also for truly accounting for all monies, goods and effects which
where to be may come into his possession by virtue of this act: and the said bond
lodged, shall be lodged in the office of the Secretary of the Treasury.
Provision for SEc. 7. And be it further enacted, That to prevent the mariners and
mariners left in seamen, employed iii vessels belonging to citizens of the United States,
foreign ports.
Repealed by in cases of shipwreck, sickness or captivity, from suffering in foreign
the filth section ports, it shall be the duty of the consuls and vice-consuls respectively,
of the Act of from time to time to provide for them in the most reasonable manner, at
Feb. 28, 1803. the expense of the United States, subject to such instructions as the
Secretary of State shall give, and not exceeding an allowance of twelve
cents to a man per diem; and all masters and commanders of vessels
belonging to citizens of the United States, and bound to some port of
the same, are hereby required and enjoined to take such mariners or
seamen on board of their ships or vessels, at the request of the said con-
suls or vice-consuls respectively, and to transport them to the port, in
the United States to which such ships or vessels may be bound free of
costs or charge, but that the said mariners or seamen shall, if able, be
bound to do duty on board such ships or vessels according to their
several abilities: Provided, That no master or captain of any ship or
vessel, shall be obliged to take a greater number than two men to every
one hundred tons burthen of the said ship or vessel, on any one voyage:
and if" any such captain or master shill refuse the same on the request
or order of the consul or vice-consul, such captain or master shall for-
feit and pay the sum of thirty dollars for each mariner or seaman so
refused, to be recovered for the benefit of the United States by the said
consul or vice-consul in his own name, in any court of competent juris-
diction.
Duty of' mas. SEC. S. And be if further enacted, That where a ship or vessel belong-
ters of vessels
respecting dis- ing to citizens of the United States is sold in a foreign port or place,
charged seamen the master, unless the crew are liable by their contract or do consent to
and of' Consuls be discharged there, shall send them back to the state where they
nec' ectin it.
4Refealt hv entered on board, or furnish them with means sufficient for their return,
the 5th section to be ascertained by the consul or vice-consul of the United States,

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. C. 25. 1792.
having jurisdiction of the port or place. And in case of the master's of the Act of
refusal, the.said consul or vice-consul may (if the laws of the land per- Feb. 28, 1803.
mit it) cause his ship, goods and person to be arrested and held until he
shall comply with his duty herein.
SEc. 9. And be it further enacted, That the specification of certain Powers de-
powers and duties, in this act, to be exercised or performed by the confined.
suls and vice-consuls of the United States, shall not be construed to the
exclusion of others resulting from the nature of their appointments, or
any treaty or convention under which they may act.
STATUTE I.
CHAP.XXV.-8n .act aunhrizing the grant and conveyance of certain Lands to April21, 1792.
the Ohio Company (f .dssoeiales.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Certain tract
ofland contract-
tiestiesoofthe United Statino
the Unte tates of America in Congress assembled, That aeddfor in 1787
on the twenty-
certain contract expressed in aa indenture executed
seventh day of October, in the year one thousand seven hundred and
eighty-seven, between the then board of treasury for the United States
of America, of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler, and Winthrop Ser-
geant, as agents for the directors of the Ohio Company of Associates,
of the other part, so far as the same respects the following described
tract of land ; that is to say : " Beginning at a station where the western
boundary line of the seventh range of townships, laid out by the au-
thority of the United States in Congress assembled, intersects the river
Ohio; thence extending along that river south-westerly to a place where
the western boundary line of the fifteenth range of townships, when
laid out agreeably to the land ordinance passed the twentieth day of
May, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, would touch the
said river; thexice running northerly on the said western bounds of the
said fifteenth range of townships, 'till a line drawn due east to the
western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships, will
comprehend, with the- other lines of this tract, seven hundred and fifty
thousand acres of land, besides the several lots and parcels of land in
the said contract reserved or appropriated to particular purposes; thence
running east to the western boundary line of the said sevenlh'range of
townships, and thence along the said line to the place of beginning,"
be and the same is hereby confirmed: And that the President of the confirmed, and
United States be and he hereby is authorized and empowered to issue President ofthe
United States to
letters patent in the name and under the seal of the United States, grant letterspa.
thereby granting and conveying to Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, tent inthe name
Robert Oliver, and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, in fee of Rufus Put-
simple, the said described tract of land, with the reservations in the said nam, &c.
indenture expressed, in trust for the persons composing the said Ohio
company of associates, according to their several rights and interests,
and for their heirs and assigns, as'tenants in common.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the President be and he To grant one
hereby is further authorized and empowered, by letters patent as afore- ot tract to
said, to grant and convey to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, &c.
Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, in trust,
for the uses above expressed, one other tract of two hundred and fomur-
teen thousand, two hundred and eighty-five acres of land. Provided, on certain con-
That the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and ditions,
Griffin Green, or either of them, shall deliver to the Secretary of the
Treasury within six months, warrants which issued for army bounty-
rights sufficient for that purpose, according to the provision of a resolve
of Congress of the twenty-third day of July, one thousand seven hun.
dred and eighty-seven.
VOL. 1--33 Y2

To grant one SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the President be and he
other tract to hereby is further authorized and empowered by letters patent as afore-
Rufus Putnam,
and others. said, to grant and convey to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler,
Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, infee
simple, in trust for the uses above expressed, a farther quantity of one
hundred thousand acres of land. Provided always nevertheless, That
On an express the said grant of one hundred thousand acres shall be made on -the
condition.
express condition of becoming void, for such part thereof, as the said
company shall not have, within five years from the passing of this act,
conveyed in fee simple, as a bounty and free of expense, in tracts of
one hundred acres, to each male person, not less than eighteen years of
age, being an actual settler at the time of such conveyance.
Where to be SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That the said quantities of two
located. hundred and fourteen thousand, two hundred and eighty-five acres, and
of one hundred thousand acres, shall be located within the limits of the
tract of one million, five hundred thousand acres of land, described in
the indenture aforesaid, and adjoining to the tract of land described in
the first section of this act, and in such form as the President in the
letters patent, shall prescribe for that purpose.
STATUTE I.
April 27, 1792. CHAP. XX VI.-An .&et to indemnify the Estate of the late Major General Nathan-
iel Green, for a certain bond entered into by him during -the late war.
Estate of the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
lite General United States of America in Congress assembled, That the United States
Green indemni.
tied for amount shall and will indemnify the estate of the late General Green, fi)r the
of a certain sum of eight thousand six hundred and eighty-eight pounds six shillings
bond,' sterling money, being the amount due on the first day of May, one,thou-
sand seven hundred and eighty-six, on a certain bond executed to Mes-
sieurs Newcomen and Collet, by the said General Green, as surety for
John Banks and Company, and the interest thereon; excepting there-
from a certain conditional bond given in June one thousand seven hun-
dred and eighty-six, for about one thousand six hundred pounds sterling,
(be the same more or less) being part of the aforesaid sum of eight thou-
sand six hundred and eighty-eight pounds six shillings, which was to be
on certain con- paid, only in ease the said General Green should recover from the said
ditions, Banks, or Banks and Company, a sum sufficient for his indemnity;
Provided it shall appear upon due investigation, by the officers of the
treasury, that the said General Green, in his lifetime, or his executors,
since his decease, have not been already indemnified, or compensated
for the said sum of eight thousand six hundred and eighty-eight pounds
six shillings, except as aforesaid: And also provided, That the said ex-
ecutors shall account for a sum being about two thousand pounds ster-
ling, (be the same more or less) recovered of John Ferrie, one of the
partners of the said Banks and Company, by the said executors, to be
in part of the indemnification aforesaid; and also shall make over to the
Comptroller of the Treasury and his successors, for the United States,
all mortgages, bonds, covenants, or other counter securities whatsoever,
now due, which were obtained by the said General Green, in his life-
time, from the said Banks and Company, on account of his being surety
for them as aforesaid, to be sued for in the name of the said executors
duty olf the for the use of the United States. And the officers of the treasury are
officers oF the hereby authorized to liquidate and settle the sum due to the estate of
Treasury here-
in. the said General Green, to indemnify the same, as aforesaid, according
to the true intent and meaning of this act, and to pay the same, out of
the treasury of the United States, to the said executors, to be account-
edfor by them, as part of the said estate.
APPRoVED, April 27, 1792,

SECOND CONGRESS. Srss. I. Cu. 27. 1792.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XX VI.-.In Act for raising a farther sum f money for the protection May 2,1792.
of the frontiers, and for other purposes therein mentioned.
SECTION I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- OJth June,
tires of the'United States of America in Congress assembled, That from 1792, duties
and after the last day of June next, the duties now in force upon the now in force on
articles herein after enumerated and described, at their importation into certain articles
to cease, and
the United States, shall cease, and that in lieu thereof, there shall be others to be col.
thenceforthlaid,levied and collected upon the said articles, at their said lected in their
stead.
importation, the several and respective rates or duties following, viz: 1792, ch. 32.
WINEs, namely : Madeira, of the quality of London particular, per Specific dn-
gallon, fifty-six cents; Madeira, of the quality of London market, per ties on certain
gallon, forty-nine cents; other Madeira wine, per gallon, forty cents; enumerated at-
Sherry, per gallon, thirty-three cents; Saint Lucar, per gallon, thirty tees.
dents; Lisbon, per gallon, twenty-five cents; Oporto, per gallon, twenty-
five cents; Teneriffe and Fayall, per gallon, twenty cents. All other Altered 1800,
wines, forty per centum ad valorem, provided that the amount of the c. 66, sec. 2.
duty thereupon shall, in no case, exceed thirty cents per gallon.
SPIRITS, distilled wholly or chiefly from grain : of the first class of
proof, per gallon, twenty-eight ceits; of the second class of proof, per
gallon, twenty-nine cents; of the third class of proof, per gallon, thirty-
one cents; of the fourth class qf proof, per gallon, thirty-four cents: of
the fifth class of proof, per gallon, forty cents; of the sixth class of proof,
per gallon, fifty cents.
All other distilled spirits: of the second class of proof and under, per
gallon, twenty-five cents; of the third class of proof and under, per gal-
lon, twenty-eight cents; of the fourth class of proof and under, per gal-
lon, thirty-two cents; of the fifth class of proof and under, per gallon,
thirty-eight cents; of the sixth class of proof and under, per gallon,
forty-six cents. Which several classes or denominations of proof shall
be deemed and taken to correspond with those mentioned in the "act
repealing after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon
distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead, 179.1, ch. 15.
and'also upon spirits distilled within the United States, and for appro-
priating the same."
Beer, ale and porter, per gallon, eight cents; steel, per hundred weight,
one hundred cents; nails, per pound, two cents; cocoa, per pound, two
cents; chocolate, per pound, three cents; playing cards, per pack, twen-
ty-five cents; shoes and slippers of silk, twenty cents: all other shoes
and slippers for men and women, clogs and goloshoes, ten cents: all
other shoes and slippers for children, seven cents; on hemp, for every
one hundred and twelve pounds, one hundred cents; on cables, for
every one hundred and twelve pounds, one hundred and eighty cents;
on tarred cordage, for every one hundred and twdve pounds, one
hundred and eighty cents; on untarred cordage and yarn, for every one
hundred and twelve pounds, two hundred and twenty-five cents; on
twine and packthread, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, four
hundred cents: on coal, per bushel, four and a half cents; on salts called
Glauber salts, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, two hundred
cents.
Articles ad valorem: China wares, looking glass, window and other Duties ad va-
glass, and all manufactures of glass, black quart bottles excepted; mus- lorem.
kets, pistols, and other fire arms; swords, cutlasses, hangers and other
side arms; starch, hair powder, wafers, glue, laces, lines, fringes, tassels,
and trimmings commonly used by upholsterers, coachmakers and sad-
dlers, and paper hangings; painters' colors, whether dry or ground in
oil, fifteen per centum ad valorem; cast, slit, and rolled iron, and gen-
erally, all manufactures of iron, steel, tin, pewter, copper, brass, or of
which either of these metals is the article of chief value, not being

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. Ca. 27. 1792.
otherwise particularly enumerated, brass and iron wire excepted; cabi-

net wares; leather tanned and tawed, and all manufactures of leather,
or of which leather is the article of chief value, not otherwise particu-
larly, enumerated; medicinal drugs, except those commonly used in
dyeing; hats, caps, and bonnets, of every sort; gloves and mittens; stock-
ings; millinery ready made; artificial flowers, feathers and other orna-
ments for women's head dresses;. fans; dolls dressed and undressed;
toys; butIons of every kind; carpets and carpeting; mats and floor
cloths; sail cloth; sheathing and cartridge paper; all powders, pastes,
balls, balsams, ointments, oils, waters, washes, tinctures, essences, or
other preparations or compositions commonly called sweet scents, odors,
1794, ch. 54. perfumes or cosmetics; all dentifrice powders, tinctures, preparations,
1804, ch. 57. or compositions whatsoever for the teeth or gums, ten per centum ad
valorem.
Exemption of SEC. 2. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That all articles
articles con-
tinued. which are excepted and exempted from duty by the " act making farther
August 4, 1790, provision for the payment of the debts of the United States," shall con-
ch. 39. tinue to be so excepted and exempted, and that, to the articles hereto-
fore made free from duty, the following shall be added, namely, copper
in pigs and bars, lapis calaminaris, unmanufactured wool, wood, sulphur.
Duty on salt SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day of
after 30th June, June next, in computing the duty heretofore laid upon salt, a bushel of
how to be col-
lected; and salt shall be deemed not to exceed the weight of fifty-six pounds avoir-
dupois : and as often as the actual bushel of salt shall exceed the said
weight, such salt shall be charged in the proportion of the present rate
of duty per bushel for every fifty-six pounds of its actual weight.
on goods not SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That after the said last day of
enumerated in
this act.
June next, there shall be laid, levied and collected, in addition to the
present duty thereupon, a duty of two and an half per centum ad valorem,
Post, Q)4. upon all goods, wares and merchandises, not above enumerated or de-
1794, ch. 54, § 3.
scribed, which, if imported in ships or vessels of the United States, are
now chargeable with a duty of five per centum ad valorem.
Certain addi- SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That the addition of ten per centum
tional duty of
10 per cent. made by the second section of the " act making farther provision for
continued : the debts of the United States," to the rates of duties on goods, wares
and merchandise, imported in ships or vessels not of the United States,
1790, ch. 39. shall continue in full force and operation, after the said last day of June
next, in relation to the articles herein before enumerated and described.
Drawbacks Sac. 6. And be it further enacted, That all drawbacks and allow-
not already abo- ances authorized by the act aforesaid, which have not been heretofore
lished, contin-
ued : abolished or changed, shall continue to operate, as in the said act pre-
scribed in relation to the several duties which shall become payable by
virtue of this act, and that in addition thereto, there shall be allowed
and paid upbn provisions salted within the United States, except upon
dried fish, upon the exportation thereof to any foreign port or place, as
Drawbacks. follows, to wit: On pickled fish, at the rate of eight cents per barrel,
Duty on salted and on other provisions at the rate of five cents per barrel; and from
provisions ex-
ported-allow. and after the first day of January next, there shall be an addition of
ance to vessels twenty per centum to the allowances, respectively granted to ships or
employed in the vessels employed in the bank or other cod fisheries, and in the terms
fisheries.
provided by an act, intituled "An act concerning certain fisheries of
1792, ch. 6. the United States, and for the regulation and government of the fisher-
men employed therein,' and during the continuance of the said act.
Duties, draw- SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That all duties, drawbacks and
backs, &c. to allowances, which, by virtue of this act, shall be payable or allowable
apply to any
quantity. on any specific quantity of goods, wares and merchandise, shall be
deemed to apply, in proportion, to any quantity more or less than such
specific quantity.
Sac. 8. And be it further enacted, That the term of credit for the

SEOND CONGRESS. SESS. I. Cn. 27. 1792.
payment of duties o1 salt shall be nine months, and on all articles, the Terms orcred-
produce of the West Indies, salt excepted, where the amount 5"'the it or payment
fifty dollars,
duty to be paid by one person or co-partnership shall exceed
shall be four months, and that the duties on all other articles, except
wines and teas, which shall be imported after the last day of June next,
shall be payable, one half in six, one quarter in nine, and the other
quarter in twelve calendar months from the time of each respective im-
portation.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the act, intituled "An act Certain acts
to provide more effectually for the collection of duties imposed by law force ,eore" in
as to du-
on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States, and ties specified in
on the tonnage of ships and vessels," and as touching the duties on this act.
distilled spirits only, the act, intituled "An act repealing, after the last
day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon distilled spirits import- 1790, ch. 35.
ed from abroad and laying others in their stead; and also upon spirits 1791, ch. 15.
distilled within the United States, and for appropriating the same," shall
extend to, and be in full force for the collection of the duties specified
and laid in and by this act, and generally for the execution thereof, as
fully and effectually, as if every regulation, restriction, penalty, provision,
clause, matter and thing therein contained had been herein inserted and
re-enacted.
SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That all wines, which, after Wines im.
the said last day of June next, shall be imported into the United States, '30th ported afterbow
June,
shall be landed under the care of the inspector of the port where the landed.
same shall be landed, and for that purpose, every permit for landing any
wines, which shall be granted by a collector, shall, prior to such landing
he produced to the said inspector, who, by endorsement thereupon under
his hand, shall signify the production thereof to him, and the time when,
after which, and not otherwise, on pain of forfeiture, it shall bo lawful
to land the said wines. And the said inspector shall make an entry of Duty of in.
all such permits, and of the contents thereof, and each pipe, butt, hogs- spector.
head, cask, case, box or package whatsoever, containing such wines,
shall be marked by the officer under whose immediate inspection the
same shall be landed, in legible and durable characters, with progressive
numbers, the name of the said officer, and the quality or kind of wine,
as herein before enumerated and distinguished. And the said officer
shall grant a certificate for each such pipe, butt, hogshead, cask, case, box
or package, specifying therein the name or names of the importer or im-
porters, the ship or vessel in which the same shall have been imported,
and the number thereof, to accompany the same wheresoever it shall be
sent. And if any pipe, butt, hogshead, cask, case, box or package,
containing wine, shall be fou:id without such marks and certificates,
the sime shall be liable to be seized, and the want of such marks and
certificates shall be presumptive evidence, that such wine was unlawfully
imported and landed.
Si, c. 11. And be it ftrthr enacted, That every person, who shall . Persons
I ing certainhav-
have in his or her possession, wines which are intended for sale, in quantity of
quantity exceeding one hundred and fifty gallons, shall, prior io the said wines for sale
last day of June next, make entry thereof in writing at some office of in- after 30th June
next to make
spection in the city, town, or county where he or she shall reside, speci- entry thereof,
fying and describing the casks, cases, boxes and other packages contain- &c.
ing the same, and the kinds, qualities and quantities thereof, and where,
and in whose possession they are; and the officer of inspection at whose
(ffice such entry may be made, shall, as soon as may be thereafter, visit
and itspect. or cause to be visited and inspected, the wines so reported,
and shall mark, or cause to be marked, the casks, cases, boxes and pack-
ages containing the same, with progressive numbers, with the name of the
person to whom the same may belong, the kind or kinds thereof, and the
words "Old Stock," and shall grant a certificate for each cask, case, box

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. C. 27. 1792.
cr package. containing such wine, describing therein the said cask, case,
box or package, and the wines therein contained, which certificate shall
accompany the same, wherever it may be sent. And if any person who
may have wines in his or her possession for sale, shall not, prior to the
said last day of June next, make entry thereof, as above directed, he or
she, for such omission or neglect, shall forfeit and pay the value of the
wine omitted to be entered, to be recovered with costs of suit, for the
benefit of any person who shall give information thereof, and the wines
so omitted to be entered, shall be forfeited.
Howbeer, &c. SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day
shall be brought
into U. States, of December next, no beer, ale or porter shall be brought into the United
States, from any foreign port or place, except in casks or vessels, the
capacity whereof shall not be less than forty gallons, or in packages
containing not less than six dozen of bottles, on pain of forfeiture of the
said beer, ale or porter, and of the ship or vessel, in which the same
shall be brought.
Duties aforesaid SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That the several and respective
bow long to be duties aforesaid, except that mentioned in the fourth section of this act,
collected, shall continue to be levied, collected and paid, until the debts and pur-
poses, to and for which the duties, hereby directed to cease after tile
last day of June next, were pledged and appropriated, shall have been
fully paid and satisfied; and that so much thereof, as may be necessary,
shall be, and are hereby pledged and appropriated, in the same manner,
for the same purposes, and with the same force and effect, as those,
which are hereby directed to cease after the said last day of June next,
and that so much of the residue thereof, as may be necessary, shall be,
and are hereby appropriated for making good deficiencies in any funds,
which may have been designated for satisfying grants and appropriations
heretofore made.
Limitatron of SEc. 14. And be it further enacted, That the additional duty of two
ad valorem du. and an half per centum ad valorem, specified in the fourth section of
ties, specified in
4th section. this act, shall continue for the term of two years, from the commence-
ment thereof, and no longer.
Appropriation SEC. 1.5. And be it further enacted, That the sum of one hundred
ofr surpus du- and fifty thousand dollars, out of the surplus of the duties, which accrued
ties.
1792, ch. 9. to the end of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, and
a farther sum of five hundred and twenty-three thousand five hundred
dollars, out of the surplus of the duties hereby established as the same
shall accrue, making together the sum of six hundred and seventy-three
thousand five hundred dollars, shall be, and are hereby appropriated and
applied, in addition to any former appropriation for the military establish-
ment of the United States, towards carrying into execution the act,
intituled "An act for making farther and more effectual provision for
the protection of the frontiers of the United States."
President of SEc. 16. And be itfurther enacted, That the President of the United
IT. States to take States be empowered to take on loan, on account of the United States,
on roan from the
bank, &c. a from the President, directors and company of the bank of the United
certain sum of States, who are hereby authorized and empowered to lend the same,
money. from any other body politic or corporate within the United States, or
from any other person or persons, the whole or any part of the aforesaid
'sum of five hundred and twenty-three thousand five hundred dollars, to
be applied to the purpose, to and for which the same is above appro-
priated, and to be reimbursed out of the aforesaid surplus of the duties
by this act imposed, which surplus is, accordingly, appropriated to the
said reimbursement. Provided, That the rate of interest of such loan
shall not exceed five per centum per annum, and that the principal
thereof may be reimbursed at the pleasure of the United States.
SEc. 17. And be it furthir enacted, That so much of the act, intituled
"An act to provide more effectually for the collection of duties imposed

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. C.27." 179M. 263,
by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United Rate of livre
tournois of
States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels," as hath rated the livre France alstfred.
tournois of France at eighteen and an half cents, be and the same is 1790, ch. 35.
hereby repealed.
SEC. 18. And be it enacted and declared, That if the principal, in Mode of pro.
any bond which shall be given to the United States, for duties on goods, cedure in case
of insolvency of
wares, and merchandise imported, shall be insolvent, or if such prin- principal bonds,
cipal being dead, his or her estate and effects, which shall have come to &c.
the hands of his or her executors or administrators, shall be insufficient
for the payment of his or her debts, and if, in either of the said cases,
any surety in the said bond, or the executors and administrators of such
surety, shall pay to the United States the monies thereupon due, such
surety, his or her executors or administrators, shall have and enjoy the
like advantage, priority and preference, for the recovery and receipt of
the said monies out of the estate and effects of such insolvent or
deceased principal, as are reserved and secured to the United States, by
the forty-fourth section of the act, intituled " An act to provide more 1790, ch. 35.
effectually for the collection of duties imposed by law on goods, ware;,
and merchandise imported into the United States, and on the tonnage
of ships or vessels," and shall and may bring and maintain a suit upon
the said bond, in law or equity, in his, her or their own name or names,
for the recovery of the monies which shall have been paid thereupon.
And it is fsrther declared, That the cases of insolvency in the said
forty-fourth section mentioned, shall be deemed to extend, as well to
cases in which a debtor, not having sufficient property to pay 4ll his cr
her debts, shall have made a voluntary assignment thereof, for the betnefit
of his or her creditors, or in which the estate and effects of an absconding,
concealed or absent debtor shall have been attached by prodess of law,
as to cases, in which an act of legal bankruptcy shall have been com-
mitted.(a)
Src. 19. And be it further enatted, That the President of the United President of
States be, and hereby is authorized to appoint such place within the U. States to ap.
point port of
district of Vermont to be the port of entry and delivery within the said entry and de-
district, as he may deem expedient, any thing in the act, intituled "An livery in Ver-
act giving effect to the laws of the United States within the state of Ver- mot.
1791, oh. 12.
mont," to the contrary notwithstanding.
APPROVED, May 2, 1792.
(a) Priority of the United States. In all cases of insolvency or ankruptcy of a debtor of the United
States, they are entitled to payment out of his effects. The United States v. Fisher et at., 2 Cranch,
358; 1 Cond. Rep. 421.
The United States have no lien on the estate of their debtor, until suit brought, nra notorious insolvency
or bankruptcy has taken place ; or, being unable to pay all his debts, he has made a voluntary assign.
ment of all his property; or the debtor having absconded, concealed, or absented himself, his property
has been attached by process of law. United States v. Hoe et al., 3 Cranch, 73; 1 Cond. Rep. 453.
The 5th section of the act of March 3, 1797, giving a priority of payment to the United States out of
the-effects of their debtors, did not apply to a debt due before the passing of the act, although the bal-
ance svas not adjusted at the treasury until after the act was passed. United States v. Bryan et al., 9
Cranch, 374; 3 Cond. Rep. 436.
In case of insolvency the United States are not entitled to a prioritv of payment, unless the insolvency
le a legal and known insolvency, manifested by some notorious act of the debtor, pursuant to the act of
Congress. Prince v. Bartlett, S Cranch, 431 ; 3 Con. Rep. 199.
The United States are not entitled to a priority over all creditors, under the 65th section of the act of'
March 2, 1799, upon the ground of the debtor having made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors;
unlss it is proved that it is all the debtor's property. United States v. Howland et al., 4 Wheat. 108; 4
Cond. Rep. 404.
The priority of the United States does not attach by the mere concealment of the debtor when insol-
vent. Ibid.
It has never been decided by the Supreme Court, that the priortity of the United States will divest a
specific lien attached to anything, whether it be accompanied by possession or not. Conard v. The At-
lantic Ins. Comp., I Peters, 439.
The priority of the United States extends as well to debts by bonds whicli are payable after insolvency
or decease of the obligor, as to those actually due or payable at the period thereof The United States
v. The State Bank of North Carolina, 6 Peters, 29.
The priority of the United States for debts due to them by an insolvent debtor, or by the estate of a
deceased debtor, does not extend to affect the lien of an incorporated bank on the stock held by one in-
del)ted to the bank. wvhen by the charter of the bank such a lien is given. Brent v. The Bank of Wash-
ington, 10 Peters, 596.

WSECOND CONGRESS. SPiss. I..Ci. .2 1R9.2.
STATMm I.
May 2, 1792. CHAP. XXVIII.--n Act to provide for calling forths the Mili/ia to execute th
laws tf the Union, suppress insurrectionsand.repel invasions.
[Repealed.]
President of SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House qf Representatives
U. States how of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That when-
to proceed in ever the United States shall be invaded, or be in imminent danger of
case of invasion invasion from any foreign nation or Indian tribe, it shall be lawful for
by foreign na the President of the United States, to call forth such number of the
militia of the state or states most convenient to the place of danger or
1795, ch. 36, scene of action, as he may judge necessary to repel such invasion, and
sec. 10. to issue his orders for that purpose, to such officer or officers of the
Insurrection militia as ie shall think proper; and in case of an insurrection in any
against the gov- state, against the government thereof, it shall be lawful for the President
erment of any of the United States, on application of the legislature of such state, or of
the executive (when the legislature cannot
be convened) to call forth
such number of the militia of any other state or states, as may be ap-
plied for, or as he may judge sufficient to suppress such insurrection,
or opi:osition to SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That whenever the laws of the
the execution of United States shall be opposed, or the execution thereof obstructed, in
the laws of U. any state, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary
States. course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals
by this act, the same being notified to the President of the United States,
by an associate justice or the district judge, it shall be lawful for the
President of the United States to call forth the militia of such state to
suppress such combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed.
And if the militia of a state, where such combinations may happen, shall
refuse, or be insufficient to suppress the same, it shall be lawful for the
President, if the legislature of the United States be not in session, to
call forth and employ such numbers of the militia of any other state or
states most convenient thereto, as may be necessary, and the use of
militia, so to be called forth, may be continued, if necessary,. until the
expiration of thirty days after the commencement of the ensuing session.
By proclama- SEc. 3. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That whenever
tion toorder in- it may be necessary, in the judgment of the President, to use the mili-
surgents
persen to dis. tary force hereby directed to be called forth, the President shall fqrth-
with, and previous thereto, by proclamation, command such insurgents
to disperse, and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within a

limited time.
Pay of the SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the militia employed, in the
militia employ- service of the United States, shall receive the same pay and allowances,
ed by U. States. as the troops of the United States, who may be in service at the same
time, or who were last in service, and shall be subject to the same rules
and articles of war: And that no officer, non-commissioned officer or
private of the militia shall be compelled to serve mcre than three months
in any one year, nor more than in due rotation with every other able-
bodied man of the same rank in the battalion to which he belongs.
Penalty on SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That every officer, non-commis-
disobeying the sioned officer or private of the militia, who shall fail to obey the orders
President of U. of the President of the United States in any of the cases before recited,
States, shall forfeit a sum not exceeding one year's pay, and not less than one
mnonth's pay, to be determined and adjudged by a court martial ; and

such officer shall, moreover, be liable to be cashiered by sentence of a
court martial: and such non-commissioned officers and privates shall be
liable to be imprisoned by a like sentence, on 'failure of payment of the
fines adjudged against them, for the space of one calendar month for
every five dollars of such fine.
C-urts martial SEC. 6. And be it furt4er enacted, That courts martial for the trial of
how composed. militia shall be composed of militia officers only.
Src. 7. And be it further enacted, That all fines to be assessed, as

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass-. I. Cs;. 29. 1792.
aforesaid, shall be certified by the presiding officer of the court martial Fines to be
before whom the same shall be assessed, to the marshal of the district, certified,
in which the delinquent shall reside, or to one of his deputies; and also
to the supervisor of the revenue of the same district, who shall reeord
the said certificate in a book to be kept for that purpose. The said
marshal or his deputy shall forthwith proceed to levy the said fines with and duty of
costs, by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the delinquent, marshals hem
sale of
which costs and the manner of proceeding, with respect to the
the goods distrained, shall be agreeable to the laws of the state, in which
the same shall be, in other cases of distress; and where any non-com-
missioned officer or private shall be adjudged to suffer imprisonment,
there being no goods or chattels to be found, whereof to levy the said
fines, the marshal of the district or his deputy may commit such delin-
quent to gaol, during the term, for which he shall be so adjudged to im-
prisonment, or until the fine shall be paid, in the same manner as other
persons condemned to fine and imprisonment at the suit of the United
States, may be committed.
SEC. 8. And he it further enacted, That the marshals and their dep4- To pay the
ties shall pay all such fines by them levied to the supervisor of the reve- fines to the su.
nue, in the district in which they are collected, within two months after pervisor, &c.
they shall have received the same, deducting therefrom five per centum,
as a compensation for their trouble; and in case of failure, the same
shall be recoverable by action of debt or information in any court of the
United States, of the district, in which such fines shall be levied, having
cognizance thereof, to be sued for, prosecuted and recovered, in the
name of the supervisor of the district, with interest and costs.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the marshals of the several P9wers of the
districts and their deputies, shall have the same powers in executing the marshals.
laws of the United States, as sheriffs and their deputies in the several
states have by law, in executing the laws of their respective states.
SEc. 10. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and Contintlation
be in force, for and during the term of two years, and from thence to of this act.
the end of the next session of Congress thereafter, and no longer.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXIX.-.dn Ict for the relief of persons imprisonedfor Debt.(a) May 5, 1792.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and IHouse of Representatives . persons im.
of theUnited States of America in Congress assembled, That persons prisoned on ex-
imprisoned on executions issuing from any court of the United States, ecutions issuing
for satisfaction of judgments in any civil actions shall be entitled to like from courts t'
privileges of the yards or limits of 'the respective gaols as persons con- have like privi-
fined in such gaols for debt on judgments rendered in the courts of the. lowed asbyarestate
leges al-
several states are entitled to, and under the'like regulations and restric- courts.
tions.
(a) The acts relating to imprisonment for debt, passed subsequent to this act, are: An act to continue
in force the act for the relief of persons imprisoned tbr debt, passed May 30, 1794, chap. 34; an act for
the relief of persons imprisoned for debt, passed May 28, 1796, chap. 38; an act supplementary to an
act entitled, "An act for the relief of persons imprisoned for debts due to the United States," passed
June 6, 179C, chap. 50 ; an act for the relief of persons imj'risoned for debt, passed January 6, 180s,
chap. 4; an act supplementary to " an act for the relief of persons imprisoned for debts due to the
United States," passed March 3, 1817, chap. 114 ; an act supplementary to an act entitled, "An act for
the relief of' persons imprisoned for debt," passed January 7, 1824, chsp. 3 ; an act supplementary to
the act entitled, "An act suppleuhentary to the act entitled, 'An act for the relief of persons imprisoned
for debt,' " passed April 22, 1824, chap. 39; an act* for the relief of certai. insolvent debtors of the
United States, passed March 2, 1831, chap. 62; an act in addition to an act entitled "An act for the
relief of certain insolvent debtors of the United States," passed July 14, 1832 chap. 230; an act to ex-
tend, for a longer period, the several acts now in force for the relief of certain insolvent debtors of the
United States, passed March 2, 1837, chap. 23 ; an act to extend for a longer period the several acts
now in force for the relief of insolvent debtors to the United States, passed May 27, 1840, chap. 26; an
act to re-enact, and continue in operation, the several acts now in force for therelief of insolvent debtors
of the United States, passed January 28, 1843,.chap. 20; 1839, ch. 35; Jan. 14, 1841, ch. 2,
VOL. 1.,-34 Z

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. . Ci. 30. 1792.
Mode of pro. Smc. 2. And be it further enacted, That any person imprisoned as
ceeding with re-
spect to persons aforesaid, may have the oath or affirmation herein after expressed ad-
imprisoned. ministered to him by any judge of the United States, or of the general
or supreme court of law of the state in which the debtor is imprisoned,
the creditor, his agent or attorney, if either live within one hundred
miles of the place of imprisonment, or within the district in which the
judgment was rendered, having had at least thirty days previous notice,
by a citation served on him, issued by any such judge, to appear at the
time therein mentioned, at the said gaol, if he see fit, to show cause
why the said oath or affirmation should not be so administered; at
which time and place, if no sufficient cause, in the opinion of the judge,
be shown or doth from examination appear to the contrary, he may, at
the request of the debtor, proceed to administer to. him the following
oath or affirmation, as the case may be, viz : "You
solemnly swear (or affirm) that you have not estate, real or personal, nor
is any to your knowledge holden in trust for you to the amount or value
of twenty dollars, nor sufficient to pay, the debt for which you are
imprisoned." Which oath or affirmation being administered, the judge
shall certify the same under his hand, to the prison keeper, and shall fix
a reasonable allowance for the debtor's support, not exceeding one dollar
per week; and if the creditor shall thereafter any week fail to furnish
the debtor with such weekly support, by paying or advancing the money
to him, or to the prison keeper, for his use, the debtor shall be dis-
charged from his imprisonment on such judgment, and shall not be
liable to be imprisoned again for the said debt; but the judgment shall
remain good and sufficient in law, and may be satisfied out of any estate
which may then or at any time afterwards belong to the debtor.
Penalty on Sac. 3. And be it.farther enacted, That if any person shall falsely
false swearing.
1790, ch. 9, take the oath or affirmation aforesaid, such person shall be deemed
sec. 18. guilty of perjury, and suffer the pains and penalties in that case pro-
vided.
Limitation of SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
this act. be in force, for the space of one year from the passing thereof, and from
thence to the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
STATUTE I.
May 5, 1792. CHAP. XKX.-/n Act authorizing the grant and conveyance of certain Lands
to John Cleves Syrnmes, and his .qssociales.
President an- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
thorized to
grant -a certain tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
numberofacres President of the United States be and he hereby is authorized and
toJ.c.Symmes,
on certaint con-
empowered to issue letters patent in the name and under the seal of the
ditionis. United States, thereby granting and conveying to John Cleves Symmes
Act of March and his associates, and to their heirs and assigns, in fee simple, such
2, 1799, ch. S4. number of acres of land as the payments already made by the said John
1801, c. 23. Cleves Symmes, his agents or associates, under their contract of the
fifteenth day of October one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight,
will pay for, estimating the lands at two thirds of a dollar per acre, and
making the reservations specified in the said contract.
To grant one Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That the President be and he
other tract, hereby is further authorized and empowered, by letters patent as afore-
said, to grant and convey to the said John Cleves Symmes and his
associates, and to their heirs and assigns in fee simple, one other tract
of one hundred and six thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven acres,
with the reservations as aforesaid: Provided, That the said John Cleves
Symmes, or his agents or associates, or any of them, shall deliver to the
Secretary of the Treasury, within six months, warrants which issued

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. i. CH. 31, 32. 1792. "267
for army bounty rights sufficient for that purpose, according to the
provision of the resolves of Congress of the twenty-third of .Luly, and
second of October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven; but
in case so many warrants should not be delivered, then the letters patent
last aforesaid to be given for such number of acres, as shall be in pro-
portion to the warrants so delivered.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the President be and he is One township
hereby authorized and empowered, by letters patent as aforesaid, to granted offorsem.
learn-
inaries
grant and convey unto the said John Cleves Symmes and his associates, ing.
their heirs and assigns, in trust for the purpose of establishing an
academy and other public schools and seminaries of learning, one corn- 1803, ch. 21,§4.
plete township, conformably to an order of Congress of the second of
October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, made in conse-
quence of the application of the said John Cleves Symmes, for the
purchase of the tract aforesaid.
SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That the several quantities of The lands to
land, to be granted and conveyed as aforesaid, shall be included and be locatedto a
agreeable
located within such limits and lines of boundary, as the President may former act.
judge expedient, agreeably to an act passed the twelfth day of April
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, "for ascertaining the Ante, p. 251.
bounds of a tract of land purchased by John Cleves Symmes."
STATUTE 1.
CHAP. XXXI.-An .Act to alter the time for the next Annual Meeting of May 5, 1792.
Congress.
United States qf America in Congress assembled, That after the adjourn-
ment of the present session, the next annual meeting of Congress shall
be on the first Monday in November next.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXXI.-An Act concerning the Duties on Spirits distilled within the May 8, 1792.
United States.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Repealed.]
tines of the United States of America in CongrEss assembled, That from Act of April
and after the last day of June next, the present duties upon spirits dis- e1802, ci. 19,
tilled within the United States, and on stills shall cease, and that in lieu Formerduties
thereof, upon all spirits which after the said day shall be distilled within after the last
the United States wholly or in part from molasses, sugar ior other day of June to
cease, and
foreign materials, there shall be paid the duties following, that is to say:
For every gallon of those spirits of the first class of proof, ten cents; Other duties
-for every gallon of those spirits of the second class of proof, eleven to be paid upon
spirits distilled
ents;--for every gallon of those spirits of the third class of proof, from foreign
twelve cents;-for every gallon of those spirits- of the fourth class of materials.
proof, fourteen cents ;-for evety gallon of those spirits of the fifth class
of proof, eighteen cents ;-for every gallon of those spirits of the sixth
class of proof, twenty-five cents.-And upon all spirits which after the
said day shall be distilled within the United States from materials of the
growth or produce of the United States, in any city, town or village, at
any distillery at which there shall be one or more stills which singly or
together shall be of the capacity of four hundred gallons or upwards,
there shall be paid the duties following, that is to say:
For every gallon of those spirits of the first class of proof, seven cents; On spirits dis.
-for every gallon of those spirits of the second class of proof, eight tilled of the ma-
cents;-for every gallon of those spirits of the third class of proof, nine terials of the U.
cents ;-for every gallon of those spirits of the fourth class of proof, States.

eleven cents;-for every gallon of those spirits of the fifth class of proof,
thirteen cents ;-for every gallon of those spirits of the sixth class of
Duty on stills, proof, eighteen cents.-And upon stills which after the said day shall be
employed in distilling spirits from materials of the growth or.produce of
the United States, at any other place than a city, town or village, or at
any distillery in a city, town or village, at which there shall be one or
more stills which, singly if only one, or together if more than one, shall
be of less capacity than four hundred gallons, there shall be paid the
yearly duty of fifty-four cents for every gallon English wine measure of
the capacity or content of each and every such still including the head
How paid. thereof: Provided, That it shall be at the option of the proprietor or
possessor of any such still, instead of the said yearly duty, either to pay
seven cents for every gallon of spirits by him or her distilled, or to pay
at the rate of ten cents per gallon of the capacity for each and every
Owners in month of the employment of any such still; and in case the said pro-
how cases
what &c. prietor or possessor shall elect to pay either the said rate of seven cents
to make
entry of stills, per gallon, of the spirits by him or her distilled, or the said monthly rate
&c. of ten cents, according to the capacity of his or her still or stills, he or she
at the time of making entry of his or her still or stills in manner herein
and to obtain Ii. after directed, shall by writing under his or her hand, left at the office of
cense for work. inspection where such entry shall be made, notify the said election, and
ing them, if the same shall be to pay the said monthly rate of ten cents, shall
demand a license for the term of time, specifying the day of commencing
and the day of ending, during which he or she shall intend to work his
or her still or stills, which license shall without delay or expense to the
said proprietor or possessor be granted, and shall be signed by the super-
visors of the revenue, and countersigned by the officer at whose office
application for the same shall have been made. And in the case of an
election to pay the said monthly rate of ten cents, it shall not be lawful
for any person by whom..the same shall have been made, to work his or
her still or stills, at any time, within the year from the date of his or her
entry thereof, other than that for which a license shall have been granted,
unless he or she shall have previously obtainpd another license for such
further time, which upon like application shall and may be granted, in
like manner, and if any such person shall work his or her still or stills,
contrary to the direction or provision aforesaid, he or she shall forfeit
and pay for every such offence, two hundred dollars. And in every case
Penalty for in which any proprietor or possessor of a still or stills subject to the
Working stills payment of duty according to the capacity of such still or stills, shall not
without license. make election to pay according to one or the other of the alternatives
1798, ch. 10. aforesaid; or shall not duly comply therewith, he or she shall be liable
to pay, and shall pay the said yearly rate of fifty-four cents for every
gallon of the capacity or capacities of his or her still or stills.
Office of in. Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That there be in each county
spection in each comprehended within any district, at least one office of inspection, at
county for entry which every person having or keeping a still or stills within such county
shall, between the last day of May and the first day of July in each year,
make entry of such still or stills; and at which every person, who being
a resident within the county shall procure a still or stills, or who remov-
ing within a county, shall bring therein a still or stills, shall, within thirty
days after such procuring or removal, and before he or she shall begin
to use such still or stills, make entry thereof. And every entry, besides
describing each still and the capacity thereof, shall specify the place
where, and the person in whose possession it is, and the purpose for
which it is intended, as whether for sale or use in distilling; and in the
case of removal, shall specify the place from which every such still shall
have been brought.
SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That every proprietor and posses-
sor of a still shall be jointly and severally liable for the duty thereupon;

SECOND CONGRESS. Snm. 1. Cii 32. 1792.
and that every owner of land, upon which any still shall be worked; shall Proprietors &c.
be liable for the.duty thereupon, unless the same shall be worked bythea how liable for
duty on stills.
for
lawful and bona fide tenant of the land of an estate, not less than
term of one year, or unless such owner can make it appear, that the
possessor of, or person by whom such still shall have been worked, was
during the whole time of working the same, a trespasser or intruder on
his land.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That every officer of inspection officers tofor.
within whose survey any distillery of geneva or sweet cordials, subject bear inspecting
to the payment of duty by the gallon of the spirits distilled thereon distillery
neva for oftwoge-
may be, shall forbear to visit or inspect for a space not exceeding two hours, &c.
hours in each day, such part of the said distillery as he may be required
by the proprietor, possessor 'or manager of such distillery to forbear to
visit and inspect, for which purpose it shall be necessary for the said
proprietor, possessor or manager, to give notice in writing to the said on written no-
officer, describing therein particularly the part of such distillery, which ties from the
inspect, proprietors.
it shall be'his desire that the said officer may forbear to visit and
and specifying the time of each day for which such forbearance shal
be desired.
SEc. 5. And be it further enacted, That it shall be in the discretion Secretary of
of the secretary of the treasury to regulate as well the marks, to be the treasury to
regulate marks
set upon the casks, vessels and packages containing distilled spirits, as upon casks, &c.
the forms of the certificates which are to accompany the same, and that
when any cask or vessel in which distilled spirits have been contained,
shall have been emptied of its contents, it shall be lawful for the marks
thereupon to be effaced by, or in the presence of an officer of inspec-
tion, and if the said cask or vessel shall afterwards be uised for putting
therein other spirits, the same may be marked anew.
Sae. 6. And be it further enacted, That instead of a notice of twenty- 'Notice to be
four hours heretofore required to be given of the intent to export dis- given for obtain-
tilled spirits in order to the benefit of the drawback of the duties there- i.g drawback
upon, six hours shall be sufficient. ported.
Sac. 7. And be it further enacted, That there be an abatement for Abatement
leakage at the rate of two per cent. in every case in which the duty shall for1791,leakage.
ch. 16,
be payable by the gallon of the spirits distilled, to be allowed at the se. 52.
distillery where such spirits shall be made.
SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That the officer of inspection Duty of ofin-
within whose survey any still shall be, the duty whereupon is payable cer of inspec-
according to the capacity of the still shall identify by progressive num- tion herein.
hers arid other proper marks, every such still within his survey, and the
duty thereupon shall operate as a specific lien upon thi said still.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That every distiller of, and dea- Distilleries 5cc.
ler in spirits, who may have in his or her possession, distilled spirits of spirits when
to report on the
not marked or certified, pursuant to the act, intituled "An act repealing1rgquantity
after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon distilled hand;
spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead, and also 1791, ch. 15.
upon spirits distilled within the United States, and for appropriating the
same," shall, prior to the last day of September next, report the spirits
in his or her possession, in writing at some office of inspection, to the
end that such spirits may be marked and certified as old stock. And casks not mark-
that from and after the said last day of September next, casks and yes- ' I according to
law liable to
sels of the capacity of twenty gallons and upwards, containing distilled se-zure, &ic.
spirits, which shall be found in the possession of any distiller or dealer
in spirits, except at a distillery where the same were made, or in going
from one place to another, without being marked according to law, or
without having a certificate from some proper officer, shall be liable to
seizure and forfeiture, and that it shall be the duty of the several
officers of inspection, upon request of any dealer or distiller, to take
measures for the marking of casks, vessels and packages containing
z'2

SECOND CONGRESS. Suss. I. Cii. 32. 179.
distilled spirits, and to furnish such dealer or distiller, free from efpense,
Inspection of- with certificates to accompany the same: Provided, That it shall not
ficer to mark be incumbent upon any such officer to mark or certify any cask, vessel
casks, &o. or package which ought to have been before marked or certified accord-
ing to any law of the United States.
After April Sac. 10. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last
1793, spirits to day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, no distilled
be brought into
U. States in spirits except arrack and sweet cordials, shall be brought into the United
casks of 90 gal. States from any foreign port or place, except in casks or vessels of the
lons, &e. capacity of ninety gallons and upwards.
Drawbacks on Sac. 11. And be it further enacted, That no drawback of the duty
allowedantY on distilled spirits which shall be exported after the last day of June
next, shall be allowed upon any, quantity less than one hundred gallons.
After June Sac. 12. And be it further enacted, That. after the last day of June
next how spirits next, no distilled spirits shall be brought into the United States, from
shall be import-
ed. any foreign port or place in any cask or vessel, which shall have been
marked pursuant to any law of the United States concerning distilled
spirits, on pain of forfeiture of the spirits so brought, and of the ship
or vessel in which they shall be brought.
Penalty on ne. SEC. 13. And be it further enacted,-That if the owner or possessor
glecting to make of any still or stills shall neglect to make entry thereof, within the time
and in the manner prescribed by the second section of
this act, such
owner or possessor shall forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred and
Certain spirits fifty dollars; and if any distilled spirits, except arrack and sweet cordials,
imported liable
to forfeiture- shall, after the last day of April next, be brought into the United States
in casks or vessels of less capacity than ninety gallons, all such spirits,
and the casks and vessels containing the same, shall be subject to seizure
Penalties how and forfeiture, and every such penalty or forfeiture shall be one half to
disposed of. the use of the United States, and the other half to the use of the person
who shall first discover and make known the matter or thing whereby
the same shall have been incurred.
Continuation Sac. 14. And be it further enacted and declared, That the duties
of duties laid
herein, for what hereby laid shall continue in force, for the same time, and are hereby
purpose appro- pledged and appropriated to and for the same purposes, as those, . in lieu
priated. of which they are laid, and pursuant to the act, intituled " An act
repealing after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon
1791, ch. 15. distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead,
and also upon spirits distilled within the United States and for appro-
priating the same."
Reduction of Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That to make good any deficiency
duty herein which may happen in consequence of the reduction hereby made in
made ood abY the rates of the duties on spirits distilled within the United States, and
certain act. on stills, so much of the pioduct of the duties laid by the act, intituled
" An act for raising a farther sum of money for the protection of the
1792, oh. 27. frontiers, and for other purposes therein mentioned," as may be neces-
sary, shall be and is hereby pledged and appropriated to the same pur-
poses, to and for which the duties, hereby reduced, were pledged and
appropriated.
Allowance to Sac. 16. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United
supervisors,&c. States be authorized to make such allowances for their respective ser-
vices to the supervisors, inspectors and other officers of inspection,.as
he shall deem reasonable and proper, so as the said allowances, together
with the incidental expenses of collecting the duties on spirits distilled
within the United States, shall not exceed seveh and an half per centum
of the total product of the duties on distilled spirits, for the period to
which the said allowances shall relate, computing from the time the act,
1791, ch. 15. intituled "An act repealing after the last day of June next, the duties
heretofore laid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad, and layin,
others in their stead, and also ,,pon spirits distilled within the Uru.Mt

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cir. 33. 1792. -71
States, and for appropriating the same, took effect: And provided also, not to exceed
That such allowance shall not exceed the annual amount of seventy $70,000.
thousand dollars, until the same shall be further ascertained by law.
SEc. 17. And be it further enacted, That the act, intituled " An act Certain act in
repealing after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon force forcolec.
tlon of the du-
distilled spirits imported from abroad and laying others in their stead, ties, &c.herein.
and also upon spirits distilled within the United' States, and for appro-
priating the same," shall extend to and be in full force for the collection 1791, ch. 15.
of the several duties herein before mentioned and for the recovery and
distribution of the penalties and forfeitures herein contained and gene-
rally for the execution of this act, as fully and effectually as if every re-
gulation, restriction, penalty, provision, clause, matter, and thing therein
contained were inserted in and re-enacted by this present act, subject
only to the alterations hereby made.
STATUTE I.
CHAP XXXIII.-.Rnlct more effectually to provide for the National Defence by May 8, 1792.
establishing an Uniform Militia throughout the United States.(a)
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and. House of Representa- Md;:ia how
tires of the" United States of. America in Congress assembled That and by whom
each and every free able-bodied white male citizen of the respective to be enrolled.
states, resident therein, who is or shall be of the age of eighteen years,
and under the age of forty-five years (except as is herein after excepted)
shall severally and respectively be erolled in the militia by the captain
or commanding officer of the company, within whose bounds such citi-
zen shall reside, and that within twelve months after the passing of this
act. And it shall at all times hereafter be the duty of every such cap-
tain or commanding officer of a company to enrol every such citizen,
as aforesaid, and also those who shall, from time to time, arrive at the
age of eighteen years, or being of the age of eighteen years and under
the age of forty-five years (except as before excepted) shall come to re-
side within his bounds; and shall without delay notify such citizen of the
said enrolment, by a proper non-commissioned officer of the company, by
whom such notice may be proved. That every citizen so enrolled and
notified, shall, within six months thereafter, provide himself with a good How to be
musket or firelock, a sufficient bayonet and belt, two spare flints,'and a armed and ac.
knapsack, a pouch with a box therein to contain not less than twenty- cotred.
four cartridges, suited to the bore of his musket or firelock, each cart-
ridge to contain a proper quantity of powder and ball: or with a good
rifle, knapsack, shot-pouch and powder-horn, twenty balls suited to the
bore of his rifle and a quarter of a pound of powder; and shall appear,
so armed, accoutred and provided, when called out to exercise, or into
service, except, that when called out on company days to exercise only,
he may appear without a knapsack. That the commissioned officers 1803, ch. 15.
shall severally be armed with a sword or hanger and espontoon, arid that
from and after five years from the passing of this act, all muskets for
arming the militia as herein required, shall be of bores sufficient for
(a) The acts for the establishment of an uniform system for the government of the nilitia, are: An
act more effectually to provide for the national defence by establishing an uniform militia throughout the
United States, May 8, 1792, chap. 33; an act providing arms for the militia throughout the United State',
July 6,1798, chap. 65; an act in addition to an act entitled, "An act more eff'ectuallv to provide for the
national defence, by establishing an uniform militia throughout the United States," March 2, 1803, chap.
15; an act more effectually to provide for the organizing of the militia of the District of Columbia, March
3. 1803, chap. 20; an act establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United
States, April 10, 1806, chap. 20; an act in addition to the act entitled, "An act to provide for callin
forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and to repeal the act now in
force for those purposes,'" April 1S. 1814, chap. 82; an act concerning field oficers .f the militia, April
20, 1816, chap. 64; an act to establish an uniform mode of discipline and field exercie for the militia of'
the United States, May 12, 1820, chap. 97; an act to reduce and fix the military peace establishmet
of the United States, March 2, 1521, chap. 13, sec. 14.

272 SECOND CONGRESS., Sass. I. Cur . 33. • 1792.
balls of the eighteenth-part of a pound. And every citizen so enrolled,
and providing himself with the arms, ammunition and accoutrements re-
quired as aforesaid, shall hold the same exempted from all suits, dis-
tresses, executions or sales, for debt or for the payment of taxes.
Executive offi SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Vice President of the
cers, &c. ex-
empted. United States ; the officers judicial and executive of the government of
the United States; the members of both Houses of Congress, and their
respective officers; all custom-house officers with their clerks; all post-
officers, and stage drivers, who are employed in the care and conveyance
of the mail of the post-office of the United States; all ferrymen employed
at any ferry on the post road; all inspectors of exports; all pilots'; all
mariners actually employed in the sea service of any citizen or mer-
chant within the United States; and all persons who now are or may here-
after be exempted by the laws of the respective states, shall be, and are
1810, oh. hereby exempted from militia duty, notwithstanding their being above
the age of eighteen, and under the age of forty-five years.
Militia bow to "SEc.3. And be it further enacted, That within one year after the
be arranged,
and passing of this act, the militia of the respective states shall be arranged
into divisions, br.igades, regiments, battalions and companies, as the le-
gislature of each state shall direct;- and each division, brigade and regi-
ment, shall be numbered at the formation thereof; and a record made
of such numbers in the adjutant-general's office in the state; and when
in the field, or in service in the state, each division, brigade and regi-
ment shall respectively take rank according to their numbers, reckoning
the first or lowest number highest inrank. That if the same be conve-
nient, each brigade shall consist of four regiments; each regiment of
two battalions; each battalion of five companies; each company of
by whom offi- sixty-four privates. That the said militia shall be officered by the re-
cered. spective states, as fbllows: To each division, one major-general and two
aids-de-camp, with the rank of major; to each brigade, one brigadier-
general, with one brigade inspector, to serve also as brigade-major, with
the rank of a major; to each regiment, one lieutenant-colonel comman-
dant; and to each battalion one major; to each company one captain,
one lieutenant, one ensitn, four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer
and one fifer or bugler. That there shall be a regimental staff, to con-
1803, ch. 15, sist of one adjutant and one quartermaster, to rank as lieutenants; one
see. 3. paymaster; one surgeon, and one surgeon's mate; one sergeant-major;
one drum-major, and one fife-major.
Each batta- SEC. 4. And be itfurther enacted, That out of the militia enrolled,
lion to have oe as is herein directed, there shall be formed for each battalion at least
nadiers. &c.and one-company of grenadiers, light infantry or riflemen ; and that to each
one company of division there shall be at least one company of artillery, and one troop of
artillery, horse: there shall be to each company of artillery, one captain, two lieu-
tenants, four sergeants, four corporals, six gunners, six bombadiers, one
Officers how drummer, and one fifer. The officers to be armed, with a sword or
to be armed, hanger, a fusee, bayonet and belt, with a cartridge-box to contain twelve
cartridges; and each private or matross shall furnish himself with' all the
equipments of a private in the infantry, until proper ordnance and field
Troops of artillery is provided. There shall be to each troop of horse, one captain,
horse ho offi- two lieutenants, one cornet, four sergeants, four corporals, one saddler, one
cered, &c. farrier, and one trumpeter. The commissioned
officers to furnish them-
selves with good horses of at least fourteen hands and an half high., and
to be armed with a sword and pair of pistols, the holsters of which to be
covered with bearskincaps. Each -dragoon to furnish himself with a
serviceable horse, at least fourteen hands and an half high, a good sad-
die, bridle, mailpillion and valise, holsters, anda breast-plate and crupper,
a pair of boots and spurs,.a pair of pistols, a sabre, and a cartouch-box, to
Artillery and contain twelve cartridges for pistols. That each company of artillery
horse of hom
to be formed ; and troop of horse shall be formed of volunteers from the brigade, at the

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. Ci. 33. 1792. '273
discretion of the commander-in-chief of the state, not exceeding one to be uniformly

company of each to a regiment, nor more in number than one eleventh cladat their
own expense.
paxt of the infantry, and shall be uniformly clothed in regimentals, to be
furnished at their own expense; the colour and fashion to be determined 1803, ch. 15.
by the brigadier commanding the brigade to which they belong.
SEC. 5. Aud be it further enacted, That each battalion and regi- What colors
mert shall be provided with the state and regimental colours by the &c. and by
whom to be fur.
field officers, ,and each :company with a drum and fife, or bugle-horn, by nished.
the commissioned officers of the company, in such manner as the legis-
lature of -the respective states shall direct.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That there shall be an adjutant- Adjutant-gen.
general appointed in each state, whose duty it shall be to distribute all or- erl hineach
ders from the commander-in-chief of the state to the several corps; to attend state, duty.
all public reviews when the commander-in-chief of the state shall review
the militia, or any part thereof; to obey all orders from him relative to car-
rying into execution and perfecting the system of military discipline esta-
blished by this act; to furnish blank forms of different returns that may be
required, and to explain the principles on which they should be made; to re-
ceive from the several officers of the different corps throughout the state,
returns of the militia under their command, reporting the actual situation
of their arms, accoutrements, and ammunition, their delinquencies, and
every other thing which relates to the general advancement of good
order and discipline: all which the several officers of the divisions, bri-
gades, regiments, and battalions, are hereby required to make in the 1803, ch. 15.
usual manner, so that the said adjutant-general may be duly furnished
therewith: from all which returns he shall make proper abstracts, and lay
the same annually before the commander-in-chief of the state.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the rules of discipline, ap- Rules of dis.
proved and established by Congress in their resolution of the twenty- cipline.
ninth of March, one thousand seven htihdred and seventy-nine, shall be
the rules of discipline to be observed by the militia throughout the Uni-
ted States, except such deviations from the said rules as may be rendered
necessary by the requisitions of this act, or by some other unavoidable
circumstances. It shall be the duty of the commanding officer at every
muster, whether by battalion,, regiment, or single company, to cause the
militia to be exercised and trained agreeably to the said. rules of disci-
pline.
Sac. 8. And be it further enacted, That all commissioned officers Officers how
shall take rank according to the date of their commissions; and when to take rank.
two of the same grade bear an equal date, then their rank to be deter-
mined by lot, to he drawn by them before the commanding officer of the
brigade, regiment, battalion, company, or detachment.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That if any person, whether offi- Provision in
cer or soldier, belonging to the militia of any state, and called out into case of'wounds,
the service of the United States, be wounded or disabled while in ac-
tual service, he shall be taken care of and provided for at the public
expense.
Sac. 10. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Brigade in.
brigade-inspector to attend the regimental and battalion meetings of the spector's duty.
militia composing their several brigades, during the time of their being
under arms, to inspect their arms, ammunition, and acoutrements; su-
perintend their exercise and manmuvres, and introduce the system of
military discipline before described throughout the brigade, agreeable to
law, and such orders as they shall from time to time receive from the
commander-in-chief of the state; to make returns to the adjutant-gene-
ral of the state, at least once in every year, of the militia of the brigade
to which he belongs, reporting therein the actual situation of the arms,
accoutrements, and ammunition of the several corps, and every other 1803, ch. 15.
thing which, in his judgment, mly relate to their government and the
VOL.1-.5

274 SECOND CONGRESS. Ssss. I. CH. 34. 1792.
general advancement of good order and military discipline; and the
adjutant-general shall make a return of all the militia of the state to the
commander-in-chief of the said state, and a duplicate of the same to the
President of the United States.
Artillery &c. And whereas sundry corps of artillery, cavalry, and infantry now exist
now existing, in several of the said states, which by the laws, customs, or usages thereof
have not been incorporated with, or subject to the general regulations of
the militia:
to retain their SEC. 11. Be it further enacted, That such corps retain their accus-
privileges. tomed privileges, subject, nevertheless, to all other duties required by this
act, in like manner with the other militia.
STATUTE I.
May 8, 1792. CHAP. XXXIV.-Sn det relative to the compensations to certain officers employed
in the collection of the duties f impost and tonnage.
Additional tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from
specific allow, and after the last day of June next, in addition to the fees and emolu-
ance from lst of
July next to cer- ments which may accrue to the officers employed in the collection of the
tain surveyors duties of impost and tonnage, by the provisions already made, they shall
and collectors. severally have and be entitled to the respective allowances following, to
1790, ch. 35.
see. 63. wit: The surveyors of Newburyport, Salem, St. Mary's and Wilmington, in
Act of March North Carolina, the yearly sum of one hundred dollars each; the survey-
2, 1799, ch. 23. ors of Beverly, North Kingston, East Greenwich, Warren, Bristol, Paw-
catuck river, Providence, Patuxet, New Haven, Lewellensburg, Alexan-
dria, Beaufort, Hertford, Winton, Bennet's creek, Plymouth, Windsor,
Skewarkey, Murfreesborough, Nixonton, Indiantown, Currituck inlet,
Pasquotank river bridge, and Newbiggen creek, the yearly sum of eighty
dollars each; the surveyor of Portsmouth, the yearly sum of sixty dol-
lars; the surveyors of Ipswich, Portland, Newport, Stonington, Middle-
ton, Bermuda hundred, Petersburg, Richmond, and Savannah, the yearly
sum of fifty dollars each; the surveyors of Gloucester, New London, and
Swansborough, the yearly sum of thirty dollars each; the surveyors of
Hudson, Little Egg Harbour, Suffolk, Smithfield, Urbanna, and Frede-
ricksburg, the yearly sum of twenty dollars each; the collector of the dis-
trict of Wilmington, in North Carolina, the yearly sum of one hundred
and fifty dollars; the collectors of the districts of Portsmouth, Gloucester,
Albany, Annapolis, Vienna, Nottingham, Yorktown, Dumfries, and Lou-
isville, the yearly sum of one hundred dollars each; the collector of the
district of Fairfic!d, the yearly sum of eighty dollars; the collectors of the
districts of Marblehead, Plymouth, Barnstable, Nantucket, New Bedford,
Dighton, York, Biddeford, and Pepperelborough, Bath, Wiscasset, Ma-
chias, Newport, New Haven, Perth Amboy, Great Egg Harbour, Wil-
mington, in Delaware, Chester, Cedar Point, Georgetown, Hampton.
South Quay, Washington, Plank Bridge, and Georgetown, in South Ca-
rolina, the yearly sum of fifty dollars each; the naval officer of the dis-
trict of Portsmouth, the yearly sum of one hundred dollars; the naval
officers of the district, ot Newburyport, Newport, Providence, Wilming-
ton, in North Carolina, and Savannah, the yearly sum of fifty dollars
each; the collector of the district of Salem and Beverly, one fourth of
one per centum on the amount of all monies by him received on account
of the said duties; and to the collectors of the districts of;Portsmouth,
Newburyport, Gloucester, Mhrblehead, Plymnuth, Nantucket, Edgartown,
New Bedford, Dighton, York, Biddeford, and Pepperelborough, Port-
land, Bath, Wiscasset, Penobscot, Frenchman's bay, Machias, Newport,
Providence, New Haven, Fairfield, Perth Amboy, Burlington, Great Egg
Harbour, Wilmington, in Delaware, Oxford, Vienna, Snowhill, Annapo-

SECOND CONGRESS.- SESS. I. CH. 35, 36. 1792.
lis, Nottingham, Cedar Point, Georgetown, in Maryland, Hampton, York-

town, Yeocomico, Dumfries, Foley landing, Cherrystone, South Quay,
Wilmington, in North Carolina, Newbern, Washington, Edenton, Plank
Bridge, Georgetown, in South Carolina, Beaufort, and Savannah, each,
one half of one per centum on the amount of all monies by them re-
spectively received on account of the duties aforesaid.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day To collectors
of June next, the allowance of three fourths of one per centum to the of N. York and
collectors of the districts of Pennsylvania, and the city of New York, on Pennsylvania
I of 1 per cent.
the amount of all monies by them respectively received, on account of &c.
the duties of impost and tonnage, shall cease, and instead thereof, they
shall, after that time, be entitled to one half of one per centum on all
such monies by them respectively received.
SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day Office rent,
of June next, the expense of fuel, office rent and necessary stationary, &c. of certain
for the collectors of the districts of Salem and Beverly, Boston and collectors, how
Charleston, the
Charlestown, the cities of New York,,Philadelphia and
towns of Baltimore, Norfolk, and Portsmouth, shall be paid, three fourths
by the said collectors and the other fourth by the respective naval officers
in those districts.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That whenever a collector shall Commissions
die, the commissions, to which he would have been entitled on the on death of a
collector, how
receipt of all duties bonded by him, shall be equally divided between disposed of.
the legal representatives of such deceased collector and his successor in
office, whose duty it shall be to collect the same; and for this purpose
the said representatives shall deliver over to such successor all the public
or official books, papers and accounts of the said deceased.
APPROVED, May 8,1792.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXXV.-Sn Act to continue in force the act inuttled '"n act to provide
for mitigating or remitting the Penalties and Forfeitures acrun - under the May 8, 1792.
Revenue Laws in certain Cases," and to make further Provisionfor the payment
of Pensions to Invalids. [Obsolete.]
1790, ch. 12.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- The c fo
tives of the United States of Americain Congress assembled, That the act, remitting or
intitled "An act to provide fa)r mitigating or remitting the forfeitures mitigating for.
and penalties accruing under the revenue laws in certain cases therein feitures, &c.
tontened&co
continued for
mentioned," shall be and hereby is, continued in full force for the term three years.
of three years from the passing of this act, and no longer. Provided, 1797, ch. 13.
That nothing in the said act shall be construed to limit or restrain the
power of the President of the United States to grant pardons for offences
against the United States.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the yearly pensions which Pensionstobe
have been, or may be allowed by, or in pursuance of. any act or law of paid for one
the United States, to persons who were wounded and disabled in the year from 4th
public service shall for the space of one year from the fourth day of March last.
March last be paid out of the treasury of the United States, under such
regulations as the President of the United States may direct.
APPROVED, May S,1792.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXXVI.-In qCt for regulating Processes in the Courts of the Ulnited May 8,1792.
States, and providing Compensationsfor the Officers f the said Courts; andfor
Jurors and Witnesses.(a)
SECTION . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives Writsbywhom
and how attest-
of the UnitedStates of America in Congress assembled, That all writs and ed.
(a) An act to ascerhqin the fees in admiralty proceedings in the district courts if the United States, and
for other purposes, March 1, 1793; an act to amend " an act for regulating pro ess in the courts of the
United States," March 3, 1321. See notes to act of September 29, 1789, chap. 2,-note page 93.

processes issuing from the supreme or a circuit court, shall bear test
of the chief justice of the supreme court (or if that office shall be vacant)
of the associate justice next in precedence; and all writs and processes
issuing from a district court, shall bear test of the judge of such court
(or if that office shall be'vacant) of the clerk thereof, which said writs
and processes shall be under the seal of the court from whence they
and seals pro- issue, and signed by the clerk thereof. The seals shall be provided at
vided, the expense of the United States.
Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, -That the forms of writs,. execu-
tions and other process, except their style and the forms and modes of
Forms ofwrits, proceeding in suits in those of common law shall be the same as are now
used in the said courts respectively in pursuance of the act, entitled
1789, ch. 21. "An act to regulate processes in the courts of the United States," in
those of equity and in those of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction,
according to the principles, rules and usages which belong to courts of
equity and to courts of admiralty respectively, as contradistinguished
from courts of common law; except so far as may have been provided
for by the act to establish the judicial courts of the United States, sub-
ject however to such alterations and additions as the said courts respect-
ively shall in their discretion deem expedient, or to such regulations as
the supreme court of the United States shall think proper from time to
time by rule to prescribe to any circuit or district court concerning
When plain- the same: Provided, That on judgments in any of the cases aforesaid
tiffmaytake out where different kinds of executions are issuable in succession, a capias
a capias ad sa-
tisfaciendum in ad satisfaciendum being one, the plaintiff shall have his election to take
first instance, out a capias ad satisfaciendum in the first instance.
Fees for serv- Sac. 3. And be it further enacted, That from and after the passing
ing writs &c. this act, the fees and compensations to the several officers and other per-
sons hereafter mentioned, shall be as follows; that is to say, to the mar-
shals of the several districts of the United States, for the service of any
writ, warrant, attachment or process in chancery, on each person named
in the same, two dollars; for his travel out in serving each writ, warrant,
attachment or process aforesaid, five cents per mile, to be computed
from the place of service to the court where the writ or process shall be
returned; and if more persons than one are named therein, the travel
shall be computed from the court to the place of service which is most
remote, adding thereto the extra travel necessary to serve it on the other:
Provided, That the fee for travel where there is one person named in
such writ, warrant, attachment or process, shall in no case exceed seven
dollars, and when there are more than one the fee for extra travel shall
forbailbonds; not exceed one doll'ar above seven dollars for each person. For each
for selling yes- bail bond ift, cents; for selling goods and vessels condemned, and
sels and goods I
commitmeit or receiving and paying the money, three per cent.; for every commitment
discharge of a or discharge of a prisoner, fifty cents; for summoning witnesses, where
prisoner; sum- he does it, each thirty cents; for summoning a grand or petit jury, each
moning juries.
Provisoiun favor
three dollars: Provided, That in those states where jurors by the laws
of state consta-
of the state are drawn by constables or other officers of corporate towns
bles; 6r places by lot, the marshals shall receive for the use of such constables
for attending or officers the fees alowed for summoning juries: For attending the
courts; supreme, circuit or district courts, five dollars per day, and at the rate
of ten cents per mile for his expenses and time in travelling from the
levying execu- place of his abode to either of the said courts: For levying an execu-
tion, &c. tion, and for all other services not herein enumerated, such fees or com-
pensation as are allowed in the supreme court of the state where the
The act for regulating process in the courts of the United States, provides that the forms and modes
of proceeding in courts of equity and in those of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, shall be according
to the principles, rules, and usages, which belong to courts of equity, and to courts of admiralty, re-
spectively&is contradistinguished from courts of common law, subject, however, to alterations by the
courts,'Se. "'his act has been generally understood tG adopt the principles, rles, and usages of the
courts of chancery of England. Hinde v. Vattier, 5 Peters, 39.

. V7
SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cai. 36. 1792.
services shall be rendered :(a) To the clerk of the supreme court of fees of clerks.
the United States, ten dollars per day for his attendance in court, and
for his other services in discharging the duties of his office, double the
fees of the clerk of the supreme court of that state in which the supreme
court of the United States shall be holden. To the clerk of the district
and circuit courts such fees in each state respectively as are allowed in
the supreme courts of the same; and five dollars per day for his attend-
ance on any circuit or district court, and at the rate of ten cents per
mile for his expenses and time in travelling from the place of his abode
to either of the said courts. And in case any clerk of a court of the
United States shall in discharging the duties of his office perform any
kind of service which is not performed by the clerks of the courts of the
state, and for which the laws of the state make no allowance, the court
in which such service shall be rendered may allow a reasonable com-
pensation therefor. To each grand and petit juror fifty cents per day Jurors.
for attending in court, and for travelling, at the rate of five cents per
every mile from their respective places of abode to the place where the
court is held, and the like allowance for returning: To witnesses sum- Witnesses.
moned in any of the courts of the United States the same compensations
in each state respectively as are allowed in the supreme courts of the
same; To.the attorney of the United States for the district, such fees Attormies,
in each state respectively as are allowed in the supreme courts of the 1796, ch. 48,
same, and also the like compensation for travelling as is above allowed sec.1799,
2. ch. 19,
to the clerk of the district and circuit courts. se. 9.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the marshal shall have the Marshal to
custody of all vessels and goods seized by any officer of the revenue, have the 2usto-
and shall be allowed such compensation therefor as the court may judge dy of vessels
seized, and be
reasonable: And there shall be paid to the marshal the amount of the paid certain ex-
expense for fuel, candles, and other reasonable c6ntingencies that may penses of fuel
accrue'in holding the courts within his district, and providing the books &c.and receive
and pay the fees
necessary to record the proceedings thereof; and such amount, as also ofjurors &o.
the compensations aforesaid to the grand and petit jurors,-To the wit-
nesses' summoned on the part of the United States, to the clerk of the
supreme court for his attendance,-to the clerks of the district and cir-
cuit courts for their travelling and attendance,-to the attorney of the
district for travelling to court-to the marshal for his attendance at
court; for summoning grand and petit jurors and witnesses in behalf
of any prisoner to be tried for a capital offence; for the maintenance
of prisoners confined in gaol for any criminal offence, and for the com-
mitment or discharge of such prisoner,-and also the legal fees of the
clerk, attorney and marshal, in criminal prosecutions, shall be included
in the account of the marshal; and the same having been examined
and certified by the court or one of the judges of it in which the service
shall have been rendered, shall be passed in the usual manner at, and the
amount thereof paid out of the treasury of the United States, to the
marshal, and by him shall be paid over to the persons entitled to the
same, and the marshal shall be allowed two and an half per cent. on the hi- allowance
amount by him so paid over to be charged in his future account. therefor.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That in every prosecution for any Rules for pay-
fine or forfeiture incurred under any statutes of the United States, if ment of bycosts
icrred pro.
judgment is rendered against the defendant he shall be subject to the secutions for
payment of costs-And on every conviction for any other offence not fines &c.
capital, the court may, in their discretion, award that the defendant shall
pay the costs of prosecution-And if any informer or plaintiff on a
penal statute to whose benefit the penalty or any part thereof if recovered
is directed by law to accrue shall discontinue his suit or prosecution or
(a)Marshal.-The marshal shall have an attachment to enforce the payment of his fees of office against
suitors in the court. So also against the endorser on the writ, who by the lex loci, is liable to respond
for costs. 2 Gallis' C. C. R. 101.

278 SECOND CONGRESS. Sxss. 1. CH. 36. 1792.
shall be nonsuit in the same, or if upon trial a verdict shall pass for
the defendant, the court shall award to the defendant his costs, unless
such informer or plaintiff be an officer of the United States specially
authorized to commence such prosecution, and the court before whom
the action or information shall be tried, shall at the trial in open court,
certify upon record, that there was reasonable cause for commencing the
1813, ch. 14. same, in which case no costs shall be adjudged to the defendant.(a)
Fees herein SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the fees and compensations
how to be re- to the several officers and persons herein before mentioned, other than
covered, those which are above directed to be paid out of the treasury of the
United States, shall be recdvered in like manner as the fees of the
officers of the states respectively for like services are recovered.
Penalty on de- SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That if any officer herein before
manding unlaw- mentioned, or his deputy, shall by reason or colour of his office wilfully
ful fees., and corruptly demand and receive any greater fees than those allowed
by this act, he shall on conviction thereof in any court of the United
States, forfeit and pay a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or be
imprisoned not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court
before whom the conviction shall be.
Certain acts SeC. 8. And be itfurther enacted, That the act passed at the last
repealed. session of Congress, entitled "An act to continue in force for a limited
time, an act passed at the first session of Congress, entitled An act
to regulate processes in the courts of the United States;" and also
another act passed at the last session of Congress, entitled "An act
providing compensations for the officers of the judicial courts of the
United States, and for jurors and witnesses and for other purposes;' be
1791, oh. S. and the same are hereby repealed.
Clerk of su. SEC.-9. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
preme court to clerk of the supreme court of the United States, forthwith to transmit to
transmit to the clerks of the several circuit courts the form of a writ of error, to be
clerks ofoircuit
courts the form approved by any two of the judges of the supreme court, and it shall be
ofawritoferror. lawful for the clerks of the said circuit courts to issue writs of error
agreeably to such forms, as nearly as the case may admit, under the seal
of the said circuit courts, returnable to the supreme court, in the same
manner as the clerk of the supreme court may issue such writs, in pur-
suanoe of the act, intitled "An act to establish the judicial courts of
1789, oh. 20. the United States."
When clerks SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful
may take recog- for the clerks of the district and circuit courts, in the absence or in case
nizances debne of the disability of the judges, to take recognizances of special bail, de
esse; bene esse, in any action depending in either of the-said courts, and also
and affidavits of the affidavits of allsurveyors relative to their reports, and to administer
surveyors, &e. oaths to all persons identifying papers found on board of vessels or else-
where, to be used on trials in admiralty causes.
1812, ch. 25. SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That- in all suits and actions in
(a) Costs are not to be awarded against the United States. The United States V.Hoe et al., 3 Cranch,
73; 1 Cond. Rep. 458. The Antelope, 12 Wheat. 846 ; 6 Cond. Rep. 629.
Where there appeared some ground for the prosecution, costs were refused. The United States v. La
Vengeance, 3 Dal]. 297; 1 Cond. Rep. 182.
It is undoubtedly a general rule that no court can give a direct judgment against the United States in a
si;t to which they are a party, either in behalf of any suitor, or any officer of the government. But it
by no means follows that they are not liable for their own costs. No direct suit can be maintained against
the United States. But when an actiiin is brought by the United States, to recover money in the hands
of a party, who. has a legal claim against them for costs, it would be a very rigid principle to deny to
him the right of setting up such claim in a court of justice, and turn him round to an application to Con-
gress. if the right of the party is fixed by the existing law, there can be no necessity for an application
to Congress, except for the purpose of remedy. And no such necessity can exist, where the right can
be properly set up by way of defence to a suit by the United States. The United States v.Ringgold et
a)., S Peters. 150.
If a witness recognized for the defendant, is marked on the indictment and sent to the grand jury by
the district attorney, the United States on the acquittal of the prisoner, must pay the witness his costs.
The United States v. Coulter, Circuit Court of Pennsylvania, April, 1803.

SECOND CONGRESS. Suss. I. C. 37. 1792. 279
any district court of the United States, in which it shall appear that the Where judges
judge of such court is, any ways, concerned in interest, or has been of act as counsel
a party,
counsel for either party, it shall be the duty of such judge on application for
of either party, to cause the fact to be entered on the minutes of the their duty in
court, and also to order an authenticated copy thereof, with all the pro- such case.
ceedings in such suit or action, to be forthwith certified to the next
circuit court of the district, which circuit court shall, thereupon, take
cognizance thereof, in the like manner, as if it had been originally com-
menced in that court, and shall, proceed to hear and determine the same
accordingly.
SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That all the records and pro- Records of
ceedings of the court of appeals heretofore appointed, previous to the court of appeals
to be deposited
adoption of the present constitution, shaE be deposited in the office of with clerk of
the clerk of the supreme court of the United States, who is hereby supreme court.
authorized and directed to give copies of all such records and proceed-
ings, to any person requiring and paying for the same, in like manner
as copies of the records and other proceedings of the said court are by
law directed to be given: which copies shall have like faith and credit
as all other proceedings of the said court.
STATUTE 1.
CHAP. XXXVII.-n YSt making alterationsin the Treasury and War Depart- May 8, 1792.
ments.(a)
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by tire Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there
(a) The acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury department, have been: An act to
establish the Treasury department, September 2, 1789, chap. 12; an act supplemental to the act " estab-
lisning the Treasury department," and for further compensation to certain officers, March 3, 1791, chap.
18; an act making alterations in the Treasury and War departments, May 8, 1792, chap. 37; an act to
amend the act entitled, 'An act making alterations in the Treasury and War departments," February
13, 1795, chap. 21 ; an act for the more effectual recovery of debts due from individuals to the United
States, March 3, 1795, chap. 48 ; an act to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and
regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy departments, July 16, 1798, chap. 85 ; an act supplementary
to the act entitled, "An act to-establish the Treasury departmcnt," May 10, 1800, chap.58 ; an act further
to amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy depart-
ments, March 3, 1809, chap. 28 ; an act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to appoint a clerk in
the office of the commissioner of revenue, with power to sign licenses, November 22, 1814, chap. 7 ;
an act supplementary to an act making alterations in the Treasury and War departments, passed 8th day
of May, 1792, April 29, 1816, chap. 140; an act to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts,
March 3, 1817, chap. 45 ; an act making appropriation for the payment of arrearages which have been
incurred for the support of the military establishment previous to the first of January, one thousand eight
hundred and seventeen, February 16, 1818, chap. 10 ; an act supplementaty to the act entitled, "An act
to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts," February 24, 1819, chap. 43 ; an act to provide
for obtaining accurate statements of the foreign commerce of the United States, Febrary 10, 1820, chap.
11 ; an act in addition to the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and
Naval departments, May 1, 1820, chap. 52; an act to provide for the better organizing the Treasury de.
partment, May 15, 1820, chap. 107. (See The United States v. Maurice et al., 2 Brockeeb. C. C. Rt. 96.)
An act further to amend the several acts relative to the Treasury, War, and Naval'departments, May 7,
1822. chap. 90; an act to organize the general land office, July 4, 1836, chap. 352, see. 12; an act to
authorize the proper officers of the Treasury department to credit the account of the Treasurer of the
United States, with the amount of unavailable Funds standing to his debit on the books of the Treasury,
to transfer the amount of the debit of banks and individuals indebted for the same, and to authorize the
Secretary of the Treasury to compromise and settle the same, March 3, 1837, chap. 35.
Department of War. The acts establishing and regulating the department of War, are : An act to
establish an executive department to be denominated the Department of War, August 7, 1789, chap. 7;
an aet making alterations in the Treasury and War departments, May 8, 1792, chap. 37; an act to amend
the act entitled, "An act making alterations in the Treasury and War departments," February 13, 1795,
chap. 21 ; an act to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury,
War, and Naval departments, July 16, 1798, chap. 85 ; an act concerning public contracts, April 21,
1808, chap. 48, see. 5 ; an act further to amend the several acts for the establishment and regulation of
the Treasury, War, and Naval departments, March 3, 1809, chap. 28; an act concerning the annual sum
appropriated for arming and equipping the oiitia, April 29, 1816, chap. 136 ; an anct supplementary to
" an act making alterations in the Treasury and War departments," passed St.; May, 1792, April 29, 1816,
chap. 140 ; an act to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts, March 3, 1817, chap. 45 ; an
act in addition to the sereral acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy
departments, May 1, 1820, chap. 52; an act to amend the several acts relative to the Ti easocy, War, and
Navy departments, May 7, 1822, chap. 90.

SECOND CONGRESS. Siss. I. CH. 37. 1792.
Accountant be an accountant to the department of war, who shall be charged with

in the war de- the settlement of all accounts relative to the pay of the army, the sub.
partmeut, his
Muy.
sistence of officers, bounties to soldiers, the expenses of the recruiting
service, the incidental and contingent expenses of the department; and
May27,1796. who shall report from time to time, all such settlements as shall have
been made by him, for the inspection and revision of the accounting
officers of the treasury; and the said accountant shall also be charged
with the settlement of all claims for personal service authorized by the
act of this Congress of the twenty-seventh of March last, and of all
military claims lodged in the late office of the paymaster general and
commissioner of army accounts, which are not foreclosed by the acts of
limitation of the late Congress, and he shall report from time to time,
all such settlements as have been made by him, for the inspection and
revision of the Comptroller of the Treasury. The compensation of the
Salary. said accountant shall be a yearly salary of one thousand two hundred
dollars.
'Duty of the Sac. 9. And be it further enacted, That the treasurer of the United
Treasureroothe States shall disburse all such monies as shall have been previously
U. S.herein. ordered for the use of the department of war by warrants from the
treasury, which disbursements shall be made pursuant to warrants from
1821, ch. 90.
the Secretary at War, countersigned by the accountant.
Paymaster of SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That there be a paymaster to
the troops, his reside near the head-quarters of the troops of the United States. That
duty. it shall be the duty of the said paymaster, to receive from the treasurer
all the monies which shall be entrusted to him for the purpose of paying
the pay, the arrears of pay, subsistence or forage, due to the troops of
the United States. That he shall receive the pay abstracts of the pay-
masters of the several regiments or corps, and compare the same with
the returns or muster rolls which shall accompany the said pay abstracts.
That he shall certify accurately to the commanding officer, the sums due
to the respective corps, which shall have been examined as aforesaid,
who shall thereon issue his warrant on the said deputy paymaster, for
the payment accordingly. That copies of all reports to the commanding,
officer, and the warrants thereon, shall be duly transmitted to the office
of the accountant of the war department, in order to be there examined
To give bond. and finally adjusted at the treasury. That the said paymaster shall give
bond in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, with two sufficient sureties,
for the faithful discharge of his duty, and he shall take an oath faithfully
to execute the duties of his office. That the compensation to the said
His salary. paymaster shall be sixty dollars monthly, with the same rations and
forage as a major.
Assignment Sac. 4. And be it further enacted, That no assignment of pay made
of pay by a sol. after, the first day of June next, by a non-commissioned officer or private,
dier after Ist
June shall be valid.
next not
valid. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That all purchases and contracts
Contracts for
supplying the for supplying the army with provisions, clothing, supplies in the quarter-
army to be made master's department, military stores, Indian goods, and all other supplies
under
retary the
of Sec-
the or articles for the use of the department of war, be made by or under
Treasury. the direction of the treasury department.
To direct the SEc. 6. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Trea-
collection ofdu- sury shall direct the superintendence of the collection of the duties on
ties, &c. impost and tonnage as he shall judge best. That the present office of
Assistant Sec. assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury, be abolished, and that instead
retary abolish- thereof there be an officer in the department of the treasury, to be
ed, and Corn-
missioner of the denominated Commissioner of the Revenue, who shall be charged with
Revenueseubsti. superintending, under the direction of the head of the department, the
tuted, collection of the other revenues of the United States, and shall execute
his duty. such other services, being conformable to the constitution of the depart-
ment, as shall be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury. That the

SECOND CONGRESS. Szss.I.r CH. 38. 1792.
compensation of the said commissioner shall be a salary of one thousand Salary.

nine hundred dollars per annum.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That in every case of an account And powers,
with the Auditor
or claim not finally adjusted, upon which the present comptroller of the and Attorney-
treasury, as auditor, may have decided, it shall be the duty of the com- General.
missioner of the revenue, and of the auditor of the treasury, finally to
adjust the same, and in case of disagreement between the said com-
missioner and auditor, the decision of the attorney general shall be final.
SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That in case of the death, absence Power of the
from the seat of government, or sickness of the Secretary of State, President on
death, &c. of
Secretary of the Treasury, or of the Secretary of the War department, the heads of the
or of any officer of either of the said departments whose appointment three depart-
is not in the head thereof, whereby they cannot perform the duties of ments.
their said respective offices, it shall be lawful for the Pxesident of the
United States, in case he shall think it necessary, to authorize any person
or persons at his discretion to perform the duties of the said respective 1795, ch. 21.
offices until a successor be appointed, or until such absence or inability
by sickness shall cease.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the forms of keeping and Treasury de-
partment to pre-
rendering all public accounts whatsoever, shall be prescribed by the scribe forms for
department of the Treasury. keeping ac.
SEc. 10. And be it further enacted, That in addition to the compen- counts.
sations allowed to the comptrollu., uditor, treasurer, and register of the 1789, ch. 13.
treasury, by the "act for establishing the salaries of the executive officers Yearly alow-
of government, their assistants and clerks," and to.the attorney general ance to certain
officers of the
by the "act for allowing certain compensations to the judges of the Treasury and
supreme and other courts, and to the attorney general of the United Attorney Gen-
States," the said officers respectively shall be allowed the following eral.
yearly sums, viz : the comptroller four hundred dollars; the auditor four 1789, oh. 18.
hundred dollars; the treasurer four hundred dollars; the register five
hundred dollars; the attorney general four hundred dollars.
SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Trea- Secretary of
sury be authorized to have two principal clerks, each of whom to have a the Treasury
allowed two
salary of eight hundred dollars per annum; and that the salary of the principal clerks.
chief clerk of the department of war, be at the rate of eight hundred
dollars per year.
SEc. 12. And be it further enacted, That the restriction on the clerks Restriction on
his clerks as to
of the department of the treasury so far as respects the carrying on of carrying on
any trade or business, other than in the funds or debts of the United trade abolished;
States or of any state, or in any kind of public property, be abolished, and that as to
the funds ex-
and that such restriction, so far as respects the funds or debts of the tended to all
United States, or of any state, or any public property of either, be revenue offi-
extended to the commissioner of the revenue, to the several commis- cers, &c.
sioners of loans, and to all persons employed in their respective offices, 1799, ch. 22,§ 87,
and to all officers of the United States concerned in the collection or 1789, oh. 12.
disbursement of the revenues thereof, under the penalties prescribed in
the eighth section of the act, intitled "An act to establish the treasury 1792. oh. 7.
department," and the provisions relative to the officers in the treasury Privilege of
department, contained in the "Act to establish the post-office and post franking ex-
tended to Coin-
roads," shall be and hereby are extended and applied to the commissioner missioner of the
of the revenue. Revenue.
Avraovsn, Maj 8, 1792.
STATU .
CHAP. XXXVLIU.,-JA ACt supplementary to the act making provisionfor Mc May 8, 1792.
Debt.of the United Slates.
SECTIO4 1. Be it ezacted by the Senate and House of Representatives [Obsolete.]
1790, ch. 34.
of the United States of 'America in Congress assembled, That the term
VOL 1.--36 2 A2

282 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cu. 38. 1792.
Term for re- for receiving on loan that part of the domestic debt of the United
ceiving on loanSteswhc
the n loan States, which bath not been subscribed pursuant to the terms proposed
ed domestic in the act, intituled, "An act making provision for the debt of the
debt of U. United States," shall be, and it is hereby extended, on the same terms,
States extend-
ed. as in and by the said act is provided, to the first day of March next;
Subscription and books, for receiving such farther subscription, shall be opened at
books to be the treasury of the United States, and by the commissioners of loans in
opened. each of the said states, on the first day of June next, which shall con-
tinue open until the said first day of March next inclusively; for which
purpose, the said commissioners, respectively, are hereby invested with
1790,.ch. 34. the like powers, and required to perform the like duties, as in and by
the said act is directed.
Interest to Sae. 2. And be it further enacted, That such of the creditors of the
non-subscribing United States, as have not subscribed and shall not subscribe to the said
loan; shall nevertheless receive a rate per centum on the amount of so
much of their respective demands, as well for interest as principal, as,
on or before the first day of March, shall be registered, conformably to
the directions of the said act, as shall be equal to the interest payable to
the subscribing creditors, which shall be payable at the same times and
places, and by the same persons, as in and by the said act is directed.
Term for re. SEC. 3. And be itfurther enacted, That the term for receiving upon
ceiving state loan that part ofthe debts of the respective states, which bath not been
debts extended, subscribed pursuant to the terms proposed in the act aforesaid, shall be,
and it is hereby enlarged on the same terms, as in and by the said act is
provided, until the first day of March, one thousand seven hundred and
subscription ninety-three inclusively; for which purpose, books shall be opened at
books to be the treasury of the United States, and by the commissioners of loans in
op.'ned. each of the said states, on the first day of June next, which shall con-
tinue open until the first day of March, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-three inclusively ; for which purposes the said commissioners
are hereby invested with the like powers, and required to perform the
like duties, as, in and by the said act, is directed.
Certain cer- SEC. 4. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That the com-
tificates of N. missioner of loans for North Carolina shall not be allowed to receive
Carolina exclu-
ded. any certificate issued by Patrick Travers, commissioner of Cumberland
county, or by the commissioners of army accounts at Warrenton,
Debt due to SEC. 5. And whereas the United States are indebted to certain foreign
certain
officers, foreign
Presi- officers, on account of pay and services during the late war, the interest
dent to cause to whereof, pursuant to the certificates granted to the said officers by virtue
be paid, of a resolution of the United States in Congress assembled, is payable at
the house of Grand, banker, at Paris, and it is expedient to
discharge the same. Be it therefore enacted, That the President of the
United States be, and he hereby is authorized to cause to be discharged
the principal and interest of the said debt, out of any of the monies,
which have been or shall be obtained on loan, in virtue of the act afore-
said, and which shall not be necessary ultimately to fulfil the purposes
for which the said monies are, in and by the said act, authorized to be
borrowed.
Certain per. SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the President of the Senate,
sons appointed the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury,
Commissioners
topurchase debt and the Attorney General, for the time being, shall be commissioners,
of the U. S. &c. who, or any three of whom, are hereby authorized, with the approbation
of the President of the U'nited States, to purchase the debt of the United
States, at its market price, if not exceeding the par or true value thereof;
fir which purchase the interest on so much of the public debt, as has
already been, or may hereafter be purchased for the United States, or
as shall be paid into the treasury, and so much of the monies appro-
priated for the payment of.the interest on the foreign and domestic debt,
as shall exceed what may be sufficient for the payment of such interest

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. I. Ca. 39. 192.
to the creditors of the United States, shall be and are hereby appro-
priated. And it shall be the duty of the said commissioners'to render Acoounttobe
to the legislature, within two months after the commencement of the rendered anna-
first session thereof in every year, a full and precise account of all such ally.
purchases made, and public debt redeemed, in pursuance of this act.
SEe. 7. And whereas it is expedient to establish a fund for the gra- Out of a fund
dual reduction of the public debt: Be it further enacted,That the interest created for the
on so much of the debt of the United States, as has been or shall be par- purpose.
chased or redeemed for or by the United States, or as shall be paid into
the treasury thereof in satisfaction of any debt or demand, and the surplus
of any sum or sums appropriated for the payment of the interest upon
the said debt, which shall remain after paying such interest, shall be, and
hereby are appropriated and pledged firmly and inviolably for and to the
purchase and redemption of the said debt, to be applied under the direc- how to be ap-
tion of the President of the Senate, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of plied.
State, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General for the
time being, or any three of them, with the approbation of the President
of the United States, for the time being, in manner following, that is to
say: First, to the purchase of the several specie5 of stock constituting
the debt of the United States, at their respective market prices, not
exceeding the par or true value thereof, and as nearly as may be, in
equal proportions, until the annual amount of the said funds, together
with any other provisions which may be made by law, shall be equal to
two per centum of the whole amount of the outstanding funded stock
bearing a present interest of six per centum. Thenceforth, secondly, to
the redemption of the said last mentioned stock, according to the right
for that purpose reserved to the ;United States, until the whole amount
thereof shall have been redeemed. And lastly, after such rederpt ion, to
the purchase, at its market price, of any other stock consisting of the
debt of the United States, which may then remain unredeemed: and
such purchase, as far as the fund shall at any time extend, shall be made
within thirty days next after each day, on which a quarterly payment of
interest on the debt of the United States shall become due, and shall be
made by a known agent, to be named by the said commissioners.
Sac. S. And be it further enacted, That all future purchases of public Purchases how
debt on account of the United States, shall be made at the lowest price, to be made.
at which the same can be obtained by open purchase, or by receiving
sealed proposals; to be opened in the presence of the commissioners, or
persons authorized by them to make purchases, and the persons making
such proposals.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted,That quarter yearly accounts of the Quarterly ac.
application of the said fund shall be rendered for settlement, as other public counts of appli-
cation of said
accounts, accompanied with returns ofthe sumsofthe said debt, which fund to be ren-
shall have been from time to time purchased or redeemed; and a full and dered &r.
exact report of the proceedings of the said commissioners, including a
statement of the disbursements, which shall have been made, and of the
sums which shall have been purchased or redeemed under their direc-
tion, and specifying dates, prices, parties, and places, shall be laid before
Congress, within the first fourteen days of each session which may ensue
the present, during the execution of the said trust.
STATUTE L
( IIAP. XXXIX.-An Act to provide for a Copper Coinage. May 8, 1792.

SECTION 1. Be it -enactedby the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the diree Director of
tor of the mint, with the approbation of the President of the United the mint to pur.
States, be authorized t9 contract for and purchase a quantity of copper, chas, copper

284 SECOND CONGRIESS. SESS. I. CH. 40,41. 1792.
and have coinednot exceeding one hundred and fifty tons, and that the said director, as
into cents &c. soon as the needful preparations shall be made, cause the copper by him
April 24,1800, purchased to be coined at the mint into cents and half cents, pursuant
ch. 1. to "the act establishing a mint, and regulating the coins of the United
1792, ch. 16. States;" and that the said cents and half cents, as they shall be coined,
whence to is. be. paid into the treasury of the United States, thence to issue into circu-
sue. lation.
Director to SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That after the expiration of six
certapublish
suWhenhas calendar months from the time when there phall have been paid into the
been paid into treasury by the said director, in cents and half cents, a sum not less than
the Treasury. fifty thousand dollars, which time shall forthwith be announced by the
treasurer in at least two gazettes or newspapers, published at the seat of
the government of the United Stais, for the time being, no copper coins
or pieces whatsoever, except the said cents and half cents, shall pass
current as money, or shall be paid, or offered to be paid or received
in payment for any debt, demand, claim, matter or thing whatsoever;
Penalty for and all copper coins or pieces, except the said cents and half cents,
to pass
offeringcopper
other which shall be paid or offered to be paid or received in payment con-
coins p trary to the prohibition aforesaid, shall be forfeited, and eveiy person by
whom any of them shall have been so paid or offered to be paid or
received in paynient, shall also forfeit the sum of ten dollars, and the
said forfeiture and penalty shall and may be recovere-with costs of suit
for the benefit of any person or persons by whom information of the
incurring thereof shall have been given.
STATUTE I.
May 8, 1792. CHAP. XL.-.dn det for making compensatins to tke Coammssioners of Lone
fir extraordinary exenses.
Stationary, &c. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
allowed to Con-
missioners of United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Commis-
Loans. sioners of Loans in the several states shall be allowed, in, the settlement
of their accounts, such sums as shall appear to have been necessarily
expended by them in the purchase of stationary for -the use of their
several offices, and also for the hire of clerks to assist in executing the
duties of their respective offices, from the first day of October last, until
the first day of March one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
STATUTE I.
May 8, 1792. CHAP. XLI.-2n Id makingeerlainappropriationstherein speeffed.

Specific ap. SECTrn 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
prolmiations. tives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That
there be granted and appropriated the following sums for the following
purposes, to wit :-For the discharge of a balance to the commissioners
appointed under the act of Congress of the fitteenth of March, one
thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, two thousand seven hundred
and eighty-seven dollars and eighty-eight cents: For additional salary
to the first clerk of the commissioners for settling accounts Uetween
the United States and individual states, one hundred and eighty-seven
dollars and ninety-one cents: For defraying the expense of stating and
printing certain public accounts, pursuant to the order of the House of
Representatives of the thirtieth of December one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-one, eight hundred dollars: For disehargingthe accounts
of officers of the courts of the United States, jurors and witnesses, in aid
of the fund heretofore appropriated, seventeen thousand dollars: For
making good deficiencies in former appropriations, for defraying the
expense of the enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States,

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I., CH. 42.. 1792. 285
four thousand six hundred and ninety-five dollars and fifty-nine cents:
For discharging certain accounts against the treasury department, to the
end of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, including
a sum of six hundred dollars, for furnishing the supervisors of the re-
venue with screw presses, seals, and other articles, one thousand nine
hundred and fifty-five dollars, and sixty-one cents: For a balance due to
Lieutenant John Freeman of the -late Maryland line, on account of sub-
sistence for the years one thousand seven hundred and eighty-two and one
thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, forty-one dollars and seventy-
five cents: For compensations to the clerks of the acting commissioner
of army accounts, and contingencies of his office, one thousand three
hundred and twenty-nine dollars and sixteen cents: For additional com-
pensations to the doorkeepers of the House of Representatives, pursuant
to a resolution of the House, of the twenty-fourth of March last, seven
hundred dollars: For the discharge of such demands against the United
States, not otherwise provided for, as shall have been ascertained and
admitted, in due course of settlement at the treasury, and which are of
a nature, according to the usage thereof, to require payment in specie,
five thousand dollars. All which said sums, amounting together, to thirty-
fout thousand four hundred and ninety-seven dollars and ninety cents,
shall and miy be paid out of the funds following, any, or all of them;
namely, the surpluses which may remain of appropriations heretofore out of what
made, after satisfying the purposes of such appropriations; monies which funds payable.
have been paid into the treasury, in consequence of balances which have
been found due from individuals, relating to transactions prior to the
present government of the United States; the surplus, not heretofore
appropriated, of the duties on imports and tonnage, which accrued to
the end of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one.
Src. 2. And be it further enacted, That so much of the aforesaid Additional sp-
surplus of the duties on imports and tonnage, which accrued to the end propriations for
expense of"add.
of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, as may be eg another re-
necessary, shall be and is hereby appropriated, in addition to the pro- giment to mili-
vision heretofore made, towards defraying the expenses, which shall have tary establish-
been incurred in the execution of the act for raising and adding another met.
regiment to the military establishment of the United States, and for 1791, ch. 28.
making farther provision for the protection of the frontiers, within the
limits of the sum of three hundred and twelve thousand, six hundred
and eighty-six dollars, and twenty cents thereby authorized; and to-
wards reimbursing any sums, which may have been borrowed, or ad-
vances of money which may have been obtained for that purpose.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That a sum of fifty thousand Forintercourse
dollars in addition to the provision heretofore made be appropriated to with foreigana-
tions.
defray any expense which may be incurred in relation to the intercourse
between the United States and foreign nations, to be paid out of any
monies, which may be in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, and
to be applied under the direction of the President of the United States Presidentm1v
who, if necessary, is authorized to borrow, on the credit of the United borrow $50,000.
States, the said sum of fifty thousand dollars: an account of the expen-
diture whereof as soon as may be, shall be laid before Congress.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XLII.-An 9ct respecting the government of the territoriesof the United May 8, 1792.
States northwest and south of the river Ohio.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and thouse of Rep:'csena- Laws of north-
tires qf the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Sry western
how territo-
to be
laws of the territory northwest of the river Ohio, that have been or here- published, dis-
after may be enacted by the governor and judges thereof, shall be printed tributed, &c.
under the direction of the Secretary of State, and two hundred copies 1789, ch. S.

286 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. RESOLUTiON. '1792.
thereof, together with ten sets of the laws of the United States, shall be
delivered to the said governor and judges, to be distributed among the
inhabitants for their information, and that a like number of the laws of
the United States shall be delivered to the governor and judges of the
territory southwest of the river Ohio.
Power of Gov. SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the governor and judges of
ernor and the territory northwest of the river Ohio shall be, and hereby are author-
ized to repeal their laws by them made, whensoever
the same may be
found to be improper.
Power of the SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the official duties of the
secretaries, secretaries of the said territories shall be under the control of such laws,
as are or may be in force in the said territories.
One supreme SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That any one of the supreme or
judge may hold superior judges of the said territories, in the absence of the other judges,
court, shall be and hereby is authorized to hold a court.
Seals by whom SEC. 5. And be ,it further enacted, That the secretary of state, pro-
provided. vide proper seals for the several and respective public offices in the said
territories.
The limitation SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the limitation act, passed
act passed hyby th
the governor by the governor and judges of the said territory, the twenty-eighth day
and judges dis. of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, be and
approved, hereby is disapproved.
Certain ex- SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That the expenses incurred by
penses allowed John Cleves Symmes and George Turner, two of the judges of the said
to John C.
Symmes, &c. territory, in sending an express, and in purchasing a boat to go the
circuit, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety, shall be
liquidated by the officers of the treasury, and paid out of the treasury
of the United States.
May 8, 1792.
The Secretary RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
of the Treasury States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the
to furnish to the
collectors print- Treasury cause to be provided, for the use of the several cqllectors in
ed clearances, the United States, printed clearances, on the back whereof shall be
on of a printed account of the methods, which have been found to answer for
backme--wtranofcntutnexepesil,
the the
which
thods for obtain- obtaining fresh, from saltwater, and of constructing extempore stills,
ing fresh from of such implements, as are generally on board of every vessel, with a
salt water, shall recommendation, in all cases, where they shall have occasion to resort
be published, to this expedient for obtaining water, to publish the result of their trial
in some gazette, on their return to the United States, or to communicate
it for publication, to the office of the Secretary of State, in order that
others may, by their success, be encouraged to make similar trials, and
be benefited by any improvements or new ideas which may occur to
them in practice.

ACTS OF THE SECOND CONGRESS
OF. T11E
UNITED STATES,
Passedat the second session, which was begun and held at the City of
Philadelphia,in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday, thefifth day
of November, 1792, and ended on the second day of March, 1793.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, JOHN ADAMS, Vice President of the
United States, and President of the Senate, JOHN LANODON, Presi-
dent of the Senate pro tempore, on the second of March 1793, JONA-
THAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
STATUTE IT.
CHAPTER 1.-an act concerning the registering and recording of ships or Dec. 31, 1792.
vessels. (a)
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 'What ships or
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That ships or vessels shall be
(a) The decisions of the courts of the United States on the acts relating to the registering of ships and
vessels, have been :
An American registered vessel, in part transferred by grant while at sea, to an American citizen, and
re-sold to her original owners on her return into port before her entry, does not, by that operation, lose
her privilege as an American bottom, nor become 20. subject to foreign dirties. The United States v. Wil-
ings and Francis, 4 Cranch, 48; 2 Cond. Rep.
In case of alienation to a foreigner, the privileges of an American bottom are ipso facto forfeited; but
in case of alienation to a citizen, they are not forfeited until after she ought to havebeen registered anew;
and the oath which entitles her owner to enter as an American bottom, does not require such new regis-
ter. Ibid.
The register is the only document which needs be on board during a period or universal peace, in
compliance with the warranty of national character. Catlett v. The Pacific Ins. Comp., Paine's C. C.
R. 594.
If one of two partners in a house of trade in the United States, obtain a register for a vessel as a ves-
sel of the United States, by swearing that he, together with his partner of the city of New York, are the
sole owners of the vessel, when, in fact, his partner is domicilled in England, the vessel is liable to for-
feiture under the act of December 31, 1792. The Venus, 8 Cranch, 253; 3 Cond. Rep. 109.
A transfer of a vessel of the United States to a foreign subject in a foreign port, for the purpose of
evading the revenue law of a foreign country with an understanding that she is to be afterwards re-con-
veyed to the former owner, works a forfeiture of the vessel under the 16th section of the registering act
of December 31, 1792, unless the transfer is made known in the manner prescribed by the 7th section of
the act. The Margaret, 9 Wheat. 421 ; 5 Cond. Rep. 638.
The proviso in the 16th section of the registry act, being by way of exception from the enacting clause,
need not be taken notice of in a libel filed to enforce a forfeiture. The proviso applies only to the case
of a part owner. Ibid.
By the law of the United States relating to the registry and enrolling of vessels, the inaccurate recital
of the certificate of registry on a bill of sale does not, as in England, avoid the sale; but merely deprives
the vessel of her American character. Phillips v. Ledley, t Wash. C. C. R. 228.
If a registered Vessel is assigned to a foreigner, she is only deprived of her American character. The
sale of a licensed vessel to a foreigner is not void, but the vessel is liable to forfeiture. Ibid.
Under the act of Congress of December 31, 1792, which declares, that " if a false oath be taken to
procure a register for a vessel, the vessel, or its value, shall be forfeited," the United States have an
election to proceed against the vessel as forfeited, or against the person who took the false oath, for its
value. But until that election is made, the property does not vest in the United States, and the United
States cannot maintain an action for money had and received against the assignees of the person who
took the oath, and who became bankrupt; the assignees having sold the vessel and recovered the pur-
chase money before the seizure of the vessel. The United States v. Grundy et al., 3 Cranch, 331 ; 1
Cond. Rep. 554.
Under the 27th section of the registry act of 1792, vessels which have not been previously registered,
as well as those which have been previously registered, may be forfeited by a fraudulent use of the cer-
tificate of register. The Neptune, 3 Wheat. 601 ; 4 Cond. Rep. 351.
A citizen of the United States, resident in a foreign country, may, under the act of December 31,
1792, command a registered vessel of the United States, without her right to the payment of domestic
duties being affected thereby : but under the same act he cannot be the owner of a vessel of the United
States. United States v, Gillies, Peters's C. C. R. 159.
By the licensing act of February 15, 1793, no coaster can be sold in a foreign port, unless her license
287

SECOND CONGRESS. SEas. U. Cis. 1. 1792.
deemed of the vessels, which shall have been registered by virtue of the act, intituled
United 1. 1789, "An act for registering
Sept States. and clearing vessels, regulating the coasting
ch. 11. trade, and for other purposes," and those which after the last day of
March next, shall be registered, pursuant to this act, and no other
(except such as shall be duly qualified, according to law, for carrying
on the coasting trade and fisheries, or one of them) shall be denominated
and deemed ships or vessels of the-United States, entitled to the benefits
to enjoy the and privileges appertaining to such ships or vessels: Provided,That
privileges only they shall not continue to enjoy the same, longer than they shall continue
&c. by citizens to be wholly owned, and to be commanded by a citizen or citizens of
of U. States. the said states.
What ships or SEC. 2. And he it further enacted, That ships or vessels built within
vessels may be the United States, whether before or after, the fourth of July, one thonu-
registered. sand seven hundred and seventy-six, and belonging wholly to a citizen
or citizens thereof, or not built within the said states, but on the six-
teenth day of May, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-
nine, belonging and thenceforth continuing to belong to a citizen or
June 27, 1797, citizens thereof, and ships or vessels which may hereafter be captured
ch. 5.
March 27, in war, by, such citizen or citizens, and lawfully condemned as priz-e,
1804, ch. 52. or which have been, or may be adjudged to be forfeited for a breach of
the laws of the United States, being wholly owned by a citizen or citi-
zens thereof, and no other, may be registered as herein after directed :
Registry bene. Provided, That no such ship or vessel shall be entitled to be so regis-
fits of', confined dorires
to actual resi- tered or if registered, to the benefits thereof, if owned in whole, or in
dents, part, by any citizen of the United States, who usually resides in a foreign
country, during the continuance of such residence, unless such citizen
be in the capacity of a consul of the United States, or an agent ,for,
unless in capa- and a partner in, some house of trade or co-partnership, consisting of
city of consul or
agent for a citizens of the said states actually carrying on trade within the said
house ofurade. states: And provided further, That no ship or vessel, built within the
United States, prior to the said sixteenth day of May, which was not
then owned wholly, or in part, by a citizen or citizens of the United
States, shall be capable -of being registered, by virtue of any transfer
to a citizen or citizens, which may hereafter be made, unless by way of
prize or forfeiture : Poovided nevertheless, That this shall not be con-
strued to prevent the registering anew, of any ship or vessel, which was
before registered, pursuant to the act before mentioned.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That every ship or vessel, here-
after to be registered (except as is herein after provided) shall be regis-
Ships or yes- tered by the collector of the district in which shall be comprehended the
sels by whom port to which such ship or vessel shall- belong, at the time of her regis-
registered. try, which port shall be deemed to be that, at or nearest to which, the
owner, if there be but one, or if more than one, the husband or acting
Ships or yes. and managing owner of such ship or vessel, usually resides. And the
sela name &c. name of the said ship or vessel, and of the port to which she shall so
to be painted on
the stern, &c. belong, shall be painted on her stern, on a black ground, in white let-
ters, of not less than three inches in length. And if any ship or vessel
of the United States, shall he found, without having her name, and the
forfeiture nne- name of the polt, to which she belongs, painted in manner aforesaid,
glect thereof, the owner or owners shall forfeit fifty dollars; one half to the person
be previously surrendered, nor is her American character changed by such transfer. Btt if she be con-
demned for a violation of that law, and sold under an order of court, she may become foreign property.
United States v. The Hawke, Bee's Adm. Rep. 34. See also the United States v. The Brig Burdett, 9
Peters. 682.
By the act of 1793, no registered ship or vessel can, while she remains registered, engage in the whale
fisheries, but she must surrender her register, and be enrolled and licensed for the fisheries. The United
States v. Rogers, 3 Sumner's C. C. R. 3-42.
By the arrival of a vessel sailing under a temporary register at her home port, within the meaning of
the 3d section of the coasting act of 1793, is meant an arrivsl in the regular course of an employment,
at one or the termini of her voyage, or for an object connected with, and making part of, the business
in wlich she is engaged. United States v. Shackford, Ware's D. C. R. 171.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. C. 1. 1792.
giving the information thereof; the other half to the use of the United
States.
SEC. 4. And be itfurther enacted, That in order to the registry of Registry how
any ship or vessel, an oath or affirmation shall be taken and subscribed to be obtained,
by the owner, or by one of the owners thereof, before the officer author- substance ofthe
ized, to make such registry, who is hereby empowered to administer oath tobetaken
the same, declaring, according to the best of the knowledge and belief berore register-
of the person so swearing or affirming, the name of such ship or vessel,
her burthen, the place where, she was built, if built within the United
States, and the year in which she was built; and if built within the
United States, before the said sixteenth day of May, one thousand seven
hundred and eighty-nine, that she was then owned wholly, or in part,
by a citizen or citizens of the United States; and if not built within
the said states, that she was, on the. said sixteenth day of May, and ever
since, hath continued to be, the entire property of a citizen or citizens
of the United States; or that she was, at some time posterior to the Substance of
time when this act shall take effect, (specifying the said time) captured oath for obtain-
ing registry of
in war by a citizen or citizens of the said states, and lawfully condemned ships or vessels.
as prize (producing a copy of the sentence of condemnation, authenti-
cated in the usual forms)or that she has been adjudged to be forfeited
for a breach of the laws of the United States, (producing a like copy
of the sentence whereby she shall have been so adjudged) and declaring
his or her name and place of abode, and if he or she be the sole owner
of the said ship or vessel that such is the case; or if there be another
owner or other owners, that there is or are such other owner or
owners, specifying his, her, or their name or names, and place or places.
of abode, and that he, she, or they, as the case may be, so swearing or
affirming, is or are citizens of the United States; and where an owner
resides in a foreign country, in the capacity of a consul of the United
States, or as an agent for, and a partner in, a house or co-partnership,
consisting of citizens of the United States, and actually carrying on
trade within the United States, that such is the case, and that there is
no subject or citizen of any foreign prince or state, directly, or indirectly,
by way of trust, confidence, or otherwise, interested in such ship or
vessel, or in the profits, or issues thereof; and that the master, or com-
mander thereof is a citizen, naming the said master, or commander,
and stating the means whereby, or manner in which, he is so a citizen.
And in case, any of the matters of fact, in the said oath or affirmation
alleged, which shall be within the knowledge of the party, so swearing,
or affirming, shall not be true, there shall be a forfeiture of the ship or Forfeiture of
vessel, together with her tackle, furniture and apparel, in respect to vessel, &c. on
which, the same shall have been made, or of the value thereof, to be ly.swearing false-
recovered, with costs of suit, of the person, by whom such oath or How reeov-
affirmation shall have been made: Provided always, That if the master, ered.
or person having the charge or command of such ship or vessel, shall be iIn what eases
or peron s asters of yes-
within the district aforesaid, when application shall be made for register- sels, &c. shall
ing the same, he shall, himself, make oath, or affirmation, instead of make oath as to
the said owner, touching his being a citizen, and the means whereby, citizenship
or manner in which, he is so a citizen; in which case, if what the said
master, or person having the said charge or command, shall so swear or and, if not true,
affirm, shall not be true, the forfeiture aforesaid shall not be incurred, to forfeit $1000.
but he shall, himself, forfeit and pay, by reason thereof, the sum of one
thousand dollars: And providedfurther, That in the case of a ship, or
vessel, built within the United States, prior to the sixteenth day of May
aforesaid, which was not then ,own~ed by a citizen or citizens of the
United States, but which, by irtue of a transfer to such citizen or How the oath
citizeo , shall have been registered, pursuant to the act before mentioned, may be varied.
the oath or affirmation, hereby required, shall and may be varied, ac-
VOL. 1.--37 qB

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. CH. 1. 1792.
cording'to the truth of the case, as often as it shall be requisite to grant

a new register for such ship or vessel.
Like oath to SEc. 5. And-be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of every
be taken by., owner, resident within the United States, of any ship or vessel, to which
other owners (1f
any) than the , a certificate of registry may be granted, (in case there be more than one
applicant, &c. such owner) to transmit to the collector, who may have granted the
same, a like oath or affirmation with that herein before directed to be
taken and subscribed by the owner, on whose application, such certifi-
within 90 days. cate shall have been granted, and within ninety days after the same may
have been so granted; which oath or affirmation may, at the option of
Before whom, the party, be taken and subscribed either before the said collector, or
before the collector of some other district, or a judge of the supreme, or
a district court of the United States, or of a superior court of original
on failure, cer- jurisdiction of some one of the states. And if such oath or affirmation
tificateof regs- shall not be taken, subscribed and transmitted, as is herein required,.the
try certificate ofregistry, granted to such ship or vessel, shall be forfeit and void.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That before any ship or vessel
Ships, shall be registered, she shall be measured by a surveyor, if there be one,
&c.how
and by whom or by the person he shall appoint, at the port or place where the said
measured, ship or vessel may be, and if there be none, by such person as the col-
lector of the district, within which she may be, shall appoint, according
to the rule prescribed by the forty-third section of the act, intituled ,An
act to provide more effectually, for the collection of the duties imposed
by law on goods, wares and merchandise, imported into the United
States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels." And the officer, or-per-
0 ch son, by whom such admeasurement shall be made, shall, for the informa-
tion of, and as a voucher to the officer by whom the registry is to be
certificate made, grant a certificate, specifying the built of such ship or vessel, her
thereof given, number of decks and masts, her length, breadth, depth, the number of
tons she measures, and such other particulars as are usually descriptive
of the identity of a ship or vessel; and that her name, and the place to
which she belongs, are painted on her stern, in manner required by the
third section of this act: which certificate shall be countersigned by an
owner, or by the master of such ship or vessel, or by some other person
who shall attend her admeasurement, on behalf of her owner or owners,
in testimony of the truth of the particulars therein contained; without
In what cases, which, the said certificate shall not be valid. But in all cases, where a
ships, &c. not t0 ship or vessel has before been registered, as a ship or vessel of the United
be measured States, it shall not be necessarv to measure her anew, for the purpose of
anew.
obtaining another register ; except such ship or vessel shall have under-
gone some alteration, as to her burthen, subsequent to the time of her
former registry.
Bonds, how SEC. 7. And be itJ rtT cr enacted, That, previous to the registry of
anI by whom any ship or vessel, the husband or acting and managing owner, together
given, for faith, with the master thereof, and one or more sureties, to the satisfaction of
faluse ofeerti-
ficate of regis. the collector of the district, whose duty it is to make sucl registry, shall
try, &c. bec6me bound to the United States, if such ship or vessel shall be of
burthen not exceeding fifty tons, in the sum of four hundred dollars; if
of burthen above fifty tons, and not exceeding one hundred, in the sum
of eight hundred dollars; if of burthen above one hundred tons, and not
exceeeding two hundred, in the sum of twelve hundred dollars; if of bur-
then above two hundred tons, and not exceeding three hundred, in the
sum of sixteen hundred dollars; and if of burthen exceeding three hun-
dred tons, in the sum of two thousand dollars; with condition, in each
case, that the certificate of such registry, shall be solely used for the
ship, or vessel, for which it is granted, and shall not be sold, lent, or
otherwise disposed of, to any person or persons whomsoever; and that,
in case such ship or vessel shall be lost, or taken by an enemy, burnt, or

SECOND CONGRESS. Ssss. II. CH. 1. 1792. 291
broken up, or shall be otherwise prevented from returning to the port to
which she may belong, the said certificate, if preserved, shall be deliver-
ed up, within eight days after the arrival of the master, or person, hav-
ing the charge or command of such ship or vessel, within any district In what case
of the United States, to the collector of such district: And that if any certificate of
of such for-
foreigner, or any person or persons, for the use and benefitwhole, registry given
or any
eigner, shall purchase, or otherwise become entitled to the
part or share of, or interest in, such ship or vessel, the same being within
a district of the United States, the said certificate shall, in such case,
within seven days after such purchase, change, or transfer of pro-
perty, be delivered up to the collector of the said district; and that if
any such purchase, change, or transfer of property, shall happen, when
such ship or vessel shall be at any foreign port or place, or at sea, then
the said master, or person having the charge or command thereof, shall,
within eight days after his arrival within any district of the United States,
deliver up the said certificate to the collector of such district; and every
such certificate, so delivered up, shall be forthwith transmitted to the
register of the treasury, to be cancelled, who, if the same shall have
been delivered up to a collector, other than of the district in which it
was granted, shall cause notice of such delivery to be given to the col-
lector of the said district.
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That in order to the registry of Vessels built
any ship or vessel, which, after the last day of March next, shall be built in after
U. S.1793,
March
within the United States, it shall be necessary to produce a certificate, how to obtain
under the hand of the principal or master carpenter, by whom, or under register.
whose direction, the said ship or vessel shall have been built, testif ing, March 2,1803,
ek. 18.
that she was built by him, or under his direction, and specifying the March 26, 1810,
place where, the time when, and the person or persons for whom, and cb. 19.
describing her built, number of decks and masts, length, breadth, depth, March3, 1813,
tonnage, and such other circumstances, as are usually descriptive of the
identity of a ship or vessel; which certificate shall be sufficient to au-
thorize the removal of a new vessel, from the district where she may be
built, to another district in the same, or an adjoining state, where the
owner or owners actually reside, provided it be with ballast only.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the several matters herein Collector to
before required, having been complied with, in order to the registerin keep record of
reitrn registry,
of any ship or vessel, the collector of the district comprehending the
port to which she shall belong, shall make, and keep, in some proper
book, a record or registry thereof, and shall grant an abstract or certifi-
cate of such record or registry, as nearly as may be, in the form fol-
lowing:
"In pursuance of an act of the Congress of the United States of and grant certi.
America, intituled "An act concerning the registering and recording ficate thereof.
of ships or vessels," [inserting here the name, occupation, and place of
abode, of the person by whom the oath or affirmation aforesaid, shall
have been made] having taken or subscribed the oath (or affirmation)
required by the said act, and having sworn (or affirmed) that he (or she,
and if more than one owner, adding the words, " together with," and
the name or names, occupation or occupations, place or places of abode,
of the other owner or owners) is (or are) the only owner (or owners)
of the ship or vessel, called the [inserting here her name] of [inserting
here the port to which she may belong] whereof [inserting here the
name of the master] is at present master, and is a citizen of the United
States, and that the said ship or vessel was [inserting here, when aril
where built] and [inserting here, the name and office, if any, of the per-
son by whom she shall have been surveyed or admeasured] having cer- Formofcertifi-
tified that the said ship or vessel has [inserting here the number of decks] cate of registry.
and [inserting here, the number of masts] and that her length is [in-
serting here, the number of feet] her breadth [inserting here, the num-

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. II. Ci. 1. 1792.
ber of feet] her depth [inserting here, the number of feetj and that she
measures [inserting here, her number of tons] that she is [describing
here, the particular kind of vessel, whether ship, brigantine, snow,
schooner, sloop, or whatever else, together with her built, and specifying
whether she has any, or no gallery or head] and the said [naming the
owner, or the master, or other person, acting in behalf of the owner or
owners, by whom the certificate of admeasurement shall have been coun-
tersigned, as aforesaid] having agreed to the description and admea-
surement, above specified, and sufficient security having b.een given,
according to the said act, the said ship or vessel has been duly register-
ed at the port of [naming the port where registered.] Given under my
hand and seal, at [naming the said port] this [inserting the particular
day] day of [naming the month] in the year [specifying the number of
the year, in words at length;"] Provided, That if the master, or person
having the charge or command of such ship or vessel, shall, himself,
have made oath or affirmation touching his being a citizen, the wording
of the said certificate shall be varied so as to be conformable to the truth
How certifi- of the case: And Provided, That where a new certificate of registry is
cate of registry granted, in consequence of any transfer of a ship or vessel, the words
may be Varied. shall be so varied, as to refer to the former certificate of registry, for her
admeasurement.
Secretary of SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
the Treasury, to Secretary of the treasury, to cause to be prepared, and transmitted, from
furnish forms of
certificates of time to time, to the collectors of the several districts, a sufficient num-
registry. ber of forms of the said certificates of registry, attested under the seal
of the treasury, and the hand of the register thereof, with proper blanks,
to be filled by the said collectors, respectively, by whom also, the said
certificates shall be signed and sealed, before they shall be issued; and
where there is a naval officer at any port, they shall be countersigned by
him; and where there is a surveyor, but no naival officer, they shall be
countersigned by him; and a copy of each, shall be transmitted to the
said register, who shall cause a record to be kept of the same.
Citizens pur- SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That where any citizen or citi-
chasing vessels zens of the United States, shall purchase, or become owner or owners
outof their proof any ship or vessel, entitled to be registered, by virtue of this act, such
per district how
to obtain regis. ship or vessel, being within any district, other than the one, in which
ter. he or they usually reside, such ship or vessel shall be entitled to be
registered by the collector of the district, where such ship or vessel may
be, at the time of his or their becoming owner or owners thereof, upon
his or their complying with the provisions herein before prescribed, in
March 3,1813, order to the registry of ships or vessels: And the oath or affirmation
ell. 50. which is required to be taken, may, at the option of such owner or
owners, be taken, either before the collector of the district, comprehend-
ing the port to which such ship or vessel may belong, or before the col-
lector of the ulstrict, within which, such ship or vessel may be, either of
To be deliver- whom, is herev empowered to administer the same: Provided never-
ed on arriving at theless, That Rijenever such ship or vessel shall arrive within the dis-
their proper
trict comprehending the port to which such ship or vessel shall belong,
port to the col-
lector, who to the certificate of registry, which shall have been obtained, as aforesaid,
granta newone. shall be delivered up to the collector of such district, who, upon the
requisites of this act, in order to the registry of ships or vessels, being
complied with, shall grant a new one, in lieu of the first; and the certi-
ficate, so delivered up, shall forthwith be returned by the collector who
shall receive the same, to the collector who shall have granted it : and if
the said first mentioned certificate of registry, shall not be delivered up,
as above directed, the owner or owners, and the master of such ship or
vessel, at the time of her said arrival within the district comprehending
the port to which such ship or vessel may belong, shall, severally, forfeit
the sum of one hundred dollars, to be recovered, with costs of suit; and

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. CH. '1. 1792.
the said certificate of registry shall be thenceforth void. And in case,

any of the matters of fact, in the said oath or affirmation alleged,
which shall be within the knowledge of the party, so swearing or
affirming, shall not be true, there shall be a forfeiture of the ship or
vessel, together ivith her tackle, furniture and apparel, in respect to
which, the same shall have been made, or of the value thereof, to be
recovered, with costs of suit, of the person by whom such oath or
affirmation shall have been made: Providedalways, That if the master,
or person having the charge or command of such ship or vessel, shall
be within the district aforesaid, when application shall be made for
-registering the same, he shall, himself, make oath or affirmation, instead
of the said owner, touching his being a citizen, and the means whereby,
or manner in which, he is so a citizen; in which case, if what the said
master, or person having the said charge or command, shall so swear or
affirm, shall not be true, the forfeiture aforesaid shall not be incurred,
but he shall, himself, forfeit and pay, by reason thereof, the sum of one
thousand dollars.
'SEC. 12. And be it-further enacted, That when any ship or vessel, Vessels pur-
*entitled to be registered, pursuant to this act, shall be purchased by an caed by re-
agnshow
agent or attorney for, or on account of a citizen or citizens of the g9stered.
United States, such ship or vessel, being in a district of the United
States, more than fifty miles distant, taking the nearest usual route by
land, from the one comprehending the port to which, by virtue of such
purchase, and by force of this act, such ship or vessel ought to be deem-
ed to belong, it shall be lawful for the collector of the district, where
such ship or vessel may be, and he is hereby required, upon the appli-
cation of such agent or attorney, to proceed to the registering of the said
ship or vessel, the said agent or attorney, first complying, on behalf, and
in the stead of, the owner or owners thereof, with the requisites pre-
scribed by this act, in order to the registry of ships or vessels, except,
that in the oath or affirmation, which shall be taken by the said agent or
attorney, instead of swearing or affirming that he is owner, or an owner
of such ship or vessel, he shall swear or affirm, that he is agent or
attorney for the owner or owners thereof, and that he hath bona fide
purchased .the said ship or vessel, for the person or persons, whom he
shall name and describe as the owner or owners thereof: Provided
nevertheless, That whenever such ship or vessel shall arrive within the
district comprehending the port to which such ship or vessel shall belong,
the certificate of registry, which shall have been obtained, as aforesaid,
shall be delivered up to the collector of such district, who, upon the
requisites of this act, in order to the registry of ships or vessels, being
complied with, shall grant a new one, in lieu of the first; and the certi-
ficate, so delivered up, shall forthwith be rtturned by the, collector, who
shall transmit the same to the ,collector who shall, have,, granted it. And
if the said first mentioned certificate of registry, shal) n'ot be delivered
up, as above directed, the owner or owners, and the master of such ship
or vessel, at the time of her said arrival within the district comprehend-
ing the port to which she may belong, shall, severally, forfeit the sum of
one hundred dollars, to be recovered, with costs of suit, and the said
certificate of registry shall be thenceforth void. And in case any of
the matters of fact, in the. said oath or affirmation alleged, which shall
be within the knowledge of the party so swearing or affirming, shall not
be true, there shall be a forfeiture of the ship or vessel, together with
her tackle, furniture and apparel, in respect to which, the same shall
have been made, or of the value thereof, to be recovered, with costs of
suit, of the person by whom such oath or affirmation shall have been
made: Provided always, That if the master, or person having the
charge or command of such ship or vessel, shall be within the district
aforesaid, when application shall be made for registering the same, he
2B2

294 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 1. 1792.
shall, himself, make oath or affirmation, instead of the said agent or
attorney, touching his being a citizen, and the means whereby, or man-
ner in which, he is so a citizen; in which case, if what the said master,
or person having the said charge or command, shall so swear or affirm,
shall not be true, the forfeiture aforesaid shall not be incurred, but he
shall, himself, forfeit and pay, by reason thereof, the sum of one thousand
dollars.
Oath to be tak- SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That if the certificate of the registry
en on losing eer.
tificate of regis-
of any ship or vessel shall be lost or destroyed, or mislaid, the master, or
n
try. other person having the charge or command thereof, may make oath or
affirmation, before the collector of the district where such ship or vessel
shall first be, after such loss, destruction, or mislaying, who is hereby
authorized to administer the same, which oath or affirmation shall be of
the form following: "I (inserting here the name of the person swearing
or affirming) being master (or having the charge or command) of the
ship or vessel, called the (inserting the name of the vessel) do swear (or
affirm) that the said ship, or vessel hath been, as I verily believe, regis-
tered, according to law, by the name of (inserting again the name of
the vessel) and that a certificate thereof was granted by the collector of
the district of (naming the district, where registered) which certificate
has been lost (or destroyed, or unintentionally and by mere accident
mislaid, as the case may be,) and (except,_where the certificate is
alleged to have been destroyed) that the same, if found again, and
within my power, shall be delivered up to the collector of the district, in
which it was granted;" which oath, or affirmation shall be subscribed
by the party making the same, and upon such oath or affirmation being
made, and the other requisites of this act, in order to the registry of
ships, or vessels, being complied with, it shall be lawful for the collector
of the district, before whom such oath or affirmation is made, to grant a
new register, inserting therein, that the same is issued, in the room of
the one lost or destroyed. But in all cases, where a register shall be
granted, in lieu of the one lost or destroyed, by any other than the col.
lector of the district, to which the ship, or vessel actually belongs, such
register shall, within ten days after her first arrival within the district to
which she belongs, be delivered up to the collector of the said district,
who shall, thereupon, grant a new register, in lieu thereof. And in case
the master, or commander shall neglect to deliver up such register
within the time aforesaid, he shall forfeit one hundred dollars; and the
former register shall become null and void.
Vessels sold SEc. 14. And be it further enacted, That when any ship or vessel,
&c. to be regis- which shall have been registered, pursuant to.this act, or the act hereby,
tered anew. in part, repealed, shall, in whole, or in part, be sold, or transferred to a
citizen or citizens of the United States, or shall be altered in form or
burthen, by being lengthened, or built upon, or from one denomination
to another, by the mode or method of rigging or fitting, in every such
case, the said ship or vessel shall be registered anew, by her former
name, according to the directions herein before contained, (otherwise
she shall cease to~be deemed a ship or vessel of the United States' and
her former certificate of registry shall be delivered up to the collector to
whom application for such new registry shall be made, at the time, that
the same shall be made to be by him transmitted to the register of the
treasury who shall cause the same to be cancelled. And in every such
case of sale or transfer, there shall he some instrument of writing, in the
nature of a bill of sale, which shall recite, at length, the said certificate,
otherwise the said ship or vessel shall be incapable of being so registered
anew. And in every case, in which a ship or vessel is hereby required
March 2, 1797, to be registered anew, if she shall not be so registered anew, she shall
ci. 7. not be entitled to any of the privileges or benefits of a ship or vessel of
the United States. And further, if her said former certificate of regis-

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. II. CH. 1. 1792.
try shall not be delivered up, as aforesaid, except where the same may
have been destroyed, lost, or unintentionally mislaid, and an oath or
affirmation thereof shall have been made, as aforesaid, the owner or
owners of such ship or vessel shall forfeit and pay the sum of five
hundred dollars, to be re~overed, with costs of suit.
SEC. 15. And be it furtherenacted, That when the master, or person Owner or
master to re-
having the charge or command of a ship or vessel, registered pursuant port such
to this act, or the act hereby in part repealed, shall be changed, the char je to col.
owner, or one of the owners, or the new master of.such ship or vessel, lector.
shall report such change to the collector of the district where-the same
shall happen, or where the said ship or vessel shall first be, after the saine
shall have happened, and shall produce to him the certificate of registry
of such ship or vessel, and shall make oath or affirmation, showing that
such new master is a citizen of the United States, and the manner in
which, or means whereby, he is so a citizen ; whereupon the said col-
lector shall endorse upon the said certificate of registry, a memorandum
of-such change, specifying the name of such new master, and shall sub-
scribe the said memorandum with his name, and if other than the col-
lector of the district, by whom the said certificate of registry shall have
been granted, shall transmit a copy of the said memorandum to him,
with notice of the particular ship or vessel, to which it shall relate; and
the collector of the district, by whom the said certificate shall have been
granted, shall make a like memorandum of such.change, in his book of
registers. and shall transmit a copy thereof, to the register of the trea-
sury. And if the said change shall not be reported, or if the said oath
or affirmation shall not be taken, as above directed, the registry of such
ship or vessel shall be void, and the said master, or person, having the
charge or command of her shall forfeit and pay the sum of one hundred
dollars.
Vessels sold to
SEaC. 16. And be it further enacted, That if any ship or vessel, hereto- foreigners for.
fore registered, or which shall hereafter be registered, as a ship or vessel feited on ne-
of the United States, shall be sold or transferred, in whole or in part by glect to make
way of trust, confidence or otherwise, to a subject or citizen of any such report.
foreign prince or state, and such sale or transfer shall not be made
known, in manner herein before directed, such ship or vessel, together
with her tackle, apparel, and furniture shall be forfeited: Provided,
That if such ship or vessel shall be owned in part only, and it shall be
made appear to the jury, before whom the trial for such forfeiture shall
be had, that any other owner of such ship. or vessel, being a citizen of
the United States, was wholly ignorant of the sale or transfer to, or
ownership of, such foreign subject or citizen, the share or interest of
such citizen of the United States shall not be subject to such forfeiture;
and the residue only shall be so forfeited.
on entry
SEc. 17. And be it further enacted, That upon the entry of every ship ofOath vessel of U.
or vessel of the United States, from any foreign port or place, if the same S. from foreign
shall be at the port or place, at which the owner, or any of the part owners ports.
reside, such owner or part owner shall make oath or affirmation, that
the register of such ship or vessel containg the name or names of all the
persons, who are then owners of the said ship or vessel ; or if any part of
such ship or vessel has been sold or transferred, since the granting of such
register, 'that such is the case, and that no foreign subject or citizen hath,
to the best of his knowledge and belief, any share, by the way of trust,
confidence, or' otherwise, in such ship or vessel. And if the owner, or
any part owner, shall not reside at the port or place, at which such ship
or vessel shall enter, then the master or commander shall make oath or
affirmation, to the like effect. And if the owner, or part owner, where
there is one, or the master or commander, where tt.ere is no owner,
shall refuse to swear or affirm as afc.,esaid, such ship or vessel shall not
be entitled to the privileges of a ship or vessel of the United States.

296 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. Cn. 1.- 192.
Collector, SEc. 18. And be it further enacted, That, in all cases, where the
how to proceed master,' commander, or owner of a ship or vessel, shall deliver up the
on delivering up
the register. register of such ship or vessel, agreeable to the provisions of this act, if
to the collector of the district, where the same shall have been, granted,
the said collector shall, thereupon, cancel the bond, which shall have been
given at the time of granting such register; or, if to the collector of any
other district, such collector shall grant to the said master, command-
er, or owner, a receipt or acknowledgment, that such register has been
delivered to him, and the time, when; and upon such receipt being
produced to the collector, by whom the register was granted, he shall
cancel the bond of the party, as if the register had been returned to
him.
Certificates of SEC. 19. And be it further enacted, That the collector of each dis-
registry to be trict shall progressively number the certificates of the registry by him
numbered, granted, beginning anew, at the commencement of each year, and shall
enter an exact copy of each certificate, in a book to be kept for that
purpose; and shall, once in three months, transmit to the register of
the treasury, copies of all the certificates, which shall have been granted
by him, including the number of each.
Ships built in SEc. 20. And be it further enacted, That every ship or vessel, built
U. S. after 15th in the United States, after the fifteenth day of August, one thousand
Aug. 1789, how seven hundred and eighty-nine, and belonging wholly, or in part, to the
to obtain regis.
try. subjects of foreign powers, in order to be entitled to the benefits of a
ship, built and recorded in the United States, shall be recorded in the
office of the collector of the district, in which such ship or vessel was
built, in manner following, that is to say : The builder of every such
ship or vessel shall make oath or affirmation, before the collector of such
district, who is hereby authorized to administer the same, in manner
following: "I (inserting here the name of such builder) of (inserting
here the place of his residence) shipwright, do swear (or affirm) that
(describing here the kind of vessel, as, whether ship, brig, snow,
schooner, sloop, or whatever else) named (inserting here the name of
the ship or vessel) having (inserting here the number of decks) and
being, in length (inserting here the number of feet) in breadth (insert-
ing here the number of feet) in depth (inserting here the number of
feet) and measuring (inserting here the number of tons) having (specify-
ing, whether any or no) gallery, and (also specifying, whether any or no)
head, was built by me, or under my direction, at (naming the place,
county, and state) in the United States, in the year (inserting here the
number of the year;") which oath, or affirmation, shall be subscribed
by the person making the same, and shall be recorded in a book, to be
kept, by the said collector, for that purpose.
Collector to SEC. 21. And be it further enacted, That the said collector shall
have them sur. cause the said ship or vessel to be surveyed or admeasured, according
veyed, to the rule, prescribed by the forty-third. section of the act, intituled
1790, oh. 35, "An act to provide more effectually for the collection of the duties im-
sec. 44. posed by law on goods, wares, and merchandise, imported into the
United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels ;" and the person,
by whom such admeasurement shall be made, shall grant a certificate
thereof, as in the case of 'a ship or vessel to be registered; which certi-
ficate shall be countersigned by the said builder, and by an owner, or
the master, or person having the command or charge thereof, or by
some other person, being an agent for the owner or owners thereof, in
testimony of the truth of the particulars therein'contained.
And grant SEc. 22. And be it further enacted, That a certificate of the'said
certificate of record, attested under the hand and 'seal of 'the said collector, shall be
the record, granted to the -naster of every such ship or vessel, as nearly as may
be, of the form following: "In pursuance of an act, intituled 'An
act concerning the registering and recording of ships or-vessels,' I

SECOND CQNGRESS., SEss. IL Cu., . 1792. 1 97
(inserting' here the name of the collector of the district) of (inserting
here the name of the district) in the United States, do certify, that (in-
serting here the name of the builder) of (inserting here the place of
his residence, county, and state) having sworn, or affirmed, that the
(describing 6,. ship or vessel, as in the certificate of record) named
(inserting here her name) whereof (inserting here the name of the mas-
ter) is, at present, master, was built at (inserting here the name of the
place, county, and state, where builty by him, or under his direction, in
the year (inserting here the number of the year) and (inserting here the
name of the surveyor, or other person, by whom the same admeasuye-
nuent shall have been made) havingi certified, that the said ship or vessel
has (inserting here her number of decks) is, in length (inserting here
the number of feet) in breadth (inserting here the number of feet) in
depth (inserting here the number of feet)-and measures (inserting here
the number of tons): And the said builder and naming and describing
the owner, or master, or agent for the owner or owners, as the case
may be, by whom the said certificate shall have been countersigned)
having agreed to the said description and admeasurement, the said sHip
or vessel has been recorded, in the district of (inserting here the name
of the district, where recorded) in the United States: Witness my hand
and seal, this (inserting here the day of the month) day of (inserting
here the name of the month) in the year (inserting here the number of
the year)"; which certificate shall be recorded in the office of the said
collector, and a duplicate thereof transmitted to the register 6f the
treasury of the United States, to be recorded in his office.
SEC. 23. And be it further enacted, That if the master, or the name, Changes of
of any ship or vessel so recorded, shall be changed, the owner, part master or name
owner, or consignee of such ship or vessel, shall cause a memorandum of the ship, to
be endorsed on
thereof to be endorsed on the certificate of the record, by the collector certificate of re-
of the district, where such ship or vessel may be, or at which she shall cord.
first arrive, if such change took place in a foreign country ; and a copy
thereof shall be entered in the book of records, a transcript whereof
shall be transmitted, by the said collector, to the collector of the district,
where such certificate was granted (if not the same person), who shall
enter the same in his book of records, and forward a duplicate of such
entry, to the register of the treasury of the United States; and insuch
case, until the said owner, part owner, or consignee, shall.cause the said
memorandum to be made, by the collector, in manner aforesaid, such
ship pr vessel shall not be deemed, or considered, as a vessel recorded,
in pursuance of this act.
SEc. 24. And be it farthcr enacted, That the master, or other person Certificate to
having the command or charge of any ship or vessel, recorded in pur- be produced on
suance of this act, shall, on entry of such ship or vessel, produce the entry,
certificate of such record, to the collector of the district, where she
shall be so entered; in failure of which, the said ship or vessel shall in failure to for-
not be entitled to the privileges of a vessel, recorded as aforesaid: feit pivitegesof
Provided a/ways, and be it fmirther enacted, That nothing herein con-
tained shall be construed to make it necessary to record, a second time,
any ship or vessel, which shall have been recorded, pursuant to the act,
hereby in part repealed : but such recording shall be of the like force
and effect, as if made, pursuant to this act.
SEC. 25. And be it further enacted, That the fees and allowances, Fees,
for the several services to be performed, pursuant to this act, and the
distribution of the same, shall be as follows, to wit: For the admeasure-
ment of every ship or vessel, of one hundred tons, and under, one cent
per ton; for the admeasurement of every ship or vessel, above one howdistributed,
hundred, and not exceeding two hundred tons, one hundred and fifty
cents; for the admeasurement of every ship or vessel, above two hun-
dred tons, two hundred cents; for every certificate of registry or record,
-oL.. L-38.

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. 11. Cn. 1. 1792
How distribu, two hundred cents; for every endorsement upon a certificate of registry
ted. or record, one hundred cents; and for taking eery bond required by
this act, twenty-five cents. The whole amount of which fees shall be
received, and accounted for, by the collector, or, at his option, by the
naval officer, where there is one ; and where there is a collector, naval
officer, and surveyor, shall be equally divided, monthly, between the said
officers; and where there is no naval officer, two thirds to the collector,
and the other third to the surveyor; and where there is only a collector,
he shall receive the whole amount thereof; and where there is more
than one surveyor in any district, each of them shall receive his propor-
tionable part of such fees, as shall arise in the port, for which he is ap-
pointed: Provided always, that in all cases where the tonnage of anJ
ship or vessel shall be ascertained, by any person appointed for that pur-
pose, such person shall be paid a reasonable compensation therefor, out
of the fees aforesaid, before any distribution thereof, as aforesaid. And
every collector, and naval officer, and every surveyor, who shall reside
at a port where there is no collector, shall cause to be affixed, and con-
stantly kept, in some conspicuous part of his office, a fair table of the
rates of fees, demandable by this act.
Penalty on SEC. 26. And be it further enacted, That every collector, or otlbcer,
making false who shall knowingly make, or be concerned in making, any false regis-
registers, or de. ter or record, or shall knowingly grant, or be concerned in granting,
manding unlaw-
ful rees. any false certificate of registry or record of, or for any ship or vessel,
other false document whatsoever, touching the same, contrary to the true
intent and meaning of this act, or who shall designedly take any other,
or greater fees, than are by this 'act allowed, or who shall receive any
voluntary reward or gratuity, for any of the services performed, pursuant
thereto ; and every surveyor, or other person appointed to measure any
ship or vessel, who shall wilfully deliver to any collector, or naval officer,
a false description of such ship or vessel, to be registered or recorded,
shall, upon conviction of any such neglect, or offence, forfeit the sum
of one thousand dollars, and be rendered incapable of serving in any
office of trust or profit, under the United States ; and if any person or
persons, authorized and required by this act, in respect to his or their
office or offices, to perform any act or thing, required to be done or
performed, purstjant to any of the provisions of this act, shall wilfully
neglect to do or perform the same, according to the true intent and
meaning of this act, such person or persons shall, on being duly con-
victed thereof, if not subject to the penalty and disqualification afore-
said, forfeit the sum of five hundred dollars for the first offence, and a
like sum for the second offence, and shall, thenceforth, be rendered
incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the United
States.
On fraudu- SEC. 27. And be it further enacted, That if any certificate of registry,
lentlyusingcer- or record, shall be fraudulently or knowingly used for any ship or vessel,
tifieate of regis- not then actually entitled to the benefit thereof, according to the true
try. intent of this act, such ship or vessel shall be forfeited to the United
States, with her tackle, apparel, and furniture.
On making Sne. 28. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons
false oath. shall falsely make oath or affirmation, to any of the matters, herein re-
quired to be verified, such person or persons shall suffer the like pains
and penalties, as shall be incurred by persons committing wilful and
corrupt perjury; and that if any person or persons shall forge, counter-
1790, ch. 9, feit, erase, alter, or falsify any certificate, register, record, or other
see. 13. document, mentioned, described or authorized, in and by this act, such
person, or persons, shall, for every such offence, forfeit the sum of five
hundred dollars.
SEC. 029. And be it further enacted, That all the penalties and forfei-
tures, which nay be incqrred, for offences against this act, shall and

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. I . HC.2, 3, 4. 1793. 29
may be sued for, prosecuted and recovered, in such c6urts, and be dis- Penalties how
recoveredof.and
posed of in such manner, as any penalties and forfeitures which may disposed
be incurred for offe'nces against the act, intituled "An act to provide 1790,eh. 35.
more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed by law on
goods, wares and merchandise, imported into the United States, and on
the tonnage of ships or vessels," may legally be sued for, prosecuted,
recovered and disposed of: Provided always, That if any officer entitled
to a part or share of any such penalty or forfeiture, shall be necessary
as a witness, on the trial for such penalty or forfeiture, such officer may
be a witness upon the said trial; but in such case, he shall not receive,
nor be entitled to any part or share of the said penalty or forfeiture;
and the part or share, to which he would otherwise have been entitled,
shall accrue to the United States.
SEC. 30. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last When this act
day of March next, this act shall be in full force and effect ; and so "bal take effect,
much of the act, intituled "An act for registering and clearing vessels,
regulating the coasting trade, and for other purposes," as comes within
the purview of this act, shall, after the said last -day of March, be tie-
pealed.
APPROVED, December 31, 1792.
STATUTE II.
CHAP. 11.-9n Acl to amend an act intituled "AIn act establishinga Mint, and Jan. 14, 1793.
regulating the coins of the United States," so far as respects the coinage of
copper.
Act of April
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 2, 1792, ch. 16.
United States of America in Congress assembled, That ei.ery cent shall Contents of
contain two hundred and eight grains of copper, and every half cent cents and half
shall contain one hundred and four grains of copper; and that so much cents.
of the act, intituled "An act establishing a mint, and regulating the
coins of the United States," as respects the weight of cents and. half
cents, shall be, and the same is hereby repealed.
STATUTE II.
CHAP. IlI.--!n .ct to provide for the allowance of in.erest on the sum ordered Jan. 14, 1793.
to be paid by the resolve bf Congress, of the twenty-eighth of September, one
thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, as an indemnity to the Persons therein
named
SECTIOn 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
lawful interest, from the sixteenth day of May, in the year one thousand
seven hundred and seventy-six, shall be allowed on the sum of two hun-
dred dollars, ordered to be paid to Raturn Jonathan Meigs, and the legal
representative of Christopher Greene, deceased, by -a Resolve of the
United States in Congress assembled, of the twenty-eighth day of Sep-
tember, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five.
STATUTE IH.
CHAP. IV.j-n Act to continue in force for a limited time, and to amend the act Feb.9, 1793.
intituled "An act providing the means of intercourse between the United States 1798, ch. 17, 4.
andforeign nations."
.Act proiiding
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- intercourse with
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the foreign nations
act, intituled "An act providing the means of intercourse between the continued.
United States and foreign nations," which would expire at the end of July 1, 1790,
c,. 22.
the present session of Congress, be, and the same hereby is, together 1796, ch. 41.

SECOND CONGRESS. Szss. 11. Cn. 5. 179&-
with this act, continued in force for the space of one year, from the
passing of this act, and from thence until the end of the session of Con-
gress then, or next thereafter holden, and no longer.
Accounts SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That in all cases, where any sum
thereof how and or sums of money have issued, or shall hereafter issue, from the trea-
when furnished
and settled. sury, for the purposes of intercourse or treaty, with foreign nations, in
pursuance of any law, the President shall be, and he hereby is authorized
to cause the same to be duly settled annually with the accounting offi-
cers of the treasury, in manner following, that is to say; by causing
the same to be accounted for, specifically, in all instances, wherein the ex.
penditure thereof may, in his judgment, be made public; and by making
a certificate or certificates, or causing the Secretary of State to make a
certificate or certificates of the amount of such expenditures, as he may
think it advisable not to specify; and every such certificate shall be
deemed a sufficient voucher for the sum or sums therein expressed to
have been expended.
STATrTE II
Feb. 9, 1793. CHAP V.-S/sn Set regulatingforeign Coins, and for other purposes.(a)
Rates of fo- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represrenta-
reign coins es-
tablished. tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from
and after the first day of July next, foreign gold and silver coins shall
pass current as money within the United States, and be a legal tender
for the payment of all debts and demands, at the several and respective
rates following, and not otherwise, viz: The gold coins of Great Britain
and Portugal, of their present standard, at the rate of one hundred cents
for every twenty-seven grains of the actual weight thereof; the gold coins
of France, Spain and the dominions of Spain, of their present standard,
at the rate of one hundred cents for every twenty-seven grains and two
fifths of a grain, of the actual weight thereof. Spanish milled dollars,
at the rate of one hundred cents for each dollar, the actual weight
whereof shall not be less than seventeen pennyweights and seven grains;
and in proportion for the parts of a dollar. Crowns of France, at the
rate of one hundred and ten cents for each crown, the actual weight
whereof, shall not be less than eighteen pennyweights and seventeen
grains, and in proportion for the parts of a crown. But no foreign coin
that may have been, or shall be issued subsequent to the first day of
January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, shall be a tender,
as aforesaid, until 'samples thereof shall have been found, by assay, at
(a) Acts relating to foreign coins : An act to provide more effectually for the collection of' the duties
imposed by law on goods, wares, and merchandise, imported into the United States, and on the tonnage
of vessels, August 4, 1790, chap. 33, see. 40 ; an act relative to the rix dollar of Denmark, March 3,
1791, chap. 19; an tct regulating foreign coins, and for other purposes, February 9, 1793, chap. 5; an
act supplementary to an act regulating foreign coins, and for other purposes, February 1, 1798, chap. 11;
an act to regulate the collection of duties on imports and tonnage, March 2, 1799, chap. 22, see. 61 ; an
act to suspend in part the act entitled, "An act regulating foreign coins, and forother purposes," April
30, 1802, chap. 3S ; an act regulating the currency of foreign coins in the United States, April 10, 1806,
chap. 22 ; an act regulating the currency within the United States, of the gold coins of Great Britain,
France, Portugal, and Spain, and crowns of France, and five franc pieces, April 29, 1816, chap. 139;
an act to continue in force an act regulating the currency within the United States, of the gold coins of
Great Britain, France, Portugal, and Spain, and crowns of France, and five franc pieces, March 3, 1819,
chap. 97 ; an act to continue in force an act entitled, "An act regulating the currency within the United
States, of the gold coins of Great Britain, France, Portugal, and Spain, and crowns of France, and five
frane pieoces," March 3, 1821, chap. 53; an act to continue in force an act entitled, "An act regulating
the currency within the United States, of the-gold coins of Great Britain,' France, Portugal, and Spain,
and crowns of France, and five franc pieces," March 3, 1923, chap. 50; an act regulating the value of
certain foreign silver coins within the United States, June 25, 1834, chap. 71 ; an act regulating the value
of certain foreign gold coins within the United States, June 28, 1834, chap. 96; an act supplementary to
an act entitled, "An act establishing a mint, and regulating the coins of the United States," January 18,
1837, chap. 3, see. 8 ; an act regulating the currency of foreign gold and silver.coins in the United States,
March 3, 1843, chap. 69; an act to fixthe value ofcertain foreign moneys ofaccount in computationsa t
the custom-house, March 3, 1843,.chap. 92.

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. !CH. 6. 1793. 301
the mint of the United States, to be conformable to the respective stand-

ards required, and proclamation thereof shall have been made by the
President of the United States.
Sec. 2. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That at the ex- When all coins
piration of three years next ensuing the time when the coinage of gold except Spanish
dollars shall
and silver, agreeably to the act, entitled "An act establishing a mint, cease to be a
and regulating the coins of the United States," shall commence at the tender.
mint of the United States, (which time shall be announced by the pro- 1792, ch. 16.
clamation of the President of the United States,) all foreign gold coins, 11.
ch.38.
1798, ch.
1802,
and all foreign silver coins, except Spanish milled dollars. and parts of 1806, ch.,2.
such dollars, shall cease to be a legal tender, as aforesaid.
SEC. 3. And be it -furtherenacted, That all foreign gold and silver Other foreign
coins, (except Spanish milled dollars, and parts of such dollars,) which coins tobe coin.
shall be received in payment for monies due to the United States, after ed new.
the said time, when the coining of gold and silver coins shall begin at
the mint of the United States, shall, previously to their being issued in
circulation, be coined anew, in conformity to the act, entitled "An act 1792, ch. 16.
establishing a mint and regulating the coins of the United States."
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day After Ist of'
of July next, the fifty-fifth section of the act, entitled "An act to provide July, 1793, 55th
more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed by law on goods, section of act of
1790, ch. 35, re-
wares and merchandise imported into the United States," which aser- pealed.
tains the rates at which foreign gold and silver coins shall be received 17
for the duties and fees to be collected in virtue of the said act, be, and sec. 61.
the same is hereby repealed.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That the assay, provided to be Assay ofcoins
made by the act, entitled "An act establishing a mint, and regulating when to cor-
the coins of the United States," shall commence in the manner as by 9 ch. 16,
the said act is prescribed, on the second Monday of February, annually, see. is.
any thing in the said act to the contrary notwithstanding.
STATUTE. IL
CHP.VI.-An.ct relative to claims against the United States, not barred by any Feb. 12,1793.
act of limitation,and which hav not been already adjusted.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted bythe Senate and House of Representa- [Obsolbte.]
tires of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all Limitation of
claims upon the United States, for services or supplies, or for other cause, certain claims
matter or thing, furnished or done,, previous to the fourth dlay of March, Igaiast U. . to
one thousand .seven hundred and eighty-nine, whether founded upon
certificates, or other written documents from public officers, or other-
wise, which have not already been barred by any act of limitation, and
which shall not be presented at the treasury, before the first day of May,
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, shall forever after be barred
and precluded from settlement or allowance: Provided, That nothing
herein contained shall be construed to affect loan-office certificates, cer-
tificates of final settlement, indents of interest, balances entered in the
books of the register of the treasury, certificates issued by the regis-
ter of the treasury, commonly called registered certificates, loans of
money obtained in foreign countries, or certificates issued pursuant to
the act, intituled "An act making provision for the debt of the United 1790, ch. 34.
States:" And provided firther, That nothing herein contained, shall
be construed to prohibit the proper officers of the treasury from demand-
ing an account or accounts to be rendered, for any monies heretofore
advanced, and not accounted for, or from admitting, under the usual
forms and restrictions, credits for expenditures, equal to the sums which
have been so advanced.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of' the Auditor how
Auditor of the Treasury, to receive all such claims aforesaid as have to keep record
2C

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. Ca. 7. 179W.
of claims pre. not been heretofore barred by any act of limitation, as shall be pre.
sented. sented before the time aforesaid, with the certificates, or other docu-
ments in support thereof, and to cause a record to be made of the names
of the persons, and of the time when the said claims are presented;
which record shall be made in the presence of the person or persons
presenting the same, and shall be the only evidence that the said claims
were presented, during the time limited by this act.
Officer, ofthe Scc. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
treasury to re. accounting officers of the treasury to make report to Congress, upon all
port to Congre'ss
claims deemed such of the said claims as shall not be allowed to be valid, according to
invalid, the usual forms of the treasury.
STATUTE II.
Feb. 12, 1793. CHAP. VII.-An Act respectingfugitives from 3ustice, and persons escaping from
the service if their masters.(a)
Fugitives from SZCTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
stice how to tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
apprehended
and secured. whenever the executive authority of any state in the Union, or of either
of the territories northwest or south of the river Ohio, sihall demand any
person as a fugitive from justice, of the executive authority of any such
Copy of in- state or territory to which such person shall have fled, and shall more-
dietment, or af- over produce the copy of an indictment found, or an affidavit made
fit it charging
the commission before a magistrate of any state or territory as aforesaid, charging the
of the crime to person so demanded, with having committed treason, felony or other
be produced. crime, certified as authentic by the governor or chief magistrate of the
Notice of the
arrest to be giv- state or territory from whence the person so charged fled, it shall be
en to the execu- the duty of the executive authority of the state or territory to which such
tive authority person shall have fled, to cause him or her to be arrested and secured,
making the de-
mand. and notice of the arrest to be given to the executive authority making
Fugitive to be such demand, or to the agent of such authority appointed to receive the
delivered to the fugitive, and to cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent when
agent of the ex--
ecutive, or if no he shall appear: But if no such agent shall appear within six months
agent appointed from the time of the arrest, the prisoner may be discharged. And all
w,thin six costs or expenses incurred in the apprehending, securing, and transmit-
months, to be
discharged. ting such fugitive to the state or territory making such demand, shall be
Expenses of paid by such state or territory.
apprehending. SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That any agent, appointed as
Agent to trns-
port the fugitive. aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive into his custody, shall be em-
powered to transport him or her to the state or territory from which he
or she shall have fled. And if any person or persons shall by force set
at liberty, or rescue the fugitive from such agent while transporting, as
Penalty on per. aforesaid, the person or persons so offending shall, on conviction, be
sons rescuing
fugitive. fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned not exceed-
ing one year.
Proceedings to SEc. 3. And be it also enacted, That when a person held to labour
be had on es-
cape of persons in any of the United States, or-in either of the territories on the north-
hold to labour. west or south of the river Ohio, under the laws thereof, shall escape into
any other of the said states or territory, the person to whom such labour
or service may be due, his agent or attorney, is hereby empowered 'to
seize or arrest such fugitive from labour,(b) and to take him or her before
(a) Fugitives from justice. Holmes v. Jennison, governor of Vermont, 14 Peters, 540.
A foreign government has no right, by the law of nations, to demand of the government of the United
States a surrender of a citizen or subject of such foreign government, who has committed a crime in his
own country, and is afterwards found within the limits of the United States. It is a right which has no
existence without, and can only be secured by a treaty stipulation. Case of Jose Ferrierados Santos, 2
Brockenb. C. C. R. 493.
(b) Fugitives from labour. In an action for the penalty by the owner of a fugitive slave, for obstruct-
ing the plaintiff in arresting and seizing his slave, under the 4th section of the act of Congress of Feb-

SECOND CONGRESS. S IT. Cx. 7. 1793. ft)
any judge of the circuit or district courts of the United States, residing Maybe arrest-
or being within the state, or before any magistrate of a county, city or ed on proof as
town corporate, wherein such seizure or arrest shall be made, and upon rquired, and
be removed
proof to the satisfaction of such judge or magistrate, either by oral testi- may
to the place
ruary 12, 1793. whether the alleged slave owes his service or labour, is a question for the jury to decide.
Hill v. Low, 4 Wash. C. C. R. 327.
If the defendant knowingly obstructs the owner or his agent in seizing the fugitive, he cannot excuse
himself against the penalty, by pleading ignorance of the law, or an honest belief that the person was
not a fugitive from service or labour. Ibid.
Mere obstruction, hindrance, or interruption, is no offence under this act, unless. it be interposed to
prev ent a seizure in the first instance, or a re-capture in case the fugitives after seizure should escape;
and the offence in such case would be complete, although the owner should ultimately succeed in making,
the arrest. Ibid.
After the arrest is consummated, no subsequent obstruction, whilst the arrest continues, although it
should afford an opportunity for escape, amounts to the offence ; although it might possibly entitle the
owner to an action at common law: or if an escape in-consequence of the obstruction should happen, it
might amount to the other offence, a rescue. Ibid.
The act of Congress, respecting fugitives owing service or labour, does not apply to slaves brought by
their masters from one state to another, who afterwards escape or refuse to return. Ex parte Simmons,
4 Wash. C. C. R. 396.
A sojourner who brings his slave with him to Pennsylvania, cannot claim him ais his slave, after he has
resided there six months. He is free by the law of that state of March 1, 1780. Ibid.
Under the act respecting fugitives from service of February 12, 1793, the judge or magistrate has no
power to issue a warrant to arrest the fugitive, or commit him after the investigation is over, and.the
certificate is granted; although in practice the judge commits de die in diem pending the emnination.
The whole power is to examine, decide, and grant, or refuse the certificate. Worthington v. Preston, 4
Wash. C. C. R. 461.
If after the certificate is granted, the owner of a slave delivers him to the gaoler, who receives him,
he is not officially liable for an escape, even although the commitment were under a warrant from the
examining magistrate. Ibid.
Neither is the gaoler liable for an escape, as ballor, if there was no contract to pay him a reward'for
safe keeping, unless gross negligence be proved. Ibid.
On a question of freedom or slavery, the same rules of evidence prevail as in other cases concerning
the right of property. Baldwin's C. C. R. 577.
A bill of sale is not necessary to pass the right to a slave. Ibid.
A citizen of another state, from which a slave absconds into the state of Pennsylvania, may pursue
and take him without warrant, and use as much force as is necessary to carry him back to his residence.
Ibid.
Such an absconuing slave may be arrested on Sunday; in the night time; in the house of another, if
no breach of the peace is committed. Ibid.
This right of the master results from his ownership, and the right to the custody and service of the
slave by the common law, and the 11th section of the abolition law of Pennsylvania, and other laws of
that state. It is the same right by which bail may arrest the principal in another state. Ibid.
The constitution of the United States does not confer, but secures the right to reclaim fugitive slaves
against state legislation. Baldwin's Rep. 579.
It is no offence against the laws of a state for a master to take his absconding slave to the state from
whence he absconded. The offence consists only in taking a free person by force, under the act of Penn-
sylvania of 1820, and the act of 1780. Ibid.
No person has a right to oppose the master in reclaiming his slave, or to demand proof of property.
A judge or magistrate cannot order his arrest or detention, without oath, warrant, or probable cause.
Ibid.
The master may use force in repelling such opposition, or the execution of such order, and the officer
whogives such order, and all concerned in its execution, are trespassers. Ibid.
It is historically well known that the clause in the constitution of the United States, relating to persons
owing service and labour in one state escaping into other states, was to secure to the citizens of the
slaveholding states the complete right and title of ownership in their slaves, as property, in every state
in the Union into which they might escape from the state where they were held in servitude. The fill
recognition of this right and title was indispensable to the security of this species of property in all the
slaveholding states ; and indeed was so vital to the preservation of their domestic interests and institu-
tions, that it cannot be doubted that it is constituted a fundamental article, without the'adoption of which
the Union could not have been formed. Its true design was to guard against the doctrines and principles
prevailing in the non-slavcholding states, by preventing them from intermeddling with or obstructing or
abolishing the rights of the owners of slaves. Prigg v. Commonn ealth pt Pennsylvania. 16 Peters, 59.
The owner of a fugitive slave has the same right to seize and to take him in a state to which he has
escaped or fled, that he had in the state from which he escaped ; and it is well known that this right to
seize or recapture is universally acknowledged in all the slaveholding states. The court have not the
slightest hesitation in holding, that under and in virtue of the constitution, the owner of the slave is
clothed with authority in every state of the Union, to seize and recapture his slave; wherever he can do
it without any breach of the peace, or illegal violence. In this sense, and to this extent, this clause in
the constitution may properly be said to execute itself, and to require no aid from legislation, state or
national. Ibid.
The constitution does not stop at a mere annunciation of the rights of the owner to seize his abscond.
ing or fugitive slave, in the state to which he may have fled. If it had-done so, it would have_ eft the
owner of the slave, in many cases, utterly without any adequate redress. Ibid. /_
The constitution declares that the fugitive slave shall be delivered up on claim of the pa y to whom

304 SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. IT. On. 7. 1703.
from whence he many or affidavit taken before and certified by a magistrate of any such
fled. state or territory, that the person so seized or arrested, doth, under the
laws of the state or territory from which he or she fled, owe service or
labour to the person claiming him or her, it shall be the duty of such
service-or labour may be due. It is exceedingly difficult, if not impracticable, to read this language, and
not to feel that it contemplated some further remedial redress than that which might be administered at
the band of the owner himself. "A claim" is to be nade. Ibid.
"A claimn" in a 'just juridical sense, is a demand of some matter ss of right, made by one person upon
another to do or to forbear to do some act or thing as a matter of duty. It cannot well be doubted, that
the constitution requires the delivery of the fugitive " on the claim" of the master: and the natural in-
ference certainly is, that the national government is clothed with the appropriate authority and functions
to enforce it. The fundamental principle applicable to all cases of this sort would seem to be, that
where the end is required, the means are given ; and where the duty is enjoined, the ability to perform
it is contemplated to exist on the part of the functionaries to whom it is intrusted. Ibid.
The clause relating to fugitive slaves is found in the national constitution, and not in that of any state.
It might well be deemed an unconstitutional exercise of the power of interpretation, to insist'that the
states are bound to provide means to carry into effect the duties of the national government ; nowhere
delegated or intrusted to them by the constitution. On the contrary, the natural, if not the necessary
conclusion is, that the national government, in the absence of all positive provisions to the contrary, is
bound, through its own proper departments, legislative, executive, or-judiciary, as the case may require,
to carry into effect all the rightvand duties imposed upon it by the Constitution. .Ibid.
A claim to a fugitive slave is a controversy in a case " arising under the constitution of the United
States," under the express delegation of judicial power given by that instrument. Congress, then, may
call that power into activity, for the very purpose of giving effect to the right; and if so, then it may
prescribe the mode and extent to which it shall be applied; and how, and under what circumstances, the
proceedings shall afford a complete protection and guarantee of the right. Ibid.
The provisions of the sections of the act of Congress of 12th February, 1793, on the subject of
fugitive slaves, as well as relative to fugitives from justice, cover both the subjects.; not because they
exhaust the remedies, which may be applied by Congress to enforce the rights, if the provisions shall be
found, in practice,-not to attain the objects of the constitation : but because they point out all the modes
of attaining those objects which Congress have as yet deemed expedient and proper. If this is so, it,
would seem, upon just principles of construction, that the legislation of Congress, if constitutional, must
supersede all statelegislation upon the same subject ; and by necessary implication prohibit it. For if
Congress have a constitutional power to regulate a particular subject, and they do actually regulate it in
a given manner, and in a certain form, it cannot be that the state legislatures have a right to interfere.
Where Congress have an exclusive power over a subject, it is not competent for state legislation to
interfere. Ibid.
The clause in the constitution of the United States, relating to fugitives from labour, manifestly con-
templates the existence of a positive, unqualified right on the part of the owner of the slave, which no
state law or regulation can in any way qualify, regulate, control, or restrain. Any state law or regulation,
which interrupts, limits, delays, or postpones the rights of the owner to the immediate command of his
services or labour, operates, pro tanto, a discharge of the slave therefrom. The question can never be,
how much he is discharged from; but whether he is discharged from any, by the, natural or necessary
operation of the state laws or state regulations. The question is not one of quantity or degree, but of
withholding or controlling the incidents of a positive right." Ibid.
The constitutionality of the act of Congress relating to fugitives from labour, has been affirmed by the
adjudications of the state tribunals, and by those of the courts of the United States. If the question of
the constitutionality of the law were one of-doubtful construction, such long acquiescence in it, such
contemporaneous expositions of it; and such extensive and unilbrm recognitions would, in the judgment
of the court, entitle the question to be considered at rest. Congress, the executive, and the judiciary,
have, upon various occasions, acted upon this as a sound and reasonable doctrine. Cited, Stuart v.Laird,
I Cranch, 299. Martin v.Hunter, 1 Wheat. 304. Cohens .v. The Commonwealth of Virginia, 6 Wheat.
264. Ibid.
The provisions of the act of 12th February, 1793, relative to fugitive slaves is clearly constitutional in
all its leading provisions; and, indeed, with the exception of that part which confers authority on state
magistrates, is free from reasonable doubt or difficulty. As to the authority so conferred on state magis-
trates, ,while a difference of opinion exists, and may exist on this point, in different states, whether state
magistrates are bound to act under it, none is entertained by the court, that statd magistrates may, if
theyrchoose, exercise the authority, unless prohibited by state legislation. Ibid.
The power of legislation in relation to fugitives from labour, is exclusive in the national legislature.
Ibid.
. The right to seize and retake fugitive slaves, snd the duty to deliver them up, in whatever state of the
Union they may he found, is, under the constitution, recognized as an absolute positive right and duty,
pervading the whole Union with an equal and supreme force ; uncontrolled and uncontrollable by state
sovereignty or state legislation. The right and duty are co-extensive and uniform in remedy and opera-
tion throughout the whole Union. The owner has the same security and the same remedial justice, and
the same exemption from state regulations and control, through however many states he may pass' with
the fugitive slave in his possession, in transits, to his domicile. Ibid.
The act of the legislature of Pennsylvania upon which the indictment against Edward Prigg, for carry-
ing away'a fugitive slave, is founded, is unconstitutional and void. It purports to punish as a public
offence against the state, the very act of seizing and removing a slave by his master, which the constitu-
tion of the United States was designed to justify and uphold. Ibid.
There is no general principle in the law of natiois, which requires a surrender of a fugitive slave.
The surrender must be required by compact. Jones v.Vanzant, 2 MI'Lean's C. C. R. 596.

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. II. CH. S. 1793.
judge or magistrate to give a certificate thereof to such claimant, his

agent or attorney, which shall be sufficient warrant for removing the
said fugitive from labour, to the state or territory from which he or she
fled.
SEC, 4. And be it further enacted, That any person who shall know- Penalty on ob.
ingly and willingly obstruct or hinder such claimant, his agent or at- structing claim-
ants of fugitives
torney in so seizing or arresting such fugitive from labour, or shall from labour.
rescue such fugitive from such claimant, his agent or attorney when so
arrested pursuant to the authority herein given or declared; or shall har-
bor or conceal such person after notice that he or she was a fugitive
from labour, as aforesaid, shall, for either of the said offences, forfeit
and pay the sum of five hundred dollars. Which penalty may be reco-
vered by and for the benefit of such claimant, by action of debt, in any
court proper to try the same; saving moreover to the person claiming
such labour or service, his right of action for or on account of the said
injuries or either of them.
STATUT IL.
CHAP. VIII.- n et for enrolling and licensing ships or vessels to be employed Feb. 18, 1793.
in the -oasting trade and fisheries, and for regulating the same.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- What ships

shall be deemed
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That ships of the United
or vessels, enrolled by virtue of "An act for registering and clearing States.
vessels, regulating the coasting trade, and for other purposes," and those Ships or ves-
sels enrolled
of twenty tons and upwards, which shall be enrolled after the last day under this act
of May next, in pursuance of this act, and having a license in force, or alone entitled ko
if less than twenty tons, not being enrolled shall have a license in force, the privileges of
the coasting
as is herein after required, and no others, shall be deemed ships or ves- trade.
sels-of the United States, entitled to the privileges of ships or vessels Act of Sept. 1,
employed in the coasting trade or fisheries. 1789, ch. 11.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day Ships to pos-
sess the requi-
of May next, in order for the enrolment of any ship or vessel, she shall sites required
possess the same qualifications, and the same requisites, in all respects, by a certain act,
shall be complied with, as are made necessary for registering ships or to obtain enrol-
ment.
vessels, by the act, intituled "An act concerning the registering and re- Dec. 31, 1792,
cording of ships or vessels," and the same duties and authorities are ch. 1.
hereby given and imposed on all officers, respectively, in relation to such
1812, ch. 40.
enrolments, and the same proceedings shall be had, in similar cases,
touching such enrolments; and the ships or vessels so enrolled, with the
master, or owner or owners thereof, shall be subject to the same requi-
Damages for harboring or concealing a slave, in a free state, are recoverable only by the constitution
and act of Congress. Ibid.
Notice that the persons harbored or concealed are fugitives from labour, need not be in writing by the
claimant, or his agent, nor need it be given by either of them verbally. Notice under the act of Congress,
means knowledge. Ibid.
If there be evidence conducing to show such notice or knowledge, it will go to the jury, who will
judge of its sufficiency. The same principles apply to the evidence of harboring or concealing the
fugitives. Ibid.
Any overt act, which intentionally places a fugitive from labour beyond the reach of his master, or is
calculated to have such an effect, is a harboring of the fugitive within the statute. Jones v. Vanzant, 2
M'Lean's C. C. R. 611.
If the defendant had full knowledge from the negroes or otherwise, that they are fugitives from labour,
it is notice under the statute. Ibid.
If the plaintiff was subjected to a certain reward, by the laws of K-entucky, for the return of his slaves,
and the defendant was the cause of his liability to Sueh payment, it may constitute a part of his damages.
Ibid.
Where the defendant has been the means of the entire loss of the slave, evidence may be received of
the loss of such slave, by showing what his services were worth, as conducing to show that fact, for
what sum he might have been sold. Ibid.
The act of Congress on the subject of fugitive slaves is constitutional, and does not conflict with the
ordinance for the government of ihe Northwestern territory. Ibid.
VOL1.
L-39 2c 2

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. tC. : S . 1793.
sites, as are in those respects provided for vessels registered by virtue of

the aforesaid act; the record of which enrolment shall be made, and an
abstract or copy thereof granted, as nearly as may be, in the form follow-
Form of en- ing: " Enrolment in conformity to an act of the Congress of the United
rolment. States fAmerica, intituled 'An act for enrolling and licensing ships
or vessels, to be employed in the coasting trade and fisheries, and for
regulating the same' [inserting here, the name of the person, with his
occupation and place of abode, by whom the oath or affirmation is to be
made] having taken and subscribed the oath (or affirmation) required
by this act, and having sworn (or affirmed) that he (or she, and if more
than one owner, adding the words " together with," and the name or
names, occupation or occupations, place or places of abode, of the owner
or owners) is, (or are) a citizen (or citizens) of the United States, and
sole owner (or owners) of the ship or vessel, called the [inserting here
her name] of [insertitg here the name of the port to which she may
belong] whereof [inserting here the name of the master] is at present
master, and is a citizen of' the United States, and that the said ship or
vessel was .[inserting here when and where built] and [inserting here
the name and office, if any, of the person by whom she shall have been
surveyed, or admeasured] having certified, that the said ship or vessel
has [inserting here the number of decks] and [inserting here the num-
ber of masts] and that her length is [inseitinghere the number of feet]
her breadth [inserting herm the number of feet] her depth [inserting
here the number of feet] and that she measures [inserting here her
number of tons] that she is [describinig here, the particular kind of ves-
sel, whether ship, brigantine, snow, schooner, sloop, or whatever else,
together with her built, and specifying, whether she has any or no
gallery or head] and the said [naming the owner, or the master, or other
person acting in behalf' of the owner or owners, by whom the certifi-
cate of admeasurement shall have been countersigned] having agreed
to the description and admeasurenent above specified, and sufficient se-
curity having been given, according to the said act, the said ship or ves-
sel has been duly enrolled, at the port of [naming the port where enrolled.]
Given under my hand and seal, at [naming the said port] this [insert-
1798, ch. 77, ing theparticular day] day of[naming the month] in the year, [specifying
see. 2. the number of the year, in words at length.]"
On what con- SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful
ditions collect. for the collectors of the several districts, to enrol and license any ship
ors may enrol
vessels. or vessel, that may be registered, upon such registry being given up, or
to register any ship or vessel, that may be enrolled, upon such enrolment
Vessels may and license being given up. And when any ship or vessel shall be in
be registered on
giving up enrol- any other dist ictthan the one to which she belongs, the collector of
ment. such district, on the application of the master or commander thereof,
and upon his taking an oath or affirmation, that according to his best
knowledge and belief, the property remains, as expressed in the register
or enrolment proposed to be given uli, and upon his -giving the hotd
In such cases required for granting registers, shall make the exchanges aforesaid ; but
enrolment to be
transmitted to in every such case, the collector, to whom the register, or enrolment and
the Register of license may be given up, shall transmit the same to the register of the
the Treasury. treasury; and the regitter, or enrolment and license, granted in lieu
thereof, shall, within ten days after the arrival of such ship or vessel
within the district, to which she belongs, be delivered to the collector
Penalty on of the said district, and be by him cancelled. And if the said master
failure to deliv. or commander shall neglect to deliver the said register or enrolment and
er up) enrolment
and license. license, within the time aforesaid, he shall forfeit one hundred dollars.
Licenses for SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That in order to the licensing of
carrying on the any ship or vessel, for carrying on the coasting trade or fisheries, the
coastig trade.
husband, or managing owner, together with the master thereof, with one
or more sureties to the satisfaction of the collector granting the same,

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. C. R. 1793.
shall become bound to pay to the United States, if such ship or vessel
be of the burthen of five tons, and less than twenty tons, the sum of one Penalty on
and if twenty tons, and not exceeding thirty tons, the employing such
hundred dollars; sum vessel contrary
sum of two hundred dollars; and if above thirty tons, and not exceeding to the laws of
sixty tons, the sum of five hundred dollars; and if above sixty tons, the the U. States.
sum of one thousand dollars, in case it shall appear, within two years
from the date of the bond, that such ship or vessel has been employed
in any trade, whereby the revenue of the United States has been de-
frauded during the time the license granted to such ship or vessel re-
mained in force; and the master of such ship or vessel shall also swear,
or affirm, that he is a citizen of the United States, and that such license
shall not be used for any other vessel, or any other employment, than
that for which it is specially granted, or in any trade or business, where-
by the revenue of the United States may be defrauded; and if such ship
or vessel be less than twenty tons burthen, the husband or managing
owner shall swear or affirm, that she is wholly the property of a citizen
or citizens of the United States; whereupon it shall be the duty of the
collector of the district comprehending the port, whereto such ship or
vessel. may belong, (the duty of six cents per ton being first paid) to
grant a license, in the form following: "License for carrying on the Form of license.
[here insert, coasting trade, whale fishery, or cod fishery, as the case
may be.]
"In pursuance of an act of the Congress of the United States of SCense Form of li-
to coast.
America, intituled " An act for enrolling and licensing ships or vessels ing vesses.
to be employed in the coasting trade and fisheries, and for regulating the
same," [inserting here the name of the husband or managing owner,
with his occupation and place of abode, and the name of the master,
with the place of his abode] having given bond, that the [insert here
the description of the vessel, whether ship, briganline, snow, schooner,
-sloop, or whatever else she may be,] called the [insert here, the vessel's
name,] whereof the said [naming the master] is master, burthen [in-
sert here, the number of tons, in words] tons, as appears by her enrol-
ment, dated at [naming the district, day, month and year, in words at
length, (but if she be less than twenty tons, insert, instead thereof,)
proof being had of her admeasurement] shall not be employed in any
trade, while this license shall continue in force, whereby the revenue of
the United States shall be defrauded, and having also sworn (or affirm-
ed) that this license shall not be used for any other vessel, or for any
other employment, than is herein specified, license is hereby granted for
the said [inserting here, the description of the vessel] called the [in-
serting here the vessel's name] to be employed in carrying on the
['inserting here, coasting trade, whale fishery, or cod-fishery, as the case
may be] for one year from the date hereof, and no longer: Given under
my hand and seal, at [naming the said district] this [inserting the par-
ticular day] day of Enaming the month] in the year [specifying the
number of the year in words at length.]"
SEc. 5. And be it further enacted, That no license, granted to any censes How far li-
shall be
ship or vessel, shall be considered in force, any longer than such ship or deemed in force
vessel is owned, and of the description set forth in such license, or for as long as the
carrying on any other business or employment, than that for which she vessel shall be
owned and em-
is specially licensed, and if any ship or vessel be found with a forged or ploved accord-
altered license, or making use of a license granted for any other ship or ing to its terms.
vessel, such ship or vessel, with her tackle, apparel, and the cargo found
on board her, shall be forfeited.
Sac. 6. And be it further enacted, That after the last day of May Certain yes-
next, every ship or vessel of twenty tons or upwards (other than such as sels not com.
plying with this
are registered) found trading between district and district, or between act
different places in the same district, or carrying on the fishery, without
being enrolled and licensed or if less than twenty tons, and not less

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. Ci. 8. 1793.
than five tons, without a license, in manner as is provided by this act,
such ship or vessel, if laden with goods the -growth or manufheture of
to pay foreign the United States only (distilled spirits excepted) or in ballast, shall pay
duties. the same fees and tonnage in every port of the United States, at which
she may arrive, as ships or vessels not belonging to a citizen or citizens
of the bnited States, and if she have on board any articles of foreign
growth or manufacture, or distilled spirits, other than sea-stores, the ship
Such ship or or vessel, together with her tackle, apparel and furniture, and the lading
vesse to be for- found on board, shall be forfeited: Provided, however, if such ship. or
feited. vessel be at sea, at the expiration of the time for which the license was
given, and the master of such ship or vessel shall swear or affirm that
such was the case, and shall also within forty-eight hours after his arrival
deliver to the collector of the district in which he shall first arrive the
license which shall have expired, the forfeiture aforesaid shall not be
incurred, nor shall the ship or vessel be liable to pay the fees and ton-
nage aforesaid.
Collectors to SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That the collector of each district
nnber li- shall progressively number the licenses by him granted, beginning anew
at the commencement of each year, and shall make a record thereof in
a book, to he by him kept for that purpose, and shall, once in three
To transmit months, transmit to the register of the treasury, copies of the licenses,
copies of Ii. which shall have been so granted by him; and also of such licenses, as
censes g'ranted
by him gto the shall have been given up or returned to him, respectively, in pursuance
Register of the of this act. And where any ship or vessel shall be licensed, or enrolled
Tieasury. anew, or being licensed or enrolled, shall afterwards be registered, or
being registered, shall afterwards be enrolled, or licensed, she shall, in
every such case, be enrolled, licensed or registered by her former name.
Vessels before SEc. 8. And be it further enacted, That if any ship or vessel, en-
proceeding on a rolled or licensed, as aforesaid, shall proceed on a foreign voyage, with-
1iireign voyage
failingtogive up out first giving up her enrolment and license, to the collector of the dis-
enrolment and trict comprehending the port, from which she is about to proceed on
obtain register. such foreign voyage, and being duly registered by such collector, every
such ship or vessel, together with her tackle, apparel and furniture, and
To be forfeited. the goods, wares and merchandise, so imported therein, shall be liable
Proviso. to seizure and forfeiture: Provided always, if the port, from which
such ship or vessel is about to proceed on such foreign voyage, be not
within the district, where such ship or vessel is enrolled, the-collector
of such district shall give to the master of such ship or vessel a certifi-
cate, specifying that the enrolment and license of such ship or vessel is
received by him, and the time when it was so received; which certifi-
cate shall afterwards be delivered by the said master to the collector,
who may have .intqd such enrolment and license.
Forfeiture on Sac. 9. And be it further enacted, That the license, granted to any
neglectin to ship or vessel, shall be given up to the collector of the district, who may
give up license,
about to expire. have granted the same, within three days after the expiration of the
time, for which it was granted, in case such ship or vessel be then with-
in the district, or if she be absent, at that time, within three days from
her first arrival within the district afterwards,, or if she be sold out of
the district, within three days after the arrival of the master within any
district, to the collectcr of such district, taking his certificate therefor;
Forfeiture not and if the master thereof shall neglect, or refuse to deliver up the license,
to be incurred if he
license proved as aforesaid, shall forfeit fifty dollars; but if such license shall have
to have been been previously given up to the collector of any other district, as author-
mislaid. ized by this act, and a certificate thereof under the hand of such collec-
tor, be produced by such master, or if such license be lost, or destroyed,
or unintentionally mislaid, so that it cannot be found, and the master
of such ship or vessel shall make and subscribe an oath or affirmation,
that such license is lost, destroyed, or unintentionally mislaid, as he
verily believes, and that the same,. if found, shall be delivered up, as is

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. II. CH. 8. 1.793. 309
herein required, then the aforesaid penalty shall not be incurred. And Anewlicense
if such license shall be lost, destroyed, or unintentionally mislaid, as to be given.
aforesaid, before the expiration of the time for which it was granted,
upon the like oath or affirmation being made and subscribed by the
master of such ship or vessel, the said collector is hereby authorized and
required, upon application being made therefor, to license such ship or
vessel anew.
SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That it shall and .may be lawful When owners
for the owner or owners of any licensed ship or vessel, to return such censea and ob-
license to the collector who granted the same at any time within the tain new ones.
year, for which it was granted, who shall thereupon, cancel the same
and shall license such vessel anew, upon the application of the owner or
owners, and upon the conditions herein before required, being com-
plied with; and in case the term, for which the former license was
granted, shall not be expired, an abatement of the tonnage of six cents Abatement of
per ton shall be made, in the proportion of the time so unexpired. the tonnage du-
SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That every licensed ship or vessel tY icensed ves.
shall have her name, and the port to which she belongs painted on her sels to have
stern, in the manner as is provided for registered ships or vessels, and if name and port
the owvner painted on the
any licensed ship or vessel be found, without such painting,
or owners thereof shall pay twenty dollars. 1792, ch. 1.
SEC. 12. "And be it further enacted, That when the master of any 3.
Sc. Proceedings
licensed ship or vessel, ferry boats excepted, shall be changed, the new on change of
master, or, in case of his absence, the owner or one of the owners there- masters of ]i-
of, shall report such change to the collector residing at the port where censed vessels.
the same may happen, if there be one, otherwise, to the collector residing
at any port, where such ship or vessel may next arrive, who, upon the
oath or affirmation of such new master, or in case of his absence, of the
owner or one of the owners, that he is a citizen of the United States, and
that such ship or vessel shall not, while such license continues in force,
be employed in any manner, whereby the revenue of the United States
may be defiraUded, shall endorse such change on the license, with the
name of the new master; and when any change shall happen, as afore- Forfeiture in
said, and such change shall not be reported, and the endorsement made case of neglect.
of such change, as is herein required, such ship or vessel, found-carrying
on the coasting trade or fisheries, shall be subject to pay the same fees
and tonnage, as a vessel of the United States, having a register, and the
said new master shall forfeit and pay the sum of ten dollars.
SEC. 13. And lie it further enacted, That it shall be lawful, at all Bywhom en-
times, for any officer concerned in the collection of the 'revenue, to rolments maybe
inspect the enrolment or license of any ship or vessel; and if the master inspected.
of any such ship or vessel shall not exhibit the same, when thereunto
required by snch officer, he shall pay one hundred dollars.
SEC. 14. And be it fin-ther enacted, That the master or commander Duty of mas-
of every ship or vessel licensed for carrying on the coasting trade, ters of licensed
destined from a district in one state, to a district in the same, or an coasting ves-
adjoining state on the sea-coast, or on a navigable river, having on board distilled
board, either distilled spirits in casks exceeding five hundred gallons, spirits, &c.
wine in casks exceeding two hundred anlI fifty gallons, or in bottles
exceeding one hundred dozens, sugar in casks or boxes exceeding three
thousand pounds, tea in chests or boxes exceeding five hundred. pounds,
coffee in casks or bags exceeding one thousand pounds, or foreign nmer-
chandise in packages, as imported, exceeding in value four hundred
dollars, or goods, wares or merchandise, consisting of such enumerated
or other articles of foreign growth or manufacture, or of both, whose
aggregate value exceeds eight hundred dollars, shall, previous to the exceeding in
departure of such ship or vessel from the port where she may then be, value $800,
make out and subscribe duplicate manifests of the whole of such cargo to make outdu-
plicate inani-
on board such ship or vessel, specifying in such manifests, the marks :ets.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. IL Ca. S. 1793.
and numbers of every cask, bag, box, chest or package containing the
same, with the name and place, of residence of every shipper and con-
signee, and the quantity' shipped by and to each, and if there be a col-
lector or surveyor, residing at such port, or within five miles thereof, he
shall deliver such manifests to the collector,.if there be one, otherwise
to the surveyor, before whom he shall swear or affirm, to the best of his
knowledge and belief, that the goods therein contained were legally im-
ported, and the duties thereupon paid or secured, or if spirits distilled
within the United States, that the duties thereupon have been paid or
secured, whereupon the said collector or surveyor shall certify the same
on the said manifests, one of which he shall return to the said master,
with a permit, specifying thereon, generally, the lading on board such
ship or vessel, and authorizing him to prbceed to the port of his desti-
1799, ch. 22. nation. And if any ship or vessel, being laden and destined, as afore-
said, shall depart from the port where she may then be, without the
master or commarider having first made out and subscribed duplicate
manifests of the lading on board such ship or vessel, and in case there
be a collector or surveyor residing at such port, or within five miles
thereof, without having previously delivered the same to the said collec-
tor or surveyor, and obtaining a permit, in manner as is herein required,
such master or commander shall pay one hundred dollars.
Duty of mias- SEc. 15. Andbe it further enacted, That the master or commander
ters 0I licensed of every ship or vessel licensed for carrying on the coasting trade, having
coasting ves-
sels having'on on board, either distilled spirits in casks exceedingfive hundred gallons,
board distilled wine in casks exceeding two hundred and fifty gallons, or in bottles
spirits, &c. exceeding one hundred dozens, sugar in casks or boxes exceeding three
thousand pounds, tea in chests or boxes exceeding*five hundred pounds,
coffee in casks or bags exceeding one thousand pounds, or foreign
merchandise in packages, as imported, exceeding in value four hundred
dollars, or goods, wares or merchandise, consisting of such enumerated
or other articles of foreign growth or manufacture, or of both, whose
aggregate value exceeds eight hundred dollars, and arriving from a dis-
trict in one state, at a district in the same or an adjoining state on the
sea-coast, or on a-navigable river, shall, previous to the unlading of any
179 ch. 22. part of the cargo of such ship or vessel, deliver to the collector, if there
be one, or if not, to the surveyor residing at the port of her arrival, or if
there be no collector or surveyor residing at such port, then to a col-
lector or surveyor, if there be any such officer, residing within five miles
thereof, the manifest of the cargo, certified by the collector or surveyor
of the district from whence she sailed (if there be such manifest), other-
wise the duplicate manifests thereof, as is herein before directed, to the
truth of which, before such officer, he shall swear or affirm. And if
there have been taken on board such ship or vessel, any other or more
goods, than are contained in such manifest or manifests, since her
departure from the port from whence she first sailed, or if any goods
have been since landed, the said master or commander shall make
known and particularize the same to the said collector or surveyor, or if
no such goods have been so taken on board or landed, he shallso de-
clare, to the truth of which he shall swear or affirm: Whereupon, the
said collector or surveyor shall grant a permit for unlading a part, or the
whole of such cargo, as the said master or commander may request.-
And if there be no collector or surveyor, residing -at, or within five miles
of the said port of her arrival, the master or commander of such ship or
vessel may proceed to discharge the lading from on board such ship or
vessel, but shall deliver to the collector or surveyor, residing at the first
port, where he may next afterwards arrive, and within twenty-four hours
of his arrival, the manifest or manifests aforesaid, noting thereon the
times when, and places where, the goods therein mentioned have been
unladen, to the truth of which, before the said last mentioned collector

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. IT. Cu. 8. 1793.
or surveyor, he shall swear or affirm; and if the master or commander

of any such ship or vessel, being laden as aforesaid, shall neglect or
refuse to deliver the manifest or manifests, at the times, and in the man-
ner, herein directed, he shall pay one hundred dollars.
Sac. 16. And be it further enacted, That the master or commander Duty of mau-
of every ship or vessel, licensed for carrying on the coasting trade, and ters of vessels
destined from
being destined from any district of the United States, to a district other any district to
than a district in the same, or an adjoining state, on the sea-coast, or other than a dis.
on a navigable river, shall, previous to her departure, deliver to the co- trict in the same
lector residing at the port where such ship or vessel may be, if there is state.
one, otherwise to the collector of the district comprehending such port,
or to a surveyor within the district, as the one or the other may reside
nearest to the port at which such ship or vessel may be, duplicate mani-
fests of the whole cargo on board such ship or vessel, or if there be no Act of March
cargo on board, he shall so certify, and if there be any distilled spirits, 2, 1799, ch. 22.
or goods, wares and merchandise, of foreign growth or manufacture on
board, other than what may, by the collector, be deemed sufficient for
sea stores, he shall specify in such manifests, the marks and numbers of
every cask, bag, box, chest or package, containing the same, with the
name, and place of residence, of every shipper and consignee of such
distilled spirits, or goods of foreign growth or manufacture, and the
quantity shipped by, and to each, to be by him subscribed, and to the
truth of which,'he shall swear or affirm; and shall also swear or affirm
before the said collector or surveyor, that such goods, wares, or mer-
chandise, of foreign growth or manufacture, were, to the best of his
knowledge and belief, legally imported, and the duties thereupon paid
or secured; or if spirits distilled within the United States, that the duties
thereupon have been duly paid or secured; upon the performance of
which, and not before, the said collector or surveyor shall certify the
same on the said manifests; one of which he shall return to the master,
with a permit, thereto annexed, authorizing him to proceed to the port
of his destination. And if any such ship or vessel shall depart from the Forfeiture on
port where she may then be, having distilled spirits, or goods, wares or neglecting it.
merchandise, of foreign growth or manufacture on board, without the
several things herein required, being complied with, the master thereof
shall forfeit one hundred dollars; or if the lading be of goods, the growth Amount of for-
or manufacture of the United States only, or if such ship or vessel have feiture.
no cargo, and she depart, without the several things herein required,
being complied with, the said master shall forfeit and pay fifty dollars.
SEC. 17. And be it further enacted, That the master or commander Masters of
of every ship or vessel, licensed to carry on the coasting trade, arriving coasting v.essels
when and to
at any district of the United States, from any district, other than a dis- who to deliver
trict in the same, or an adjoining state on the sea-coast, or on a navigable manifests.
river, shall deliver to the collector residing at the port where she may
arrive, if there be one, otherwise to the collector or surveyor in the
district comprehending such port, as'the one, or the other, may reside
nearest thereto, if the collector or surveyor reside at a distance not ex-
ceeding five miles, within twenty-four hours, or if at a greater distance,
within forty-eight hours next after his arrival; and previous to the un-
lading any of the goods brought in such ship or vessel, the manifest of
the cargo (if there be any) certified by the collector or surveyor of the March 2, 1799,
district from whence she last sailed, and shall make oath or affirmation, ne.22.
before the said collector or surveyor, that there was not when he sailed
from the district where his manifest was certified, or has been since, or
then is, any more, or other goods, wares or merchandise of foreign
growth or manufacture, or distilled spirits (if there -be any, other than
sea stores, on board such vessel) than is therein mentioned; and if there
be no such goods, he shall so swear or affirm; and if there be no cargo
on board, he shall produce the certificate of the collector or surveyor of

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. IT. CH. B. 1793.
the district from whence she last sailed, as aforesaid, that such is the
And case: Whereupon such collector or surveyor shall grant a permit for
obtain
permits for un- unlading the whole, or part of such cargo (if there be any) within his
lading. district, as the master may request; and where a part only of the goods,
wares and merchandise, of foreign growth or manufacture, or of distilled
spirits, brought in such ship or vessel, is intended to be landed, the said
collector or surveyor shall make an endorsement of such part, on the
back of the manifest, specifying the articles to be landed; and shall
return such manifest to the master, endorsing also thereon, his permis-
sion for such ship or vessel to proceed to the place of her destination;
and if the master of such ship or vessel shall neglect or refuse to deliver
the manifest, (or if she has no cargo, the certificate) within the time
herein directed, he shall forfeit one hundred dollars, and the goods,
wares and merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture, or distilled
spirits, found on board, or landed from such ship or vessel, not being
certified, as is herein required, shall be forfeited, and if the same shall
amount to the value of eight hundred dollars, such ship or vessel, with
her tackle, apparel and furniture, shall be also forfeited.
In what cases SEc. 18. And be it further,enacted, That nothing in this act con-
masters of yes. tained shall be so construed, as to oblige the master or commander of
sels t may be ex-
emp from de- any ship or vessel, licensed for carrying on the coasting trade, bound
livering mani-from a district in one state, to a district in the same, or an adjoining
fests, state on the sea-coast, or on a navigable river, having on board goods,
wares or merchandise, of the growth, product or manufactures of the
United States only (except distilled spirits) or distilled spirits, not more
than five hundred gallons, wine in casks not more than two hundred
and fifty gallons, or in bottles not more than one hundred dozens, sugar
in casks or boxes not more than three thousand pounds, tea in chests
or boxes not more than five hundred pounds, coffee in casks or bags not
more than one thousand pounds, or foreign merchandise in packages,
as imported, of not more value than four hundred dollars, or goods,
wares or merchandise, consisting of such enimerated or other articles
of foreign growth or manufacture, or of both, whose aggregate value
shall be not more than eight hundred dollars, to deliver a manifest
thereof, or obtain a permit, previous to her departure, or on her arrival
In others how within such district, to make any report thereof; but such master shall
to be provided be provided with a manifest, by him subscribed, of the lading, of what
with them. kind soever, which was on board such ship or vessel, at the time of his
departure from the district from which she last sailed, and if the same,
or any part of such lading, consists of distilled spirits, or goods, wares,
or merchandise, of foreign groWth or manufacture, with the marks and
numbers of each cask, bag, box, chest or package, containing the same,
with the name of the shipper and consignee of each; which manifest
shall be by him exhibited, for the inspection of any officer of the revenue,
when, by such officer, thereunto required; and shall also inform such
officer, from whence such ship or vessel last sailed, and how long she
Forfeiture on has been in port, when by.him so interrogated. And if the raaster of
neglect thereof. such ship or vessel shall not be provided, on his arrival within any such
district, with a manifest, and exhibit the same, as is herein required, if
the lading of such ship or vessel consist wholly of goods, the produce
or manufacture of the United States (distilled spirits excepted) he shall
forfeit twenty dollars, or if there be distilled spirits, ov goods, wares, or
merchandise, of foreign growth or manufacture, on board, excepting
what may be sufficient for sea stores, he shall forfeit forty dollars; or if
he shall refuse to answer the interrogatories truly, as is herein required,
he shall forfeit the sum of one hundred dollars. And if any of the
goods laden on board such ship or vessel, shall be of foreign growth or
manufacture, or of spirits distilled within the United States, so much of
the same as may be found on board such ship or vessel, and which shall

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. It. CH. S. 1793.
not be included in the manifest exhibited by such master, shall be for-

feited.
Sac. 19. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful Collector of
for the collector of the district of Pennsylvania, to grant permits for the Pennsylvania
may grant per-
transportation of goods, wares or merchandise, of foreign growth or mits for trans-
manufacture, across the state of New Jersey, to the district of New York, porting foreign
or across the state of Delaware, to any district in the state of Maryland goods to Mary-
land across the
or Virginia; and for the collector of the district of New York, to grant state of Dela-
like permits for the transportation across the state of New Jersey; and ware, and to
for the collector of any district of Maryland or Virginia, to grant like Virginia.
Also to New
permits for the transportation across the state of Delaware, to the district York across
of Pennsylvania : Provided That every such permit shall express the New Jersey.
name of the owner, or person sending such goods, and of the person or So also the
collector of
persons, to whom such goods shall be consigned, with the marks, num- New York to
bers and description of the packages, whether bale, box, chest or other- goods to cross
wise, and the kind of goods contained therein, and the date, when New Jersey, un-
der what regu-
granted; and the owner, or person sending such goods, shall swear or lations.
affirm, that they were legally imported, and the duties thereupon paid or
secured: And provided also, That the owner or consignee of all such Owner or con-
goods, wares and merchandise, shall, within twenty-four hours after the signee to report
the same to the
arrival thereof, at the place to which they were permitted to be trans- collector.
ported, report the same, to the collector of the district where they shall
so arrive, and shall deliver up the permit accompanying the same, and
if the owner or consignee- aforesaid, shall neglect or refuse to make due
entry of such goods, within the time, and in the manner, herein-directed,
all such goods, wares and merchandise shall be subject to forfeiture;
and if the permit granted shall not be given up, within the time limited
for making the said report, the person or persons to whom it was grant-
e., neglectihg or refusing to deliver it up, shall forfeit fifty dollars for every
twenty-four hours it shall be withheld afterwards: Provided, That where
the goods, wares and merchandise, to be transported in manner afore-
said, shall be of less value than eight hundred dollars, the said oath and
permit shall not be deemed necessary, nor shall the owner or consignee
be obliged to make report to the collector of the district where the said
goods, wares and merchandise shall arrive.
SEc. 20. And be it further enacted, That when any ship or vessel Registered
of the United States, registered according to law, shall be employed in vessels employ-
ed in going from
going from any one district in the United States, to any other district, district to dis,-.
such ship or vessel, and the master or commander thereof, with the goods trict subject to
she may have on board, previous to her departure from the district, where regulations in
sec. 16 and 17 of
she may be, and also, upon her arrival in any other district, shall be sub- this act.
ject (except as to the payment of fees) to the same regulations, provi-
sions, penalties and forfeitures, and the like duties are imposed on like
officers, as is provided by the sixteenth and seventeenth sections of this
act, for ships or vessels licensed for carrying on the coasting trade:
Provided however, that nothing herein contained, shall be construed to Proviso.
extend to registered ships or vessels of the United States, having on
board goods, wares and merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture,
brought into the United States in such ship or vessel from a foreign port,
and on which the duties have not been paid or secured, according to law.
Sac. 21. And be it further enacted, That when any ship or vessel, Duty or mas-
licensed for carrying on the fishery, shall be intended to touch and trade ters of ships li-
censed for car-
at any foreigin port or place, it shall be the duty of the master, com- rying on the
mander, or owner, to obtain permission for that purpose, from the col- fishery, intend-
lector of the district where such ship or vessel may be, previous to her ing to touch at
a foreign port.
departure, and the master or commander of every such ship or vessel,
shall deliver like manifests, and make like entries, both of the ship or
vessel, and of the goods, wares, or merchandise on board, within the
VOL. 1.-49 2-D

same time, and under the same penalty, as by the laws of the United
States, are provided for ships or vessels of the United States arriving
from a foreign port. And if any ship or vessel, licensed for carrying
on the fisheries, shall be found within three leagues of the coast, with
goods, ivares, or merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture, exceed-
ing the value of five hundred dollars, without having such permission,
as is herein directed, such ship or vessel, together with her goods, wares,
or merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture imported therein, shall
be subject to seizure and forfeiture.
Masters of Sec. 22, And be it further enacted. That the master or commander
vessels trans- of every ship or vessel, employed in the transportation of goods from
poring goods
from district to
district to district, that shall put into a port, other than the one to which
diqsrict, to re- she was bound, shall, within twenty-four hours of his arrival, if there be
port themselves an officer residing at such port, and she continue there so lono, make
within 24 hours
after arrival, report of his arrival, to such officer, with the name of the place he came
from, and to which he is bound, with an account of his lading; and if
the master of such ship or vessel shall neglect or refise to do the same,
he shall forfeit twenty dollars.
Duty of col- S.ec. 23. And be it further enacted, That if the master or commander
lectors on mas. of any ship or vessel, employed in the transportation cf goods, from
ters of vessels
havin i lost their district to district, having on board goods, wares, or merchandise of for-
manifests. eign growth or manufacture, or distilled spirits, shall, on his arrival at
To take bond
for foreign du.
the port to which he was destined, have lost or mislaid the certified man-
ties. ifest of the same, or the permit which was given therefor, by the col-
lector or surveyor of the district from whence he sailed, the collector of
the district where he shall so arrive, shall take bond for the payment of
the duties on such goods, wares and merchandise of foreign growth or
manufacture, or distilled spirits, within six months, in the same manner,
as though they were imported from a foreign country: Providedhowever,
Bond to be such bond shall be cancelled, if the said master shall deliver, or cause
cancelled on to be delivered to the collector taking such bond, and within the term
certificate that
said goods were therein limited for payment, a certificate from the collector or surveyor
legally import- of the district, from whence he sailed, that such goods-were legally ex-
ed. ported in such ship or vessel, from such district.
Mlasters of Sec. 24. And be it further enacted, That the master or commander
vessels bound of every foreign ship or vessel, bound from a district in the United
from district to States, to any other district within the same, shall, in all cases, previous
viously topre.do
district to her departure, from such district, deliver to the collector of such dis-
liver duplicate trict, duplicate manifests of the lading on board such ship or vessel, if
manifests
lector, c.
to col- there
teeb
be any, or if there be none, be shall declare that such is the case,
and to thenotruth fteeb oe esaldcaeta uhi h
of such manifests or declaration, he shall swear or
ae
affirm, and also obtain a permit, from the said collector, authorizing him
Masters of to proceed to the place of his destination. And the master or com-
fbreignvessels. mander of every such ship or vessel, on his arrival within any district,
from any other district, shall, in all cases, within forty-eight hours after
his arrival, and previous to the unlading any goods from on board
such ship or vessel, deliver to the collector of the district where he may
have arrived, a manifest of the goods laden on board such ship or ves-
sel, if any there be, or if in ballast only, he shall so declare, and to the
Manifests on truth of which manifest or declaration, he shall swear or affirm ; and
oath. also, that such manifest contains an account of all the goods, wares, and
merchandise which were on board such ship or vessel, at the time, or
have been, since her departure from the place from whence she shall be
reported last to have sailed ; and he shall also deliver to such collector
the permit which was given him from the collector of the district from
Forfeiture on whence he sailed. And if the master or commander of any such ship or
neglect thereof, vessel shall neglect or refuse complying with any of the requirements here-
Proviso. in made, he shall forfeit one hundred dollars: Provided always, That no-

,-SECOND CONGRESS. Stss. IL Cu. 8. 1793.
thing herein contained shall be construed as affecting the payment of

tonnage, or any other requirements which such ships or vessels are now
subject to by the present existing laws of the United States.
SEc. 25. And be it further enacted, That in every case, where the Enrolment,&c.
collector is, by this act, directed to grant any enrolment, license, certifi- bywhomissued.
cate, permit, or other document, the naval officer residing at the port (if
there be one) shall sign the same, and every surveyor who shall certify Monthlv re-
a manifest, or grant a permit, or who shall receive any certified mani- turnstobenade
fest, or a permit as is provided for in this act, shall make monthly re- bythesurveyors
turns thereof, or sooner, if it can conveniently be made, to the collector to the collector.
of the district where such surveyor may reside.
SEC. 26. And be it.further enacted, That bc bre any ship or vessel, How vessels
of the burthen of five tons, and less than twenty tons, shall be licensed, under twenty
the same admeasurement shall be made of such ship or vessel, and the measured, &c.
same provisions observed relative thereto, as are to be observed in case
of admeasuring ships or vessels to be registered or enrolled ; but in all
cases, where such ship or vessel, or any other licensed ship or vessel,
shall have been once admeasured, it shall not be necessary to measure
such ship or vessel anew, for the purpose of obtaining another enrol-
ment or license, except such ship or vessel shall have undergone some
alteration as to her burthen, subsequent to the time of her former
license.
Sec. 27. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for any Revenue offi.
officer of the revenue, to go on board of any ship or vessel, whether she oCersmay .rie
-in
shall be within or without his district, and the same to inspect, search without their
and examine, and if it shall appear, that any breach of the laws of the districts.
United States has been committed, whereby such ship or vessel, or the
goods, wares and merchandise on board, or any part thereof, i', or are
liablc to forfeiture, to make seizure of the same.
SEC. 28. And be it further enacted, That in every case, where a for- Collector's du-
feiture of any ship or vessel, or of any goods, wares or merchandise, ' ty in recases
se izu ., of
shall accrue, it shall be the duty of the collector, or other proper officer, Names of the
who shall give notice of the seizure of such ship or vessel, or of such owners or con-
goods, wares or merchandise, to insert in the same advertisement, the signees of ships
or vessels or
name or names, and the place or places of residence, of th e person or goods seized to
persons, to whom any such ship or vessel, goods, wares and merchan- be inserted in
dise belonged, or were consigned, at the ti..e of such seizure, if the the advertise-
ment.
same shall be known to him.
SEc. 29. And be it further enacted, That every collector, who shall Forfeiture on
knowingly make any record of enrolment or license of any ship or yes- recordingenrol-
ment, &c. con-
sel, and every other officer, or person, appointed by, or under them, who trary to this act.
shall make any record, or grant any certificate, or other document what-
ever, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, or shall take
any other, or greater fees, than are by this act allowed, or shall receive,
for any service performed pursuant to this act, any reward or gratuity,
and every surveyor, or other person appointed to measure ships or ves-
sels, who shall wilfully deliver to any collectoir, or naval officer, a false
description of any ship or vessel, to be enrolled or licensed, in pursuance
of this act, shall, upon conviction of any such neglect or offence, forfeit
to the United States five hundred dollars, and be rendered incapable of
serving in any office of trust or profit, under the United States. And if Penalty on
persons in office
any person, authorized and required by this act, in respect to his office, refusing or ne-
to perform any act or thing required by this act, shall wilfully neglecting to do
glect or refuse to do and perform the same, according to the true in- their duty.
tent and meaning of this act, such person, on being duly convicted
thereof, if not hereby subject to the penalty and disqualifications afore-
said, shall forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars fbr the first
offence, and a like sum for the second offence, and shall from thencefor-

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. II. Cm. R. 1793.
ward, be rendered incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under

the United States.
Penalties on SEc. 30. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons
swearing
ly. false- shall swear, or affirm to any of the matters, herein required to be veri-
fled, knowing the same to be false, such person or persons shall suffer the
see.179, . , like pains and penalties, as shall be incurred, by persons committing
On counter- wilful and corrupt perjury. And if any person or persons shall forge,
feiting. or falsi- counterfeit, erase, alter or falsify any enrolment, license, certificate, per-
eying enrol- o te
ye not. mit, or other document, mentioned or required in this act, to be granted
by any officer of the revenue, such person or persons, so offending, shall
forfeit five hundred dollars.
Penalty on SEC. 31. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons
obstructing the shall assault, resist, obstruct, or hinder any officer in the execution of
e'xecution of
is act, this act, or of any other act or law of the United States, herein men-
tioned, or of any of the powers or authorities vested in him by this act,
or any oth er act or law, as aforesaid, all and every person and persons so
offending, shall, for every such offence, for which no other penalty is
particularly provided, forfeit five hundred dollars.
On transferring SEC. 32. And be it .further enacted, That if any licensed ship or yes-
vessels to for- sel shall be transferred, in whole or in part, to any person, who is not,
eigners, &c. at the time of such transfer, a citizen of, and resident within, the United
States, or if any such ship or vessel shall be employed in any other
trade than that for which she is licensed, or shall be found with a forged
or altered license, or one granted for any other ship or vessel, every such
ship or vessel, with her tackle, apparel and furniture, and the cargo found
on board her, shall be forfeited.
In what cases SEC. 33. Provided nevertheless, and be it further enacted, That in all
the lading on cases where the whole or any part of the lading, or cargo, on board any
board of vessels
shall be exempt ship or vessel, shall belong bona fide to any person or persons other than
from forfeiture, the master, owner, or mariners of such ship or vessel, and upon which
the duties shall have been previously paid or secured, according to law,
shall be exempted from any forfeiture under this act, any thing therein
contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
Fees allowed SEC. 34. And be it further enacted, That the fees and allowances for
under this act. the several duties and services, to be performed, in virtue of this act,
shall be as follow; that is to say:
Fees for ad- For admeasuring every ship or vessel, in order to the enrolment, or
measuring ships licensing and recording the same, if of the burthen of five tons, and
or vessels. less than twenty tons, fifty cents; if of twenty tons, and not exceeding
seventy tons, seventy-five cents; if above seventy tons, and not exceed-
ing one hundred tons, one hundred cents; if above one hundred tons,
one hundred and fifty cents:
For every certificate of enrolment, fifty cents:
For every endorsement on a certificate of enrolment, twenty cents:
For every license, and granting the same, including the bond, if not
exceeding twenty tons, twenty-five cents; if above twenty, and not more
than one hundred tons, fifty cents; and if more than one hundred tons,
one hundred cents:
For every endorsement on a license, twenty cents:
For certifying manifests, and granting a permit for a licensed vessel
to proceed from district to district, twenty-five cents, if less than fifty
tons, and if above fifty tons, fifty cents:
For receiving a certified manifest, and granting a permit, on the arri-
val of such vessel, twenty-five cents, if less than fifty tons, and if above
fifty tons, fifty cents:
For certifying manifests, and granting a permit for a registered vessel
to proceed from district to district, one hundred and fifty cents-:
For receiving a certified manifest, and granting a permit, on the arri-
val of such registered vessel, one hundred and fifty cents:

SECOND CONGRESS. SaSS. I. Ci. S. 1793. 31-7
For -granting a permit for a vessel, not belonging to a citizen or
citizens of the United States, to proceed from district to district, and
receiving the manifest, two hundred cents:
For receiving a manifdst, and granting a permit, to unload, for such
last mentioned vessel, on her arrival in one district, from another district,
two hundred cents :
For granting a permit for a vessel carrying on the fishery, to trade at
a foreign port, twenty-five cents, and for the report and entry of any
foreign goods imported in such vessel, twenty-five cents.
And where a surveyor shall certify a manifest, or grant a permit, or Disposal of
fees under this
receive a certified manifest and grant- a permit, the fees arising there- act.
from, shill be received by himsolely for his use. And all other fees
arising, by viriue of this act, shall be received, and accounted for, by
the collector, or, at his option, by the naval officer, where there is one,
and where there is a collector, naval officer, and surveyor, shall be
equally divided, monthly, between the said officers; and where there is
no naval officer, two thirds to the collector, and the other third to the
surveyor; and where there is only a collector, he shall receive the whole
amount thereof; and where there is more than one surveyor in any dis-
trict, each of them shall receive his proportionable part of such fees, as
shall arise in the port, for which he is appointed: Provided always, Persons em.
That in all cases, where the tonnage of any ship or vessel shall be ascer- ployed to ascer-
tained, by any person appointed for that purpose, such person shall be tain tonnage of
paid a reasonable compensation therefor, out of the fees aforesaid, be- vessels to I-
paid before dis-
fore any distribution thereof, as aforesaid; and every collector and naval tributionoftees.
officer, and every surveyor, who shall reside at a port where there is no Table of fees.
collector, shall cause to be affixed, and constantly kept, in some conspicu-
ous place of his office, a fair table of the rates of fees, demandable by
this act.
S e. 35. And be it further enacted, That all penalties and forfeitures, Penalties -how
forfeitures and
which shall be incurred by virtue and force of this act, shall and may be sued for and re-
sued for, prosecuted and recovered, in like manner, as penalties and covered.
forfeitures, incurred by virtue of the act, intituled "An act to regulate 1790, ch. 35.
the collectipn of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and mer-
chandise imported into the United States, and on the tonnage of ships
or vessels," may be sued for, prosecuted and recovered, and shall be
appropriated in like manner: Provided always, That if any officer,
entitled to a part or share of any such penalty or forfeiture, shall be
necessary as a witness-on the trial for such penalty or forfeiture, such
officer may be a witness upon the said trial; but in such case, he shall
not receive, or be. entitled to any part or share of the said penalty or
forfeiture, and the part or share to which he would otherwise have been
entitled, shall accrue to the United States.
SEC. 36. And be it further enacted, That this act shall commence, When this act
and, take effect, from and after the last day of May next, and thence shallbe inforce,
forth, the act, intituled "An act for registering and clearing vessels, and certain
other acts re-
regulating the coasting trade, and for other purposes," and also, the act, pealed.
intituled "An act to explain and amend an act, intituled An act for
registering and clearing vessels, regulating the coasting trade, and for At
&1ch., rc
other purposes," shall be repealed, and cease to operate, except as to the pealeb with ex-
validity of the registers, records, enrolments and licenses, with the certi- ceptions.
ficates and documents, ivhich shall have been done or granted, in pur- 1789, ch. 22.
suance of those acts, prior to the first day of June next, which shall con-
tinue to be of the like force and effect, as if the said acts were not
repealed; and except also, as to the prosecution, recovery and distribu-
tion of, and for fines, penalties and forfeitures, which may have been
incurred, prior to the first day of June next, for which purpose likewise,
the said acts shall continue in force.
SEC. 37. And be itfurther enacted, That nothing in this act, shall be
2 D2

SECOND CONGRESS. SESs. 11. CH.9, 10, 11. 1793.
Nothing here- construed to extend to any boat or lighter, not being masted, or if masted,
in to extend to
boats, &c. and not decked, employed iathe harbor of any town or city.
APPROVED, February 1S, 7-3.
STATUTE IL
Feb. 18, 1793.
CHAP. IX.-An lctproviding compensation to the Presidentand Vice- President
of the United States.
Act of Sept. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

24,1789, ch. t9. United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the
Compensation third day of March in the present year, the compensation of the Presi-
to the President
and Vice Presi- dent of the United States shall be at the rate of twenty-five thousand
dent. dollars per annum, with the use of the furniture and other effects belong-
$25,000 per ing to the United States, and now in possession of the President: And
annum to the
President, and that of the Vice President, at the rate of five thousand dollais per annum,
$5000 to the in full for their respective services, to be paid quarter-yearly, at the
Vice President. treasury.
APPROVED, February IS, 1793.
STATUTE II.
Feb. 21, 1793. CHAP. X.-Idn /lt. to repealpart of a resolution of Congress of the twenty-ninth
of .dugust, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, respecting the inhabi-
tants of Post Saint Vincents.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That so much of the resolu-
Inhabitants of tion of Congress of the twenty-ninth of August, one thousand seven
Post St. Vin. hundred and eighty-eight, as requires the French and Canadian inhabit-
cents relieved
from expense of ants, and other settlers at Post Saint Vincents, to pay for the survey of
certain surveys. the several tracts, which they rightfully claimed, and which had been
allotted to them, according to the laws and usages of the government,
under which they had settled, be, and hereby is repealed: And that
such surveys thereof, as may have been madd, be paid for by the United
States, not exceeding the rates hitherto established by Congress for
making surveys.
STATUTE II.
Feb. 21, 1793. CHAP. XI.---n det to promote the p-og-ress of useful .Srls; and to repeal the act
heretefore made for that purpose.(a)
Act of 1790, SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
ch. 7. of the United Statts of America in Congress assembled, That when any
person or persons, being a citizen or citizens of the United States, shall
(a) Laws passed relating to, patents for useful inventions : An act to extend the privilege of obtaining
patents for useful discoveries and inventions to certain persons therein mentioned, and to enlarge and
define the penalties for violating the rights of patentees, April 17, 1800, chap. 26; an act to extend the
jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts of the United States, in cases arising under the law relating to patents,
February 15, IS19, chap. .19 ; an act supplementary to the act entitled "An act to promote the progress
of usefil arts," June 7, 1794, chap. 58 ; an act concerning patents for useful inventions, July 3, 1832,
chap. 162 ; an act concerning the issuing of patents to aliens for useful discoveries and inventions,
passed July 13, 1832, chap. 203; an act to promote the progress of the useful arts, and to repeal all acts
and parts of acts heretofore made on that subject, Jply 4, 1836, chap. 357 ; an act in addition to the act to
promote the progress of science and useful arts, March 3, 1837, chap. 45; an act in addition to the act
to promote the progress of the useful arts, and to repeal all acts and parts of acts, heretofore made for the
purpose, August 29, 1842, chap. 263 ; 1839, chap. 88.
Decisions of the courts of the United States on the acts of Congress relating to patents for useful in-
ventions-Patents for useful inventions.
The forms and subjects of Patents lnvention or Discovery,-the Specification or Description.-Under
the 6th section of the patent law of February 21, 1793, if the thing secured by patent has been in use,
or has been described in a public work, anterior to the supposed discovery, the patent is void, whether
the patentee had a knowledge of this previous use or not. Evans v. Eaton, 3 Wheat. 454; 4 Cond.
Rep. 291.
A party cannct entitle himself to a patent for more than his own invention ; and if a, patent be for the

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. 11. Ca. 11. 1793. 219
allege that he or they have invented any new and useful art, machine, Letters patent
manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improve- how and
whom made by
out.
ment on any art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, not
known or used before the application, and shall present a petition to the
whole machine, he can maintain a title to it only by establishing that it is substantially new, with its
structure and mode of operation. Ibid.
If the combinations existed before in machines of the same nature, up to a certain point, and the
party's invention consists in adding some new machinery, or some improved mode of operation to the
old, the patent should be limited to such improvement; for if it includes the whole machine, it includes
more than his invention, and therefore cannot be supported. Ibid.
The patent act of the United States differs from the English in several particulars. A mere public use
'by others before taking a patent, or a sale thereof by the inventor, is not decisive against him here, as it
is in England. Pennock et al. v. Dialogue, 2 Peters, 16.
It has not, and it cannot be denied, that an inventor may abandon his invention, and surrender or dedi-
cate it to the public. The inchoate right thus given, cannot afterwards be resumed at his pleasure, for
when gifts are once made to the public in this way, they become absolute. The true meaning of the
words in the patent law, " not known or used before the application," is, not known or used by the
public, before the application.- Ibid.
Where a defect in the specification on which a patent has issued, arose from inadvertence or mistake,
and without any fraud or misconduct on the part of the patentee, the Secretary of State has authority
to accept a surrender of the patent, and cancel the record thereof; whereupon he may issue a ne v
patent on an amended specification for the unexpired fourteen years granted by the first patent. Grant
v. Raymond, 6 Peters, 218.
The letters patent were obtained in 1822, and in 1829, the patentee having surrendered the same for
an alleged defect in the specification, obtained another patent. The second patent is to be considered
as having relation to the first patent in 1822, and not as having been issued on an original application.
Shaw v. Cooper, 7 Peters, 292.
The taking of the oath required by the patent act, previous to the issuing of the patent, is but a pre-
requisite to the granting of the patent, and is in no degree essential to its validity; and if not taken,
still the patent is valid. No defect or concealment in the specification, will avoid the patent, unless it
arose from an intention to deceive the public. Whittemore v. Cutter, 1 Gallis. C. C. R. 429.
The first inventor is entitled to the benefit of his invention, and if he reduce it to practice, and obtain
a patent for it, a subsequent inventor cannot, by obtaining a patent, deprive him of his invention, or
maintain an action against him or his patent. Woodcock v. Parker et al., 1 Gallis. C. C. R. 438.
A patent can in no case be for an effect only, but for an effect produced in a certain manner, or by a
peculiar operation. Ibid.
The original inventor of a machine is exclusively entitled to a patent for it. Mere colourable differ.
ences, or slight improvements, will not affect his right. Odiorne v. Winkley, 2 Gallis. C. C. R. 51.
The law allows a party a patent for a new and useful invention, and by " useful invention," is meant,
not an invention in all respects superior to the modes now in use for the same purpose, but useful, in
contradistinction to frivolous and mischievous inventions. Lowell v. Lewis, 1 Mason's C. C. R. 182.
The patentee must describe in his patent in what his invention consists, with reasonable certainty;
otherwise it is void for ambiguity. If it be for an improvement in an existing machine, he must, in his
patent, distinguish the new from the old ; and confine his patent to such parts only as are new; for if
both are mixed up together, and a patent is taken out for the whole, it is void. Ibid.
A joint patent may well be for a joint invention, but not fbr a sole invention of one of the patentees.
If each of the patentees obtain patents for the same invention as his exclusive invention, and afterwards
both obtain a joint patent for the same as their invention, the parties are not actually estopped from
ascertaining thie invention to be joint; but the former patents are very strong evidence against a joint
invention. Ibid.
An inventor cannot, under the patent laws of the United States, have two subsisting valid patents at
the same time for the same invention. The first that he obtains, while it remains unrepealed, is an estop.
pel to any patent under the same patent act. Odiorne v. The Amesbury Nail Factory, 2 Mason's C. C.
R. 28.
The first section of the patent act of 1793, construed in connection with the other sections of the act,
means that the invention should not be known and used as the invention of any other person than thb
patentee before the application for a patent. Morris v. Huntington, Paine's C. C. R. 345.
To obtain a patent under the laws of the United States, the party mast be the original inventor in refer-
ence to the whole world; it is not sufficient that he is the first inventor within the United States. Rut-
gena. Kanowers, I Wash. C. C. R. 168.
One who is the inventor of an improvement in the principle of a machine, has the same right to use it,
as the inventor of the original machine had to it. Aliter, if it be only in form and proportion. Gray et
al. v. James et al., Peters's C. C. R. 394.
It isnot enough that the thing designed to be embraced by the patent, should be made apparent on the
trial, by comparison of the new with the old machine. The patent for the invention must distinguish
the new from the old, so as to point out in what the improvement consists. Dixon v. Moyer, 4 Wash.
C. C. R. 68.
Patents and the specifications annexed thereto, should be construed fairly and liberally, and not be
subject to any over nice or critical refinements. Ames v Howard, 1 Sumner's C. C. R. 482.
It is not necessary to the validity of a patent for a new and useful invention, that any of the ingredi-
ents should be new and unused before for the purpose. The true question is, whether the combination
of materials by the patentee, is substantially new. Ryan v. Goodwin, 3 Sumner's C. C. R. 514.
Under the patent laws of the United States, the applicant for a patent must be the first as well as tV
original inventor, and a subsequent inventor, although an original inventor, is not entitled to a patent, if
the invention is perfected and put in actual use by the first and an original inventor; and it is of no con -
sequence whether the invention is extensively known or used, or whether the knowledge or use thereof

320 SECOND CONGRESS. Srss . C . 1.It 1793.
Act of April Secretary of State, signifying a desire of obtaining an exclusive property
tO, 1790, ch. '7, abegatdtefoishl
repealed. in the same, and praying that a patent may be granted therefor, it shall
and may be lawful for the said Secretary of State, to cause letters patent
to be made out in the name of the United States, bearing teste by the
is limited to a few persons, or even to the first inventor himself, or is kept a secret by the first inventor.
Reed v. Cutter, 1 Story's C. C. R. a90. See Stone v. Sprague, I Story's C. C. Rt. 270.
Infringement of a Patent Right.-By the provisions of the act of Congress of April 17, 1800, citizens
and aliens as to patent rights, are placed substantially on the same ground. In either case, if the invention
was known or used by the public before it was patented, the patent is void. Shaw a. Cooper, 7 Peters,
292.
No matter by what means an invention may have been communicated before the patent was obtained:
any acquiescence by the inventor in the public use, will be an abandonment of the right. If the right
were asserted by him who fraudulently obtained it, perhaps no lapse of time could give it validity. But
the public stand in an entirely different relation to the inventor. This right -would be secured by giving
public notice that he was the inventor of the thing used, and that he should apply for a patent. Ibid.
A strict construction of the act of Congress, as it respects the public use of the invention, is not only
required by its letter and spirit, but sound policy. Ibid.
The question of abandonment by the inventor does not depend on the intention of the inventor. If
without any intention, he suffers his invention to go to the public, he has no right to a patent. Ibid.
Under the patent act of 1793, if the patentee has sold out a moiety of his patent, a joint action lies
by his vendee and himself, for a violation of the patent. Whittemore v. Cutter, I Gallis. C. C. R. 429.
By the term ,actual damage," which the plaintiff may recover under the patent law, is meant such
damages as he can actually prove, and has in fact sustained as contradistinguished from mere imaginary
or vindictive damages, which in personal torts are sometimes given. Ibid.
If there he a mere making, and no use proved, nominal damages are to be recovered. 'The rule of
damages, if the use of the machine be proved, should be the value of the use of the machine during the
time the use was proved. Ibid.
In an action for the infringement of a patent right, the law gives to a -plaintiff treble the actual dam-
ages sustuilned by him; and thd rule is to allow him treble the amount of the profits actually received by
the defendant, in consequence of his using the plaintiff's invention. Lowell v. Lewis, I Mason's C. C.
R. 182.
The jury are to find single damages, and the court are to treble them. Gray et al. V. James, Peters's
C. C. Rt. 394.
A patent maybe for a new combination of nmachines to produce certain effects; and this,.whether the
machines constituting the combination be new or not. But in such a case, the patent being for the com-
bination oply, it is no infringement of the patent to use any of the machines separately, if the whole
combination be not used. Barrett et al. v. Hall et al., I Mason's C. C. ft. 447.
Where a party claims several distinct, independent improvements in the same machine, and procures
a patent for them in the aggregate, he is entitled to recover against any person who shall use any one of
the improvements so patented, notwithstanding there shall have been no violation of the other improve-
nients. Moody v. Fiske et al., 2 Mason's C. C. ft. 112.
The jury may, in an action for the infringement of a patent, give the plaintiff, as a part of his actual
damages, such expenses for counsel fees, &o., as have been actually incurred in vindicating his right by
suit, and which are not taxable in the bill of costs. Boston Manufacturing Company v. Fiske et al., 2
Mason's C. C. R. 119.
A patentee of an invention, notwithstanding he had given away his invention to another, may recover
for the violation of his patent; not having assigned away his whole title and interest in it, and no deed of
assignment having been recorded in the office of the Secretary of State. Parke v. Little, 3 Wash. C. C.
ft. 196.
Proceedingsand Pleadingsin actions for the violation of Patent Rights.-Jn the case of a rule before
the district judge, to show cause why a patent should not be repealed, a record is to be made of the
proceedings antecedent to the rule to show cause why process should not issue to repeal the patent, and
upon which the rule was granted, 'Ex parte Wood and Brundage, 9 Wheat. 603; 5 Cond. Rep. 702.
The proceedings under the 10th section of the act of 1793, are in the nature of a scirc facias at com-
mon law, to repeal a patent. Stearns v. Barrett, I Mason's C. C. It. 153.
The scire facias in such a case ought to contain a direct allegation or suggestion that the patent was
obtained surreptitiously or upon false suggestion ; 'and'to call upon the defendant for that cause only, to
show cause why the patent should not be repealed. Ibid.
On an applicatidn for an ininction to restrain the infringement of a patent right, it should be stated in
the bill, or by affidavit, that ihe complainant is the inventor, and the bill' must be sworn to : it is not
sufficient that this fact was sworn to when the patent was obtained. Sullivan V. Redfield, Paine's C. C.
R. 441. See Cutting v. Meyers, 4 Wash. C. C. R. 220. Pettibone v. Derringer, 4 Wash. C. C. t. 215.
Dixon v. Moyer, 4 Wash. C. C. R. 68.
In an action for a violation of a patent right, it is sufficient, under the plea of the general issue, to
give notice that the plaintiff is not the inventor of the machine for which the patent has been obtained,
if that constitutes the defence; without stating in the notice who was the inventor, or who had previonsly
used the machine. Evans v. Kremer, Peters's C. C. R. 215. See Prouty v. Reynolds, 16 Peters, 336.
In an action for an infringement of a patent right, evidence that the invention of the defendsnt is better
than that of the plaintiff, is improper; except to show a substantial difference between the two inventions.
Alden v. Dewey, 1 Story's C. C. ft. 336.
Evidence in actionsfor theviolation of Patent-Rights.-Underthe sixth section of the patent law of Feb.
1793, the defendant pleaded the general issue and gave notice that he would prove at the trial, that the
niachine for the use of which, without license, the suit was brought, had been used previous to the alleged
invention at several places which were specified in the notices or some of them, and also at sundry other
places in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and elsewhere, in the United States. The defendant having given evi-
dence as to some of the places specified; held, that evidence as to the other places was admissible, but

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. II. Cu. 11. 1793.
President of the United States, reciting the allegations and suggestions To bear teste
~dent, of the said invention
of the said petition, and giving a short description d theandPresi-
or discovery, and thereupon granting to such petitioner, or petitioners,
his, her, or their heirs, administrators or assigns, for a term not exceed-
ing fourteen years, the full and exclusive right and liberty of making,
constructing, using, and vending to others to be used, the said invention
or discovery, which letters patent shall be delivered to the Attorney be examined by
General of the United States, to be examined; who, within fifteen days the Attorney
after such delivery, if he finds the same conformable to this act, shall General.
certify accordingly, at the foot thereof, and return the same to the Secre-
tary of State, who shall present the letters patent thus certified, to be
signed, and shall cause the seal of the United States to be thereto affixed :
and the same shall be good and available to the grantee or grantees, by
force of this act, and shall be recorded in a book, to be kept for that
purpose, in the office of the Secretary of State, and delivered to the 1800 eb. 25.
patentee or his order.
SEc. 2. Provided always, and be -it further enacted, That any person, The liberty of
who shall have discovered • an improvement in the principle of any using an in-
provement de-
machine, or in the process of any composition of matter, which shall fined.
have been patented, and shall have obtained a patent for such improve-
ment, he shall not be at liberty to make, use or vend the original disco- Changing the
very, nor shall the first inventor be at liberty to use the improvement : form or
tions of' propor-
any
And it is hereby enacted and declared, that simply changing the form or machine c. not
the proportions of any machine, or composition of matter, in any degree, to be a discov-
shall not be deemed a discovery. ery.
SEc. 3. And be itfurther enacted, That every inventor, before he can How to pro-
receive a patent, shall swear or affirm, that he does verily believe, that he ceed to obtain
is the true inventor or discoverer of the art, machine, or improvement, letters patent.
for which he solicits a patent, which oath or affirmation may be made isoo, ch. 25,
before any person authorized to administer oaths, and shall deliver a see. 2.
written description of his invention, and of the manner of using, or pro-
cess of compounding the same, in such full, clear and exact terms, as to Specification.
distinguish the same from all other things before known, and to enable
any person skilled in the art or science, of which it is a branch, or with
which it is most nearly connected, to make, compound, and use the
same. And in the case of any machine, he shall fully explain the prin-
ciple, and the several modes in which he has contemplated the applica-
that the court possesses the power, which will -be exercised, to prevent the plaintiff being injured by sur.
prise. Evans v. Eaton, 3 Wheat. 454; 4 Cond. Rep. 291.
It is no objection to the competency of a witness in a patent cause that he is sued in another action for
the infringement of the patent. Evans v. Hettich, 7 Wheat. 453; 5 Cond. Rep. 317.
The sixth section of the patent act does not enumerate all te defences of which the defendant may
legally avail himself. He may give in evidence that he never did the act attributed to him : that the pa-
tentee is an alien, not entitled under the act ; or that he has a license or authority from the patentee.
Whittemore v. Cutter, 1 GalPis. C. C. Rt. 429.
It is a, presumption of law, thatwhere a patent and the specifications and drawings have been recorded in
the patent office, every person who takes out a patent for a similar machine has a knowledge of the pre.
ceding patent. Odiorne v. Winkley, 2 Gallis. C. C. R. 51i; Stearns v. Barrett, I Mason's C. C. R. 153;
Kneas v. The Schuylkill Bank, 4 Wash. C. C. R. 106.
There is no limitation to the ground on which the defendant, under the general issue may give in evi-
dence that the patentee was not the original inventor. Evans v. Eaton, Peters, C. C. R. 322.
Surrenderand Repeal of Patents.-The holder of a defective patent may surrender it to the department
of state, and obtain a new one, which shall have relation to the emanation of the first. Shaw v. Cooper,
7 Peters 292.
The great object and intention Wfthe act granting patents for useful inventions is to secure to the public
the advantage to be derived from the discoveries of individuals, and the means it employs are the com-
pensation to those individuals for the time or labour devoted to those discoveries, by the exclusive right
to make and sell the thing discovered for a limited time. Grant v. Raymond, 6 Peters, 218.
One who has patented his invention cannot take out a new patent for the same invention until the first
is surrendered, repealed, or declared void. Morris v. Huntington, Paine's C.C. R. 348.
The obstacle of an invalid patent may be removed by having it declared void after a verdict against
it, or by having a vacatur entered, exparte, in the office of the Secretary of State, on a surrender of the
patent. But the provisions of the sixth section of the act do not enable a patentee to declare his own
patent
t
void; and a verdict in a suit on the second patent in favour of such patent does not avoid sh,
firs patent. 1bid.
VOL. 1--4 1

22 SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. II. CH. 11. 1793.
Specification. tion of that principle or character, by which it may be distinguished
from other inventions; and he shall accompany the whole with drawings
and written references, where the nature of the case admits of drawings,
or with specimens of the ingredients, and of the composition of matter,
sufficient in quantity for the purpose of experiment, where the invention
is of a composition of matter ; which description, signed by himself and
attested by two witnesses, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of
State, and certified copies thereof shall be competent evidence, in all
courts, where any matter or thing, touching such patent-right, shall
come in question. And such inventor shall, moreover, deliver a model
of his machine, provided, the secretary shall deem such model to be
necessary.
'Inventors may Sac. 4. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for any
assign
ties.
their t - inventor, his executor or administrator to assign the title and interest in
Record of as. the said invention, at any time, and the assignee having recorded the
signment to be said assignment, in the office of the Secretary of State, shall thereafter
fiee of the Sec- stand in the place of the original inventor, both as to right and responsi-
retary of State. bility, and so the assignees of assigns, to any degree.
Forfeiture on Se. 5. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall make,
using patented
tnventions with.
devise and use, or sell the thing so invented, the exclusive right of
out leave. which shall, as aforesaid, have been secured to any person by patent,
1800, ch. 2, § 4. without the consent of the patentee, his executors, administrators or
assigns, first obtained in writing, every person so offending, shall forfeit
Three times and pay to the patentee, a sum, that shall be at least equal to three times
the price to be the price, for which the patentee has usually sold or licermed to other
the penalty.
How recovered, persons, the use of the said invention; which may be recovered in an
action on the case founded on this act, in the circuit court of the United
States, or any other court having competent jurisdiction.
How defend. Sac. 6. Providedalways, and be it further enacted, That the defend-
ants ma giye ant in such action shall be permitted to plead the general issue, and give
this act in evi-
dence, this act and any special matter, of which notice in writing may have
been given to the plaintiff or his attorney, thirty days before trial, in
evidence, tending to prove, that the specification, filed by the plaintiff,
does not contain the whole truth relative to his discovery, or that it con-
tains more than is necessary to produce the described effect, which
concealment or addition shall fully appear to have been made, for the
purpose of deceiving the public, or that the thing, thus secured by
patent, was not originally discovered by the patentee, but had been in
use, or had been described in some public work anterior to the sup-
posed discovery of the patentee, or that he had surreptitiously obtained a
And judgment patent for the discovery of another person: in either of which cases,
shall.be given. judgment shall be rendered for the. defendant, with costs, and the patent
shall be declared void.
State rights to SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That where any state, before its
inventions when adoption of the present form of government, shall have granted an
to be deemed exclusive right to any invention, the party, claiming that right, shall not
void. ivnin atrgt
be capable of obtaining an exclusive right under this act, but on relin-
quishing his right under such particular state, and of such relinquish.
ment his obtaining an exclusive right under this act shall be sufficient
evidence.
How spplica- SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That the persons, whose applica-
tions depending tions for patents, were, at the time of passing this act, depending before
uniter former t
lat shall e pro- the Secretary of State, Secretary at War, and Attorney General, accord-
secnted under ing to the act, passed the second session of the first Congress, intituled
this aet. " An act to promote the progress of useful arts," on complying with the
1700. ch. 7. conditions of this act, and paying the fees herein required, may pursue
their respective claims to a patent under the same.
Proceedings Sac. 9. And be it further enacted, That in case of' interfering appli-
to be had on in. cations, the same shall be submitted to the arbitration of three persons,

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. IT. CH. 11. 1793.
one oP whom shall be chosen by each of the applicants, and the third terfering appli.
person shall be appointed by the Secretary of State; and the decision cations.
or award of such arbitrators, delivered to the Secretary of State, in
writing and subscribed by them, or any two of them, shall be final, as far
as respects the granting of the patent : And if either of the applicants
shall refuse or fail to chuse an arbitrator, the patent shall issue to the
opposite party. And where there shall be more than two interfering
applications, and the parties applying shall not all unite in appointing
three arbitrators, it shall be in the power of the Secretary of State to
appoint three arbitrators for the purpose.
SEc. 10. And be it further enacted, That upon oath or affirmation And against
being made, before the judge of the district court, where the patentee, persons surrep-
his executors, administrators or assigns reside, that any patent, which titiously obtain-
ing patents.
shall be issued in pursuance of this act, was obtained surreptitiously, or
upon false suggestion, and motion made to the said court, within three
years after issuing the said patent, but not afterwards, it shall and may
be lawful for the judge of the said district court, if the matter alleged
shall appear to him to be sufficient, to grant a rule, that the patentee, or
his executor, administrator or assign show cause, why process should
not issue against him to repeal such patent. And if sufficient cause
shall not be shown to the contrary, the rule shall be made absolute, and
thereupon the said judge shall order process to be issued against such
patentee, or his executors, administrators or assigns, with costs of suit.
And in case no sufficient cause shall be shown to the contrary, or if
it shall appear, that the patentee was not the true inventor or discoverer, Repeal of a
judgment shall be rendered by such court for the repeal of such patent; patent illegally
and if the party, at whose complaint, the process issued, shall have obtained.
judgment given against him, he shall pay all such costs, as the defendant
shall be put to, in defending the suit, to be taxed by the court, and
recovered in due course of law.
SEc. 11. And be it futther enacted, That every inventor, before he Inventor .be-
presents his petition to the Secretary of State, signifying his desire of fore presenting
petition to pay
obtaining a patent, shall pay into the treasury thirty dollars, for which $30 into the
he shall take duplicate receipts; one of which receipts he shall deliver treasury.
to the Secretary of State, when he presents his petition; and the money,
thus paid, shall be in full for the sundry services, to be performed in the
office of the Secretary of State, consequerit on such petition, and shall
pass to the account of clerk-hire in that office. Provided nevertheless,
That for every copy, which may be required at the said office, of any Copying fees.
paper respecting any patent, that has been granted, the person, obtaining
such copy, shall pay, at the rate of twenty cents, for every copy-sheet of
one hundred words, and for every copy of a drawing, the party obtaining
the same, shall pay two dollars; of which phyments, an account shall be
rendered, annually, to the treasury of the United States, and they shall
also pass to the :Rccount of clerk hire in the office of the Secretary of
State.
Sc.12. And be it further enacted, That the act, passed the tenth day Act of April
of April, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety, intituled 10, 1790, oh.7,
"'An act to promote the progress of useful arts," be, and the same is repealed.
hereby repealed. Provided always, That nothing, contained in this act, Proviso.
shall be construed to invalidate any patent, that may have been granted
under the authority of the said act; and all patentees under the said act,
their executors, administrators and assigns, shall be considered within
the purview of this act, in respect to the violation of their rights; pro-
vided, such violations shall be committed, after the passing of this act.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. Ca. 15, 16, 17. 1793.
STATUTE II.
Feb. 27,1793. CHAP. XV.- n .dctfor repealing the several impnst laws of the United States, so
far as they may be deemed to impose a duty on useful beasts imported for breed.
Duty on beasts Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
imported for , United States of America in Congress assembled, That the several laws
breed, to be re-
pealed. of the United States, imposing duties on goods, wares and merchandise
imported into the United States, so far as they may be deemed to impose
1799, ch. 22, a duty on horses, cattle, sheep, swine or other useful beasts, imported
sec. 94. into the United States, for breed, shall be repealed.
STATUTE II.
Feb. 27, 1793. CHAP. XVI.-n SBet inadditionto, and alteration of the SBet, entitled "Sn .Bet
to extend the time limited for settling the Sacounts of the United States with
the individualStates."
Second see. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of act extending of the' United States of America in Congress assembled, That the second
powers of the
board of com- section of the act, entitled "An act to extend the time limited for set-
missioners re- tling the accounts of the United States with the individual States,"
pealed. which extended the powers of the board of commissioners to the settle-
1792, eh. 5. ment of the accounts between the United States and the state of Ver-
mont, be and hereby is repealed.
Vermont not SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the board of commissioners
to be regarded established to settle the accounts between the United States and the
in apportioning
balances, individual states, in apportioning the aggregate of all the balances due
to each state, between the states, agreeably to the act, entitled "An
Act ofrAuust act to provide more effectually for the settlement of the accounts between
5, 1790, oh. 38. the United States and the individual states," shall have no regard to the
state of Vermont.
and Kentucky SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That in the apportioning of the
to be included balances aforesaid, the state of Kentucky shall be deemed to be included
with Virginia.
in the state of Virginia, the admission of the said state of Kentucky as
a member of the Union notwithstanding.
STATUTE II.
Feb. 28, 1793. CHAP. XVII.-Sn Act to regulate the Claims to Invalid Pensions.
WHEREAS the act, passed at the last sessio 1 of Congress, intituled "An
1792, ch. 11. act to provide for the settlement of the claims of widows and orphans
barred by the limitations heretofore established, and to regulate the
claims to invalid pensions," is found by experience inadequate to pre-
vent the admission of improper'claims to invalid pensions, and not to
contain a sufficient facility for the allowance of such as may be well
founded: Therefore,
Sections of SECTION 1. Be it enacted by -the Senate and House of Representatives
certain former of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the second,
act repealed. f
third and fourth sections of the said act, be repealed, and that in future,
all claims to such pensions shall be regulated in the manner following,
to wit :
Evidence re- First.-AIl evidence relative to Invalids shall be taken upon oath or
lative to inva- affirmation, before the judge of the district, in which such invalids
reside, or before any three persons specially authorized by Commission
from the said judge.

Evidence. Secondly.-The evidence relative to any claimant must prove decisive
disability to have been the effect of known wounds, received while in
the actual line of his duty, in the service of 'the United States, during
the late wr; That this evieknCe'inut be the affidavits of the com-
tnanding officer or surgeon of tme ship, regiment, corps or company, in

SECOND CONGRESS. Siss. IL Cn. 18. 1793.
which such claimant served, or two other credible witnesses, to the same Evidence how
effect, setting forth the time and place of such known wound. taken.
Thirdly.-Every claimant shall be examined upon oath or affirmation,
by two physicians or surgeons, to be authorized by commission from the
said judge, who shall report, in writing, their opinion, upon oath or
affirmation, of the nature of the said disability, and, in what degree, it
prevents the claimant from obtaining his livelihood, by labor.
Fourthly.-Every claimant shall produce evidence of the time of his
leaving the service of the United States. He must also produce evi-
dence of three reputable freeholders of the city, town or county, in
which he usually resided for the two years immediately after he left the
service, as aforesaid, of the existence of his disability, during-that
period; and ascertaining, of their own knowledge, the mode of life, em-
ployment, labour or means of support of the claimant.
Fifthly.-And the said claimant must produce the evidence of two
credible witnesses, of the continuance of his disability, from the expi-
ration of the said two years, to the time of his application.
Sixthly.-Each claimant must show a good and sufficient cause why
he did not apply for a pension to the person or persons authorized to
examine his claim, on or before the eleventh of December, one thousand
seven hundred and eighty-eight, the time limited for applications of this
nature.
Seventhly.-No evidence of any claimant shall be admitted whose
slaim has been examined and rejected, on or before the aforesaid
eleventh of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the judge of the district shall District judgs
transmit a list of such claims, accompanied by the evidence herein to transmit list
ofclaims to Sec.
directed, to the Secretary for the department of War, in order that the rotary at War,
same may be compared with the muster-rolls, and other documents in his
office; and the said Secretary shall make a statement of the cases of the by whpm they
said claimants to Congress, with such circumstances and remarks, as are to be stated
may be necessary, in order to enable them to take such order thereon, as to Congress.
they may judge proper.
Sac. 3. And be it further enacted, That no person not on the pension- How persons
list, before the twenty-third day of March, one thousand seven hundred shalla
to bepension
entitled
and ninety-two, shall be entitled to a pension, who shall not have com- under this ant.
however
plied with the rules and regulations herein prescribed; saving
to all persons, all and singular their rights founded upon legal adjudica-
tions under the act, intituled " An act to provide for the settlement of March 23,1792,
the claims of widows and orphans, barred by the limitations heretofore ch. 11.
established, and to regulate the claims to invalid pensions :" But it shall
be the duty of the Secretary at War, in conjunction with the Attorney Duty of See.
General, to take such measures as may be necessary to obtain an adju- retary at War,
dication of the Supreme Court of the United States, on the validity of and Attorney
any such rights claimed under the act aforesaid, by the determination of General.
certain persons styling themselves comv_.' sioners.
Sac. 4. And be it further enacted, That no claim to a pension shall Limitation of
be allowed under this act, which shall not be presented within two years claims under
from the passingh-te same. this act.
STATUTE IL
OHAP. XVIII.-An ct making appropriationsfor the support of Government Feb. 28,1793.

for the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
SETcIN 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Expired.]
tines of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That for Specific ap-
the service of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three propriations for
there be appropriated a sum of money, not exceeding one million five the year 1793.
2E

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. 11 CH. 18. 1793.
Specificappro- hundred and eighty-nine thousand, and forty-four dollars, and seventy-
priations for two cents; that is to say:
he year 1793. For the compensations granted by law to the President and Vice-
President of the United States, thirty thousand dollars: For the like
compensations to the members of the Senate and House of Representa-
tives, their officers and attendants, estimated for a session of six months
continuance, one hundred and forty-three thousand, five hundred and
ninety-one dollars: For the salaries of the doorkeepers and assistant
doorkeepers of the Senate and House of Representatives, under the act
for their compensation, passed the twelfth of April, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-two, one thousand two hundred and thirty-three
dollars, and sixty-eight cents: For the expenses of firewood, stationery,
printing work, and all other contingent expenses of the two Houses of
Congress, nine thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars: For, making
good a deficiency in the appropriation, in the year one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-two, for contingent expenses in the office of the
clerk of the House of Representatives, five hundred and seventy-eight
dollars: For the compensations granted by law, to the chief-justice,
associate judges, district judges, and the attorney general, forty-three
thousand two hundred dollars: For the additional salary of the attorney
general, by the act of the eighth of May, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-two, two hundred and sixty dollars and eighty-two cents:
For defraying the expense of clerks of courts, jurors and witnesses, in
aid of the fund arising from fines, forfeitures and penalties, twelve thou-
sand dollars: For defraying the expenses of prosecutions for offences
against the United States, and for the safe keeping of prisoners, four
thousand dollars: For compensation to the secretary of the treasury,
clerks and persons employed in his office, eight thousand three hundred
and fifty dollars: For salary of the two principal clerks to the secretary
of the treasury, from the eighth of May to the thirty-first of December,
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, one thousand and forty-
three dollars and twenty-eight cents : For expense of stationery, print-
ing, and all other contingent expenses in the office of the secretary of
the treasury, five hundred dollars: For compensation to the comptroller
of the treasury, clerks and persons employed in his office, nine thousand
four hundred and fifty dollars: For the increased salary of the comp-
troller, from the eighth of May to the thirty-first of December, one thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-two, two hundred and sixty dollars and
eighty-two cents: For expense of stationery, printing and all other con-
tingent eipenses in the comptroller's office, six hundred dollars: For
compensation to the auditor of the treasury, clerks and persons em-
ployed in his office, ten thousand four hundred and fifty dollars: For
the increased salary of the auditor, from the eighth of May to the thirty-
first of December one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, two hun-
dred and sixty dollars and eighty-two cents: For expense of stationery,
printing, and other contingent expenses, in the auditor's office, six hun-
dred dollars: For compensation to the register of the treasuryV, clerks
and persons employed in his office, eighteen thousand six hundred
dollars: For the increased salary of the register of the treasury, from the
eighth of May to the thirty-first of December, one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-two, three hundred and twenty-six dollars and three
cents, and for making good the deficiency in the appropriation of one
thousand seven hundred and nifiety-two, one hundred dollars; making,
in the whole, four hundred and twenty-six dollars and three cents: For
expenses of stationery, printing and other contingent expenses, in the
register's office, two thousand dollars: For compensation to the trea-
surer, clerks and persons employed in his office, four thousand one hun-
dred dollars: For the increased salary of the treasurer, from the eighth
of May to the thirty-first of December, one thousand seven hundred and

ninety-two, and for making good a deficiency in the appropriation of propriations

Specifie ap-
for
the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, for clerks in that the year 1793.
office, five hundred and thirty dollars and sixty-eight cents: For expense
of firewood, stationery, printing and other contingencies in the treasurer's
office, four hundred and, fifty dollars: For compensation to the commis-
sioner of the revenue, clerks and persons employed in his office, four
thousand one hundred dollars: For the salary of the commissioner of
the revenue, clerks and persons employed in that. office, from the estab-
lishment thereof, to the thirty-first of December, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-two, including also contingent expenses to the same
time, two thousand eight-hundred and seventy-three dollars and forty-six
cents: For the expense of stationery, printing and other contingent ex-
penses in the office of the commissioner, three hundred dollars: To
make good the deficiency in the appropriation of the year one thousand
seven hundred and ninety-two, for the contingent expenses of the trea-
sury department, two thousand four hundred dollars: For the payment
of rent for the several houses employed in the treasury department, one
thousand four hundred and eighty-nine dollars and ninety-nine centsf
For wood and candles in the several offices in the treasury department
(except the treasurer's office) one thousand two hundred dollars: For
compensations to the several loan officers, thirteen thousand two hun-
dred and fifty dollars: For defraying the expenses of stationery, and
for hire of clerks in the offices of the several commissioners of loans,
to the first of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three,
authorized by the act of the eighth of May one thousand seven hundred 1792, ch. 38.
and ninety-two, thirty-two thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine
dollars and ninety-five cents: To make good deficiencies in former
appropriations, for similar expenses, one thousand six hundred and fifty
dollars: For compensation to the secretary of state, clerks and other
persons employed in his office, six thousAnd three hundred dollars: For
defraying the expense of collecting the laws of the several states, publ-
lishing and distributing the laws of Congress, and all other expenses in
the office of the secretary of state, one thousand eight hundredand fifty-
one dollars and sixty-seven cents: To make good a deficiency, in the ap-
propriation of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, for
the contingent expenses in this office, ninety-three dollars and thirty-four
cents: For compensation to the commissioners fr settlement of the
accounts between the United States and the individual states, clerks
and persons-employed in their office, six thousand six hundred and fifty
dollars: For defraying the contingent expenses of the board of com-
missioners, four hundred and seven dollars: For compensations to the
governors, secretaries and judges of the territory northwest, and the
territory south of the river Ohio, ten thousand three hundred dollars:
For expenses of stationery, office rent, printing patents for lands, and
other contingent expenses in both the said territories,seven hundred
dollars: For the payment of the pensions granted to invalids, eighty-
two thousand, two hundred and forty-five dollars, and thirty-two cents:
For payment of the annual allowance granted by Congress to Baron
Steuben, two thousand five hundred dollars: For payment of sundry
pensions granted by the late government, two thousand seven hundred
and sixty-seven dollars, and seventy-three cents: For the maintenance
and repair of lighthouses, beacons, piers, stakes and buoys, twenty thou-
sand dollars: For the farther expense of building and equipping ten
cutters, three thousand dollars: For the purchase of hydrometers, for 1791, c. 15,
the use of the officers of the customs and inspectors of the revenue, one sec. 37.
thousand five hundred dollars: To make good the deficiency in the
appropriation of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two,
for the purchase of hydrometers, six hundred and ten dollars, and ten
cents: For the payment of sjich demands, not otherwise provided for,

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. Ii. Cr. 18 '1793.
Specific ap. as shall have been duly allowed by the officers of the treasury, five thou-
propriations
the year 1793.
for sand one hundred and sixty-nine dollars: For compensation to the
secretary of war, clerks and persons employed in his office,
seven thou-
sand and fifty dollars: For the increased salary of the chief clerk in the
war department, from the eighth of May, to the thirty first of December,
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, one hundred and thirty
dollars and forty-one cents: For expenses of firewood, stationery, print-
ing and other contingent expenses in the office of the secretary of war,
six hundred dollars: For compensation to the accountant to the war
department and clerks in his office, four thousand two hundred dollars:
For salary to the accountant, clerks, and for contingent expenses in that
office, from the establishment thereof, to the thirty first of December,
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, one thousand one hundred
and sixty-five dollars and eighty-nine cents: For contingent expenses
in the office of the accountant to the war department, three hundred
dollars: For payment of four years rent for the buildings occupied for
offices of the secretary of war and accountant, one thousand six hundred
and sixty-six dollars, and sixty-six cents: For salaries of the store-
keepers at the several arsenals, rents for the buildings occupied as maga-
zines, for payment of the labourers, coopers, armorers and other persons
employed in taking care of the ordnance, arms and military stores,
seven thousand eight hundred and thirty-five dollars and thirty-two
cents: For five hundred rifles, purchased in the year one thousand
seven hundred and ninety-two, six thousand dollars: For expense of
repairing arms, equipments of cannon, cartridge-boxes, swords and every
other article in the ordnance department, ten thousand dollars: For
defraying the expenses of the Indian department, fifty thousand dollars:
For the pay of the troops authorized by law, three hundred and four
thousand, three hundred and eight dollars: For subsistence, three hun-
dred and twelve thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven dollars, and
seventy-five cents.: For forage, thirty-four thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six dollars: For clothing, one hundred and twelve thousand dol-
lars: For equipments for cavalry, five thousand dollars: For horses
for cavalry, five thousand dollars: For hospital department, twenty-five
thousand dollars: For quartermaster's department, one hundred thou-
sand dollars: For maps, hiring expresses, allowance to officers for ex-
tra expenses, printing, loss of stores, advertising, apprehending deserters,
and every other contingent expense in the war department, thirty thou-
sand dollars: For the defensive protection of the frontiers, fifty thou-
sand dollars: For the payment of bounties, fifteen thousand two hun-
dred and forty dollars.
Out of what SEC. 2. And be it frther enacted, That the several appropriations
funds payable. herein before made shall be paid and discharged out of the funds follow-
ing to wit:
1'irst.-The sum ox six hundred thousand dollars reserved by the act
1790, ch. 34. making provision for the debt of the United States. Secondly.-The
surplus, which may remain unexpended, of the monies appropriated for
the use of the war department, in the year one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-two. And, thirdly.-The surplus of the existing revenues
of the United States, to the end of the year,.one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-three, except what may be otherwise appropriated, during the
present session of Congress.
President may SEC.3. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United
eorrowiot ex- States be authorized to borrow, on account of the said states, any sum
ceedin~g
$s00,600. or sums, not exceeding, in the whole, eight hundred thousand dollars, at
a rate of interest not exceeding five per centum per annum, and.reim-
bursable at the pleasure of the United States, to be applied for the 'pur-
On what terms poses aforesaid, and to be repaid out of the said surplus of the d'uties on.
and of whom. imports and tonnage, to the end of the present year, one thousand seven

SECOND CONGRESS. S~ss. I. Ca. 19. 1793. 329
hundred and ninety-three: And that it shall be lawful for the Bank of Loan made of
of the United the bank, how
the United States, to lend the said sum. And the President
the Bank of the United to be paid off.
States shall cause so much of the loan, made of
States, pursuant to the eleventh section of the act, by which it is incor-
porated, to be paid off, in sums not less than fifty thousand dollars, as,
in his opinion, the state of the treasury may, from time to time, admit,
out of any monies which" may be in the treasury, having due regard to
the exigencies of government, and the appropriations made and to be
made, by law.
ArraoVED, February 28, 1793.
STATUTE 11,
CHAP. XIX.-.#n l2ct to regulate Trade and Intercourse with the Indian Tribes. March 1, 1793.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives [Repealed.]
of the United Status of America in Congress assembled, That no person May 19, 1796,
shall be permitted to carry on any trade or intercourse with the Indian cb. 30.
tribes, without a license under the hand and sea] of the superintendent the Trade with
Indian tribes
of the department, or of such other person, as the President of the United to be under li-
States shall authorize to grant licenses for that purpose; which superin- censes.
tendent, or person so authorized shall, on application, issue such license, 1790, ch. 33.
for a term not exceeding two year's, to any proper person, who shall en-
ter into bond with one or more sureties approved of by the superintend-
ent, or person issuing such license, or by the President of the United
States, in the penal sum of one thousand dollars, payable to the United
States, conditioned for the true and faithful observance of such rules,
regulations and restrictions, as are or shall be made, for the government
of trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes. The said superintend-
ents, and persons licensed, as aforesaid, shall be governed, in all things
touching the said trade and intercourse, by such rules and regulations,
as the President of the United States shall prescribe.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That thq superintendent, or person Power of the
issuing such license, shall have full power and authority to recall the person granting
same, if the person so licensed shall transgress any of the regulations or such licenses.
restrictions, provided for the government of trade and intercourse with
the Indian tribes, and shall put in suit such bonds, as he may have taken,
on the breach of any condition therein contained.
SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That every person, who -shall Forfeiture on,
attempt to trade with the Indian tribes, or shall be found in the Indian attempting to
trade without
country, with such merchandise in his possession, as are usually vended a license.
to the'Indians, without lawful license, shall forfeit all the merchandise
offered for sale to the Indians, or found in his possession, in the Indian
country, and shall, moreover, be liable to a fine not exceeding one hun-
dred dollars, and to imprisonment not exceeding thirty days, at the dis-
cretion of the court, in which the trial shall be: Provided; That 'ny
citizen of the United States, merely travelling through any Indian town
or territory, shall be at, liberty to purchase,. by exchange or otherwise,
such articles as may be necessary for his subsistence, without incurring
any penalty.
' SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That if any citizen or inhabitant Punishment
of the United States, or of either of the territorial districts of the United on committing
crimes against
States, shall go into any town, settlement, or territory, belonging to any friendly Indians.
nation or tribe of Indians, and shall there commit.murder, robbery,
larceny, trespass or other crime, against the person or property of any
friendly Ildian or Indians, which, if committed within the jurisdiction of
any state, or within the jurisdiction of-either of the said districts, against
a citizen thereof, would be punishable by the laws of such state or dis-
trict, such offender sl be subject to the same punishment, as if the
offence had been committed within the state or district, to which he or
shtr may belong,.against a citizen thereof.
Voi. 1.-4-2 2t2

U31) SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II., CH. 19. 1793.
Forfeiture in Sac. 5. And be it further enacted, That if any such citizen or
cases on settle, inhabitant shall make a settlement on lands belonging to any Indian
meat on their
lands, tribe, or shall survey such lands, or designate their boundaries, by
marking trees, or otherwise, for the purpose of settlement, he shall forfeit
a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars, nor less than one hundred
dollars, and suffer imprisonment not exceeding twelve months, in the dis-
cretion of the court, before whom the trial shall be: And it shall, more-
over, be lawful for the President of the United States, to take such
measures, as he may judge necessary, to remove from lands belonging to
any Indian tribe, any citizens or inhabitants of the United States, who
have made, or shall hereafter make, or attempt to make a settlement
thereon.
Horses not to Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That no person shall be permitted
be purchased of to purchase any horse of an Indian, or of any white man in the Indian
Indians without
license, territory, without special license for that purpose; which license, the
superintendent, or such other person, as the President shall appoint, is
hereby authorized to grant, on the same terms, conditions and restric-
tions, as other licenses are to be granted under this act: Provided also,
That every person, who shall purchase a horse or horses, under such
license, before he exposes such horse or horses for sale, and within fifteen
days after they shall have been brought out of the Indian country, shall
make a particular return, to the superintendent, or other person, from
whom he obtained his license, of every horse by him purchased, as afore-
said, describing such horses, by their color, height and other natural or
artificial marks, under the penalties contained in their respective bonds.
And every person, purchasing a horse or horses, as aforesaid, in the
Indian country, without a special license, shall, for every horse thus pur-
chased and brought into any settlement of citizens of the United States,
forfeit, for every horse thus purchased,. or brought from the Indian
country, a sum not more than one hundred dollars, nor less than thirty
dollars, to be recovered in any court of record having competent juris-
diction. And every person, who shall purchase a horse, knowing him to
be brought out of the Indian territory, by any person or persons not
licensed, as above, to purchase the same, shall forfeit the value of such
horse: one half for the benefit of the informant, the other half for the
use of the United States, to be recovered, as aforesaid.
Forfeitvre by SEc. 7. And be it further enacted, That no agent, superintendent,
the persons or other person authorized to grant a license to trade, or purchase horses,
granting license
tradingwith In- shall have any interest or concern in any trade with the Indians, or in
dians. the purchase or sale of any horses, to or from any Indian; and that any
person, offending herein, shall forfeit one thousand dollars, and be
imprisoned, at the discretion of the court, before which the conviction
shall be had, not exceeding twelve months.
Purchases
their of
lands in- Sec. S. And be it further enacted, That no purchase or grant of
valid unless lands, or of any title or claim thereto, from any Indians or nation or
made pursuant tribe of Indians, within the bounds of the United States, shall be of any
to the Constitu. validity in law or equity, unless the same be made by a treaty or con-
tion. vention entered into pursuant to the constitution; and it shall be a
misdemeanor, in any person not employed under the authority of the
United States, in negociating such treaty or convention, punishable by
fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceed-
ing twelve months, directly or indirectly to treat with any 'such Indians,
nation or tribe of Indians, for the title or purchase of any lands hy them
Proviso, heid, or claimed: Provided nevertheless, That' it shall be lawful for the
agent or agents of any state, who may be present at any treaty, held
with Indians under the authority of the United States, in the presence,
and with the approbation of the commissioner or commissioners of the
United States, appointed to hold the same, to propose to, and adjust with

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. II. CH. 19. . 1793.
the Indians, the compensation to be made for their claims to lands

within such state, which shall be extinguished by the treaty.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That in order to promote civiliza- President to
tion among the friendly Indian tribes, and to secure the Continuance of Indian friendly
furnish tribes,
their friendship, it shall and may be lawful for the President of the with domestic
United States, tQ cause them to be furnished with useful domestic animals, &c.
animals, and implements of husbandry, and also to furnish them with
goods or money, in such proportions, as he shall judge proper, and to
appoint such persons, from time to time, as temporary agents, to reside
among the Indians, as he shall think proper: Provided,That the whole to what amount
amount of such presents, and allowance to such agents, shall not exceed in value.
twenty thousand dollars per annum.
SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That the superior courts of each Before what
of the said territorial districts, and the circuit courts, and other courts courts crimes
against this adt
of the United States of similar jurisdiction in criminal causes in each may he tried.
district of the United States, into which any offender against this act
shall be first brought, or in which he shall be apprehended, shall have,
and are hereby invested with full power and authority, to hear and detar-
mine all crimes, offences and misdemeanors against this act; such courts
proceeding therein, in the same manner, as if such crimes, offences and
misdemeanors had been committed within the bounds of their respective
districts: And in all cases, where the punishment shall not be death,
the county courts of quarter sessions in the said territorial districts, and
the district courts of the United States, in their respective districts, shall
have, and are hereby invested, with like power to hear and determine the
same.
SEc. 11. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful President of
for the President of the United States, and for the governors of such U. S. and terri.
governors
tonial
territorial districts, respectively, on proof to thein. made, that any citizen how to proceed
or citizens of the United States, or- of the said districts, or either of on proof made
them, have been guilty of any of the said crimes, offences or misdemea- ofcrinesagainst
nors, within any town, settlement or territory, belonging to any nation this act.
or tribe of Indians, to cause such person or persons to be apprehended,
and brought into either of the United States, or of the said districts, and
to be proceeded against in due course of law. And in all cases, where
the punishment shall be death, it shall b e lawful for the governor of the
district, into which the offender may be first brought, or in which he
may be apprehended, to issue a commission of oyer and terminer to the
superior judges of the district, who shall have full power and authority
t6 hear and determine all such capital cases, in the same manner, as the
superior courts of such districts have, in their ordinary sessions : And
when the offender shall be brought into, or shall be apprehended in any
of the United States, except Kentucky, it shall be lawful for the Presi-
dent of the United States, to issue a like commission to any two judges
of the supreme court of the United States, and the judge of the district,
in which the offender may have been apprehended or first brought;
which judges, or any two of them, shall have the same jurisdiction in
sdch capital cases, as the circuit court of such district, and shall proceed
to trial and judgment, in the same manner, as such circuit court might
or could do.
SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That all fines and forfeitures, Disposition of
which shall accrue under this act, shall be, one half to the use of the fines
ures and forfeit.
under this
informant, and the other half, to the use of the United States, except act.
where the prosecution shall be first instituted on behalf of the United
States, in which case, the whole shall be to their use.
SEc. 13. And be it furthrr enacted, That nothing in this act shall be Construction
construed to prevent any trade or intercourse with Indians living on of this act de.
lands surrounded by settlements of the'citizens of the United States, and f,,e.
being within the jurisdiction of any of the individual states.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. Cn. 20. 1793.
Acts within SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That all and every other act and
the purview of
this act repeal- acts coming within the purview of this act, shall be and are hereby repealed.
ed. SEC. 15. And be it further enacted, That this act shall be in fqrce,
Limitation of for the term of two years, and from thence to the end of the then next
this act.
session of Congress, and no longer.
STATUTE II.
March 1, 1793. CHAP. XX.-.dn .et to ascertain the fees in admiralty proceedings in the Dis-
trict Courts of the United States, and for other purposes.
[Expired.] SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-

Fees in courts tiVes of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from
of admiralty of and after the first day of'May next, there shall not be taxed or adjudged
maritime juris- to any officer or other person, any greater or other fee or reward, for, or
diction, estab. pesn,0oro
lished. in respect of any service to be done or performed, in any of the district
1796, ch. 11. courts of the United States, in cases of admiralty or maritime jurisdic-
1799, ch. 19, tion, than such as is herein after specified; that is to say:
sec. 3.
Of tIe attor- Fees of the Counsellor or Attorney in the district court, in admiralty
nies. and maritime proceedings.
The stated fee for drawing and exhibiting libel, Jaim or answer in
each cause, three dollars;
Drawing interrogatories, three dollars;
And all other services in any one cause, three dollars.
lees of the Sec. 2. Fees of the clkrk of the district court, in admiralty and mari-
clerks, time causes.
1799, eh. 19, For drawing every stipulation, process, monition or subpoena, for each
see. 3. sheet containing ninety words, fifteen cents.
And for engrossing each sheet, ten cents;
Entering the return of process, fifteen cents;
Filing every libel, claim, pleading, or other paper, six cents;
Copies of the pleadings, interrogatories, depositions and exhibits,
when required, for each sheet of ninety words, ten cents;
Entering each proclamation, fifteen cents;
Entering each default, twelve cents;
Entering every rule of court, fifteen cents;
Examining each witness, and drawing his deposition, for each sheet
containing ninety words, fifteen cents;
Certifying each exhibit or writing shown to a witness, at his examina-
tion, twenty-five cents;
Drawing every decree, or decretal order, for each sheet containing
ninety words, fifteen cents;
And for entering the same in the minutes, for each sheet, as afore-
said, ten cents;
For drawing a record, or making a copy of the proceedings, for each
sheet containing ninety words, fifteen cents;
But no pleading, deposition, exhibit, or other writing, to be inserted
therein verbatim, or in hmc verba, shall be computed as any part of such
draft,
Entering a record in the register, or engrossing or copying proceed-
ings or records to be sealed or exemplified, for each sheet of nihety
words, including all the pleadings, depositions, exhibits and writings
inserted therein, ten cents;
Every certificate, twenty cents;
Entering return of appraisement or sales, for each sheet of ninety
words, ten cents;
Affixing the seal to any paper, when required, twenty-five cents;
Drawing commission to examine witnesses, for each sheet containing
ninety words, fifteen cents;

SECOND CONGRESS. SESs. II. CH. 21, 22. 1793. 333
And for engrossing the same, if on parchmenf, including the parch- Fees of the
ment, twenty cents; clerks.
And if on paper, for each sheet of ninety words, ten cents;
Swearing each witness in court, ten cents;-
For every entry or writing not mentioned or described, such allow-
ance shall be taxed, as for similar services, herein mentioned.
All money deposited in court, one and a quarter per cent.
SEC. 3. Fees of the marshal in the district court, in admiralty and Of the Mar.
maritime causes. shals.
For summoning every witness or appraiser, fifteen cents;
Making each proclamation, fifteen cents;
Serving every capias, attachment or summons, one dollar and fifty
cents ;
Travelling each mile, going only, either to serve process, or sunpuna
witnesses, ten cents;
Custody fees of a vessel, for each day, one dollar and fifty cents;
Sales, for any sum under five hundred dollars; two and an half per
cent. ; and for any larger sum, one and a quarter per cent. upon th;i
excess.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That there be allowed and taxed Allowance to
irt the supreme, circuit and district courts of the United States, in favour attendants on
of the parties obtaining judgments therein, such compensation for their supreme, cir-
cuit or district
travel and attendance, and for attornies and counsellors' fees, except in courts howto be
the district courts in cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, as are ascertained.
allowed in the supreme or-superior courts of the respective states.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That this act shall contipue and Limitation of
be in force for the term of one year, and from thence until the end of this act.
the next session of Congress thereafter, and no longer. 1796, ch. I r.
APPROVED March 1, 1793.
STATUT 1I.
CHAP. XXI.-n act making an appropriationto defray the expense of a 7eaty March 2, 1793.
with the Indians northwest of the Ohio.
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Appropriation
a sum not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars, arising from the .pense to defray ex-
or treaty
surplus of former appropriations unexpended, shall be, and the same is with certain In-
hereby appropriated to defraying the expense of negotiating and treating dians.
the river Ohio.
with tie hostile Indian tribes northwest of
SEC. 2. And-be it further enacted, That each of.the commissioners, A!lowance to
who may be appointed for managing such negotiations and treaies, ' the commis.
sioners, c
shall be entitled to an allowance, exclusive of his necessary expenses, of
eight dollars per day, during his actual service, to be paid out of the
monies so appropriated.
STATUTE II.
CHAP. XXII.-Adn Act in addition to the Set, entitled "an act to establish the March 2, 1793.
Judicial Courts of the United States."
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Attendance of
attendance of only one of the justices of the supreme Court, at the several one
judge supreme
at a cir-
circuit courts of the United States, to be hereafter held, shall be sufficient, 'cuit court
any law requiring the attendance of.two of the said justices notwithstand- deemed suffl-
ing: Provided, That it shall be lawful for the supreme court,the in cases cent, except in
render same
where special circumstances shall, in their -judgment,
necessary, to assign two of the said justices to attend the cirtuit court 1789, ch. 20.
or courts, and it shall be the duty of the justices so assigned,,to attend

accordingly. And provided also, That when only one judge of the
supreme court shall attend any circuit court and the district judge shall
be absent, or shall have been of counsel, or be concerned in interest in
1802, ch. 31. any cause, then pending, such circuit court may consist of the said judge
of the supreme court alone
Rule for giv. Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That if at any time only one judge
ing judgment in of the supreme court, and the judge of the district shall sit in a circuit
circuit courts in
certain cases. court, and upon a final hearing of a cause, or of a plea to the jurisdiction
of the court, they shall be divided in opinion, it shall be continued to the
succeeding court; and if upon the second hearing when a different judge
of the supreme court shall be present, a like division shall take place, the
district judge adhering to his former opinion, judgment shall be rendered
in conformity to the opinion of the ptesiding judge-
Judges of su- SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That the supreme couit, or when
preme court the supreme court shall not be sitting, any one of the justices thereof
may direct spe-
cial sessions of together with the judge of the district within which a special session as
circuit courts hereafter authorized shall be holden, may, direct special sessions of the
for trial of crim- circuit courts to be holden for the trial of criminal causes, at any con-
inal ekuses.
venient place within the district, nearer to the place where the offences
may be said to be committed, than the place or places, appointed by law
Duty of clerk for the ordinary sessions: That the clerk of such circuit court shall, at
in such cases; least thirty days before the commencement of such special session, cause
the time and place for holding the same, to be notified for at least three
weeks successively, in one or more of the newspapers published nearest
to the place where the session is to be holden: That all process, writs
and recognizances of every kind, whether respecting juries, witnesses,
bail or otherwise, which relate to the cases to be tried at the said special
sessions, shall be considered as belonging to such sessions, in the same
manner as if they had been issued or taken in reference thereto: That
Such sessions any special session may be adjourned to any time or times previous to
may be adjourn. the next stated meeting of the circuit court: That all business depend-
ed. ing for trial at any special court, shall at the close thereof be considered
as of course removed to the next stated term of the circuit court: And
Privilege grant. that the district courts of Maine and Kentucky, shall have like power to
ed to district
courts of Maine hold special sessions for the trial of criminal causes, as bath been here-
and Kentucky. tofore given, or is hereby given to the circuit courts, subject to the like
regulations and restrictions.
Bail for ap. SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That bail for appearance in any
pearance by
whom taken. court of the United States, in any criminal cause in which bail is by law
allowed, may be taken by any judge of the United States, any chancel-
lor, judge of a supreme or superior court, or chief or first judge of a
court of common pleas of any state, or mayor of a city in either of
them, and by any person having authority from a circuit court, or the dis-
trict courts of Maine or Kentucky to take bail; which authority, revo-
cable at the discretion of such court, any circuit court or either of the
district courts of Maine or Kentucky, may give to one or more discreet
persons learned in the law in any district for which such court is holden,
where, from the extent of the district, and remoteness of its parts from
the usual residence of any of the before named officers, such provision
shall, inthe opinion of the court, be necessary..-Provided,That nothing
herein shall be construed to extend to taking bail in any case where the
punishment for the offence may be death; nor to abridge any power
heretofore given by the laws of the United States, to any description of
persons to take bail.
Writs or ne Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That writs of ne exeat and of
exeat by whom injunction may b(- granted by any judge of the supreme court in cases
and when grant-
ed. where they might be granted by the supreme or a circuit court;(a) bit
(a) The district judges of the courts of the United States have no authority to issue writs of ne exeat.
Gernon v. Boecalije, 2 Wash. C. C. R. 130.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. IT. Ca. 23. 1793.
no writ of ne exeat shall be granted unless a suit in equity be commenced,

and satisfactory proof shall be made to the court or judge granting the
same, that the defendant designs quickly to depart from the United
States; nor shall a writ of injunction be granted to stay proceedings in
any court of a state; nor shall such writ be granted in any case without
reasonable previous notice to the adverse party, or his attorney, of the
time and place of moving for the same.
SEc. 6. And be it further enacted, That subpoenas for witnesses who Subpanas for
may be required to attend a court of the United States, in any district witnesses how
thereof, may run into any other district: Provided,That in civil causes, far to extend.
the witnesses living out of the district in which the court is holder, do
not live at a greater distance than one hundred miles from the place of
holding the same.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Courts to make
several courts of the United States, from time to time, as occasion may rules for return-
require, to make rules and orders for their respective courts directing the ing writs, &c.
returning of writs and processes, the filing of declarations and other
pleadings, the taking of rules, the entering and making up judgments
by default, and other matters in the vacation and otherwise in a manner
not repugnant to the laws of the United States, to regulate the practice
of the said courts respectively, as shall be fit and necessary for the ad-
vancement of justice, and especially to that end to prevent delays in
proceedings.
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That where it is now required Goods taken
by the laws of any state, that goods taken in execution on a wri f o writ of fert
fieri facias, shall be appraised, previous to the sale thereof, it shall be appraised.
lawful for the appraisers appointed under the authority of the state, to
appraise goods- taken in execution, on a fieri facias issued out of any
court of the United States, in the same manner as if such writ had
issued out of a court held under the authority of the state; and it shall
be the duty of the marshal, in whose custody such goods may be, to
summon the appraisers, in like manner, as the sheriff is by the laws of
the state required to summon them ; and the appraisers shall be entitled
to the like fees, as in cases of appraisements under the laws of the state;
and if the appraisers, being duly summoped, shall fail to attend and per-
form the duties required of them, the marshal may proceed to sell such
goods, without an appraisement.
STA&Tu Il.
CHAP. XXIII.-S.n A2ct to alter the times and places of holding the Circuit March 2, 1793.
Courts, in the .EasternDistrict, and in North Carolina, and for other purposes.
[Obsolete.]
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
Times for hold-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the ing spring cir-
spring circuit courts of the eastern district, instead of being held at the cuits of eat-",q
times and places now established by law for holding the same, shall from district and N.
Carolina alter.
henceforth be held at the times and places following respectively, namely; ed.
for the district of New York, at New York, on the fifth day of April; 1790, oh. 17.
for the district of Connecticut, at New Haven, on the twenty-fifth day 1797, oh. 27.
of April; for the district of Vermont, at Windsor and Bennington alter- 1806, oh. 13.
nately, beginning at the first, on the twelfth day of May; for the district
of New Hampshire, at Portsmouth, on the twenty-seventh day of May;
for the district of Massachusetts, at Boston, on the seventh day of June;
and for the district of Rhode Island, at Newport, on the nineteenth day
of June. And if any of the said days shall happen on a Sunday, the
The affidavit upon which the writ will issue, must be positive to a debt, or to the belief of the plain-
tiff that a certain balance is due. Ibid.
The Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Pennsylvania awarded a writ of ne exeat on
the proper affidavit being made. Ibid.

SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. CM. 24; 1793.
courts, respectively, shall commence and be holden on the day following.

And alj causes now pending in the said courts, and all appeals, processes
1802, ch. 31. and recognizances returned, or returnable to the same, and all officers,
jurors, parties and witnesses, shall be conformable to this act.
N. Carolina SEe. 2. And be it further enacted, That from and after the expiration
circuit court
afterJune of the session of the circuit court of the state of North Carolina, which
.where to be is to commence on the first day of June next (which session shall be
held. held, any, thing in this act notwithstanding, at Newbern) the stated ses-
sions of the said court shall be held at Wake courthouse, either in the
courthouse belonging to the said county, or in some convenient build-
ing contiguous thereto, until there shall be convenient accommodations
for the said purpose in the city of Raleigh, in the said state; after
which, and upon its being made so to appear to the said court, the said
court is hereby authorized and directed at the close of the session then
depending, to adjourn the said court to meet at its next stated session in
the city of Raleigh; which said city of Raleigh shall thereafter be the
place at which the stated sessions of the said court shall be constantly
held.
District judge SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, Inasmuch as there was not a suffi-
of N. Carolina cient quorum of judges to bold the circuit court for the district of North
how tohave ju-
rymen sum- Carolina, for the purpose of doing business, at November term one thou-
moned for said sand seven hundred and ninety-two, that it shall and may be lawful for
June term. the district judge of the state of North Carolina to direct the clerk of
the said court to issue such process for the purpose. of having jurymen
summoned to attend the said court at the term to commence on the first
day of June'next, as he had before issued for the like purpose, returna-
ble to November term above mentioned; that the jurymen ordered by
the said process to be summoned shall be ordered to be summoned in
the same proportion, and from the same counties, as those jurymen who
were ordered to be summoned by the process returnable at November
term above mentioned: And the marshal is to execute the said process,
and the jurymen legally summoned in consequence thereof, are to attend
the said court, under the like penalties for disobedience as if the said
process -had been ordered to be issued as usual, by the said court; and
the marshal and the jurymen who attend at the said court shall be enti-
tled to the like allowance for their services respectively. And it is here-
by declared, that all suits and proceedings of what nature or kind soever
which have been commenced in the said court, and not finished, shall
be proceeded on at the ensuing term in the same manner and to the
same effect, as if the said circuit court had been regularly held at Nov-
ember term as aforesaid, and continuances had been regularly held of all
such suits aind pruceedings, from the said last mentioned term to the en-
suing term.
STATUTE IT.
March 2, 1793. CHAP. XXIV.- .n Set supplementary to the act, entitled, ".8n act to provide
more effectuallb for the eullection of the Duties imposed by law on Goods,
1790, ch. 35. Wares and M4erchand*se, imported into the United States, and on the Tonnage
Repealed by
Act of March 2, of Ships or Vessels."
larvicit in SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives

Georgia estab- of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there shall
lished a district, be in the state of Georgia, a district, to be called the district of Hard-
wick, to comprehend all the waters, shores, bays, harbors, creeks and
rivers, between the south point of Ossabow island, and the south point
One port of of Warsaw island; that in the said district the town of Hardwick shall
entry twrein be the only port of entry, and a collector for said district shall be ap-
and a collector, pointed to reside at Hardwick, and the said collector shall be entitled to

SECOND CONGRESS. Sass. II Cu. 24. 1793.
receive the like fees and the same yearly allowance, which is paid to the
collector of the district of St. Mary's, in the said state.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That so much of Lake Chain- Champlain in
plain, with the shores, bays and rivers connected therewith, as lieth within N. York estab-.
lished a dis-
the state of New York, shall be one entire district, to be called the dis- trier.
trict of Champlain; and the President of the United States be, and
hereby is authorized to appoint such place within said district to be the
port of entry and delivery within the same as he may deem expedient;
and a collector for the said district shall be appointed to reside at such President to
place within said district as the President of the United States shall appoint portcol-
of
direct, who shall be allowed the same fees as are allowed the collector lector and
entry therein.
in the district of Vermont: Provided nevertheless, That the exception
contained in the sixty-ninth section of the act above mentioned, relative 1790, ch. 35,
to the district of Louisville, shall be, and hereby is extended to the dis- sec. 69.
trict of Champhin.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day Allowance to
of June next, the collectors in the districts of Vermont and Champlain, collectors of
in addition to the fees and emoluments which may accrue to them in the Vermont and
collection of the duties of impost and tonnage by the provisions already June next.
made, shall severally have and be entitled to receive the yearly sum of
one hundred dollars each.
SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day And to- the
of June next, the allowance of one half per centum to the collectors of Penn'a, of
collectors New
the districts of Pennsylvania and of the city of New York, and the York, Boston
allowance of one per centum to the collectors of the districts of Boston and Charles.
and Charlestown, and of Baltimore, on the amount of all the monies by town, and Balti-
them respectively received, on amount of the duties of impost and ton- more.
nage shall cease, and instead thereof, from and after the said last day of
June next, the collectors of the districts of Pennsy4vania and of the city
of New York, shall be entitled to three eighths of one per centum, 4nd
the collectors of the districts of Boston and Charlestown, and of Balti-
more, shall be entitled to three fourths of one per centum, on all such
monies by them respectively received.
Sac. 5. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day Forfeiture on
of January next, no officer of the customs, or other person employed reven.e gicers
owning any ship
under the authority of the United States, in the collection of the duties or vessel, 4c..
imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the after 1st Jan.
United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels, shall own, in 1794.
whole or in part, any ship or vessel, or act as agent, attorney or con-
signee for the owner or owners of any ship or vessel, or of any cargo or
lading on board the same: Nor shall any officer of the customs or other
person employed in the collection of the duties as aforesaid, import, or
be concerned directly or indirectly in the importation of any goods,
wares or merchandise into the United States, on penalty that every per-
son so offending and being thereof convicted, shall forfeit the sum of
five hundred dollars.
enacted, That so'much of the twelfth And 12th see.
act,be entitled
6. anAnd
SEc. of it further
section "'An act making alterations in the treasury of certain act so
faras affects the
and war departments," as restricted all officers of the United States disposal of their
employed in the collection of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares interest' in the
and merchandise imported into the United States, and on the tonnage funds repealed.
of ships or vessels, from buying or disposing of the funds or debts of the
United States, or of any state, or of any public property of either, be
and the same is hereby repealed; so far as the same prohibits them from
disposing of their interest in the funds or debts of the United States, or
of any of the said states.
SEC. 7. And be it .further enacted, That the President of the United President may
States may, if he shall judge it conducive to the public interest, increase increase
Statesnero uar-
to the cet-
the complement of mariners to the several revenue cutters, so that the ten.
VOL. 1-43 2F

338 SECOND CONGRESS. SEss. II. CH. 25, 6. 1793.
Allowance of number do not exceed seven mariners to each cutter; and that from
pay to the offi-
and after the first day of April next, there be allowed, in lieu of the
cers and men
after 1st April. compensations-now established, to the master of each revenue cutter,
forty dollars per month, and the subsistence of a captain in the army of
the United States; to a first mate, twenty-six dollars per month; to a
second mate, twenty dollars per month; to a third mate, eighteen dol-
lars per month; to every mate, the subsistence of a lieutenant of the
said army; and to each mariner, not exceeding ten dollars per month,
to be paid by the collectors of the revenue, who shall be designated for
that purpose: And that the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is
hereby authorized to contract for the supply of rations for the officers
and men of the said cutters, on such terms as shall, from time to time,
appear reasonable.
STATUTE II.
March 2,1793. CHAP. XXV.-O .et providing for the payment of the First Instalment due on a
Loan made of the Bank of the United States.
[Obsolete.)
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
President may
apply certain States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of the
monies United States be, and he hereby is authorized and empowered to apply
two hundred thousand dollars, of the monies which may have been bor-
to pay first in- rowed, in pursuance of the fourth section of the act, intituled "An act
,talment to making provision for the reduction of the public debt," in payment of
Bank of U. S.
the first instalment, due to the Bank of the United States, upon a loan
1790, ch. 47. made of the said bank, in pursuance of the eleventh section of the act
for incorporating the subscribers to the said bank.
STATUTE 11.
March 2, 1793. CHAP. XXVI.-Rin det for extending the time for receiving on loan that part of
the Domestic Debt of the United States, which may not be subscribed,priorto the
[Obsolete.] first day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
Domesticdebt SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Sendtte and House of Representa-
term for receiv,
ing an loan ex- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
tended to June term for receiving on loan that part of the domestic debt of the United
1794. States, which shall not have been subscribed, in pursuance of the act,
intituled "An act supplementary to the act making provision for the
1794, ch. 36. debt of the United States," be extended, from and after the first day of
Act oC May. March, one tbonsand seven hundred and ninety-three, until the last day
a, 19+, ch. a. of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four inclusively, on the
same terms and conditions, as are contained in the act, intituled "An act
making provision for the debt of the United States : Provided, That the
books for receiving the said subscriptions shall be opened only at the
treasury of the United States.
Privilege of SEC. 2. And be it fitrther enacted, That such of the creditors of the
non-subscribing United States, as have not subscribed, and shall not subscribe to the said
creditors, loan, shall nevertheless rpe.eive, during the year one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-three, a rate per centum on the amount of such of their
demands, as shall have been registered, conformable to the directions
contained in the said act, on or before the last day of June, one thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-four, equal to the interest, which would
be piyable to them, as subscribing creditors.
APPRovED, March 2, 1793.

SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. II. CH. 27, 30. 1793.
STATUTE II.
CHAP. XXVII.-Sngc.ct supplementary to the act for the establishment and sup- March 2,1793.
port of lighthouses, beacons, buoys, and public piers.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Lighthouses,
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all &c. expenses
expenses, which shall accrue from the first day of July next inclusively, accruing onde-
the. to be
for the necessary support, maintenance and repairs of all lighthouses, frayed by U. S.
beacons, buoys, the stakeage of channels on the sea-coast, and public till Ist July
piers, shall continue to be defrayed by the United States, until the first 1794.
day of July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, 1795, ch. 37.
notwithstanding such lighthouses, beacons, or public piers, with the
lands and tenements thereunto belonging, and the jurisdiction of the
same shall not, in the mean time, be ceded to, or vested in the United 1791, ch. 24.
States, by the state or states respectively, in which the same may be; 1792, ch. 17.
1795, ch. 40.
and that the said time be further allowed to the states respectively, to 1796, ch. 43.
make such cession.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Trea- Secretary of
sury be authorized and directed to cause a floating beacon or buoy to Treasury to
be provided and placed on Smith's Point shoal, in the Chesapeak bay, place beacons in
be th&Chesapeake
and a beacon or floating buoy at the southwest straddle on the Royal and N.Carolina.
shoal, near Ocracoke inlet, in North Carolina.
STATUTE II.
CHAP. XXX.-Adn .Oct making certain .llyrcpriations therein mentioned. March 2, 1793.
United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be appro- Appropriation
priated to the purposes hereinafter mentioned, tor be paid out of any of certain moo-
monies, which shall come into the treasury of the United States, to the nies for defray-
end of the present year, (not proceeding from the duties on imports and ing certain spe.
.tonnage) and not heretofore appropriated, and out of the surplus of CLc demands.
any of the duties of impost and tonnage, which may accrue, during
the present year, the sum of fifty-nine thousand one hundred and seven
dollars and forty-one cents:
For purchasing two lots of ground, with the buildings thereon, and
for erecting other buildings, and purchasing sundry materials and
necessaries for the use of the mint, twelve thousand and seventy-nine
dollars and seventy-eight cents :-for the salaries of the officers of the
mint, from the first day of July to the thirty-first day of December, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, two thousand six hundred and
ninety-four dollars and eighty-eight cents :-for the salary of the follow-
ing officers of the mint, for the year one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-three; the director, two thousand dollars ;-the assayer fifteen hun-
dred dollars;-the chief coiner, fifteen hundred dollars ;-the engraver,
twelve hundred dollars ;-the treasurer, twelve hundred dollars ;-three
clerks, five hundred dollars each, fifteen hundred dollars :-for defraying
the expenses of workmen, for the year one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-three, a sum not exceeding two thousand six hundred dollars --
for defraying the expenses of bringing to the seat of government, the
votes of the electors in the several states for President and Vice-Presi-
dent, a sum not exceeding one thousand four hundred and ninety-nine
dollars :-for discharging the claim of Return Jonathan Meigs, and the
legal representatives of Christopher Greene, the sum of four hundred
dollars :--for the pay, subsistence and forage due to Winthrop Sargent,
as adjutant-general to the troops late under the command of General St.
Clair, five hundred and sixty-nine dollars and forty-five cents :-for pay-
ing Dunlap and Claypoole, for printing performed under the direction
of a committee of the convention of the United States, four hundred and

340 SECOND CONGRESS. SESS. II. OR. 31. 1793.
Appropriations twenty dollars :-for defraying certain extra expenses of the doorkeeper
for defraying of the House of Representatives, and for clerk hire, and allowance to
certain specific
demands, witnesses attending the late committee appointed to inquire into the
failure of the expedition under General St. Clair, four hundred dollars:-
for paying the principal clerk to the secretary of the Senate, for his
services, from the first of July to the fourth of November, one thousand
seven hundred and ninety-two, one hundred and twenty-seven days, at
three dollars per day, three, hundred and eighty-one dollars :-for paying
the same clerk for his services, for six months, over and above his former
allowance, five hundred and forty-seven dollars and fifty cents :-for six
months additional pay to the engrossing clerk, three hundred and sixty-
five dollars :-for extra services of the doorkeeper, during the present
session, ninety-one dollars and fifty cents :-for defraying the expense
attending the stating and printing the public accounts, in pursuance of
the order of the House of Representatives, of the thirtieth of December,
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, a sum not exceeding eight
hundred dollars :-for paying the account of the trustees of Wilmington
public grammar school and academy, two thousand five hundred and
fifty-three dollars and sixty-four cents :-to make good so much deficient
in the appropriation of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
one, for defraying the expenses of lighthouses, beacons, buoys and public
piers, a sum not exceeding nine hundred and fifty-five dollars and sixty-
six cents :-for building a lighthouse on Montok point, a sum not exceed-
ing twenty thousand dolars:-for completing the lighthouse on Bald-
head, at the mouth of Cape Fear river, two thousand dollars :-for the
salaries of clerks, not exceeding three, to be employed -inthe office of
the commissioner of the revenue, at the rate of five hundred dollars per
annum, fifteen hundred dollars :--for defraying the expense of books
1792, ch. I. and printing, incident to the acts for recording the registering of ships,
1793, ch. 8. or vessels, and enrolling and licensing vessels employed in the coasting
trade, three hundred and fifty dollars.
STATUTE II.
March 2, 1793. CramP. XXXI.-.in .9et malting addition to the Compensation of certain Public
Officers.
Additional Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
annual allow- United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be allowed
ance to- certain to the Auditor of the Treasury, the sum of five hundred dollars; to. the
officers of the
Treasury. Commissioner of the Revenue, the sum of five hundred dollars; to the
Comptroller of the Treasury, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars,
1799, ch. 38. and to the Register of the Treasury, the sum of two hundred and filly
1792, ch. 37, dollars per annum, in addition to the compensation already allowed to
sec. 6, 10.
them respectively, to commence on the first day of April next, payable
in like manner as the present compensations are payable.

ACTS OF THE THIRD CONGRESS
OF THuE
UNITED STATES,
Passed at the first session, which was begun and held at the City of
Philadelphia,in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday, the second
day of December, 1793, and ended on the ninth day of June, 1794.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President; JOHN ADAMS, Vice President of the
United States, and President of the Senate; RALPH IZARD, Presi-
dent of the Senate pro tempore; FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
STATUTE I.
CHAPTER 1.-An A t making an alterationin the Flag of the United States. Jan. 13, 1794.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Alteration in
United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after Flag of United
the first day of May, Anno Domini, one thousand seven hundred and States.
ninety-five, the flag of the United States, be fifteen stripes alternate red
and white. That the Union be fifteen stars, white in a blue field.(a)
-
STATUT I.
CHAP. IV.-An Act in alterationof the act establishing a Mint and regulatingthe March 3,1794.
Coins of the United States.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Duty of Treas-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from nrer of the mint
and after the passing this act it shall be the duty of the treasurer of the Act of April
herein.
mint to receive and give receipts for all metals which may lawfully be 2, 1792, ch. 16.
brought to the mint to be coined ; and for the purpose of ascertaining
their respective qualities, shall deliver from every parcel so received, a
sufficient number of grains to the assayer, who shall assay all such of Assay.
them as may require it. And the said treasurer shall from time to time
deliver the said metals to the chief coiner to be coined in such quantities
as the director of the mint may prescribe.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the assayer and chief coiner Assayer and
of the mint previous to 'ntering upon the execution of their respective chief coiner to
offices shall each become bound to the United States of America with give bond, &e.
one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury,
the said assayer in the sum of one thousand dollars and the said chief
coiner in the sum of five thousand dollars, with condition for the faithful
and diligent performance of the duties of his office.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That so much of the act entitled Part of cer-
"An act establishing a mint and regulating the coins of the United tain act repeal-
States," as comes within the purview of this act be and the same is hereby e.172, ch. 16.
repealed.
APPROVED; March 3, 1794.
(a) By the act of April 4, 1818, chap. 34, the following provision is made relating to the flag of the
United States :
Sae. 1. That from and after the 4th of July next, (July 4, 1818,) the flag of the United States be thir-
teen horizontal stripes, alternately red and white. That the union be twenty stars white in a blue field.
SEC. 2. That on the admission of any new state into the Union, one star be added to the union of the
flag ; and that such addition shall take'effect on the fourth day of July then next ensuing.
2sF2 341

342 THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CF. 5,6. 1794.
STATUTE i.
March 7. 1794. CHAP. V.-n./det for the remission of the duties arising on the tonnage of sundry
French vessels which have taken refuge in the ports of the United States.
WHEREAS the disastrous situation of the town of Cape Francois, in the
island .,f Hispaniola, compelled sundry vessels belonging to citizens of
the French Republic, in the month of June last, to take refuge within
the ports of the United States: and whereas they are liable by law to
the payment of foreign tonnage, which, considering the necessity of their
case, ought equitably to be remitted to them : Therefore,
Remission of Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
tonnage duty to United States of America in Congress assembled, That the duties on
certain French
vessels, the tonnage, to which any of the vessels aforesaid are, or may have been
liable, within any of the ports of the United States, be, and are hereby
On what proof. remitted: Provided nevertheless, That the master, owner or consignee,
of every such vessei shall make proof to the proper officer of the port in
which such Vessel may be, that the said vessel was compelled to leave the
said island of Hispaniola, and to take refuge within the said port, by
reason of the calamity aforesaid.
STATUTE I.
March 14, 1794. CHAP. VI.-n .ct making .Sppropriationsfor the support of Government,for the
year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four.
Specific ap- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
propriations br
support of gov- of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That for defray-
ernment for ing the expenditure of the civil list of the United States, for the year
1794. one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, together with the inci-
dental and contingent expenses of the several departments and offices
thereof; and for making good deficiences for the support of the civil
list establishment; for aiding the fund appropriated for the payment of
certain officers of the courts, jurors and witnesses; for the support of
lighthouses, and for other purposes, there be appropriated a sum of
money not exceeding five hundred and twenty-one thousand four hun-
dred and forty-seven dollars and twenty-four cenis ; That is to say :.
For the compensations granted by law to the President and Vice
President of the United States, thirty thousand dollars :
For the like compensations to the members of the Senate and House
of Representatives, their officers and attendants, estimated for a session
of six months continuance, one hundred and eighty-five thousand, eight
hundred and ninety dollars:
For the e punzts of firewood, stationery, printing-work, and al other
contingent expenses of the two houses of Congress, ten thousand dollars:
For 6~e compensations granted by law, to the chief justice, associate
judges, district judges, and attorney general, forty-three thousand two
hundred dollars:
For defraying the expense of clerks of courts, jurors and witnesses, iR
aid of the fund arising from fines, forfeitures and penalties, twelve thou-
sand dollars :
For defraying the expenses of prosecutions for offences against the
United States, and for the safe keeping of prisoners, four thousand
dollars :
For compensation to the Secretary of State, clerks and persons
employed in his office, six thousand eight hundred dollars:
For expense of stationery, printing, and all other contingent expenses
in the office of the Secretary of State, including the expense which will
attend the publication of the laws of the first session of the third Con-
gress, and for printihg an edition of the same, to be distributed, accord-
ing to law, two thousand and sixty-one dollars, and sixty-seven cents :

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. L C. 6. 1794.
For making good a deficiency in the appropriation of the year one p Specific ap-
Iropriations for
thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, for extra-services of clerks in support of go-
the office of the Secretary of State, in preparing documents for Congress, vernment for
and for an index to the laws of the second Congress, eight hundred 1794.
dollars:
For compensation to the Secretary of the Treasury, clerks and persons
employed in his office, seven thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars:
in the office of the Secretary of the Treasury, five hundred dollars:
For compensation to the Comptroller of the Treasury, clerks and
persons employed in his office, ten thousand two hundred dollars:
in the Comptroller's office, eight hundred dollars:
For compensation to the Treasurer, clerks and persons employed in
his office, four thousand one hundred dollars:
For expense of firewood, stationery, printing and other contingencies
in the Treasurer's office, four hundred dollars:
For compensation to the Auditor of the Treasury, clerks and persons
employed in his office, ten thousand four hundred and fifty dollars:
For expense of stationery, printing and other contingent expenses in
the Auditor's office, five hundred dollars:
For compensation to the Commissioner of the Revenue, clerks and
persons employed in his office, six thousand one hundred and fifty dollars:
For the expenses of stationery, printing and other contingent expenses
in the office of the Commissioner, three hundred dollars:
For compensation to the Register of the Treasury, clerks and persons
employed in his office, fifteen thousand dollars:
For the expenses of stationery, printing and other contingent expenses
in the Register's office, (including books for the public stocks) two
thbusand dollars :
For the payment of rent for the several houses employed in the trea-
sury department, one thousand five hundred and ninety-six dollars and
sixty-six cents:
For wood and candles in the several offices of the treasury depart-
ment (except the Treasurer's office) one thousand two hundred dollars:
For compensations to the several loan officers, thirteen thousand two
hundred and fifty dollars:
For defraying the expenses of the several loan officers, for stationery
and clerk-hire, between the first day of March, and the thirty-first day
of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three inclusive,
the sum of seventeen thousand three hundred and seventy-seven dollars
and seventy-five cents:
For compensation to the Secretary of War, clerks and persons em-
ployed in his office, seven thousand and fifty dollars:
For expenses of firewood, stationery, printing and other contingent
expenses in the office of the Secretary of War, eight hundred dollars.
For making good a deficiency in the appropriation of the year one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, for contingent expenses in
this office, two hundred and five dollars and sev.enty-six cents:
For compensation to the Accountant to the war department, and
clerks in his office, four thousand seven hundred dollars:
For contingent expenses in the office of the Accountant to the war
department, four hundred dollars:
For compensations to the following officers of the mint ;-the Direc-
tor, two thousand dollars ;-the Assayer, one thousand five hunrd
dollars ;-the Chief Coiner, one thousand five hundred dollars ;-the
Engraver, one thousand two hundred dollars :-the Treasurer, one thou-
sand two hundred dollars ;-three Clerks, at five hundred dollars each,
one thousand five hundred dollars;

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Co. 6. 1794.
Specif ap.
propriations tor For defraying the expenses of workmen, for the year one thousand
support of go- seven hundred and ninety-four, three thousand three hundred and eighty-
vernment for five dollars:
1794. For the several expenses of the mint, including the pay of a Refiner,
when employed, for gold, silver and copper, and for the completion of
the melting furnaces, two thousand seven hundred dollars:
For replacing a sum of money advanced at the Bank of the United
States, for the purpose of an importation of copper, to be coined at the
mint, ten thousand dollars:
For defraying the expense of copper, purchased in the year one thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-three, seven thousand three hundred and
fifty dollars:
For the purchase of copper, in the year one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-four, seven thousand three hundred and fifty dollars:
For compensations to the governors, secretaries and judges of the ter-
ritory northwest, and the territory south of the 'river Ohio, ten thousand
three hundred dollars:
For expenses of stationery, office rent, printing patents for lands, and
other contingent expenses in both the said territories, seven hundred
dollars:
For the payment of sundry pensions granted by the late government,
two thousand three hundred and sixty-seven dollars and seventy-three
cents:
For payment of the annual allowance granted by Congress to Baron
Steuben, two thousand five hundred dollars:
For the annual allowance to the widow and orphan children of
Colonel John Harding, and to the orphan children of Major Alexander
1793, ch. 14 Truman, by the act of Congress of the twenty-seventh of February,
one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, seven hundred and fifty
dollars:
For arrearages of pension due to the widow and orphan children of
Colonel John Harding, and to the orphan children of Major Alexander
Truman, to the thirty first of December, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-three, six hundred and seventy-five dollars:
For the annual allowance for the education of Hugh Mercer, son of
the late Major-general Mercer, four hundred dollars:
For the maintenance and repair of lighthouses, beacons, piers, stakes
and buoys, twenty thousand dollars:
To make good a deficiency in the appropriation of the year one thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-two, for the maintenance and repair of
lighthouses, beacons, piers, stakes and buoys, four thousand dollars:
For the purchase of hydrometers, for the use of the officers of the
customs, and inspectors of the revenue, one thousand five hundred
dollars:
For a balance stated by the Auditor of the Treasury, to be due to the
estate of the late Major-general Greene, pursuant to the act of Congress,
1'92, ch. 2. of the twenty-seventh of February, one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-two, to indemnify the said estate for a certain bond entered into
by him, during the late war, in which is included interest due on the
bonds from their dates, to the twelfth of April one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-three, thirty-three thousand, one hundred and eighty-
seven dollars, and sixty-seven cents:
For defraying the expense incident to the stating and printing the
public accounts, for the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
three, eight hundred dollars:
For the payment of such demands, not otherwise provided for, as
shall have been duly allowed by the officers of the treasury, five thou-
sand dollars.
Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That the several appropriations

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss..I. C. 7,8, 9. 1794. 345
herein before made, shall be paid and discharged out of the funds fol-
lowing, to wit:
First. The sum of six hundred thousand dollars, reserved by the act
making provision for the debt of the United States:
Secondly. The surplus of revenue and income beyond the appropria-
tions heretofore charged thereupon to the end of the year one thousand 1790, ch. 34.
seven hundred and ninety-four.
APPrtoVED, March 14, 1794.
STATUT9 I.
CHAP. VII.-Bn .lct making further provision for the expenses attending the March 20, 1794.
intercourseof the United States with foreign nations; andfurther to continue
in force the act intituled ",2/n act providing the means of intercoursebetween [Obsolete.]
the United States and foreign nations." ActofJuly 1,
1790, ch. .2.
SECTION 1. Re it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives Additional ap-
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a sum of propriations to
one million of dollars, in addition to the provision heretofore made, be support between
course inter-
appropriated to defray any expenses which may be irrcurred, in relation United States
to the intercourse between the United States and foreign nations, to be and foreign na-
paid out of any monies, which may be in the treasury, not otherwise tions.
appropriated, and to be applied, under the direction of the President of 1796, ch. 41.
the United States, who, if necessary, is hereby authorized to borrow the
whole or any part of the said sum of one million of dollars; an account
of the expenditure whereof, as soon as may be, shall be laid before
Congress.
.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the act, intituled " An act Certain acts
providing the means of intercourse between the United States and foreign continued in
nations," passed the first day of July, one theusand seven bLd.ed and force.
niidety, together with the second section of the act, intituled "An act to
continue in force for a limited time, and to aitend the act, intituled "An 1790, ci.22.
act providing the means of intercourse between the United States and Act or Feb.
foreign nations," passed the ninth day of February, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-three, shall be continued in force, for the term of
one year from the passing of this act, and from thence, until the end of
the next session of Congress thereafter holden, and no longer.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. VIII.-..in SBet authorizinga Loan of one million of Dollars. March 20, 1794.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives qf the [Obsolete.]
United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of President of
the United States be, and he hereby is authorized and empowered to United States
borrow, on the credit of the United States, if, in his opinion, the public authorized
borrow
to
service shall require it, a sum not exceeding one million of dollars, at an $1,000,000.
interest not exceeding five per centum per annum, reimbursable at the
pleasure of the United States, to be applied tosuch public purposes, as
are authorized by law, and to be repaid out of the duties on imports
and tonnage to the end of the present year: And that it shall be law-
ful for the Bank of the United States, and the said bank hereby is author-
ized and empowered to make the loan aforesaid.
STATUTv I.
CHAP. IX.- n.Atto provide for the Defence of certainPorts and Harbors--*,
the March 20, 1794.
United States.
[Obsolete.)
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives Certain ports
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the follow- and harbors to
ing ports and harbors be fortified under the direction of the President be fortified.
VOL. [-44

THIRD CONGRESS. SEsS. I. CH. 10. 1794.
of the United States, and at such time or times, as he may judge neces-
sary, to wit: Portland in the district of Maine; Portsmouth in the state
of New Hampshire; Gloucester, Salem, Marblehead and Boston, in the
Act of May 9, state of Massachusetts; Newport in the state of Rhode Island; New
1794, authorizes
the fortification London in the state of Connecticut; New York; Philadelphia; Wil-
of the city of mingtou in the state of Delaware; Baltimore in the state of Maryland ;
Annapolis. Norfolk and Alexandria in the state of Virginia; Cape Fear river and
Ocracock inlet in the state of North Carolina; Charleston and George-
town in the state of South Carolina; and Savannah and Saint Mary's
in the state of Georgia.
President of Src. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the
U. S. may em. President of the United States to employ, as garrisons in the said forti-
ploy, as garri-
sons, troops on fications, or any of them, such of the troops on the military establish-
military estab- ment of the United States, as he may judge necessary; and to cause to
lishment. be provided one hundred cannon, of a caliber each to carry a ball of
Cau]se cannon
to be purchased. thirty-two pounds weight, and one hundred other cannon, of a caliber
each to carry a ball of twenty-four pounds weight, together with the
carriages and implements necessary for the same, and carriages with the
necessary implements for one hundred and fifty other cannon, with two
hundred and fifty tons of cannon-shot.
And receive SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the
cessions of cer- President of the United States to receive from any state (in behalf of
tain lands. the United States) a cession of the lands, on which any of the fortifica-
tions aforesaid, with the necessary buildings, may be erected, or intend-
ed to be erected; or where such cessions shall not be made, to purchase
such lands, on behalf of the United States: Provided, that no purchase
shall be made, where such lands are the property of a state.
STATUTE I.
March 21, 1794. CHAP. X.-In det making appropriationsfor the support of the Military estab-
lishment of the United States, for the year one thousand seven hundred and
[Obsolete.]
ninety-four.
Specific ap- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Rouse of Representa.
propriations for tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
military estab-
lishment for for the support of the military establishment of the United States, for the
1794. year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four; for repairs and
articles directed to be made and purchased by the President of the
United States; for invalid pensioners; for fortifying certain ports and
harbors; and for the purchase of cannon, implements and shot, there be
appropriated a sum of money, not exceeding one million, six hundred
and twenty-nine thousand, nine hundred and thirty-six dollars, and one
cent; that is to say: For the pay of the legion of the United States,
three hundred and three thousand, six hundred and eighty-four dollars:
For subsistence, three hundred and twelve thousand, five hundred and
sixty-seven dollars, and seventy-five cents : For forage, thirty-one thou-
sand six hundred and thirty-two dollars: For clothing, one hundred and
twelve thousand dollars: For equipments for the cavalry, seven thousand
three hundred and fourteen dollars, and five cents : For horses for the
cavalry, sixteen thousand dollars: For bounty to the soldiers, five thou-
sand dollars: For the hospital department, twenty thou3and dollars: For
the ordnance department, six thousand seven hundred and fifteen dol-
lars, and thirty-two cents: For defensive protection of the frontiers, one
hundred and thirty thousand dollars: For the Indian depaIrtment, fifty
thousand dollars: For the quartermaster's department, one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars: For contingencies of the war department, thirty
thousand dollars: For repairs and articles directed to be made and pur-
chased by the President of the United States, two hundred and two
thousand seven hundred and eighty-three dollars, and thirty-four cents:

THItRD CON'GRESS. SEss. I. CH. 11. 1794. 347
For invalid pensioners, eighty thousand two hundred and thirty-nine

dollars, and fifty-five cents: For fortifying certain ports and harbors of
the United States, and purchasing the lands necessary for the erection
of the same, seventy-six thousand dollars: For the purchase of cannon,
implements and shot, ninety-six thousand dollars.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the several appropriations Out of what
herein before made, shall be paid and discharged out of the funds follow- funds payable.
ing, to wit: First, the surplus of the sum of six hundred thousand dol-
lars, reserved by the act " making provision for the debt of the United 1790, oh. 34.
States," and which will accrue during the year one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-four: Secondly, the surplus of revenue and income,
beyond the appiopriations heretofore charged thereupon, to the end of
the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four : And thirdly, the
surplus which may remain unexpended, of the monies appropriated for
the use of the War department, in the year one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-three.
STATUTE L.
CHAP. XI.-4.n Act to prohibit the carryingon the Slave Trade from the United March 22, 1794.
States to any foreign place or country.(a)
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives Forfeiture of

of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That no citizen ship, &c. con.
cerned in slave
or citizens of the United States, or foreigner, or any other person com- trade.
(al The acts prohibiting and punishing the Slave trade, are : An act to prohibit the carrying on the
slave trade from the United States to any: foreign place or country, March 22, 1794, chap. 11 ; an act in
addition to the.act entitled, " An act to prohibit the carrying on the slave trade from the United States to
any foreign place or country," May 10, 1800 ; an act to prevent the introduction of certain persons into
certain states, where by the laws thereof their addiisiion is prohibited, February 28, 1803, chap. 10; an
act to prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States
from and after the first of January one thousand eight hundred and eight, March 2, 1807, chap. 22 ; an
act in addition to an act entitled, "An act to prohibit the importation of slaves within the jurisdiction of
the United States from and after the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and eight," April
20, 1815, chap. 91 ; an act to continue in force "1an act to protect the commerce of the United States,
and punish the crime of piracy," and also to make further provision for punishing the crime of piracy,
May 15, 1820, chap. 113, sec. 4, 5.
Decisions of' the Courts of the United States on the acts prohibitingand punishing the Slave Trade.-A
libel or information under the 9th section of the slave trade act of March 2, 1797, alleging that the ves-
sel sailed from the port of New York and Perth Amboy, without the captain having delivered the mani-
fest required by law, to the collector or surveyor of the port of New York and Perth Amboy, is defective;
the act requiring the manifest to be delivered to the collector or surveyor of a single port. The Mary
Ann, 8 Wheat. 380; 5 Cond. Rep. 471.
Under the same section, the libel must charge the vessel to be of the burthen of forty tons or more.
In general it is sufficient to charge the offence in the words directing the forfeiture. But if the words are
general, embracing a whole class of individual subjects, they must necessarily be so construed as to em-
brace only a subdivision of that class; the allegation must conform to the legislative sense and meaning.
Ibid.
The prohibitions in the slave trade acts of May 10, 1800, and April 20, 1818, extend as well to carry-
ing slaves on freight, as to cases where the persons transported are the property of the United States;
and the carrying of them from one port to another of the same foreign empire, as well as from one
foreign country to another. The Merino, 9 Wheat. 391 ; 5 Cond. Rep. 623.
Under the 4th section of the act of May 10, 1800, the owner of the slaves transported contrary to the
provisions of that act, cannot claim the same in a court of the United States, although, according to the
laws of his own country, they may be held in servitude. But if at the -time of capture by a cominis-
sinned vessel, the offending ship was in the possession of a non-commissioned captor, who had made a
seizure for the same offence, the owner of the slaves may claim them ; the section only applying to per.
sons interested in the enterprise or voyage in which the ship was employed, at the time of such cipture.
Ibid.
Under the slave trade act of 1794, sec. 1, it is not necessary, in order to incur the forfeiture, that the
vessel shall be completely fitted and ready for tea. As soon as the preparations have proceeded so far
as clearly to manifest the intention, the right of seizure attaches. The Emily and Caroline, 9 Wheat.
381 ; 5 Cond. Rep. 623.
The African slave trade is a trade which has been authorized and protected by the laws of all corn-
mercial nations. The right to carry it on has been claimed by each, aiid exer-. '. "y each ; and it thri e.
fore cannot be considered as contrary to the laws of nations. The slave trade remains lawful to those
nations which have not forbidden it. The Antelope,.10 Wheat. 66 ; 6 Cond. Rep. 30.
If the slave trade is not contrary to the laws of nations, it cannot be piracy, unless so declared by
statute ; and the obligations of such statute cannot exceed the power of the state which has enacted it.
Ibid.

348 THIRD CONGRESS. Sxss. L CH.ii. 1794.
be No vessels
built to
or fitted ing into, or residing within the same, shall, for himself or any other
out to carry on person whatsoever, either as master, factor or owner, build,
fit, equip,
the slave trade, load or otherwise prepare any ship or vessel, within any port or place of
the said United States, nor shall cause any ship or vessel to sail from
A foreign vessel engaged in the slave trade, captured on the high seas, in time of peace, by an Ameri-
can cruiser, and brought in for adjudication, willbe restored, even where the vessel belongs to a nation
which has prohibited the trade. Ibid.
The right of visitation and search does not exist in time ofpeace. A vessel engaged in the slave trade
in time of peace, even if belonging to a nation which has prohibited the trade, cannot, for that cause
alone, be seized on the high seas, and brought in for adjudication in the courts of another country. But
if the laws of that other country be violated, or the proceeding be authorized by treaty, the capture is not
illegal. Ibid.
Africans who are first captured by a belligerent privateer, fitted out in violation of our neutrality, or
by a pirate, and then recaptured and brought into the ports of the United States, under a reasonable
suspicion that a violation of the slave trade acts was intended, are not to be restored without full proof
of the proprietaryinterests; for in such a case the capture is lawful. And whether in such a case resti-
tution ought to be decreed or not, was a question on which the court was equally divided. Ibid.
The District Courts have jurisdiction under the slave trade acts, to determine who are the actual cap-
tors, under a state law made in pursuance of the 4th section of the slave trade act of 1807 ; and direct-
ing the proceeds of the negroes to be paid, " one moiety for the use bf the commanding officer of the
capturingvessel," &c. The Josefa Segunda, 10 Wheat. 312; 6 Cond. Rep. 111.
Under the 7th section of the slave trade act of 1807, the entire proceeds of the vessel are fprfeited to
the use of the United States; unless the seizure be made by armed vessels of the navy, or by revenue
cutters; in which case distribution is to be made in the same manner as prizes taken from the enemy.
Ibid.
Upon an indictment under the slave trade act of April 20, 1818, against the owner of the ship, testimony
of the declarations of the master, being a part of the resgestai, connected with acts in furtherance of the
voyage and within the scope of his authority as the agent of the owner, in the conduct of the guilty enter-
prise, is admissible. Upon such an indictment against the owner, charging him with fitting out the ship,
with an intent to employ her in the illegal voyave, evidence is admissible that her commander authorized,
and directed the fitment through the instrumentality of his agent, without being personally present. The
United States v.Gooding, 12 Wheat. 460; 6 Cond. Rep. 572.
It is not essential to constitute the fitting out, under the acts of Congress, that every equipment
necessary for a slave voyage, or any equipment peculiarly adapted to such a voyage, should be taken on
board. It is sufficient if the vessel is actually fitted out with intent to be employed in the illegal voyage.
The offence may be laid in the words of the statute. Ibid.
Nor is it necessary that there should be some principal offender, to whom the defendant might be aid-
ing and abetting. Those terms in the statute do not refer to the relation of principal and. accessory in
cases of felony, hut to the actor; and they who aid and abet the act, are considered as principals. The
offence must be alleged to have been committed within the United States. Ibid.
Under the act of March 22, 1794, prohibiting the slave trade, if the original object and equipment of
the voyage from the United States, was to carry on the African slave trade, the forfeiture attaches, whether
the vessel was then owned by American citizens or by foreigners. It is equally unimportant if the act
was done by the party, suo jure, or for the benefit of another. The Margaret, 9 Wheat. 421 ; 5 Cond.
Rep. 638.
Even if the equipments are innocent, and adapted to ordinary voyages, if there is positive proof of a
guilty intention, forfeiture will attach. Nor is it necessary that the equipments shall have been com-
pleted. It isstfficient if any preparations have been made for the unlawfil voyage. Ibid.
Under the 2d and 3d sections of the act of April, 1818, the offence of sailing from a port to engage in
the slave trade, is not committed unless the vessel sails out of the port. United States v. La Coste, 2
Mason's C. C. R. 129.
If a foreign claimant of a vessel seized for being engaged in the slave trade, sets up a title derived
from an American owner, he must prove affirmatively that the case has no admixture of American owner-
ship. United States v.La Jenne Eugenia, 2 Mason's C. C. R. 409.
The 1st section of the slave trade act of May 10, 1800, prohibits not only the transportation of slaves,
but the being employed on the business of the slave trade; and therefore a vessel caught in such trade,
though before she has taken on board any slaves, is liable to forfeiture. The Alexander, 3 Mason's C.
C. R. 175.
The offence against the law of the United States, under the 7th section of the act of March 2, 1807,
is not that of importing or bringing into the United States persons of colour, with intent to hold or sell
those persons as slaves, but that of hovering on the coast of the United States with such intent ; and
althouZh it forfeits the vessel and any goods or effects found on board, it is silent as to disposing of any
persons found on board, any further than to impose a duty upon the officers of any armed vessels, who
make the capture, to keep them safely, to be delivered to the overseers of the poor, or to the governor
of the state, or persons appointed by tie respective states to receive them. United States v.Preston, 3
Peters, 57.
Certain persons who were slaves in Louisiana, were, by their owners, taken to France as servants, and
after some time, they, by their own consent, were sent back to Louisiana. The ships in which these
persons were passengers, were, after the arrival of the vessels in the United States, libelled for alleged
breaches of the act of Congress of April 20, 1818, prohibiting the importation of slaves into the United
States. Held that the provisions of the act of Congress do not apply to such cases. The United States
v.Garonne, 11 Peters, 73.
The act of March 22, 1794, was intended to prohibit any citizen or resident of the United States from
equipping vessels within the United States, carrying on trade or traffic in slaves to any foreign country.
The Tryphema, I Wash. C. C. R. 522.
The act of May 10, 1900, extends the prohibitions to citizens of the United States, in any manner con-

THIRD CONGRESS. Sass. I. CH. 11. 1794.
any port or place within the same, for the purpose of carrying on any
trade or traffic in slaves, to any foreign country; or for the purpose of
procuring, from any foreign kingdom, place or country, the inhabitants
of such kingdom, place or country, to be transported to any foreign 1800, ch. 51.
country, port, or place whatever, to be sold or disposed of, as slaves:
And if any ship or vessel shall be so fitted out, as aforesaid, for the said
purposes, or shall be caused to sail, so as aforesaid, every such ship or vessel,
her tackle, furniture, apparel and other appurtenances, shall be forfeited
to the United States; and shall be liable to be seized, prosecuted and
condemned, in any of the circuit courts, or district court for the district
where the said ship or vessel may be found and seized.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That all and every person, so Forfeiture on
building, fitting out, equipping, loading,.or otherwise preparing, or send- persons aiding
or abetting con-
ing away, any ship or vessel, knowing or intending that the same shall trary to this act._
be employed in such trade or business, contrary to the true intent and
meaning of this act, or any ways aiding or abetting therein, shall seve-
rally forfeit and pay the sum of two thousand dollars, one moiety thereof
to the use of the United States, and the other moiety thereof to the use
of him or her who shall sue for and prosecute the same.
SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That the owner, master or factor In what cases
of each and every foreign ship or vessel, clearing out for any of the owners of for-
eign vessels
coasts or kingdoms of Africa, or suspected to be intended for the slave shall give bond.
trade, and the suspicion being declared to the officer of the customs, by
any citizen, on oath or affirmation, and such information being to the
satisfaction of the said officer, shall first give bond with sufficient sure-
ties, to the treasurer of the United States, that none of the natives of
Africa, or any other foreign country or place, shall be taken on board
the said ship or vessel, to be transported, or sold as slaves, in any other
fureign port or place whatever, within nine months thereafter.
SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That if any citizen or citizens of Forfeiture for
the United States shall, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this receiving per-
act, take on board, receive or transport any such persons, as above sons on board
to be sold as
described, in this act, for the purpose of selling them as slaves, as afore- slaves.
said, he or they shall forfeit and pay, for each and every person, so
received on board, transported, or sold as aforesaid, the sum of two
hundred dollars, to be recovered in any court of the United States pro-
per to try the same; the one moiety thereof to the use of the United
States, and the other moiety to the use of such person or persons, who
shall sue for and prosecute the same.
cerned in this kind of traffic, either by personal service on board of American or foreign vessels wherever
equipped, and to the 6wners of such vessels, citizens of the United States. Ibid.
The act of Congress declares that "1 no person shall build, fit, equip, load, or otherwise prepare any
ship or vessel, to sail from any port of the United States, for the purpose of carrying on any trade or
traffic in slaves to any foreign country." And it declares that "if any ship or vessel shall be so fitted
out as aforesaid, or shall be caused to sail as aforesaid, such ship or vessel shall be forfeited to thq United
States." And'the 2d section inflicts a penalty of two thousand dollars on anyperson whd shall build, fit
out, &e., any ship or vessel knowing or intending that the same shall be so employed. Held, 1. That
the forfeiture of the vessel is not incurred by the building of the vessel for the illegal purpose aforesaid,
but only for the fitting out and causing her to sail as aforesaid. 2. An information against the vessel
which charges that "1 she was built, fitted, equipped, loaded, or otherwise prepared, or caused to sail,"
&c., is bad for uncertainty as to which of the several offences is charged, and on such information, a for.
feiture ought not to be pronounced. The Brig Caroline, I Brockenb. C. C. R. 384.
The act of Congress of February 28, 1803, forbidding any master or captain of a ship or vessel, to
import or bring into any port of the United States, any negro, mulatto, or person of colour, under cer-
tain penalties, where the admission of such persons is prohibited by the laws of such state, does not
apply to coloured seamen employed in navigating such ship or vessel. Tie Brig Wilson, 1 Brockenb. C.
C. R. 423.
If under the act of April 22, 1818, see. 2, 3, the offence of causing a vessel to sail from the Uoited
States, with an intent, be alleged in an indictment to be on a day now last past, and on divers days before
and since that day, the allegation is sufficient. United States v.La Coste, 2 Mason's C. C. R 129.
It is not necessaty in an indictment on the act of 1818,to aver the defendant knowingly committed the
offence. United States v.Smith, 2 Mason's C. C. R. 143.
2G

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I.'Cm. 12. -1794.
. STATUTE I.
March 27, 1794. CHAP. XII.-In Ict toprovide a _Naval drmament.(a)
WHEREAS the depredations committed by the Algerine corsairs on the
[Obsolete.] commerce of the United States render it necessary that a naval force
should be provided for its protection:
President of SECTION 1. Be it therefore enacted by the Senate and House -of
the U. States to Representatives of the United States of America in -Congress assem.
provide four bled, That the President of the United States'ie authorized to pro.
ships of44 guns,
and two ships vide, by purchase or otherwise, equip and 'employ four ships to carry
of 36 guns each. forty-four guns each, and two ships to carry thirty-six guns each.
How officered. SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That there shall be employed on
board each of the said ships of forty-four guns, one captain, four lieuten-
ants, one lieutenant of marines, one chaplain, one surgeon, and two
surgeon's mates; and in each of the ships of thirty-six guns, one captain,
three lieutenants, one lieutenant of marines, one surgeon, and one
surgeon's mate, who shall be appointed and commissioned in like man-
ner as other officers of the United States are.
SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That there shall be employed, in
each of the said ships, the following warrant officers, who shall be ap-
pointed by the President of the United States, to wit: One sailing-master,
one purser, one boatswain, one gunner, one sail-maker, one carpenter,
and eight midshipmen; and the following petty officers, who shall be
appointed by the captains of the ships, respectively, in which they are
to be employed, viz : two master's mates, one captain's clerk, two boat-
swain's mates, one cockswain, one sail-maker's mate,- two gunner's
mates, one yeoman of the gun room, nine quarter-gunners, (and for the
four larger ships two additional quarter-gunners,) two carpenter's mates,
one armourer, one steward, one cooper, one maste-at-arms, and one
cook.
How manned. SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the crews of each of the said
ships of forty-four guns, shall consist of one hundred and fifty seamen,
one hundred and three midshipmen and ordinary seamen, one sergeant,
one corporal, one drum, one fife, and fifty marines; and that the crews.
of each of the said ships of thirty-six guns shall consist of one hundred
and thirty able seamen and midshipmen, ninety ordinary seamen, one
sergeant, two corporals, one drum, one fife, and forty marines, over and
above the officers herein before mentioned.
President of SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United
United States States be, and he is hereby empoweed, to provide, by purchase or other-
(a)The acts for the establishment and regulation of the navy of the United States, are: An act to provide a
naval armament, March 27, 1794, chap. 12; an act supplementary to an act entitled, "An act to provide
a naval armament, April 20, 1796, chap. 14; an act providing a naval armament, Jury 1, 1797, chap. 7;
an act to provide an additional armament for the further protection of the trade of the United States, and
lbrother purposes, April 27, 1798, chap. 31 ; an act authorizing the President of the United States to
cause to be purchased or built a number of small vessels to be equipped as galleys or otherwise, May 4,
1798, chap. 39; an act to amend the act entitled, "An act providing a naval armament," and " an act to
authorize the President of the United States to cause to be purchased or built a number of small vessels
to be equipped as galleys or otherwise," June 22, 1798, chap. 55 ; an act supplementary to an act en-
titled, "An act to provide an additional armament for the further protection of the trade of the United
States, and for other purposes," June 30, 1798, chap. 64; an act for the augmentation of the navy, Feb-
ruary 25, 1799, chap. 13; an act for the government of the navy of the United States, March 2, 1799,
chap. 24; an act to increase the navy of the United States, January 2, 1813, chap. 6; an act supple.
mentary to the act for increasing the navy of the United States, March 3, 1813, chap. 54; an act to
authorize the President of the United States to cause to be built or purchased the vessels therein directed,
November 15, 1814, chap. 3 ; an act for the gradual increase of the navy of the United States, April
29, 1816, chap. 138 ; an act supplementary to an act entitled, "An act concerning the naval establish-
ment," March 1, 1817, chap. 24; an act to amend the act entitled, "An act for the gradual increase of
the navy of the United States," March 3, 1821, chap. 47 ; an act authorizing an additional naval force for
the suppression of piracy, December 20, 1822, chap. I; an act supplementary to an act for the gradual
increase of the navy of the United States, May 17, 1826, chap. 64; an act for the gradual improvement
of the navy of the United States, March 3, 1827, chap. 94 ; an act in addition to the act for the gradual
improvement of the navy of the United States, March 2, 1833, chap. 67; an act to provide for the enlist-
ment of boys for the naval service, and to extend the term for the enlistment of seamen, March 2, 1837,
chap. 21 ; an act to change the titles of certain officers in the navy, March 3, 1837, chap. 32.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 13. 1794.
wise, in lie?' of the said six ships, a naval force not exceeding, in the may purchase a
whole, that by this act directed, so that no ship thus provided shall carry force not ex:
so provide any proportion thereof, eedi gbh di-
t this
less than thirty-two guns; or he mayg rected by
which, in his discretion, he may think proper. act.
SEc. 6. And be it -furtherenacted, That the pay and subsistence of Pay and sub.
:-A sistence.
the respective commissioned and warrant officers be as follows
captain, seventy-five dollars per month, and six rations per day ;-a lieu-
tenant, forty dollars per month, and three rations per day;-a lieutenant
of marines, twenty-six dollars per month, and two rations per day;-a
chaplain, forty dollars per month, and two rations per day;-a sailing.
master, forty dollars per month, and two rations per day;-a surgeon,
fifty dollars per month, and two rations per day; a surgeon's mate, thirty
dollars per month, and two rations per day ;-a purser, forty dollars per
month, and two rations per day;-a boatswain, fourteen dollars per
month, and iwo rations per day ;-a gunner, fourteen dollars per month,
and two rations per day ;-a sailmaker, fourteen dollars per month, and
two rations per day ;-a carpenter, fourteen dollars per month, and two
rations per day.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That the pay to be allowed to the Pay to petty
petty officers, midshipmen, seamen, ordinary seamen and marines, shall officers to be
fixed by the Pre.
be fixed by the President of the United States: Provided, That the sident.
whole sum to be given for the whole pay aforesaid, shall not exceed Not to exceed
twenty.seven thousand dollars per month, and that each of the said per- certain sum.
-sons shall be entitled to one ration per day.
SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That the ration shall consist of, as Component
follows: Sunday, one pound of bread, one pound and a half of beef, parts of ration.
and half a pint of rice :--Monday, one pound of bread, one pound of
pork, half a pint of peas or beans, and four ounces of cheese :-Tues-
day, one pound of bread, one pound and a half of beef, and one pound
of potatoes or turnips, and pudding : Wednesday, one pound of bread,
two ounces of butter, or in lieu thereof, six ounces of molasses, four
ounces of cheese, and half a pint of rice :-Thursday, one pound of
bread, one pound of pork, and half a pint of peas or beans :--Friday,
one pound of bread, one pound of salt fish, two ounces of butter or one
gill of oil, and one pound of potatoes :-Saturday, one pound of bread,
one pound of pork, half a pint of peas or beans, and four ounces of
cheese :-And there shall also be allowed one half pint ofdistilled spirits
per day, or, in lieu thereof, one quart of beer per day, to each ration.
Sac. 9. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That if a peace When pro.
ceedings under
shall take place between the United States and the Regency of Algiers, this act shall
that no farther proceeding be had under this act. cease.
STATUTE: 1.
CHAP. XIII.--n Act atlowing to Mjor General La Fayette his Pay and Emolu- March 27,1794.
ments while in the service rf the United States.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
.f
of the General
Allowance
La
to
United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be allowed Fee.L
to Major General La Fayette the sum of twenty-four thousand, four hun-
dred and twenty-four dollars, being the amount of the pay and emolu-
ments of a major-general during the time he was in the service of the
United States, and that the same be paid out of any monies which may
be in the treasury and not otherwise appropriated.
ApiRoVED, March 27, 1794.

1352 THIRD CONGRESS. Siss. I. C. 14, 16. 1794.
STATCVTE 1.
April 2, 1794. CHAP. XIV.-&n .ct to provide for the erecting and repairingof rsenals and
[Obsolete.] Magazines, andfor otherpurposes.
Arsenals &c. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
to be establish- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That for
ed. the safe keeping of the military stores, there shall be established under
the direction of the President of the United States, three or four arsenals.
1798, eb. 33. with magazines, as he shall judge most expedient, in such places as will
1803, ch. 32, best accommodate the different parts of the United States. Either or
see. 5. both of the arsenals heretofore used at Springfield and Carlisle, to be
continued as part of the said number, at his discretion: Provided,that
none of the said arsenals be erected, until purchases of the land neces-
sary for their accommodation be made with the consent of the legisla-
ture of the state, in which the same is intended to be erected.
And at each SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That there shall be established,
arsenal, an ar- at each of the aforesaid arsenals, a national armoury, in which shall be
moury. employed one superintendent, and one master-armouref (who .shall be
appointed by the President of the United States) and as many workmen
as the Secretary for the department of war shall, from time to time,
deem necessary, so that the whole number at all the armouries shall not
exceed one hundred. And the said superintendeits shall each receive
as a compensation, seventy dollars per month, and-the said master-
armourers eachfifty dollars per month.
Superintendant SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That there shall be employed an
of military officer, whose duty it shall be (under the direction of the department of
stores.
1813, oh. 48, § 1. war) to superintend the receiving, safe keeping and distribution of the
military stores of the United States, and to call to account all persons,
His compen- to whom the same may be intrusted: he shall receive for .his compensa-
sation,
And by.whom tion, at the rate of one hundred and twenty-five dollars per month, and
appointed, shall be appointed by the President of the United States.
Appropriation SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That a sum not exceeding fifty-
tor carrying this nine thousand dollars, be appropriated for the erecting and repairing of
act into effect, the arsenals and magazines aforesaid, and a sum not exceeding twenty-
two thousand eight hundred and sixty-five dollars for defraying the
expense-ol' the national armouries, for one year ; and the further sum of
three hundred and forty thousand dollars, to be applied, under the direc-
tion of the President of the United States, in the purchase of arms,
ammunition and military stores; which said several sums shall be paid
out of the duties on imports and tonnage, to the end of the present year.
Annual asc- SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That an annual account of the
count of ex- expenses of the national armouries be laid before the legislature of the
pense of" ar. United States, together with' an account of the arms made and repaired
mouries to be
laid before the therein
legislature. APPROVED, April 2, 1794.
STATUTE I.
April 3, 1794. CHSAP. XVI.-dn Jct tranmferring,for a limilted time, the Jurisdiction of Suits
and Offences from the Districtto the Circuit Court ofNew Hampshire,andassign-
ing certain Duties in respect to Invalid Pensioners,to the atorney of the said
[Obsolete.] District.
Actions pend- SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
ing in district tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Thaf all
court of New
Hampshire re- actions commenced or pending in the district court of New Hampshire
moved to next be removed to the next circuit court to be holden in that district, there
circuit court. to be tried and determined, in the same manner, as if the recognizance
of such actions had been originally given to the said circuit court: And
the said circuit court is hereby vested with the cognizance of all actions,
crimes and offences, by the laws now in force, cognizable in the said
district court, and with all the powers and authorities of the said district

THIRD CONGRESS. SESS. I. C. 17, 18,21. 1794.
court; and any judge of the supreme court of the United States, is autho-
rized to do and perform all the duties, by any law of the United States
enjoined upon the said district judge, except as is herein after provided;
the fees to be the same as in the district court, in all such cases. Claims to in-
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the duties enjoined the dis- valid pensions
trict judges, by the act " to regulate the claims to invalid pensions," be, in N. Hampshire
transferred to
and the same are hereby transferred, as far as relates to the district of district attor-
New Hampshire, to the attorney of the said district, whose duty it shall ney.
be to perform the same. 1793, eh. 17.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue in Limitation of
this act.
force until the end of the next session of Congress, or until a new dis-
trict judge be appointed in that district, and no longer.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XVII.--n qct to authorizethe President of the United States in certain April 3, 1794.
ca'es to al'er the place fijr holding a session (f CDngress. [Obsolete.]
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the President of
States in
United States of America in Congress assembled, That whenever the United
certain cases
Congress shall be about to convene, and, from the prevalence of conta- authorized to
gious sickness, or the existence of other circumstances, it would, in the alter place for
holding a ses-
opinion of the President of the United States, be hazardous to the lives sion of Con.
or health of the members to meet at the place to which the Congress gress.
shall then stand adjourned, or at which it shall be next by law to meet, 1799, ch. 12.'
the President shall be, and he hereby is authorized, by proclamation, to
convene the Congress at such other place as he may judge proper.
APPROVED, April 3,1794.
STATUTE L
CHAP. XVIII.-An .Act to provide for placing buoys on certain rocks off the her- April 5, 1794.
bor of New London, and in Providen.ce river, and other places.
SECTIOI. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Secretary of
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Treasury to
Secretary of the Treasury be authorized and directed to cause to be place buoys off
harbors.
placed buoys on the rocks called Black Ledge, or Southwest Ledge, certain
Goshen Reef, Bartlet's Reef, and Race Rock, off the harbor of New
London, in the state of Connecticut, at an expense, not to exceed the
sum of twelve hundred dollars; and to cause to be erected a beacon,
and to be placed two buoys in the harbor of Portsmouth, in the state
of New Hampshire, at an expense, not to exceed the sum of three hun-
dred dollars: And likewise, to cause to be placed-in Providence river, in
the state of Rhode Island, and in Savannah river, in the state of Georgia,
and at the mouth of the same, buoys, not exceeding ten in number, for
each river, and at an expense, not to exceed the sum of five hundred
dollars, for each; the same to be placed in such parts of the said rivers,
as lie may judge most advantageous for the navigation thereof, respec-
tively.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That there be appropriated and Appropriation
paid out of the monies arising from the duties on imports and tonnage, therefor.
the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars for the purpose aforesaid.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXI,-n Act limiting the Time for presenting Claims for destroyed April 21, 1794.
Certificates of certain Descriptions.
[Obsolete.]
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Limitation of
claims for re.
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all newal of certain
claims for the renewal of certificates of the unsubscribed debt of the ceitificates.
Vos.. L--45 2 G2

THIRD CONGRESS. SESS. I. CI. 23. 1794.
United States, of the descriptions commonly called " Loan Office Cer-
tificates," or "Final Settlements," which may have been accidentally
destroyed, shall be forever barred and precluded from settlement or
allowance, unless the same shall be presented at the treasury, on or be-
fore the first day of June, in the year one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-five.
Proceedings SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That no claim shall be allowed
to be had for for the renewal of loan office certificates destroyed before the fourth
establishing
claims, day of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, unless the
destruction or the same was advertised, according to the resolution of
Congress, of the tenth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and
eighty; or before that time, was notified to the office from which the
same was issued, nor shall claims be allowed for the renewal of loanm
office certificates destroyed on or after the said fourth day of March,
one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, nor of final settlement
certificates destroyed at any time, unless the destruction of the same
was so far made public, as to be known to at least two credible witnesses,
soon after it happened, and shall have been before the presentation of
the claim, as hereinafter provided, advertised for at least six weeks
successively, in some one of the newspapers of the state in which the
destruction happened ; and also, in some ohe of the newspapers of the
state in which the certificate issued, if that was another state; the
advertisement or advertisements, in such case, expressing with as much
precision as possible, the number, date and amount of the certificate
alleged to have been destroyed, and the name of the person to whom
the same was issued, together with the time when, the place where, and
the means by which the same was destroyed.
By whom and SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all claims for the renewal
how long to be of destroyed certificates, of either of the descriptions aforesaid, not pr-
received. cluded by this act, shall be receivable, with the evidence in support of
the same, by the Auditor of the Treasury, until the said first day of
June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, and shall, by the
accounting officers of the treasury, be duly examined; and if satisfac-
torily supported, the claimants shall be entitled to receive certificates of
registered debt, equal to the specie value of the loan office or final settle..
ment certificates so proved to have been destroyed.
STATUT I.
May 8, 1794. CHAP. XXHI.-An dCt to establish the Post-office and Post-roads within the
[Obsolete.]
United States.
Establishment SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of Post Roads of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the follow-
afterfirstJune ing be established as post-roads, namely: From Passamaquoddy, in the
t70, ch. 43. district of Maine, to Saint Mary's in Georgia, by the following route, to
1810, ch. 37. wit: From Passamaquoddy, through Machias, Gouldsborough, Sullivan,
Trenton, Bluehill, Penobscott, Frankfort, Belfast, Ducktrap, Camden,
Thomaston, Warren, Waldoborough, Bristol, Nobleborough, Newcastle,
Wiscassett, Bath, Brunswick, North Yarmouth, Portland, Biddeford,
Wells, York, Portsmouth, Newburvport, Ipswich, Salem, Boston, Wor-
cester, Brookfield, Springfield, Hartford, Middletown, New-Haven,
Stratford, Fairfield, Noralk, Stamford, New-York, Newark, Eliza-
betlhtown, Bridgetown, Woodbridge, Brunswick, Princeton, Trenton,
Bristol, Philadelphia, Chester, Wilmington, Christiana, Elkton, Charles.
town, iavre de Grace, Harford, Baltimore, Bladensburg, the city of
Washington, Georgetown, Alexandria, Colchester, Dumfries, Fredericks,
burg, Bowling-Green, Hanover Courthouse, Richmond, Petersburg,
Goldson's, Warrenton, Lewisburg, Raleigh, Averysborough, Fayette-
ville, Lunibrton, Cheraw Courthouse, Camden, Columbia, Edgefield

THIRD CONGRESS. Srss. I. C. '23. 1794.
Courthouse, Augusta and Waynesborough, to Savannah; and thence by Establishment

Newport Brido-e, and Saint Savilla, to the town of Saint Mary's. From of Post Roads
Portland, by TYew Gloucester, Green, Monmouth, Winthrop, and Hollo- after first June
next.
well Courthouse, to Pittstown, on the river Kennebeck. From Ports-
mouth, by Exeter, Chester, Amherst, Keen, and Walpole, to Charles-
town. From Chester, by Concord and Plymouth, to Haverhill. From
Exeter to Hampton Falls. From Salem to. Gloucester. From Salem to
Marblehead. From Boston to Plymouth, Sandwich and Falmouth; and
from Falnouth to Edgartown on Martha's Vineyard. From Sandwich
to Barnstable and Yarmouth. From Boston to Taunton and New Bed-
ford, and thence to Nantucket. From Boston to Hartford in Connecti-
cut, by Dadham, Mendon, and Pomfret. From Boston to Keen. From
Bo)ston, through Andover and Haverhill, to Chester. From Taunton to
Providence; and from Taunton, by Dighton and Somerset, to Warren.
From New Bedford to Newport. From Boston, by Providence, Nor-
wich, New London, Saybrook and Guilford, to New-Haven. From
Newport, by Bristol and Warren, to Providence. From Newport, by
East Greenwich, to Providence. From Newport, by Westerly and
Stonington Point, to New London. From Springfield, by North Hamp-
ton, Greenfield, Brattleborough, Westminster, Charlestown, Windsor,
Hanover and Haverhill, to Newbury. From Springfield, by Stockbridge,
to Kinderhook. From Brookfield, by North Hampton, Pittsfield and
New Lebanon, to Albany. From Hartford, by New Hartford, through
Norfolk, Canaan, Sheffield, and Hillsdale, to the city of Hudson. From
Hartford to Norwich. From Hartford, by Middletown, to New Lon-
don. From Hartford, by Farmington, Harwington, Litchfield, New
Milford, Newtown, Danbury, Ridgefield, Poundridge, Salem, North
Castle, amd White Plains, to New York. From New York, by Peeks-
kill, Fishkill, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Redhook, Clermont, Hudson,
and Kinderhook, to Albany. From Albany, by Lansingburg, Benning-
ton, Manchester, Rutland, Middlebury and Vergennes, to Burlington,
on Lake Champlain. From Rutland to Windsor, in the state of
Vermont. From Albany, by Schenectady, Johnston, Cannojoharrie,
and Whitestown, to Canandorque; and from some convenient point
in that line, through Cherry Valley, to the Courthouse in Coopers-
town, in the county of Otsego. From the city of New York, by
the most useful routerto Sagg Harbor. From Newark or Elizabeth-
town, by Morristown and Rockaway, to Sussex Courthouse; and from
thence, by Hacketstown and Morristown, to Elizabethtown or Newark.
From Woodbridge to Amboy. From Trenton, by Allentown, Mon-
mouth Courthouse, Shrewsbury and Spotswood, to Brunswick; and from
Brunswick, by Somerset Courthouse, New Germantown, Pittston and
Flemington, to Trenton. From Philadelphia, by Bethlehem, Easton,
Sussex Courthouse, Goshen, Ward's bridge, and Kingston, to Rhine-
beck. From Bethlehem to Reading. From Philadelphia, by Wood-
bury, Swedesborough and Salem, to Bridgetown, in West New Jersey.
From Philadelphia, by Norristown, Pottsgrove, Reading, Lebanon, and
Harrisburg, to Carlisle. From Reading to Lancaster. Frbm Philadel-
phia, by Lancaster, Yorktown, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg,
Bedford and Greensburg, to Pittsburg. From Pittsburg, by Washing-
ton in Pennsylvania, West-liberty in Virginia, and Wheeling, on the
Ohio, to Limestone and Fort Washington. From Limestone, by Bour-
bontown, Lexington, Frankfort, and Harrodsburg, to Danville, in Ken-
tuckv. From Danville, by Bardstown, to Louisville. From Yorktown,
in Pennsylvania, by Hanover, Petersburg and Tawneytown, to Frede-
ricktown, in Maryland, and thence to Leesburg, in Virginia. From
Wilmington, in the state of Delaware, New Castle, Cantwell's bridge
and Duck creek, to Dover; and from thence, by Frederica, Millford,
Daggsborough, Snowhill, Horntown, and Accomack Courthouse, to

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cif. 23. 1794.
Establishment Northampton Courthouse; and thence, to Norfolk, Hampton or York-

of Post Roads town. From Philadelphia, by Wilmington, Middletown, Warwick,
after first June
next. Georgetown, Crossroads, Chestertown, Chestermills, Easton, Vienna
and Salisbury, to Snowhill; and from Snowhill to Princess Ann; and
thence to Salisbury; and from Chestertown to Baltimore, at all times,
when a stage passes between those two places. From Elkton to War-
wick. From Harford to Bellair. From Baltimore to Annapolis, Upper
Marlborough, Piscataway, Port Tobacco, Allen's Fresh, Newport, and
Chaptico, to Leonardtown. From Baltimore to Yorktown in Pennsyl-
vania. From Baltimore, by Fredericktown and Hagerstown, to Cham-
bersburg. From Hagerstown, by Sharpsburg, to Shepherdstown. From
Fredericktown, by Peterstown, and Montgomery Courthouse, to George-
town, on Potowmac. From Hagerstown, by Hancock, Oldtown, Cum-
berland, Morgantown in Virginia, and Uniontown in Pennsylvania, to
Brownsville on the Monongahela. From Alexandria, by Salisbury,
Leesburg, Sihepherdstown, Martinsburg, Winchester, Stephensburg,
Strasburg, Woodstock, and Rockingham Courthouse, to Staunton.
From Fredericksburg, by Portroyal, to Tappahannock; thence across
the Rappahannock, to Richmond Courthouse, Westmoreland Court.
house, Kinsale on Yeocomico, and Northumberland Courthouse, to Lan-
caster Courthouse; thence recrossing the Rappahannock, to Urbanna,
and from Urbanna to Gloucester Courthouse. From Fredericksburg,
by Culpepper and Orange Courthouses, to Charlottesville. From Rich.
mond, by New Castle, Ayletts Warehouse, and Todd's bridge, to Tappa-
hannock. From Richmond, by Williamsburg, Yorktown and Hamp-
ton, to Norfolk. From Richmond, by Columbia and Charlottesville, to
Staunton; thence to Lexington, Fincastle, Montgomery Courthouse,
Wythe Courthouse, and Abingdon, to Jonesborough, in the territory
southwest of the Ohio; thence by Greensville and Jefferson Courthouse,
to Knoxville. From Staunton to Bath Courthouse; thence to the
Sweet Springs; and thence to Greenbrier Courthouse. From Rich-
mond, by Powhatan Courthouse, Cumberland Courthouse, Prince Ed-
ward Courthouse, Lynchbur.g,.New London and Liberty, to Fincasle.
From Prince Edward Courthouse, by Charlotte Courthouse, Halifax
Courthouse and Pittsylvania Courthouse, to Martinsburg; and thence
to Bethania. From Martinsburg to Liberty. From Osborne's to Ber-
muda Hundred. From Petersburg, by Cabinpoint, Smithfield and Suf-
folk, to Portsmouth and Norfolk. . From Smithfield, by Southampton
Courthouse to Grenville Courthouse. From Petersburg to Halifax, in
North Carolina. From Goldson's, by Saint Tammany's and Mecklen-
burg Co'urthouse, to Halifax Courthouse, in Virginia. From Suffolk,
by Edenton, Plymouth, Washington and Newbern, to Wilmington.
From Plymouth to Windsor. From Edenton, by Hertford, Nixonton,
Sawyer's ferry in Camden county, to Indian Town in Currituck county.
From Halifax to Princeton and Murfreesborough, on Meherrin river;
thence to Winton on Chowan river; and thence by the bridge on Ben-
net's creek, to R. Mitchell's, which is on the post road from Suffolk to
Edenton. From Halifax, by Blountsville, Williamston and Dailev's to
Plymouth. From Halifax, by Warrenton, Oxford, Hillsborough, "Mar-
tinville and Salem, to Salisbury. From Salisbury, by Cabarras Court-
house, to Charlotte, to return by Iredel Courthouse to Salisbury. From
Salisbury to Fayetteville, to go and return by the following route, alter-
nately: by Montgomery, Anson and Richmond Courthouses, to Fayette-
ville; thence by Moore and Randolph Courthouses, back to Salisbury.
From Halifax, by Tarborough and Greenville, to Washington; and from
Tarborough to Lewisburg. From Newbern, by.Kingston, Waynesbo-
rough and Smithfield, to Raleigh. From Raleigh, by Chapel-hill, to
Ilillsborough; and from Chapel-hill, to Chatham Courthouse. From
Hillsborough, by Person Courthouse, Caswell Courthouse and Rocking-'

THIRD CONGRESS. SESs. I. C. 23. 1794.
ham Courthouse, to Germanton. From Fayetteville to Wilmington; Establishment

the mail to go alternately by Elizabethtown and return by South Wash- of
afterPost-roads
first Jane
ington, the cross roads near Duplin Courthouse and Sampson Court- next.
house. From Salem, by Bethania, Huntsville, Rockford and Wilkes,
to Morganton, in North Carolina; and from Morganton, by Lincolnton,
to Pinckney Courthouse, in South Carolina. From Cheraw Courthouse
to Georgetown. From Camden, by Statesburg, to Charleston. From
Charleston, by Coosawatchy to Sister's ferry, on Savannah river, and
thence to the post road from Augusta to Savannah; and from Coosa-
watchy to Beaufort. From Columbia, by Orangeburg, to Charleston.
From Columbia, to Newbury Courthouse and Laurens Courthouse, to
Greenville Courthouse. From Edgefield Courthouse to Cambridge, and
thence by Abbeville Courthouse, to Pendleton Courthouse. From Co-
lumbia, by Winnsborough, Pinckney Courthouse, Spartan Courthouse
and Grenville Courthouse, to Washington Courthouse. From Wash-
ington Courthouse, by Pendleton Courthouse, to Hatton's ford, on Tug-
eloo river; and thence by Franklin Courthouse, Elberton and Peters-
burg, to Washington, in Georgia. From Augusta to Washington, thence
to Greensborough; and thence, by.the great falls of Ogechee and George-
town, to Augusta.
Provided, That -until the Postmaster General shall have made provi- Certain road
sion for the regular transportation of the mail from Wheeling to Lime- in Kentucky
how long to
stone, the present post road from Abington to Danville in Kentucky, continue.
shall be continued; and if such provision cannot be made within a rea-
sonable time, then the post road shall be extended from Danville, to
Frankfort and Lexington; and thence to Washington.
SFc.' 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Postmaster
Postmaster General to provide, by contract, for the carriage of a mail on General formay
provide car.
any road on which a stage wagon or other stage carriage shall be estab- rying mail on
lished, on condition that the expense thereof shall not exceed the re- certain roads.
venue thence arising.
It shall also be lawful for the .Postmaster General to enter. into con- to And in-
enter not
contract
tracts, for a term not exceeding eight years, for extending the line of exceeding eight
posts, and to authorizethe persons, so contracting, as a compensation years forex-
for their expennes, to receive, during the continuance of such contracts, tending line of
at rates not exceeding those for like distances established by this act,
posts.
all the postage which shall arise on letters, newspapers, magazines, 1810, ch. 37,
pamphlets and packets, conveyed by any such post: Arid the roads 42.
designated in such contracts shall, during the continuance thereof, be
deemed and considered as post roads, within the provisions of this act:
And a duplicate of every such contract shall, within sixty days after the
execution thereof, be lodged in the office of the Comptroller of the
treasury of the United States.
S.c. 3. And be it further enacted, That there shall be established at General Post
the seat of the government of the United States, a general post-office; Office at seat of
and there shall be one Postmaster General, who shall have authority to government.
appoint an assistant, and deputy postmasters at all such places, as he
shall find necessary: And he shall provide for carrying the mail of the Postmaster
United States, by stage carriages or horses, as he may judge most expe- General, his
powers.
dient; and as often as he, having regard to the productiveness thereof,
as well as other circumstances, shall think proper, and defray the ex-
pense thereof, with all other expenses arising on the collection and man-
agement of the revenue of the post-office: He shall also have power to
prescribe such regulations to the deputy postmasters, and others employ-
ed under him, as may be found necessary, and to superintend the busi-
ness of the department, in all the duties, that are or may be assigned to
it, and also to direct the route or road, where there are more than one,
between the places above established; which route or road shall be con-
sidered as-the post road.

358 THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. L Cit. 23. 1794.
To settle
counts ac-
quarter- SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That the Postmaster General shall,
ly, with the once in three months, obtain from his deputies, the accounts and vouch-
Secretary of'the ers of their receipts and expenditures, and the balance due thereon, and
Treasury, render to the Secretary of the Treatury a quarterly account of all the re-
ceipts and expenditures in the said department, to be adjusted and settled,
as other public accounts; and shall pay, quarterly into the treasury of
the United States, the balance in his hands: And the Postmaster Gene-
and with per. ral, and his assistant, the deputy postmasters, and such as they may en-
sons employed p
by him- ploy in their offices, before they enter upon the duties, or be entitled to
receive the emoluments of their offices; and the contractors fbr carry-
ing the mail, and their agents or servants, and all others to whom the
mail shall be entrusted, before they commence the execution of the said
trust, shall, respectively, take and subscribe before some justice of the
peace, the following oath or affirmation, and cause a certificate thereof
To take oath. to be filed in the office of the Postmaster General : "I do swear (or
affirm, as the case may be) that I will faithfully perform all the duties
required of me, and abstain from every thing forbidden by the law in
relation to the establishment of post-offices and post roads within the
United States."
Penalty on SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall obstruct
obstructing the
mail and negli- or retard the passage of the mail, or of any horse or carriage carrying
gence of ferry- the same, he shall, upon conviction, for every such offence, pay a fine
men. not exceeding one hundred dollars: And if any ferryman shall, by wil-
ful negligence, or refusal to transport the mail across any ferry, delay
the same, he shall forfeit and pay, for each half hour, that the same shall
be so delayed, a sum not exceeding ten dollars.
Postmaster SEc. 6. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
General to give Postmaster General, to give public notice in one or more of the news-
notice previous
to makingocon. papers published at the seat of government of the United States, and in
tract for carry- one or more of the newspapers published in the state or states, where
ing the mail, the contract is to be performed, for at least six weeks before the entering
into any contract for the conveyance of the mail, that §uch contract is
intended to be made, and the day on which it shall be concluded, de-
scribing the places, from and to which, such mail is to be conveyed; the
time, at which, it is to be made up; the day and hour, at which, it is to
be delivered, and the penalty or penalties for non-performance of the
stipulations: He shall, moreover, within thirty days after the making of
and lodge the any contract, lodge the same, together with the proposals, which he shall
contract in have received respecting it, in the office of the Comptroller of the trea-
Comptroller's
office. sury of the United States: Provided, That no co.trict shall be entered
into, for a longer term than four years.
Deputy Poot- SEc. 7. And be it further enacted, That every deputy postmaster
an office.to keep shall
master keep an office, in which one or more persons shall attend, at such
hours, as the Postmaster General shall direct, for the purpose of perform-
ing the duties thereof; and all letters, brought to any post-office, half an
hour befote the time of making up the mail at such office, shall be for-
warded therein; except at such post-offices where, in the opinion of the
Postmaster General, it requires more time for making up the mail, and
which he shall accordingly prescribe; but this shall, in no case, exceed
one hour.
Allowance to SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day
Postmaster of June next, the Postmaster General shall be allowed, for his services,
General and his
assistant, at the rate of two thousand four hundred dollars per annum, his assist-
ant, at the rate of one thousand two hundred dollars per annum, and
the Postmaster General shall be allowed -four clerks, whose compensa-
tion shall be regulated in such manner, as not to exceed five hundred
dollars per annum to each : All the above mentioned compensations to
be paid quarterly out of the revenues of the post-office; and no fees or
perquisites shall be received by any person employed in the general post-

office, on account of the duties to be performed, in virtue of his appoint-

ment.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That the deputy postmasters and Ratesofpost-
persons authorized by the Postmaster General, shall demand and receive, age.
for the conveyance of letters and packets, except such as are herein-
after excepted, the following rates of postage: For every single letter
conveyed by land, not exceeding thirty miles, six cents; over thirty
miles and not exceeding sixty, eight cents; over sixty, and not exceed-
ing one hundred, ten cents; over one hundred miles, and not exceed-
ing one Landred and fifty, twelve cents and a half; over one hundred
and fifty miles, and not exceeding two hundred, fifteen cents; over two
hundred miles, and not exceeding two hundred and fifty', seventeen cents;
over two hundred and fifty miles, and not exceeding three hundred and
fifty, twenty cents; over three hundred and fifty miles, and not exceed-
ing four hundred and fifty, twenty-two cents; and more than four hun-
dred and fifty miles, twenty-five cents; and for every double letter,
double the said rates; for every triple letter, triple; and for every packet
weighing one ounce avoirdupois, at the rate of four single letters; and
in that proportibn for any greater weight.
SFc. 10. And be it further enacted, That for all letters and packets Rates of let.
passing by sea, to and from the United States, or from one port to ters passing by
another therein, in packet boats or vessels, the property'of, or provided "ea.
by the United States, postage shall be ehatged, as follows: For every
single letter, eight cents; for every double letter, sixteen cents; for
every triple letter, or packet, twenty-four cents; and for every letter
or packet brought into the United States, or carried from one port
therein. to another, by sea, in any private ship or vessel, four cents, if
delivered at the place where the same shall arrive; and if directed to be
delivered at any other place, with the addition of like postage, as other
letters are made subject to the payment of, by this act.
SEc. 11. And be it further enacted, That if any deputy postmaster, Penalty on
or other person authorized by the Postmaster General to receive the demanding or
receiving be.
postages of letters, shall fraudulently demand or receive any rate of yond stipulated
postage, or any gratuity or reward, other than is provided by this act, postage.
for the postage of letters or packets, on conviction thereof, he shall for-
feit, for every such offence, one hundred dollars, and shall be rendered
incapable of holding any office or appointment under the United States.
SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That no ship or vessel arriving Duty of' mas.
at any port within the United States, where a post-office is established, ters of vessels
shall be permitted to report, make entry, or break bulk, until the master pr report,
or commander shall have delivered to the postmaster, all letters directed &c.
to any person or persons, within the United States, which, under his
care, or within his power, shall be brought in such ship or-vessel, except
such as are directed to the owner or consignee of the ship or vessel, and
except also such as are directed to be delivered at the port of delivery,
to which such ship or vessel may be bound. And it shall be the duty of Duty or col.
the collector, or other officer of the port empowered to receive entries lectors herein.
of ships or vessels, to require from every master or commander of such
ship or vessel, an oath or affirmation, purporting that he has delivered
all such letters, except as aforesaid.
SEc. 13. And be it .frther enacted, That the postmasters, to whom Of' Postmas-
such letters may be delivered, shall pay to the master, commander or ters on receipt
other person delivering the same, except the commanders of foreign of foreign let.
term.
packets, two cents for each letter or packet, and shall obtain from the
person delivering the same, a certificate specifyincr the number of letters
and packets, with the name of the ship or vessel, and the place, from
whence she last sailed; which certificate, together vith a receipt for the
money, shall be, with his quarterly accounts, transmitted to the Post-
master General, who shall credit him with the amount.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I Cn. 23. 1794.
Penalty on SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That if any person, other than
persons offend-
ing against thisthe Postmaster General, or his deputies, or persons by them employed,
act. shall be concerned in setting up, or maintaining any foot or horse-post,
stage wagon, or other stage carriage, on any established post-road, or
any packet boat or other vessel, to ply regularly from one place to ano-
ther, between which a regular communication by water shall be estab-
lished by the United States, and shall receive any letter or packet,
other than newspapers, magazines or pamphlets, and carry the same by
such foot or horse-post, stage wagon or other stage carriage, packet boat
or vessel, (excepting only such letter or letters, as may be 'directed to
the owner or owners of such conveyance, and relating to the same, or to
the person, to whom any package or bundle in such conveyance is
intended to be delivered) every person, so offending, shall forfeit, for
every such offence, the sum of fifty dollars: Provided, That it shall be
lawful for any person to send letters or packets by a special messenger.
Deputies to SEc. 15. And be it further enacted, That the deputy postmasters and
account with other agents of the Postmaster General, shall duly account, and answer
Postmaster
General for to him, for all way letters, which shall come to their hands: And for
way-letters. this purpose, the post-riders and other carriers of the mail, receiving
any way letter or letters (and it shall be their duty to receive them, if
presented more than two miles from.a post-office) shall deliver the same,
together with the postage, if paid, at the first post-office, to which they
shall afterwards arrive, where the postmaster shall duly enter the same,
and specify the number and rate or rates in the post-bill, adding to the
rate of each way letter, one cent, which shall be paid by the deputy
postmaster, to the mail carrier from whom such way letter shall be
received. And that letters, directed to persons living between post-
offices, may be delivered, and the postage thereof duly collected, it shall
be the duty of the carriers of the mail, to take chargd of, and deliver
all such letters, as shall, for that purpose, be committed to them, by any
deputy postmaster, and collect the postage thereof, which shall be paid
over to such deputy postmaster$ on demand: And for every letter, so
delivered, the mail carrier delivering the same, shall be allowed to
demand and receive two cents to his own use, besides the ordinary
postage. And if any deputy postmaster, or other agent of the Postmas.
ter General, shall neglect so to account, he or they so*offending, shall,
on conviction'thereof, forfeit for every such offence, a sum not exceed-
ing fifty dollars: Provided,That no mail carriers shall make such deli-
veries at any place not on the post-road : Provided also, That the receipt
and delivery of letters on the way, between post-offices, shall not be
required of the mail carriers, in cases where, in the opinion of the
Postmaster General, the time or manner of carrying the mail, or the
speed of conveyance, is incompatible with such receipts and deliveries.
un detaining SEc. 16. And be it further enacted, That if any person employed in
or secreting let- any of the departments of the general post-office, shall unlawfully detain,
ters. delay or open any letter, packet, bag or mail of letters, with which he
shall be entrusted, or which shall have come to his possession, and which
are intended to be conveyed by post; or if any such person shall secrete,
embezzle or destroy any letter or packet entrusted to him, as aforesaid,
and which shall not contain any security for, or assurance relating to
money, as herein after described, every such offebder, being thereof duly
convicted shall, for every such offence, be fined, not exceeding three
hundred dollars, or imprisoned, not exceeding six months, or both,
according to the circumstances and aggravations of the offence. And
if any person employed, as aforesaid, shall secrete, embezzle or destroy,
any letter, packet, bag or mail of letters with which he shall be entrusted,
or which shall have come to his possession, and are intended to be con-
veyed by post, containing any bank-note, or bank post-bill, bill of
exchange, warrant of the treasury of the United States, npte of assign-

THIRD CONGRESS.' SEss.I.'C.23. 1794. 361
the funds, letters of attorney forreceiving annuities or

ment of stock ifi Penalty on de-
divideuids, or for selling stock in the funds, or for receiving the interest taining or se-
thereof, or any letter of credit, or note for, or relating to the payment creting letters.
of money, or any bond or warrant, draft, bill or promissory note, what-
soever, for the payment of money; or if any such person, employed as
aforesaid, shall steal or take any of the same, out of any letter, packet,
bag or mail of letters, that shall come to his possession, lie shall, on
conviction for any such offence, stiffer death. And if any person, who
shall have taken charge of the mail of the United States, shall quit or
desert the same, before his arrival at the next post-office, every such'
person so offending shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding five hun-
dred dollars, for every such offence. And if any person, concerned in
carrying the mail of the United States, shall collect, receive or carry any
letter or packet, or shall cause or procure the same to be done, contrary
to this act, every such offender shall forfeit and 'pay, for every such
offence, a sum not exceeding fifty dollars.
Sec. 17. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons On persons
shall rob any carrier of the mail of the United States, of such mail, or robbing the
ma,.
any part thereof, such offender or offenders shall, on convict.ion thereof,
suffer death. And if any person shall steal the mail, or shall steal and
take from or out of the mail, or from or out of any post-office, any letter
or packet, such person shall, upon conviction, for every such offence, be
fined not exceeding three hundred dollars, or imprisoned not exceeding
six months, or both, according to the circumstances and aggravations of
the offence.
Sec. 18. And be it further enacted, That the deputy-postmasters ,Deputies to
shall, respectively, publish at the expiration of every three months, or publish every
three months a
oftener when the Postmaster General shall so direct, in one of the news- list of letters
papers published at or nearest the place of his residence, for three suc- then on hand,
cessive weeks, a list of all the letters remaining in their respective .
offices, or instead thereof, shall make out a number of such lists, and
cause them to be posted at such public places in their vicinity, as shall
appear to them best adapted for the information of the parties con-
cerned; and at the expiration of the next three months, shall send such
of the said letters as then remain on hand, as dead letters to the general
post-office, where the same shall be opened and inspected; and if any
valuable papers or matter of consequence shall be found therein, it shall
be the duty of the Postmaster General to cause a descriptive list thereof
to be inserted in one of the newspapers published at tfie place most con-
venient to the supposed residence of the owner, if within the United
States; and such letter, and the contents, shall be preserved, to be deliv-
ered to the person to whom the same shall be addressed, upon payment
of the postage and the expense of publication. And if such letter, with
its contents, be not demanded by the person to whom it is addressed, or
the owner thereof, or his lawful agent, within two years after the adver-
tisement thereof, as aforesaid, the said contents shall be applied to the
use of the United States, until the same shall be reclaimed by the pro-
prietor thereof. The mauner of such application to be specially stated
by the Postmaster General to the Secretary of the Treasury.
Sac. 19. And be it firthcr enacted, That the followingn letters and Certain letters
nto be conveyed
packets, and no other, shall be received and conveyed by post free of free of postage.
postage, under such restrictions as are herein after provided ; that is to
say; all letters and packets, to or from the President or Vice President
of the United States, and all letters and packets, not exceeding two
ounces in weight, to or from any member of the Senate or House of
Representatives, the Secretary of the Senate or Clerk of the House of
Representatives, during their actual attendance in any session of Con-
gress, and twenty days after such s ssion ; all letters to and from the
Secretary of the Treasury, Co.mptroller, Register and Auditor of the
Vor.. L.-46 2 H

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Ci. 23. 1794.
Treasury, the Treasurer, the Secretary of State, the Secretary at War,

Commissioner of the Revenue, the Postmaster General, his assistant and
deputies: And the deputy postmasters shall receive, besides their other
allowances, two cents for each free letter or packet (their own excepted)
which shall be delivered to the person addressed out of their respective
offices. Provided, That no person shall frank or inclose any letter or
packet, other than his own; but any public letter or packet from the
department of the treasury, may be franked by the Secretary of the
Treasury, or by the Comipissioner of the Revenue, Comptroller, Regis-
ter, Auditor or Treasurer: And that each person before named shall
deliver into the post-office, every letter or packet inclosed to him, which
may be directed to any other person, noting the place from whence it
came by post, and the usual postage shall be charged thereon: .dndpro-
vided also, That no letter to or from a deputy postmaster shall be free
of postage, if it exceeds h4lf an ounce in weight.
Penalty on SEc. 20. And be it farther enacted, That if any person shall coun-
coun'erfeiting terfeit the hand-writing of any other person, iiorder to evade the pay-
the franking of
letters, merit of postage, such person or persons so offending, and being thereof
duly convicted, shall forfeit and pay, for every such offence, the sum of
one hundred dollars.
Privilege of SEC. 21. And be it further enacted, That every printer of newspapers
newspaperpiin- may send one paper to each and every other printer of newspapers within
ters. the United States, free-of postage, under such regulations as the Post-
master General shall provide.
Newspapers SEC. 22. And be it further enacted, That all newspapers conveyed
how to be put in the mail, shall be under cover, open at one end, carried in separate
up for the mail. bags from the letters, and charged with the payment of one cent each,
for any distance not more than one hundred miles, and one cent and a
half for any greater distance: Provided, That the postage of a single
newspaper, from any one place to another in the same state, shall not
exceed one cent. And that where the mode of conveyance, and the
size of the mails will admit of it, magazines and pamphlets may be
transported in the mail, at one cent per sheet, for conveyance, any dis-
tance not exceeding fifty miles, one and a half cent for any distance
over fifty miles and not exceeding one hundred, and two cents per sheet
Postmaster for any greater distance. And it shall be the duty of the Postmaster
General and General and his deputies to keep a separate account for the newspapers,
deputies to keep magazines and pamphlets; and the deputy-postmasters shall receive fifty
separate ac-
counts of them, per cent. on the postage thereof, exclusively of their other allowances:
Fine on en- And if any letter, memorandum in writing, or other thing be inclosed
Closing letters, in, 6r placed among such newspapers, or if any note or memorandum,
&c. ia newpa- other'than the name of the person to whom it is addiessed, be written
upon any such newspaper, the letter, memorandum, or other thing so
inclosed or placed, and the newspaper on which such memorandum shall
be written, shall be detained by the deputy-postmaster, until a sum shall
be paid him equal to the postage of the whole packet in which they shall
be found, calculating such postage at the rates established by this act
for letters and packets. And that arty printer, or other person, who shall
conceal a letter, or any memorandum in writing, in a newspaper, or
among any package of newspapers, shall be liable, on conviction, to a
fine for each offence not exceeding five dollars. And if any of the per-
On embezzling sons employed in any department of the post-office shall unlawfully de-
newspapers. lain, delay, embezzle or destroyany newspaper, magazine or pamphlet,
with which he shall be entrusted, such offenders, for every such offence,
Postmaster shall forfeit ii sum not exceeding fifty dollars&: Provided, That the Post-
General may master General, in any contract he may enter into, for the conveyance
permit contrac-
tors to carry of the mail, may authorize the person with whom such contract is made,
newspalers, to carry newspapers, magazines and pamphlets, other than those carried
in the mail.

THIRD CONGRESS. Srss. I. Cii. 23. i794. 963
SEc 123. And be it further enacted, That the Postmaster Genera] be, And allow
and he is hereby authorized to allow to the deputy pstmasters, respec- commission to
tively, such commission on the monies arising from the postage of letters deputies.
and packets, as he shall think adequate to their respective services and
expenses: Provided, The said commission shall not exceed twenty per Not to exceed
cent..to any one deputy, except the postmaster .at the port where the except20 pe! cent.
at port
European packets do or shall arrive, to whom such farther allowance, were packets
in addition to the emoluments of his office, shall be made, as the Post- arrive,
master General shall deem a reasonable compensation for his extra
services, in the receipt and dispatch of letters originally received into
his office, from on board such packets, and by him forwarded to other
offices: And exc.pt the deputy postmaster at Burlington, on Lake Chain- and at Burling.
plain, whose compensation the Postmaster Genera] is hereby authorized ton on Lake
to augment, on account of his extra trouble in receiving mails Passing Champlain.
to and from Canada, to a sum, not exceeding one hundred dollars per
annum: And except certain deputy postmasters who are obliged to rise Allowance to
in the night to receive mails, whose compensations the Postmaster Ger- certain deputies
cent. ol who rise in the
era] is hereby authorized to increase, not exceeding forty per packets: night
the amount of monies arising on the postage of letters and
And provided also, That the compensations aforesaid shall not exceed Not to exceed
one thousand eight hundred dollars per annum to any one postmaster, sum, $,SOO per an.
excepting the deputy postmaster at Philadelphia, who shall be allowed a Except deputy
compensation, not exceeding the sum of three thousand five hundred postmasters at
dollars a year, including all perquisites and emoluments, of which a,Philadelphia
regular account shall be rendered to the Postmaster General: And ex- and New York.
cepting the deputy postmaster at New York, who shall be allowed a
compensation, not exceeding two thousand seven hundred dollars a year,
including all perquisites and emoluments, of which a regular account
shall be rendered, as aforesaid: Provided also, That the reasonable Allowance of
charges of the deputy postmasters for stationery, for cases necessary for stationery, &c.
the safe-keeping and convenient distribution of letters, and for adver-
tising the lists of letters, from time to time, remaining in their offices,
accxmpanied with proper vouchers, shall be admitted by the Postmaster
General, and placed to their credit : And there shall also be allowed Extra allow-
to the deputy postmaster of Philadelphia, for his extraordinary expenses ance to post.
incurred in the execution of his office, under the existing law, an ad- masterofPhila.
ditional compensation, at. the rate of eight hundred and fifty'dollars a
year, to be computed from the first day of July, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-two, to the first day of June next.(a)
(a) The decisions of the courts of the United States on the duties and obligations of the "Postmaster
General," ' Postmasters," and the " Post-office," have been:
When the issue is taken upon the Deglect of the postmaster himself, it is not competent to give in
evidence theneglect of his assistant. Dunlop v. Monroe, 7 Cranch, 242; 2 Cond. Rep. 484.
When it is intended to charge a postmaster for the neeligence of his assistants, the pleadings must be
made up according to the case; and his liability then will
only result from his own neglect in not properly
superintending the discharge of their duties in his offile. Ibid.
In order to make a postniaster liable for neeligence, it must appear that the loss or injury sustained by
the plaiitiff, was the consequence of hisnegligence. Ibid.
Parol evidence can not be given, that one set of written instructions from the postmaster general super-
seded the other. Ibid.
The circuit courts of the Union have jurisdiction, under the constitution, and the acts of' April 30,
110, sec. 29, and of March 3. 1815, sec. 4, of suits brought in the name of "1The Postmaster General of'
the United States," on bonds given to the postmaster general by a deputy postmaster, conditioned " to
pay all monies that shall come to his hands for the postages of whatever is by law chargeable with po-t-
age, to the postmaster general of the United States for the time being, deducting only the commission and
allowances made by law, for his care, trouble and charges in managing said office,- &c. Postmaster
General v.Early, 12 Wheat. 136; 6 Cond. Rep. 4S0.
The postmster general has a right to take a bond friom postmaeters 'tohin as postmaster general,
under the different acts establishing and regulating the post-office departmnent; and particularly under ilhe
act of May 1, 1S10, chap. 42, sec. 29. Ibid.
An entry in the post hill, is by no ineaus conclusive evidence of the transmission of a letter so as to
charge the postmaster for it ; still, it may never have been put into the mail, or it m'ayhave been stolen
on the passage. Dunlop v. Monroe, 7 Crunch, 2-12 : 2 Cond. Rep. 484.
The neglect of the postmaster general to sue for balances due by postmasters, with*i the time prer

364 THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 23. 1794.
Postmaster SEC. 24. And be it farther enacted, That if any deputy postmaster,
Or other person authorized to receive the postage of letters and packets,
general to pros-
ecute deputies es an
neglecting to shall neglect or refuse to render his accounts, and pay over to the Post-
settle, and master General, the balance by him due, at the end of every three montbs,
scribed by law, although he is thereby rendered personally chargeable by the United States with such
balances, is not a discharge of such postmasters or their sureties from liability on their official bonds.
Nor is an order from the postmaster general to retain those balances, directed to the postmaster, until
they should be drawn for by the general post-office. Locke v. The Postmaster General, 3 Mason's C. C.
R. 446.
The provisions of law enjoining on the postmaster general to require from his deputies regular periodi-
cal settlements and payments, are directory to him, but they form no condition in the contract between
the postmasters and their sureties. Ibid.
The postmaster general cannot sue in the federal courts under that part of the constitution which gives
tjrisdiction to those courts in consequence of the character of the party, nor is he authorized to sue by
e judiciary act. He comes into the courts of the United States under the authority of 'an act of Con-
gress, the constitutionality of which rests upon the admission that his suit is a case arising under a law
of the United States. Osborn et al. ts. The Bank of United States, 9 Wheat. 738 ; 5 Cond. Rep. 741.
The act of Congress, for regulating the post-bffice department, does not, in terms, discharge the obli-
gors, in the official bond of a deputy postmaster, from the direct claim of the United States upon them,
on the failure of the postmaster general to commence a suit against the defaulting postmaster, within the
time prescribed by law. Their liability, therefore, continues. They remain the debtors of the United
States. The responsibility of the postmaster general is superadded to, not substituted for, that of the
obligors. Dox et al. v. The Postmaster General, 1 Peters, 323.
The claim of the United States, upon the official bond of a postmaster, and upon all the parties thereto,
is not released by the ]aches of the postmaster general, to whom the assertion of this claim is entrusted
by law. Such laches have no effect, whatsoever, on the claims of the United States, as well on the
sureties, as upon the principal in the bond. Ibid.
The circuit court of the United States for the District of Columbia, has a right to award a mandamus
to the postmaster general of the United States, requiring him to pass to the credit of certain contractors
carrying the United States mail, a sum found to be due to them, by the solicitor of the treasury of the
united States, the solicitor acting under the provisions of a special act of Congress. The mandanius
does not seek to direct or control the postmaster general in the performance of an official duty, partak-
ing in any respect of an executive character; but to enforce the performance of a mere ministerial act,
s hich neither he, nor the President, has any authority to control. Kendall, Postmaster General v. The
United States, on the relation of Stockton and Stokes, 12 Peters, 524.
The distinction between the relation of a postmaster to his sworn assistant acting under him, and be-
tween master and servant generally, has long-been settled ; and though the latter relation might sanction
the admission of evidence in an action against the postmaster, to show the neglect of the assistant, if
it is intended to charge the postmaster with the neglect of the assistant, the plesiding must be made
up according to the case ; and his liability will then only result fron his neglect in not properly super.
intending the discharge of their duties in his office. Dunlop v. Monroe, 7 Cranch, 242; 2 Cond. Rep.
484.
Where there are items of debit and credit, in a running account between the postmaster general and
the deputy postmasters, in the absence of any specific appiopriation by either party, the credits are to
be applied to the discharge of the debits antecedently due, in the order of the account. Postmaster Ge-
neral v. Furber, 4 Mason's C. C. R. 333.
The official bonds taken by the postmaster general from his deputies are valid; and the omission to
bring suits on such bonds, for the defaults of the principal in. such a bond, does not discharge the sure-
ties. Postmaster General v. Reeder, 4 Wash. C. C. R. 678.
The mere omission to bring suit on such official bonds, by the postmaster general, against a deputy
postmaster, is not, per se, evidence of fraud. Ibid.
The giving a new official bond by a deputy postmaster, does not discharge his sureties under the old
bond, for the past or subsequent defaults of the postmaster. Ibid.
The order of the postmaster general, to the deputy postmaster, not to remit the money he may receive,
but to retain it to answer his drafts, does not discharge the sureties. Ibid.
The equity rule of limitations applied to bonds where there has been no demand for twenty years, is a
mere presumption of payment, not an absolute limitation. Postmaster General v. Rice, Gilpin's D. C.
R. 562.
The provisions of the act of March 3, 1825, releasing the sureties of a deputy postmaster where suit
is not brought within two years after a default, do not apply to a default which occurred before the pass.
ing of the act. Ibid.
The law which limits suits by the postmaster general against sureties, to two years after a default of
the principal, does not operate in cases of balances unpaid at the end of a quarter, which are subse.
quently liquidated by the receipts of a succeeding one. Postmaster General v. Norvel, Gilpin's D. C. R.
131.
A bond given by a postmaster, with sureties, for the performance of official duties, does not constitute
a binding contract, until approved and accepted by the postmaster general. Ibid.
The reception and detention of an official bond, by the postmaster general for a considerable time,
without objection, is sufficient proof of its acceptance. Ibid.
The return of a bond to the principal obligor, by the postmaster general, for the purpose of obtaining
additional security, affords no proof that it was not accepted ; nor does it amount either to a surrender or
cancelling of it. Ibid.
The postmaster general has a right to require a bond from a deputy postmaster, for the faithful perform.
ance of his duties, although such bond is not expressly required by law. Postmaster General v. Rice,
Gilpin's D. C. R. 554,

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I.'03n. 23.: 1794.
it- shall be the duty of the Postmaster General to cause a suit t6 be

cbmmenced against the person or persons so -neglecting or refusing: and,
if the Postmaster General shall not cause such suit to be commenced Penalty on
balance his neglect
within six months from the end of every such three months, the
due from every such delinquent, shall be charged to, and recoverable
from, the Postmaster General.
SEC. 25. And be it further enacted, That all pecuniary penalties and Appropriation
forfeitures incurred under this act, shall be,-one half for the use of the ofpenalties,&d.
person or persons informing and prosecuting for the same, and the other
half to the use of the United States.
SEc. 26. And be it firther enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Postmaster
Postmaster General, to make provision, where it may be necessary, for General to make
the receipt of all letters and packets intended to be conveyed by any c isn fc of
ship or vessel, beyond sea, or from any port of the United States to letters by sea.
another port therein ; and the letters so received shall be formed into
a mail, sealed up, and directed to the postmaster of the port, to which
The provisions of the act of March 3, 1825, substitute a certified statement of the settled account as
evidence in suits against deputy postmasters, in lieu of the certified accout current required by the act
of April 30, 1810. Ibid.
A mail carrier is within the 1Sth section of the " act regulating the post-office establishment," subject-
ing to a penalty in certain cases, persons employed in any departments of the general post-office. United
States v. Belew, 2 Brockeb. C. C. R. 280.
The United States instituted a suit against the Bank of theMetropolis, claiming twenty-seven thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one dollars and fifty-seven cents, the balance, according to the statements of
the Treasu y, due to the United States. The defendant claimed credits amounting to twenty-three
thousand dollars, exclusive.of interest, which had been preseflted to the proper accounting officers, for
acceptances of the post-office department of the drafts of mail contractors, and an item of six hundred
and eleven dollars and fifty-two cents, overdraft of an officer of the post-office department, on the Bank
of the Metropolis. The drafts of the contractors, accepted by the post-office department, were discounted
by the Bank, in the way of business; onq draft was accepted unconditionally, the other drafts were
accepted, 4' on condition, that the contracts be complied with." Held That the Bank became the
holder of the draft unconditionally accepted, for valuable consideration; and its tight to charge the
United States with the amount cannot be defeated by any equities between the drawers, and the post-
office. The United States v. The Bank of the Metropolis, 15 Peters, 377.
It was no matter, how the account of the drawer of the draft unconditionally accepted stood with the
post.office department; -whether he was a debtor or a creditor; whether the Bank knew one or the other.
An unconditional acceptance was tendered to the Bank for -discount. - It was not the duty of the Bank to
inquire how the account stood, or for what purpose the acceptance was made. All it had to look to was
the genuineness of the acceptance, and the authority of the officer to give it. ibidt
The rule is, that the want of cotsideration between the drawer and the acceptor is no defence against
the righta of a. third party, who has given a consideratiou for the bill - and this, even though the acceptor
has been defrauded by the drawee, if that be not known to such third party. Ibid.
If one purpose making a conditional acceptance only, and commit that acceptance to writing, he should
be careful to express the condition therein. He cannot use general terms, and then exempt himself from
liability, by relying upon particular facts which have already happened, though they are connected with
the codditional acceptance. By express terms the acceptor might have guarded against any construction,
other than that which was intended by, or was the apparent meaning of the words of the acceptance. It
matters not what the acceptor meant by a cautious and precise phraseology, if it be not expressed as a
condition. Ibid.
Nothing out of the condition expressed in the words of the acceptance can be inferred; unless it be in
a case where the words used are so ambiguous as to make it necessary that parol evidence shruld be
resorted, to, to explain them. Ibid.
If two persons deal in relation to the executory contracts of a third, and one of them, being the obli-
gee, induces the other to advance money, " upon condition that his contracts be complied with," and he
knows that forfeitures have been already incurred by the obligor, for breaches of his contract, and does
not say so, he shall not be permitted afterwards to get rid of his liability, by saying, "I cannot pay you,
for when I accepted there was already due to me from the drawer of the bills more than I accepted for;
you did not choose to make inquiry." Ibid.
The ternis 41accepted, when the contracts of the drawer of the bill are complied with, ' are not
retroactive; they do not refer to past transactions, to the subsequent performance of the contractors.
Ibid.
The postmaster general had the same power, and no more, over the credits allowed by his predecessor,
if allowed within the scope ofhis official authority, as given by law to the head df the department. This
right in an incumbentof reviewing apredecessor's decisions, extends to mistakes in matters of fact, arising
from errors in calculation, and to cases of rejcted claims in which material testimony is afterwards dis-
covered and produced. But, if a credit has been given, or an allowance made by the head of a depart-
ment, and it A alleged to be an illegal allowance, the judicial tribunals must be resorted to, to construe
the law under which the allovance was made; and to settle the right between the United States and the
party to whom the credit was given. It is no longer a case between one officer's judgment, and that of
his successor. No statute is necessary to authorize the United States to sue in such a cse. The r it
to sue is independent of statute, and it may be done by the direction of the incumbent of the department.
The United States v. The Bank of the t.ropolis, 15 Peters, 377.
2 H2

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss, I. CH. 24. 1794.
such ship or vessel shall be bound. And for every letter or packet, so
received, there shall be paid, at the time of its reception, a postage of
one cent, which shall be for the use of the postmasters, respectively,
receiving the same. And the Postmaster General may make arrange-
ments with the postmasters in any foreign country, for the reciprocal
receipt and delivery of letters and packets, through the post-offices.
Postmasters SEC. 27. And be it further enacted, That the deputy postmasters,
&c. exempt from and the persons employed in the transportation of the mail, shall be
militia duty.
exempt from militia duties, or any fine or penalty for neglect thereof
Letter carriers SEC. 2S. And be it further enacted, That letter carriers shall be em-
ployed at such post-offices as the Postmaster General shall direct, for the
delivery of letters in the places, respectively, where such post-offices are
may receive two established ; and for the delivery of each such letter, the letter carrier
pents for each may receive of the person to whom the delivery is made, two cents:
letter.
Provided, That no letter shall be delivered to such letter carrier for dis-
tribution, addressed to any person who shall have lodged at the post-
office a written request, that his letters shall be detained in the office.
And for every letter lodged at any post-office, not to be carried by post,
but to be delivered at the place where it is so lodged, the deputy post-
master shall receive one cent of the person to whom it shall be delivered.
When this act SEC. 29. And be it further enacted, That this act shall be in force,
shall be in force. from the first day of June next.
APPROVED, May 8,1794.
STATUTE I.
ay 9, 1794. CHAP. XXIV.-nAlct providing for raising and organizing a Corps of Yrtil-
lerists and Engineers.
(Repealed.]
Troops to be SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
raised for three of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the number
years.
of seven hundred and sixty-four non-commissioned officers, privates and
1802, ch. 9. artificers, to serve as privates and musicians, shall be engaged for the
term of three years, by voluntary enlistments; and that the proper pro-
portion of commissioned officers shall be appointed to command the
same.
How incorpo- SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the aforesaid commissioned
rated wi h the
corps of artil. and non-commissioned officers, privates, artificers and musicians, shall
lerv. be incorporated with the corps of artillery now in the service of the
To be denom- United States, and denominated the corps of artillerists and engineers,
inated corps of and that the entire number of the said corps, exclusively of the commis-
artillerists and
engineers. sioned officers, shall be nine hundred and ninety-two.
O ganization. SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the organization of the said
corps be as herein mentioned, to wit: One lieutenant-colonel com-
mandant, one adjutant, one surgeon; four battalions, each to consist of
one major, one adjutant and paymaster, and one surgeon's mate; and
four companies, each to consist of one captain, two lieutenants, two
cadets with the pay, clothing and rations of a sergeant, four sergeants,
four corporals, forty-two privates, sappers and miners, and ten artificers
to serve as privates, and two musicians.
Pay and allow- SEC. 4. And be it -furtherenacted, That the additional commissioned
ance. officers, non-commissioned officers, privates, artificers and musicians, by
this act directed to be raised, shall receive the same pay and allowances
in all respects, as the troops already in the service of the United States;
and they shall also be governed by the same rules and articles of war,
which have been, or may be by law established.
Secretary at SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
War to provide Secretary of War to provide, at the public expense, under such regula-
books and ap-
paratus. tions as shall be directed by the President of the United States, the ne-
cessary books, instruments and apparatus, for the use and benefit of the
said corps.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 25, 27. 1794. 367
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United President how
States shall cause such proportions of the said corps to serve in the to employ said
field, on the frontiers, or in the fortifications of the sea-coast, as he shall corps.
deem consistent with the public service.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXV.-Sn dct supplementary to " n act to provide forithe Defence of May 9, 1794.
certain Ports and Harborsin the United States."
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representativesof the United Act of March
States of America in Congressassemblid, That the port and harbor of the 1794,
Harbor oh.
b0, of 9.
An-
city of Annapolis be fortified, in such manner, and at such time or times, napolis to be
as the President of the United States may direct: and that it shall be law- fortified and
ful for the President of the United States to employ a garrison in the garrisoned.
said fortification, provide cannon and equipments, and receive from the
state of Maryland, a cession of tkie lands on which the said fortification, On what con.
and its necessary buildings, may be erected, agreeably to the second and dition.
third sections of the act to which this is a supplement.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXVI.-n aet directinga Detachment from the Militia of the United May 9, 1794.
States.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Epired.]
tives of the United States off America in Congress assembled, That the President of
7the U. States to
President of the United States be, and he is hereby authorized to re- require of the
quire of the executives of the several states, to take effectual measures, stateS0,000Der-
as soon as may be, to organize, arm and equip,' according to law, and fective militia.
hold in readiness to march at a moment's warning, the following propor-
tions, respectively, of eighty thousand effective militia, officers included,
to wit: From the state of Georgia, one thousand three hundred and Apportionment.
thirty-three; from the state of South Carolina, three thousand five hun-
dred and fifty; from the state of North Carolina, seven thousand three
hundred and thirty-one; from the State of Kentucky, one thousand five
hundred and thirty-two; from the state of Virginia, eleven thousand
three hundred and seventy-seven; from the state of Maryland, five thou-
sand four hundred and eighteen; from the state of Delaware, one thou-
sand two hundred and fifty-six; from the. State of Pennsylvania, ten
thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight; from the State of New Jersey,
four thousand three hundred and eighteen; from the state ofNew York,
seven thousand nine hundred and seventy-one; from the state of Ver-
mont, two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine; from the state of
Connecticut, five thousand eight hundred and eighty-one; from the state
of Rhode Island, one thousand six hundred and ninety-seven; from the
state of Massachusetts, eleven thousand eight hundred and eighty-five;
from the state of New Hampshire, three thousand five hundred and
forty-four.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the detachments of militia How officered.
aforesaid shall be officered out of the present militia officers, or others,
at the option and discretion of the constitutional authority in each state
respectively.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the President may, if he President may
judges expedient, authorize the executives of the several states to accept accept certain
any independent corps of cavalry, artillery or infantry, as part of the de- torps as volu-
tachments aforesaid, provided they shall voluntarily engage as corps in
the service.
SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That the said militia shall not be Time of Iser-
compelled to serve a longer time, in any one tour, than three months vice.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. C. 28, 31. 1794.
Pay and allow- after their arrival at the place of rendezvous: And that, during the time
ance. of their service, besides their pay and other allowances, which shall be
the same as the troops on the military establishment of the United
States, they shall receive at the rate of one dollar and sixty-six cents, for
clothing, ver month.
President to SE.. 5. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United
cause thew ole States be requested to call on the executives %f the several states, to
of'the militia to take the most effectual means, that thewhole of the militia, not com-
be armed, &c.
prised within the foregoing requisition, be armed and equipped accord-
ing to law.
Limitation of" Sac. 6. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
this act. be in force, for the space of one year from the passing thereof, and from
thence to the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
STATUTE L
May 13, 1794. CHAP. XXVII.-Sn diet to erect a Lighthouse on the headland of Cape Hatteras;
and a lighted Beacon on Shell Castle Island in the harbor of Occacock in the state
of North Carolina.
Lighthouseon SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
Cape byHatteras,
how, whom, tlives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That as
and by what soon as the jurisdiction of so much of the head-land of Cape Hatteras
condition to be in the state of North Carolina, as the President of the United States
built, shall deem sufficient and most proper for the convenience and accommo-
dation of a lighthouse shall have been ceded to the United States, it
shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to provide by contract
which shall be approved by the President of the United States, for build-
ing a lighthouse thereon of the first rate, and furnishing the same with
all necessary supplies, and also to agree for the salaries or wages of the
President to person or persons who may be appointed by the President for the super-
appoint super. intendence and care of building said lighthouse: And the President is
intendent. hereby authorized to make said appointments. That the number and
disposition of the lights in the said lighthouse shall be such, as may tend
to distinguish it from others, and as far as practicable, to prevent mis-
takes in navigators.
Lighted bea. Sac. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Trea-
con on Shell sury be authorized to provide by contract, which shall he approved by
Castle island ' by sr
whom and 'n the President of the United States, for building on an island in the bar-
what condition bor of Occacock, called Shell Castle, a lighted beacon of a wooden frame
to he built, fifty-five feet high, to be twenty-two feet at the base, and to be reduced
gradually to twelve feet at the top exclusively of the lantern, which shall
be made to contain one large lamp with four wicks, and for furnishing
the same with all necessary supplies. Provided, That no such lighted
beacon shall be erected, until a cession of a sufficient quantity of land
on the said island shall be made to the United States by the consent of
the legislature of the state of North Carolina.
Appropriation SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That sufficient monies be appro-
therefor. priated for the erecting and completing the buildings aforesaid out of
any monies heretofore appropriated which may remain unexpended,
after satisfying the purposes for which they were appropriated, or out
of any monies which may be in the treasury not subject to any prior
appropriatio.
APPROVgD, May 13, 1794.
STATUTE I.
May 19, 1794. CHAP. XXXI.-S#n #et for erecting a Lighthouse on the Island of Seguin in the
district of Maine, and for erecting a btacon and placing three buobs at the en-
trance of Saint Mary's river, in the state ef Georgia.
Secretary of SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
Treasury to lives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. C. 32, 33. 1794.
shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to provide, by con- contract for
tract, which shall be approved by the President of the United States, building light.
house on the is-
for building a lighthouse on the island of Seguin, near the entrance of land of Seguin
the river Kennebeck, in the district of Maine, (the commonwealth of with approba-
Massachusetts having ceded to the United States ten acres of the said tion of the Pre-
island, for that purpose) and to furnish the same with all necessary sup- sident.
plies, and also to agree for the salaries or wages of the person or persons,
who may be appointed by the President, for the superintendence and President to
care of the same: And the President is hereby authorized to make the appoint super-
or lights intendant.
said appointments: That the number or disposition of the light
in the said lighthouse, be such as may tend to distinguish it from others,
as far as is practicable.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That a sum not exceeding five Appropriation
thousand dollars be appropriated for the same, out of any monies here- therefor.
tofore appropriated, which may remain unexpended, after satisfying
the purpose for which they were appropriated, or out of any other
monies which may be in the treasury, not subject to any prior appro-
priations.
SE c. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of
to
Treasurybeacon,
Secretary of the Treasury, to cause a beacon to be erected, and threeofcause
buoys to be placed at the entrance of Saint Mary's river in the state of&c.tobe placed
Georgia, and that a sum, not exceeding three hundred dollars, be appro- at St. Mary's
priated in like manner, as the sum for defraying the expenses for erect- river,
t.M
ing a lighteouse on the island of Seguin, isappropriated by this act, for Appropriation
the purpose of defraying the charges of erecting and placing the same. therefor.
STATUTE I.
further to authorize the 8djourment of Cireuit Courts.
CHAP. XXXII.-fln ./2ct May 19, 1794.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Act of Sept.
United States of America in Congress assembled, That a circuit court 24, 1789, ch. 20.
When circuit
in any district, when it shall happen that no justice of the supreme court court may be
attends within four days after the time appointed by law for the com- adjourned by
mencement of the session, may be adjourned to the next stated term by district judge or
the judge of the district, or in case of his absence also, by the marshal marshal.
of the district.
STATUTE 1.
CHAP.XXXIII.-n Set prohibitingfor a limited time the Exportation of .rms May 22, 1794.
and .8mmunition, and encouraging the Importationof the same.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- [Obsolete.] of"
Exportation
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it armstand ammu
shall not be lawful to export from the United States any cannon, muskets, nition prohibit-
pistols, bayonets, swords, cutlasses, musket balls, lead, bombs, grenados; ed forone year.
1795, chi. 53.
gunpowder, sulphur or saltpetre, but the exportation of all the aforesaid 1797, ch. 2.
articles are hereby prohibited for and during the term of one year.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted,A That any of the aforesaid articles,' Forfeiture
landing any on
of
excepting such of them as may constitute a part of-the equipment of any the said articles
vessel, which during the continuance of this prohibition shall be found with intent to
on board of any vessel in any river, port, bay or harbor within the terri- export them,
tory of the United States, with an intent to be exported from the United &c.
States to any foreign country, shall be forfeited, and in case the value
thereof shall amount to four hundred dollars, the vessel on board of
which the same shall be seized, together with her tackle, apparel and
furniture shall also be forfeited. Provided nevrtheless, That nothing in
this act shall be construed to prohibit the removal or transportation of
any of the articles aforesaid from one port to another port within the
VOL. I.-47

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. L Cm. 34, 35, 36. 1794.
United States in any vessel having a license as a coasting vessel, the

master, agent or owner of which shall have given bond with one or
more sufficient sureties to the collector of the district from which such
vessel is about to depart, in a sum double the value of such vessel and
of su-h of the said articles ,as may be laden on board her, that the
said articles shall be re-landed and delivered in some port of the United
States.
Vessel export- SEc. 3. And be it further enacted, That if any of the articles afore-
liable to forfeit- said shall, contrary to the prohibitions of this act, be exported to any
ure, &c. foreign country, the vessel in which the same shall have been exported
together with her tackle, apparel and furniture, shall be liable to forfeit-
ure, and the captain or master of such vessel shall forfeit and pay a sum
not exceeding one thousand dollars.
Duty of cos- SEC. 4, And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the
tom.house offi- custom-house officers, and of all persons employed in the collection of
cers herein. the revenue, to attend to the execution of this law, and all forfeitures
and penalties incurred under it, shall he sued for, prosecuted, adjudged
and distributed in like manner as is provided in the act, enti'led "An
act to provide more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed
1790, ch. 35. by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United
States, and on the tonnage of ships and vessels.'"
Importation SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That all brass cannon, muskets
of brass cannon, and firelocks with 1,ayonets suited to the same, pistols, swords, cutlasses,
muskets, .br musket ball, lead, a. i gunpowder which shall be imported into the
two years free
of duty. United States from at. ' foreign country within the term of one year,
and all sulphur and saftp, tre which shall be so imported within the term
of two years from and aftir the passing of this act, shall be free of duty,
ny thing in any forther 1,w to the contrary notwithstanding.
APPROVED,!May 22, 1794:
STATuTz L
May 30, 1794. Act to continue in force the act for the relief of persons
CHAP. -XXXIV.-./ln
inprisonedfor debt.
[Expired.] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
Act for relief United States of America in Congress assembled, That the act, entitled
of persons ia- ,Au act for the relief of persons imprisoned for debt," be continued,
prisoned for
debt, continued and that the same be in force for the term of two years from the passing
for two years. of this act, and from thence to the end of the next session of Congress
Act of' My and no longer.
5, 1792. ch. 29.
Repealed 1796, APPROVED, May 30, 1794.
ch. 38.
STATUTE I.
May 30, 1-794. CHAP. XXXV.-.'n .Aet to alter the time for the next annual meeting of Congress.
[Obsolete.] Bc it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of. the
Convress to United S'ots of America in Congress asscb d, That after the adjourn-
meet irat Mon- mert of the present session, the next annual meeting of Congress shall
day in NOv. be on the first MIondav in November next.
next. ASPROVED, May
3, 1794.
STATUTE I.
MIy 30, 1794. Cs Ar. XXX I.V.-n Ae/ further extending the time for receibling on loan the
- .Domestic Debt of the United Slates.
(Obsolete.]
Domestic debt, SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
term for sub- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
scribing extend. term for receiving on loan that part of the domestic debt of the United
ed to 31st Dec. States which shall not have been subscribed in pursuance of the act,
17 04.
1793, ch. 26. entituled "An act for extending the time for receiving on loan that part
1795, ch. 13. of the domestic debt of the United States which may not be subscribed

THIRD CONGRESS. Srss. L -Ca. 37. 1794.
prior to the first day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
three," be, and the same is hereby further extended from and after the
last day of June ensuing, until the last day of December next inclusively,
on the same terms and conditions as are contained in the act, intituled 1790, ch. 34.
"An act making provision for the debt of the United States." Provided,
That the books for receiving the said subscriptions-shall be opened only On what terms.
at the treasury of the United States.
Provision for
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That such of the creditors of the non-subscrib-
United States as have not subscribed and shall not subscribe to the said ing creditors.
loan, shall nevertheless receive during the year one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-four, a rate per centum on the amount of such of their
demands, as have been registered or as shall be registered at the treasury
conformable to the directions in the act, intituled -"An act making pro-
vision for the debt of the United States," equal to the interest which 1790, ch. 34.
would be payable to them as subscribing creditors.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XXXVII.-/n qc making provision for the payment of the in'ereston the May 31, 179j.
balances due to certain States, upon a final settlement of the accounts between the
United States and the-individual States.
[Obsolete.]
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Allowance of
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in- interest on bal.
terest upon the balances reported to be due to certain states, by the ance due tocer-
for settling accounts between the United States and tain states, &C.
commissioners
individual states, be allowed, from the last day of December, one thou- 1790, ch. 38.
sand seven hundred and eighty-nine, and to be computed to the last
day of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, at the
rate of four per centum per annum: Arid that the amount of such in-
terest he placed to the credit of the state, to which the same shall be
found due, upon the books of the treasury of the United States, and
shall bear an interest of three per centum per annum, from and after
the said last day of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
four.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the interest on the said ba- When and
lances, reported by the said commissioners, as aforesaid, which shall be how to be paid,
funded, agreeable to the terms of the act, intituled "An act to provide
more effectually for the settlement of the accounts, between the United 179D, oh. 38.
States and the individual states," together with the interest on the
amount placed to the credit of any such state, for arrearages of interest
on such balances, agreeable to the terms of this act, be paid quarter
yearly, after the said last day of December, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-four ; that is to say : one fourth part thereof, on the last days
of March, June, September and December, respectively, in each year,
at the offices of the commissioners of loans, within such states as shall
be intitled to receive the same; the first payment to be made on the last Out of what
day of March one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five: And for the funds payable.
payment of the said interest, so much of the. duties arising, yearly, on
imports and tonnage, from and after the last day of December, one thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-four, as may be necessary, and not here-
tofore otherwise appropriated, be, and the same is hereby pledged and
appropriated: and that the faith of the United States be, and the same
is hereby pledged to provide for any deficiency that may happen, by
such additional and permanent funds, as may be necessary therefor.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 40, 41, 42. 1794.
STAT TE I.
June 4, 1794. CHAP. XL.-Sln roviding
rt for the payment of the second instalment due on a
Loan made of the Bank of the United States.
[Obsolete.]
President of SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
United States to tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
pay second in- President of the United States be, and he hereby is authorized and
stalment to the
Bank out of empowered to apply two hundred thousand dollars of the proceeds of
foreign loans. foreign loans heretofore transferred to the United States, in payment of
the second instalment due to the Bank of the United States, upon a loan
of the said bank, made pursuant to the eleventh section of the act for
Annual period incorporating the subscribers to the said bank: And that the annual
for payment of period for the payment of each instalment of the said loan, shall be
each instalment.
deemed to be the last day of December in each year.
Appropriation SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That a sufficient sum of the divi-
for paying inter- dends, which have accrued, or which shall hereafter accrue, on the
est on said loan.
stock owned by the United States, in the Bank of the United States, be,
and the same is hereby appropriated to the payment of the interest,
which has, or shall become due, on the loan obtained, as aforesaid.
APPROVED, June 4, 1794.
STATUTE I.
June 4, 1794. CHAP.' X LI.-Sn act to authorize the President of the United States to lay,
regulate and revoke Embargoes.
[Expired.] SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Pres'ident an. of the Unitcd States of America in Congress assembled, That the Pre-
thorized to lay
embargoes, &c. sident of the United States be, and he hereby is authorized and em-
powered, whenever, in his opinion, the public safety shall so require, to
lay an embargo on all ships and vessels in the ports of the United States,
Resolution of or upon the ships and vessels of the United States, or the ships and
March 26, 1794, vessels of any foreign nation, under such regulations as the circum-
p. 400, post. stances of the case may require, and to continue or revoke the same,
whenever he shall think proper. And the President is hereby fully
authorized to give all such orders to the officers of the United States, as
may be necessary to carry the same into full effect: Provided, 'The
authority aforesaid shall not be exercised, while the Congress of the
United States shall be in session: And any embargo, which may be laid
by the President, as aforesaid, shall cease and determine in fifteen days
from the actual meeting of Congress, next after laying the same.
Limitation of SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
this act. be in force until fifteen days after the commencement of the next session
of Congress, and no longer.
STATUTE I.
June 4, 1794.. CHAP. XLII.-Sn aet for extending the Benefit of a Drawback and Terms of
Credit in certain ca'ses, and for other purposes.
[Obsolete.]
Further time SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
allowed for ben- of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in all cases
efit ofdrawback where the term allowed by law for the exportation of goods, wares or
on goods ex-
ported. merchandise, with the benefit of a drawback of the duties thereupon,
shall have expired after the last day of January last past, and previous to
the last' day of July next, there shall be allowed further time for the
exportation with the benefit aforesaid until the said last day of July
next.
Further time SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That on all bonds which may have
allowed on cer- been given for' duties on coffee, sugar and indigo imported into the
tain bonds now
unpaid. United States, and which shall be unpaid at the passing of this act, all
that time from the last day of January last past to the last day of May

THIRD CONGRESS. SESs. 1. CH. 43,45. 1794.
instant shall be considered as no part of the time allowed by law for the
payment of the said duties, but the importer shall enjoy the same term
of credit as if the said period had not intervened. Provided, That in
every case where the extension of credit is claimed and granted under When new
this act new bonds shall be given for the duties on which such credit is bonds shall be
extended, with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the collector given.
of the district.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That in cases where the certificates Eividence re-
and evidence now required by law for authorizing the payment of any ment quired for pay-
of draw.
drawback or allowance on any goods, wares or merchandise exported back.
since the first day of July, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two,
or which may be hereafter exported, are not and cannot be obtained, the
exporter or exporters of such goods, wares or merchandise shall never-
theless be permitted to offer such other proof as to the delivery thereof
without the limits of the United States as he or they stay have, to the
comptroller of the treasury, who shall, if the same proof shall be satis-
factory to him, direct the payment of the drawback or allowance. Pro-
vided always, That in no case shall a drawback be hereafter paid on Proviso.
any goods, wares or merchandise until the duties on the importation
thereof shall have been first received.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. XLIII.-Sn .Aet to extend the Term of Creditfor Teas imported in the June 4, 1794.
ship .drgonautj and to permit the export of Goods saved out if the wreck of the
snow Freclove.
[Obsolete.]
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Collector of
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Pennsylvania to
take certain
collector of the district of Pennsylvania be, and he' hereby is authorized bonds for teas
and directed, to take bond, with sufficient surety, for the payment of the imported in ship
duties accruing on teas imported into the said district, in the ship Argo- Argonaut.
naut, Victor Chabert commander, from China, payable on the fifteenth
day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, or to receive,
on deposit, such of the said teas as may be tendered for that purpose,
as security for the said duties.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said collector be author- Under what
ized to permit -the said teas, or any part thereof, to be exported under condition may
permit said teas
the like regulations as other teas are permitted to be exported, at any to be exported.
time before the fifteenth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-five.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That the collector aforesaid be And coffee,
authorized and directed to permit the exportation of any sugars, coffee, &c. saved out of
snow Freelove.
cocoa or molasses, saved out of the snow Freelove, cast away on Cape
Hatteras, as may be required, by the owners thereof, under the like regu-
lations and provisions as goods of a like kind are permitted to be ex-
ported, and to allow the drawbacks thereon, as if the same had been
directly imported into the district of Pennsylvania.
APPrOVED, June 4, 1794.
STATUTE L
CHAP. XLV.-.n lct laying duties upon Carriagesfor the conveyance of June 5, 1794.
Persons.(a) [Repealed.]
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1796, ch. 37.
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there onSpecific duties
carriages.
shall be levied, collected and paid, upon all carriages for the convey-
(a) The act of Congress of June 5, 1794, laying duties upon carriages for the conveyance of persons, is
a constitutional act, and within the authority granted to Congress by the 8th section of the first article of
the constitution. Hylton v. The United States, 3 Dall. 171 ;1 Cond. Rep. 83.
21

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cu. 45. 1794.
ance of persons, which shall be kept by or for any person, for his or her
bwn use, or to be let out to hire, or for the conveying of passengers, the
several duties and rates following, to wit: For and upon every coach,
the yearly sum of ten dollars ;-for and upon every chariot, the yearly
sum of eight dollars ;-for and upon every pheton and coachee, six
dollars ;-for and upon every other four wheel, and every two wheel top
carriage, two dollars ;-and upon every other two wheel carriage, one
dollar. Provided always, That nothing herein contained shall be con-
strued to charge with a duty, any carriage usually and chiefly employed
in husbandry, or for the transporting or carrying of goods, wares,
merchandise, produce or commodities.
To be levied SEC. Z. And be it further enacted, That the duties aforesaid shall be
and collected levied, collected, received and accounted for, by and under the immedi-
by supervisors
and inspectors, ate direction of the supervisors and inspectors of the revenue, and other
officers of inspection, subject to the superintendence, control and direc-
tion of the department of the treasury, according to the authorities and
duties of the respective officers thereof.
Duty of per- SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That every person having or
sons keeping keeping a carriage or carriages, which, by this act, is or are made sub-
ject to the payment of duty, shall, within the month of September in
each year, make entry of the same with the -officer of inspection of the
district, in which he or she shall reside, and pay the duty thereon : And
such entry shall be in writing, subscribed by the owner of such carriage
or carriages, and shall describe each by its proper denomination and
Of supervisors. number of wheels. And, for the purpose of receiving such entry and
Duty Of super. payment, it shall be the duty of the supervisor of the district, or of some
visors, officer of inspection, to attend, within the month of September in each
year, at one of the most public and convenient places in each county,
within their respective districts, and to give public notice, at least one
month previous to such day, of the time and place of such attendance.
Forfeiture on And if any person, having or keeping a carriage or carriages, charged
neglecting to
pay duties herewith a duty or duties by this act, shall neglect or omit to bring, or send
in. and deliver such list thereof, at or within any monthly period aforesaid,
in manner above mentioned, or to pay the duty or duties thereupon paya-
ble, he or she shall, for every such neglect or omission, forfeit and pay a
sum equal to the duty or duties payable upon the said carriage or car-
riages, in addition to the said duty or duties.
When duties SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That if any person having or
may be paid at hk
usaal place of eeping a carriage or 'carriages chargeable with any duty by this act,
abode., shall prefer to the mode of payment herein before directed, that of pay-
ing the amount of the duties by him or her payable, upon demand of
him or her made at his or her usual place of habitation, it shall be at his
or her option to make payment in manner last mentioned, upon the con-
dition following, that is to say: that he or she, if having or keeping a
carriage or carriages, so liable to duty, on the first day of September
next, shall, within the said month of September, or, if. beginning to have
or keep such carriage or carriages, at any time after the said first day of
September, shall, within thirty days after he or she shall so begin to have
Upon what or keep such carriage or carriages, give notice thereof in writing, at the
conditions, office of inspection ,aearest to his or her said place of habitation, by
transmitting a list thereof, of the like kind and description with that
directed and described in the third section of this act, and expressing
thereupon, that he or she doth elect to pay the yearly duty or duties pay-
able upon the carriage or carriages therein mentioned, upon demand of
him or her, at his or her said place of habitation, and upon this further
condition, that he or she shall pay, upon such demand, in addition to the
said duty or duties, a commission of one per centum upon the amount
thereof, for the benefit of the officer or person by whom the said demand
shall have been made.

THIRD -CONGRESS. SESS. I. Ca. 45. 1794.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That every person who shall make Duty of per.
such election, as aforesaid, shall pay, or cause to be paid, yearly,t and sons electing to
pay at usual
every year, after the month of September, upon the calling for that pur- place of abode.
pose, at his or her said place of habitation, of any officer of inspectiou,
or person thereunto authorized, the amount of duty or duties by him or
her payable, upon the carriage or carriages, whereof he or she shall
have transmitted a list, as aforesaid, so long as he or she shall continue
to have or keep the same, and until he or she shall give notice in writing,
at the office of inspection, to which the said list shall have been trans-
initted, that he or she hath sold, or otherwise assigned, or alienated, any
carriage or carriages therein mentioned: in default of which payment, In default
thereofhow said
the duty or duties, and commission thereupon, in respect to which any duties may be
such default shall be mhde, shall and may be sued for and recovered in sued for.
any court of the United States, or of either of them, or shall and may be
levied, together with reasonable charges, by distress and sale of the
goods and chattels of the person making such default.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That if any person, by whom such Persons
glecting ne-
to noti-
election, as aforesaid, shall have been made, shall omit to notify, in fycarriage, &c.
manner herein before directed, any carriage or carriages liable to duty,
by this act, which he or she shall, at any time, have or keep, be or she
shall, in respect to such carriage or carriages, stand and be in the same
predicament, as persons by whom no such election shall have been made, How to be
and shall incur the like penalties and forfeitures, as such persons are by proceede
this act made liable to, for neglecting or omitting to bring, or send and
deliver, true and exact lists of the carriages by them respectively had or
kept, and paying the duties thereupon, in manner herein directed.
SEc. 7. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That it shall be, Privilege of
at any time, lawful for any person, who shall have made any such elec- persons electing
to pay at usual
tion, as aforesaid, by notice in writing under his or her hand, sent to, place of abode.
and delivered at the same office of inspection, where the notice of such
election shall have been given, to revoke the said election; after which
revocation, he or she shall stand and be, as to all matters and things
directed and prescribed by this act, in the same situation, as if no such
election had been made.
SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That the supervisors of the revenue Power of su-
shall have power, from time to time, to examine upon oath or affirma- pervisorslherein.
tion, any officers or persons employed under them in the collection and
receipts of the duties aforesaid.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall wilfully Penalty -n
swear or affirm falsely, touching any matter herein before required to swearing or
be verified by oath or affirmation, he or she shall suffer the pains and ly.
penalties, which by law are prescribed for wilful and corrupt perjury;
and, if an officer, shall forfeit his office, and be incapable of afterwards
holding any office under the United States.
SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That all fines, penalties and for- Fines and for-
feitures, which shall be incurred pursuant to this act, shall be divided feituresin puT-
suance of this
and distributed, one half thereof to theuse of the United States, and act, how dis-
the other half thereof to the use of the person, who, if an officer of posed of,
inspection, shall first discover, if not an officer of inspection, shall first
give information of the cause, matter or thing, whereby any of the said
penalties or forfeitures shall have been incurred, and as well the duties and duties sued
for and reco-
hereby laid, as the said fines, penalties and forfeitures, all or any of vered.
them, shall and may be sued for, and recovered, in any court of the
United States, or before any magistrate, or state court, having competent
jurisdiction.
SEC. It. And be it further enacted, That this act shall contiiue and Li-itation of
be in force, for and during the term of two years, and from thence to 1795, ch. 45,
the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer. 20.

376 T1IIRD CONGRESS. SESS. 1. CH.46, 47, 48. 1794.
STATUTE I.
June 5, 1794. XL VI.--SnAct to authorize the Presidentof the United States during the
CHAP.
recess of the present Congress, to cause to be purchasedor built a number of Ves-
[Obsolete.] sels to be equipped as Galleys, or otherwise, in the service of the United States.
President of SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
U. S. may cause tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That
ten vessels to
be built, the President of the United States be, and he is hereby authorized,
during the recess of the present Congress, if the same shall appear to
him necessary for the protection of the United States, to cause a num-
ber of vessels, not exceeding ten, to be built or purchased, and to be
How to be fitted out, manned, armed and equipped as galleys or otherwise in the
fitted out, service of the United States, the officers and men to be on the same
manned, &c.
Pay and sub- pay, and to receive the same subsistence as 6fficers of the same rank
sistence. and men are entitled to, in the navy of the United States.
President to SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said officers shall be
appointthe offi- appointed, and commissioned by the President of the United States,
cers, &c. and the said galleys or vessels be stationed in such parts of the United
States, as he may direct.
Appropriation SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That there be appropriated for
therefor. the purpose aforesaid, the sum of eighty thousand dollars to be paid out
of the proceeds of any revenue of the United States, which now are, or
hereafter during the present session shall be provided, not being other-
President ala. wise. appropriated. And that the President of the United States be
thorized to bor. authorized to take on loan of the Bank of the United States, or of any
row $80,000. other body politic or corporate, person or persons, the said sum of eighty
thousand dollars, to be reimbursed, principal and interest, out of the
said proceeds, appropriated as aforesaid, according to such contract or
contracts, which shall be made concerning the same.
APP ROVED, June 5, 1794.
STATUTE I.
June 5, 1794. CHAP. XLVII.-dn .ctauthorizinga settlement f certainexpenses of the Com-

missioners of Loans.
Commission- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the
ers of loans, commissioners of loans in the several states shall be allowed in the set-
certain allow-
ance in settle. tlement of their accounts such sums as shall appear to have been neces-
ment of their sarily expended by them in the purchase of stationary for the use of
accounts, their several offices, and also for the hire of clerks to assist in executing
the duties of their respective offices, from and after the first day of
March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, until the last day
of the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four inclusively.
Specific ap- SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That a sufficient sum of the pro-
propriation ceeds of the duties on imports and tonnage not exceeding the sum of
therefor. fifteen thousand dollars, be and the same is hereby appropriated to the
payment of such of the expenses before mentioned as shall accrue during
the present year and be allowed on settlement at the treasury.
STATUTE I.
June 5, 1794. CHAP. XLVIII.-On Act laying duties on licenses for selling Wines andforeign
distilled spirituous liquors by retail.
Repealed by SECTION 1. Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
Act of April 6, of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That every per-
1802eh. 19, son, who shall deal in the selling of wines, to be carried or sent out of
sons declaredto the house, building or place of his or her dwelling, in a less quantity, or
be retail dealers in less quantities, at one time, than thirty gallons, except in the original
inwines. cask, case, box or package, wherein the same shall have been imported,

shall be deemed to be, and hereby is declared to be, a retail dealer in Certain per-
wines, within the meaning of this act: and that every person, who shall sons declared to
be retail dealers
deal in the selling of any foreign distilled spirituous liquors, to be car- in foreign dis-
ried or sent out of the house, building or place of his or her dwelling, in tilled spirits.
less quantities than twenty gallons, at one time, shall be deemed to be,
and hereby is declared to be a retail dealer in foreign distilled spirituous
liquors: Provided always, That nothing herein contained shall be
construed to extend to persons, who, as keepers of taverns, inns or
houses of entertainment, duly licensed or authorized under any law of a
state, shall vend or sell really and truly for consumption, within the
houses, buildings or premises, only, by them respectively occupied or
kept, as taverns, inns, or other houses of entertainment, wines or distilled
spirituous liquors, in whatsoever quantity, nor to physicians, apothecaries,
surgeons or chemists, as to any wines or spirituous liquors, which they
may use in the preparation or making up of medicines, for sick, lame or
diseased persons only.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That every person, who, on the i Retail dealers
thirtieth day of September next, shall be a retail dealer in or wines, &c.to
wines, obtain licenses
foreign distilled spirituous liquors, as above described and defined, both, on 30th Sept.
or either of them, shall, before the said day, and every person, who, after next.
the said day, shall become, or intend to become such retail dealer in
wines or foreign distilled spirituous liquors, both or either of them shall,
before he or she shall begin to vend, or sell, by retail, any wine or wines,
or foreign distilled spirituous liquors, apply for and obtain, in manner
herein after directed, a license for carrying on the business of retailing
wines or foreign distilled spirituous liquors, as the case may be, that is
to say; one license for carrying on the business of retailing wines, and
another license for carrying on the business of retailing foreign distilled
spirituous liquors; which licenses respectively, shall be granted for the
term of one year upon the payment of five dollars for each license; and
shall be renewed, yearly, upon the payment of the like sum of five dol-
lars for each license. And if any person shall, after the said day, deal Forfeiture on
in the selling of wines or foreign distilled spirituous liquors, by retail, as neglect thereof.
above described and defined, without having a license therefor, as afore-
said, continuing in force, such person shall forfeit and pay the sum of
fifty dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit. And no such license
shall be sufficient for the selling of wines, or foreign distilled spirituous
liquors, by retail at more than one place; but any person, who by colour
of such license shall sell any wines or foreign distilled spirituous liquors,
at more than one place, shall be deemed to be, in respect to such of the
said articles, as he or she shall so sell, at more than one place, a retail
dealer therein without license, and shall forfeit and pay the like sum of
fifty dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit.
SEc. 3. And be it furt/er enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Licenses by
supervisors of the revenue, within their. respective districts, to grant whom granted.
licenses for carrying on the s-iid businessesrespectively, of retailing wines
and foreign distilled spirituous liquors, which licenses shall be marked
or stamped with a mark or stamp, denoting the sum of the duty there-
upon; and shall be signed by the• supervisor of the revenue, who shall and designa-
tedHow signed,
issue the same, or cause the same to be issued, and shall be granted to and whomdis-
any person, who shall desire the same, upon application made at any sued.
office of inspection, for that purpose, in writing, specifying the name of
the person, for whom a license is requested, and the place or premises
where the business for which the same is requested to be carried on,
and also upon payment or tender to the officer thereof, of the sum or
duty payable by this act, upon each license requested. And, to the end,
that all persons carrying on, or intending to carry on, both or either of
the said businesses, may obtain, with ease and dispatch, the licenses,
whereof they shall respectively stand in need, it is hereby made the duty
VOL. 1.-48 112

Supervisors to of the respective supervisors, to prepare and furnish to the several offi-
furnish officers cers of inspection acting under them, licenses signed by them, with the
of inspection
with blank li-proper marks and stamps, in competent number, and with blanks for the
censes. names of the persons for whom they shall be requested, and the places
or premises respectively where the business or businesses, for which they
By whom the are requested, is or are to be carried on. And the officer of inspection,
same shall be to whom such application and payment, or tender as aforesaid, shall be
countersigned
and issued, made, shall forthwith issue the license or licenses requested, having first
filled the blanks therein, and countersigned the same. Providedalways,
That no license shall be granted to any person to sell wines or foreign
distilled spirituous liquors, who is prohibited to sell the same, by the laws
of any state.
Duties herein SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the duties aforesaid shall be
under whose di. received, collected, accounted for, and paid under and subject to the
rection to be re.
ceivea, &c. superintendence, control and direction of the department of the trea-
sury, according to the authorities and duties of the respective officers
thereof.
Fines,.&c. how SEC. 5. And be it firther enacted, That all fines, penalties and for-
sued forand re- feitures, which shall be incurred, by force of this act, shall and may be
sued-for, and recovered, in the name of the United
States, or 9f the
supervisor of the revenue within whose district any such fine, penalty
or forfeiture shall have been incurred, by bill, plaint or information,
one moiety thereof to the use ofthe United States, and the other moiety
thereof to the use of the person, who, if an officer of inspection, shall
first discover, if other than an officer of inspection, shall first inform of
the cause, matter or thing, whereby any such fine, penalty or forfeiture
shall lave been incurred, and where the cause of action or complaint
shall arise or accrue more than fifty miles distant from the nearest place
by law established for the holding of a district court within the district
in which-the same shall arise or accrue, such suit and recovery may be
had before any court of the state holden within the said district havirg
jurisdiction in like cases.
President of SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Presi-
the U. States to dent of the United States, and he is hereby empowered to make such
compensate
officerq of in. allowances for compensation to the officers of inspection employed in
spection. the collection of the duties aforesaid, and for incidental expenses, as he
ingt twoexeeand shall judge reaonable, not exceeding in the whole, two and a half per
half per cent. centumof the total amount of the said duties collected.
&c. Spc. 7. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
Limitation of be in force for the term of two years, and from thence to the end of the
this act.
Continued then next session of Congress, and no longer.
179i. ch. 45. APPROVED, June 5,1794.
1801, ch. 11.
STATUT I.
June 5, 1794. ("HAP. XLIX.-.dn Yet making further provision for securing and collecting
R-Repealed by the Duties on foreign and domestic distilled Spirits, Stills, Wines and Teas.
Act of Apr;1 6,
1802, ch. 19. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-,
Certain powers tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in
to President of order to facilitate and secure the collection of the revenue on distilled
the U. States as
to collection of spirits, and stills, in such states-as have been, or hereafter may be erect-
duties on dis. ed, and in the territories northwest, and south of the river Ohio, the
tilled spiritg, President of the United States shall be, and he is hereby authorized and
&c.
empowered to form and erect such new districts and surveys, and to
make such alterations in, and additions to the several districts, and in
and to the several surveys thereof, as from time to time shall appear, in
his judgment, expedient and necessary; and that it shall also be lawful
for the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint such and so many supervisors, inspectors of surveys, and in-

THIRD CONGRESS. Sass. 1. Cit. 49. 1794.
specters of ports, therein and therefor, as may be found necessary, and

to assign to them, compensations proportionate to those heretofore, or
which may hereafter be allowed, to the officers of the revenue. Provi-
ded, That if the appointment of such supervisors-and inspectors cannot And appoint-
be made, during the present session of Congress, the President may, maenL of super.
and he is hereby empowered to make such appointments,-during the re- visors, &c.
cess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which will expire at the
end of their next session.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That all spirits which shall be dis- Spirits dis-
tilled in the United States, in stills which shall not have been previously tilled in stills
entered at some office of inspection, shall be liable, together with 'the not entered la-
for- hia to seizure.
stills or other vessels used in the distillation thereof, to seizure and
feiture.
S.c. 3. And be it further enacted, That no drawback of the duty Drawback not
on distilled spirits, which shall be exported after the first day of July to be allowed
next, shall be allowed upon any quantity less than one hundred and fifty on less than 150J
gallons.
gallons.
Sac.. 4. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful to import On what con.
into the United States, in the same ship or vessel in which they were dition certain
exported, any spirits distilled therein, which shall have been previously spirits may be
exported therefrom, on payment of the duties on spirits of equal proof,
distilled in the United States, and of a sum equivalent to the duties
established by law upon the raw materials, from whence they shall have
been distilled; and all such importations shall be made, under the same
regulations, and in such manner as is directed by law, in regard to the
importation of foreign distilled spirits.
SEc. 5. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day Before sale of
of July next, on the sale of any emptied cask, vessel or package, which emptied casks
marks to be de.
has been or shall be lawfully marked, as containing foreign or domestic faced.
distilled spirits, wines or teas, and prior to the removal thereof and to
the delivery of the same to the purchaser, the marks or numbers which
shall or may have been made thereon, by any officer of inspection, or
by any person employed or authorized by any such officer, shall be de-
faced, cut off, or obliterated; and if any such cask, vessel or package
shall be sold, removed, delivered or received prior to such defacing, cut-
ting off or obliterating being made, every person concerned in the pur- Forfeiture on
chase, sale or delivery, shall forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars. neglect thereof.
SEc. 6. And be it .further enacted, That all stills without heads, or In what man.
other vessels that shall be used as stills in the distillation of ardent spirits, ner stills shall
shall be duly entered by the owner or owners thereof, in the manner be entered.
prescribed in and by the second section of the act, intituled "An act 1792, ch. 32.
concerning the duties on spirits distilled within the United States,"
passed on the eighth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-two, under the penalty of two hundred and fifty dollars, to be re-
covered and distributed as other forfeitures under this act, and the act,
intituled "An act repealing, after the last day of June next, the duties 1791, ch. 15.
heretofore laid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying
others in their stead, and also upon spirits distilled within the United
States, and for appropriating the same," to which this is an amendment.
Sac. 7. And be it further enacted, That any person or persons, who Forfeiture on
shall counterfeit the certificates for, or the marks or numbers to be set counterfeiting
upon any cask, vessel or package containing wines, teas, or foreign or ,,rifcat, or
upon any arks of casks,
domestic distilled spirits, or upon stills, which the officers of inspection &c.
are, or shall be authorized to make thereon, by and in pursuance of the
laws concerning the same, or who shall fraudulently rub out or deface,
prior to drawing off, or emptying the contents, any marks or numbers
set upon any cask or package of wine or tea, in pursuance of law, shall,
for every such offence, forfeit and pay the sum of one hundred dollars.
Sac. S. And be it fitrther enacted, That every owner, or worker of

THIRD CONGRESS. SESS. I. Ci. 49. 1794.
of When owners a licensed still, shall be required to make oath or affirmation, previous
still shall
make oath. to any renewal of his license, that he bath not distilled therein, since
the commencement of the term specified in such license, excepting only
daring the term for which it shall have been granted.
What courts SEc. 9. And be it farther enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for
to takeof certain
zance cogni- the judicial courts of the several states, and of the territory of the United
actions. States, northwest of the river Ohio, and of the territory of the United
States, south of the river Ohio, to take cognizance of all and every suit
and suits, action and actions, cause and causes, arising under or out of
the laws for collecting a revenue upon spirits distilled in the United
States, and upon stills, which may arise or accrue at a greater distance,
than fifty miles from the nearest place established by law for holding a
district court.
Proceedings SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That in case of the non-existence,
in case of'non- of an office of inspection in any county of the United States, every owner
existence of
office or possessor of a still shall make entry thereof in the manner required
of inspec-
tioh. by the "Act (of the eighth of May, one thousand seven hundred and
1792, ch. 32. ninety-two) concerning the duties on spirits distilled within the United
States," at some other office of inspection, comprehended in the division
or survey, in which the said still shall be; and that it shall and may be
And power of lawful for the President of the United States, to provide offices of inspec-
the President tion in special cases, provided the expense thereof shall not exceed ten
herein. thousand dollars.
Duty of recti- SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That every rectifier of low wines,
tiers of low or other distilled spirits, and every distiller of cordials and strong waters
wines, &c. therefrom, shall enter at some office of inspection, all or any such low
wines or other distilled spirits, prior to the removal of them to his distil-
lery or rectifying house, and prior to his beginning the rectifying, im-
Under what proving, or altering the quality, flavour, or proof thereof, under, the
penalty for ne. penalty of, one hundred dollars for every-cask of one hundred gallons,
glect thereof. and in the same proportions, for every greater or less quantity.
Supervisors SEc. 12. And be itfurther enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for
&c.may appoint the supervisors and inspectors of the revenue, at their own expense, to
deputies. appoint deputies to aid them in the execution of their duties, in cases of
occasional and necessary absence, or of sickness, and not otherwise.
President of SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United
the U. States to States be authorized to make such additional allowances, for the space
make additional
allowance to in. of one year, and from thence until the end of the next session of Con-
spectors, &c. gress, to the inspectors and collectors of revenue from distilled spirits,
subsequent to for their respective services subsequent to the thirtieth day of June next,
June next. as he shall deem reasonable and proper, so as that the additions to be
1796, ch. 43, § 2. made to the said allowances shall not' exceed, in the whole, the sums
1798, ch. 25. heretofore allowed, by more than one third.
Supervisors SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first
and inspectors day of October next, no supervisor or inspector of the revenue of the
prohibited from United States, shall be concerned or interested in any foreign trade or
trading in cer-
tain merchan- commerce, in the goods or merchandise, to which the duties of his office
dise after first relate, or in the sale of any wines, distilled spirits, or teas; and if any
of October next. such supervisor or inspector shall be so concerned or interested, every
Under what
penalty, such person shall be disqualified from holding such appointment, fdr the
term of seven years, and shall, moreover, forfeit and pay a sum not
exceeding one hundred dollars, for every month, which he or they shall
be so interested in such foreign trade, or in the sale of such wines, dis-
tilled spirits or teas.
Privilege to SEC. 15. And be it further enacted, That any proprietor of a still,
proprietors of the capacity of which does not exceed one hundred gallons, may be per-
certain stills. mitted to enter such still, for any term of time less than one year, and
not less than one month, paying at the same rate as per month, any thing
in any former law to the contrary notwithstanding.

THIRD CONGRESS. Szss. I. Ca, 50. 1794.
SEC. 16. And be it further enacted, That a personal demand of the How collector
proprietor or proprietors of any still, of the duties due, or a notice in may demand
writing of the amount thereof left at his dwelling by the collector, shall duties on stills.
have all the effect of a demand made, as required by the twenty-third
section of the act, infituled "An act repealing after the last day of June
next, the duties heretofore laid upon distilled spirits imported from
abroad, and laying others in their stead; and also upon spirits distilled 1791, ch. 15.
within the United States, and for appropriating the same.
SEC. 17. And be it farther enacted, That all fines, penalties, and for- And certain
feitures, which shall have been incurred by force of any present or future fines, &c. may
be mitigated or
law of the United States for the laying, levying and collecting of any remitted.
duties or taxes, other than duties on goods, wares and merchandise
imported, and on the tonnage of ships and vessels, shall and may be miti-
gated or remitted, by the like ways and means, and upon and under the
like conditions, regulations and restrictions, as are cofitained, prescribed,
authorized and directed, in and by the act, intituled "An act to provide 1790, ch. 12.
for mitigating or remitting the forfeitures and penalties accruing under
the revenue laws in certain, cases therein mentioned," touching fines,
penalties, and forfeitures incurred or accruing in relation to the cases
therein mentioned; which act, and every clause, matter and thing therein
contained, shall be of like force and effect, for the mitigating or remit-
ting of fines, penalties and forfeitures, which shall have been incurred
in reference to the said other duties and taxes, as if the same were
repeated and re-enacted, in the several and respective laws for laying,
levying and collectidg the said other duties and taxes.
SEC. 1S. And be it further enacted, That the judicial courts of the How state
several states, to whom, by this act, a jurisdiction is given, shall and Judicial courts
may obtain mi-
may exercise all and every power, in the cases cognizable before them, tigationoffines,
for the purpose of obtaining a mitigation or remission of any fine, penalty .
or forfeiture, which may be exercised by the judges of the district courts,
in cases depending before them: The said state courts first causing
reasonable notice to be given to the person or persons claiming such
fine, penalty or forfeiture, and to the attorney, who may, under warrant
from the attorney of the district, prosecute, for the United States, in
such court, that each may have an opportunity of showing cause against
the mitigation or remission thereof.
SEC. 19. And be it .further enacted, That the act, intituled "An act Provisious of
repealing, after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon certain act ex-
tended for reco-
distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead, very of penal-
and also upon spirits distilled within the United States, and for appro- ties, &c. under
priating the same ;" and the act, intituled "An act concerning the duties this.
on spirits distilled in the United States," shall extend to, and be in full
force, for the recovery and distribution of the penalties and forfeitures 1791, ch. 15.
herein contained, and, generally, for the execution of this act, as fully 1792, ch. 32.
and effectually, as if every regulation, restriction, penalty, provision,
clause, matter and thing, therein contained, were inserted in, and re-
enacted by this present act, subject only to the alterations hereby made.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. L.-n Act in addition to the act for the punishment of certain crimes June 5, 1794.
against the United States. (a)
SECTION 1. Be it enacted and declared by the Senate and House of Act of April
Represeaatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 30,1790, ch. 9.
Act of'April 24,
That if any citizen of the United States shall, within the territory or iSOO, ch. 35.
(a) Illegal outfit of vessels in the ports of the United States.-Where a vessel had been built in New
York, for the purpose of employing her in a war with England, if a war had broken out, and wts after-
wards sold to a French citizen, who used her as a privateer, the Supreme Court refused to hear cousel

382 THIRD CONGRESS. Sass. I. Cu. 50. 1794.
Repealed by jurisdiction of the same, accept and exercise a commission to serve a
Act ofoh.April 20, foreign prince or state in war by land or sea, the person so offending shall
88, 12.oei
1818,
Punishmientoln be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined not more than
persons accept. two thousand dollars, and shall be imprisoned not exceeding three years.
against the allegation that this was an original construction or outfit of the vessel for the purposes of war.
Moodie v. The Alfred, 3 Dal]. 307 ; 1 Cond. Rei 135.
A French privateer had taken'out her guns, masts, and sails, which remained on shore until the general
repairs were completed, and they were again put on hoard ; after which she sailed on a cruise, and cap-
tured a British vessel, which she sent into Charleston. On a claim of restitution on the ground that the
vessel had been originally fitted out in the United States, in a neutral port, the court decided that the
mere replacement of her force could not be considered as an augmentation ; even if an augmentation of
force should be considered a cause for restoration. Moodie v. The sloop Phoebe Ann, 3 Dall. 319; 1
Cond. Rep. 139.
A neutral nation may, if so disposed, without a breach of her neutrality, grant permission to both
belligerents to equip their vessels of war within her territories. But without such permission, the sub-
jects of such belligkrent powers have no right to equip vessels of war, or to augment their force, either
with arms or men, within the neutral territory. The Alerta v. Bias Moran, 9 Cranch, 369; 3 Cond. Rep.
42-5.
Such unauthorized acts violate the sovereignty of a neutral nation. All captures made by such equip-
ments are illegal in respect to such nation, and it is competent for her courts to punish the offenders
and if prizes are brought within their jurisdiction, to order and cause them to be restored. Ibid.
It is immaterial whether the persons taken on board at the neutral port were native American citizens
o- foreigners domiciled in the United States. Neither the law of nations, nor the act of Congress recog-
nizes any distinction, except to the subjects of the state in whose service they were enlisted transiently
in tie United States. Ibid.
An augmentation of force, affects only captures made during the original cruise. The offence termi-
nates at the end of the voyageand does not affect subsequent tfansactions. But as to captures made
during the same cruise, the doctrine has been long established, that such illegal augmentation of force is
a violation of the law of nations, as well as of our own municipal laws; and as a violation of our neu-
trality, it affects the captures subsequently made with the character of torts ; and justifies and requires
a restitution of the property to such persons as have been injured by such misconduct. The Santissima
Trinidad, 7 Wheat. 283; 5 Cond. Rep. 284.
The practice is now fully established, that prizes made by vessels which have violated the acts of Con-
gress enacted for the preservation of the neutrality of the United States, if brought within her territory
shall be restored. The Gran Pars, 7 Wheat. 471 ; 5 Cond. Rep. 328.
It has never been held that the offence adheres to the vessel under whatever change takes place ; nor
that it does not terminate when the voyage, for which the illegal outfit was made, shall have ended. But
if this termination was merely.colourable, and the vessel was equipped with the intention of being em-
ployed on the cruise during wIich the capture was made, the violation is not purged. Ibid.
Property belonging to a friendly power, captured on the high seas by a privateer~ armed and fitted out
by citizens of the United States, in the waters of the United States, as a vessel of waro, and commanded
by a citizen of the United States, is illegally captured; and meat be restored to its owner, if brought,
within our jurisdictiun. The Fanny, 9 Wheat. 658; 6 Cued. Rep. 722.
A French privateer fitted out in the United States, and commissioned as a privateer by the French
minister residing in the United States, being proscribed by the President of the United States, dismantled
and sold in Charleston, was afterwards fitted out for war in a foreign port, and was commissioned by
France. Captures made by her are not illegal, and are no violation of the neutrality of the United States.
Williamson V. The Betsey, Hee's Admiralty Decisions, 67.
The laws of neutrality and nations do not, in any case, interdict vessels from going to sea armed and
fitted for defensive war. Bee's Adm. Decisions, 69.
It is a violation of the act of June 6, 1794, to concert an expedition from the United States to com-
mit hostilities against a power at peace with the United States ; and it is unimportant that such expedi-
tion originated beyond seas, if carried on from this country. It is unimportant whether the persons en-
gaged in such a purpose, engage the whole vessel to themselves, or depart as passengers. I Peters's
C. C. R. 487.
The previous knowledge or approbation of' the President of the United States, of the illegal act of a
citizen, can afford him no justification of the breach of a constitutional law. Trial of Smith and Ogden,
237.
To bring a case within the 5th section of the act of June 5, 1794, made perpetual by the abt of April
24, 1800, prohibiting any person within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States from providing
or preparing the means of a military expedition or enterprise to be carried on from thence, against the
territory or dominions of any foreign prince or state, with whom the United States are at peace, it is im-
material whether or not the vessel, at the identical time of sailing, is in complete readiness for hostile
engagement. If the vessel sailed with the means or intent to carry it on, such an enterprise is within
the act. Ibid.
Indictment under the 3d section of the act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United
States, passed April 20, 1818. The indictment charged the defendant with being knowingly concerned
in fitting out in the port of Baltimore, a vessel with intent to employ her in the service of a "foreign
people." "The United Provinces of Buenos Ayres," against the subjects of the emperor of Brazil, with
whom the United States were at peace. The vessel went from Baltimore to St. Thomas, and was there
fully armed. She afterwards cruised under the Buenos Ayrean flag. Held -- To bring the defendant
within the words of the act, it is not necessary to charge him with being concerned in fitting out and arming
the vessel. The words are, fitting out or arming; either will constitute the offence. It is sufficient if
the indictment charges the offence in the words of the act. The United States ad.John P. Quincy, 6
Peters, 445.
The law does not prohibit armed vessels, belonging to citizens of the Untied States, from sailing out
of our ports. It only requires the owner of such vessels to give security, that such vessels shall not be
employed by them to commit hostilities against a foreign power at peace with the United States. 1bid.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cia. 50. 1794.
Szc. 2. And be it further en, cted and declared, That if any person ing certaincom.
shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States enlist or missions.
on enlisting,
enter himself, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, &c.togo beyond
or to go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States with intent jurisdiction of
to be enlisted or entered in the service of any foreign prince or state as United States.
a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on board of any vessel of war; letter
of marque or privateer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty
of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined not exceeding one thousand
dollars, and be imprisoned not exceeding three years. Provided, That Proviso.
this shall not be construed to extend to any subject or citizen of a foreign
prince or state who shall transiently be within.the United States and
shall on board of any vessel of war, letter of marque or privateer, which
at the time of its arrival within the United States was fitted and equipped
as such, enlist or enter himself or hire or retain another subject or citizen
of the same foreign prince or state, who is transiently within the United
States, to enlist or enter himself to serve such prince or state on board
such vessel of war, letter of marque or privateer, if the United States
shall then be at peace with such prince or state. And provided further,
That if any person so enlisted shall within thirty days after such enlist-
ment voluntarily discover upon oath to some justice of the peace or other
civil magistrate, the person or persons by whom he was so enlisted, so
as that he or they may be apprehended and convicted of the said offence;
such person so discoveriiig the offender or offenders shall be indemnified
from the penalty prescribed by this act.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted and declared, That if any person Punishment
shall within any of the ports, harbors, bays, rivers or other waters of the on fitting
ships of warout
or
United States, fit out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm or procure issuing certain
to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly be concerned in the fur- commissions.
nishing, fitting out or arming of any ship or vessel with intent that such
ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of any foreign, prin ce or
state to cruise or commit hostilities upon the subjects, citizens or property
of another foreign prince or state with whomn the United States are at
peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within the territory or juris-
diction of the United States for any ship or vessel to the intent that she
may be employed as aforesaid, every such person so offending shall upon
conviction be adjudged guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined
and imprisoned at the discretion of the court in which the conviction 1797, ch. 1.
shall be had, so as the fine to be imposed shall in no case be more than
five thousand dollars and the term of imprisonment shall not exceed
three years, and every such ship or vessel with her taclde, apparel and
furniture together with all materials, arms, ammunition and stores which
may have been procured for the building and equipment thereof shall be
forfeited, one half to the use of any person who shall give information
of the offence, and the other half to the use of the United States.
Scc. 4. And be it further enacted and declared, That if any person on increasing
shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States increase or or augmenting
augment, or procure to be increased or augmented, or shall be knowingly force o aipy
concerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any ship of war,
cruiser or other armed vessel which at the time of her arrival within the
United States, was a ship of war, cruiser or armed vessel in the service
of a foreign prince or state or belonging to the-subjects or citizens of
such prince or state the same being at war with another foreign prince
or state with whom the United States are at peace, by adding to the
number or size of the guns of such vessel prepared for use, or by the ad-
dition thereto of any equipment solely applicable to war, every such person
so offending shall upon conviction be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor,
and shall be fined and imprisoned at the discretion of the court in which
the conviction shall be had, so as that such fine shall not exceed one
thousand dollars, nor the term of imprisonment be more than one year.

THIRD CONGRESS. Sss. I. CH. 51. -194.
Punishment SEC. 5.' And be it further enacted and declared, That if any person
of persons set.
ting onfootcer. shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States begin or
tainexpedi- set on foot or provide or prepare the means for any military expedition
tions. or enterprise to be carried on from thence against the territory or do-
minions of any foreign prince or state with whom the United States are
at peace, every such person so offending shall upon conviction be ad-
judged guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall suffer fine and imprison-
ment at the discretion of the court in which the conviction shall be had,
so as that such fine shall not exceed three thousand dollars nor the term
of imprisonment be more than three years.
District courts SEC. 6. And be it further enacted and declared, That the district
to Cogni- courts shall take cognizance ofcompla~nts by whomsoever instituted, in
takeof certain
zance
captures. cases of captures made within the waters of the United States, or within
a marine league of the coasts or shores thtreof.
Power of the Sac. 7. And be it further enacted and dec'Ared, That in every ease in
President of the which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed, or uttempted so to be fitted
United States
herein, out or armed, or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser or other
armed vessel, shall be increased or augmented, or inwhich any military
expedition or enterprise shall be begun or set on foot contrary to the
prohibitions and provisions of.this act; and in every cast of the capture
of a ship or vessel within the jurisdiction or protection of the United
States as above defined, and in every case in which any process issuing
out of any court of the United States, shall be disobeyed or resisted by
any person or persons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser or
other armed vessel of any foreign prince or state, or of the subjects or
citizens of such prince or state, in every such case it shall be lawful for
the President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have
empowered for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval
forces of the United States or of the militia thereof as shall be judged
necessary .for the purpose of taking possession of, and detaining any
such ship or vessel, with her prize or prizes if any, in order to the exe-
cution of the prohibitions and penalties of this act, and to the restoring
such prize or prizes, in the cases in which restoration shall have been
adjudged, and also for the purpose of preventing the carrying on of any
such expedition or enterprise from the territories of the United States
against the territories or dominions of a foreign prince or state, with
whom the United States are at peace.
SEc. 8. And be it further enacted and declared, That it shall be
lawful for the President of the United States, or such other person as
he shall have empowered for that purpose, to employ such part of the
land or naval forces of the United States or of the militia thereof, as
shall be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to depart the
United States, in all cases in which, by the laws of nations or the trea-
ties of the United States, they ought not to remain within the United
States.
Prosecution of SEC. 9. And be it further enacted, That nothing in the foregoing
treason not to
be impaired, act shall be construed to prevent the prosecution or punishment of trea-
son, or any piracy defined by a treaty or other law of the United States.
Continued by SEC. 10. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
act of 1800, ch' be in force for and during the term of two years, and from thenee to
35, and 1795, ch.
5 the end of the next session of Congress, and no lontger.
STATUTE I.
June 5, 1794. CnAP. LI.-An .dcl laying certain duties upon Snuff and Refined Sugar.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
Act of March 3, tires of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from
1795, ch. 43. and after the thirtieth day of September next, there be levied, collected
and paid, upon all snuff, which, after that day, shall be manufactured for

THIRD RCONGRESS, -Szss. I. C;i. 51; :1794.
sale, within the United States, at any manufactory, for every pound of Dutiesonsnuff
eight cents. snuf, cntstember.
after 30th Sep.
eiht
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That from and after the said thir- On refined
tieth day of September next, there be levied, collected and paid, upon sugars.
all sugar which shall be refined within the United States, a duty of two
cents per pound.
SEC. 3. And be it farther enacted, That the duties aforesaid shall be By whom col.
levied, collected and accounted for, by the same officers as are provided lected.
by the act, intituled "An act repealing, after the last day of June next, 1791, ch. 15.
the duties heretofore laid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad,
and laying others in their stead, and also upon spirits distilled within
the United States, and for appropriating the same;" subject to the super-
intendence and control of the department of the treasury, according to
the respective authorities and duties of the officers thereof.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That every manufacturer of snuff,, Duty of man-
ufacturers of
who shall he such previous to, and on the thirtieth day of September snuff herein.
next, shall, on the said day; and every manufacturer of snuff who shall
be, and become such, after the said day, shall, twenty days, at the least,
previobs to commencing the business or trade of manufacturing snuff
for sale, make true and exact entry and report in writing, at the office
of inspection, which shall be nearest to the house or building where he
or she shall carry on, or intend to carry on, the business or trade afore.
said, of every house or building where such business or trade shall be
by him or her carried on, or intended so to be, and of every mill, spe-
cifying the number of mortars to each, which he or she shall have or
keep therein, for the performing of any process, operation, matter or
thing in or about the manufacturing of snuff, and shall also give bond
in the sum of five thousand dollars, with condition, that he or she shall,
and will, from day to day, enter in a book, or on a paper to be kept for
that purpose, all snuff, which he or she shall manufacture, or cause to
be manufactured, and of the quantities, from day'to day, by him or her
sent out, or caused to be sent out.of the house or building, where the
same shall have been manufactured; and shall and will, on the first day
of January, April, July and October, in each year, render a just and
true account of all the snuff which he or she shall 'have manufactured
or made, and sent out, or caused or procured to be manufactured or
made and sent out, first from the time of his or her entry and report
aforesaid, until the day wvhich shall first ensue, of the days abovemen-
tioned for the rendering of such account, and thenceforth, successively,
from the time when such .account ought to have been, and up to which
it shall have been last rendered, until the day next thereafter, of the
days abovementioned for the rendering of such account; producing
therewith the original book or paper whereon the entries, from day to
day to be made, as aforesaid, have been made, and shall, at the time of
rendering each account, pay or secure the duties, which, by this act,
ought to be paid upon the snuff.in the said account mentioned and
stated: And if any such manufacturer shall omit to make any such Foreiture on
entry or report, or to give any such bond as is herein before directed, neglect thereof.
he or she shall forfeit and lose every mill, together with the mortars and
other utensils thereto belonging, which he or she shall have or keep,
for the performing of any process, matter or thing, in or about the
manufacturing of snuff, and shall also forfeit and pay the sum of five
hundred dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That every refiner of sugar, who Duty of sugar
shall be such, immediately before, and on the thirtieth day of Septem- refiners.
ber next, shall, on the said day, and every refiner of sugar, who shall
be, and become such, after the said day, shall, twenty days, at the least,
previous to commencing the business of refining sugar, make true and
exact entry and report in writing, at the office of inspection, which
VOL. L.-49 2K

386 THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 51. 1794.
Duty of sugar shall be nearest to the house or building where he or she shall carry on,
refiners., or intend to carry on, the said business, of every house or building,
where such business shall be by him or her carried on, or intended so
to be, and of every pan or boiler, together with the capacity of each,
which he shall have, or employ, for the purpose of refining sugar, and
shall also give bond in the sum of five thousand dollars,.with condition,
that he or she shall and will enter or cause to be entered, in a book or
paper to be kept for that purpose, all sugar which he or she shall refine,
or cause to be refined, and of the quantities, from day to day, by him
or her sent out or caused to be sent out, of the house or building where
the same shall have been refined, and shall, on the first day of January,
April, July and October, in each year, render a just and true account
of all the refined sugar, which he or she shall have sent out, or caused
or procured to be sent out, friom the first time of his or her entry and
report aforesaid, until the day, which shall first ensue, of the days above
mentioned, for the rendering of such account; and thenceforth, suc-
cessively, from the time when such account ought to have been, and up
to which it shall have been last rendered, until the day next thereafter
of the days above mentioned for the rendering Of such account, pro-
ducing and showing therewith, the original book or paper, whereon the
entries, from day to day, to be made, as aforesaid, have been made; and
he or she shall, at the time of rendering each account, pay or secure the
duties, which by this act ought to be paid upon the refined sugar in the
Forfeiture on said account mentioned. And if any such refiner shall omit to make
neglect thereof. any such entry or report, he or she shall forfeit and lose every pan or
boiler, which he or she shall have, and use, for the purpose of refining
sugar, and shall also forfeit the sum of' five hundied dollars, to be reco-
vered with costs of suit.
Manufacturers SEC. 6. And be Itfarther enacted, That every such manufacturer of
fosnuffannualy snuff shall,.yearlh, being thereunto required by an cflicer of inspection,
to make oath or affrmation, according to the best of his or her knowledge
and belief, that the accounts, which have been by him or her rendered
Of quantity of the quantities of snuff by him or her manufactured or made, and
manufactured, sent out, -rcaused or procured to be manufactured or made, and sent
out, have been and are just and true.
Refiaers of Soc. 7. And be it further nacted, That every refiner of sugar shall,
sugar to make yearlv, being thereunto required by an officer of inspection, make oath
oath annually,
&c. or affirmation, according to the best of his or her knowledge and belief,
that the accounts, which have been by him or her rendered, of the quan-
tities of refined sugar by him or her sent out of the house or building,
where the same shall have been manufactured, or procured or caused so
to be sent out, have beeQ just and true.
Persons swear. Sue. S. And be itfurther enacted,That if any person shall knowingly,
ng ralsely and
deemed llt nd with dsgrsero
design, falselv swear or affirm, touching any of the matters
ofr wlr'ulper- herein before required to he verified by oath or affirmation, he or she
jury. shall be deemed guilty cf wilful and corrupt perjury.
Manufacturers Soc. 9. And be it further enacted, That every manufacturer of snuff
or sffuff and re-and everrrefiner of sugar, shall, at each time of rendering an account,
finers
whnen tooF" sugar
eport as herein before required, make a true and particular report of the en-
engines. &c. gines, implements and utensils, of the several descriptions herein before
mentioned, which he or she, at any time since that of rendering his or
her last account, hath used or kept, and shall then have, use, 6r keep,
for carrying on his or her trade or business, on pain of forfeiting, for
each and every neglect or omission, all such engines, implements and
utensils, together with the sum of five hundred dollfirs, to be recovered
with costs of suit.
Forfeiture of SEc. 10. And be it fifrther enacted, That all snuff and refined-sugar,
snuff and ,ugar which shall have been manufactured or made within the United States in
pay ue
o srlectn
duties, g to manner aforesaid, after the said thirtieth day of September next, whereof

the duties aforesaid have not been duly paid or secured, according to
the true intent and meaning of this act, shall, upon default being made
in the paying or securing of the said duties, be forfeited, and shall.and
may be seized, as forfeited, by any officer of the inspection or of the
customs.
SEC. 11. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for every How the du-
such manufacturer of snuff, or refiner of sugar, at his or her option, ties may be
either to pay, upon the rendering of his or her account as aforesaid, the paid.
duties, which shall thereby appear to be due and payable, with a deduc-
tion or abatement of six per cent. for prompt payment, or to give bond,
with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the officer of inspection,
to whom such account shall be rendered, for the payment of the said
duties, at the expiration of nine months thereafter: Provided, That no
person, whose bond for any of the said duties shall remain unpaid, be-
yond the term allowed for the payment thereof, shall be entitled to future
credit for any of the said duties, so long as .such bond shall remain
unpaid.
SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That from and after the said Duties on im-
thirtieth day of September next, there shall be levied, collected and paid ported snuff, to-
(in addition to the duties now payable thereupon) upon all manufactured bacco and re-
fined sugftr.
tobacco or snuff, and upon all refined sugar, which, after the said day,
shall be imported into the United States, from any foreign port or place,
the following rates and duties, to wit:
Upon tobacco, four cents per pound:
Upon snuff, twelve cents per pound:
Upon refined sugar, four cents per pound:
Which duties shall be collected in the same manner, by the same offi- By whom cot.
cers, under the like regulations, and subject to the like pains, penalties lected.
and forfeitures, e. now are collected the duties heretofore laid upon the
said articles, respectively ; the act and acts concerning which are hereby
declared to be, and shall be in as full force, for the collection of the
additional duties hereby laid, as if the said act and acts were herein
particularly recited and repeated.
Sac. 13. And be it further enacted, That from and after the thirty- After 31st De.
first day of December next, no refined loaf or 'lump sugar shall be im-.incemberwhat howand
vessels
ported into the United States, from any foreign port or place, except in refined sugar
ships or vessels of the burthen of one hundred and twenty tons and up- shall be import-
wards, and in casks or packages containing, each, not less than six hun- ed.
dred pounds, on pain of forfeiting the said ships, or vessels, and the loaf
and lump sugar imported therein, except in such casks or packages, as
aforesaid.
SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That from and after the thirtieth Ater 30th
day of September next, no drawback of the duties upon any manufac- September no
drawback al-
tured tobacco, or snuffeor refined sugar, which shall have been imported lowed on man.
into the United States, from any foreign port or place, shall be allowed, facturei or re-
but the duties hereby laid upon snuff manufactured within the United fined sugar ira-
States, and sugar refined within the same, shall and may be drawn back ported.
upon all such of the said snuff manufactured withini the United States,
and upon all such of the said sugar, refined within the United States, Allowanceon
after the said thirtieth day of September next, which, after the said day, said articles ex-
shall be exported from the United States, to any foreign port or place: porte't.
And adding to the drawback upon sugar so exported, three cents per
pound, on account of duties paid upon the importation of raw sugar.
Provided, That no drawback shall be allowed on the exportation of
either of the said articles in any instance, where the same shall amount
to less than twelve dollars.
SEC. 15. And be it.further enacted, That in order to entitle the ex- Notice to be
porter or exporters to the benefit of the said allowances, he, she, or they givenbyexport.
shall, previous to the putting or lading any of the said snuff or refined r,.

THIRD CONGRESS. Sass. I. Ca. 51. 1794.
sugar on board of any ship or vessel for exportation, give six hours' no-
To officers of tice at the least to the proper office, of inspection of the port from
inspection, which the said snuff or sugar shall be intended to be exported, of his,
her, or their intention to export the same, and of the number of pack-
ages containing the same, and the respective marks thereof, and the place
or places where deposited, and of the place to which, and ship or vessel
in which, they or either of them shall be so intended to be exported.
Whereupon, it shall be the duty of the said officer to inspect, by himself
or deputy, the packages so notified for exportation, and the same, after
such inspection, shall be laden on board the same ship or vessel, of which
notice shall have been given, and in the jpresence of the same officer
or his deputy, who shall have inspected the same ; which officer, after
the same shall have been so laden on board, shall certify to the collect-
or of the district the quantity and particulars of the article or articles
so laden for exportation.
Under what SEC. 16. Provided nevertheless, and be it further enacted, That the
restrictions said said allowance shall not be made, unless the said exporter or exporters
allowance to be
made. shall make oath or affirmation, that the said snuff or sugar so noticed
for exportation and laden on board such ship or vessel, are truly intend-
ed to be exported to the place, whereof notice shall have been given,
and are not intended to be relanded within the United States, and that
he or she doth verily believe that the duties th6reupon charged by this
act, have been duly paid or secured to be paid; and shall also give bond
to the collector, with two sureties one of whom shall be the master, or
other per-'son having the command or charge of the ship or vessel, in
which the said snuff or sugar shall be intended to be exported ; the other,
such sufficient person as shall be approved by the said collector, in the
full value in the judgment of the said collector, of the said snuff or
sugar so intended to be exported, with condition that the said snuff or
sugar (the dangers of the seas and enemies excepted) shall be really and
truly exported to, and landed in some port or place without the limits of
the United States, and that the said snuff or sugar shall not be unship-
ped from on board of the said ship or vessel whereupon the same shall
have been laden for exportation, within the said limits, or any ports or
harbors of the United States, or relanded in any other part of the same
(shipwreck or other unavoidable accident excepted).
When said al- .SEC. 17; Provided also, and be it further enacted, That the said al-
logance shall lowance shall not be paid until nine months after the said snuff or sugar
be paid. shall have been so exported: And provided also, That whenever the
owner of any ship or vessel, on board of which, any such snuffor sugar are
laden for exportation, shall make known to the collector previous to the
departure of such ship or vessel, from the port where such snuff or su-
gar are laden, that such ship or vessel is not going to proceed on the
voyage intended, or the voyage is altered, it shall be lawful for the col-
lector to grant a permit for relanding the same.
Duty of ex- SEC. 18. And be it further enacted, That if any of the said snuff or
portersherein, sugar, after the same shall have been shipped for exportation, shall be
unshipped for any purpose whatever, either within the limits of any part
of the United -States, or within four leagues of the coast thereof, or
shall be relanded within the United States, from on board the ship or
vessel, wherein the same shall have been laden for exportation, unless
the voyage shall not be proceeded on, or shall be altered as aforesaid, or
unless in case of necessity or distress to save the ship and goods from
perishing, which shall be immediately made known to the principal offi-
cer of the customs, residing at the port nearest to which such ship or
vessel shall be, at the time such necessity or distress shall arise, then not
only the snuff or sugar so unshipped, together with the casks, vessels
and cases containing the same, but also the ship or vessel, in; or on
board which, the same shall have been so shipped or laden, together with

THIRD CONGRESS. S-Ess. I. -Ca. 51. 1794.
the guns, furniture, ammunition, tackle and apparel, and also the ship, Forfeiture on
vessel or boat, into which the said snuff or sugar shall be unshipped or neglect thereof.
put, after the unshipping thereof, together with her guns, furniture, am-
munition, tackle and apparel, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by
any officer of the customs or of inspection.
SEC. 19. And be it further enacted, That the bonds to be given, as Bonds to be
aforesaid, shall, and may be discharged, by producing, within one year given, how dis-
from the respective dates thereof (if the same shall be shipped to any charged.
part of Europe or America, and within two years, if shipped to any
part of Asia or Africa; and if the delivery of the snuff or sugar, in re-
spect to which the same shall have been given, be at any place, where a
consul or other agent of the United States resides) a certificate of such
consul or agent, or if there be no consul or agent, then a certificate of
any two known and reputable American merchants residing at the said
place; and if there be not two such merchants residing at the said Proceedings
place, then a certificate of any other two reputable merchants, testifying to be had for
dshbarging
the delivery of the said snuff or sugar, at the said place. Which certifi- bonds.
cate shall, in each case, be confirmed by the oath or affirmation of the
master and mate, or other like officer of the vessel, in which the said snuff
or sugar shall have been exported; and when such certificate shall be
from any other than a consul or agent, or merchants of the United
States, it shall be a part of the said oath or affirmation, that there were
not, upon diligent enquiry, to be found two merchants of the United
States at the said'place: Provided always, That in case of death, the Proviso.
oath or affirmation of the party dying, shall not be deemed necessary:
And provided further, That the said oath or affirmation, taken before
the chief civil magistrate of the place, of the said delivery, and certified
under his hand and seal, shall be of the same validity, as if taken be-
fore a person qualified to administer oaths within the United States; or
such bonds shall and may be discharged, upon proof that the snuff or
sugar, so exported, were taken by enemies, or perished in the sea, or
destroyed by fire: The examination and proof of the same, being left to
the judgment of the collector of the customs, naval -officer, and chief
officer of inspection, or any two of them, of the place from which such
snuff or sugar shall have been exported. And in cases where the cer-
tificates herein directed cannot be obtained, the exporter or exporters
of such snuff or sugar shall nevertheless be permitted to offer such other
proof as to the delivery of the said snuff or sugar, without the limits of
the Ubited States, as he or they may have; and if the same shall be
deemed sufficient by the said collector, he shall allow the same, except
when the drawback to be aLlowed shall amount to one hundred dollars
or upwards: In all which cases, the proofs aforesaid shall be referred to
the Comptroller of the Treasury, whose decision thereon shall be final.
SEC. 20. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful to export, When and.in
directly from anypanufdctory of snuffor of refined sugar, to any foreign what manner
snuff and sugar
port or place, any snuff or refined sugar, which shall have been manu- may be export.
factured at such manufactory, after the said thirtieth day of September ed directly, &c.
next, free from duty: Provided, That the same proceedings be had, in
all respects, in order thereto, which are hefein before prescribed, in
order to the obtaining the benefit of the drawbacks of the duties which
have been paid, or secured, upon any snuff or sugar, exported to a_
foreign port or place.
SEc. 21. And be it further enacted, That all penalties and forfei. Distribution
tures, which shall be incurred, pursuant to this act, shall be divided and o 'penalties8,
the nnerthisaqi.
distributed, one half thereof to the use of the United States, and
other half thereof to the use of the person who, if an officer of inspec-
tion, shall first discover, or if not an officer of inspection, shall first give
information of the cause, matter or thing, whereby any of the said penal.
ties or forfeitures shall have been incurred.
2K2

THIRD CONGRESS. Siss. I. CH..52, 53,54. 1794.
Limitation of SEC. 22. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
this act. be in force for the term of two years, and from thence till the end of
1795, ch. 4,5,§ 20. the next session of Congress, and no longer.
1801, ch. 11. APPROVED, June 5, 1794.
STATUTE I.
June 7, 1794.
CHAP. LI.-n Act in addition to the "Act for making further and more effect-
ual provisionfor the protection of the frontiers of the United States."
Allowance to tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That if any
widows and or-
phans of officers commissioned officer in the troops of the United States shall, while in
dying in service. the service of the United States, die by reason of wounds received in
1792, ch. 9. actual service of the United States, and shall leave a widow, or if no
1802, ch. 9,
see. 14, 15.
widow, shall leave a child or children, under age, such widow, or if no
widow, such child or children, shall be entitled to, and receive the half
of the monthly pay, to whibh the deceased was entitled at the time of
his death, for and during the term of five years: And in case of the
death or intermarriage of such widow, before the expiration of the said
term of five years, the half pay, for the remainder of the term, shall go
to the child or children of such deceased officer, while under the age of
sixteen years, and, in like manner, the allowance to the child or children
of such deceased, where there is no widow, shall be paid no longer than
while there is a child or children under the age aforesaid. Provided,
That no greater sum shall be allowed in any case, to the widow or to the
child or children of any officer, than the half pay of a lieutenant colonel.
Army how SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the army be in future paid
paid in future. insuch manner that the arrears shall at no time exceed two months.
President of SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That to such of the troops as are
United States
may increase ra-
or may be employed on the frontiers, and under such special circum-
tions of certain stances as in the opinion of the President of the United States, may
troops. require an augmentation of some parts of their rations, the President be
authorized to direct such augmentation as he may judge necessary, not
exceeding four ounces of beef, two ounces of flour and half a gill of rum
or whiskey in addition to each ration, and half a pint of salt to one
hundred rations.
STATUTE L
June 7, 1794. CHAP 1.11-4n Se! for the remission of the duties on certain distilled spirits
destroyed by fire.
WHEREAS Jabez Rogers, junior, who had erected large works at
Middlebury, in the state of Vermont, for distilling spirits from the pro-
duce of the country, has had the same twice destroyed by fire with a
quantity of spirits therein, on which, by law, duties had become payable
to the United States : And whereas, considering the equity of the case,
said duties ought to be remitted; therefore,
Remission of Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
certain duties to United States of America in Congress assembled, That the duties paya-
Jabez Rogers. ble to the United States on all such distilled spirits, as shall be proved, to
the satisfaction of the supervisor of the district of Vermont, to have been
destroyed by fire in the distilleries lately burnt at Middlebury in the state
of Vermont, be and are hereby remitted.
STATUTE I.
June 7, 1794. CHAP. LIV.-Sn Sel laying additionalDuties on Goods, Wares and Merchandise
imported into the United States.
[Obsolete.]
1795, ch. 45. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and'House of Representatives
of the UnitedStates of America, in Congress assembled, That from and

THIRD CONGIESS. SEss. I. C. 54. 1794.
after the last day of June instant, there shall be levied, collected and paid
Additional du-
ties on certain
upon the following articles imported into the United States, in ships or articles import.
vessels of the United States, the several duties herein after mentioned, ed in vessels of
over and above the duties now payable by law ;-viz: United States
after 30th June
On coffee, clayed or lump sugar, per pound, one cent. inst.
On cocoa, per pound, two cents.
On cheese, per pound, three cents.-
On boots, per pair, twenty-five cents.
On shoes and slippers for men and women, and on clogs and golo-
shoes, per pair, five cents.
On shoes and slippers for children, per pair, three cents.
On coal, per bushel, one half a cent.
Five per cent. ad valorem.
On millinery ready made, artificial flowers, feathers and other orna- Duties -five
ments for women's head-dresses, and on dolls dressed and undressed, per cent. ad va-
lorem.
On cast, slit, and rolled iron, and generally, on all manufactures of iron,
steel, tin, pewter, copper, brass, or of which either of those metals is the
article of chief value, not being otherwise particularly enumerated, (brass
and iron wire, locks, hinges, hoes, anvils, and vises excepted.)
On carpets and carpeting.
On leather tanned or tawed, and generally, all manufactures of lea-
ther, or of which leather is the article of chief value, not otherwise parti-
cularly enumerated.
On medicinal drugs, except those commonly used in dyeing.
On matts and floor cloths.
On hats, caps, and bonnets of every sort.
On gloves, mittens, stockings, fans, buttons and buckles of every kind.
On sheathing and cartridge paper.
On all powders, pastes, ball, balsams, ointments, oils, waters, washes,
tinctures, essences, or other preparations, or compositions, commonly
called sweet scents or odours, perfumes or cosmetics, and on all denti-
frice, powders or preparations for the teeth or gums.
On gold, silver, or plated wards, gold and silver lace, jewellery and
paste work, clocks and watches, and the parts of either
On groceries, to wit, cinnamon, cloves, mace, nutmegs, ginger, ani-
seed, currants, dates, prunes, raisins, sugar candy; oranges,- lemons,
limes, and generally all fruits and comfits, olives, capers, pickles of every
sort, oil, and mustard in flour.
On all marble, slate, or other stone, on bricks, tiles, tables, mortars,
and other stone, and generally on all glass, except window glass, and on
all stone, and earthen ware.
On cabinet wares, and all manufactures of wood, or of which wood
is the material of chief value.
On all manufactures of cotton or linen, or of muslins; of cotton and
linen, or of which cotton or linen is the material of chief value, being
printed, stained or Coloured.
On carriages, and parts of carriages, four and a half per cent. ad
valorem.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That' after, the said last day of
June instant; there shall be laid, levied and collected, in addition to the
present duty thereupon, a duty of uwo and a half per cent. ad valorem,
upon all goods, wares and merchandise, which, if imported in ships or
vessels of the United States, are now' chargeable, by law, with a duty
of seven and a half per cent. ad valorem.
Scc. 3. And be it fltrther enacted, That the fourth section of-the act, 4th section of
intituled "An net for raising a further sum of money for the protectiou finued t St
of the frontiers, and for otlier purposes therein mentioned," whereby an January I797.
additional duty of two and a half per cent. ad valorem, was laid upon 1792. eh. 27.

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. C% 55, 57. 1794.
certain goods, wares and merchandise, be, and the same is hereby con-
tinued in force, until the first day of January, one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-seven.
Additionaldu- SEC. 4. And be itfurther enacted,That an addition of ten per centum,
tyon said arti- shall be made, to the several rates of duties above specified and imposed,
cles brought in
foreign vessels, in respect to all goods, wares and merchandise, which, after the said
last day of.June instant, shall be imported in ships or vessels, not of the
United States.
When duties SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That all duties, which shall be
on goods, wares paid, or secured to be paid, by virtue of this act, shall be returned or
&c. shall be re- discharged, in respect to all such goods, wares or merchandise, Where-
turned.
1800, ch. 64. upon they shall have been so paid or secured to be paid, as within twelve
calendar months after payment made or security given, shall be exported
Except one to any foreign port or place, except one per centum on the amount of
per cent. the said duties, which shall be retained, as an indemnification for what-
ever expense may have ac6rued concerning the same.
Certain act in SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the act, intituled "An act
force as to col- to provide more effectually for the collection of the duties imposed by
lection oldutiea o
under this. aw on goods, wares and mierchandise imported into the United States,
1790, ch. 35. and on the tonnage of ships or vessels," shall extend to, and be in full
1794, ch. :33. force for the collection of the duties specified and laid in and by this
act, and generally for the execution thereof, as fully and effectually as
if every regulation, restriction, penalty, provision, clause, matter and
thing, therein contained, had been herein inserted and re-enacted.
This act not SEc. 7. And be it further enacted, That nothing in this act shall be
to affect certain construed to extend to, or affect the act, intituled "An act prohibiting
other act. for a limited time the exportation of arms and ammunition, and encou-
raging the importation of the same."
Limitation of Sec. S. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue in
act.
this
continued,
force until the first day of January, one thdusand seven hundred, and
1795, ch. 45. ninety-seven, and no longer.
APPROVEDE, June 7, 1794.
STATUTE I.
June 7, 1794. CiiAp LV.-Jn .Act allowing an additionalcompensation to the principal Clerks
in the Department of State, and the Treasury and War Departments, for"the
[Obsolete.] year one thousand seven hundred and ninely-bur.
Additional al- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
lowance
year one States of Ame
forpInh-,Tht
to the in Congress assembled, That in addition
adio te corn-
to the
cipal Clerks. pensations established by law there be allowed, for the present year, the
further sum of two hundred dollars to each of the principal clerks em-
ployed in the department of State and in the Treasury and War depart-
ments, and that the same be paid in the manner and at the times their
respective salaries are payable by law.
bTATUTr I
Jure 7, 1794. k0-p.- LVII.-IAn Yet concerning Invalids.

[[Obsolete.] Be it enactea oy the Senate and House 'of Representatives of the
UVited States of Amerzca in Congress assembled, That the Secretary
of the War departuent be, and he is hereby directed to place upon the list
of invalid pensioners of the United States, all persons who have been
Secretary at returned as such by the judges of the several districts under the act of
War to place Congress of the twenty-eighth of February, one thousand seven, hun-
certain persons
on pension list. dred and ninerv-three, intittuled 'An act to regulate the claims to invalid
1793, ch, 17. pensions," and who by leg al proofs, are by him found to come clearly
within the provisions of the said act, and are reported as having com-
plete evidence of their claims in the, repgrt of the said secretary upon

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cn. 58,59, 61. 1794. 393
that subject, made to Congress the twenty-fifth day of April, one thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-four; and all persons placed by virtue How paid.
of this act on the lisi of invalid pensioners, shall receive such sums as
the returns of the district judges have respectively specified, and be paid,
in the same manner as invalid pensioners are paid, who have been here-
tofore placed on the list: Provided, That every commissioned officer, Proviso, as to
who shall, by virtue of this act, be placed on the pension list, as entitled commissioned
to a sum less than a full pension, shall receive such pension, only upon officers.
compliance with the same rule respecting a return of the commutation
which he may have received, as is provided for in the case of Captain
David Cook, by an act of Congress passed December the sixteenth, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-one.
STATUTE I.
CHAP. LVIII.-Ssn Act supplementary to the act intituled "An act to promote the June 7, 1794.
progress (f Useful drts."
[Obsolete.]
Be it enactedby the Senate and House of Representativesof the United Suits, &t. hadi
States of America in Congress assembled, That all suits, actions, process under certain
sct, revived.
and proceedings, heretofore had in any district court of the United States, act r Feb.
under an act passed the tenth day of April, in the year one thousand 21,1793,ch. 11.
seven hundred and ninety, intituled "An act to promote the progress of Act of April 10,
useful arts," which may have been set aside, suspended or abated, by 1790, oh. 7.
reason of the repeal of the said act, may be restored, at the instance of
the plaintiff or defendant, within one year from and after the passing of
this act, in the said courts, to the same situation, in which they may
have been, when they were so set aside, suspended or abated; and that
the parties to the said suits, actions, process or proceedings, be, and are
hereby intitled to proceed in such cases, as if no such repeal of the act
aforesaid had taken place. Provided always, That before any order or In what man.
proceeding, other than that for continuing the same suits, after the rein- ner.
stating thereof, shall be entered or had, the defendant or plaintiff, as the
case may be, against whom the same may have been reinstated, shall be
'brought into court by summons, attachment or such other proceeding,
as is used in other cases, for compelling the appearance of a party.
APPROVED, June 7, 11'94.
STATTE I.
CnHAP. LI X.-.n Aet to continue in force for a limited time, the act supplement- June 7, 1794.
ary to the actfor the establishment and support if lighthouses, beacons, buoys,
and ptblic piers.
[Expired.]
Be it enactedby the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Lighthhuses,
States of America in.Congress assembled, That the act intituled "An &c. act for sup.
porting, con,
act supplementary to the act for the establishment and support of light- tinued. ,
houses, beacons, buoys, and public piers," be and the same is hereby 1793, ch. 27.
continued in force, until the first day of July one thousand seven hun-
dred and ninety-five, so far as the same provides for defraying the neces-
sary expense of supporting lighthouses, beacons, buoys and public piers,
and the stakeage of channels on the sea coast.
STATUTE i.
CHAP. LXI.-Sn Jct declaring the consent (f (Ongressto an act (f Ite state of June 9, 1794.
Maryland,passed the twen/y-eii /rth ,f DParutbr nt I/ ,uesand sevea hundredand
vinety-three, for the appointment if a fIcalih Ojlicer. rOhsnlete.1
SECTION 1. Be -it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- Consent of

Congress to cer-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the tainactMoflary.
consent of Congress be and is hereby granted and declared, to the land.
Vow, 1.-50

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH.62, 63. 1794.
operation of an act of the General Assembly of Maryland, passed the

twenty-eighth of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
three, intituled "An act to appoint a health officer, for the" port of Bal-
timore, in Baltimore county," so far as to enable the state aforesaid to
collect a duty of one cent. per ton, on all vessels coming into the district
of Baltimore, from a foreign voyage, for the purposes in the said act
intended.
Limitation of Sec. -2.And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue in
this act. force to the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
1796, ch. 23.
1765, ch. 37. APPROVED, June 9, 1794.
STATUTE 1.
June 9, 1794. CHAP. LXII.-n .Rct to amend the act intituled "9n act to enable lhe officers
and soldiers (f the Virginia line on Continental Establishment, to obtain titles to
eer.nin Lands lying northwest iff the river Ohio, between the Little Miami and
Siota.
1790, ch. 40.
Officers and Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
soldiers of Vir- United States of America in Congress assembled, That all and every
ginia line, how
to obtain certain officerand soldier of the Virginia line on continental establishment, his or
lands. their heirs or assigns, entitled to bounty lands on the northw'est side ofthe
river Ohio, between the Sciota and Little Miami rivers, by the laws of
the staie of Virginia, and included in the terms of cession of the said
state to the United States, shall, on producing the warrant, or a certified
copy thereof, and a certificate under the seal of the office where the said
warrants are legally kept, that the same or a part thereof remains unsa-
o,
1912 ch. 69. tisfied, and on producing the survey, agreeably to the laws of Virginia,
To produce for the tract or tracts to which he or they may be entitled, as aforesaid, to
s rvey to Secre- the Secretary of the department of War, such officer and soldier, his or
tary of War.
their heirs or assigns, shall be entitled to, and receive a patent for the
And receive same from the President of the United States, any thing in any .former
patent from Pre. law to the contrary notwithstanding. Provided,that no letters patent
s~lent of United
States. shall be issued for a greater quantity of land than shall appear to remain
due on such warrant, and that before the seal of the United States shall
To be endor. be affixed to such letters patent the Secretary of the department of War
si by Secretary shall have endorsed thereon that the grantee therein named or the per-
of War.
son under whom he claims was 'originally entitled to such bounty lands,
And counter. and every such letters patent shall be countersigned by the Secretary of
rianed by Sec- State and a minute of the date thereof, and the name of the grantee
retary of State,
&c. shall be entered of record in his office in a book to be specially provided
for that purpose.
STATUTE I.
Jise 9, 1794. ,CHAP. lXIII-n )'esed. for certain 'Purposestherein

3H/ makingf exappropriations
1
[Obsolete.] SeCTION 1. Be it enacted by the Snate and House of Rrpresentatives

Additional of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be
specific appro-
priations. appropriated for the several purposes herein after specified, the respec-
tive sums following, to wit: To defray the expenses which shall be
1794, ch. 12. incurred, pursuant to the act, intituled "An act to provide a naval arma-
ment," six hundred and eighty-eight thousand eight hundred and eighty-.
eight dollars, and eighty-two cents: In addition to the sum heretofore
granted for the erection of fortifications for the protection of ports and
harbors, thirty thousand dollars: For the payment of a sun granted to
lieutenant-colonel Touzard, iit lieu of his pension for life, three thousand
six hundred dollars: For the payment of the salary allowed to the officer
who shall be appointed to superintend the receiving, safe keeping and
distribution of the military stores of the United States, purs-ant to the

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Cu. 64. 1794.
act of the second of April last, eight hundred and seventy-five dollars:
for the salary of an additional clerk, and office rent, in the department
of state, four hundred and eighty-four dollars, and seventy-eight cents:
For the payment arid subsistence of Captain John Inglis of the North
Carolina line, one hundred and eight dollars , and ninety-one cents:
To defray the farther contingent' expenses of the House of Repre-
sentatives authorized during the present session, one thousand dol-
lars: For the service of the war department, in addition to the sums
heretofore appropriated,: the sums following, to wit: To defray the
expense of a corps of artillerists and engineers established during the
present session, sixty-six thousand four hundred and twenty-nine dollars
and eighty-seven cents: For the further protection and defence of the
southwestern frontier, two hundred thousand dollars: For the purposes
of the act directing a detachment from the militia of the United States,
two hundred thousand dollars: For the equipment of galleys or other
vessels pursuant to an act of the present session, eighty thousand dol- 1794, ch. 46.
lars: For the expense of additional clerk hire in the department of war,
seven hundred and fifty dollars: For defraying the contingent expenses of
government, to be applied, under the direction of the President of the
United States, according to the regulations and provisions provided in
respect of a sum of ten thousand dollars heretofore appropriated for the
like purpose,' twenty thousand dollars-amounting in the whole to one
million two hundred and ninety-two thousand one hundred and thirty-
seven dollars, and thirty-eight cents: which several sums shall be-paid
out of the proceeds of such revenues as shall have been provided during
the present session of Congress.
SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United Presidentofthe
States be empowered to borrow, on behalf of the United States, of the United States to
borrow a sum.
Bank of the United States (which is hereby authorized to lend the same),
or of any other body or bodies politic,'person or persons, any sum not Not exceeding
exceeding in the whole, one million of dollars, to be applied to the pur- 81,000,000.
poses aforesaid, and to be reimbursed, as well interest as principal, out
of the of the said revenues.
SEC.proceeds
3. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That there shall Certain sum. to
be reserved out of the proceeds of the said revenues, a sum sufficient to be reserved.
pay the interest of whatever monies may be borrowed pursuant to the act,
intituled "An act making further provisiof, for the expenses attending 1794, ch. 7.
the intercourse of the United States with foreign nations ; and further
to continue in force the act, intituled "An act providing the means of
intercourse between the United States and foreign nations;" and such
surn is hereby pledged and ap'propriated for that purpose, according to
the terrns of the contract or contracts which shall or may be made don-
cerning the said monies. And the faith of the United States is hereby
pledged to make such further provision therefor, as may be necessary.
APPROVED, June 9, 179-1.
STATUTF, 1,
CHAP. LXIV.- . Act making certainalleratnts in the act for rs/lblishin, the June 9, 1794.
JudicialCourts, and altering the time and place of holding, certain e rts.
[Obsolete.]
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Stnate and I-louse of Representatives District judge
of the United Stahs of Amrrica in Congress assembled, That the toappointcom-
district judges of the United States be authorized to appoint a commis- missioners.
sioner or commissioners, before whom appraiseis of ships or vessels, or Before xihorm
goods, wares and merchandise, seized for breaches of any law cf the appraisers of
United States, may be sworn or affirned : and that such qualifications meases swiond
made before such commissioner or commissioners, shall be, to all intents
and purposes, as effectual, as if the same were taken before the said
judges in open court.

Stated term of SEc. 2. And be it further enacted, That the stated terms of the dis-
certain district trict courts of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Georgia, be changed,
courts, chang- l~t
ed. and that, in future, the said courts in Massachusetts shall be held on the
1802, ch. 31. third Tuesday in March, the fourth Tuesday in June, the second Tues-
day in September, and the first Tuesday in December; in Pennsylvania,
on the third Mondays in February, May, August and November; and
in Georgia, at the times and places following; in the city ef Savannah,
on the second Tuesdays in February, May and August, and in Augusta,
on the second Tuesday in November; and that the circuit court of the
district of Delaware hereafter commence on the second Monday in
June, instead of the twenty-seventh day of April, any law to the contrary
notwithstanding.
N. Carolina SEC. 3. And be it Jurtherenacted, That the state of North Carolina
divided into shall be divided into three districts, in which the district court of the
three districts.,
1797, ch. 27, said state shall be held at such times and places, as are already ascer-
see. 2. tained by law, that is to say; the district of Wilmington to include all
the counties of the state districts of Morgan, Salisbury, Fayetteville and
Wilmington :-the district of Newbern to include al the counties of the
state districts of Hillsborough, Halifax and Newbern ;-and Edenton to
Process,
where &c. include all the counties of the district of Edenton; and that all process,
return-
able. pleas, actions, suits and other proceedings, originating in the districts,
respectively, shall be returnable to the sessi6n of said court to be held
at the place directed by law, within the same district, where the cause
commenced, and there to be kept with the record thereof, until the final
Duty mar- end and determination of the same. And to the end that suitors, wit-
shal of of North
Carolina herein nesses and all others concerned, may have notice of this alteration in
the said courts, the marshal of the said district of North Carolina is hereby
required to make the same known by proclamation, on or before the first
day of August next.
Effect of pro- SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That an] person living within
cess issuing ot either of the districts aforesaid, who hereafter shall be arrested, by virtue
of either of said
districts. of process issuing outQf the court of either of the said districts, other
than that in which he shall so reside, shall be discharged therefrom, on
his entering his appearance, and giving bail to the action, in the court
of the district in which he shall so reside, in like manner, and to the
1797, ch. 27, like effect, as if the said process had originally been issued out of the
sec. 2. court within the said last mentioned district.
Process. &c. SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That all process, actions, pleas,
commenced, suits and other proceedings, which have been commenced and returned
where tried.
to the separate several sessions of the district court, at such places
appointed by law for holding thereof, shall be tried at the place in each
1797, ch. 27. district, where the same were first made returnable.
Clerk of said
district Spe. 6. And be it further enacted, That the clerk of said district
his dutycourt,
hereo. court shall, at each of the places aforesaid, keep a distinct docket and
record of such business, returnable as aforesaid, or which may be re-
turned to the session to be held at the said places, respectively, at which
places of return, the said business shall be finally heard and determined
as aforesaid.
Part of certain Src. 7. And be it further enacted, That so much of the act to estab-
act requiring at- lish the judicial courts of the United States, as is, or may be construed
tendance of
more than one to require the attendance of the marshals of all the districts, at the
marshal at su. supreme court, shall be, and the same is her.eby repealed; and that the
premecourt, re said court shall be attended, during its session, by the marshal of the
district only, in which the court shall sit, unless the attendance of the
Exception. marshals of other districts shall be required by special order of the said
court.
District court SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day
of Kentucky af-
ter 30th Sell- of September next the district court for the state of Kentucky, shall be

THIRD CONGRESS. "SESs. . CH. 65. "1794. 397
held in the town of Frankfort, any thing in any former act to the con- tember, to be
t-ary notWithstanding. held at Frank-
1794.
APPROVED June 9,
STATUTE I.
CHAP. LXV.-Yn Set laying duties onproperty sold at .Auction. June 9, 1794.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Huse of Representatives Repealed by
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and Act of April 6.
after the thirtieth day of September next, there shall be levied, collected 1S02, ch. 19.
Duties on cer-
and.paid, for the use of the United States, upon all sales by way of tain sales at
auction, as herein after described, which shall be made within the United auction after
States, the respective rates and duties following,
• to wit: The sum of one 30th September
next.
fourth part of a dollar for every, hundred dollars of the purchase money
arising by sale at auction, of any interest, right or estate in any lands,
tenements or hereditaments, and of any utensils in husbandry, and farm-
ing stock, ships and vessels, and the sum of one half of a dollar, for every
hundred dollars of the purchase money, arising by sale at auction, of all
other goods, chattels, rights. and credits whatsoever, and at the same
rate for any greater or-lesser sum, except as herein after excepted: The
said respective rates and duties to be paid by the auctioneer or person
making such sales at auction, out of the monies arising from each and.
every such sale. Providedalways, That nothing in this act contained Exceptions.
shall extend to any sale or sales by auction, of estates, goods or effects,
made pursuant to, or in execution of any rule, order, decree, sentence or
judgment. of any court of the United States or of either of them; or
made in virtue, or by force of any distress for rent, or other cause, for
which a distress is allowed-by law; or made in consequence of any IS00, ch. 19.
bankruptcy or insolvency, pursuant to any law c6ncerning .bankruptcies
or insolvencies; or made in consequence of any general assignment of
property and effects, for the benefit of creditors; or made by qr on
behalf of executors or administrators; or made of the produce of the land,
upon the land where such produce was raised; or made of any farming
utensils, stock or household furniture, by persons removing from the
place of their former residence, where the amount of each sale of such
farming utensils, stock or household furniture shall not exceed two hun-
dred dollars; or made pursuant to the directions of any law of the United
States, or of either of them, touching the collection of any tax or duty;
or disposal by auction of public property of the United States or of any
state; nor to any such sale or sales by auction, of ships, their tackle,
apparel and furniture, or the cargoes thereof, which shall be wrecked or
stranded within the United States, and sold for the benefit of the insurers
or proprietors thereof.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That no person, after the said A-,ctioneers
thirtieth day of September next, shall exercise the trade or business of- prohibited with-
an auctioneer, by the selling of any dstates, goods or effects whatsoever out license.
by auction, or any other mode of sale, whereby the best or highest
bidd~r is deemed to be the purchaser, unless such person shall have a
license or other special authority, continuing in force pursuant to some
law of a state, or issued pursuant to the directions of this act, on- pain
of forfeiting, for every such sale at auction, the sum of four htndred
dollars together with the sums or duties payable by this act upon the
estates, goods or effects so sold: Provided however, That nothing here: Exception.
in contained, shall be construed to require a license for the sale at auc-
tion of any estate, goods, chattels, or other thing, which by this act are
exempted from duty.
SeC. 3. And be it further enacted, That every person, wh6 before the Duty ho'ding
tioneers of auc.
said' thirtieth day of September next, shall have a license or special au- license under
thority, pursuant to any law of anystate, for exercising the said trade any state.
2L

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. CH. 65., 1794.
or business of an auctioneer, shall, betore or upon the said day, and

every person who, after the said day, shall have such special license or
authority, shall within thirty days after the obtaining or receiving of the
same, give notice thereof in writing, under his hand, to the office of in-
spection nearest to the place where- he shall carry on or intend to carry
Auctioneers, on the said trade or business of an auctioneer, specifying in such notice,
the date or commencement of such license, or other special authority,
the term for which the same was granted or given, by whom, and by
what law of a state, the same was granted or given; and shall also give
to give bond. bond to the United Statesi in a sum of one thousand five hundred dol-
lars, to be taken by the officer, at whose office the notice aforesaid shall
be given, with condition that he will, on the first day of January, April,
July and October in each year, while he shall continue to exercise the
said trade or business, render to the person or persons, who, on behalf
of the United States, shall be authorized to receive the same, a true and
particular account in writing,-of the monies or sums, for which any
estates, goods or effects have been sold, at every sale at auction by him
made, and of the several articles, lots and parcels, which shall have been
sold, the price of each article, lot or parcel in every such sale, by whom
bought, that is to say; first from the date of such bond, until such of the
aforesaid days, as shall accrue next thereafter, and thenceforth from the
day, to which an account shall have been last rendered, until such of
the said days as shall next thereafter ensue, and so on in succession, from
one of the said days to another, so long as he shall continue to exer-
cise his said trade or business, and also shall pay all such sums of money
as shall be due to the United States, upon the said sales, according to
the true intent and meaning of this act, which sums he is hereby au-
thorized and directed to retain, out of the produce of each sale made
as aforesaid. And a like notice and bond shall be given in like man-
ner, as often as any such license, or special authorities shall have expired
Penalty on ne- and been renewed. And if any person shall, after the said thirtieth day
glecting to give of September next, by virtue or colour of any such license, or special
bond. authority, as aforesaid, make any sale or sales at auction, without hav-
ing given bond, as aforesaid, within the time for that purpose prescribed,
or without renewing such bond upon the expiration and renewal of-any
such license, or special authority, he shall forfeit and pay, for every such
sale by him made, the sum of four hundred dollars, together with the
sums or duties payable by this act, upon the estates, goods or effects
so sold.
Supervisors to SEc. 4. And be it further enacted, That the several supervisors of
grant licenses, the revenue may, within their respective districts, and upori request of
any person or persons desirous thereof, shall grant licenses, without fee
or reward, for a term not exceeding one year, at one time, to exercise
the trade or business of an auctioneer; and such licenses, upon like
Exceptions. request, may and shall, from time to time renew: _Provided, That no
such license shall be granted or renewed, until the person or persons
requesting the same, shall have become bound to the United State,
with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the supervisor, of whom
such license shall be requested, in the sum of one thousand five hun-
dred dollars, with like condition as is herein before prescribed for per-
sons having licenses by virtue of some law of a state: And provided
further, That no such license shall be granted to carry on the said
trade or business, in any city, town or county of any state, in respect to
which, provision hath been made by any law of such state, for the
allowing and regulating of the said trade and business therein.
Persons hay. Szc. 5. And he it further tnacted, That every person who shall have a
ing licenses, license from a supervisor of the revenue, continuing in force, shall and
may retain, in order to the payment of the duties hereby imposed, all
such sum and sums of money, as shall be due and payable upon any

THIRD CONGRESS. SEss. I. Ci, 65. 1794. 99
estates, goods or effects by him sold at auction, as aforesaid, according

to the true intent and meaning of this act.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the accounts to be rendered Accounts and
duties to whom
and the duties to be, from time to time, paid as aforesaid, by any auc- rendered and
tioneer, shall be rendered and paid to the inspector of the revenue within paid.
whose survey such auctioneer shall exercise his said trade or business,
or to his deputy duly appointed under his hand and seal, and such auc-
tioneer shall make oath or affirmation, according to the best of his
knowledge and belief, to the truth of every account, which he shall ren-
der before the officer orperson, to whom such account shall be rendered,
and who is hereby authorized to administer the said oath or affirmation,
in default of which, such account shall not be deemed to be duly ren-
dered, according to the condition of the bond of such auctioneer. And
to the end that such accounts may be accurately kept and rendered, it Duty ofauc-
tioneers as to
is hereby made the duty of every auctioneer to enter, from day to day, keeping a-
as often as any sale shall be made, in a book, or on a paper to be kept counts, &c.
by him for that purpose, the amount and particulars of the respective
sales by him made ; which book or paper shall, at all reasonable times,
upon request made, be submitted for examination to the officer of in-
spection, within whose survey or division such auctioneer shall be, on
pain of forfeiting, for every refusal to comply with such request, the sum
of five hundred dollars.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That if it shall appear to the sat- When super.
visor shall de-
isfaction of the supervisor, within whose district he shall be, that an liver up bonds,
auctioneer hath acted agreeably to the condition of the bond which he or prosecute the
shall have given, and to the directions of this act, during the time, to same.
which his said bond shall relate, the same having expired; then, and in
every such case, the said supervisor shall cause such bond to be deliver-
ed up; but in case no such account shall be delivered, as herein before
mentioned, or if it shill appear, that any-such account was not truly
made, or that the party hath acted in any other respect, contrary to the
true intent and meaning of his bond and of this act, it shall be the duty
of such supervisor of the revenue, to cause such bond to be prosecuted
according to law, and in case of a verdict or judgment against the de-
fendant, he shall afterwards, upon every sale by him of any estates, goods
or effects at auction, be liable to all the penalties, which may be incurred
by this act, for acting as an auctioneer without license.
SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That if any sale at auction of any Salesoflands,
lands, tenements orthehereditaments, shall be, or become void, by reason &cdbecoming
voi
of defect of title, supervisor of the revenue, within wlhose district
such sale shall be, is hereby authorized and required, upon due and
sufficient proof of such sale being or becoming void, for the reason duties thereon
aforesaid, to cause to be remitted the duty or duties thereupon pther- to be remitted.
wise payable according to this act.
SEc. 9. And be it further enacted, That every auctioneer, out of the Allowance to
proceeds of the duties, which he shall retain and pay, as aforesaid, shall auctioneers.
be allowed a commission of one per centum, upon the amount thereof,
for his trouble in and about the same.
SEC. 10. And be it .further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the President of
President of the United States, and lie is hereby empowered to make United States to
make allowance
such allowances for compensations to the officers of inspection employed to officers of in-
in the collection of the duties aforesaid, and for incidental expenses, as spection under
he shall judge reasonable, not exceeding in the whole, two and an half this act.
per centum of the total amount of the said duties collected.
Sne. 11. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall wilfully Penalty of
swear or affirm falsely, touching any matter herein before required to swearing false.
be verified by oath or affirmation, he shall suffer the pains and penalties,
which by law are prescribed for wilful and corrupt perjury; and, if an

THIRD CONGRESS.. Sass. I. Ras-- 1, 2, 3. 1794.
officer, shall forfeit his office, and be incapable of afterwards holding
any office under the United States.
Fines and pen. SEc. 12. And be it further enacted, That all fines, penalties and for-
alties how sued
for and recover-
feitures, which shall be incurred by force of this act, shall and may be
ed; sued for and recovered, in the name of the United States, or of the su-
pervisor of the revenue, within whose district any such fine, penalty or
forfeiture shall have been incurred, by bill, plaint, or information; one
and disposed of. moiety thereof to the use of the United States, and the other moiety
thereof to the use of the person, who, if an officer of inspection, shall
first discover, if other than an officer of inspection, shall first inform of
the cause, matter, or thing, whereby any such fine, penalty or forfeiture
shall have been incurred. And where the cause of action or complaint
shall arise or accrue more than fifty miles distant from the nearest place
by law established for the holding of a district court, within the district
in which the same shall arise or accrue, such suit and recovery may be
had, before any court of the state holden within the said district, having
jurisdiction in like cases.
Limitation of Sac. 13. And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and
this act. be in force, for the term of two years, and from thence to the end of
Continued, the next session of Congress, and no longer.
1795, ch. 45, § 20.
1801, ch. 11. APPROVED, June 9, 1794.
March 20, 1794. RESOLUTIONS.

[Obsolete.] I. RESOLVED by the Senate and House ofRepresentatives of the United
President of States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of the
United States to United States be authorized to employ, as dispatch boats, such of the
employ Reve-
nue Cutters as revenue cutters of the United States, as the public exigencies may
dispatch boats. require.
March 26, 1794.
[Obsolete.] II. R.SOLVED b.s the Senate and House of Representatives of the
An embargo United States of America in Congress assembled, That an embargo be
laid on all ships laid on all ships and vessels in the ports of the United States, whether
and vessels for
thirty days. already cleared out, or not, bound to any foreign port or place, for the
term of thirty days; and that no clearances be furnished, during that time,
to any ship or vessel bound to such foreign port or place, except ships or
vessels, under the immediate directions of the President of the United
States: And that the President of the United States be authorized to give
such instructions to the revenue officers of the United States, as shall
appear best adapted for carrying the said resolution into full effect.
April 2. 1794.
[Obsolete.] III. RESOLVED In, the &Snateand t1-ouse of Representatives of the

Vessels sailing Unittd States of America in Congress assembled, That during the contin-
daring em-
the give
bsrgo to uanceof the present embargo, no registered vessel, having on board goods,
bond to reland wares or merchandise, shall be allowed to depart from one port of the
their cargoes in United States to any other port within the same, unless the master, owner,
the U. States. consignee or factor shall first give bond with one or more sureties, to the
collector of the dittrict from which she is about to depart, in a sum of
double the value of the vessel and cargo, that the said goods, wares or
merchandise shall be relanded in some port of the United States: which
bond, and also a certificate from the collector of the district, where the
same may be relanded, shall by the collectors, respectively, be transmitted
to the Secretary of the Treasury. That the several collectors be pro-
Foreign arrnd hibited from granting a clearance to any foreign ship or Vessel, in any
vessels not sub. case whatever, during the continuance of the present embargo; and all

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Citation: 1 Stat. 201 1789-1799

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said proprietor, a like oath or affirmation shall be made by such

of, to be computed at the highest price of such spirits iff-the market;

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may take such minutes, memorandums, or transcripts thereof, as they

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$20,000 ap. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

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so to be included, shall form a part of the district not exceeding ten

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CHAP. XXVII.-n .ctfor granting lands to the Inhabitantsand settlers at Vin.

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And a major-general so appointed may choose his aid-de-camp, and a

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SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That no ship or vessel of twenty ownersoffish.

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state ofNew York, and from Springfield, by Northampton, Brattleborough, Establishment

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.Term of en- cers,

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compensations, as are described in the before-mentioned act, entituled

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SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Houie of Representativesof Limitations of

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