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eXtreme® 10G

10 Gigabit Ethernet and what it means for your enterprise


Leviton Manufacturing Background
– Founded in 1906 in Brooklyn, NY,
celebrating 100 years of success!
– Isadore Leviton (pictured) was a partner
with Thomas Edison.
– Leviton’s first product was gas mantle tips
for gas lamps when the city of New York
installed gas lamps.
– Industrial, commercial, OEM and
residential markets
– The average American home contains
more than 100 Leviton devices
– In a major American city lit up at night,
about 90% of the lights you see are
connected to some kind of Leviton device
– Over 3.2 million products produced per
day

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The Leviton Family of Products
Electrical Business

Voice & Data Division

American Insulated Wire


Integrated Networks
& Controls
Division

Lighting Management
Systems Division

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Voice & Data


Connectivity Solutions for the Commercial and Residential Premise
Copper, Fiber, Wireless, Data Center, FTTx and Power solutions


Friendly and knowledgeable staff that provides you exceptional service from the Factory to the field.


Proud to continue our manufacturing heritage in a state of the art facility in Bothell, WA and Chicago, IL.

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Introductions
 Leviton Specification Engineering
 Brian Ensign, RCDD/NTS/OSP, CSI

 Mfg. Rep. Firm: Triumph Marketing


 Mike Lester
 Dan McDonald
 Danielle Talieri

 Leviton 10G Product Support Team


 Ross Goldman (VP and GM)
 Sarah Moline (Marketing)
 Keith Kosanovich (Product Manager)
 Scott Robinson (Director, Copper Programs)
 Jeff Seefreid (Manager, Electrical Engineering)

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10 Gigabit in the enterprise
 Why Ethernet?

 Where is it going?

 Current/future applications.

 Key IEEE and TIA standards, addendums and supplemental bulletins for 10 Gigabit
Ethernet.

 Key physical layer interfaces and media

 Fiber in the backbone cabling

 Copper cabling in the horizontal space

 Alien Crosstalk

 Installation recommendations

 Leviton Technology for high performance cabling systems

 Summary

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Why Ethernet?

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Why Ethernet?

Source: Intel 2004


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Why Ethernet? Continued…

Adapter Shipment and Forecast


200,000

175,000 Ethernet FDDI

Token-Ring ATM
150,000 Fibre Channel

125,000

100,000
(000)

75,000

50,000

25,000

0
01
94

97

02

07
95
96

99
00

03
04

05
06
98

Source: Gartner, IDC

20
19

20
19

19

20
19

20
20
20
19

20
20
19

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Why Ethernet? Continued…

Ethernet is pervasive through most Enterprises and fully


scalable and easy to implement.

iSCSI/iSER NAS

Ethernet

LAN – MAN – WAN


Fibre Channel SAN

Ethernet
Ethernet

Fibre Channel Source: Hausauer, B. 2005


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Where is Ethernet going?

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Where is Ethernet going?

Preliminary Worldwide Ethernet Switching Vendor Revenue Estimates for 2004


(Millions of Dollars)

Company 2004 2004 Market 2003 2003 Market Growth (%)


Revenue Share (%) Revenue Share (%)

Cisco 9,084 75.7 6,869 71.2 32.2


Nortel 463 3.9 404 4.2 14.3
Hewlett- 432 3.6 310 3.2 39.4
Packard
3Com 393 3.3 402 4.2 -2.3
Foundry 312 2.6 303 3.1 2.8
Others 1,320 11 1,357 14 2.7
Total 12,004 100.0 9,645 100.0 24.5

Source: Gartner Dataquest (February 2005)

Layer 3 port shipments increased 42 percent, while vendor revenue totaled $8.3 billion in 2004, a
32 percent increase from 2003. Layer 2 vendor revenue reached $3.7 billion in 2004, an increase of
10 percent compared to 2003.

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Where is Ethernet going? Continued..

Increased purchases of Layer 3 switches shows


commitment by users to use Internet Protocol (IP).
An IP Network can scale to any size depending on
configuration.
Voice Over IP can be added to the Network.
Video Over IP can be added to the Network.
Security Over IP can be added to the Network.
Building Automation Over IP can be added to the
Network. (i.e. Lighting, HVAC, etc.)
xOIP is the new future

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Where is Ethernet going? Continued…

Top Supercomputing clusters by Interconnect Family


Interconnect Family Count Share % Rmax Sum (GF) Rpeak Sum (GF) Processor Sum

Myrinet 87 17.40 % 369286 560601 100546

Quadrics 14 2.80 % 131249 173218 39108

Gigabit Ethernet 256 51.20 % 795582 1511012 249726


Infiniband 36 7.20 % 221074 316047 53068

Crossbar 12 2.40 % 114397 149382 16674

Mixed 5 1.00 % 71924 91853 15396

NUMAlink 9 1.80 % 55509 61028 9728

SP Switch 42 8.40 % 281098 406406 66036

Proprietary 26 5.20 % 629527 806058 291296

Fireplane 1 0.20 % 2054 3053 672

Cray Interconnect 9 1.80 % 109965 133803 28988

RapidArray 3 0.60 % 8388 10374 2357

Totals 500 100% 2790054.02 4222834.82 873595

Source: Top500.org, 2005


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Current and future applications
requiring 10 Gigabit Ethernet?

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Current and future applications requiring 10Gig.

• High-performance computing (HPC) clusters

• Consolidated LAN and iSCSI traffic

• Database links to backup storage and NAS

• Scaled-up, consolidated servers

• Real-time video streaming on Web servers

• Workgroups involved in data-intensive, collaborative activities


such as digital imaging and editing, simulation and modeling, and
CAD/CAM

•Patient Archiving and Communications System - PACS

•Face to face video call centers


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Key IEEE and TIA Standards for 10
Gigabit Ethernet

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IEEE
IEEE – International Electrical and Electronic Engineers

 A consortium of active networking products manufacturers.


– Intel, Cisco, Foundry, others…

 Standards cover networking protocols and methods.

 Does not govern structured cabling requirements, but influences TIA standards to
ensure network performance.

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Key IEEE Standards and media for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
 IEEE Ethernet protocol standard 802.3 for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications

 IEEE standard 802.3ae for 10 Gigabit Ethernet over Optical Fiber (single-mode and multi-
mode).

 IEEE standard 802.3aq for 10 Gigabit Ethernet over installed multimode Optical Fiber up to
220 meters.

 IEEE standard 802.3ak for 10 Gigabit Ethernet over CX4 copper (short haul up to 15 meters
using 8 pair twin-axial Infiniband cabling).

 New IEEE standard 802.3an (10GBase-T) for 10 Gigabit Ethernet using Twisted Pair cabling
for 100 meters (328’).

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TIA
TIA – Telecommunications Industry Association

 A consortium of structured cabling manufacturers and


designers.
– Leviton, Systimax, Ortronics, others…

 Standards create terms such as CAT3/5/5e/6 and are


limited to the physical structured cabling plant design and
implementation.

 Standards are intended to provide future capacity for IEEE


to follow up and use.

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Key TIA Standard, Addendums and Supplemental
Bulletins for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

• ANSI/TIA/EIA 588B.1 Commercial building cabling standard.

•ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B.2 Addendum 1 – Category 6 cabling.

• ANSI/TIA/EIA Telecommunications Supplemental Bulletin


(TSB) – 155 for 10 Gigabit Ethernet over existing Category 6
cabling. Under development and expect ratification end 2006
or early 2007.

•ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B.2 Addendum 10 – Augmented Category 6


to support 10 Gigabit Ethernet over a 100 meter Channel.
Under development and expect ratification in 2007.

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How It All Ties Together?

International body
governing all things ISO IEC
electrical (Europe
and Asia).

TIA IEEE
These bodies
govern
telecommunications
in the NA market.

SC/Physical
Layer Electronics

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Key physical layer interfaces (PHY)
for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

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Key physical layer interfaces (PHY) and media

 10GBASE-SR (”short range”) — designed to support


short distances over deployed multi-mode fiber cabling, it
has a range of between 26m - 550m depending on the
bandwidth of the glass cores. Uses spectral wavelength
at 850nm and typically VCSELs.

 10GBASE-CX4 — Copper interface using “InfiniBand”


CX4 cables 8 pair twinaxial for short-reach (15m)
applications). This is currently the lowest-cost per port
interface at the expense of transmission range using
copper.

 10GBASE-LX4 — uses wavelength division multiplexing


to support ranges of between 240 m and 300 m over
deployed multi-mode cabling. Also supports 10 km over
single-mode fiber . Uses wavelength of 1310 nm.

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Key physical layer interfaces (PHY) – cont…

 10GBASE-LR (”long range”) — this standard supports distances of


up to 10 km over single-mode fiber (using 1310 nm).

 10GBASE-ER (”extended range”) — this standard supports


distances up to 40 km over single-mode fiber (using 1550 nm).
Recently several manufacturers have introduced 80-km-range ER
pluggable interfaces.

 10GBASE-LRM [1] — this standard will support distances up to 220


m 10 Gbit/s on FDDI-grade multi-mode cable. Various combinations
of offset and center launch cables on both ends of the link. Very
complex.

 10GBASE-SW , 10GBASE-LW and 10GBASE-EW — These varieties


use the WAN PHY, designed to interoperate with OC-192 / STM-64
SDH/SONET equipment using a light-weight SDH/SONET frame.
They correspond at the physical layer to 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-
LR and 10GBASE-ER respectively, and hence use the same types of
fiber and support the same distances. (There is no WAN PHY
standard corresponding to 10GBASE-LX4.)

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Key physical layer interfaces (PHY) – cont…

 10GBASE-T (up to 100 meters) – LAN interconnect for


up to 100 m of balanced twisted-pair structured
cabling systems.

Defined and ratified by IEEE in June 2006. This IEEE


ratified standard under 802.3an is being addressed by TIA
on how Category 6 cabling can support the technology.

– TIA TSB-155
– ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B.2 Addendum 10

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Key physical layer interface – cont…
Physical layer signaling chart
10GBase-T will use 64b/65b encoding and PAM16 modulation

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Fiber in the Backbone

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Fiber backbone in the Network
 Construction documents and cabling standards now commonly reference
these standards and call out LO50 fiber.

10Gb Fibre Channel 10 Gb Ethernet OC 192/OC 768


ANSI T11.2 IEEE 802.3ae OIF VSR-4/5
850nm serial, parallel CWDM 850nm serial 850nm serial, parallel/paralle

TIA 568B.3-1
ISO 11801 2nd Edition
CABLING 850nm Laser Optimized
Fiber OM3 50micron
STANDAR
D

FIBER
IEC 60793-2-10 ed2 TIA 492AAAC
SPECS

TEST IEC 60793-1-49 TIA/EIA 445/220


MEASUREMEN
T
INTERNATIONA US
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L
Fiber in the backbone – cont…
Supportable Distances (meters)
Ethernet Bandwidth Signal Laser Optimized 50 Microns 62,5 Microns Single-mode
(bps) Source 50 Microns typical typical 8,3 – 10
2000/500 500/500 200/500 Microns
MHz/km MHz/km MHz/km

10BASE-FL 10 M 850 nm 1250 1250 2000 Not


LED supported

100BASE-SX 10/100 M 850 nm 300 300 300 Not


LED supported

100BASE-FL 100 M 1300 nm 2000 2000 2000 Not


LED supported

1000BASE-SX 1G 850 nm 900 – 1000 550 275 Not


VCSEL supported

1000BASE-LX 1G 1310 nm 600 550 550 5000


FP or
VCSEL

10GBASE-SR 10 G 850 nm 300 82 33 Not


VCSEL supported

10GBASE-LR 10 G 1310 nm Not Not Not 10000


DFB supported supported supported

10GBASE-LX4 10 G Four 300 300 300 10000


(4 x 2.5 G) 1310 nm
DFBs

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Fiber in the backbone – cont…
10G Fiber Challenges
 DMD – Differential Mode Delay
– Multimode fibers transport several modes
– Modes arrive at detector at different intervals
– DMD is time difference between the first and last pulse

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Fiber in the backbone – continued...

 High DMD limits 10G transmission under practicable distances


– Conventional MM fibers only support 10Gb from 25 to 82 m
– Some 50 micron fiber can go up to 220 m using the LRM PHY but
cost is very expensive and very time consuming

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Fiber in the backbone – cont…

Spectral pulse of 10 Gigabit within fiber’s core.

Conventional Multimode Multimode Laser Optimized


Fiber Fiber

Fiber
Core

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TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General Requirements

CENTRALIZED OPTICAL FIBER CABLING

 Distribution distances
– The horizontal length shall be less
than or equal to 90 m (295 ft).
– shall meet the same requirements
of recognized horizontal optical
fiber cable per clause 4 of
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3.
295 ft – Splice or interconnect
CC methodology

Max length
Pull-through 295 ft (90m)

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TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General Requirements

Centralized Fiber Optic Cabling

 Use splice or interconnect


methods that can keep loss
at under calculated budget. 90 M
X
(A)

Cable Run Max length

Horizontal A 295 ft (90m) 210 M


Intrabuilding B 689 ft (210m)
backbone (B)

CC

2.6 dB or less for 10 Gigabit


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CENTRALIZED OPTICAL FIBER CABLING
 Shall
– Limited to 300 m (984 ft) consisting of the combined length of the horizontal, intra-building
backbone, and patch cords.
– located within the same building as the work areas served.
– moves and changes are performed at the centralized cross-connect.
– Sufficient space in telecommunications room for addition of patch panels needed for the
migration of the pull-through, interconnect, or splice to a cross-connection.
– Slack storage shall provide bend radius control so that cable and fiber bend radius limitations
are not violated.
– Cable slack may be stored within enclosures or on the walls of the telecommunications
room.
– allow for the addition and removal of horizontal and intra-building backbone fibers.
– A minimum of two fibers are required for each application delivered to a work area.
– ensure the correct fiber polarity
 Should
– The addition and removal of horizontal links should be performed at the telecommunications
room.
– Slack may be stored as cable or unjacketed fiber (buffered or coated).
– Cable slack may be stored within enclosures or on the walls of the telecommunications
room.
– Accommodate modular growth in an orderly manner.
– The intra-building backbone subsystem should be designed with sufficient spare capacity to
service additional outlet/connectors from the centralized cross-connect without the need to
pull additional intra-building backbone cables.
– The intra-building backbone fiber count should be sized to deliver present and future
applications to the maximum work area density within the area served by the
telecommunications room.

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Copper cabling in the horizontal space

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Why 10G over Copper?

 Economics
– Cost per Port - Copper Switches & Network Interface Cards (NICs) are typically
less expensive when compared to fiber
– Lower installation costs
– Ethernet copper scalability (10/100/1G/10G) – 3/10 rule
– Ethernet copper backwards compatibility (10/100/1G/10G)

 Copper Benefits:

– Familiarity
• 8P8C (RJ45) is universally accepted as data connector
– Ease of Use
• Copper installations more common than optical fiber
• Fiber terminations require extra training / experience / equipment
• Fiber-to-the-desk has not gained widespread enterprise deployment due to
high TCO
– 22AWG provides higher current carrying capacity for 802.3af and 802.3at
applications

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Network Interface Card projection for 10 Gig.

NIC Trends by Performance


Historical Shipments Projected Shipments
100Mb/s 1 Gb/s

10Mb/s

10Gb/s

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Shipments Source: 100 Mbps LAN Adapters: A Market Analysis; APR&C, 2004
Projected shipments based on industry trends, technology introduction and market support.
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Category ratings and frequency range

Performance Evolution of “Category Rated” Cabling and Components


Category MHz Mb/s Cable Type Date of
Introduction
Cat 3 16 MHz 10 Mb/s UTP 1993
Cat 4 20 MHz 16 Mb/s UTP 1994
Cat 5 100 MHz 100 Mb/s UTP 1995
Cat 5e 100 MHz 1000 Mb/s UTP 2000
Cat 6 250 MHz 1000 Mb/s UTP 2002
Cat 6a 500 MHz 10,000 Mb/s UTP, ScTP 2006
Cat 7 ? ?????????? SSTP ????

Category 1, 2, 4 and 5 cables are not recognized as part


of the current Standard.
Category 7 has not been developed however, industry
will lean towards non-proprietary plug+jack interface
for a standard.
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10 Gig. Channel link

•The Channel link values have been defined in Draft 5.0 of Addendum 10
•Manufacturers can not determine quality of install based on Channel test
results

(CP) Consolidation Point

Begin Work area


Channel Outlet

Patch Panel End


Channel

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10 Gig. Permanent Link
•Most accurate way to test installed system for performance
•No consensus from committee members on testing parameter values
•Leviton is prepared to field inspect all 10 Gig. jobs until values are finalized

Work Area Outlet

Field Horizontal Telecommunications


Tester Cable Closet

Begin
Perm Patch
Link Panel
Field
Tester
Consolidation
Point
End
Perm
Testing Length
Link
295 ft (90m)
Maximum
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10 Gig. horizontal cabling – cont…
The TIA TR42 / 42.7 Engineering Committees
– Developing structured cabling standards for
10GBASE-T
– 2 major components to committee focus

• TSB-155 – currently Draft 5.0


– Characterizes performance testing of installed base of Cat-6
to support 10GBASE-T
– Suggest practices for installation changes if testing is not in
compliance
– 10G expected to work on channels of 37 meters and up to 55
meters depending on alien crosstalk environment
– Lengths over 55 meters will more than likely
require mitigation

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TSB-155 Mitigation techniques

 Reduce patch panel port density by eliminating every other port

 Replace the work area, patch, and/or equipment cords with category
6A cords.

 Reconfigure the cross-connect as an interconnect.

 Replace the consolidation point connector with a category 6A


consolidation point connector.

 Replace the work area outlet connector with a category 6A work


area outlet connector.

 Replace the interconnect with a category 6A interconnect.

 Un-bundle all equipment cords and horizontal cabling in the closet

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10 Gig. horizontal cabling – cont…

• 568B.2 Addendum 10 – currently Draft 5.0


– Specifies “ Transmission Performance Specifications
for 4-pair 100 Ohm Augmented Category 6 cabling”
– Defines Cabling Components
– Defines Transmission requirements
» Insertion Loss (IL), NEXT, PSNEXT,
ELFEXT(ACRF), FEXT, PSACRF, Return Loss
(RL), Propagation Delay/Delay Skew, Balance
(TCL), DC Resistance and ANEXT/PSANEXT
– Cabling measurement requirements
– Field and Laboratory testing for ANEXT/AFEXT
» Field testing currently not practical for Alien
crosstalk

Does not cover installation techniques/practices or construction


“Means and Methods” for an installed Augmented Category 6
compliant cabling system to support 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
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Alien Crosstalk

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Alien Crosstalk
Wassabi?
Wassabi?

Not this kind!

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Crosstalk Review (NEXT, FEXT, etc…)

 In the past, crosstalk was concentrated within single


cable jacket.
 IEEE and TIA worked together to solve this problem.
– Solved with cable/jack design and electronics.
– Electronics can equalize signal.

 This is PSNEXT…

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Alien Crosstalk (AXT)

 The Challenges: Alien Crosstalk (AXT)


– Need to account for crosstalk from cable to cable.
– No possible way to equalize 7 signals.
 The higher frequencies and HIGH power required for 10G
have introduced a new problem.
 Each component design alone must solve this, no electronic
solution.
– AXT can occur in the cable, connector, patch panel and
patch cord.
– Component ratings will be critical!!!

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What about Screened Twisted Pair

ScTP

 Great for eliminating Alien Crosstalk.


 High memory retention of cable from reel.
 Bend radius must be 8 times cables O.D.
– Major problem with today’s cable pathways
 All sides of building must be bonded to Main
grounding busbar.
 Very few installers properly trained on installing
shielded systems.

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Installation recommendations – Cat.6/6A

 Cable must be conditioned above 32 degrees F for 48 hours prior to


installation.
 Do not use excessive force when pulling cable. The maximum pull-
force guideline for a 4-pair horizontal UTP should not exceed 110N
(25lbf). Meeting this guideline avoids stretching conductors during
installation and the associated transmission degradation.
 The minimum bend radius should not exceed 4 times the cable
outside diameter (O.D.) The O.D. of Cat 6A 100 ohm, balanced UTP
cable is .32 in. (4 x .32 = 1.28 in. bend radius).
 Do not stretch, stress, tightly coil, bend or crimp the workstation
cables when placing into backboxes or furniture raceway.
 In MC, IC or HC, use appropriate horizontal cable management for
patch cords on front of patch panels. Also, use appropriate cable
management bar(s) for support of terminated horizontal cable.
 Do not use cable ties due to the potential for over cinching of cable
bundles which can alter the cable geometry and degrade the system
cabling performance.

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Installation recommendations – cont…
 Use hook and loop fasteners for bundling of horizontal cables.
 Ensure that cables are not bundled for at least 20 feet in cross connect and
placed gently in cable trays or cable runways in a loose or non-combed way.
 Store cable slack in an extended loop configuration to alleviate cable stress.
Cable slack in bundled loops or traditional ‘service loops’ to provide additional
cable length in closets have been shown to degrade cabling performance and
are not recommended
 Do not allow telecommunication cables to run parallel with Limited Class 1
circuits, unless they are separated by a minimum of 2 inches. 12” or greater
for higher powered circuits.
 Testing of copper conductors for length, delay skew, wire map, Insertion
Loss, Return Loss, NEXT, PS-NEXT, ELFEXT (ACRF),
PS-ELFEXT, ACR, PS-ACR at all frequencies up to 500 MHz for category 6A
cables.
 Extreme care must be taken to not nick any of the copper conductors when
removing jacket. Use rip cord to remove jacket.
 Maintain twists as close as possible to the point of termination.
 Utilize Pair Separation Towers on connector to separate pairs and untwisting
of copper pairs should not exceed ¼ ”

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Installation recommendations – cont…
 For Cat 6A connectors, the Cone of Silence ™ (COS) shall be
installed to mitigate Alien Crosstalk to insignificant levels.
 Manage the cable bundles in a symmetrical orientation. For
example, in a 48-port patch panel, distribute 24 cables to the vertical
cable management on the left side of the rack and 24 cables to the
vertical cable management on the right side of the rack.
 Provide a 5 foot extended service loop at the workstation cable at
the top of each conduit stub-up (arranged in an elongated loop) in
the accessible ceiling or where it is possible to be concealed
 No slack inside the faceplate back-box if using standard square
boxes in construction.
 Consider using solid bottom cable runway/trays for high density
applications where more than 150 cables will be placed together.

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Back-box recommendations

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Symmetrical orientation

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Test result

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Leviton Technology for high performance Cat.6/6A

Cone of SilenceTM
 Patent-pending
– Easy to install
– Only installs one way
– Minimal increase to labor cost

 Required for Lifetime Warranty


– Must be installed for 10G
– Exceeds TIA current draft standards (June 2006)

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Leviton Technology – cont…

Retention Force Technology®


 Improves connector tine integrity
and system performance in three
Leviton Connector w/ RFT
key areas:

– Increased wire retention


strength of jack and patch
panel.

– Reduced tine contact


failures caused by stress,
Competitor Connector fatigue, or foreign object
insertion.

– Improved gas-tight
connection at the
IDC/premise wire interface
between contact surfaces to
prevent corrosion.

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Leviton Technology – cont…

Centralized fiber solutions

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Leviton Technology – cont…
 Exceeds all current TIA & IEEE 10G performance requirements /
Independent Verification (ETL)

 Patent-pending Cone of Silence technology


– Can be used with Category 6A jacks and Category 6 jacks to
help mitigate port to port Crosstalk.

 Patented RFT ® technology

 Backwards compatible with all Cat 5e / 6 component requirements


- Efficient migration to 10G.

 10G connector termination does not add significant labor/time

 Round cable design is easily installed/terminated

 Easy identification: 10G molded in connector face.

 Compatible with all QuickPort ® Workstation Solutions


.
 High Performance 10 Gig. patch cords.

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Summary
•10 Gigabit Ethernet is a dominant technology in the backbone for high intensive
bandwidth networks.

•1 Gigabit Ethernet will become a dominant technology to workstations until low


latency and high bandwidth applications are deployed which requires 10 Gigabit
Ethernet.

•Existing Category 6 installations could possibly support 10 Gigabit up to 37-55


meters with mitigation techniques.

•Augmented Category 6 systems are tested out to 500MHZ and have technologies
that suppress Alien Crosstalk created by more powerful transmitters from the
electronics.

•Proper installation of the system is critical!!

•Use a Leviton Certified Contractor to provide you the best performing system on
the market with a Lifetime Warranty on your system.
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