UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA

DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS

CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

LEARNING GUIDE N° 4

Teacher MARIA FERNANDA ERAZO SANCHEZ

Objective To identify ING forms and their functions in written texts

To develop inference level of reading comprehension by using the given

reading strategies
Time 2 hours

I. REALIZA LAS SIGUIENTES ACTIVIDADES

GRAMMAR REVIEW: ING FORMS

La forma ING en inglés tiene diversas funciones, que no necesariamente se relacionan
únicamente con la forma ando, endo en español.
Estas formas pueden ser:

1. COMO VERBO
Example: My mother is baking a delicious cake

2. COMO SUJETO
Example: Marketing is a very inexact science.

3. COMO MODIFICADOR
Example: I was met by a welcoming party at the airport

4. COMO RELATIVO
Example: Anyone touching (= who touches ) these priceless exhibits will be
escorted out of the museum.

5. DESPUES DE UNA PREPOSICION

Example: Before leaving, you need to speak to Sarah

6. COMO OBJETO DIRECTO

Example: I avoid speaking to him

EXAMPLES:
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

1. COMO VERBO

Describe una situación temporal o una activa que se está desarrollando en el

momento, corresponde en español a las formas ando, endo. Ejemplos:

a. Transistors are finding use in various types of communication

transmitters

Los transistores encuentran uso en varios tipos de transmisores de comunicación.

2. COMO SUJETO

Puede actuar como el sujeto de la oración, asumiendo funciones de sustantivo, en

este caso puede estar o no acompañado por un artículo. Ejemplos:

 Marketing is a very inexact science.

 The marketing of the product will continue for a few months yet.

También pueden asumir formas verbales que designen una realidad abstracta,
para la cual no hay un sustantivo especifico. Ejemplos:

a. Isolating nuclear wastes for thousands of years is a problem for

todays’ technology

Aislar los desechos nucleares durante miles de años es un problema para la

tecnología actual.

3. COMO MODIFICADOR

En esta estructura, el ING es usado como adjetivo que describe o cualifica al

sustantivo

a. Self –teaching computers are experimental machines that can be

taught to recognize any given information

Las computadoras de autoaprendizaje son máquinas experimentales a las que le

pueden enseñar a reconocer cualquier información dada.
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

4. COMO RELATIVO

La forma ING toma el lugar de una formación más larga con WHICH, WHO, THAT.
Ejemplos:

The girl who sits next to Peter is my neighbor’s daughter.

 The girl sitting next to Peter is my neighbor’s daughter.

A girl who works at a pub has won a lottery.

 A girl working at a pub has won a lottery.

5. DESPUES DEUNA PREPOSICIÓN

Generalmente después del uso de una preposición , el verbo que se usa toma la
forma ING. Ejemplos:

 Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?

 I was the fastest at climbing the rope.
 He learns music by listening to the chords.

a. Proteins are used for building new tissues

Las proteínas se usan para construir nuevos tejidos.

6. COMO OBJETO DIRECTO

Cuando son el objeto directo de ciertos verbos como:

 I admit telling her.

 I appreciate having the raise.
 I avoid speaking to him.
 I consider blowing your nose in public to be wrong.
 I delayed coming until the last possible moment.
 He denied telling her.
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

 I detest going to parties.

 I enjoy dancing.
 I feel like having a party.
 I've finished writing the report.
 I've given up going to the gym.
 I can't help thinking about it.
 I can't imagine ever leaving this company.
 I don't mind doing that.
 He put off talking to her as long as he could.
 I can't stand drinking beer.

a. You must avoid heating the product

Debe evitar calentar el product

EXERCISE 1

Identify the functions of ING forms hitlighted in the text

Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality.
Modern dance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. At
the beginning there was no exacting technique, no foundation from which to build. In later years
trial, error, and genius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually,
innovators even drew from what they considered the dread ballet, but first they had to discard all
that was academic so that the new could be discovered. The beginnings of modern dance were
happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general
audiences and see it accepted and acclaimed.
Her search for a natural movement form sent her to nature. She believed movement should be as
natural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony
with the movements of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas.
First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movements that could be used in dance.
Before Duncan danced, ballet was the only type of dance performed in concert. In the ballet the
feet and legs were emphasized, with virtuosity shown by complicated, codified positions and
movements. Duncan performed dance by using all her body in the freest possible way. Her dance
stemmed from her soul and spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so others
might be able to develop the art.
Her second contribution lies in dance costume. She discarded corset, ballet shoes. and stiff
costumes. These were replaced with flowing Grecian tunics, bare feet, and unbound hair. She
believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal.
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies
of great masters, including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom. She was as
exciting and eccentric in her personal life as in her dance.

II. READING STRATEGY : INFERENCES

Making Inferences is also called "reading between the lines." A good reader has to
understand what the author has written, what is "on the lines" as well as what the
author has not written, or what is "between the lines." This includes things that
are not actually written there but what the writer assumes that the reader already
knows or can guess.

Go to the following link and see the video about INFERENCE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c134dhHNBkE

Did you understand?

EXERCISE 2

Select the most appropriate answer according to the inference questions.

1. Larry, as your boss, I must say it has been very interesting working with you, Ms. Valdez said.
However, it seems that our company’s needs and your performance style are not well matched.
What is Ms. Valdez telling Larry?

A. She would feel bad if Larry quit. 

B. Larry is being fired
C. Larry is getting a raise.
D. She really enjoyed working with him. 
E. Larry had good performance reviews
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

2. Bill and Jessica are almost done taking turns choosing the players for their teams. It was
Jessica’s turn to choose and Kurt was the only person left. Jessica called Kurt’s name. We can infer
that

A. Kurt is not a very good player

B. Kurt is on Bill s team. 
C. Jessica was inconsiderate of Kurt s feelings. 
D. Bill, Jessica, Kurt and the other players are playing basketball. 

3. Jim spends most of his time staring at the cement walls. He wishes he would have done things
differently. Jim hates the meals he is served. He also hates having to wear the required uniform.
Where is Jim most likely at?

A. Construction site 
B. School
C. Jail
D. The passage does not provide enough information to know

4. Jill hands were trembling and sweat ran down her back. Her face was red and she could feel her
ears turning pink, too. Jill grabbed her speech and walked on stage. She smiled at the audience.
What can you infer?

A. Jill has to give a speech

B. Jill is nervous. 
C. Jill was prepared. 
D. All of the above 
E. None of the above. 

EXERCISE 3

Read carefully the passage and answer the below questions

The first jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900's. After 1917. many of
the New Orleans musicians moved to the south side of Chicago. where they continued to play
their style of jazz. Soon Chicago was the new-center for jazz.
Several outstanding musicians emerged as leading jazz artists in Chicago. Daniel Lotus
"Satchmo" Armstrong, born in New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another leading musician was
Joseph king Oliver. who is also credited with having discovered Armstrong, when they were both
in New Orleans. While in Chicago. Oliver asked Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join his
band. In 1923 King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band made the first important set of recordings by a Hot
Five and Hot Seven bands under Louis Armstrong also made recordings of special note.
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO

Although Chicago’s South Side was the main jazz center, some musicians in New York were
also demanding attention in jazz circles. In 1923 Fletcher Henderson already had a ten - piece band
that played jazz. During the early 1930’s, the number of players grew to sixteen. Henderson' s
band was considered a leader in what some people have called the Big Band Era. By the 1930’s. big
dance bands were the rage. Large numbers of people went to ballrooms to dance to jazz music
played by big bands.
One of the most popular and also a very famous jazz band was the Duke Eilington band.
Edward "Duke" Ellington was born in Washington, D.C., in 1899 and died in New York City in 1974.
He studied the piano as a young boy and later began writing original musical compositions. The
first of Ellington's European tours came in 1933. He soon received international fame for his talent
as a band leader, composer. and arranger. Ten years later, Ellington began giving annual concerts
at Carnegic Hall in New York City. People began to listen to jazz in the same way, that they had
always listened to classical music.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that Louis Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the
following reasons?
(A) To form his own band (B) To learn to play Chicago - style jazz
(C) To play in Joseph Oliver's band (D) To make recordings with the Hot Five
2. According to the passage, which of the following Black bands was the first to make a significant
set of jazz recordings?
(A) The Hot Seven band (B) Fletcher Henderson's band
(C) The Red Hot Peppers band (D) King Oliver's Creole jazz Band
3. As used in line 12, the word "note" could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) distinction (B) memorandum (C) mood (D) song
4. The nickname "Duke" belonged to which of the following bandleaders?
(A) Louis Armstrong (B) Joseph Oliver
(C) Edward Ellington (D) Fletcher Henderson
5. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
(A) By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by a wide audience
(B) Classical music had a great impact on jazz
(C) jazz originated in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century
(D) jazz band were better known in, Europe than in the United States

6. Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned in the passage as a center of jazz?
(A) New York (B) Washington, D.C.
(C) Chicago (D) New Orleans
UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA
DPTO IDIOMAS EXTRANJEROS
CURSO COMPETENCIAS EN INGLES PRUEBA SABER PRO