Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Microbial Genetics
STBP 2032
Hypothesis : Mutation occurs RANDOMLY and is NOT INDUCED
by the exposure to antibiotics
This condition
109 cells/ml does NOTallow
Mixing between cells
in each tube
109 cells/ml
This condition
allows
mixing HIGHER fluctuation is observed ∴showed
that mutation occurs at different times or did not
occur at all in the different tubes
Figg 17.7 :
Rare tautomeric
shifts that occur
in the chemical
structure of the
four nitrogenous
bases of DNA
NOT STABLE,
can form
BUT RARE!
5- BROMOURACIL :
THYMINE
ANALOGUE
Nitrous Acid (HNO2):
Causes deaminations
Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate (EMS) :
Induced
mutation
b a chemical
by h i l
agent,
5-BU,
a T analogue
that pairs
with A
5-BU
causes
transition of
AT to GC
∴ Mutation
occurs
5-BU is a T analogue
(Gap filling)
Insertion of new
nucleotide
Acridine as a mutagen
Breakage
Exonuclease
Mutations Induced By Biological Mutagens :
TRANSPOSON
¾ Transposon : An element that can transfer from one location to another
new location in the genome
¾ Transposition : a process that transfers transposons which do not require
homology with the targeted site ∴ it is NOT site-specific
site specific
E. coli transposon,
p , Insertional Sequence
q (IS)
( ):
Transposon in a DNA
region
Insertion
Recipient DNA
(target DNA)
Different Kinds of Point Mutation
ACRIDINE CAUSES FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
DNA
Repli-
cation
Insertion deletion
Gly Phe Trp Gly Leu
REVERSION MUTATION
Sequence change
Frameshift Mutation
L th l
Lethal
(Its protein)
Silent
Reduced
Revert to the original genotype
16 = a divided by b
Mutationn
a
Expressed in Units of :
mutants per 107
“mutants
ncy of M
12 cells per
generation” b
Frequen
8
(N
F
0 5 10 15 20 25
No. of generation/division
However, if mutation does occur
at a rate of 2 x 10-8 (i.e.
(i e for each generation)
Ames Test to determine the mutagenic
capabilities of a compound
¾The auxotrophic
p
strains were created
by point mutation,
therefore these
mutations can revert
back to WT by
Spontaneous or
induced Mutations
¾ These S.
S
typhimurium TA
strains can be used to
screen new
compounds
Agar plates used in Ames Test to
determine mutagenicity