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Extract from Theory Book for Exercise 17 of Practical Book-Pages 105-109
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Fitter 1st Year Related Theory for Exercise 17

DEPTH MICROMETERS
At the end of this lesson you shall be able to
• name the parts of a depth micrometer
• state the constructional features of a depth
micrometer
• read depth micrometer measurements
Constructional features Fig 2

The depth micrometer consists of a stock on which a

graduated sleeve is fitted.
UNSCREW AND
REMOVE CAP

The other end of the sleeve is threaded with a 0.5 mm

pitch `V' thread.

A thimble which is internally threaded to the same pitch LOCATING

and form, mates with the threaded sleeve and slides over FACES

it.

The other end of the thimble has an external step ma-

chined and threaded to accommodate a thimble cap.
(Fig 1)

Fig 1
CAP

THIMBLE
Graduation and least count

On the sleeve a datum line is marked for a length of 25

mm. This is divided into 25 equal parts and graduated,each
GRADUATED
SLEEVE line representing one millimetre, Each fifth line is drawn
a little longer and numbered. Each line representing
1 mm is further subdivided into two equal parts. Hence
15

LOCK
each sub-division represents 0.5 mm. (Fig 3)
20
25

STOCK

Fig 3

THIMBLE SCREWED
UNTIL ANVIL
DEPTH MICROMETER TOUCHES SURFACE

A set of extension rods is generally supplied. On each of

them the range of sizes that can be measured with that
rod, is engraved as 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100, 100-125
and 125-150.
0

These extension rods can be inserted inside the thimble

and the sleeve.
5
0

FRAME HELD FIRM ON

5

The extension rods have a collar-head which helps the FLAT MACHINED ZERO READING
10

SURFACE
rod to be held firmly. (Fig 2)
15
20

The measuring faces of the stock and the rods are

25

hardened, tempered and ground. The measuring face of

the stock is perfectly machined flat.

The extension rods may be removed and replaced ac-

cording to the size of depth to be measured.
CHECKING THE ZERO SETTING

105
The graduations are numbered in the reverse direction, measure
to that marked on an outside micrometer.
the depth of holes.
The zero graduation of the sleeve is on the top and the 25 the depth of grooves and recesses
mm graduation near the stock.
the heights of shoulders or projections.
The bevel edge of the thimble is also graduated. The
Fig 4
circumference is equally divided into 50 equal parts and
every 5th division line is drawn a little longer and num-
bered. The numbering is in the reverse direction and READING
increases from 0, 5,10,15, 25, 30, 35, 40,45 and 50 (0). ZERO

40

10
5
45

0
(Fig 4)
The advancement of the extension rod for one full turn of

45

5
10
the thimble is one pitch which is 0.5 mm. ACTUAL

5
READING
HIDDEN BY

10
10
THIMBLE
Therefore, the advancement of the extension rod for one

15
15
division movement of the thimble will be equal to 0.5 / 50 SCALE

20
20
= 0.01 mm. READING

25
25
This will be the smallest measurement that can be taken
with this instrument, and so, this is the accuracy of this
SPINDLE EXTENDS
instrument.

9
BEYOND BASE
SPINDLE FLUSH WITH
BOTTOM OF BASE
Uses of depth micrometer

Depth micrometers are special micrometers used to

DIAL TEST INDICATORS

At the end of this lesson you shall be able to
• state the principle of a dial test indicator
• identify the parts of a dial indicator
• state the important features of a dial test indicator
• state the functions of a dial test indicator
• identify the different types of stands.

Dial test indicators are instruments of high prescision,
used for comparing and determining the variation in the
sizes of a component. (Fig 1) These instruments cannot
Fig 1
give the direct reading of the sizes like micrometers and
vernier calipers. A dial test indicator magnifies small
variations in sizes by means of a pointer on a graduated
dial. This direct reading of the deviations gives an
accurate picture of the conditions of the parts being
tested.

STEM
Principle of working

The magnification of the small movement of the plunger

or stylus is converted into a rotary motion of the pointer on
DIAL TEST
INDICATOR MAGNETIC a circular scale. (Fig 2)
BASE

COMPONENT Types

Two types of dial test indicators are in use according to the

method of magnification.They are

plunger type (Fig 3)

lever type. (Fig 4)

SURFACE PLATE

106
Fig 2

GEAR WHEEL

MEASURING SPINDLE WITH RACK

PINION

BEARING REST
GEAR WITH COIL SPRING

TO ELIMINATE BACKLASH

HOUSING(CASE)

DOUBLE LEVER WITH

TENSION SPRING TO
EFFECT EQUAL MEASURING

PRESSURE THROUGHOUT

CLAMPING STEM GUIDEPIN TO SECURE

AGAINST TWISTING

MEASURING SPINDLE

BALL POINT FEELER (FEELER POINT)

The Plunger Type dial test indicator

Fig 3
3 The external parts and features of a dial test indicator are
as shown in figure 3.
1

0
2 1 pointer
90 10
9
2 rotatable bezel
80 20 3 bezel clamp
5
70
2

3
1

4
10

5
9

6
8

30 4 back lug
60 40
4
5 transparent dial cover
6 stem
50
6

7
7 plunger
8 anvil
8
9 Revolution counter

PLUNGER TYPE
For converting the linear motion of the plunger, a rack and
pinion mechanism is used. (Fig 2)

107
 Many dial test indicators read plus in clockwise direction
Fig 4
HOLDER ROTATABLE
from zero, and minus in the anti-clockwise direction so as
BEZEL AND DIAL to give plus and minus indications.
Uses (Figure 7 shows few applications)
0
90 10

80 20
To compare the dimensions of a workpiece against a
70 30
known standard, eg.slip gauges.
60
50
40 To check plane surfaces for parallelism and flatness.
To check parallelism of shafts and bars.
BODY
To check concentricity of holes and shafts.
CLAMP
STYLUS
Fig 7
STYLUS MOVEMENT

LEVER TYPE DIAL TEST INDICATOR

The lever type dial test indicator (Fig 4)

In the case of this type of dial test indicators, the magni-

fication of the movement is obtained by the mechanism of
the lever and scroll. (Fig 5)

Fig 5
POINTER

LEVER

PIVOT

STYLUS RETURN SPRING SCROLL

MECHANISM OF THE LEVER TYPE DIAL TEST INDICATOR

It has a stylus with a ball- type contact, operating in the CHECKING FOR PARALLELISM
horizontal plane.

This can be conveniently mounted on a surface gauge

stand, and can be used in places where the plunger type
dial test indicator application is difficult. (Fig 6) 90
0
10
DIAL TEST INDICATOR
80 20

10
1 9

2 8

70 3

4
5
6
7

30

Fig 6 60
50
40

MANDREL
WORKPIECE WITH RECESS INACCESSIBLE
TO PLUNGER TYPE DIAL TEST INDICATOR

STYLUS MUST BE AT
90° TO WORK FACE
DIAL

(B) TESTING BUSH FOR CONCENTRICITY

SPINDLE OF SURFACE GAUGE

D3

D2 D1
Important features of dial test indicators

An important feature of the dial test indicator is that the

scale can be rotated by a ring bezel, enabling it to be set CONSTANT DIAMETER FIGURES WHICH WOULD APPEAR
readily to zero. TO BE ROUND IF MEASURED ACROSS DIAMETERS

108
 Fig 7 (Contd.)
Indicator stands

Dial test indicators are used in conjunction with stands for

Fig 7
holding them so that the stand itself may be placed on a
datum surface of machine tools.

The different types of stands are (Fig 8)

magnetic stand with universal clamp

magnetic stand with flexible post
general purpose holder with cast iron base.

NOTE

The arrows indicate the provisions in the clamps for

insertion of the dial test indicator.

Fig 8

FOR FIXING THE DIAL

TEST INDICATOR

MAGNETIC STAND

UNIVERSAL CLAMP

MAGNETIC STAND WITH

FLEXIBLE POST

GENERAL PURPOSE HOLDER

WITH CAST IRON BASE

109