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LA UTILIZACIÓN DE GASES
DE PROTECCIÓN PARA
SOLDADURA
TECSUP – AQP
Julio 2003
GASES DE PROTECCIÓN
Se usan para proteger el metal fundido de la acción del aire.
El O2 en el aire promueve formación de porosidades e
inclusiones.
El N2 promueve formación de grietas y pérdida de ductibilidad
El Gas de Protección influye sobre la soldadura en:
• Estabilidad de arco
• Cantidad de calor aportado
• Penetración
• Perfil
• Velocidad de soldeo
• Tipo de transferencia del metal de aporte
• Generación de humos y salpicaduras
INFLUENCIA DEL GAS DE PROTECCIÓN
SOBRE LA ESTABILIDAD DEL ARCO
Se debe emplear mezcla correcta para obtener transferencia.
óptima de metal fundido
Transferencia spray:
La transferencia de metal debe ser tal que se de lo siguiente:
diámetro de gotitas < diámetro de alambre
600
MAG- Agamix
500
MAG-CO2
400
Velocidad
de soldeo
300 MMA
(mm/min)
200
100
0
2 4 6 8 10
garganta (mm)
8
MAYOR VELOCIDAD DE SOLDEO CON
MEZCLAS DE ARGÓN
55
Ar+8%CO2
50
Velocidad Ar+20%CO2
de soldeo45
(cm/min)
CO2
40
. . .
. . .
40
Gas
Extras
Wire
Costo por hora (USD)
30
Equipment
Manpower
20
10
0
W.Europe E.Europe
10
ALAMBRES TUBULARES
COSTO DE LA SOLDADURA
COSTO DE LA SOLDADURA
GAS
ELEC. & EQUIP. 5%
5%
FILLER METAL LABOR
10%
FILLER METAL
ELEC. & EQUIP.
GAS
LABOR
80%
ANALISIS DEL COSTO DE LA
SOLDADURA
✔ Costo unitario de soldadura por lb ó
kg depositado
Proceso $ Energía
22.5cm % PERDIDA x
ESCORIA,
SALPICADURA Y
HUMOS
35cm
FORMULA:
TIEMPO DE ARCO (hrs)
TIEMPO TOTAL DE
TRABAJO (hrs)
FACTOR DE OPERACION
APROXIMADA
WELDING PROCESS
SMAW *GMAW *FCAW *SAW
30% 50% 45% 40%
* SOLO SEMIAUTOMATICO
NOTA: GMAW INCLUYE METAL CORED
WIRES
(1) Proposed Method Cost Calculation (2) Present Method Cost Calculati
ion
E71T-1 1/16" (1.6 mm) 7018 5/32" (4.0 mm
m)
250 IPM - 300 Amp - 25 Volt (4) 170 Amps (3)
Actual Labor & O/H Rate for your Customer $ 5.00 Actual Labor & O/H Rate for your Customer $ 5.00
Deposition Rate in Pounds per Hour 10.2 Deposition Rate in Pounds per Hour 3.8
Operating Factor 45% Operating Factor 30%
Electrode Cost per Pound $ 1.36 Electrode Cost per Pound $ 0.69
Deposition Efficiency 87% Deposition Efficiency 63%
Gas Type 80% Ar/20% CO2 Gas Type
Gas Flow Rate 35 Gas Flow Rate
Gas Cost per Cubic Foot $ 0.09 Gas Cost per Cubic Foot
Equipment Cost $ 2,000 Equipment Cost
Labor & = Labor & Overhead = $5.00 = $5.00 = $1.089 $5.00 = $5.00 = $4.386 ($3.297)
Overhead Depositio X Operatin 10.2 X 0.45 = 4.59 3.8 X 0.3 = 1.14
n g
Pounds of Weld Metal and Welder Man Hours Required to Amortize Equipment Cost
Equipment Cost
Power Supply Equipment Cost in Dollars lbs. of Weld Metal ÷ Deposition Factor = Welde
er Man Hours
Wire Feeder Savings/lb Required to Re
equired to
Gun & Accessories Amortize Cost Amo
ortize Cost
$2,000
Total $ 2,000 $2.52 = 793.7 ÷ 4.59 = 173 Hours
(1) Proposed Method Cost Calculation (2) Present Method Cost Calculatiion
E71T-1 1/16" (1.6 mm) 7018 1/8 (3.2 mm))
250 IPM - 300 Amp - 25 Volt (4) 140 Amp (3)
Actual Labor & O/H Rate for your Customer $ 5.00 Actual Labor & O/H Rate for your Customer $ 5.00
Deposition Rate in Pounds per Hour 10.2 Deposition Rate in Pounds per Hour 2.7
Operating Factor 45% Operating Factor 30%
Electrode Cost per Pound $ 1.36 Electrode Cost per Pound $ 0.72
Deposition Efficiency 87% Deposition Efficiency 60%
Gas Type 80% Ar/20% CO2 Gas Type
Gas Flow Rate 35 Gas Flow Rate
Gas Cost per Cubic Foot $ 0.20 Gas Cost per Cubic Foot
Equipment Cost $ 3,000 Equipment Cost
Labor & = Labor & Overhead = $5.00 = $5.00 = $1.089 $5.00 = $5.00 = $6.173 ($5.084)
Overhead Depositio X Operatin 10.2 X 0.45 = 4.59 2.7 X 0.3 = 0.81
n g
Pounds of Weld Metal and Welder Man Hours Required to Amortize Equipment Cost
Equipment Cost
Power Supply Equipment Cost in Dollars lbs. of Weld Metal ÷ Deposition Factor = Welde
er Man Hours
Wire Feeder Savings/lb Required to Re
equired to
Gun & Accessories Amortize Cost Amo
ortize Cost
$3,000
Total $ 3,000 $4.03 = 743.7 ÷ 4.59 = 162 Hours
(1) Proposed Method Cost Calculation (2) Present Method Cost Calculation
E308LT1-1 1/16" E308L-16 1/4"
IPM - 300 Amp - 25 Volt (4) 250 Amp (3)
Actual Labor & O/H Rate for your Customer $ 5.00 Actual Labor & O/H Rate for your Customer $ 5.00
Deposition Rate in Pounds per Hour 11.4 Deposition Rate in Pounds per Hour 6.2
Operating Factor 45% Operating Factor 30%
Electrode Cost per Pound $ 7.66 Electrode Cost per Pound $ 6.25
Deposition Efficiency 83% Deposition Efficiency 57%
Gas Type 80% Ar/20% CO2 Gas Type
Gas Flow Rate Pies Cubico 35 Gas Flow Rate
Gas Cost per Cubic Foot $ 0.09 Gas Cost per Cubic Foot
Equipment Cost $ 2,000 Equipment Cost
Labor & = Labor & Overhead = $5.00 = $5.00 = $0.975 $5.00 = $5.00 = $2.688 ($1.714)
Overhead Depositio X Operatin 11.4 X 0.45 = 5.13 6.2 X 0.3 = 1.86
n g
Pounds of Weld Metal and Welder Man Hours Required to Amortize Equipment Cost
Equipment Cost
Power Supply Equipment Cost in Dollars lbs. of Weld Metal ÷ Deposition Factor = Welderr Man Hours
Wire Feeder Savings/lb Required to Reqquired to
Gun & Accessories Amortize Cost Amortize Cost
$2,000
Total $ 2,000 $3.10 = 645.8 ÷ 5.13 = 126 Hours
METALURGICA
BASICA
TERMINOLOGIA
Mechanical Properties
Impact Toughness
Energy
in ft/lbs
Fractures Cracks Deforms
Charpy V-Notch
Specimen
Stress/Strain Recorder
Specimen Holders
EQUIPO DE PRUEBA DE
TENACIDAD
Recorder
Swinging Pendulum
PRUEBAS MECANICAS
PRUEBA
DE
DOBLEZ
PRUEBA
DE
TENSION
PRUEBA DE TENACIDAD