2190A Digital Thermometer Instruction Manual rv as0208 Sune 1878 rec i met te NBA FLUKEWARRANTY "Notwithstanding any provision of any agreement he following warranty is exclusive: ‘The JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO., INC., warrants each instrument it manufactures to be free from defects in material and ‘workmanship under normal use and service forthe period of 1-year from date of purchase. This warranty extends only to the original purchaser. Tis warranty shall not apply to fuses, disposable batteries (rechargeable type batteries are warranted for 90-days), or any product or parts which have been subject to misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal Conditions of operations. Inthe eventoffailureof a product covered by this warranty, John Fiuke Mfg. Co, Inc, will repair and calibrate aninstrument returned to an authorized Service Facily within 1 yar ofthe original purchase; provided the warrantors examination discloses tits satstaction thatthe product was detective. The warrantor may, atts option replace the productin leu of ‘epair, With regard to any instrument returned witin 1 year of the orginal purchase, said repairs or replacement will be ‘made without charge. I the fallure has been caused by misuse, neglet. accident. or abnormal conditions of operations, ‘repairs will be biled at a nominal cost In such case, an estimate wll be submitted belore work is started, i requested. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS, OR. ADEQUACY FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO,, INC., SHALL NOT BE ABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT. TORT, OR OTHERWISE. any fallure occurs, the folowing steps should be taker: 4. Notiy the JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO. INC. or nearest Service facilily giving fulldetalsofthedlificuy, and include the model number, type number, and serial number. On receipt ofthis information, service data, or shipping iatructions wil be forwarded to you. 2. Onreceipt ofthe shipping instructions, forward the instrument transportation prepaid. Repairs willbe made at the Service Facility and the instrument returned, transportation prepaid, SHIPPING TO MANUFACTURER FOR REPAIR OR ADJUSTMENT. {All shipments of JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO. ING. instruments should be made via United Parcel Service or "Best Way"* repaid. Theinstrument should be shipped inthe orginal packing carton;oritisnot available, use any suitable container ‘that is rigid and of adequate size. Ia substitute container is used, the instrument should be wrapped in paper and surrounded with at least four Inches of excelsior or similar shock-absorbing material CLAIM FOR DAMAGE IN SHIPMENT TO ORIGINAL PURCHASER ‘The instrument should be thoroughly inspected immediately upon original delvery 1 purchaser. All material in the ‘container should be checked against the enclosed packing list The manufacturer will not be responsible for shortages ‘against the packing sheetuniessnotiied immediatly theinstrumentis damagedin any way. claim should befiled wth the carier immediately To obtain a quotation to repair shipment damage, contact the nearest Fluke Technical Center) Final claim and negotiations wit the career must be completed by the customer. ‘The JOHNFLUKE MFG, CO, INC, willdehappy to answer ll applications or use questions, which willenhance your use of this instrument Please address your requests or correspondence to: JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO,, INC, P.O, BOX C9080, EVERETT, WASHINGTON 98206, ATTN: Sales Dept. For European Customers: Fluke (Holland) .V, P.O. Sox 2269, 5600 (6G, Eindhoven, The Netheriands *For European customers, Air Freight prepa. John Fluke Mig. Co., Inc., P.O. Box C9090, Everett, Washington 98206 Rew. 7/88SECTION 21908 Table of Contents rime INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS INTRODUCTION (0. SPECIFICATIONS... OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 21, INTRODUCTION . 23, SHIPPING INFORMATION 26. INPUT POWER 29, INSTALLATION 2-12, OPERATING FEATURES 2-14, OPERATING NOTES .... 2-16. Option Information 2-18. Fuse Replacement ooo 2:20. Overload Thermocouple Indication... 222, Open Thermocouple Indication ... 2-24. Microcomputer Identification 2.26, OPERATION 2.27, Thermocouple lnstallation 2.29. Thermocouple Operation - 231. Voltage Measurements... ‘THEORY OF OPERATION ... 31, INTRODUCTION 3.3. OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 3-10, CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 3-12, Digital Section... 3417, Analog Section MAINTENANCE 41, INTRODUCTION 43. SERVICE INFORMATION 46 GENERAL MAINTENANCE... 47, Instrument Disassembly. 49. Input Line Power Selection #11 Cleaning 4-13. Fuse Replacement mn 415, Service Tools... 4117. PERFORMANCE TEST PAGE21908 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued SECTION 7” TME, PAGE 420. Ambient Temperature Test 43 422, Ice Bath Construction .... “4 424, Ice Bath Test 46 426, CALIBRATION ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE 46 428, Equipment Preparation .. 46 430. Zero Adjustment 5 45 432. Reference Adjustment - 46 4634 ——_Reference-Junetion Adjustment . 47 436. Thermocouple Input Calibration... 47 4438, SELECTED COMPONENT REPLACEMENT OR ADJUSTMENT 47 440. Multipoint Potentiometer Adjustment ........ 148 442. TROUBLESHOOTING ....... , ‘ weet LIST OF REPLACEABLE PARTS BA ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS SA $1. INTRODUCTION ... 52 54. HOW TO OBTAIN PARTS” 52 OPTION AND ACCESSORY INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS ... MANUAL STATUS INFORMATION 7A THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE TABLES re SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS . a TABLE OF CONTENTS «21908 List of Tables TABLE me PAGE 1 2190A Options ... te 12 2IGOA Accessories. 12 3 Specifications : fon 12 2 2190A Controls, Indicators, and Connectors 2 22. ‘Thermocouple Input Module Switch Settings . 24 23. T/C Input Module Switch Functions 2 4 Line Voltage Selection Switches Positioning ..... 42 42. Test Equipment Requirements ......... 43 a Performance Test Values +4 44. Bias Resistor Values a7 45. 2190A Troubleshooting . 48 itifivSS eee FIGURE Frontispiece 21 22. x1 32. 33. 4 42. “a 21908, List of Illustrations me 290A Digital Thermometer . Controls and Indicators. Thermocouple PCB Access « 2190A Simplified Block Diagram Measurement Cycle Waveforms ‘Simplified Schematic - Analog Section. Line Voltage Selection Switches. Equipment Connections... Calibration Adjustment Connections. PAGE21908 2190A Digital Thermometer1-1. INTRODUCTION 1-2, The Model 2190A Digital Thermometer is a portable, stackable, five digit, thermocouple thermometer capable of temperature measurements over a range of -252°C to +2471°C (-486°F to +4480°F) with a resolution of 0.1°. The instrument features automatic reference-junction compensation, eliminating the requirement for an ice bath reference-junction; front panel switch selection of Fahrenheit or Celsius readings; switch selectable thermocouple inputs; switch selectable input line voltage; dual-slope measurement techniques; and digital linearization (microcomputer controlled) of, the thermocouple inputs. 1-3. The instrument display has six high-intensity, seven segment LEDs, and leading zero suppression. Five of the LEDs are used to display numeric data, including a minus sign for negative temperature readings. The remaining LED displays the selected temperature scale character (CF or °C). The symbol “0.C.”is displayed when an open- thermocouple is detected at the thermocouple input terminals. 1-4, Screw-type input connectors, on a removable module, are provided for attaching the selected thermocouple. The terminals are an integral part of an isothermal block which serves as a portion of the reference-junction compensation circuit. This circuit removes the need for an ice bath reference junction (0°C or 32°F) since it provides the electrical equivalent automatically. 1-5. Selection of the temperature scale for display is made with a front panel pushbutton. The scale selected, Celsius or Fahrenheit, is displayed as either the character °C or °F as the last character in the temperature reading. A scale change can be made at any time, and has no effect ‘on the calibration of the instrument. 21908, Section 1 Introduction & Specifications 1-6, The measurement range of the 2190A is determined by the type of thermocouple used as the input device. The type of microcomputer installed in your instrument will determine the type of thermocouples that may be used. The specifications table identifies the type of thermocouples that are presently available for use in the 2190A, and Section 2 gives the procedure for identifying the microcomputer type. The version required must be specified when ordering the instrument. Choice of the thermocouple type is accomplished by selecting the applicable switch position on the removable input module using the table printed beside the switch on the pcb. Recalibration is not required if the thermocouple type is changed. NOTE The letter C is not an ISA/ANSI thermocouple desgnation. C is used for convenience only to represent Tungsten-5% Rhenium versus Tungsten-26% Rhenium alloy. 1-7, The instrument is in a PTI (Portable Test Instrument) case, This lightweight, durable plastic case makes the instrument truly portable when used with the ¥2003 or ¥2009 external power sources and can be stacked for one handle portability. 1-8. Options and accessories available forthe 2190 are listed in Tables I-1 and 1-2 respectively. Detailed information concerning each item listed is given in Section 6 of this manual, Option and Accessory Information. Table 1-1. 2190 Options ‘OPTION DESCRIPTION ‘1KOA-002 ‘vipat Option 21K0A-006 |EEE-488 interface Option 21X0A.006 Limits Option 121908 1-9. Four input line voltages are available for switch selection. Selection may be made for 100, 120, 220 or 240 volts 10%, as required to meet local conditions. Frequency may vary between 50 to 440 Hertz for all voltage selections. Refer to Section 4 of this manual on how to change the selected input line voltage. The instrument will also operate with an external input of 12V de. 1-10. SPECIFICATIONS 1-11, Specifications for the 2190A Digital ‘Thermometer are given in Table 1-3. Table 1-2. 2190A Accessories ACCESSORIES DESCRIPTION ‘ACCESSORIES DESCRIPTION ‘y2001 Multipoint Selector, Thermocouple yo024 Power Cord, Sway 2003 Calibrator, Thermocouple Indicator 20268, Cele, Output Unit, RS-232-6 y2009 Batery Pack, 12V Rechargeable ‘y2030 ‘Thermocouple Input Module y2010 Fock Panel PT, single, size (or ¥2001) P20 Type Thermocouple Probe yao Rack Panel PT, single, C size (for 2190, 20K Type Thermocouple Probe 'Y2002 and ¥2023) P2ot T-Type Thermocouple Probe ya015, Rack Ponel PTI, double, C size Yor 21904, ern poem ce P20 E-Type Thermocouple P vans Tinen ack Adapter PTL single, O 20 veo 7 inch Rack Adapter PT, double O sie y2020 Panel Mount PTL-DIN, C size for 21908, ‘y2002 and ¥2023) 02 "4Simm Panel Mount PO size voor Dvir, Thermometer Calibrator Table 1-3. Specifications 2190A Digital Thermometer ‘Thermocouple Typat: Determined by type of microcomputer. "THERMOCOUPLE TYPE ‘MICROCOMPUTER, ‘TYPE 1 2 a 4K. T, Cand JK, By Srand ® ADIN, K, TDINS, B and R “Europe wanaird Dipiy: “For, swithselectable,7segment LEDS 1.1 em Nigh Resolution: 0.1 Masurement Method: Ove! slope negation, under mir computer contol. 100 ms integration period, thre reins Uinerzation Technique: Compute alorith, th order cue fe Warm-Up to Rated Accuracy: 5 minutes. Reference Junction Compensation: 0005" per dere rom 25°C Seley: PROTECTION GLASS 1 Reais soley to insulation or “Temperature Coatfcient: #15 ppmi"C trom 25°C. Stability: £175 ppm in 90 days, 200 ppm per year Common Mode Rejection: >160 dB at de, 50, 60, and 400 Hz 40.1%, with 10082 unbalance st input. ‘Common Mode Voltage: 350V de oF 250V ac ems max "Normal Mode Rejection: 530.48 at de, £0, 60, and 400 He 40.1% Zero Drift: Automatic zero corection, Input Connection: Two wires, on screw terminal isothermal block Input Impedance: 1000 M823 de ‘Max. Source impedance: 2522 Power: 12V de or 100,120, 220 or 240V ae +10%, selectable, 50 10 400 He: BW typical Size and Weight Style C case, 2.1 kg (4 tbs.9 02), types (Overrange (Overtoad) Detection: The thermometer display flesne ether postive ful scale or negative fl scale depending fon the polarity of the overload (voltae) (Open Cireut Detection: A source impedance of 3 Sor more ‘causes the thermometer to cisplay a flashing "O.C.". An internal siteh allows a utr to simalete a+ overload oF — overload wich ‘an be uted to control imits of alarms for failsafe control. ‘grounding properties futher defined in EC 348) 12Table 1-3. Specifications (cont) 21908 21904 Instrument Accuracy Speciications** MICROCOMPUTER TYPE #4 Maximum Error comme Degrees Degrees F “Applicable Porton ‘sow 20 | iris 20 0ys88°F | 1 ¥rs0°F Type | of Temp. Range, “c_| ACH roa | toss ce woae'r | t095°F r + 4 128100 018, on3 oz 020 023 026 0 t0 900 ona oat 0.36 020 047 ose k 432100 018 019 21 0.20 0.33 037 00 1350 oa 039 oa7 0.20 072 087 T 243 100 0.18 0.20 oz 0.30 0.36 039 ‘te 400 one oza 0.25 0.20 om 046 00 1708, oat 050 0.70 oar 101 1.20 oo 2471 018 0.60 0.75 0.30 ant 1.37 MICROCOMPUTER TYPE #2 Maximum Err eee ogres 6 Degrees Two | APlicabierorion | gicy, | S0Dmac | twiBC | accy | S0DweNr | 1 vrsr yee | of Temp. Range, 'c | At | to0%C rose . t000F 10 95°F 4 “128 t00 0.18 029 021 020 023 026 0 t0 900 one oat 036 020 oa7 08 K 432100 0.18 08 ot 030 033 037 0101350 018 039 047 0.30 on 087 e 282 100 ona 020 022 030 038 40 ‘0t0 1000 018 0.33 039 020 ost or a 010 1708, oat 059 0.70 oar 101 1.20 8 Ot 1685, oza 050 0.60 038 82 1.10 MICROCOMPUTER TYPE #3 ‘Maxima Error rermesouries Degrees “Applicable Portion Bowne | twige ri Treg Tvee | orteme.Renge,’c | AS | to30°c wae | CH 1095°F soins] -100%00 0.18 09 020 00 02 036 Oto 760 one 02a 033 020 02 061 kK 50%00 0.18 08 020 020 022 028 v0 1372 018 030 08 0.20 043 78 roins| 200100 o18 020 o21 0.0 oa 038 0 400 018 022 0.25 0.30 oa 06 8 420 t0 1815 021 052 02 037 096 116 R 140 t0 1700 0.8 046 0.86 0.20 oa 0.93 "European Standard Note: Instrument accuracy does not include thermocouple errors such as non-conformity to standard cue. 1321908, Table 1-3. Specifications (cont) PTI Common Specifications (2190A and Accessor ‘Storage Temperature: ~40°C to +78°C, except ¥2003 or ¥2008 is 0 to 40°C. ‘Operating Temperature: 0 to 50°C, except Y2003 and ¥2009 0 to 40°C. Felative Humidity: >) oF lower (limit valve which, it exceeded, wl laminate fn indicator and clore relay contacts accesible on the rear panel. The third function () ‘utes the thermomater to dsp the oiference betwen the actal reading and the value {et on the LIMIT swatches, The lart two functions examine, and display, the maximum C1 or minimum (1) reading recorded in microcomputer since the ast reset by the Part ofthe -006 Limits Option, Incieator illuminates when the preset limits have been Cover for calibration adjustments used in the calibration procedure Part of the ~006 Limits Option. Rests the accumulated maximum and minimum readings ‘connector lor ne ASC coded data for he Output Unit 2100-02 sisted, ConnetororthelEEE- 88 ‘Banana jack connector fan Analog Oulput(t ger degree i! 21H0A-002\s instal, Only used wih Connection and accss point for Thermocouple Input Module with wothermal block for Cable connectar for electrical connection fram accestory units ternal 12V de input (F2). 1 the Limits featur is insalled, provides an output terminal fra relay contact closure to signa when the st limits have been exceeded Input terminals for the external 12V de power source REF NAME, 1 | Dipl Oepiay Displays a tive a 2 | Temperature Scale naicator 3 | Power switen Applies or remaves power fom the instrument. 4 | scace 5 | Limit and FUNCTION INITIALIZE MAX/MIN pushbutton switen 6 | um exceeseo sxceeced 7 | catipration 8 | inriatize maxinin stored by the microcomputer 9 | oicitat oureur {721¥0A-004 inated instead of 2504-002) 10 | anatoc oureut iva 02) 11 | input connector ‘thermocouple connection and election, 12 | Accessory conNecToR 13, | Fuses Fue for the input line power (F1) and the | ums 1s | Hevoc 16 | Line voutace Input connector forthe input line voltage. CONNECTOR 2-14. OPERATING NOTES 2-15. The following paragraphs describe various conditions that could effect operation of the thermometer. The operator should familiarize himself with these conditions prior to operating the 2190A. 2-16. Option Information 2-17. Supplementary operating instructions are necessary when operating a 2190 equipped with one of the available options. Detailed information regarding the ‘operation of each available option is given in Section 6 of this manual, Option and Accessory Information, 2-18. Fuse Replacement 219. The ac line input and external de input are 2-20. Overload Thermocouple Indication 221. The front panel display, in addition to providinga measurement reading, provides an indication of an overload on the input thermocouple. When the ‘measurement range of the selected thermocouple is exceeded the display flashes either the full-scale positive or full-scale negative reading, dependent on the polarity of the overload. The blinking indication does not necessarily indicate that the instrument is exposed to a damaging input condition. 2-22. Open Thermocouple Indication 2-23. If the thermocouple is open, or not connected to the input terminals, the display flashes the characters "O.C.". A signal from the rear panel relay contacts can, also be obtained if the Limits Option (-006) is installed. To accomplish this, select either the positive (+OL) or individually fuse protected. Both fuses are readil accessible on the outside of the rear panel. The ac line input fuse (FI) should be replaced with a /8A slo-blo fuse if either 100 or 120 volts has been selected as the input line voltage. Use a 1/16A replacement if 220 or 240 volts have been selected. The external de input (F2) requires a 3/4A slo-blo fuse for a replacement. negative (-OL) position on S4, located on the Main PCB (refer to Section 4 for access to the Main PCB), depending ‘upon whether the Limits Option issetto greater than >), or less than o equal (<). Ifthe limits are set for >, the S4 switch should be set to +OL foran open thermocouple to close the relay contacts for a signal. Conversely, for a signal with a < limit, -OL should be selected 2321908, 2-24, Microcomputer Identification 2.25, The type of microcomputer installed in your instrument will determine the types of thermocouples that may be used. To determine the type of microcomputer you are using, connect the 2190A to line power and turn it on. For approximately the first ten seconds, the 2190A will dis- play the microcomputer version, a decimal point, and the type of microcomputer in use. Example: A display reading of “9004.1” at turn on indicates that a type I of the 9004 version microcomputer is installed. Table 2-2 lists the ‘microcomputer types with the thermocouples that they are programmed for. 2-26. OPERATION 2-27. Thermocouple Installation 2-28. Select the desired thermocouple range using the following procedure: 1, Remove the Thermocouple Input Module from the instrument through the access port on the rear panel, refer to Figure 2-2. 2. Connect the selected thermocouple to the input terminals on the isothermal block. Table 2:2. Thermocouple Input Module Switch Settings. marae an snenocompuTeR ‘TYPE SELECT SWITCH SETTING (S1) ‘TURN ON TYPE ofi1]J2 3 )elsyJe|l7]e|o "2004.1 or 9005.1 1 a [«ftfe R cat | cat ‘or 9005.2 2 a |k E s|aR CAL | CAL oF 90053 3 or fi« [rt 8 R CAL | CAL. Example: To select a switch setting of 5, position the thermocouple type select switches as shown ps on| /. a woes * In these postions the display will have @ maximum range of 99 989 LV with 1 uV resolution ** DIN standard Ie INPUT MODULE input ‘THERMOCOUPLE (T/C) WIRE ‘TERMINALS ‘ACCESS PORT we SELECTOR SWITCH (51) Figure 2:2. Thermocouple PCB Access 243. Set the thermocouple selector switch to the setting shown in Table 2-2 and on the peb beside the isothermal block, for the thermocouple installed. 4. Connect the Thermocouple Input Module to the instrument Main PCB through the access port ‘on the rear panel, 5. Verify thatthe instrument has been calibrated for the thermocouple in use. See Section 4 “Thermo- couple Input Calibration” for more information. 2-29, Thermometer Operation 2-30. Operate the 2190A Digital Thermometer using the following procedure: 1. Verify that the instrument has the correct, thermocouple connected, or install the desired thermocouple using the procedure previously given in this section, 2. Connect the input line cord to the applicable power source. 3. Select the temperature scale desired for display with the front panel SCALE switch (in for °C and out for °F). NOTE If Option -006 is installed the FUNCTION thumbwheels must be set for Limits (> or <) ‘for a direct temperature reading. 4. Select POWER ON. NOTE Refer to Section6 ofthis manual or applicable accessory manuals, for instructions on the operation of any’ installed options or connected accessories 21908, 5. Expose the thermocouple probe toan unknown, temperature or the temperature to be monitored, within the thermocouple’s specified range (see Specifications in Section 1). 6. The probe temperature, in the scale selected, is displayed on the front panel. 2-31. Voltage Measurements 2.32, The 2190A may be used to measure positive or negative voltages up to 99.999 mV with I zV resolution. When using the 2190A to measure voltages, the temperature units (°C, °F) are to be ignored. Since the decimal point will be fixed, ignore it and read the display in a. Example: 99 mV input = display of "9900.0" °F or °C. Use the following steps to measure voltages with your 21904. 1. Remove the 2190A’s Thermocouple Input Module, refer to Figure 2-2. 2. On the Thermocouple Input Module, set select switches to position #8 or #9 (refer to Table 2-2 for switch selection, and Table 2-3 for switch functions). Replace the Thermocouple Input Module. NOTE For the following steps the source resistance ‘must be kept below 2 kMor a0.1 wF capacitor must be placed across TC+, TC-. 3. Connect the unknown voltage to TC+ and Te. 4, Turn the 2190A on, display will now read in pV units Table 2-3. T/C Input Module Switch Functions swiTcH swirett POSITION SYNTCH FUNCTIONS 0-6 Programs the microcomputer (ic) or each T/C probe ype (ee Table 22) 8 7 Not Uies 89 "CAL", programs the Uc to rend UV foypasses the linearization program) 25/263-1. INTRODUCTION 3:2. This section of the manual contains an overall functional description. followed by a brief circuit analysis of the 2190A Digital Thermometer. Simplified circuit diagrams are provided. as necessary. to supplement the text. Detailed schematics are given in Section 8 of this manual 3-3. OVERALLFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 3-4. The Model 2190A Digital Thermometer, shown in Figure 3-1, is a S-digit microcomputer controlled thermocouple thermometer capable of resolving0.1°C or O.1°F over temperature range of -252° to 2471°C or 486° to 4480°F. It features a relerence-junction compensator (eliminating the need for an ice bath reference-junction), dual-slope A) D conversion technique, microcomputer control logic, and a S-digit display with temperature scale indicator. 35, In operation, the 21904 executes a continuous series of measurement cycles to update the temperature display. The measurement cycle is controlled entirely by the microcomputer and includes three major subcycles: the Auto-Zero. Integrate. and Read periods. Each subeyele controls the operation of the analog section of a dual-slope integrator. which in turn, generates a compare ‘output. which is used by the microcomputer to generate the proper control signals, (In addition to these major subeyeles, a recovery signal is applied at the end of the read period to assist the Auto-Zero period.) 3-6, The configuration of the analog ection duringeach phase of the measurement cycle. is established by the condition of microcomputer controlled FET switches. The measurement cycle begins with the Auto-Zero period. During this period. the input to the Buffer Amplilieris connected to ground through an FET switch and the accumulated de offset voltages present in the analog section are sampled and held by the Auto-Zero 21908, Section 3 Theory of Operation ‘capacitor. This voltage is used later in the measurement cycle to cancel measurement errors introduced by offset voltages present in the analog circuitry. As a result, the final measurement is proportional to the thermocouple probe output voltage and does not include offset errors. 3-7. During the Integrate period, the thermocouple input voltages (probe voltage and input terminal voltages) are applied to the integrator and the algebraic ‘sum of these voltages is integrated over a 100 ms period At the end of this period the thermocouple input voltages, are removed from the integrator and the Read period is started. THERMOCOUPLE PROBE DUAL sLoPE ANALOG CIRCUIT MICROCOMPUTER, CONTROL & LINEARIZATION oisPLay Figure 3-1. 2190 Simpl at21908, 3:8. A reference voltage is applied to the integrator ‘during the Read period, causing the integrator capacitor to be discharged at a linear rate. When the integrator ‘output reaches the voltage stored on the Auto-Zero capacitor a compare signal is generated to end the Read period. The duration of the Read period is translated by the microcomputer to provide a digital indication proportional to the thermocouple probe voltage. 349. To compensate for the eror voltage present on the input terminals, the microcomputer configures the analog portion to do a complete conversion cycle on the Teference-junction voltage every Ith read cycle. This voltage is generated by a transistor whichis atthe same temperature asthe input terminals. The microcomputer uses the number generated during the Read period to compensate the input voltage and display the actual probe temperature. 3-10, CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 311, Circuit analysis of the 2190A is discussed in two sections; digital and analog. The digital section is covered first and particular attention is paid to the control it exercises on the analog ection, The analysis of the analog section covers the analog measurement circuitry and the power supply. 3-12, Digital Section 3-13. The digital section of the 2190A consists of a single-chip microcomputer (U4), which has a self- contained, programmed, read only memory; a hex CMOS open drain buffer (U3) and an LED display. Its function is to convert the non-linear thermocouple probe voltage, as measured by the analog section, into a linear a0) we} pf N- “wv 1 Ve | ov ii Fom SETTLING TME COMMAND 62 (0 ea tr or | co. courane oureur,cue>>erev0 = cr ov t _ "1 { FHERMOCOUPLE X100_ rio VOLTAGE surrenoumur [E> cn “i ww REFERENCE VOLTAGE X100 DDE* is generated for pouitive input voltages. Negative input voltages enable the OE made which, in turn, operates FET swnteh, 093. \aveform i shown for positive input voltage. It is inverted for negative inputs. Shown for flea in ‘The Q numbers in parenthesis represent FET switches operated by the commands. See Figure 33. WV Figure 3 2. Masur 3-23. The Buffer, Integrator, Gain Stage, and Comparator Amplifiers combine to perform the analog funetions of the Integrate, Read, and Auto-Zero periods. The Buffer is used to provide integrator inputs during all three periods. The Integrator integrates the Buffer output voltage during the Integrate and Read periods and, in combination with the Gain Stage, functions as a closed- loop amplifier during the Auto-Zero period. 3:24. During the first phase of each measurement eye. the analog section goes through an Auto-Zero period. During this time. four auto-zero switches (Q12, Q16. Q6. and QIO) are closed by the Auto-Zero command from the microcomputer. Two of the switches (QI2 and QI6) charge the reference capacitor to 100 mV. Switch QU6 also zeroes the input to the buffer amplifier. The third switch, Q6 connects the Integrator and Gain Stage into a closed-loop configuration and allows the auto-zero capacitor (C10) to chargetoa value whichis proportional to thealgebraic sum ofall the offset voltages present inthe Butfer, Integrator. and Gain Stage. At the end of the Auto-Zero period, switches QI2, QI6, Q6 and QIO are opened. The VREF capacitorand the auto-zero capacitor retain their charge for use later in the measurement cycle rement Cycle Waveforms 3.25. The Integrate period (see Figure 3-2) starts on the leading edge of the integrate command from the microcomputer; switch QIS is closed and switch Q8 is opened. The thermocouple input voltage is applied through switch QUS to the buffer input, After a I ms settling period, switch Q8 closes and the buffer output is applied to the Integrator for 100 ms. As the integrator capacitor charges, the Integrator drives the comparator (chrough the Gain Stage) to either 0 or +5V dco indicate the polarity of the thermocouple input voltage. negative or positive, respectively, At the end of the Integrate period. the integrate capacitor is charged to a level and polarity which are proportional to the thermocouple input voltage and switches Q15 and Q8 return to the open state, 3-26. The Read period starts at the end of the Integrate period and one-of-two Read modes is enabled depending upon the input polarity sensed by the comparator during the Integrate period. If a positive input is sensed, a positive Read mode's enabled. Similarly. a negative Read, mode is enabled when a negative input is sensed. 33