73: lateral thinking for productivity  Guidelines for industrial guidance counselor – is in the

business of developing the productivity and well-being of the

Lateral thinking
company’s human resources.
 is more creative way of using the mind. General pattern of counseling programs:

 Is an attitude and a habit of mind. I. Find out the employees’ counseling needs.

 It is a matter of awareness and practice - not revelation. II. Facilitate the formulation of the employees’ plan of action.

 Is made necessary by the limitations of vertical thinking. III. Reinforce and support the employees’ plan of action.

 It allows much greater flexibility, one is actively encouraged to
consider a problem from many different points of view and
appreciate that there are many ways of reaching a correct
conclusion.
 It is easiest to appreciate lateral thinking when it is seen in action.
IV. Keep the superior of the department informed of the guidance
counseling interventions and activities, as well as any of the results
achieved.
V. Monitor and maintain active communication with everyone who
goes through the guidance and counseling programs or activities.

 It is concerned with problem-solving as well as with new ways of

looking at things and new ideas of every sort.

Principles of lateral thinking (under 4 general headings):

Guidance Counselor – must be constantly updating, classifying,
I. Recognition of dominant polarizing ideas. amending, or confirming the following:

II. The search for different ways of looking at things. I. The industrial guidance counselor’s expectation of the
department.
III. A relaxation of the rigid control of vertical thinking.
II. The departments’ expectation of the industrial guidance
IV. The use of chance. counselor.

The use of chance is passive but watchful. III. What each will have to do to help each other to achieve
mutual goals.
 The aim of lateral thinking is to generate new ideas, but no one is
interested in new ideas as such but only in effective new ideas. Guidance counseling intervention two parallel lines:
Every decision is made with some degree of uncertainty.
I. The counseling efforts should concentrate on the positive factors
74: The role of guidance and counseling I achieving productivity of the people.

 Counseling is a person-to-person interaction in which one is
helped by the other in minimizing or eliminating any problem that
interferes with the workforce morale, productivity, acceptance of
change or harmony.
II. The efforts should be directed toward giving remedial and
corrective interventions to employees with productivity problems.
III. The industrial guidance counselor should try to plan,
implement, and evaluate the counseling interventions of the two
thrust as regularly as possible.
 IV. Important human management components (strategic and CHAPTER 76
tactical): How to achieve productivity through Clinical Supervision and other
Strategies
V. The human resource procurement and development must give
substantial emphasis on employee orientation and induction and Clinical supervision is the improvement of performance through
training and development programs. diagnosis, observation, analysis and assessment of supervisor-subordinate
interactions.
VI. There must be a good human resource conservation and
maintenance program. The assumptions of the system are:

CHAPTER 75 1. Productivity is a set of identifiable patterns of behavior.

How to develop a competency, Behavioral model for productivity
2. When selected patterns are changed, the improvement of the
Process of developing competence or behavioral model performance can be achieved.

Step 1: Develop a behavioral model for desirable or required 3. The supervisor-subordinate relationship must be built on mutual
competencies trust if the improvement is to occur.

A. The specific competency statements for managerial 4. The primary goal of supervision is to improve performance to
leadership are: attain objectives.

B. 1. A good managerial leader knows the 3 basic leadership styles: The process of clinical supervision involves the following:
Authoritarian, democratic and laissez faire.
E. Pre observation conference
C. 2. A good managerial leader is competent in using all 3 styles.
Five areas for mutual agreement:
D. 3. A good managerial leader knows which style is appropriate to
the specific situation. 1. General background of the task at the hand.

Step 2: Discover present levels of performance 2. Objective of the day’s task.

Step 3: Specify needs 3. Needs readiness and appropriateness of the employee for the task.

Step 4: Separate learning from non learning needs 4. Strategies and materials to be used to reach the objectives.

Discomfort of employees 5. Hoe the supervisor can help the subordinate during the
observation and what the subordinate would like the supervisor to
Two sources: look for.

1. His boss has maintained an authoritarian policy F. Actual job observation

2. Like most of us, the manager wanted to be feared G. Post observation conference

Step 5: Assign priorities 1. The supervisor and the subordinate reconstruct the task observed
and agree on what took place during the work.
Step 6: Test commitment
2. Identify behavior patterns that were visible in the work.
 3. Determine if the procedure, process and content of the task 6. Let the supervisors keep their eyes open in recognizing and
achieved the objective. identifying waste at the source or at the point of origin.

4. Discuss the relationship of the visible patterns with the task’ 7. Use posters and flyers to spread the idea that waste costs money.
objective.
8. Implement highly efficient safety rules and regulations.
5. Use the analysis to plan future task.
9. Use the competence and ability of the people where they are
77 Waste Management for Productivity suited.

Two Elements of Corporate Profitability 10. Plan, organize and create climate where each employee finds the
initiative and commitment to
Customer dissatisfaction- removes revenues
Four thing s everyone in the company should
Waste- takes away from revenues endeavor to do with waste

Causes of Waste 1. Avoid Waste

 Inefficiency 2. Save Waste

 Negative values 3. Reduce Waste

 Intrigues 4. Control Waste

 Bad working habits Some cost reduction and Productivity tips

 Duplication of tasks and capabilities 1. Men

 Dishonesty 2. Materials

3. Machinery
 Fraud
4. Management Guide
Guidelines in Waste
5. Method
1. Recognize waste even before it occurs by setting standards.
78 Value Analysis or Engineering: A Tool for Productivity
2. Recognize when waste begins to exceed a standard level.
• Value Analysis or engineering- is an organized approach for
3. Examine all possibilities of source of waste.
analyzing the function of product or service with the purpose of
4. Prevent recurrence once waste has been identified by undertaking achieving the required function at the lowest overall cost.
remedial measures.
Formula- Value= Function
5. Ensure active participation of employees at all levels of the
(max) cost (min)
organization.
Several types of Economic Value
 1. Use Value 1. Does its use contribute value?

2. Cost Value 2. Is its cost proportionate to its usefulness?

3. Esteem Value 3. Does it need all its features?

4. Exchange Value 4. Is there anything better for the intended use?

Phases if Value Analysis or Engineering 5. Is anyone buying it for less?

1. Information Phase 6. Can a usable part be made by lower cost method?

2. Creative Phase 7. Will another dependable suppliers provide it for less?

3. Evaluation Phase 8. Do materials, reasonable labor, overhead, and profit total its cost?

4. Investigation Phase 9. Is it made on proper tooling, considering qualities used?

5. Implementation Phase 10. Can standard product be found which will be usable?

Three Basic Steps in Value Analysis Several Theories in the Measurement of Values

1. Identify the function – Utility Theory

2. Evaluate the function – Labor Theory

3. Develop creative alternatives – Cost Theory

– Price Theory

Five basic questions for Value Analysis or Engineering

1. What is it?

2. What does it do?

3. How much is it?

4. What else can it do?

5. How much will that cost?

Ten test for Determination of Values