SHORING

DEFINITION

 Temporary supports applied to a building or structure to comply

with the requirements of the Construction (Health, Safety and

Welfare) Regulation 1996, particularly Regulation 9 to 11.

 Shoring is the means of providing temporary support to structure

that are in unsafe condition till such time as they have been

made stable, or to structures which might become unstable by

reason of work being carried out on or near them, such as the

underpinning of foundations.
MATERIAL

1. Timber

 Timber has always been used the past and is still the

most commonly used material for shoring.

 Struts, ties and coupler are necessary to main rigidity that

timber is usually found to be quicker and more

economical of labour.

2. Steel

 Steel stanchions and, particularly, steel needles are often

used for dead shoring.

 Tubular scaffolding is less frequently used for this

purpose.

 Although effective flying and raking shores can be

constructed with tubular scaffolding.

COMMON SITUATION WHERE SHORING MAY BE REQUIRED

ARE:

1. To give support to walls which are dangerous or are likely to become

unstable due to subsidence (sink bit by bit or fall away or collapse),

bulging (swelling of a surface cause by pressure from within or

below) or leaning.

2. To avoid failure of sound walls caused by the removal of subjacent

support such as where a basement is being constructed near to a

sound wall.

3. Shoring required during demolition works. Walls to give support to

an adjacent building or structure.

4. To support the upper part of wall during formation of a large opening

in the lower section of the wall.

5. To give support to a floor or roof to enable a support wall to be

removed and replaced by a beam.

BASIC SHORING SYSTEMS

SHORING
SYSTEMS

RAKING DEAD FLYING

SHORES SHORES SHORES

SINGLE RAKING SINGLE FLYING

SHORE SHORE

MULTIPLE RAKING
SHORE DOUBLE FLYING
SHORE
RAKING SHORES

 The purposed of raking shore is to prevent the over tuning of a wall.

In the case of a tilting or bulging wall, to force it back.

 This shoring arrangement transfers the floor and wall loads to the

ground by means of sloping struts or rakers.

 The rakers must position correctly so that the rakers are capable of

receiving maxima wall and floor loads.

 Centre line of raker should intersect with the centre lines of the wall

or floor bearing.

 One raker for each floor required and floor required and ideally

should be at an angle between 40’ and 0’ Practical purposes is 60’

with the horizontal – therefore the number of rakers – normally

limited to 3 rakers.

 If four storey building – an extra member called a ‘rider’ is added.

 A wall piece / wall plate, consisting of a 50 or 75mm deal, is fixed to

the wall by wall hooks driven in the joints of brickwork.

- the width of the wall plate is usually about 225mm

- the wall plate should be in one piece through out the

system, but if owing to the length (if not enough length) it is

necessary to join two pieces.

RAKING SHORES (Cont’d)

The operational sequence for erecting Raking Shoring:

1. Carry out a site investigation, to determine:

(i) Number of shore required (3.00m – 4.50m c/c)

(ii) Bearing capacity of soil and floors

(iii) Location of underground services – which may have to avoid

or bridged.

2. Fix wall plate – with wrought iron hook driven to brickwork.

3. Set out and cut holes for needles in external wall.

4. Excavate to a firm bearing subsoil and lay grillage platform and sole

plate (prepare platform).

5. Cut and erect rakers – start with bottom shore.

6. Fix cleat, distance piece and binding. If necessary can used cross

bracing.
DEAD SHORES

 Is used for temporarily supporting the upper parts of walls, the lower

parts of which are required to be removed, either in the process of

underpinning or reinstatement during repair, or for the purposed of

making large openings in the lower parts.

 Consist of a vertical prop / shore leg with a head plate, sole plate

and folding wedges adjustment purposes.

 Use two shore legs connected over their heads by a horizontal beam

or needle.

 The needle transfers the loads to the shore legs and to a solid

bearing surface / soil.

 The sole plate should be bedded continuously in mortar and be

sufficiently stiff to distribute the weight over its whole length.

DEAD SHORES (Cont’d)

The operational sequences for erecting dead shoring:

1. Carry out a site investigation, to determine:

(i) Number of shore required (2.00m c/c)

(ii) Bearing capacity of soil and floors

(iii) Location of underground services – which may have to

avoided or bridged.

2. Fix ceiling struts (between suitable head plate & sole plate to relieve

the wall from floor and roof loads). Fixed as close as possible to the

wall.

3. Strut all window opening to prevent movement or distortion of the

opening.

4. Cut holes through the wall slightly larger in size than the needle.

5. Cut holes through ceiling and floors for the shore legs.

6. Position and level sleepers on a fim base – removing paving if

necessary.

7. Erect shoring – wedge and secure shoring arrangements.

8. Leave the shoring in position for at least 7 days (after completion –

in order for the new work gained sufficient strength to be self-

supporting)
FLYING SHORES

 Fulfill the same functions as a raking shore – but have the

advantage of providing a clear working space.

 Flying shore can be used between any parallel walls, where one or

both show signs of failure, or where previous support, in the form of

floors, has been removed.

 Short span up to 9.00m (0 – 0.9m) usually have a single horizontal

member whereas the larger span require two horizontal shores (9-

12m).

 They are used mostly in urban areas, usually where one of a number

of terrace buildings is to be removed, to provide temporary support

to the buildings on either side.

 The site operation for the setting out and erection of a flying shoring

system are similar to those enumerated for raking shoring.

FLYING SHORES (Cont’d)

The operational sequences for erecting dead shoring:

1. Carry out a site investigation, to determine:

(i) Number of shore required (3.00m – 4.50m c/c)

(ii) Bearing capacity of soil and floors

(iv) Location of underground services – which may have to avoid

or bridged.

2. Fix wall plate on each wall, similar manner to those described for

raking shores, with needles fixed as bearings to the horizontal

timber.

3. Inclined struts at each end – in the line of the floors of the buildings.

4. Straining sill (150 x 75) nailed on the upper and lower side.

5. Shore rest upon the needles and a pair of folding wedges is inserted

at one end between the wall plate and the end of shore and driven

up tightly.

6. Fixed upper struts and then lower struts.