Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
DA1 Guia3 Compresión v1
DA1 Guia3 Compresión v1
1. De la siguiente columna
Perfil
Solución:
Caso 1:
KL 1000
= = 84.46
rx 11.84
Caso 2
L= 5 m
k=1 (columna rotulada en ambos extremos)
kL 1 ⋅ 500
λc = = = 66.49
ry 7.52
Límite:
E 2.1⋅ 10 6
4,71 = 4.71 =139.32
Fy 2400
Luego
Fy
Fcr = 0.658 Fe ⋅ Fy
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Fe = 2
= 2
= 2905.47( Kg / cm 2 )
( KL / r ) 84.46
Fy 2400
Fcr = 0.658 Fe
⋅ Fy = 0.658 2905.47
⋅ 2400
Fcr = 1698.48( Kg / cm ) 2
La resistencia nominal:
Pn = Ag * Fcr
Pn = 30.6 * 1698.48
Pn = 51973.5
Pu = φPn
Pu = 0.9 * 51973.52
Pu = 46776.17 Kg
46.77
Pmáx =
1.4
Pmáx = 33.4Ton
250X75X3
Caso 1: Caso 2:
2 250X75X3 2 250X75X3
Solución
Caso 1:
Pandeo Local
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Límite Æ λr = 1.4 = 1 .4 = 41.41
Fy 2400
Esbeltez Alas
b 150 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3
= = 46
t 3
Esbeltez Almas
b 250 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3
= = 79.33
t 3
Comparando
Alas → b/t = 46 > λr
Almas → b/t = 79.33 > λr
Q = Qs * Qa
Cálculo de Qa y Qs:
Luego
Q = Qa
Aeff
Qa =
A
Para alas
b E
> 1.4
e Fy
E⎡ 0.38 E⎤
→ bef = 1.92t ⎢1 − ⎥≤b
f ⎣ (b / t ) f ⎦
Para almas
Considerando f =Fy
b E E
Con > 1 .4 = 1 .4
e f Fy
E⎡ 0.38 E ⎤
bef = 1.92t ⎢1 − ⎥≤b
f ⎣⎢ (b / t ) f ⎦⎥
At = 25 ⋅ 15 − ( 24.4 ⋅ 14.4)
At = 23.64 cm 2
Luego
Aeff 17.59
Qa = = = 0.744
A 23.64
Æ Q = 0.744
Cálculo Fcr
Cálculo esbeltez en x
Inercia
15 ⋅ 25 3 14.4 ⋅ 24.4 3
Ix = −
12 12
I x = 2099 .11cm 4
Radio de giro:
Ix 2099.11
rx = =
A 23.64
r x = 9.42 cm
Reemplazando
KL 1⋅ 400
= = 42.46
rx 9.42
Cálculo esbeltez en y
Inercia
15 3 ⋅ 25 14.4 3 ⋅ 24.4
Iy = −
12 12
I y = 959.75cm 4
Radio de giro:
Iy 959.75
ry = =
A 23.64
r y = 6.37 cm
Reemplazando
KL 1⋅ 400
= = 62.79
ry 6.37
KL
Se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 62.79 por ser la más crítica.
ry
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1⋅ 10 6
Fe = =
(KL / r ) 2 62.79 2
Fe = 5257(Kg / cm 2 )
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Límite Æ 4.71 = 4.71 = 161.52
Q ⋅ Fy 0.744 ⋅ 2400
Comparando
KL E ⎛ Q Fy
⎞ ⎛ 0.744⋅2400
⎞
≤ 4.71 → Fcr = Q ⎜ 0.658 Fe ⎟Fy = 0.744⎜ 0.658 5257 ⎟ ⋅ 2400 = 1548.97
r Q ⋅ Fy ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Æ Fcr = 1548.97 (Kg/cm2)
Pu ≤ φC ⋅ Pn
1.4 ⋅ Pp ≤ . 0.9 ⋅ 36617 .65
Pmáx ≤ 23539 .92 Kg
Caso 2:
Pandeo Local
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Alma → λr = 1.49 = 1.49 = 44.07
Fy 2400
Esbeltez Alas
b 75 − 2 ⋅ 3
= = 23
t 3
Esbeltez Almas
b 250 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3
= = 39.67
t 6
Q = Qs*Qa
Cálculo de Qa y Qs:
Qa = 1
Luego
Q = Qs
Si:
E b E
0.56 < < 1.03 →16.57 < 23 < 30.47
Fy e Fy
Luego
⎛ b ⎞ Fy 2400
Qs =1.415 − 0.74 ⎜ ⎟ = 1.415 − 0.74 ⋅ 23 ⋅ = 0.84
⎝ e⎠ E 2.1⋅ 10 6
Qs = 0.84
El factor de reducción Q:
Q = Qs = 0.84
Æ Q = 0.84
Cálculo Fcr
Inercia mínima:
15 3 ⋅ 0.3 24.4 ⋅ 0.6 3
I= ⋅2+
12 12
4
I = 169.189 cm
Radio de giro:
I min 169.189
rmin = =
A 23.64
r = 2.68 cm
Reemplazando
KL 1⋅ 400
= = 149.25
r 2.68
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1⋅ 10 6
Fe = =
(KL / r ) 2 149.25 2
Fe = 930.44(Kg / cm 2 )
E 2.1⋅ 10 6
Límite Æ 4.71 = 4.71 = 152.015
Q ⋅ Fy 0.84 ⋅ 2400
Comparando
KL E
≤ 4.71
r Q ⋅ Fy
⎛ Q Fy
⎞ ⎛ 0.84⋅2400
⎞
Fcr = Q ⎜ 0.658 Fe ⎟Fy = 0.84⎜ 0.658 930.44 ⎟ ⋅ 2400 = 814.03
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Æ Fcr = 814.03 (Kg/cm2)
Datos:
Perfil HN30X73.9
•
Ix = 16300 cm4
•
Iy = 5400 cm4
•
A = 94.1 cm2
•
rx = 13.2 cm
•
ry = 7.58 cm
Solución
kC E 0.681 ⋅ 2.1⋅ 10 6
Ala → λr = 0.64 = 0.64 = 14.73
Fy 2700
4 4
kC = = = 0.681 Æ 0.35<0.681<0.76
h tw 27.6 0.8
kC=0.681
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Alma → λr = 1.49 = 1.49 = 41.55
Fy 2700
Esbeltez Ala
b 15
= = 12.5
t 1.2
Esbeltez Alma
h 27.6
= = 34.5
t 0. 8
Por lo tanto
Ala → b/t = 12.5 < λr =14.73 → No existe posibilidad de pandeo local
Alma → h/t = 34.5 < λr = 41.55→ No existe posibilidad de pandeo local
En eje x-x
L= 3 m
k=0.65 (columna empotrada en ambos extremos)
kL 0.65 ⋅ 300
λc = = = 14.77
rx 13.2
En eje y-y
L= 3 m
k=0.65 (columna empotrada en ambos extremos)
kL 0.65 ⋅ 300
λc = = = 25.73
ry 7.58
Límite de esbeltez:
E 2.1⋅ 10 6
4,71 = 4.71 =131.36
Fy 2700
KL
= 25.73
r
25.73 ≤ 131.36
Luego
Fy
Fcr = 0.658 Fe
⋅ Fy
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1⋅ 10 6
Fe = = = 31306 .86(Kg / cm 2 )
(KL / r ) 2 25.73 2
Donde:
Fy 2700
Fcr = 0.658 Fe ⋅ Fy = 0.658 31306.867 ⋅ 2700 = 2604.28
Fcr = 2604.28(Kg / cm 2 )
⎡ π 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Cw ⎤ 1
Fe = ⎢ + GJ ⎥
⎦⎥ Ix + Iy
2
⎣⎢ (K z L )
E 2.1⋅ 10 6
G= = = 807692 .31 (Kg / cm 2 )
2(1 + υ ) 2 ⋅ (1 + 0.3)
Reemplazando
⎡π 2 ⋅ E ⋅ C w ⎤ 1 ⎡ π 2 ⋅ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 1119744 ⎤ 1
Fe = ⎢ + GJ ⎥ = ⎢ + 807692.31 ⋅ 39,27⎥ =
⎦ Ix + Iy ⎣ (0.5 ⋅ 300) ⎦ 16300 + 5400
2 2
⎣ ( K z L)
Fe = 48994,7( Kg / cm 2 )
Cálculo de Fcr
KL
Se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 25.73 por ser la más crítico
ry
Para
KL E
= 25.73 ≤ 4.71 = 131.36
ry Fy
Se tiene
Fy
Fcr = 0.658 Fe
⋅ Fy
Luego
Fy 2700
Fcry = 0.658 Fe
⋅ Fy = 0.658 47678, 94
⋅ 2700 = 2636,76
Fcry = 2636,76( Kg / cm ) 2
La resistencia nominal:
Pn = Ag * Fcr
Pn = 94,1 * 2604,28
Pn = 245062,748Kg
Solución:
Propiedades de la columna:
A = 2.2*65*2+0.8*45.6 = 322.48
A = 322.48 cm2
Ix 169802 .66
rx = = = 22.94 cm
A 322.48
Iy 100697 .78
ry = = = 17.67 cm
A 322.48
kC E 0.529 ⋅ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Ala → λ r = 0.64 = 0.64 =13.77
Fy 2400
4 4
kC = = = 0.529
h tw 45.6 0.8
kC =0.529
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Alma → λr = 1.49 = 1.49 = 44.07
Fy 2400
Esbeltez Ala
b 32.5
= = 14.77
t 2. 2
Esbeltez Alma
h 45.6
= = 57
t 0. 8
Comparando
Ala → b/t =14.77> λr=13.77 Posibilidad de pandeo local
Alma → h/t =57 > λr =44.07 Posibilidad de pandeo local
Q = Qs Qa
Qa= 1
Determinación Qs
Si:
E ⋅ kC b E ⋅ kC
0.64 < < 1.17 → 13.76 < 14.77 < 25.17
Fy e Fy
Luego
⎛ b⎞ Fy 2400
Qs = 1.415 − 0.65 ⎜ ⎟ = 1.415 − 0.65 ⋅ 14.77 ⋅ = 0.969
⎝ e ⎠ E ⋅ kC 2.1⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 0.529
Qs = 0.969
Q = Qs Qa
Qs= 1
3900 169802.66
+
Σ Ic/Lc
GB = = 400 500 = 1.96
Σ A ⋅ Ig/Lg 30500 30500
+
300 400
Cálculo KL/r
KL 0.82 ⋅ 500
= = 139.46
rX 22.94
Cálculo KL/r
KL 0.79 ⋅ 500
= = 22.35
ry 17.67
KL
Por lo tanto se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 139.46 por ser la más crítica
ry
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1⋅ 10 6
Fe = = = 1062.76
(KL / r ) 2 139.46 2
Fe = 1062 .76 (Kg / cm 2 )
E 2.1⋅ 10 6
Límite Æ 4.71 = 4.71 = 139.32
Fy 2400
Comparando
KL E
> 4.71
r Fy
Entonces
f = 932.04 (Kg/cm2)
b E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Con = 57 ≥ 1.49 = 1.49 = 70.73
t f 932.04
E ⎡ 0.34 E⎤
be = 1.92t * ⎢1 − * ⎥≤b
f ⎣ b/t f ⎦
Área total
At = 322.48 cm 2
Área efectiva
Ae = 322.48 cm 2
Luego
Aeff 322.48
Qa = = =1
A 322.48
Finalmente
Q = QS ⋅ Qa = 0.969 ⋅ 1 = 0.969
Determinación Fcr
Eje fuerte:
Radio de giro:
r X = 22.94 cm
KL
= 139.46
rX
Eje débil:
Radio de giro:
r y = 17.67 cm
KL 0.79 ⋅ 500
= = 22.35
ry 17.67
KL
Se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 139.46 por ser la más crítica
rx
Fe = 1062 .76 (Kg / cm 2 )
E 2.1⋅ 10 6
LímiteÆ 4.71 = 4.71 = 141.53
QFy 0.969 ⋅ 2400
Comparando
KL E
≤ 4.71
r QFy
⎛ Q Fy
⎞ ⎛ 0.969⋅2400
⎞
Fcr =Q ⎜ 0.658 Fe ⎟Fy = 0.969⎜ 0.658 1062.76 ⎟ ⋅ 2400 = 930.60
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Fcr = 930.60 (Kg/cm2)
Pu = φ ⋅ Pn
Pu =. 0.9 ⋅ 300099.88
Pu = 270089.9 Kg
Pmáx = 192,92Ton
Pn
Pa ≤
ΩC
300099.88
Pa ≤ .
1.67
Pa = 179700,53Kg
Pmáx = 179,7Ton
PLANTA SECCIÓN C1
Nivel +4.0
Nivel +7.5
Solución:
Propiedades de la columna:
A = 128.8cm 2
Ix = 47346cm 4
Iy = 12802cm 4
rx = 19.17cm
ry = 9.97cm
Cálculo de K
Elevación eje 2
GB= 1
47346 47346
+
GA = 400 350 = 1.32
48200
⋅2
500
K = 1.35
Elevación eje B
GB = 1
12802 12802
+
G A = 400 350 = 1.36
48200
1.5 ⋅ ⋅2
400
K = 0.67
kC E 0.558 ⋅ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Ala → λ r = 0.64 = 0.64 =13.34
Fy 2700
4 4
kC = = = 0.558
h tw 42 0.8
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Alma → λ r = 1.49 = 1.49 = 41.55
Fy 2700
Esbeltez Ala
b 20
= = 16.67
t 1.2
Esbeltez Alma
h 41
= = 51.52
t 0.8
Comparando
Ala → b/t > λr Posibilidad de pandeo local
Alma → h/t > λr Posibilidad de pandeo local
Elemento no atiesado
Q = Qs Qa
Qa= 1
⎛ b⎞ Fy ⎛ 20 ⎞ 2700
Qs =1.415 − 0.65 ⎜ ⎟ = 1.415 − 0.65 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⋅ = 0.895
⎝ e ⎠ E ⋅ kC ⎝ 1.2 ⎠ 2.1⋅ 10 ⋅ 0.558
6
Qs = 0.895
Elemento atiesado
Qs=1
KL 1.35 ⋅ 400
= = 28.17
rX 19.17
KL 0.67 ⋅ 400
= = 26.88
ry 9.97
KL
Por lo tanto se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 28.17 por ser la más crítica
r
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Fe = = = 26118.3
( KL / r ) 2 28.17 2
Fe = 26118.3 ( Kg / cm 2 )
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Límite Æ 4.71 = 4.71 = 131.36
Fy 2700
Comparando
KL E ⎛ Fy
⎞ ⎛ 2700
⎞
≤ 4.71 ⎜ Fe ⎟ ⎜
→ Fcr = ⎜ 0.658 ⎟ Fy = ⎜ 0.658 26118.3 ⎟
r Fy ⎟ ⋅ 2700 = 2585.7
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
Æ Fcr = 2585.7 (Kg/cm )
Entonces
f = Fcr= 2585.7(Kg/cm2)
b 41 E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Con = = 51.25 ≥ 1.49 = 1.49 = 42.46
t 0.8 f 2585.7
E ⎡ 0.34 E⎤
be = 1.92t * ⎢1 − * ⎥≤b
f ⎣ b/t f ⎦
Área total
At = 128.8 cm 2
Área efectiva
Ae = 35.5 * 0.8 + 40 * 1.2 * 2 = 124.4
Ae = 124.4 cm 2
Luego
Aeff 124.4
Qa = = = 0,966
A 128.8
Finalmente
Q = QS ⋅ Qa = 0.966 ⋅ 0.895 = 0.864
KL
se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 28.17 por ser la más crítica
r
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
LímiteÆ 4.71 = 4.71 = 141.32
QFy 0.864 ⋅ 2700
Comparando
KL E
≤ 4.71
r QFy
⎛ Q Fy
⎞ ⎛ 0.864⋅2700
⎞
⎜
Fcr =Q ⎜ 0.658 Fe ⎟ ⎜ 26118.3 ⎟
⎟ Fy = 0.864⎜ 0.658 ⎟ ⋅ 2700 = 2247.2
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
Fcr = 2247.2 (Kg/cm )
Losas: 0,18*2500*20=9000 kg
Vigas: 90,7*(4+5)=816.3kg
Entonces 9000+816.3=9816.3kg
1.2D+1.6L= 0.9*289439.6
1.2*19633+1.6L=260495.6
L=148085Kg
L 148085
QSC = = = 3702.13KG
ATRIB * Npisos 20 * 2
Datos:
A= 5.93cm2
Ix=13,7cm4
Xg= Yg= 1,39cm
rx= 1,52cm
ry= 2,01cm
Solución:
Alas no atiesadas:
E 2.1x10 6
λr = 0.45 = 0.45 ⋅ = 12.55
Fy 2700
Luego:
b
λr < → Posibilidad de pandeo local
e
Pandeo Local
Cálculo de Qa y Qs:
Si:
E b E
0.45 < < 0.91 → 12.55 < 16.67 < 25.38
Fy e Fy
Luego
⎛ b ⎞ Fy 2700
Qs = 1.34 − 0.76 ⎜ ⎟ = 1.34 − 0.76 ⋅ 16.67 ⋅ = 0.886
⎝ e⎠ E 2.1⋅ 10 6
Qs = 0.886
El factor de reducción Q:
Q = Qs Qa = 0.886 x 1 = 0.886
Q = 0.886
Cálculo de Fcr
En eje x-x
KL 1 ⋅ 280
= = 184,21
r 1.52
En eje y-y
KL 1 ⋅ 280
= =139.03
r 2.01
KL
Se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 184.21 por ser la más crítica
rx
En eje x-x
KL E 1⋅ 280 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
> 4.71 → > 4.71 →184.21 >139.55
r Q ⋅ Fy 1.52 0.886 ⋅ 2700
Fcr = 0.877Fe
π2E π 2 2.1⋅ 10 6
Fe = = = 610.79 (Kg / cm 2 )
(KL / r ) 2 184.212
Cálculo de Fcrz
GJ
Fcrz =
Ag r 02
2 2 Ix + Iy
r02 = x0 + y o +
Ag
Iy = 2 * 7,03 + 2,85 * (0,3 + 1,39) 2 * 2
Iy = 30,34cm 4
Ix = 13,7cm 4 ( Dato)
x0 = 0
y 0 = 1,39 − 0,3 / 2 = 1,24cm
2 13,7 + 30,34
r0 = 0 + 1,24 2 + = 8,964
5,93
Xo 2 + Yo 2 1,24 2
H = 1− 2
= 1− = 0,828
ro 8,964
Reemplazando
G = 772000kg / cm 2
2 * b1 * e 3
J un perfil= = 0,0873cm 4
3
→ J = 2 * 0.0873
J = 0.175cm 4
GJ 772000 * 0.175
Fcrz = 2
= = 2535.74 ( Kg / cm 2 )
Ag r0 5.93 * 8.964
Cálculo Fcry
⎞⎡
⎛ Fcry + Fcrz 4 Fcry Fcrz H ⎤ ⎛ 1132.99 + 2535.74 ⎞ ⎡ 4 ⋅ 1132.99 ⋅ 2535.74 ⋅ 0.829 ⎤
Fcr = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
⎝ 2H ⎠ ⎣⎢ ( Fcry + Fcrz ) 2 ⎥⎦ ⎝ 2 ⋅ 0.828 ⎠ ⎣⎢ (1132.99 + 2535.74)2 ⎦⎥
Fcr = 1016.124 ( Kg / cm 2 )
Æ Fcr=535.66 (kg/cm2)
H= 65mm
B= 130mm
e= 8mm
A=19,7cm2
Ix= 75 cm4
X0= -1,49 cm
Β= 0,835
J= 4,16 cm4
rx= 1,95 cm
ry= 3,01 cm (con separación de 8 mm)
Solución
Debido a que el perfil es compacto no hay pandeo local, por lo tanto se analizará
pandeo por flexión y por flexo-torsión.
A= 9,76 cm2
Ix= 38,285 cm4
Iy= 38,285 cm4
rx= ry= 1,98 cm
En torno al eje x
⎛ KL ⎞ 1 ⋅ 300
⎜ ⎟ = = 153,85
⎝ r ⎠ 0 1,95
h 0
α= = =0
2 rib 2 ⋅ 1.98
2
⎛ KL ⎞ ⎛ KL ⎞ α 2
⎛a ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ + 0.82 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 153,85 2 + 0
⎝ r ⎠m ⎝ r ⎠o (1 + α ) 2 ⎝ rib ⎠
⎛ KL ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 153,85
⎝ r ⎠m
En torno al eje y
⎛ KL ⎞ 1 ⋅ 300
⎜ ⎟ = = 99,67
⎝ r ⎠ 0 3,01
h 11,836
α= = = 2,989
2 rib 2 ⋅ 1,98
2 2
⎛ KL ⎞ ⎛ KL ⎞ α2 ⎛ a ⎞ 2,989 2 ⎛ 50 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ + 0. 82 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 153,85 2 + 0,82 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ r ⎠m ⎝ r ⎠o (1 + α ) 2 ⎝ rib ⎠ 1 + 2,989 2 ⎝ 1,98 ⎠
⎛ KL ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 102
⎝ r ⎠m
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Límite esbeltez Æ 4.71 = 4.71 = 131.36
Fy 2700
⎛ KL ⎞ E
→⎜ ⎟ = 153,85 > 4.71 = 131.36
⎝ r ⎠m Fy
FCR = 0.877 ⋅ Fe
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
Fe = 2
= 2
= 875,64( Kg / cm 2 )
( KL / r ) 153,85
Fcr = 0,877 * 875,64
Fcr = 767,93( Kg / cm 2 )
Pn = Fcr * Ag
Pn = 767,93 *19,7 = 15128,22 Kg
2 2 Ix + Iy
r02 = x0 + y o +
Ag
Iy = 2 * 38,285 + 9,76 * (1,918 + 0,4) 2 * 2
Iy = 181,45cm 4
Ix = 75cm 4 ( Dato)
x0 = 0
y 0 = 19,18 − 8 / 2 = 1,518cm
2 75 + 181,45
r0 = 0 + 1,518 2 + = 15,322
19,7
G = 772000 ( Kg / cm 2 )
J = 4,16
772000 * 4,16
Fcrz = = 10639,69( Kg / cm 2 )
19,7 *15,322
X o2 + Yo2 0 + 1,518 2
H = 1− = 1 − = 0.85
ro2 19,7
Pn = 15128,22 Kg
Pu = 0.9 * 15128,22 = 13615,40 Kg
13615,40
Pmáx =
1,4
Pmáx diseño = 9,725Ton
OBS: La carga que se pide en el enunciado es la carga P vertical que le llega a la cercha,
por lo tanto para determinarla se debe realizar el análisis estructural de dicha cercha.
Del análisis estructural se tiene:
Solución:
xcg = y cg = 2.72cm
Ix = Iy = 114.39cm 4
A = 11.64cm 2
rx = ry = 3.14cm
A = 11.64 * 4 = 46.56cm 2
( )
Iy = 114.39 + 11.64 * (14 − 2.72) 2 * 4 = 6381.78cm 4
Ix
rx = = 15.6cm
A
Iy
ry = = 11.7cm
A
Eje x:
L = 400 cm
K =1
L = 400cm
K * L 1 * 400
= = 25.64
rx 15.6
Eje y:
K =1
L = 200cm
K * L 1 * 200
= = 17.09cm
r 11.7
Se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor, debido a que es más critica. En este caso es el
eje x.
2 2
⎛ KL ⎞ ⎛ KL ⎞ α2 ⎛ a ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 0.82 * * ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ rx ⎠ m ⎝ rx ⎠ 1+α 2 ⎝ rib ⎠
h
α=
2 * rib
h = 36 − 2.72 * 2
h = 30.56cm
30.56
α= = 4.87
2 * 3.14
2
⎛ KL ⎞ 4.87 2 ⎛ 35 ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 25 .64 2 + 0.82 * *⎜ ⎟
⎝ rx ⎠ m 1 + 4.87 2 ⎝ 3.14 ⎠
⎛ KL ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 27 .48
⎝ rx ⎠ m
E
Limite de esbeltez: 4.71
Fy
2.1 * 10 6
→ 4.71 * = 139.32
2400
Por lo tanto:
Fy
Fcr = 0.658 Fe * Fy
π 2 * 2.1 ⋅10 6
Fe = = 27446 .41 Kg
27.48 2
cm 2
2400
Fcr = 0.658 27446 .41 * 2400
Fcr = 2313 .75 Kg 2
cm
Pn = A * Fcr
Pn = 4 *11.64 * 2313 .75
Pn = 107728 .2 Kg
Pu ≤ 0.9 * Pn
1.4 P max ≤ 69253.84 Kg
→ P max = 69.25Ton
150X50X4
β=60º
Solución
I 20.83
r y= = = 1.47 cm
A 9.68
I 11054.06
r= = = 23.89 cm
A 2 ⋅ 9.68
⎛ KL ⎞ 1⋅ 800
⎜ ⎟ = = 33.47 cm
⎝ r ⎠ 0 23.89
2 2
⎛ KL ⎞ ⎛ KL ⎞ α2 ⎛ a ⎞ 16.22 2 ⎛ 100 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ + 0.82 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 33.47 2 + 0.82 ⋅⎜ ⎟
⎝ r ⎠m ⎝ r ⎠o (1 + α ) 2 ⎝ r ib ⎠ (1 + 16.22) 2 ⎝ 1.47 ⎠
⎛ KL ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 66.99
⎝ r ⎠m
- Pandeo General eje x-x
IT = 2 I X = 2 ⋅ 308.66
IT = 617.32 cm 4
I 617.32
r= = = 5.65 cm
A 2 ⋅ 9.68
⎛ KL ⎞ 1⋅ 800
⎜ ⎟= = 141.59 cm
⎝ r ⎠ 5.65
KL
Se trabaja con la esbeltez mayor = 141.59 por ser la más crítico
ry
E 2.1 ⋅ 10 6
LímiteÆ 4.71 = 4.71 = 131.36
Fy 2700
Para
⎛ KL ⎞ E
⎜ ⎟ = 141.59 > 4.71 = 131.36
⎝ r ⎠ Fy
Se tiene
FCR = 0.877 ⋅ Fe
Cálculo de Fe
π 2E π 2 ⋅ 2.1⋅ 10 6
Fe = 2
= 2
= 901.94(Kg / cm 2 )
(KL / r ) 151.59
Luego
Fcr = 0.877 ⋅ Fe = 0.877 ⋅ 901.94
Fcr = 791(Kg / cm 2 )
.Pn=791*9.78
Pn=7656.88
Pmáx=4.9Ton