Mekanika Fluida

Kuliah Mekanika Fluida

Gaya pada bidang terendam

Ir. Djoko Luknanto, M.Sc., Ph.D.

3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 1

Bidang Datar
muka air O „ Gaya pada pintu: dF = p dA
„ p harus terbagi merata
h „ p tekanan hidrostatika
h0 p
y „ p = hγ
F = Ap0
„ p = (y sin α) γ
dy
y0 x
dA dF = γ sin α × ydA
pintu air/benda G yP
terendam air F = ∫ dF = γ sin α ∫ ydA
P = γ sin α × Ay0 = ( y0 sin α )γ × A
α
= h0γ × A
F = p0 × A
y „ y0 = jarak pusat berat pintu (G
(G)
„ p0 = tekanan hidrostatika di G
„ A = luas pintu
y0 =
∫ ydA = ∫ ydA
„ ∫ ydA = momen statis bidang A
„ yP = jarak pusat tekanan pintu (P
(P) ∫ dA A
3/14/2005 2

Djoko Luknanto 1
 Mekanika Fluida

Besar dan Pusat Gaya

„ Besar Gaya „ Pusat Gaya
dF = γ sin α × ydA Fy P = ∫ ydF = ∫ ypdA
F = ∫ dF = γ sin α ∫ ydA
= ∫ yhγdA = γ ∫ y ( y sin α )dA
= γ sin α × Ay0 = ( y0 sin α )γ × A
= γ sin α ∫ y 2 dA
= h0γ × A = p0 × A
F = p0 × A γ sin α ∫ y 2 dA γ sin α ∫ y 2 dA
yP = =
y0 =
∫ ydA = ∫ ydA F Ap0
γ sin α ∫ y dA 2
∫ y dA = I
2
∫ dA A
= =
A( y0 sin α )γ Ay0 S
„ F = besar gaya hidrostatika 2
I 0 + Ay0 I
„ h0 = jarak vertikal pusat berat pintu (G
(G) = = y0 + 0
Ay0 S
„ y0 = jarak pusat berat pintu (G
(G)
yP = jarak pusat tekanan pintu (P
(P) I0
„ y P = y0 +
„ ∫ ydA = momen statis bidang A S
„ ∫ y2dA = momen inersia bidang A
3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 3

Segi 4: Luas dan Momen Statis

y „ Luas:
y =+ h / 2 y =+ h / 2

∫ dA = ∫ bdy = b[ y ]
+h / 2
A= −h / 2 = bh
dy y =− h / 2 y =− h / 2
dA = bdy
x
„ Pusat Berat:
h y =+ h / 2 y =+ h / 2

Ay0 = ∫ ydA = ∫ bydy

y =− h / 2 y =− h / 2
+h / 2
⎡1 ⎤ ⎡1 1 ⎤
= b⎢ y 2 ⎥ = b⎢ h2 − h2 ⎥ = 0
b ⎣ 2 ⎦ −h / 2 ⎣8 8 ⎦
y0 = 0
3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 4

Djoko Luknanto 2
 Mekanika Fluida

Segi 4: Momen Inersia di Pusat Berat

y
„ Momen Inersia thd sb-x:
y =+ h / 2 y =+ h / 2

I0 = ∫ y dA = ∫ by dy
2 2

dy y =− h / 2 y =− h / 2
dA = bdy +h / 2
⎡1 ⎤
= b⎢ y 3 ⎥
x
h
⎣ 3 ⎦ −h / 2
⎡1 1 ⎤
= b⎢ h3 + h3 ⎥
⎣ 24 24 ⎦
b 1
I 0 = bh 3
12
3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 5

Segi 4: Momen Inersia Ix

y „ G pusat berat segi 4
„ Momen Inersia Ix
y = y0 + h / 2 y0 + h / 2
⎡1 ⎤
Ix = ∫ y dA = b⎢⎣ 3 y
2 3
dy ⎥
y = y0 − h / 2 ⎦ y0 − h / 2
dA = bdy
b ⎡⎛ ⎤
3 3
h⎞ ⎛ h⎞
= ⎢⎜ y0 − ⎟ − ⎜ y0 − ⎟ ⎥
h 3 ⎢⎣⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎥⎦
G
b ⎡⎛ 3 3hy0 3h 2 y0 h 3 ⎞ ⎛ 3 3hy0 3h 2 y0 h 3 ⎞⎤
2 2
= ⎢⎜⎜ y0 + + + ⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜ y0 − + − ⎟⎟⎥
3 ⎣⎢⎝ 2 4 8⎠ ⎝ 2 4 8 ⎠⎦⎥
y0 b ⎡ 3hy0
2
h 3 3hy0
2
h3 ⎤
= ⎢ + + + ⎥
3⎣ 2 8 2 8⎦
b 1 2
I x = bh 3 + bhy0
12
2
x I x = I 0 + Ay0

3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 6

Djoko Luknanto 3
 Mekanika Fluida

Segitiga
1
„ Luas: A = bh
2
1
„ Pusat Berat: y0 = h
h
3
G
h/3
„ Momen Inersia, I0
b/2 b/2
1 3
I0 = bh
36
3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 7

Lingkaran
1
„ Luas: A = πD 2
4
1
„ Pusat Berat: y 0 = D
G
D 2
r

„ Momen Inersia, I0
1
I0 = πD 4
64
3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 8

Djoko Luknanto 4
 Mekanika Fluida

Setengah Lingkaran
1 2
„ Luas: A = πr
2
r 4r
„ Pusat Berat: y0 =
3π
y0 G

„ Momen Inersia, I0

I 0 = 0,1102r 4
3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 9

Bidang Lengkung
muka air D C „ Gaya dF selalu tegak lurus
bidang kontak dA
h „ Nilai dF = hγ dA
dF dFy „ Komponen x-y bid. kontak
α
α B dAx = dA cos α
dFx dA dAy = dA sin α
„ Komponen x-y gaya dF
dFy = hγ dA cos α
A
dFx = hγ dA sin α

3/14/2005 Jack la Motta 10

Djoko Luknanto 5
 Mekanika Fluida

Gaya pada bidang lengkung

muka air D Ax C „ Komponen x gaya dF
dFx= dF sin α
= hγ dA sin α
Fy
h
h0 dF dFy
= γ hdAy
Fx = γ ∫hdAy = γ h0Ay
Ay
α
α B
dFx dA
G „ Komponen y gaya dF
ϕ
dFy= dF cos α
Fx A = hγ dA cos α
F
= γ hdAx
Fy = γ ∫hdAx = γ V
2 2
F = Fx + Fy
Fy
ϕ = arctan
3/14/2005 Fx Jack la Motta 11

Djoko Luknanto 6