Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
SP2 GrammarReference
SP2 GrammarReference
She’s 14. Tiene 14 años. singular There’s a TV. There isn’t a cinema.
• Para formar el negativo, se añade not después de be. plural There are some CDS. There aren’t any books.
Normalmente se contrae not (n’t).
( ).
interrogativa respuestas cortas interrogativa respuestas cortas
3 I / read / film blogs 4 your brother and sister / go to the cinema / ? (✓)
4 My friends / not go / to the cinema 5 they / have lots of films on this channel / ? (✓)
3 Write present continuous questions and short Countable and uncountable nouns
answers about the people in the table.
6 Tick the correct column.
visit the mall study grammar
Pablo ✗ ✓ countable uncountable
• Was y were son las formas del pasado simple del Yes, I / he / she / it was.
Was I / he / she / it friendly?
verbo be. No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.
He was a tennis player. Era tenista. Yes, we / you / they were.
Were we / you / they friendly?
They weren’t actors. No eran actores. No, we / you / they weren’t.
Pasado simple: afirmativa y negativa
• Para formular preguntas con el verbo be en pasado,
afirmativa se utiliza was/were antes del sujeto.
I / You / He / She / It / We / They lived in Paris.
Was he a champion? ¿Era campeón?
• En las respuestas cortas, se utiliza yes/no y se repite
• El pasado simple se utiliza para expresar el verbo.
acontecimientos y acciones finalizados en el pasado. A: Was he a champion? B: Yes, he was.
We played basketball yesterday. A: ¿Era campeón? B: Sí.
She went to the theatre school. • Para formular preguntas informativas, se pone la
Ayer jugamos a baloncesto. partícula interrogativa de tipo Wh- delante de was/
Fue a la escuela de teatro. were.
Where was she born? ¿Dónde nació?
Pasado simple: ortografía
Pasado simple: interrogativas
verbos regulares añadir -ed
want – wanted stay – stayed (partícula did sujeto infinitivo
interrogativa)
verbos acabados añadir -d
en -e like – liked live – lived I / you
verbos acabados eliminar la -y y añadir -ied – Did he / she / it agree?
en consonante copy – copied study – studied we / you / they
+ -y What did you decide?
verbos acabados doblar la consonante final y añadir -ed
en consonante + shop – shopped stop – stopped respuestas cortas
vocal + consonante Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they did.
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they didn’t.
• Algunos verbos son irregulares en el pasado simple y
no siguen ningún patrón. • Las preguntas en pasado simple se formulan con did +
do – did get – got have – had sujeto + infinitivo. Did no cambia.
hacer – hizo obtener – obtuvo tener – tuvo Did it rain yesterday? ¿Llovió, ayer?
• Ver la lista de verbos irregulares en la página 128. • Para formular preguntas informativas, se pone la
• Con el pasado simple se pueden utilizar expresiones partícula interrogativa de tipo Wh- delante de did.
como yesterday, last night, last week, last Where did you get your trainers?
weekend y last summer. ¿Dónde te compraste las zapatillas?
I got a new laptop yesterday.
Ayer me compré un ordenador portátil nuevo. ago
• Se utiliza ago con el pasado simple y con un periodo de
sujeto didn’t infinitivo otras palabras tiempo para hablar de cuándo pasó algo en el pasado.
I / You / He / Ago se pone después del periodo de tiempo.
didn’t watch TV last night. I started this school three years ago.
She / It / We /
didn’t grow up in London.
You / They Empecé en este colegio hace tres años.
ago
was/were: questions 7 Put the words in the correct order.
1 We / two days / played / ago / football
4 Write questions with was and were. We played football two days ago.
1 Where / she born
2 a few minutes / saw / I / ago / her
Where was she born ?
2 What / her first film
3 ago / finished / an hour / She / her homework
?
3 What / her favourite subjects at school
4 made / ago / a long time / He / a film
?
4 you / interested in acting at school
5 was / two months / ago / My birthday
?
5 your father / a film director
6 in Italy / We / ago / were / two weeks
?
Grammar practice 107
Grammar reference
Unit 4 Pasado simple y pasado continuo
• Se utiliza el pasado continuo para hablar de una
Pasado continuo: afirmativa, negativa e
acción continuada que se está produciendo en el
interrogativa
pasado. El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de
afirmativa negativa una acción puntual que interrumpe otra acción
continuada. Normalmente se utiliza when antes del
I was reading. I wasn’t working.
pasado simple y while antes del pasado continuo.
He / She / It was reading. He / She / It wasn’t working. I was talking to my mum when I heard the news.
We / You / They were We / You / They weren’t Estaba hablando con mi madre cuando oí las
reading. working. noticias.
I heard the news while I was talking to my mum.
(partícula be sujeto verbo +
interrogativa) ing
Oí las noticias mientras estaba hablando con mi
madre.
– Was I running?
could/couldn’t
– Was he / she / it falling?
– Were we jumping? afirmativa negativa
– Were you watching? I / You / He / I / You / He /
could swim couldn’t use
– Were they playing? She / It / We / She / It / We /
50 metres. a computer.
You / They You / They
What were you climbing?
Who was she chasing? interrogativa respuestas cortas
respuestas cortas afirmativa negativa
I was. I wasn’t. Could I / you /
Yes, I / you / he / No, I / you / he /
he / she / it /
Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t. she / it / we / you / she / it / we / you /
we / you / they
we / you / they were. we / you / they weren’t. they could. they couldn’t.
use a computer?
• Se utiliza el pasado continuo para hablar de una • Se utiliza could/couldn’t para hablar de la capacidad
acción continuada que se está produciendo en el y la posibilidad en pasado.
pasado. Las frases afirmativas se forman con sujeto + When I was five I could swim 20 metres.
was/were + verbo + -ing.
Cuando tenía cinco años podía nadar 20 metros.
He was running to school. Corría hacia el colegio.
He couldn’t call earlier because he was in a meeting.
• Para formar el negativo, se pone n’t (not) después de
was/were y antes del verbo + -ing. Normalmente No pudo llamar antes porque estaba en una
not se contrae. reunión.
They weren’t walking quickly. No caminaban deprisa. • Could tiene siempre la misma forma. La tercera
• En las preguntas se utiliza was/were + sujeto + persona (he/she/it) no termina en -s.
verbo + -ing. He couldn’t speak three languages.
Were you watching TV in bed last night? No sabía hablar tres idiomas.
¿Estabas mirando la tele en la cama, anoche? • Para formular preguntas se cambia el orden de las
• En las respuestas cortas no se utiliza verbo + -ing. palabras.
Yes, he was. (x Yes, he was talking.) Sí. Could you speak English at the age of five?
• Para formular preguntas se pone la partícula ¿Cuando tenías cinco años sabías hablar inglés?
interrogativa de tipo Wh- antes de be.
What were you doing at 8 pm yesterday?
¿Qué hacías ayer a las 8 de la tarde?
should/shouldn’t
2 Complete the sentences with the correct
5 Complete the sentences with should or
shouldn’t and the verbs in the box.
comparative form of the adjectives in
brackets. forget go (x2) leave stay wear
1 My house is smaller than your house. (small)
2 Jack’s room is than Katrina’s room.
1 It’s cold today. You should wear a warm coat.
(tidy)
2 The train leaves at ten. We the
3 Laura’s homework is than Abby’s
house at nine.
homework. (good)
3 It’s raining. You your umbrella.
4 This new hotel is than the old hotel.
4 It’s late. You to bed now.
(comfortable)
5 I’ve got an exam tomorrow. I up late
5 The sofa is than the armchair.
tonight.
(expensive)
6 A: I’ve got toothache.
6 The traffic in the morning is than the
traffic at night. (bad) B: You to the dentist.
3 Circle the correct options. 6 Are these sentences correct? Correct the
1 A: I think New York is more exciting /
incorrect sentences.
the most exciting city in the world! 1 We should to get up early tomorrow. ✗
B: I don’t agree. I think that London is more We should get up early tomorrow.
exciting / the most exciting than New York. 2 Pupils don’t must wear trainers at school.
2 A: I think that buses are safer / the safest
than trains. 3 You mustn’t using your calculator during the exam.
B: I don’t agree. I think that trains are safer /
the safest form of transport. 4 We must visit New York, it’s an incredible city.
3 A: I think that Tokyo is more expensive /
the most expensive city in the world. 5 He shoulds book the hotel now, not later.
B: I read that Singapore is more expensive /
the most expensive than Tokyo. 6 People must to buy a ticket before getting on
4 A: What do you think is the best / better way to the train.
exercise?
B: People think it’s running, but I reckon
swimming is better / the best than running.
buy get not go study take work Leila Danny and Liam
Suzanne
1 I ’m going to study engineering at university. tonight study for a go for play rugby
2 Rita in her dad’s shop this test a pizza
summer. with their
friends
3 My brother a year out after
university. this visit her watch a go shopping
4 My parents a new house weekend grandma football for new
next year. match shoes
5 Sam and Linda married
1 Leila’s studying for a test tonight.
next year.
2
6 We to summer camp this year.
3
2 Write questions with be going to. 4
1 What are you going to do 5
this summer? (you / do) 6
2 Where
next year? (Tina / work) 5 Complete the conversation with the present
3 When ? continuous form of the verbs in the box.
(your parents / retire)
go (x3) do meet (x2) have
4 this summer?
(they / visit Canada)
5 next year? Tim: What 1 are you doing tonight?
(you / learn to drive) Leo: I 2
to rugby practice at six, but
6 medicine? nothing after that. Why?
(your sister / study) Tim: Sally and I 3 to the new art
exhibition at the community centre. It’s on
ancient Greece.
will and be going to Leo: Sounds interesting. What time 4
3 Decide if each sentence is a plan or a you ?
prediction. Then circle the best option. Tim: It starts at eight, but I 5 Sally at
1 I think you will / are going to need an umbrella 7:30 in the café next door. Why don’t you ask
today – it’s raining. Luis to come too?
2 We will / are going to study Japanese next year. Leo: He can’t. He 6 dinner at his
3 The tickets are sold out. You won’t / aren’t girlfriend’s house tonight. He 7
going to get in. her parents for the first time!
4 I think it will / is going to be difficult to find a
job in the future. Present simple for future
5 Suzanne will / is going to work as a journalist
when she leaves university.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the present simple.
6 I’m sure you will / are going to pass the exam –
1 The plane leaves at 3 pm. (leave)
with a bit of luck.
2 What time the lesson ? (begin)
3 The teams the final match tomorrow. (play)
4 The shop until next Monday. (not open)
5 My new job tomorrow. (start)