Natural Disaster Qalbi

NATURAL DISASTER QALBI / 5 SUCCESS
FLOOD
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry. The European
Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered
by water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.
Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in
which the water overtops or breakslevees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual
boundaries, or it may occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal
flood. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes
in precipitation and snow melt, these changes in size are unlikely to be considered significant
unless they flood property or drown domestic animals.
Pictures of flood
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Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel,
particularly at bends or meanders in thewaterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and
businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers.
Cause of Flood
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Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall when natural watercourses do not have the
capacity to convey excess water. However, floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall. They
can result from other phenomena, particularly in coastal areas where inundation can be caused by
a storm surge associated with a tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with higher
than normal river levels. Dam failure, triggered for example by an earthquake, will result in
flooding of the downstream area, even in dry weather conditions.
Riverine Flooding
While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of
water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat
and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry.
Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods, can develop in just a few minutes
and without visible signs of rain. A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying
areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins. It may be caused by heavy rainassociated with
a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice
sheets or snowfields.. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by a timescale of less
than six hours
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Effect of Flooding
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Floods can have devastating consequences and can have effects on the economy, environment
and people.
Economic
During floods (especially flash floods), roads, bridges, farms, houses and automobiles are
destroyed. People become homeless. Additionally, the government deploys firemen, police and
other emergency apparatuses to help the affected. All these come at a heavy cost to people and
the government. It usually takes years for affected communities to be re-built and business to
come back to normalcy.
Environment
The environment also suffers when floods happen. Chemicals and other hazardous substances
end up in the water and eventually contaminate the water bodies that floods end up in. In 2011, a
huge tsunami hit Japan, and sea water flooded a part of the coastline. The flooding caused
massive leakage in nuclear plants and has since caused high radiation in that area. Authorities in
Japan fear that Fukushima radiation levels are 18 times higher than even thought.
Additionally, flooding causes kills animals, and others insects are introduced to affected areas,
distorting the natural balance of the ecosystem.
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People and animals

Many people and animals have died in flash floods. Many more are injured and others made
homeless. Water supply and electricity are disrupted and people struggle and suffer as a result. In
addition to this, flooding brings a lot of diseases and infections including military fever,
pneumonic plague, dermatopathia and dysentery.Sometimes insects and snakes make their ways
to the area and cause a lot of havoc.
However, there is also something good about floods, especially those that occur in floodplains
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and farm fields. Floodwaters carry lots of nutrients that are deposited in the plains. Farmers love
such soils, as they are perfect for cultivating some kinds of crops.
EARTH QUAKE
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An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and movement of large
sections (tectonic plates) of the earth's rocky outermost crust. The edges of the tectonic plates are
marked by faults (or fractures). Most earthquakes occur along the fault lines when the plates
slide past each other or collide against each other.
The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to
 alter the surface of the Earth, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground
and
 cause great damage ... collapse of buildings and other man-made structures, broken
power and gas lines (and the consequent fire), landslides, snow avalanches, tsunamis
(giant sea waves) and volcanic eruptions.
Pictures of earth quake
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An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the

surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that
creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can be violent enough to toss people around and destroy
whole cities. The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size
of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
Cause of Earthquake
Most earthquakes are causally related to compressional or tensional stresses built up at the
margins of the huge moving lithospheric plates that make up the earth's surface (see lithosphere).
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The immediate cause of most shallow earthquakes is the sudden release of stress along a fault, or
fracture in the earth's crust, resulting in movement of the opposing blocks of rock past one
another. These movements cause vibrations to pass through and around the earth in wave form,
just as ripples are generated when a pebble is dropped into water. Volcanic eruptions, rockfalls,
landslides, and explosions can also cause a quake, but most of these are of only local extent.
Shock waves from a powerful earthquake can trigger smaller earthquakes in a distant location
hundreds of miles away if the geologic conditions are favorable.
Effect of Earthquake
Earthquake environmental effects are the effects caused by an earthquake on the natural

environment, including surface faulting, tectonic uplift and subsidence, tsunamis, soil
liquefactions, ground resonance, landslides and ground failure, either directly linked to the
earthquake source or provoked by the ground shaking. Both surface deformation and faulting
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and shaking-related geological effects (e.g., soil liquefaction, landslides) not only leave
permanent imprints in the environment, but also dramatically affect human structures. Moreover,
underwater fault ruptures and seismically-triggered landslides can generate destructive tsunami
waves.
Social impacts Economic impacts Environmental

impacts
Short-term People may be Shops and business may be The built landscape may
(immediate) killed or injured. destroyed.Looting may take be destroyed. Fires can
impacts Homes may be place. The damage to spread due to gas pipe
destroyed. transport and explosions. Fires can
Transport and communication links can damage areas of
communication make trade difficult. woodland. Landslides
links may be may
disrupted. Water occur. Tsunamismay
pipes may burst cause flooding in coastal
and water supplies areas.
may be
contaminated.
Long-term Disease may The cost of rebuilding a

impacts spread. People may settlement is high.
have to be re- Investment in the area may
housed, sometimes be focused only on
in refugee camps. repairing the damage
caused by the earthquake.
Income could be lost.
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VOLCANEOS
A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the
earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening
and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause lateral blasts, lava flows,
hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches, falling ash and floods. Volcano eruptions have been
known to knock down entire forests. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash floods,
earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.
Cause of Volcaneos
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Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the
surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano
continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.
Scientists have categorized volcanoes into three main categories: active, dormant, and extinct.
An active volcano is one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt
soon. A dormant volcano is one which has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it
can erupt in the future. An extinct volcano is one which has erupted thousands of years ago and
there’s no possibility of eruption.
Why do volcanoes erupt?

The Earth's crust is made up of huge slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.
These plates sometimes move. The friction causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions near the
edges of the plates. The theory that explains this process is called plate tectonics.
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There are more than 1500 active volcanoes on the Earth. We currently know of 80 or more which
are under the oceans. The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 50% of the world's active and dormant
volcanoes. Ninety percent of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes
occur along the Ring of Fire.
Effects of volcanoes
The destructive effects of an earthquake can be classified into primary and secondary effects.
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Primary effects are the immediate damage caused by the quake, such as collapsing buildings,
roads and bridges, which may kill many people. Those lucky enough to survive can suffer badly
from shock and panic
Secondary effects are the after-effects of the earthquake, such as fires, tsunami, landslides and
disease.
 Fire - earthquakes destroy gas pipes and electric cables, causing fires to spread. Broken
water mains prevent the Fires being extinguished. Fires spread very quickly in cities,
especially in poor-quality housing areas where wooden buildings are common.
 Tsunamis - an earthquake on the sea floor or close to the coast may cause huge waves.
 Landslides - earthquakes often cause landslides, especially in steep river valleys and
areas of weak rocks.
 Disease and famine - fresh water supplies are often cut off causing typhoid and cholera.
Lack of shelter and food causes much suffering.
 soil liquefaction when soils with a high water content are violently shaken they lose their
mechanical strength and behave like a fluid and so buildings can literally sink.
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Natural disasters is any catastrophic event that is caused by nature or the natural processes of the
earth. The severity of a disaster is measured in lives lost, economic loss, and the ability of the
population to rebuild.
All natural disasters cause loss in some way. Depending on the severity, lives can be lost in any
number of disasters. Falling buildings or trees, freezing to death, being washed away, or heat
stroke are just some of the deadly effects. Some disasters cause more loss of life than others, and
population density affects the death count as well.
Flood- Natural disaster
Tornado- Natural disaster
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The many natural disasters the world over, mankind has shown amazing resilience. When an
area or country is badly affected by a natural disaster, the reaction is always one of solidarity and
aid is quick to come. There are organizations set up with the primary goal of being prepared for
natural disasters. These groups work on global and local scale rescue work.
It’s clear that natural disasters are a part of life as we know it. However, science is making it
more possible to predict, aid is faster at coming, and people are learning how to rebuild in safer
areas.
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NATURAL DISASTER QALBI / 5 SUCCESS

People and animals

Pictures of earth quake

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the

Earthquake environmental effects are the effects caused by an earthquake on the natural

Social impacts Economic impacts Environmental

Long-term Disease may The cost of rebuilding a

Why do volcanoes erupt?

Flood- Natural disaster

Tornado- Natural disaster

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