3D Laser Scanning

Alan Stalker– SKM NT Spatial Manager

November 2010
Introduction

> An overview of SKM Spatial Services

> 3D Laser Scanning - some history
> Some Iconic Projects and Applications
> Latest data viewing platform “TruView”
> Mobile scanning - “the next iteration”
> Questions
Spatial Information Services
> Survey
> Imagery Services
> Geographic Information systems
> Mapping
> Photogrammetry
> Business Analysis
> IT services and Interoperability
> Defence and security Services
Primary Locations
> Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Hobart, Tatura,
Brisbane, Darwin, Perth, Newcastle,
Auckland, Wellington, Canberra, Kuala
Lumpur, Manchester, London
Staff
150
3 D Laser Scanning
Static

Quicker, smarter and safer than traditional survey

Some History
> 3D laser scanners are state of the art
tools with diverse applications that
are increasingly being used to
capture data on large or complicated
sites and structures.
> Scanning projects are becoming
more mainstream and have enabled
surveyors and engineers to
overcome obstacles never before
thought possible.
> SKM was one of the early adopters
of 3D scanning technology, initially
using a Cyrax 2500 scanner in 2002,
Some History - continued
> One of the first companies to purchase
the second generation Leica HDS 3000
scanner in 2004
> Trialled the use of the Leica HDS 4500
phase based scanner in 2005 on the
Town Hall Station project
> In December 2007 purchased the HDS
6000 phased based scanner as part of
a $ 2.5 million National Equipment Plan
> July 2008 upgraded HDS 3000 to Scan
Station 2
> May 2010 double capacity by adding
the newly release HDS C10 scanner
and HDS 6100 to our national portfolio
> October 2010 first Australian company
to acquire the Riegl VMX-250 twin
mobile laser scanning system
Basic Measurement Principle
Measurement consists of two primary components:

Laser system: emits the laser beam and determined the object’s distance by
measuring the laser light to the object and the return to the scanner

Mechanical deflection system: directs the laser beam onto the objects to be
measured
• Deflecting mirror controls Vertical Deflection
• Entire unit rotates to control the Horizontal Deflection

Two types of scanner

• Pulsed visible light – longer range
• Phase based – shorter range, very quick
History of Leica 3D Laser Scanners
Projects – Think Outside the Square
> Innovative application of new technology from the Spatial Industry is making a
significant contribution to major engineering and other projects across many
disciplines and geographies
> Is increasingly seen as the critical differentiator in major projects in facilitating the
successful outcomes for ongoing works,
> Can overcome many of the EH& S issues that were we are facing
> Opens doors to follow on traditional survey services
> Has particular application on “brown field” projects
> Reduced risk through the provision of complete 3D data which details every feature
> Deliver innovative, timely, safe and cost effective solutions to major engineering,
building and heritage projects
> Once captured point cloud data is available for future projects, no return surveys
> Is not the panacea for all survey solutions
 Darwin CBD – City Centre Revitalisation Project.

> The project encompasses the main streets at

the centre of the CBD (Smith, Knuckey and
Cavenagh Streets). The data forms the basis
for assisting designers with solutions in “de-
cluttering The Mall and improving street
furniture and landscaping.
> SKM proposed the use of 3D laser scanning
identifying significant time and cost savings
through the rapid data capture and minimum Scan Cloud
disruption to traffic and pedestrian movements
> The early provision of TruVeiw data enabled
early data for stakeholder discussion and
concept design.
> Client has already identified other projects that
can benefit form using the same data set.
> Final deliverables in 12D and 3d AutoCAD
format
> Real benefits identified through collaboration of
the design team located in Brisbane and the
client in Darwin utilising Truviews over the Web
to review and make decisions.
TruView Image
HDS 6000 Data - TruView
> New way to view and
undertake basic
measurements of point
cloud data
> It allows non-technical
users the ability to view
and interact with point
clouds.
> Point clouds can otherwise
be ugly and complex to
interpret.
> TruView serves up
photorealistic point cloud
bubble views together with
the ability to make simple
measurements. Being able
to serve the data up over
the Web means that other
stakeholders can use the
information
Bayu-Undan Gas Recycle Project
As-Constructed Drawings of Pipe Spools
¾ The Client required 3D laser scanning of
approximately 50 post-metrology spools to
confirm accuracy of fabrication and provide
documented CAD as built drawings.
¾ There was a very small window for data
capture and confirmation before the spools
had to be hot dipped galvanised.
¾ Very fine tolerances including slight offsets
from the vertical on end plates as well as
specific orientation of bolt holes from the
vertical
¾ Significant reduction in risk for the client in
confirmation of the fabrication as “we know
its right”
Continued
Examples of Final Modelled Spools Highlighting
Tolerances
Weddell Power Station - Darwin
¾ Data required for design of additional
turbine generators. Exact location and
dimensioning of the exist flange from
turbine to exhaust stack was critical.
¾ Elevated structure with safety issues –
limited access. 3D scanning allows very
detailed data capture from the safety of
the ground
¾ Full data capture in a less than a week
¾ Modelling in 3D cad file within 2 weeks
¾ New design inserted back into point
cloud data and clash detection routines
run. Significant reduction in risk for the
new design and fabrication as “we know
its right”
Bagot Road – Landscaping Master Plan & Bike Path
> Due to the very congested nature roads
and associated safety concerns, 3D
laser Scanning is increasingly being
seen as a viable alternative to
traditional survey.
> Minimal traffic management and
disruption to traffic
> Data can be utilised for future projects
such as bitumen resealing etc.
> Scan data processed using Topo 2 to
extract dense grid of points using
intelligent modelling functions
> Final delivery included MX &12D files
conforming to DCI standards and
TruvView 3D visuals.
> Mobile scanning delivers even greater
efficiencies
Hinze Dam Gold Coast, QLD

Photo Scan Cloud 3d Model

¾Safety was of prime importance

¾No access to dam walls, spillways, or inlet towers
¾3D scanning solved 95% of all safety issues
¾3D scanning completed in under 2 weeks
¾Modelled into a full 3d ACAD and 12d DTM models in less than 4 weeks
¾2D plans , sections and elevations easily extracted at any location and
interval in Acad
¾Reduced risk through delivery of current, accurate 3d data and 2D plans
 Town Hall Station – RailCorp

Photo Scan Cloud Animation

¾The detailed 3D Survey of Sydney's Town Hall Station provided the Rail Corporation
with the first complete picture of the station site as part of a planned major upgrade
¾Access limited to 4 hrs per night during a track possession
¾3D scanning at 4 levels, street, concourse and 2 lower platforms completed in under
6 weeks
¾Every observable structure and detail to be captured and modelled
¾Modelled into a full 3D AutoCAD and 12D DTM models in just over 3 months
¾2D plans , sections and reflected ceiling plans easily extracted at any location and
interval in Autocad & MicroStation
 Tower 13-354, Edmondson Park, Sydney, Telstra

Scan Cloud Cad plans

¾ Telstra looking to place new 3G panels on Transmission towers.

¾Ownership transferred from one group to another many times, plans get lost
¾Addition of panels require structural analysis
¾Typical tower scanned in a single day and all data capture from the ground
¾3D cad model detailing the geometry and dimensions of all steel structure directly
imported into structural analysis package
¾Client had been searching for existing plans for over 6 months
¾Complete solution delivered using 3d scanning within 4 weeks
Bridges – Coolumbooka Bridge , Bombala NSW
> Old Timber and truss bridge
> Structural analysis for ongoing
maintenance and abutment
replacement
> Scanned in just over 2 days
> 3D CAD model of all critical bridge
structural elements
> Mx survey files for road approaches
bridge deck and natural features.
> Added benefit of heritage capture
> Reduced risk through the provision
of complete 3D data which details
every feature, not possible with
traditional survey.
> No re-visits required for additional
data
Bridges – Coolumbooka Bridge , Bombala NSW
 Mobile 3D Laser Scanning

Leigh Finlay – SKM National Survey Practice Leader

February 2011
Mobile 3D Laser Scanning
> This is the next iteration in the evolution of 3D laser
scanning. It moves the platform from a static tripod
mount to that of a moving vehicle.
> A vehicle mounted 3D laser scanning (twin Riegl 3D
laser scanners supplemented by the onboard
navigation system includes a Global Positioning
Satellite (GPS) receiver, a fibre optic gyro based
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the latest Direct
Inertial Aiding (DIA) to assist in areas of poor GPS
reception.
> Vehicle is driven along the road at a speed of
between 30 & 40 Kph with a trailing safety vehicle
with mobile signage to warn motorists.
> You can obtain survey-grade accurate data (+/-15mm
with further improvements to come) from a mobile
scan system going 40kph and even higher speeds.
> Full Field-of-view (360 x 270 deg).
> Excellent Range (out to 500m).
> Much more data than was ever thought possible and
available for further processing at later stages
(capture once use many times).
Picton Road
> Last year SKM trialled the use of a Mobile 3d
Laser Scanning System on Picton Road south
of Sydney for the NSW Roads & Traffic
Authority (RTA).
> Two lane Rural road between Hume hwy and
Mt Ousley (40km total)
> Extremely busy with lots of coal trucks, high
speed and many accidents
> Huge safety and traffic management issue for
traditional survey - took 2 crews 5 weeks to
complete 5km using full traffic control
> Using Mobile 3D scanning we completed
20km in just over hour using a single trailing
vehicle for traffic control.
> In house software developed to extract string
& section detail at any interval directly into
12D and MX
> When overlayed with traditional survey
revealed comparisons of 5 to 10 mm for
position and height
Corrimal Street
> Two lane Urban road in Wollongong)
> Part of the trial by RTA
> Very difficult to undertake by traditional
survey
> Using Mobile 3D scanning we
completed 2 passes of 4Km in just
under 30 minutes using a single trailing
vehicle for traffic control.
> In house software “Virtual Surveyor”
developed to extract string & section
detail at any interval directly into 12D
and MX
> RTA undertook verifications “QQ”
strings along road comparisons
revealed comparisons of 5 to 10 mm for
position and height
Riegl VMX 250

> The VMX250 was trialled during the FIG

conference in Sydney in April 2010
> After the trials of Picton Rd, Corrimal Street ,
M4 & M5 Motorways over the past 12 months
SKM has purchased the very latest in mobile
3D laser scanning technology the Riegl VMX-
250 mobile laser scanner
> Now available for project throughout
Australasia
> Already trialling on projects in NSW
> Application for linear infrastructure such as
roads, rail, power lines, runways & taxiways
> Can be used on boats for data capture of
piers, wharfs, bridge structures and
revetments.
> Combined with new Bathymettry sounding
can deliver a complete picture of above and
underwater structures
Riegl VMX 250 - Harbour bridge scans overlaid on Ausimage
Specifications of the RIEGL VMX-250

eff. measurement rate 100 to 600 kHz

500 m @ ρ ≥ 80% and 100 kHz
max. measuring range
75 m @ ρ ≥ 10% and 600 kHz
accuracy 10 mm
precision 5 mm
position (absolute) typ. 20-50 mm
position (relative) typ. 10 mm
roll & pitch 0.005°
heading 0.015°
weight “measuring head” approx. 38 kg
weight “control unit” approx. 18 kg
Virtual Surveyor
> In house developed software based upon Cyclone and Cloudworx
> The data is split on a twin screens to show both a plan view and also a section view.
> There is an added benefit of being able to use orthos (eg Ausimage) as a backdrop for
visual checking and additional verification. (a picture still tells a thousand words and even
more with point cloud data).
> The operator looks at the data in 10 m sections in the plan view and a 0.2m strip in section
on the 2 screens. The detail of the pavement such as paint lines, medians, edge of
pavement kerb & gutter, guard rails and barriers etc as well as over head structures such
as bridges are easily identified in the point cloud and image and the operator picks the
centre of feature in plan and elevation assigning the appropriate MX or 12D code. These
points are extracted as strings and formatted directly into MX Genio files or 12 D. (virtual
surveying from the office!!)
> As an added bonus using Clycone Topo 2 we can define a grid over the pavement at any
interval and the software will extract points from the surrounding point cloud using a search
function that can be defined to look at the low points or high point to take into count for the
course chip stone in the AC. This has real benefits to define trammelling or rutting in the
pavement. (think of roads and runway re sheets)
Transmission and Distribution

> Rapid capture of poles and

wires for electrical distribution
> Extraction of ground profile and
route plan details
> Simple extraction of catenaries
and profiles of conductors.
> Road side furniture and
vegetation also captured to
allow for clearance and
obstacle determination
Airfield and Runway Surveys
> Rapid capture of runways and
taxiways for pavement re-sheet
> All line marking and lighting
captured at the same time
> Most runways captured in a single
night less, disruption to airport core
business.
> Grids can be extracted form point
cloud data
> Once re-sheet is completed simple
exercise to re run for work as
executed
Future Developments
> Technology and innovation is a
distinguishing factor in the spatial and
surveying fields and is increasingly seen as
the critical differentiator in major projects in
facilitating the successful outcomes for
ongoing works,
> New innovative technologies such as GPS
technologies , Lidar, imagery and 3D laser
scanning and associated software
development have emerged and have now
become mainstream practices in a space of
just over 10 years.
> This pace of development will only accelerate
in the next 5 to 10 years and beyond ensuring
that there are smarter, safer, and more
efficient means to capture and process spatial
data.
> Our challenge as surveyors is to own and
drive this technology to ensure that our clients
receive the very best advice in relation to the
capture and management of spatial data. If
we do it well there is a very strong and bright
future.
> Ignore it and we risk being left behind to
eventually become irrelevant as the need will
drive others who will move very quickly to fill
the gap.
Thank You

Questions