Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
of
UMTS (WCDMA) and
cdma2000 Networks
Neerav Dalal
Award Solutions, Inc.
IEEE METROCON-2001
Outline
! Currentscene of Cellular Wireless
! 3G Technology Landscape
! Comparative Study
– Network Architecture
– Air Interface
– Network Interfaces
– End-to-End Service Flow
! Beyond3G
! Summary
Evolution of Wireless Technologies
• Analog-based cellular technology
1st Generation
• Services
(1G)
" Voice
MSC/VLR
HLR SS7
GSM PLMN
MSC
BSS
BTS
A Interface
BSC
IS-95-Based 2G Network
CDMA Proprietary IS-634
(IS-95) (IOS)
VLR
BSC
IS-41 HLR
MSC SS7
AC
BSC
PSTN
IWF
Internet
2G Limitations
Uni-service
network
Capacity
Limited
Bandwidth
roaming
14.4-64
capabilities
Kbps
Limited
No
support for
multimedia
packet data
3G Requirements
! Radio Network requirements
– Support up to 2 Mbps data rates
– Support flexible operating environments
– High spectral efficiency/capacity
– Support multimedia services
! Core Network requirements
– Packet Data Network and IP Mobility
– Global Roaming
– Virtual Home Environment
– Quality of Service
– Interoperability with 2G Networks
3G Network Architecture
Internet PSTN
PS-CN CS-CN
RAN
UIM
IP Mobility
! Ability to move with an IP address while the
connection using the IP address is active
! IP Mobility may be provided by a combination
of “RAN mobility” and “CN mobility”
! Radio Access Network IP mobility
– Handoff/handover
– Cell selection/reselection
! Core Network IP mobility
– Mobile IP, GPRS
Always Connected
Logical Connections
remain intact
RAN Wireless
Core Services
Network
Application Logical Connection e-mail
IP
CN Logical Connection
CC TV
RAN Physical
Connection
Physical Connection
comes and goes
Circuit Core
Services Network
Network IS-41/MAP
PSTN Intelligent
Network Location
MSC Gateway Call Server Based
IP Telephony Services
Services
CS IP
Customer Network
Relationship
BTS Management M Commerce
PS Push
BSC PDSN Services
RAN
Packet Core
Network
Billing
Enterprise
Services Network Services
3G Technology Landscape
1G AMPS
IS-2000
3G UMTS ? UMTS (3x)
BTS
BSC
A Interface Gb Interface
IP
GPRS GGSN
PLMN
SGSN
MSC/VLR Intra
PLMN IP
HLR SS7 Back bone GGSN
SGSN
GSM PLMN
MSC
GSM/GPRS # UMTS
Summary of Changes
WCDMA Air Interface (UE–Node B)
RAN Interfaces
New
Iub (Node B – RNC), Iur (RNC – RNC)
CN Interface – Iu (MSC–RNC & SGSN–RNC)
Node B
UTRAN Iu 3G MSC/VLR G-MSC
RNC
W-CDMA PSTN /
Node B Iub ISDN
UE Iur
Iub
Node B RNC
3G SGSN GGSN
Inter
GPRS net
IS-95 # cdma2000
Summary of Changes
Packet Core Network (PDSN, AAA,
New HA/FA)
New Interface (R-P) – BS - PDSN
Air Interface (MS – BS)
Modification
Network Interface (BS – MSC)
MS
BTS Internet
W-CDMA Protocol Stack
Upper Manages
Signaling Data User Data
Layers Radio
Resources
Link L2
Layer
Controls user
Media Access Control (MAC)
access to the
medium
Physical L1 Physical Layer
Layer
Transports
data over-the-air
cdma2000 Protocol Stack
Signaling Traffic
Signaling
Voice
Upper Layers Packet Circuit
Layer 3 – IS-2000.5 Services
Data Data
Service Service
Uplink
Digital Coding Channelization
Techniques Code
MS
Bandwidth and spreading
Bandwidth Spreading Channelization
codes
cdma2000 1.25 MHz (1x) 1.2288 Mcps 4-128 bits (1x)
3.75 MHz (3x) 4-256 bits (3x)
UMTS cdma2000
Spreading rate 3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps
Synchronization
Asynchronous Synchronous
between cell sites
Direct spread (1x)
Direct spread
Configuration Multi-carrier (3x forward
configuration
link)
Convolutional
Convolutional
Turbo
Channel coding Turbo
(Parameters fixed in the
(Parameters flexible)
standard)
Air Interface Parameters (2)
UMTS cdma2000
QPSK in forward
Modulation QPSK in both directions
BPSK in reverse
S2
PNt2
S1
PNt1
S3
PNt3
S0
PNt0 S4
PNt4 S7
PNt7 S3
PNt3
S6
PNt6
S5
PNt5
Gp Billing
Gn CGF System
GGSN
SGSN
Other PLMN Gf
EIR
Signaling Interface
Signaling and Data Transfer Interface
UMTS protocol model
Application
E.g., IP, E.g., IP,
PPP, OSP PPP, OSP
Relay Relay
2 IS-707: CDMA 6
IP
Data Services
PDSN
3GPP2:IOS
1 IS-2000 AIR I/F
BSC (R-P)
AAA
MS RADIUS
7 RADIUS
BTS Server
Logical
connection
between UE and
UMTS Call Flow
UTRAN
1. Establish RRC
Connection 2. Establish
Iu Signaling
Connection
3. Authentication UTRAN
GGSN
SGSN
UE
4. Attach
Logical
connection UE
and SGSN
ATM IP
Request
dynamic IP UMTS Call Flow
address
5. Activate PDP
Context
7. Allocate
UTRAN
GGSN
SGSN
UE
IP Address
9. UE can
now send and ATM IP
receive IP
datagrams
cdma2000 call flow
Origination CM Service
Request
IS-41
RAN Authentication
MSC
Radio Link Setup
R-P Session HLR/AC
Setup
BSC/ BTS
Service Connect and
MS
Synchronization
PDSN
Radio Channel R-P Session Link
IP
HA
Point-to-Point Connection Setup
Network
Mobile IP related connection/setup (if required)
Status of UMTS standards
Release 5
Open Services Architecture
All-IP Multimedia Subsystem
Release 4 All-IP UTRAN
Optimization of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Quality of Service Quality of Service
Preparation for All-IP
Release ’99 R4 R5
R 99
Voice Services
Emergency Calls
Short Message Service
Internet Access
Developed by 3GPP
Status of cdma2000 standards
cdmaOne
IS-95A/
IS-95B
1x/3x RTT
Proposal
cdma2000
IS-2000
IS-2000A
Developed by 3GPP2
MHz
2200
Proposed
2000
Auction
Satellite
2170
PCS (2G)
1800
Terrestrial paired
Spectrum allocation
band
2110
1600
2025
Terrestrial
unpaired band
1200
1980 2010
1000 Satellite
Terrestrial paired
band
800
Planned Auction
(10-20 MHz) unpaired band
600
3G Deployment
New Operator, New Spectrum 2G Operator, New Spectrum
Operator A Operator B
2G
2G 2G 3G
3G 3G
3G
3G
Core
Core Core Network
Network Network 3G
3G 2G
2G Operator
3G Operator
3G Deployment
2G Operator, Existing Spectrum
200 kHz
IS-95
200 kHz 1.25MHz
UMTS cdma2000
200 kHz
GPRS in trials
USA 2001
UMTS Not
announced
Major Players
! UMTS (3GPP) ! cdma2000 (3GPP2)
– Vendors – Vendors
! Ericsson ! Qualcomm
! Nokia ! Lucent
! Nortel ! Nortel
! Motorola ! Motorola
– Operators – Operators
! NTTDoCoMo ! Sprint PCS
MSC &
WCDMA (FDD)
SGSN/GGSN
High Speed
Downlink Packet All-IP Multimedia
Access (HSDPA)
3G and Beyond – cdma2000
Air Interface Network
MSC &
cdma2000 (1x)
PDSN/AAA
cdma2000 (3x)
1x Evolution IP to RAN
(Data Only) –
1xEV-DO
1x Evolution
(Data & Voice) – All-IP Multimedia
1xEV-DV
Summary – Air Interface
UMTS cdma2000
Technology WCDMA CDMA
(Bandwidth) (5 MHz) (1.25 MHz)
Chip Rate 3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps
Synchronous
Mode of Operation Asynchronous
(GPS)
Peak Data Rate 2 Mbps 614 kbps
Backward
GSM – UMTS
Interoperability Compatible
Handover
w/IS-95
Summary – Core Network
UMTS cdma2000
GSM-MAP IS-41
Circuit Switched
MSC/HLR/AuC MSC/HLR/AC
GPRS Based IETF Based
Packet Switched
SGSN/GGSN PDSN/AAA/HA/FA