ASSIGNMENT

ONE WAY ANOVA

1. Yij=µ+αi+Єij,
Where Yij denotes the tensile strength of jth sample of the
ith significantly produced machine.
Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the tensile strength of the
product.
H0: αi≠0 , for every i.
Alternative hypothesis: There is difference in the tensile strength of
the product.
H1:αi≠0 , for atleast one i.
Level of significance:
α=0.05
Decision rule: Reject H0 if F≥F5,18
Test statistics:
F=MTRSS/MESS ˜ F5,18
Calculation:

t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
17.5 16.4 20.3 14.6 17.5 18.3
16.9 19.2 15.7 16.7 19.2 16.2
15.8 17.7 17.8 20.8 16.5 17.5
18.6 15.4 18.9 18.9 20.5 20.1

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Varianc
Groups Count Sum Average e
1.36666
t1 4 68.8 17.2 7
 2.70916
t2 4 68.7 17.175 7
3.76916
t3 4 72.7 18.175 7
7.21666
t4 4 71 17.75 7
3.15583
t5 4 73.7 18.425 3
t6 4 72.1 18.025 2.6625

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between 5.33833 1.06766 0.30680 0.90242 2.77285
Groups 3 5 7 1 1 3
Within Groups 62.64 18 3.48

67.9783
Total 3 23        

Statistical decision:
Since Fcal<Ftab , we accept H0.
Conclusion:
Since we accept H0 , there is no difference in the tensile
strength.

2. Yij=µ+αi+Єij,
Where Yij denotes the tensile strength of jth sample of the
ith alloy.
Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the tensile strength of
different alloys.
H0: αi≠0 , for every i.
Alternative hypothesis: There is difference in the tensile strength of
various alloys.
H1: αi≠0 , for atleast one i.
Level of significance:
α=0.05
Test statistics:
F=MTRSS/MESS ˜ F4,17
Decision rule:
Reject H0 of Fcal≥Ftab
 Calculations:

t1 t2 t3 t4 t5
12.4 8.9 10.5 12.8 16.4
19.8 11.6 13.8 14.2 15.9
15.2 10 12.1 15.9 17.8
14.8 10.3 11.9 14.1 20.3
18.5 12.6

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Varianc
Groups Count Sum Average e
t1 5 80.7 16.14 8.908
1.23333
t2 4 40.8 10.2 3
t3 5 60.9 12.18 1.427
1.61666
t4 4 57 14.25 7
3.88666
t5 4 70.4 17.6 7

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS Df MS F P-value F crit
Between 149.162 37.2906 10.2996 0.00020 2.96470
Groups 7 4 8 2 1 8
3.62058
Within Groups 61.55 17 8

210.712
Total 7 21        

Statistical decision:
Since Fcal>Ftab , H0 is rejected.
Conclusion:
 Hence the following pairs of treatment difference significantly
(1,2) (1,3) (2,4) (2,5) (3,5) (4,5).

TWO WAY ANOVA

1. Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the tensile

strength due to machines.
H0m: µi=µ , for every i=1,2,3,........k
Alternative hypothesis: There is significant difference in the
tensile strength due to machines.
H1m: αi≠0 , for at least one i.
Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the tensile strength due
to temperature.
H0t: µj=µ , for every j=1,2,3,......h.
Alternative hypothesis: There is difference in the tensile strength
due to temperature.
H1t:βj≠0 , for at least one j.
Level of significance: α=0.05
Test statistics:

Fm=MSSM/MSSE ˜ F(k-1),(h-1)(k-1)
Ft=MSST/MSSE ˜ F (h-1),(h-1)(k-1)
Decision rule:
Reject H0 if fcal≥ftab.
Calculations:

t1 t2 t3 t4

b1 12 26 24 23

b2 15 29 23 25

b3 15 27 25 24

b4 18 38 33 31
Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

Varianc
SUMMARY Count Sum Average e
39.5833
b1 4 85 21.25 3
34.6666
b2 4 92 23 7
b3 4 91 22.75 28.25
72.6666
b4 4 120 30 7

t1 4 60 15 6
t2 4 120 30 30
20.9166
t3 4 105 26.25 7
12.9166
t4 4 103 25.75 7

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS Df MS F P-value F crit
61.1666 21.1730 0.00020 3.86254
Rows 183.5 3 7 8 5 8
57.6346 3.38E- 3.86254
Columns 499.5 3 166.5 2 06 8
2.88888
Error 26 9 9

Total 709 15        
Statistical decision:

Since Fm>Ftab , we reject H0.

Since Ft>Ftab , we reject H0.

Conclusion:
Since we reject the null hypothesis , there is difference in
the tensile strength.
 2. Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the presence
of lead due to method.
H0m: µi=µ ,for every i=1,2,3,......k
Alternative hypothesis: There is significant difference in the
presence of lead due to method.
H1m: βj≠0 , for at least one j .
Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the presence of lead
due to change in laboratory.
H0t: µj=µ , for every j=1,2,3,......h.
Alternative hypothesis: There is difference in the tensile strength
due to temperature.
H1t:αi≠0 , for at least one i.
Level of significance: α=0.05
Test statistics:

Fm=MSSM/MSSE ˜ F(k-1),(h-1)(k-1)
Ft=MSST/MSSE ˜ F (h-1),(h-1)(k-1)
Decision rule:
Reject H0 if fcal≥ftab.
Calculations:

t1 t2 t3
b1 4 5 8
b2 5 5 7
b3 3 6 9
b4 4 4 9

Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

Varianc
SUMMARY Count Sum Average e
5.66666 4.33333
b1 3 17 7 3
5.66666 1.33333
b2 3 17 7 3
b3 3 18 6 9
5.66666 8.33333
b4 3 17 7 3
 0.66666
t1 4 16 4 7
0.66666
t2 4 20 5 7
0.91666
t3 4 33 8.25 7

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
0.08333 0.07692 0.97018 4.75706
Rows 0.25 3 3 3 4 3
18.2307 0.00282 5.14325
Columns 39.5 2 19.75 7 1 3
1.08333
Error 6.5 6 3

Total 46.25 11        

Statistical decision:

Since Fm>Ftab , we reject H0m.

Since Ft<Ftab , we accept H0t.
Conclusion:
There is significant difference in the presence of lead due to
method and not due to change in laboratory.

TWO WAY ANOVA WITH MULTIPLE BUT EQUAL NUMBER OF

OBSERVATIONS

1. Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the life in

hours of battery due to different material.

H0m: αi=0, for every i

Alternative hypothesis: There is significant difference in the life in

hours of battery due to different material.

H1m: αi≠0, for at least one i .

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the life in hours of the
battery due to different temperature .
H0te:βj=0, for every j.
Alternative hypothesis: There is difference in the life in hours of
the battery due to different temperature .
H1te:βj≠0, for at least one j.
Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the life in hours of the
battery due to interaction between material and different
temperature .
H0i:µij=0, for every ij.
Alternative hypothesis: There is difference in the life in hours of
the battery due to interaction between material and different
temperature .
H0i:µij≠0, for at least one pair of i and j.
Level of significance: α=0.05
Test statistics:

Fm=MMSS/MESS ˜ F(p-1),pq(m-1)
Ft=MTESS/MESS ˜ F (q-1),pq(m-1)
Fi=MTSS/MESS ˜ F (p-1)(q-1),pq(m-1)

Decision rule:
Reject H0 if fcal≥ftab.

Calculations:

t1 t2 t3
b1 130 34 20
74 80 82
155 40 70
180 75 58
b2 150 122 25
159 115 58
188 25 70
126 58 45
b3 138 174 96
168 150 82
 110 120 104
160 139 60

Anova: Two-Factor With Replication

SUMMARY t1 t2 t3 Total
b1        
Count 4 4 4 12
Sum 539 229 230 998
83.1666
Average 134.75 57.25 57.5 7
2056.91 556.916 2360.87
Variance 7 7 721 9

b2        
Count 4 4 4 12
Sum 623 320 198 1141
95.0833
Average 155.75 80 49.5 3
3047.53
Variance 656.25 2166 371 8

b3        
Count 4 4 4 12
Sum 576 583 342 1501
125.083
Average 144 145.75 85.5 3
674.666 371.666 1279.17
Variance 7 508.25 7 4

Total        
Count 12 12 12
Sum 1738 1132 770
144.833 94.3333 64.1666
Average 3 3 7
1004.51 2417.33 659.060
Variance 5 3 6

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
11196.0 5598.02 0.00594 3.35413
Sample 6 2 8 6.23337 7 1
Columns 39869.5 2 19934.7 22.1972 1.99E- 3.35413
 6 8 5 06 1
9445.94 2361.48 0.05636 2.72776
Interaction 4 4 6 2.6295 7 5
898.074
Within 24248 27 1

84759.5
Total 6 35        

Statistical decision:

Since 6.21>3.37, we reject H0m , 22.19>3.37 we reject H0te and

2.68<2.73 we accept H0i.

Conclusion:

There is difference in the life in hours of battery due to different

material and temperature. But there is no difference in the life in hours of
the battery due to interaction of both material and temperature.