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1. 𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
4. 𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′′ − 10𝑦 ′ = 0
6. 𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 0
1. 𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
R/ta:
𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
𝑚+1=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = −1 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑚+1=0 ⟹ 𝑚2 = −1 ⟹ 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
𝑚+1=0 ⟹ 𝑚3 = −1 ⟹ 𝑦3 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦3 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥
2. 𝑦 (4) + 13𝑦 ′′ + 36𝑦 = 0
R/ta:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑚= , 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0. 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑠.
2𝑎
𝑚1 = 0 − 2𝑖
𝑚2 + 4 = 0 → (𝑚 + 2𝑖)(𝑚 − 2𝑖) = 0 → {
𝑚2 = 0 + 2𝑖
𝑚3 = 0 − 3𝑖
𝑚2 + 9 = 0 → (𝑚 + 3𝑖)(𝑚 − 3𝑖) = 0 → {
𝑚4 = 0 + 3𝑖
R/ta:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑚= , 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0. 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑠.
2𝑎
𝑚 = 0 − 4𝑖
𝑚2 + 16 = 0 → (𝑚 + 4𝑖)(𝑚 − 4𝑖) = 0 → { 1
𝑚2 = 0 + 4𝑖
𝑚 = 0 − 4𝑖
𝑚2 + 16 = 0 → (𝑚 + 4𝑖)(𝑚 − 4𝑖) = 0 → { 3
𝑚4 = 0 + 4𝑖
4. 𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′′ − 10𝑦 ′ = 0
R/ta:
𝑦 ′′′ − 3𝑦 ′′ − 10𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑚=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 0 = 1
𝑚+2=0 ⟹ 𝑚2 = −2 ⟹ 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑚−5=0 ⟹ 𝑚3 = 5 ⟹ 𝑦3 = 𝑒 5𝑥
R/ta:
𝑚=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 0 = 1
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑚= , 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0. 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑠.
2𝑎
𝑚2 = 0 − 2𝑖
𝑚2 + 4 = 0 → (𝑚 + 2𝑖)(𝑚 − 2𝑖) = 0 → {
𝑚3 = 0 + 2𝑖
𝑚4 = 0 − 2𝑖
𝑚2 + 4 = 0 → (𝑚 + 2𝑖)(𝑚 − 2𝑖) = 0 → {
𝑚5 = 0 + 2𝑖
R/ta:
𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 0
𝑚3 + 𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 3 = (𝑚 − 1)(𝑚2 + 2𝑚 + 3) = 0
𝑚−1=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = 1 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 1𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑚2 + 2𝑚 + 3 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑚= , 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0. 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑠.
2𝑎
R/ta:
𝑚+3=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = −3 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 −3𝑥
R/ta:
𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑚=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 0 = 1
𝑚+2=0 ⟹ 𝑚2 = −2 ⟹ 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑚+1=0 ⟹ 𝑚3 = −1 ⟹ 𝑦3 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑦(0) = 1 → 1 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑒 0 + 𝐶3 𝑒 0 → 1 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3
1
−1 = 4𝐶2 + 𝐶3 (+) 2 = −2𝐶2 − 𝐶3 → 1 = 2𝐶2 → 𝐶2 =
2
1 1
−1 = 4𝐶2 + 𝐶3 𝑦 𝐶2 = → −1 = 4 ( ) + 𝐶3 → 𝐶3 = −3
2 2
1 1 7
1 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 , 𝐶2 = 𝑦 𝐶3 = −3 → 1 = 𝐶1 + − 3 → 𝐶1 =
2 2 2
7 1 −2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑦= + 𝑒 − 3𝑒 −𝑥
2 2
7 1 −2𝑥
𝑦= + 𝑒 − 3𝑒 −𝑥
2 2
9. 𝑦 ′′′ − 6𝑦 ′′ + 12𝑦 ′ − 8𝑦 = 0 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑦(0) = 2; 𝑦 ′ (0) = 1; 𝑦 ′′ (0) = 2
R/ta:
𝑦 ′′′ − 6𝑦 ′′ + 12𝑦 ′ − 8𝑦 = 0
(𝑚 − 2)3 = 0
𝑚−2=0 ⟹ 𝑚1 = 2 ⟹ 𝑦1 = 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑚−2=0 ⟹ 𝑚2 = 2 ⟹ 𝑦2 = 𝑒 2𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥
𝑚−2=0 ⟹ 𝑚3 = 2 ⟹ 𝑦3 = 𝑒 2𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦3 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 = (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 )𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 = (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 )𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 = (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 )𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦 = (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 )𝑒 2𝑥 → 𝑦 = (2 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 )𝑒 2𝑥
10. 𝑦 (4) + 5𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑦(0) = 3; 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0; 𝑦 ′′ (0) = 0; 𝑦 ′′′ (0) = −3
R/ta:
𝑦 (4) + 5𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 0
Se tiene:
3 = 𝐶1 + 0 + 𝐶3 + 0 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶3 = 3 (1)
𝐶1 = −4𝐶3 → 𝐶1 = 4 (6)
1
3 = 𝐶2 + 8𝐶4 → 3 = −2𝐶4 + 8𝐶4 → 3 = 6𝐶4 → 𝐶4 = (7)
2
𝐶2 = −2𝐶4 → 𝐶2 = −1 (8)
1
𝑦(𝑥) = 4 cos(𝑥) − sin(𝑥) − cos(2𝑥) + sin(2𝑥)
2