Крок 2 Загальна лікарська підготовка на англійській мові

Медичний профіль – Без класифікації

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A total of 300 newly diagnosed patients with * Clinical trial Case series report Case report Case-control study Cohort study
laryngeal cancer are allocated to treatment with
ei_ther surgical excision alone or surgical excision
plus radiation treatment. Select the study design
which most appropriately illustrates.

A 39-year-old man with a mild sore throat, fever, * Case report Case series report Clinical trial Case-control study Cohort study
malaise, and headache. He was treated with
penicillin for presumed streptococcal infection. He
returns after a week with hypotension, fever, rash,
and abdominal pain. He responds favorably to
chloramphenicol, after a diagnosis of Rocky
Mountain spotted fever. Select the study design it
most appropriately illustrates.
A total of 3500 patients with thyroid cancer are * Case series report Case report Clinical trial Case-control study Cohort study
identified and surveyed by patient interviews
re_garding past exposure to radiation. Select the
study design it most appropriately illustrates.
A total of 10,000 Vietnam veterans, half of whom * Cohort study Case series report Clinical trial Case-control study Case report
are known by combat records to have been in areas
where Agent Orange was used and half of whom
are known to have been in areas where no Agent
Orange was used, are asked to give a history of
cancer since discharge. Select the study design it
most appropriately illustrates.

Patients admitted for carcinoma of the stomach are * Case-control study Case series report Clinical trial Case report Cohort study
age- and sex-matched with fellow patients without
a diagnosis of cancer and surveyed as to smoking
history to assess the possible association of
smoking and gastric cancer. Select the study design
it most appropriately illustrates.

In the report of a survey of children in a rural * The wrong kind of There is good evidence One should not One should not The confidence
community, the mean weights of two groups of 2 statistical test was that the two groups are compare weights using compare weights using interval for the
year-olds were reported to be 9.1 kg and 10.2 kg, used. different. means; one should means; one should difference in means
and the difference was reported to be "statistically always use modes. always use medians. includes zero.
significant (P = 0.02) by a chi-squared test".

Data are available giving the percentage * Pie chart Histogram Scatter diagram Cumulative frequency Bar diagram
breakdown of a sample of residents of an urban plot
area into five ethnic groups. These five percentages
can be shown graphically in a:
Uncontrolled hypertension doesn’t increase the risk *Diabetes Cerebrovascular Coronary heart disease Renal disease Stroke
of developing the following diseases: diseases

Select the risk factor most likely to be associated * Family history Dietary habits Tobacco smoking High serum cholesterol Uncontrolled elevation
with breast cancer: of blood pressure

Risk factors for lung cancer include all of the * Family history Smoking Occupational exposure Air pollution Radiation
following EXCEPT:

A woman whose ectopic pregnancy has ruptured at *Direct maternal Perinatal mortality Neonatal mortality Postneonatal mortality Infant mortality
18 weeks’ gestation hemorrhages internally, goes mortality
into shock, and eventually dies. Select the
classification that most closely represents the case
history.
The mean systolic blood pressure in a random * We have 95\% The true value is equally Everyone makes 95\% of population The confidence
sample of 180 men is 141.4 mm of mercury, and confidence that the true likely to be 139.2, 141.4 mistakes in measuring means lie in the interval shows that the
the 95\% confidence interval is from 139.2 to (population) value lies or 143.6. data and carrying out interval. mean is statistically
143.6. in this interval. calculations; the significant.
confidence interval is
to allow this.

In a nutrition survey of children in a rural area in a * There is no evidence There is strong evidence P is quite large, so the P is not large enough to P is quite large, so
developing country, the mean standardised weights of a true difference of a true difference null hypothesis is true. prove the null there is probably a true
for age were compared between boys and girls and between boys and girls. between boys and girls. hypothesis as true. difference between
a statistical significance test carried out. The test boys and girls.
result was P = 0.23.

In a study to investigate the association of a certain * Age and/or sex must There is strong evidence There is no evidence The wrong kind of One cannot draw any
alcoholic drink and oesophageal cancer, a series of be adjusted for before of a real association. of any association. statistical test was used. conclusions from such
cases were interviewed to find out how many any conclusions can be a study.
reported regular consumption. A random sample of drawn
controls from the same community were similarly
interviewed. The proportions reporting
consumption were higher in cases than in controls,
with P = 0.04.
In a sample of 66 adult women, the mean reported * The distribution is 75\% of women had One is 95\% confident The standard error is One cannot draw any
age of menarche was 12.4 years and the median approximately reached menarche after that the true mean lies 0.3 years conclusions from such
12.7 years. Also, the standard deviation was 10 symmetric 12.4 years. between 10.4 and 14.4 a study.
years and the range from 10 to 15 years. years
Data from a sample of 33 females from a small *The average The mean systolic blood The blood pressures of Because the relation One cannot draw any
village aged from 22 upwards, gave systolic blood increment of blood pressure at birth is 81.5 two women ten years seemed linear, conclusions from such
pressures and ages. The relationship between the pressure for one year of mm. apart in age will differ regression is not an a study
two appeared substantially linear in a scatter age under the by exactly 12.2 mm. appropriate technique.
diagram and the fitted regression equation is BP = regression model is
81.5 + 1.22 x age, and is statistically significant (t 1.22 mm.
= 5.7, P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient is
0.72. We can deduce,
In a sample of 38 medical students, the correlation *The association Surgery is more difficult Pathology is more Course work tests and The wrong kind of
coefficient of the course work marks and final appears stronger for to learn than pathology. difficult to learn than the final examination statistical test was
examination marks for pathology was 0.74. The pathology than for surgery. measure different used.
coefficient for course and final marks in a different surgery. aspects of knowledge in
sample of 31 students, in surgery was 0.05. From surgery.
these results we can deduce,

All of the following are criteria for screening a *Screening should be The natural history of The condition must Suitable screening tests Accepted treatment for
population for a given condition EXCEPT: available to and used the condition should be represent an important for the condition must the condition should be
by the entire population understood health problem exist available

The DRG (diagnosis-related groups) payment * Per admission Per diem Capitation Fee-for-service Risk corridor
system is best described by which payment
methodologies?
Select the term that best matches the definition *Infant mortality Perinatal mortality Neonatal mortality Spontaneous abortion Postneonatal mortality
“Death of liveborn infant before 1 year of age”:

The work in conditions of electromagnetic waves * Nervous and Digestive and Cardiovascular and Cardiovascular and Nervous and digestive
influence can cause the dynamic abnormalities of cardiovascular systems respiratory systems respiratory systems musculoskeletal systems
certain body systems. Which systems are the most systems
sensitive to the action of electromagnetic waves of
radio-frequency diapason?

The man with body-mass of 60 kg intakes 600 mg * 2 times 5 times 10 times 60 times 100 times
nitrates with daily food ration. How many times
does the real intake of nitrates exceed permissible?

In the dull December days (calm and mist) the *Suspended substances Lead Low temperature Air humidity Photooxidants
respiratory system diseases and diseases (dust)
accompanied by signs of general intoxication in the
region where thermoelectric power station works
on the solid fuel increased. The mortality among
persons over 60 also increased. Which factor may
probably cause the toxic effects?
The abnormalities of bone system development, *Strontium Calcium Cadmium Arsenic Magnesium
the delay of fontanelle over-growth, the delay of
teeth were observed among children of N-city.
Which surplus micro-element contained in the
drinking water can cause these changes?

The fulfilment of sanitary-hygienic control of air *MAC of atmospheric MAC of working zone Average monthly Average annual MAC Average MAC per
medium of hospital wards in somatic department of air MAC working shift
town clinic hospital the air samples were taken by
aspiratory method. Which MAC is used for
corporation in evaluation of hygienic conditions of
patients staying in the hospital?

All departments and subdivisions of a district * Decentralized Centralized Centralized- Mixed Centralized-sectional
hospital having 300 beds are disposed in the decentralized
separate one- and two-storey buildings. Which is
the type of hospital construction?

In drinking water samples selected after *Stomach cancer Urolithiasis Hypertensive disease Stroke Anemia
purification and disinfected by gaseous chlorine
the following was revealed: chloroform and
threechloracetic acid in concentration three times
more than their MAC. What disease may probably
develop as a result of prolonged intake of this
water?
In drinking water samples the following substances *Lead Iron Manganese Copper Chlorphenol
were revealed: copper, manganese, iron, lead,
chlorphenol on the level of their MAC. Which
chemical substances mentioned above are limited
for sanitary-toxycological index of harmfulness?

In blacksmith’s-press’s shop physical work * Heat stroke Sun stroke Convulsion disease Hypertensive disease Angioneurosis
connected with unfavourable meteoconditions (air
to- 40-50oC, intensive infra-red radiation), one
worker lost consciousness. Doctor of medical room
testified the following: face pallor, wet skin,
intensive perspiration, surface respiration with BR
of 50 /min, HR of 100/min, delicate filling, body to
–39,9oC. Which diagnosis is the most possible?
In the air-repair work planes fuselage repair is *Noisemeter Audiotester Actynometer Vibrotester Anemometer
carried out. The levels of industrial noise on the
working places constitute 95-97 dBA. The analysis
of noise spectrum showed tones with frequency of
100 Hz and higher. Which apparatus was used for
the experiment?