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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

ISLAMIC HISTORY AND CULTURE - II

STUDY PLAN ACCORDING TO QUESTION ANALYSIS OF PAST PAPERS

STUDY AREA –I: MUSLIMS IN SPAIN

A) Muslim Rulers in Spain and Their Rule

2010 - Abdur Rehman al nasir was unquestionably the ablest and most gifted of all
the Umayyad sovereigns who have ruled in Spain. Discuss

2010 - The battle which gave Abdur Rehman Ad dakhil the throne was fought at
Masarah proved a second MARJ-RAHAT (Ameer Ali)

2009 - Give an account of the conquest of Spain; who made it a stable and prosperous
Muslim state?

2009 - What fate did Tariq bin Ziyad and Musa bin Nusayr meet after their invasion
of Spain?
2008 - The entrance of the new rulers like Muslims was a demand of Muslim Society
at the advent of 8th century. Comment

2005 - How did Abdu-al-Rehman-al-Dakhil conquer Spain? Highlight his


contributions to social welfare of the people of his country.

2004 - Explain the causes and events of the expansion of Muslim rule in Spain during
the Umayyad period.

2002 - Analyze the character of Abdur-al-Rehman III as a man, administrator and as


patron of art and literature.

2001 - Explain the reasons of the conquest of Spain at the hands of Arabs, especially
mentioning the arrival of Tariq bin Zjyad in that country.

2001 - Examin the political and dynastical factors leading to the final collapse of the
Muslim rule in Al-Andulas.

2000 - What kind of Muslim administration and society developed in Spain during
the Umayyad governors of Spain (714-756)? Discuss

2000 - What were the reasons for the downfall of the Muslim rule in Spain? Discuss.

1998 - Describe the grandeur and progress of Spain during the reign of Abdur
Rehman-III

1998 - Describe the main features of the central administration under the
UMMAYADS of SPAIN.

1998 - Discuss the political, social and economic conditions of Spain at the time of
Muslim conquests.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

1991 - Discuss the character and achievements of HISHAM I of CORDOVA.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-I (A):


a- Political, social, economic and religious conditions of Spain before Muslim
conquest.
b- Reasons and the events of the conquest of Spain by Muslims with special reference
to Tariq Bin Ziyad and Musa Bin Nusayr.
c- Character and achievements of:
-Abdur Rehman I
-Hisham I
-Abdur Rehman II
-Abdur Rehman III
d- Administration and Social development in Spain by Muslim rulers.
e- Causes of the downfall of Muslim rule in Spain

B) Muslim Art, Architecture, Knowledge, Sciences, Philosophy, History in


Spain

2010 - Write comprehensive note on Muslim architecture in Spain with special


reference of QASR AZ ZAHRA and AL HAMBRA

2010 - Discuss the main features of Muslim contributions to philosophy in Spain with
brief notes on any three important philosophers of that period

2009-write a note on Muslim’s contributions in Spain in natural or social sciences.

2009-How did Imam MAlik’s Muwatta leave a strong impact in Spain? Discuss.

2008- Give an analytical study of the evolution of the Muslim Architecture from the
mosque of cordova upto the Alhamra of Granada

2007- Highlight the achievements of Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Rushd.

2006- Write a comprehensive note on Muslim architecture in Spain with special


reference to some of the important buildings of Corodva and Granada.

2005-Write a note on the life and academic contributions of Ibn Sina(Avicenna) and
Ibn Rushd(Averroes).

2005-Harun al Rashid and Mamun al Rashid contributed a great deal towards


different disciplines of knowledge. Substatiate with historical facts.

2004-Discuss the chief features of Muslim contribution to philosophy in Spain with


brief notes on any three important philosophers of that period.

2003-Andulas was the greatest seat of learning and research during the Muslim rule.
Describe some of the major political and philosophical contributions of the period and
its glory.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2003-Ibn Khaldun is known as one of the most authentic Muslim historian of his
time. Describe his contribution in historical field.

2002-Describe some philosophical and political writings in Andalus.

2002-Discuss the contribution of the Muslims in the field of pottery and calligraphy.

2001-Critically analyze the contribution of the Muslims of Spain to History with


special reference to the works of Ibn Khaldun.

2001-Critically evaluate the Muslim contribution in the field of architecture, Music,


painting, pottery and calligraphy under the Muslim rulers of Spain.

2000-Thoroughly analyze the works of Ibn Sina which brought revolution in


European medical sciences.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA 1(B):


a- Muslim architecture in Spain with special reference to remarkable buildings
erected by Muslims
b- Life and Achievements of:
- Ibn Khaldun
- Ibn Rushd
- Ibn Sina
c- Development of philosophy, history, music, fine arts, political studies and
calligraphy in Spain
d- Development of Medicinal Sciences by Muslims
e- Promulgation of Islamic Fiqh in Spain

C) Muslim Learning and European Renaissance/Reformation

2010 - The scientific and literary progress of the Muslims in Spain and Sicily laid the
foundation of renaissance in Europe. Discuss with evidence

2009-The scientific and literary progress of the Muslims in Spain and Bagdad laid
down the foundation of RENAISSANCE in Europe. Discuss with evidence.

2007-The advancement of Europe in the field of Sciences is based on the


achievements of Muslims in their golden era. Discuss

2006-What do you know about the influence of Muslim Sicily on the European
civilization? Please write in a scholarly manner.

2004-It is claimed that the Renaissance and Reformation movements in Western and
Southern Europe were indebted to the Muslim learning in Spain. please substantiate.

2002-Spain was the torch of Europe. The Arabs were the bringers of the light to
medieval Europe. Elucidate

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2000-How the Muslim universities and seminaries in Cordova, Granada and Bagdad
contributed towards bringing intellectual revolution known as European Renaissance
In 15th and 16th centuries A.D.Discuss

1998-Describe in detail the ways and means by which Islamic culture and civilization
was introduced in Europe.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA 1(C):

a- How Muslim learning in Spain and Baghdad initiated and influenced European
Renaissance and Reformation.
b- Ways and means by which Islamic Culture and Civilization transferred to Europe.

STUDY AREA-II: MUSLIMS IN NORTH AFRICA

2010 - Describe the causes and consequences of early Muslim conquests of Egypt and
North Africa.

2008- Give a critical study of the causes and the consequences of the Muslim rule in
Africa.

2008- Africa got advancement in Material prosperity and in the field of knowledge
and wisdom under the Muslim regime. Comment

2007-How did Islam penetrate in Africa? Also give a brief introduction of North
African Muslim countries.

2006- In which period of history Islam was introduced in North Africa? Describe the
conquests of these lands from Amr bin A’as to Uqba bin Nafi.

2001-How the North Africa was conquered? Describe the conquest of North Africa in
brief from Amr bin A’as to Uqba bin Nafi.

2000-How Islam was introduced in Africa and Spain? Discuss with reference to the
period of Islamic history starting from the times of Hazrat Umer, the second caliph,
up to the times of Walid bin Abdul Malik, the Umayyad caliph

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA -II

a- When and How Islam penetrated in North Africa?


b- Conquests of North Africa from Amr Bin Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi
c- A brief introduction of North African countries.
d- North Africa before and after Muslim conquest

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

STUDY AREA-III: GENERAL QUESTIONS

2008- Write a comprehensive ESSAY on “the women and nation building” in Muslim
Spanish society

2007-Western civilization is in a state of clash with Islamic civilization for


increasing its influence. Please argue in either YES or NO.

2007-Describe the ways and means through which a bridge may be made between the
Muslims and Western socities for co-existence.

2007-Why the Muslim Ummah is lagging behind today in the field of science and
technology?

2006-What are in your view the main problems of the Muslim Ummah today? What
are their solutions?

2005-How do you perceive the future scenario of the present conflict between the
Western policy makers and the Muslims?

2004-Explain the political motives of American presence in Iraq and identify its
effects in the region with special reference to Pakistan.

2001-What are the problems of the Muslim World today and who is to be blamed for
that? What is the remedy? please discuss.

1997-What does chivilory mean in medieval ages? What were its main
characteristics?

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-III


a -Clash of civilization between the west and Islam
b -Problems of Muslim Ummah and their solutions.
c -War on terror and position of Muslim countries.

STUDY AREA-IV: OTTOMANS OF TURKEY

2010 - Critically evaluate the ottomans administrative reforms with special reference
to TANZIMAT.

2006-Describe the character and achievements of Muhammad al-Fatah, the Ottoman.

2005-Critically evaluate the Ottoman’s administrative reforms with special reference


to their TANZIMAT

2004-Enumerate the principal mosques erected by the Ottomans in their capital city of
Istanbul.

2004-Describe the character and achievements of Suleiman, the magnificent.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

2003-Out of a moth-eaten and depleted empire, Kamal Attaturk created a nation


throbbing with life and activity. There were certainly glaring manifestation of
dictatorship in some aspects of his ascendency but he was a fervent believer in the
sublime destiny of his people whom posterity will remember as one of the greatest
national heroes. In the light of this statement, analyze major achievements of Ataturk.

2003-“Within three hundred years of the greatness of Suleiman, the Ottoman Empire
lay bankrupt, decrepit and rotting”. Give reasons of the disintegration of Turkey.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-IV


a- Character and achievements of:
- Muhammad al- Fatah
- Suleiman, the Magnificent
b- Administration under Ottomans
c- Architecture and other developments under Ottomans
d- Conquests of European lands by Ottomans
e- Causes of the downfall of Ottoman Empire

STUDY AREA-V: FATIMIDS OF EGYPT

2010 - Write Essay on any one of the following


1-Cairo under Fatimids
2-Cordova under Umayyads

1998-Write a short note on Fatimids of North Africa.

1997-“Ain ul Jalut was a great day not only in the history of Egypt and Islam but also
in the whole history of civilization”. Substantiate.

1994-“The complex problems which the geneology of the Fatimids raise defy a
satisfactory solution”.Elaborate.

MAIN FOCUS OF STUDY AREA-V


a- Introduction to the Fatimids of Egypt
b- War of Ain ul Jalut and its significance

STUDY AREA-VI: SHORT NOTES

2009:
i- Al-Hamra
ii- Cordoba
iii- Gibralter
iv- Al-Qairawan
v- Mudarites
vi- Yamanites
vii- Abdur Rehman-I
viii- Hisham

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Prepared by: Muhammad Riaz Arain Composed by: Altaf A Sheikh

ix- Al-Hakma
2002:
i- Ziryab, the musician
ii- Battle of zallaqa
iii- Al-Generaliffe
iv- Battle of Ain Jallut
v- University of Cordova
2000:
i- Abdur Rehman I
ii- Tariq Bin Ziyad
iii- Ibn Rushd
iv- Al Hakam
1999:
i- Cordova
ii- Al hamra
iii- Ibn Zuhr
iv- Ibn Hazm
1998:
i- Banu Abbad of Saville
ii- Ibn Khaldun
iii- Hajib al Mansur

OTHER MINOR NOTES


i- Schools of Islamic Fiqh viii- Ibn Arabi
ii- Crusades ix- Imam Ghazali
iii- Ibn Haithum x- The Battle of Tours
iv- Ib Tufail
v- Alp Arslan
vi- Ibn Batuta
vii- Ibn taimia

WISH YOU BEST OF LUCK!

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