Gl

obalWar
ming
Af
rsSi
abMohalj
udi
cialAcademy
MuhamadAsi
fRao

I
ntr
oduct
ion
GlobalwarmingistheaveragetemperatureofEarthhasi ncreases
si
nce 1950 unt i
lnow t he temperat
ure continui
ng i ncreasi
ng.
Globalwarmingcanal sorefertocl
imat echanget hatcausesan
i
ncreaseintheav erageoftemperatur
e.Howev ergl obalwar ming
arecausesbynat uraleventsandhumant hatarebel i
evedt obe
contr
ibut
etoi ncr
easeinaveragetemperatures.
Globalwar mi ng i
st hegr eatestchal
lengef acingourplanet.Itis,
i
nf act,the increase int he t
emper at
ure oft he earth’
s neon-
surfaceai r
.Iti soneoft hemostcur r
entandwi del
ydi scussed
factors.Ithasf ar-
reachingi mpactonbi odiver
sit
yandcl i
mat i
c
conditions of t he pl anet. Several cur r
ent t r
ends cl early
demonst r
atet hatglobalwar mingisdirectl
yi mpacti
ngonr isi
ng
seal ev el
s,themel ti
ng ofi cecapsand si gni
fi
cantwor l
dwide
cli
mat echanges.Thegl obalwar mingr epresentsaf undament al
threattoalll
ivingthingsonear t
h.
War
mesty
ear
slastcent
uryef
fect
edbyGl
obalWar
ming
Globalav eraget emperat
urer osesignif
icantl
yduring thepast
century.The pr evai
li
ng scienti
fi
cv iew ist hatmostoft he
temper at
urei ncr
easessincemi d-
20thcent ur
yhasbeencaused
by increases in atmospheric gr
eenhouse gas concent rat
ions
producedbyhumanact ivi
ty.Mostscienti
stsagreet hatplanet’
s
temper at
urehasr i
sen0. 5degreeCel si
ussi nce1900andwi l
l
continuetoincreaseatanincreasi
ngrate.Asar esul
t,thewor l
dis
gett
ingwar mer .They ear1990wast hehot t
estyeari nthelast
century.
Togetherwit
h1991, t
heyearsof1983, 1987, 1988and1989hav e
beenmeasur edtobet hewar mestsixy earsinthel asthundred
years.Theyear1991wast hesecondwar mesty earofthepast
century
.Theconsequencesoft her
iseint emperatureisbei
ngf el
t
allovertheglobethefi
ndi
ngsofsci enti
ficresearchdonei nthis
fi
eldrevealt
hatthetemperatur
eoft heear t
hi sli
kel
yt ori
sefrom
1.4°Cto5.8°
Cwi t
hinaperi
odof100y ear
s.

CausesofGl
obalWar
ming
Globalwarmingi saseriousi ssueandisnotasi nglei
ssuebuta
numberofenv i
ronmentalissues.Globalwarmingi sariseinthe
surfacetemperatureoft heear ththathaschangedv ar i
ousli
fe
formsont heearth.Thei ssuest hatcauseglobalwarmi ngare
divi
ded into two cat egories include "
nat
ural" and " human
i
nfluences"ofglobalwarming.

Nat
uralCausesofGl
obalWar
ming
Theclimatehasconti
nuousl
ychangi
ngforcentur
ies.Thegl
obal
warminghappensbecauset henat
uralr
otat
ionoft hesunthat
changesthei
ntensi
tyofsunl
i
ghtandmovi
ngclosertotheear
th.
Another cause of gl obal warming is greenhouse gases.
Greenhousegasesar ecarbonmonoxideandSul phurdi
oxideit
tr
apst hesolarheatsraysandpreventitfr
om escapi
ngfrom t
he
surf
aceoft heearth.Thi
shascauset hetemperat
ureoftheeart
h
i
ncrease.

Vol
cani
cer
upt
ions
Volcanicerupt
ionsareanotherissuethatcausesglobalwarming.
Forinstance,asinglevolcanicerupti
onwi l
lrel
easeamountof
carbondioxideandasht ot heatmospher e.Oncecarbondioxide
i
ncrease,thetemperatur
eofear t
hincreaseandgr eenhousetr
ap
thesolarradi
ati
onsintheear t
h.
Ef
fectofMet
hanecompoundsov
erat
mospher
e
Fi
nall
y,methanei sanot herissuet hatcausesgl obalwarming.
Methaneisalsoagr eenhousegas.Met haneismor eeffect
ivei
n
tr
appingheatintheatmospher ethatcarbondioxideby20t imes.
Usual
lymethanegascanr eleasefrom manyar eas.Forinst
ance,
i
tcanbef r
om cattl
e,landfi
ll
,natur
algas, pet
rol
eum sy st
ems,coal
mini
ng,mobileexpl
osion,orindustr
ialwasteprocess.

HumanI
nfl
uencesonGl
obalWar
ming
Humani nfl
uencehasbeenav eryser
iousissuenow because
humandonott akecar etheear t
h.Humant hatbecausegl obal
warmingismor ethannat uralcausesglobalwarming.Theear t
h
hasbeenchangi ngformanyy earsunt
ilnow iti
sst i
llchangi
ng
becauseofmoder nlifest
yleofhuman.Humanact i
vit
iesincl
ude
i
ndustri
alproducti
on,burni
ngf ossilf
uel
,mi ni
ng,cat
tlereari
ngor
defor
estat
ion.
I
ndust
ri
alr
evol
uti
on
Fir
stissuei sindustri
alrevolution.Industrialhav ebeen usi ng
fossi
lf uel
sf orpowermachi nes.Ev erything thatwe use i s
i
nv ol
vedinfossi
lfuel.Forexampl e,
whenwebuyamobi l
ephone,
theprocessofmaki ngmobi lephonehav ei nvolvemachi nesand
machinesusesf ossi
lf uel
s,duringt heprocesscar bondi oxideis
rel
easingtot heatmospher e.Besi desi ndustrial
,transportat
ion
suchascar si
salsoreleasingcar bondioxidef r
om exhaust .
Ef
fectofmi
ningov
erat
mospher
e
Anot herissue is mini
ng.During t he pr
ocess ofmi ni
ng,the
met hanewilltr
apbelowtheearth.Besides,r
eari
ngcatt
lewillal
so
causemet hanebecausecat tl
er eleased t
hef or
m ofmanur e.
Howev er,cattl
eisimportantbecausei tmaket helat
terequally
responsibl
ef ort
heoccurr
enceofgl obalwarming
Def
orest
ati
on(
cut
ti
ngdownt
rees)
Next i s t he most common i ssue t hat i s defor
est ation.
Defor estati
oni sahumani nfl
uencebecausehumanhav ebeen
cutti
ngdownt r
eest opr oducepaper s,wood,bui l
dhousesor
mor e.I fhuman cont i
nuing def orestati
on,car bon di
oxide wi l
l
concent ratei ntheatmospher ebecauset r
eescanabsor bcar bon
dioxidef rom at mospher e.Besi des,humanal sor el
easecar bon
dioxide when br eathe.Ther efore,the amount s ofmill
ions of
peopl ebr eathhav er eleasecar bondi oxidet otheatmospher e.If
human cont inue def orest
at i
on,human br eat
hing thatr elease
carbondi oxidewillst
ayatt heat mospher e.

I
mbal
ancebet
weenourl
if
eandear
th

Unf ort
unat
ely,thei mbalancewhichwehav ecreatedbetweenour
l
ifeandear thisalreadyshowi ngthesignsdisaster
sinthef or
m of
fl
ood, cycl
ones, l
andslides,t
sunami ,dr
ought,etc.I
ftheimbalance
cont i
nuestor i
se,onedayt hiswi l
lposeaquest i
onmar kont he
existence oft hi
s pl anet.Carbon dioxide (C02)whi ch is an
i
mpor t
antconstituentofenv i
ronmentiscausingawar mi ngeffect
ont heeart
h’ssur face.

Itincreasest heev apor ationofwat erint

ot heat mosphere.Since
wat erv apouri tselfisagr eenhousegas,t hiscausesst il
lmor e
war ming.The war mi ng causes mor e wat er vapour to be
evapor ated.TheC02l ev elisexpect edtor iseinf ut
ureduet o
ongoingbur ningoff ossi lfuelsandl andusechange.Ther at
eof
ri
se wi lldepend l argel y on uncer t
ain economi c,sociol
ogical,
technol ogi
calandnat ur aldev el
opment s.Ot hergasessuchas
met hane,CFCs,ni trous oxi de,tropospheric ozone ar e also
responsi bl
ef orgl obalwar ming.Increasesinal lthesegasesar e
due t o expl osive popul ation gr owth, increased industrial
expansi on, t echnol ogical adv ancement , def orest
ati
on and
growingur banizati
on, et c.
TheEf
fectofGl
obal
War
ming
Thegreenhousegaseswi llstayint
heat mosphereformanyy ears
si
ncehundr edsofy earsago.Howev er,theeffectthatglobal
warmingwi l
lcauseonear thareextremel yser
ious.Therear e
manyef fect
st hatwi l
lhappeni nt hefutureifglobalwar ming
conti
nues.Thati ncl
udes pol arice caps mel t
ing,economi c
consequences,war merwat ersandmor ehurri
canes,spreadof
di
seasesandear thquake
Mel
ti
ngofGl
aci
ers

Itwi l
lleadtomel t
ingofgl aci
ers,changesi nrainfallpat
terns,
i
ncr easedint
ensit
yandf requencyofextremeweat her.Aspert he
l
at estsurv
eyreporttherateofmel t
ingofglacier
shasseenshar p
i
ncr easeinrecentt i
mes.Ev enthoseglaciersareaf fect
edf r
om
globalwar ming which have been considered permanent.The
shr i
nki
ngofgl aci
ersisgoingtoposeamaj orproblem ofdri
nking
wat er.

Fir
stef f
ectispolaricecapsmel ti
ng.Asthet emper aturei
ncr ease,
thei ceatt heNor t
hPol ewi l
lmelt.Oncet hei cemel tst hef i
rst
effectwi l
lber aiseonseal evel
sbecauset hemel ti
nggl aciers
becomeoceans.Accor di
ngt ot heNationalSnow andI ceDat a
Cent er"
iftheicemel t
edtodaytheseaswoul dr i
seabout230f eet"
.
Itaffect
smanyl ow-l
yingareassuchast heNet herlands.Infuture,
theNet herlandswi l
lbecov erbywat eroncet heNor thPol ei s
mel t
ed.Howev er,i
tisnotgoi ngtohappensof astbutt hesea
l
ev elwil
lcont i
nueri
se.

Ri
senofSeal
evel

Theseal
evel
sasar esultofmelti
ngofglaci
ershaverisenfr
om
0.
35mm to0.4mm.Sci enti
stshavewarnedinthei
rreport
sthat
mostoft
heglaci
erswi l
ldisappearwi
thi
naper iodof15t o25
year
s.Itwi
llcr
eateprobl
emsofdr i
nkingwaterandf
oodgrainsin
mostoftheNorthAmer i
cancountr
ies.Paki
stani
snotunaf
fected
fr
om it
.TheHi malay
angl aci
ershaveshrunkabout30percent
aft
er1970.

Ther i
seinseal ev el
sisamaj orcauseofconcer n.Al argenumber
ofci t
ies located i n coast alar eas willsubmer ge int he sea.
Besides,manyi slandcount rieswi l
lulti
mately“l
oset heirexist
ence
andwi l
lbewashedawayf r
om t hesur f
aceoft heear th.The
damageofr isingseal evelsi sdiverse.Bui
ldingsandr oadscl ose
tothewat ercoul dbef loodedandt heycouldsuf ferdamagef rom
hurr
icanes and t ropicalst orms.Exper t
s believet hatgl obal
warmi ngcoul dincr easet heintensityofhurri
canesbyov er50per
cent.Inaddi tion,ast hesear i
ses,beacher osiont akespl ace,
part
icularl
yonst eepbanks.

Thr
eatt
otheFl
oraandFauna

Wet lands ar elostas t he levelri

ses.Ri se in atmospher i
c
temper aturewil
lleadtotheoutbreakofai
r-
bor neandwat er-
borne
diseases.I twouldalsocontri
butetotheri
sei ndeathcausedby
heat .Thepr obl
em ofdr oughtwouldbef r
equent .Consequently,
mal nutri
tionandst arv
ationwi l
lposeseriouschal l
engebef ore
humani ty.
Globalwar mingisagr eatthreattothefloraandf aunaoft he
earth.Al argenumberofspeciesofthem maybecomeext inct
.

Cul
minat
ionofhabi
tantspeci
es

Anothereff
ectisthespecieslossofhabi
tat.Speci
est
hatinclude
polarbearsand t r
opicalfrogswi l
lbe exti
nctdue t
o cli
mat e
change.Besides,v ari
ous birds wi
llmigrat
et o ot
herpl aces
becauseanimal sarenotl ikehumans.Theycannotadaptt he
habit
atthatchangestheirl
i
vingortemper
ature.
Ef
fectonAgr
icul
tur
alPr
oduce

Theexpanseofdeser twouldincrease.Low rainfal

landrisi
ng
temper
aturecouldaddt othei ntensi
tyandf requencyofdust y
stor
m.Thisinturnwil
limmenselyaf f
ectthequali
tyofagri
cul
tural
l
and,ult
imatel
ycausingadverseef f
ectonagricult
uralpr
oduce.It
wouldhavefar
-reachi
ngsocio-
economi cimpact.

I
mpactofGl
obalwor
mingi
nPaki
stan

InPakistanicont ext,theimpactofgl obalwar mingisamat terof

graveconcer n.Asi swel lknown,Pakistanismai nl
yanagr i
cultural
countryand agr i
culture hereisgambl e oft he monsoon,e. g.
l
argelydependi ngonr ainfal
l.Thoughi tist oaf f
ectthewhol e
country
,thewor stl i
kelyimpactwoul dbeonPunj abandi nSi ndh
whicharehi gh-yi
eldingpar tsofthecount r
y.Thesear et
her egions
which pr oduce t he largest agricult
ural yi
eld. The r i
se i n
atmospher i
ct emper atureandf alli
nr ai
nwoul dnatural
lyresulti n
decli
neincr oppr oduction.Mor eover,i
twoul dhav egreatef fect
onbiodiversityaswel l.

Sol
uti
ont
oSt
opGl
obal
War
ming
Now t here ar e sol
uti
ons thatwe can st op globalwar mi ng.
Howev er,wehumanandgov er
nment sneedtomov efor wardto
i
mpl ementt he globalwar ming solut
ions.To r educe global
warming,wecandot oreducet hecontri
but
ionofgr eenhouse
gasest ot heat mosphere.Therefor
e,thesoluti
onst hatwecan
reducegl obalwar mi
ngar ereducinggasoli
ne,el
ectri
cityandour
acti
vit
iest hatcauseglobalwarming.
Reducet
hegasol
inepr
oduct
s
Tor educegasoli
nemeanwehav eachoi
cetochooseahybr
idcar
thatreduceusinggasol
i
ne.Besi
des,
petr
olpr
icei
sincr
easi
ng.I
fa
per
sonev er
ydaydrivestoworktheyneedtopumppetrolafter3
daysandcausescarbondioxi
de.Anotherwaytor
educegasol i
ne
i
stakepubl i
ctransportorcarpoolt
owor k.I
tcanhelpr educe
car
bondioxi
deandsav ecost.
Cul
minat
ionofpl
ast
icbagsandot
herpl
ast
icmat
eri
al
Anotherwayt or educegl obalwarmingi srecycl
e.Recy cl
ecan
reducegarbagebyr eusingplasti
cbags,bottl
es,paper sorglass.
Forinst
ance,whenwebuyf oods,wecanuseourowncont ainers
i
nsteadofpl ast
icbags.Anot herexampl eisafterfi
nishdrinking
thewaterfrom t
hebot t
le;wecanr euseitoruseourownbot tl
e.If
allt
hisisbeingreuse,humancanr educedef or
estat
ionandhel p
saveenvir
onment .Besi
des, t
urnoffel
ectri
cit
yifunused.
St
opsbur
ninggar
bage
Humanshoul dst opopenbur ningsuchasbur ningdryleavesor
burninggarbageinopenpl ace.Itwillrel
easecar bondioxideand
toxi
ci fbur
ninggar bagewithplasti
c.Besides,gov er
nmentshould
reduce deforestation because the ear th temper at
ures are
i
ncreasing.Treeswi ll
hel
ptoimpr ovethetemper atureonearth.
For
est
ati
on(
Plant
ingofmor
etr
ees)

Inaddi ti
on, forestati
oncanbeofgr eathelpinthi sr egar d.Planting
mor et reesandr educingt imbercut swor ldwidewi l
lhel prestore
theimbal ance.Secondl y,wemustf oll
owonenv i
ronment alpol i
cy
of‘reduce,r euse,r ecycle’,i.
e.promot i
ngt her euseofany thi
ng.
Thirdly,theuseoff uel
-effici
entv ehicl
esshoul dbepr omot edas
thesev ehicleshav el oweremi ssi
onsofhar mf ulgases.Four t
hly,
everyi ndi vidualshoul d be awar e oft he i mpor tance oft he
protectingenv ir
onment .Besides,eco-f ri
endlyt echnol ogiesmust
be pr omot ed,and mustbe subst it
uted witht he t echnol ogies
which causegr eatemi ssion ofgl obalwar mi ng gases.Publ i
c
awar enesscampai gncanbeofgr eathel pint hisr egar dbecause
unless each and ev er
yi ndividuali s aware onl ygov ernment s’
ef
fectcannotbr
ingdesi
reddi
ff
erence.

I
mpor
tanceoft
rees:
Treespl ayasi gnif
icantr oleinthegl obalcarboncy cle.Theyar e
thel argestl and-basedmechani sm f orremov ingcarbondi oxi de
from t heai r.Def orest ati
oni scheckingtheseposi ti
vepr ocesses.
Itist hesecondpr i
nci pl
ecauseofat mospher iccarbondi oxi de.
Def orestation i sr esponsi blefor25 percentofal lcar bon
emi ssionsent eri
ngt heat mospher e,bythebur ningandcut tingof
34mi ll
ionacr esoft reeseachy ear.Everydayov er5500acr esof
rainforestar edest roy ed.Asaconsequenceofmassi velossof
forests,gl obalCO,l ev el
sr i
seappr oxi
mat ely0.4percenteach
year ,t
hel ev elsnotexper iencedont hisplanetformill
ionsofy ears.
Asweknowt hef or
est sar ethegreatabsor bersofCO.
Ky
otoPr
otocoli
n1997
Thegr owingconcernsov erglobaltemper atureshaveledtothe
nati
ons,stat
es,corporati
onsandi ndiv
idualstodr awoutaplanof
acti
ont o aver
tt hesi t
uati
on.Asar esult,thewor l
d’spri
mary
i
nternati
onalagr eement on combat i
ng gl obalwar ming was
reachedinKy otoi n1997whi chcamet obeknownasKy oto
Protocol
.Howev er,t
eny ear
shav epassed;t hesi t
uat
iondoesnot
appeartobev erychanged.I tseemst hatthemembercount ri
es
arenotveryseri
ousabouti t
sdev astat
ingef f
ects.

Rel
ati
onbet
weengl
obalwar
mingandpopul
ati
ongr
owt
h
Ther eisacl oser elationbet weengl obalwarmingandpopul ation
growt h.Today t he l arge popul ati
on on ear this usi ng t he
technologieswhi char edest ructi
vef ortheearth.Appr oximat ely
,
80percentofat mospher i
cC02i ncreasesareduet oman’ suseof
fossilfuelseitherint heform ofcoal ,gasoroi l
.Alargepor t
ionof
carbonemi ssionisat tri
butedt othebur ni
ngofgasolinei ninternal
-combust ionengi neofv ehicles.Vehicleswithpoorgasmi leage
cont r
ibutet he mostt o globalwar ming.Besides,t he Sul phur
groupgasi st hemosthar mf ulforthis.I
tscontri
buti
oni s30per
centi nglobalwar mi ng.Thisgasi salsoemittedfrom t hebur ning
offossi l
fuels.
Increaseingl obaltemper at
ureswi ll
causer i
seinseal ev el
.

Concl
usi
on
Ov eralloft hisassi gnment ,Ihav eunder st oodt hatourear this
"sick".Wehumansneedt o" heal "theear th.Gl obalWar mi
nghav e
causesmanypr obl emsf orhuman butwehuman who make
globalwar mi ng happens.Manypeopl ehav edi ed becauseof
diseaseordi saster .Ital
soaf fect stheeconomi csoft hecountry
.
Howev er,weneedt ober educet hegl obalwar mi ngbyusi ngless
gasol i
ne,r ecy cl
e and human shoul d hel pt or educe global
war mi ngi nsteadofmaki ngt heear t
ht emper atureincr eased.Our
gener at i
onshoul dst ar
ttakingcar eoft heear thbecausei nthe
nextgener ationt heywi l
lsuf ferifwedonotdor educegl obal
war mi ng.Ther ef
or e,globalwar mingi saser i
ousi ssuenow.Asa
busi ness st udent we ar el earning i t because we need t o
under st andt heef fectofcl i
mat echanget hatwi l
laf f
ectuswhen
wehav eourbusi nessandwecanst artsav ingt heear th.