EXAMEN PARALELO ´´B´´´

• DE LA ESTRUCTURA A EVALUAR ELIMINAMOS

𝑏 ∗ ℎ3
LOS ELEMENTOS QUE NO 𝐼= AFECTAN AL
12
DISEÑO DEL TENSOR.

• INERCIAS DE LOS ELEMENTOS

• GRADOS DE LIBERTAD Y DEFORMACIONES EN LA ESTRUCTURA.
40 ∗ 503
𝐼=
12
𝐼 = 416666.667 𝑐𝑚4

𝐸 = 15100√𝑓 ′ 𝑐

𝐸 = 233.928 𝑇/𝑐𝑚2

𝐴 = 4.1 𝑖𝑛2 = 26.425 𝑐𝑚2

𝐸 = 2043 𝑇/𝑐𝑚2
𝜽𝟏 = 𝟏 ∆𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏
 • MATRIZ K

K1 b1
[ ]
b1 t1 + Sxx T1 + Sxx T2

• RIGIDEZ EN ELEMENTOS

4∗𝐸∗𝐼 6∗𝐸∗𝐼 12 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐼
𝑘1 = ; 𝑏1 = ; 𝑡1 =
𝐿 𝐿2 𝐿

𝑇𝑛
(4) (233.928 ) (416666.667) 𝑐𝑚4
𝑘1 = 𝑐𝑚2 = 487350.004 𝑇𝑛 ∗ 𝑐𝑚
800 𝑐𝑚
𝑇𝑛
(6) (233.928 ) (416666.667 𝑐𝑚4 )
𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑚2 = 913.781 𝑇𝑛
(800 𝑐𝑚)2

𝑇𝑛
(12) (233.928 ) (416666.667 𝑐𝑚4 ) 𝑇𝑛
𝑡1 = 𝑐𝑚2 = 2.284
(800 𝑐𝑚) 3 𝑐𝑚

• RIGIDEZ EN TENSORES

𝐸∗𝐴
𝑆𝑥𝑥𝑇1 = cos(𝛾)2 ∗
𝐿
𝟐
𝟒𝟎𝟎 (𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟑)(𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝟐)
𝑺𝒙𝒙𝑻𝟏 = [ ] [ ]
√(𝟒𝟎𝟎)𝟐 + (𝟐𝟎𝟎)𝟐 √(𝟒𝟎𝟎)𝟐 + (𝟐𝟎𝟎)𝟐

𝑆𝑥𝑥𝑇1 = 96.672 T/cm

 𝐸∗𝐴
𝑆𝑥𝑥𝑇2 = cos(𝛾)2 ∗
𝐿
2
600 (2043)(26.452)
𝑆𝑥𝑥𝑇1 = [ ] [ ]
√(400)2 + (600)2 √(400)2 + (600)2

𝑆𝑥𝑥𝑇1 = 51.883 T/cm

• MATRIZ NUMÉRICA

− 𝛉𝟏 ∆𝐱𝟐
𝛉
[ 𝟏 487350.004 913.781]
∆𝐱𝟐 913.71 150.839

• VECTORES DE FUERZAS INTERNA Y EXTERNA

(3 𝑚) (4 𝑇/𝑚)
𝑃𝐷 = =6𝑇
2
(3 𝑚) (5 𝑇/𝑚)
𝑃𝐿 = = 7.5 𝑇
2

↺ 𝑀 = (6 𝑇) (200 𝑐𝑚) = 1200 𝑇. 𝑐𝑚

↺ 𝑀 = (7.5 𝑇) (200 𝑐𝑚) = 1500 𝑇. 𝑐𝑚

 VFEXT. VFINT. VFEXT. - VFINT.
𝑇𝑛
1200 0 1200 𝑇𝑛/𝑐𝑚
DEAD { 𝑐𝑚 } −{ } ={ }
0 0 0
-ADL
𝑇𝑛
1500 0 1500 𝑇𝑛/𝑐𝑚
LIVE { 𝑐𝑚 } −{ } ={ }
0 0 0

−0 0 0
SEISMIC { } −{ } ={ }
−9 𝑇𝑛 0 −9 𝑇𝑛

• DESPLAZAMIENTOS
𝑫 = [𝑲]−𝟏 ∗ (𝑽𝑬𝑿𝑻. − 𝑽𝑰𝑵𝑻. )

DEAD

0.000002075 −0.0000157 1200 0.002490586 𝑟𝑎𝑑

[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
−0.0000157 0.006705754 0 −0.15087942 𝑐𝑚

LIVE

0.000002075 −0.0000157 1500 0.003113232 𝑟𝑎𝑑

[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
−0.0000157 0.006705754 0 −0.018859928 𝑐𝑚

SEISMIC

0.000002075 −0.0000157 0 0.000113160 𝑟𝑎𝑑

[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
−0.0000157 0.006705754 −9 −0.06035186 𝑐𝑚
 • BUSCAMOS LOS AXIALES PARA CADA ESTADO DE CARGA

DEAD

𝐿𝑜 = √( 200)2 + (400)2 = 447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = √( 200)2 + (400.015087942)2 = 447.227 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 𝑳𝒇 − 𝐿𝑜

∆𝐿 = 447.227 𝑐𝑚 − 447.214 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 0.013 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐴
𝑇=
𝐿𝑜

𝑇𝑛
(0.013 𝑐𝑚) ∗ (26.452 𝑐𝑚2 ) ∗ (2043 )
𝑇= 𝑐𝑚2
447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝑻 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝟏 𝑻

LIVE

𝐿𝑜 = √( 200)2 + (400)2 = 447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = √( 200)2 + (400.018859928)2 = 447.23 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 𝑳𝒇 − 𝐿𝑜

∆𝐿 = 447.23 𝑐𝑚 − 447.214 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 0.016 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐴
𝑇=
𝐿𝑜

𝑇𝑛
(0.016 𝑐𝑚) ∗ (26.452 𝑐𝑚2 ) ∗ (2043 )
𝑇= 𝑐𝑚2
447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝑻 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑𝟑 𝑻
SEISMIC

𝐿𝑜 = √( 200)2 + (400)2 = 447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = √( 200)2 + (400.060351786)2 = 447.268 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 𝑳𝒇 − 𝐿𝑜

∆𝐿 = 447.268 𝑐𝑚 − 447.214 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 0.054 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐴
𝑇=
𝐿𝑜

𝑇𝑛
(0.054 𝑐𝑚) ∗ (26.452 𝑐𝑚2 ) ∗ (2043 )
𝑇= 𝑐𝑚2
447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝑻 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟐 𝑻

• COMBOS LRFD

1.4 D 1.4 (1.571 Tn) = 2.199 Tn

1.2 D +1.6 L 1.2 (1.571 Tn) + 1.6 (1.933 Tn) = 4.978 Tn
1.2 D + L+ S 1.2 (1.571Tn) + 1.933Tn + 6.525Tn = 10.343 Tn
1.2 D + L – S 1.2 (1.571Tn) + 1.933Tn - 6.525Tn = -2.707 Tn
0.9 D + S 0.9 (1.571) + 6.525 Tn = 7.939Tn
0.9 D - S 0.9 (1.571) - 6.525 Tn = -5.111Tn

𝐺𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑜 3 → 1.2 𝐷 + 𝐿 + 𝑆 → 𝑇𝑢 = 10.343 𝑇𝑛 (𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎)

• DISEÑO A TENSIÓN

Datos.

R u = 10.343 T = 22.802 klb

𝐴𝑔 = 4.1 in2
𝐼𝑥 = 9.14 𝑖𝑛4
𝐼𝑦 = 9.14 𝑖𝑛4
𝐹𝑦 = 36 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐸 = 29000 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑢 = 58 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑜 = 176.069 𝑖𝑛

ESBELTEZ

𝐼 9.14 𝑖𝑛4
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √ =√ = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗𝟑 𝒊𝒏
𝐴 4.1 in2

𝐿
< 300
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

176.069
= 117.93 < 300 𝑶𝑲
1.493

FLUENCIA

∅𝑃𝑛 = ∅ 𝐹𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑔
∅𝑃𝑛 = 0.9 (36 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ∗ 4.1 𝑖𝑛2 ) = 132.84 𝑘𝑙𝑏

ROTURA

∅ 𝑅𝑛
𝐿𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
1.392 ∗ 𝐷 ∗ #𝑤

22.802 𝑘𝑙𝑏
𝐿𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝒊𝒏
1.392 ∗ 2 ∗ 4

ÁREA NETA (An ):

𝐿 < 𝐻 → 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐿 = 4

𝐵2 + 2𝐵𝐻 (4𝑖𝑛)2 + (2)(4 𝑖𝑛)(4 𝑖𝑛)

𝑋= = = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒊𝒏
4(𝐵 + 𝐻) (4)(4 𝑖𝑛 + 4 𝑖𝑛)

𝑋 1.5
𝑈 =1− =1− = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 %
𝐿 4
 1
An = 𝐴𝑔 − 2 ( 𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎 + ) ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟
16

1 1 5
An = 4.1 − 2 ( + ) ∗
4 16 16

An = 3.905 i𝑛2

ÁREA EFECTIVA (𝐴𝑒 ) :

𝐴𝑒 = 𝐴𝑛 ∗ 𝑈

𝐴𝑒 = 3.905 ∗ 0.625

𝐴𝑒 = 2.441 𝑖𝑛2

COMPROBACIÓN DE PLACA GUSSET A36

6.19 D
t min =
Fu

(6.19) (2)
t min =
58

t min = 0.213 in < 0.25 in 𝐎𝐊

CAPACIDAD

∅𝑃𝑛 = ∅𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝐴𝑒

∅𝑃𝑛 = (0.75) (58) (2.441)

∅𝑃𝑛 = 106.184 𝑘𝑙𝑏

RELACIÓN DEMANDA CAPACIDAD

• RUPTURA

Demanda 22.802 klb

= ∗ 100% = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟒𝟕%
Capacidad 106.184 klb
 • FLUENCIA

𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 22.802 𝑘𝑙𝑏

= ∗ 100% = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟕%
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 132.84 𝑘𝑙𝑏

GOBIERNA POR RUPTURA

EXAMEN PARALELO ´´A´´´
• DE LA ESTRUCTURA A EVALUAR ELIMINAMOS LOS ELEMENTOS
QUE NO AFECTAN AL DISEÑO DEL TENSOR.

𝑏 ∗ ℎ3
• INERCIAS DE LOS ELEMENTOS 𝐼=
12

25 ∗ 403
𝐼=
12
𝐼 = 133333.333𝑐𝑚4

𝐸 = 15100√𝑓 ′ 𝑐

𝐸 = 233.928 𝑇/𝑐𝑚2

𝐴 = 1.89 𝑖𝑛2 = 12.194 𝑐𝑚2

𝐸 = 2043 𝑇/𝑐𝑚2
• GRADOS DE LIBERTAD Y DEFORMACIONES EN LA ESTRUCTURA.

𝜽𝟏 = 𝟏 ∆𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
 • MATRIZ K

K1 −b1
[−b t1 + Syy T1 + Syy T2 ]
1

• RIGIDEZ EN ELEMENTOS

4∗𝐸∗𝐼 6∗𝐸∗𝐼 12 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐼
𝑘1 = ; 𝑏1 = ; 𝑡1 =
𝐿 𝐿2 𝐿

𝑇𝑛
4 ∗ 233.928 ∗ 133333.333 𝑐𝑚4
𝑘1 = 𝑐𝑚2 = 311903.999 𝑇𝑛 ∗ 𝑐𝑚
400 𝑐𝑚
𝑇𝑛
6 ∗ 233.928 ∗ 133333.333 𝑐𝑚4
𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑚2 = 1169.640 𝑇𝑛
(400 𝑐𝑚)2

𝑇𝑛
12 ∗ 233.928 ∗ 133333.333 𝑐𝑚4 𝑇𝑛
𝑡1 = 𝑐𝑚2 = 5.848
(400 𝑐𝑚) 3 𝑐𝑚

• RIGIDEZ EN TENSORES

𝐸∗𝐴
𝑆𝑦𝑦𝑇1 = cos(𝛾)2 ∗
𝐿
2
300 (2043)(12.194)
𝑆𝑦𝑦𝑇1 = [ ] [ ]
√(400)2 + (300)2 √(400)2 + (300)2

𝑆𝑦𝑦𝑇1 = 17.936 T/cm

 𝐸∗𝐴
𝑆𝑦𝑦𝑇2 = cos(𝛾)2 ∗
𝐿
2
400 (2043)(12.194)
𝑆𝑦𝑦𝑇1 = [ ] [ ]
√(400)2 + (400)2 √(400)2 + (400)2

𝑆𝑦𝑦𝑇1 = 22.02T/cm

• MATRIZ NUMÉRICA

− 𝛉𝟏 ∆𝐱𝟐
[ 𝛉𝟏 311903.999 −1169.640 ]
∆𝐱𝟐 −1169.640 45.804

• VECTORES DE FUERZAS INTERNA Y EXTERNA

(3 𝑚) (3.5 𝑇/𝑚)
𝑃𝐷 = = 5.25 𝑇
2
(3 𝑚) (5.5 𝑇/𝑚)
𝑃𝐿 = = 8.25 𝑇
2

↺ 𝑀 = (−5.25 𝑇) (200 𝑐𝑚) = −1050 𝑇. 𝑐𝑚

↺ 𝑀 = (−8.25 𝑇) (200 𝑐𝑚) = −1650 𝑇. 𝑐𝑚

 VFEXT. VFINT. VFEXT. - VFINT.
𝑇𝑛
−1050 0 −1050 𝑇𝑛/𝑐𝑚
DEAD { 𝑐𝑚 } −{ } ={ }
−5.25 𝑇𝑛 0 −5.25 𝑇𝑛
-ADL
𝑇𝑛
−1650 0 −1650 𝑇𝑛/𝑐𝑚
LIVE { 𝑐𝑚 } −{ } ={ }
−8.25 𝑇𝑛 0 −8.25 𝑇𝑛

−0 0 0
SEISMIC { } −{ } ={ }
−10 𝑇𝑛 0 −10 𝑇𝑛

• DESPLAZAMIENTOS
𝑫 = [𝑲]−𝟏 ∗ (𝑽𝑬𝑿𝑻. − 𝑽𝑰𝑵𝑻. )

DEAD

0.000003546 0.000090541 −1050 −0.004198263𝑟𝑎𝑑

[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
0.000090541 0.024144179 −5.25 −0.221824648 𝑐𝑚

LIVE

0.000003546 0.000090541 −1500 −0.006065424 𝑟𝑎𝑑

[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
0.000090541 0.024144179 −8.25 −0.335000489 𝑐𝑚

SEISMIC

0.000003546 0.000090541 0 −0.000905407 𝑟𝑎𝑑

[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
0.000090541 0.024144179 −10 −0.241441794 𝑐𝑚
 • BUSCAMOS LOS AXIALES PARA CADA ESTADO DE CARGA

DEAD

𝐿𝑜 = √( 300)2 + (400)2 = 500 𝑐𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = √( 300.221824648)2 + (400)2 = 500.133 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 𝑳𝒇 − 𝐿𝑜

∆𝐿 = 500.133 𝑐𝑚 − 500 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 0.133 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐴
𝑇=
𝐿𝑜

𝑇𝑛
(0.133 𝑐𝑚) ∗ (12.194 𝑐𝑚2 ) ∗ (2043 )
𝑇= 𝑐𝑚2
500 𝑐𝑚

𝑻 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝟕 𝑻

LIVE

𝐿𝑜 = √( 300)2 + (400)2 = 500 𝑐𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = √( 300.335000489)2 + (400)2 = 500.201 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 𝑳𝒇 − 𝐿𝑜

∆𝐿 = 500.201 𝑐𝑚 − 500 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 0.201 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐴
𝑇=
𝐿𝑜

𝑇𝑛
(0.201 𝑐𝑚) ∗ (12.194 𝑐𝑚2 ) ∗ (2043 )
𝑇= 𝑐𝑚2
447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝑻
SEISMIC

𝐿𝑜 = √( 300)2 + (400)2 = 500 𝑐𝑚

𝐿𝑓 = √( 300.241441794)2 + (400)2 = 500.145 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 𝑳𝒇 − 𝐿𝑜

∆𝐿 = 500.145𝑐𝑚 − 500 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 = 0.145 𝑐𝑚

∆𝐿 ∗ 𝐸 ∗ 𝐴
𝑇=
𝐿𝑜

𝑇𝑛
(0.145 𝑐𝑚) ∗ (12.194 𝑐𝑚2 ) ∗ (2043 )
𝑇= 𝑐𝑚2
447.214 𝑐𝑚

𝑻 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝑻

• COMBOS LRFD

1.4 D 1.4 (6.627 Tn) = 9.278 Tn

1.2 D +1.6 L 1.2 (6.627 Tn) + 1.6 (10.015 Tn) = 23.976 Tn
1.2 D + L+ S 1.2 (6.627 Tn) + 10.015 Tn + 7.225 Tn = 25.192 Tn
1.2 D + L – S 1.2 (6.627 Tn) + 10.015 Tn - 7.225 Tn = 10.742 Tn
0.9 D + S 0.9 (6.627) + 7.225Tn = 13.189 Tn
0.9 D - S 0.9 (6.627) - 7.225Tn = -1.261 Tn

𝐺𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑜 3 → 1.2 𝐷 + 𝐿 + 𝑆 → 𝑇𝑢 = 25.192 𝑇𝑛 (𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎)

• DISEÑO A TENSIÓN

Datos.

R u = 25.192 T = 55.539 klb

𝐴𝑔 = 1.89 in2
𝐼𝑥 = 2.46 𝑖𝑛4
𝐼𝑦 = 2.46 𝑖𝑛4
𝐹𝑦 = 36 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐸 = 29000 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑢 = 58 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑜 = 196.85 𝑖𝑛

ESBELTEZ

𝐼 2.46 𝑖𝑛4
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √ =√ = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟏 𝒊𝒏
𝐴 1.89 in2

𝐿
< 300
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

196.85
= 172.524 < 300 𝑶𝑲
1.141

FLUENCIA

∅𝑃𝑛 = ∅ 𝐹𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑔
∅𝑃𝑛 = 0.9 (36 𝑘𝑠𝑖 ∗ 1.89 𝑖𝑛2 ) = 61.236 𝑘𝑙𝑏

ROTURA

∅ 𝑅𝑛
𝐿𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
1.392 ∗ 𝐷 ∗ #𝑤

55.539 klb
𝐿𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝒊𝒏
1.392 ∗ 2 ∗ 4

ÁREA NETA (An ):

𝐿>𝐻

𝐵2 + 2𝐵𝐻 (3𝑖𝑛)2 + (2)(3 𝑖𝑛)(3 𝑖𝑛)

𝑋= = = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒊𝒏
4(𝐵 + 𝐻) (4)(3 𝑖𝑛 + 3 𝑖𝑛)
 𝑋 1.125
𝑈 =1− =1− = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟒 %
𝐿 4.987

1
An = 𝐴𝑔 − 2 ( 𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎 + ) ∗ 𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟
16

1 1 3
An = 1.89 − 2 ( + ) ∗
4 16 16

An = 1.773 i𝑛2

ÁREA EFECTIVA (𝐴𝑒 ) :

𝐴𝑒 = 𝐴𝑛 ∗ 𝑈

𝐴𝑒 = 1.773 ∗ 0.774

𝐴𝑒 = 1.372 𝑖𝑛2

COMPROBACIÓN DE PLACA GUSSET A36

6.19 D
t min =
Fu

(6.19) (2)
t min =
58

t min = 0.213 in < 0.25 in 𝐎𝐊

CAPACIDAD

∅𝑃𝑛 = ∅𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝐴𝑒

∅𝑃𝑛 = (0.75) (58) (1.372)

∅𝑃𝑛 = 59.682 𝑘𝑙𝑏

RELACIÓN DEMANDA CAPACIDAD

• RUPTURA

𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎 55.539 klb

= ∗ 100% = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟎𝟔%
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 59.682
 • FLUENCIA

Demanda 55.539 klb

= ∗ 100% = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟕𝟎%
Capacidad 61.236 klb

GOBIERNA POR RUPTURA