Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Specializarea: - Jurnalism
- Comunicare şi Relaţii Publice
Anul univ.:2010-2011
SINTEZA
CURSULUI PRACTIC
LIMBA ENGLEZA PENTRU JURNALISTI
DESTINAT STUDENTILOR DIN ANUL II
SEMESTRUL I
Cursul practic de limba engleza pentru jurnalisti asigura studentilor din anul II de
studiu (nivel mediu-avansat), cadrul autentic in care sa isi dezvolte perceptia asupra
zonelor-cheie din domeniul jurnalistic. Se au in vedere urmatoarele obiective:
- intelegerea conceptelor teoretice referitoare la componentele de baza ale ziarelor
de limba engleza
- familiarizarea studentilor cu terminologia specifica fiecarei componente de baza a
ziarelor de limba engleza
- construirea si utilizarea activa a unui vocabular cat mai bogat in limba engleza in
specialitatea jurnalistica
- insusirea notiunilor teoretice si folosirea lor in situatii interactive, in mod creativ
si eficient
- identificarea structurilor lexicale de baza in urma lecturii si studiului de texte
specializate
- dezvoltarea competentei comunicationale axate cu precadere pe teme generale
tinand de domeniul jurnalistic
- insusirea unui vocabular cat mai bogat al limbii engleze standard
- consolidarea notiunilor de gramatica si utilizarea lor corecta oral si in scris
Lectia 2
- Consolidarea gramaticii/Grammar consolidation:
- uncountable nouns: information, intelligence, advice, progress, knowledge, news,
furniture, homework, luggage, nonsense, money, butter, milk, sugar, etc.
- sufixele : “-ship”(readership, ownership, friendship,partnership,etc.), “-hood”
(motherhood, bachelorhood, priesthood, brotherhood, etc.), “-worthy”(seaworthy,
newsworthy, etc.)
- sufixe substantivale(noun suffixes) : -er/or, -(t)ion, -ist, -ism, -ness (opener, projector,
donation, journalist, journalism, goodness, readiness, etc.)
- sufixe adjectivale (adjective suffixes) : -able,-ible, -ive, -al, -ous, -ful,( drinkable,
legal, furious, useful, useless, etc.)
- timpurile prezentului (present tenses): simple present(I work)/present continuous(I am
working):
Simple present arata o actiune obisnuita, repetabila, cu periodicitate; se foloseste cu
adverbe de timp (every day, etc. in the morning, etc.), si adverbe de frecventa (ever,
never, always, often, seldom, rarely, usually)
Ex. She has toast in the morning.
He always drinks a coffee in the afternoon.
- Timpul mediu necesar parcurgerii, asimilarii si fixarii acestor probleme este de 3 ore.
- Tema de autocontrol sugerata :”Study the newspapers in your town and define the
specificities of the front page.”
- Materialul dezvoltat se gaseste in manualul “Communication Matters in Mass Media
and Cultural Studies” (cf.bibliografie) Pag. 7-22.
Tema 2. Headlines
Lectia 1
Prezentarea teoretica minimala:
- definirea specificitatii titlurilor si categoriile de exceptii gramaticale ale titlurilor de
articole din ziarele britanice:
“English newspaper headlines are governed by linguistic rules of their own. The language
is elliptical and compressed. Headlines are often incomplete sentences (i.e. Difficult
Times Ahead).
Very often the fractured grammar and idiosyncratic vocabulary of English headlines
challenge the understanding even of native speakers. But these problems are often, in
themselves, stimulating challenges to non-native speakers. Headlines writers try to catch
the reader’s eye by using as few words as possible. The language headlines use is,
consequently, unusual in a number of ways.
It is important to realize that there are lexical, structural and stylistic differences
between headlines and other written forms. In dealing with headlines, the reader is
always involved in seeking out meaning. Graphically, Headlines – big, short and often
accompanied by a relevant picture – are interesting, frequently dramatic examples of
language use.
A special training is necessary in a wide range of skills, from writing ability to
pronunciation, to deduce the rules of headlines usage and use these rules in different
ways.
The most common categories of grammar exceptions found in newspaper headlines are:
noun phrases (a noun phrase that describes a noun, with no verb – i.e. Overwhelming
Response of Voters), noun strings (a string of three, four, etc. nouns together – i.e.
Country Leader Question Time), various verb changes (simple tenses for past tenses –
i.e. Forgotten Brother Appears, infinitive for future, i.e. Mayor to Open Shopping Mall),
auxiliary verbs dropped in the passive form – i.e.Man Killed in Accident), drop
articles – i.e. President Declares Celebration)”
- vocabularul titlurilor : monosyllabic verbs and nouns or short words for long (aid=
help, to back= to support, to blast = to explode, to curb = to limit, to plea = to request,
probe = investigation, key = essential, to jack = to improve, air=to discuss openly,
ban = to prevent, bid = attempt, to cut = to reduce, to boost = to promote, irk = anger,
lag = delay, quiz = question, to slam = to criticize, etc.)
- stilul titlurilor = titlurile folosesc masiv figurile de stil : aliteratia (aceeasi consoana
repetata la inceputul a doua sau mai multe cuvinte : “Billy Blasts Bees”), asonanta,
rima (“Biley too wily”)
Lectia 2
Consolidarea gramaticii/Grammar Consolidation :
Lectia 3
- Consolidarea gramaticii/Grammar Consolidation:
Timpul mediu necesar parcurgerii, asimilarii si fixarii acestor probleme este de 3 ore.
Tema de autocontrol sugerata : “Study an editorial from a newspaper in your town.Pay
attention to the points of view, topic, structure.”
Materialul dezvoltat se gaseste in manualul “Communication Matters in Mass Media
and Cultural Studies” (cf.bibliografie) pag. 41-56
Lectia 3
- Consolidarea gramaticii/Grammar Consolidation
- comparatia regulate a adjectivelor/regular comparison of adjectives:
Ex. Dark – less dark – as dark as/not so dark as – darker than – very dark
- comparatia neregulata a adjectivelor/irregular comparison:
Ex. Good/well – better – the best far – further – the furthest(distance+ time)
Bad/ill - worse - the worst farther – farthest (only distance)
Little - less - the least old – older – the oldest(people+things)
Much/many – more – the most elder – the eldest (related people)
- structuri adjectivale – schimbarea categodiei gramaticale :
people who are sick = the sick
people who are blind = the blind
people who are poor = the poor
people who are injured = the injured, etc.
- constructii adjectivale sintetice :
an eight-year-old girl = a girl who is eight years old
a blue-eyed man = a man who has blue eyes
a leather-bound book = a book that is bound in leather, etc.
- timpurile verbale/verbal tenses: past perfect tense/past perfect continuous tense,
exprima o actiune trecuta care a avut loc inaintea altei actiuni trecute
Ex. They had worked at that company before they came.
They had been longing for that book for a long time
Timpul mediu necesar parcurgerii, asimilarii si fixarii acestor probleme este de 3 ore.
Tema de autocontrol sugerata: “Study the following letters and analyse them according
to : the topics, the readers’ points of view, the vocabulary used, the structure, the style,
the type”:
1. Sir, rather than increase postal charges, which the Post Office is about to do, have
they not considered the possibility of just making their stamps slightly smaller?
(Mortimer Edwards, The Tussocks, Chelmsford, Essex)
2. Sir, I’m a Japanese businessman. I’m the reader of your paper.Frances Cairncross
(April 16) alleges that Britain is not more highly taxed than France and Germany.
However the authoritative Japanese financial paper, Nippon Keizai Shinbun,
reported on April 8, that Britain is more highly taxed than France and Germany
Which am I to believe? (Kunihiro Morita, London)”
Materialul dezvoltat se gaseste in manualul “Communication Matters in Mass Media
and Cultural Studies” (cf.bibliografie) la pag. 57-86
Tema 5. News
Lectia 1
Prezentare teoretica minimala : “News is any new information on current events which
is presented by print, broadcast, Internet., etc. to a third party or mass audience. News is a
reporting of current information on television and radio, and in newspapers and
magazines. The news has always covered subjects that catch people’s attention and differ
from their “ordinary lives”. The subjects cover unnatural, extraordinary events (love,
birth, weather, crime, etc.) News reporting is a type of journalism, typically written or
broadcast in news style. The people in the newspaper staff who deal with news
(journalists, reporters, correspondents, etc.) are called “news gatherers”. News content
should contain the “Five Ws” (who, what, when, where, why, and also how). News
organizations are expected to aim for objectivity.”
- lectura a cat mai multor stiri in care se pot studia:
- structura stirilor : - stiri formate dintr-o singura fraza complexa
- stiri formate din 2 fraze/2 paragrafe
- domeniul caruia ii apartin: stiri interne/domestic news, arta/arts,
educatie/education, afaceri/business, sport,etc.
Lectia 2
- Exercitii lexicale:
- substantive abstracte derivate din adjective,verbe (glad-gladness,
true-truth, hate-hatred, proud-pride, vacant-vacancy, remember-
remembrance, etc)
Lectia 3
- Consolidarea gramaticii/Grammar Consolidation
Timpul mediu necesar parcurgerii, asimilarii si fixarii acestor probleme este de 3 ore.
Tema de autocontrol sugerata : “Establish the pieces of information contained in the
following news, and the way they answer the “five Ws”:
1. Braclays revealed for the first time yesterday how much of its profits come from its
market-leading credit card business.
Barclay card accounted for more than 10% of Group profits, at £195m, but analysts
Expect this business to come under severe pressure in the future.
2. Exposure of children to other people’s cigarette smoke has nearly halved in 10 years
Because of parents stopping smoking and bans in public places.
A study published in the “British Medical Journal” today says that the levels of
cotinine, a compound of nicotine, in children’s saliva rose between 1999 and 2004 but
began to fall.
Materialul dezvoltat se gaseste in manualul “Communication Matters in Mass Media
and Cultural Studies”( cf. bibliografie) la pag. 87-108
Tema 6. Advertisements
Lectia 1
Prezentare teoretica minimala: “Advertising is a form of communication that typically
attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular
brand or service. The media used for advertising are : television, radio, cinema,
magazines, newspapers, the Internet, billboards. The kind of advertisements we find in
news papers are:
- the classified ads or “small ads”, placed in newspapers for people who want
to buy or sell something, look for a job, hire a motor car or get a flat. They
contain important expressions and abbreviations;
- the advertisements for elections.The campaign is the series of
advertisements, television appearances, meetings and speeches designed to
get support for a candidate;
- the non-personal advertising, any paid form of non-personal communication
through the mass media about a product by an identified sponsor. Sponsors
may be a nonprofit organization, a political candidate, a company or an
individual.
Advertising differs from news and publicity in that an identified sponsor pays for placing
the message in the media. Some firms employ advertising agents, while others have an
inhouse staff. The client – the firm or organization which pays for an advertising
campaign or campaigns, using an advertising agency – will discuss with the agency
management the message they want to get across. The advertising message can be shown
in several ways to make its impact. It may be humorous, it may make use of puns,
alliteration, assonance and rhyme. There is real inventiveness in all slogans. They are
sometimes close to poetry, metaphors, metonymies, etc., being also used.”
Lectia 2
- Exercitii lexicale:
- clasa lexicala “place” : place, location, site, position,zone,
neighbourhood, premises, plot, territory, land, etc.
Ex. When the needle enters the red zone it indicates danger.
Lectia 3
Consolidarea gramaticii/Grammar Consolidation :
- Sequence of Tenses / Reported Speech:
• Dupa un verb introductiv ( say, tell, declare,….) la present, nu este nici
o modificare a timpului verbal in propozitia raportata:
Ex. “I will be twenty years old in March”, he says.
He says he will be twenty years old in March.
Timpul mediu necesar parcurgerii, asimilarii si fixarii acestor probleme este de 3 ore.
Tema de autocontrol sugerata: “Try to understand the following classified ads, paying
attention to the abbreviations :
a. “ 2 bdrm. Town house for sublease June and July.£ 123/mo + util. Call 781-3714
b. “Avble Mai 1st large 2 bedrm. Ft. 1 block from Camp. £ 179/mo + util.Call 745-
6556
c. “ Rm for male st. avble now. Share a refrigerator, bath.,cpt. Walk to CS.£80
plus.Call 931-2405
Materialul dezvoltat se gaseste in manualul “Communication Matters in Mass
Media and Cultural Studies” (cf.bibliografie), pag. 109-133
Tema 7 . Cartoons, Comic Strips, Pictures, Jokes, Limericks
Lectia 1
Prezentare teoretica minimala : “Humour is the tendency of particular cognitive
experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement. Cartoons, comic strips and
photographs are all combinations of words and pictures, but jokes, anecdotes and
limericks are not usually. The combinations of words and pictures often reveal facts
about culture : school and family relationships, gestures, patterns of behaviour, etc.
Cartoons are amusing drawings in a newspaper, etc., expressing especially views,
comments on public matters, political affairs, public persons or events,etc.
A comic strip or strip cartoons is a series of cartoons made of a number of drawings in a
row, relating comic or adventure stories, especially for children. Photographs and pictures
are almost the same thing. A photograph is a picture produced by photography, and a
picture is a painting, drawing or photograph.
Jokes are something said or done to cause laughter.
Limericks are a type of humorous, nonsense, absurd poem. They are a very particular
manifestation of the English humour (as our Romanian epigram).
Cartoons and comic strips are rich in word play, double meanings and idiomatic
expressions, as well as jokes and limericks, all of them full of British humour”.
Lectia 2
- Exercitii lexicale :
- clasa lexicala “insects” : ant, fly, spider, butterfly, beetle, wasp, dragonfly,
bee, moth, flea, mosquito, etc.
- expresii care folosesc cuvantul “head” : to make head or tail, a head for
heights, headlong, a good head for figures, pigheaded, to head the list,
headquarters, to have one’s head in the clouds, to keep one’s head above
water, from head to toe;
Ex. My daughter usually helps me with my monthly accounts; she has a
good head for figures.
- Similes with “…..like : to be like a bear with a sore head, to have a head like
a sieve, to sleep like a log, to work like a dream, to eat like a horse, to go
like a bull in a china shop, etc.
Ex. Their plan worked like a dream and the problem was solved.
Lectia 3
Timpul mediu necesar parcurgerii, asimilarii si fixarii acestor probleme este de 3 ore.
Tema de autocontrol sugerata : “Read, translate and explain the humour in the
following two limericks” :
1. “ A railroad official at Crewe 2. “The intoximeter machine
Met an engine one day that he knew, Turned red when it should have
Though he nodded and bowed, turned green.
The engine was proud, My sentence is quashed
And cut him – it cut him in two.” Even though I was sloshed -
(Robert Louis Stevenson) And my licence is, once again,
clean.
(Carol Midwood, Stourbridge,
West Midlands)
IV . BIBLIOGRAFIE RECOMANDATA
a) Obligatorie :
b) Facultativa :
- A.J.Thomson,, A.V.Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, 2nd Ed. Oxford University
Press, 1995
- Hornby, A.S., A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, OUP, London, 1980
- +++ Key Words in the Media, Harper Collins Publishers, Birmingham, 1995
- Nicolescu, A., Popovici, L., Preda, I., Dictionar frazeologic englez-roman,
Ed.Stiintifica, Bucuresti, 1967
- R.Stefan, S.Marcoci, R.Vasilescu, E.Beldea, Come Along, Editura Fundatiei Romania
de Maine, Bucuresti, 2002
- R.Mihaila, Current Issues, Ed.Fundatiei Romania de Maine, Bucuresti, 2007
- Land, G., What the Papers Say, Longman, London, 1989
- Strentz, H., News Reporters and News Sources, Prentice Hall, 1992
- St.John, M., Advertising and the Promotion Industry, Prentice Hall International (UK)
Lt., 1994
- Wood, F.T., English Verbal Idioms, MacMillan and Co., Ltd., London, 1988
- Le Divenach, E., Engleza in Presa, Ed.Teora, Bucuresti, 1997
- Dayan, A., Lindsay, W.H., Engleza pentru Marketing si Publicitate, Ed.Teora,
Bucuresti, 1992
- Barbu, A.M., Chirimbu, S., English Language for Daily Use, Ed. FRM, Bucuresti,
2006
- Vince, M., Advanced Language Practice, Heinemann, Oford, 1994
TRUE/FALSE
The Front Page is the place where the Letters to the Editor are placed
Answer : F
The editorial is an article or a column which expresses the paper’s own point of view.
Answer : T
Feature articles are articles about persons who have recently died.
Answer : F
A Letter to the Editor is a letter sent to a publication about issues of concern to its
readers.
Answer : T
MULTIPLE CHOICE :
a. do not tell
b. does not tell
c. does not telling
d. is not telling
Answer : D
a. was been
b. will be being
c. were being
d. has been
Answer : D
a. would arrest
b. would have arrested
c. will arrest
d. will have arrest
Answer : C
a. was driving
b. drove
c. has driven
d. drives
Answer : A
6. Choose the most appropriate answer :
a. The reporter said the doctor that he owed his life to him.
b. The reporter told the doctor that he owes his life to him.
c. The reporter told the doctor that he owed his life to him.
Answer : C
8. Change from the indirect speech into the direct speech, by choosing the proper form:
9. Change the sentence from the direct speech into the indirect speech, by choosing the
proper form:
a. They will start printing the newspaper as soon as they receive the money.
b. They will begin to print the newspaper as soon as they will receive the money.
c. They will begin printing the newspaper as soon as they received the money.
Answer : A
a. How do you know that the article is not telling the truth?
b. How know you that the article is not telling the truth?
c. How are you knowing that the article is not telling the truth?
Answer : A
a. Someone had broken into the office and stolen the files.
b. Someone had broken into the office and stole the files.
Answer : A
16. Choose the best synonyms for the words written in capital letters :
17. Choose the best synonyms for the words written in capital letters :
He VOWED that one day he would return.
a. threatened
b. informed
c. promised
d. suggested
Answer : C
a. structure
b. tirage
c. circulation
d. functionalism
Answer : C
The ......................is the top of the front page carrying the name of the paper.
a. mastiff
b. masthead
c. banner
d. masterpiece
Answer : B
a. dash
b. quiz
c. pledge
d. bid
Answer : B
The number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc., regularly sold to the public.
a. bookstall
b. review
c. circulation
d. kiosk
Answer : C
a. scoop
b. obituary
c. home
d. scandal
Answer : B
a. trip
b. travel
c. voyage
d. expedition
Answer : C
A story dealing with imaginary future developments and their effect upon life.
a. myth
b. western
c. science fiction
d. novel
Answer : C
a. side-swipes
b. side-saddles
c. side-whiskers
d. side-splitters
Answer : D
27. Choose the best synonym for the word written in capital letters :
Fields and HEDGEROWS have disappeared, their wildlife destroyed, all in the name of
progress.
28. Choose the best synonym for the word written in capital letters :
a. old people
b. pedestrians
c. motorists
d. teachers
Answer : B