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Properties Comparison of Different Dyes
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Dyes Comparison Table

Sikander Anwer
Department in Textile Engineering
University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Cell: 0322-4875571
Email:111811016@umt.edu.pk

Reactive Dye:
Reactive dye is a dye that can react directly with the fabric. That means that a chemical reaction
happens between the dye and the molecules of the fabric, effectively making the dye a part of the
fabric. Reactive dyes have good fastness properties owing to the bonding that occurs during dyeing.
Reactive dyes are most commonly used in dyeing of cellulose like cotton or flax, but also wool is
dyeable with reactive dyes. Get Article in Email
REACTIVE DYE
Enter Email Address Here
MECHANISM Covalent Bond Formation.
Good Affinity for the Cellulosic Fibers.
Smaller Molecule Size.

STRUCTURE
SOLUBILITY Easily Soluble in Water.
Good Affinity for Water.
Polar Nature.
CHARGEABILITY Negatively Charged.
Remove Negative Charge by Adding
Salts,
i.e. NaCl
SUBSTANTIVITY Good Substantivity for the Fibers.
 High Degree of Fixation Efficiency.
pH Range: 7 - 11
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FASTNESS PROPERTIES Washing : Good
Rubbing : Moderate
Lightening : Good
Chemical : Stable
Perspiration: Good
APPLIANCES They are Applied to Cellulosic, Proteinic
and Polyamide Fibers;
i.e. Cotton, Wool.
COLOUR RANGE Gamete Range of Colors.
Brighter Shades.
All Colors are Achievable.
ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR Non-Environmental Friendly.
Carcinogenic Dye.
COST U.S: 0.5 - 1.8 $/Kg.
Cheap.

Direct Dye:
Popular Posts
Direct dye is a dye used in a process in which dye molecules are attracted by physical forces at the
Sri Lankan Apparel Export Position in
molecular level to the textile. The amount of this attraction is known as "substantivity": the higher the
Global Market
1
substantivity the greater the attraction of the dye for the fiber. So it is called substantive dye.
Roles of Industrial Engineer in Apparel
DIRECT DYE Industry
2

MECHANISM Hydrogen Bonding. Textile Calculation | Different Formula of

Wander Wall’s Forces between Fiber
Textile Calculation
Surface and Dye Molecule. 3
Larger Molecule Size.
Importance and Factors of Plant Location
in Production Management
4

Parts of a Sewing Machine and Their

STRUCTURE Functions | Different Parts of Hand
SOLUBILITY Soluble in Water. Operated Sewing Machine
Good Affinity. 5
Polar Nature.
Speed Frame | Necessity of Speed Frame /
CHARGEABILITY Carry Negative Charge.
Discharge by Adding Salts, Simplex / Roving Frame | Objects /
i.e. Na2SO4 , CuSO3 Functions of Speed Frame
6
SUBSTANTIVITY Moderate Substantivity for the Fiber
because Larger Size of Molecule.
Dyeing Process | Different Types of Dyes |
pH Range: 10 - 11
FASTNESS PROPERTIES Washing : Weak Classification of Dyes
7
Rubbing : Poor
Lightening : Good Chemical Composition of Cotton Fiber
8
Chemical : Poor
Perspiration : Average
APPLIANCES They are Applicable on Cellulosic and SPONSORED SEARCHES
Proteinic Fibers;
i.e. Viscose, Silk. Chemical Bonding
COLOUR RANGE Large Range of Colors.
Dull and Darker Shades.
All Colors are Achievable. Offset Machine
ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR Non-Environmental Friendly.
Carcinogenic Dye.
Garment Textile
COST U.S: 1.5 – 5 $/Kg
Cheap
Dye Fabric

Disperse Dye: Dye Pigment

Disperse dyes are the only water insoluble dyes that dye polyester and acetate fibers. Disperse dye
molecules are the smallest dye molecules among all dyes. A disperse dye molecule is based on an
azobenzene or anthraquinone molecule with nitro, amine, hydroxyl, etc. groups attached to it.
Important Categories
Accessories Advanced Dyeing
DISPERSE DYE
Automation
MECHANISM Wander Wall’s Forces.
Affinity for Fibers. Bleaching Bra Calculation
Attraction between Fiber Surface and the
Dye Molecule. Campus Carding
Career

Circular Knitting Clothing Color

STRUCTURE Color Fastness Combing Computer

 SOLUBILITY Non-Soluble in Aqueous. Costing
Non-Polar Nature.
CHARGEABILITY Neutral Charge. Cotton Count Cutting Defects
Penetrate Because of Transition State of
Synthetic Fibers. Denim Disperse Dye Drafting Dye
SUBSTANTIVITY Substantivity is Less because of Non-Polar
Nature.
pH Range: 4.5 – 5.5
Dyeing Dyeing Auxiliaries
FASTNESS PROPERTIES Washing : Good Dyeing M/C Ebooks Enzyme ETP
Lightening : Good
Crocking : Good
Gas Fume Fade : Average
Experiment Fabric
APPLIANCES They are Applied to Synthetic Fibers; Fabric Manufacturing
i.e. Acetate, Triacetate, Polyester, Nylon
and Acrylic. Fabric Stracture and Design Fabric Test
COLOUR RANGE Wide Range of Colors.
Bright and Lighter Shades. Factory Fashion
Major Colors: Pale Yellow and Blue.
ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR Non-Environmental Friendly. Fashion and Design Fiber
Carcinogenic Dye.
COST U.S: 2.50 – 3.00 $/Kg Finishing Finishing M/C
Cheap
Flow Chart

Vat Dye: Garment Wash Garments M/C

Vat dyes are an ancient class of dyes, based on the natural dye, indigo, which is now produced Garments Manufacturing IE
synthetically. Vat dyeing is a process that refers to dyeing that takes place in a bucket or vat. Most
Inspection Jute Fiber Jute Spinning
vat dyes, which require a reducing agent to solubilize them, are less suitable than fiber-reactive dyes
for amateurs. Knitting Knitting M/C Loom

Machines Maintenance
VAT DYE
Manmade Fiber Marker
MECHANISM Vat Process:
{Converting Water-Insoluble to a Water- Medical Textile Mercerizing
Soluble}.
Red ox Reaction. Merchandising Microfiber
Reducing Agents provide Attraction for the
Fibers. Nanotechnology

Needle Nonwoven Pattern Pigment

Plasma Technology Polyester

Pretreatment Printing
STRUCTURE
Printing and Finishing Properties
SOLUBILITY In-Soluble in Water.
Adding Reducing Agents to become Questions Reactive Dye Recycling
Soluble.
CHARGEABILITY Negatively Charged. Report
Alkali is Used for Removing Charge.
Research Ring Frame Rotor Spinning
SUBSTANTIVITY Substantivity is good for Cellulosic Fibers.
High Fixation because of Reducing Safety Textile
Agents.
pH Range : 12 - 15 Sample Scouring Seam Sewing
FASTNESS PROPERTIES Washing : Weak
Lightening : Good Sewing M/C Silk Simplex Singeing
Crocking : Poor
Sizing
Chemicals : Average
Perspiration : Good Smart Textile Software Special Dye
APPLIANCES They are Applied to Cellulosic and
Proteinic Fibers; i.e. Viscose Rayon, Special Fabric
Wool.
Special Fiber Special Finishing
COLOUR RANGE Large Range of Colors.
Dark Shades Ability.
Major Colors: Indigo, Green and Black. Spinning Spinning M/C Stitch
ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOUR Non-Environmental Friendly. Sulpher Dye Technical textile
Cancer Causing Dye.
COST U.S: 9.9 – 13.98 $/Kg Testing M/C Textile News
Average
Textile Terms Thread
Thesis
TTQC Twist
REFERENCES:
Undergarment Uster M/C Vat Dye
1. http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol_black5.gif Warp Knitting Warping
2. http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/dyeblog/C1845207367/E20070320194204/Media/MFCD00003946
Washing Wastage Water Weaving
.GIF.jpg
 3. http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/price/disperse.gif Wet process Winding Wool Yarn
4. http://www.tasanet.com/Files/UploadedImages/83/Images/Photo.jpg
5. http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/01/chemical-structure-of-reactive-dyes.html
6. http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2011/02/defination-classification-application_2111.html
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disperse_dye
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat_dye
9. http://www.amazon.com/Jacquard-Procion-Fiber-Reactive-black/dp/B001I117EI
10. http://www.pburch.net/drupal/?q=node/561

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Editor-in-Chief:
Mazharul Islam Kiron is a textile consultant and researcher on online
business promotion. He is working with one European textile machinery
company as a country agent. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.

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Awais Imran
Well organized work about dyes.
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